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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Administrative history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Public services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parks_and_open_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_open_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Parks and open spaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_open_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Utilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries_and_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries_and_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Libraries and museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries_and_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-River" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#River"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>River</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-River-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bike_sharing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bike_sharing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Bike sharing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bike_sharing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Twin towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Reading, Berkshire</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%93adingas" title="Rēadingas – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Rēadingas" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%BA" title="ريدنغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريدنغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redinq" title="Redinq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Redinq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D8%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ردینق، اینگیلیس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ردینق، اینگیلیس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="রেডিং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেডিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_(Eng-l%C3%A2n)" title="Reading (Eng-lân) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Reading (Eng-lân)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Рэдынг (Англія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэдынг (Англія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Рэдынг (Ангельшчына) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэдынг (Ангельшчына)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Рединг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рединг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_(Berkshire)" title="Reading (Berkshire) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Reading (Berkshire)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_(Berkshire)" title="Reading (Berkshire) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reading (Berkshire)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8)" title="Рединг (Англи) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рединг (Англи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_(kapital_sa_kondado_sa_Hiniusang_Gingharian,_Inglatera,_Reading)" title="Reading (kapital sa kondado sa Hiniusang Gingharian, Inglatera, Reading) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Reading (kapital sa kondado sa Hiniusang Gingharian, Inglatera, Reading)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Ρέντινγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρέντινγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_(Ingalaterra)" title="Reading (Ingalaterra) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Reading (Ingalaterra)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="ردینگ، بارکشر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ردینگ، بارکشر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_(Royaume-Uni)" title="Reading (Royaume-Uni) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Reading (Royaume-Uni)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Reading, Berkshire" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading,_Inglaterra" title="Reading, Inglaterra – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reading, Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Reading, Berkshire" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EB%94%A9_(%EB%B2%84%ED%81%AC%EC%85%94%EC%A3%BC)" title="레딩 (버크셔주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레딩 (버크셔주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3_(%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Ռեդինգ (Անգլիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեդինգ (Անգլիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81)" title="Рединг (Англис) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Рединг (Англис)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92_(%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93%D7%AA)" title="רדינג (הממלכה המאוחדת) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רדינג (הממלכה המאוחדת)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98)" title="რედინგი (ინგლისი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რედინგი (ინგლისი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Reading, Berkshire" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radinga" title="Radinga – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Radinga" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redinga" title="Redinga – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Redinga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redingas" title="Redingas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Redingas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D,_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="റീഡിംഗ്, ബെർക്‌ഷയർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റീഡിംഗ്, ബെർക്‌ഷയർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0)" title="रेडिंग (बर्कशायर) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रेडिंग (बर्कशायर)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC" title="ريدينج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريدينج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Reading, Berkshire" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_(Engeland)" title="Reading (Engeland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Reading (Engeland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="レディング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レディング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_(Berkshire)" title="Reading (Berkshire) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Reading (Berkshire)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_i_Berkshire" title="Reading i Berkshire – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Reading i Berkshire" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9dingue" title="Rédingue – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Rédingue" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%86%DA%AF,_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="ریڈنگ, برکشائر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریڈنگ, برکشائر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Рединг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рединг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Reading, Berkshire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Reading, Berkshire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Рединг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рединг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Reading, Berkshire" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3" title="Редиң – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Редиң" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87_(%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="เรดิง (บาร์กเชอร์) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรดิง (บาร์กเชอร์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Редінг (Англія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Редінг (Англія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="ریڈنگ، بارکشائر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریڈنگ، بارکشائر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading" title="Reading – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Reading" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_(Berkshire)" title="Reading (Berkshire) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Reading (Berkshire)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E4%B8%81" title="雷丁 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="雷丁" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Reading, Berkshire" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E4%B8%81" title="雷丁 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="雷丁" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="רעדינג – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רעדינג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Reading,_Berkshire&params=51_27_15_N_0_58_23_W_region:GB-RDG_city(175,000)_type:city(174820)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°27′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°58′23″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.45417°N 0.97306°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.45417; -0.97306</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town and borough in Berkshire, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Reading, Berks" redirects here. For the city in Berks County, Pennsylvania, see <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading, Pennsylvania</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town and borough in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Reading</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Borough of Reading</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Town and <a href="/wiki/Borough_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Borough status in the United Kingdom">borough</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:250px;max-width:250px"><div style="height:114px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_roofscape_on_2023-08-19_16.05.01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Reading_roofscape_on_2023-08-19_16.05.01.jpg/248px-Reading_roofscape_on_2023-08-19_16.05.01.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Reading_roofscape_on_2023-08-19_16.05.01.jpg/372px-Reading_roofscape_on_2023-08-19_16.05.01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Reading_roofscape_on_2023-08-19_16.05.01.jpg/496px-Reading_roofscape_on_2023-08-19_16.05.01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1848" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/East_Reading" title="East Reading">East Reading</a> Skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_Town_Hall,_UK_-_20150707.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Reading_Town_Hall%2C_UK_-_20150707.jpg/122px-Reading_Town_Hall%2C_UK_-_20150707.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Reading_Town_Hall%2C_UK_-_20150707.jpg/183px-Reading_Town_Hall%2C_UK_-_20150707.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Reading_Town_Hall%2C_UK_-_20150707.jpg/244px-Reading_Town_Hall%2C_UK_-_20150707.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Reading_Town_Hall" title="Reading Town Hall">Reading Town Hall</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oracle_Riverside_2022-01-16_13.45.27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Oracle_Riverside_2022-01-16_13.45.27.jpg/122px-Oracle_Riverside_2022-01-16_13.45.27.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Oracle_Riverside_2022-01-16_13.45.27.jpg/183px-Oracle_Riverside_2022-01-16_13.45.27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Oracle_Riverside_2022-01-16_13.45.27.jpg/244px-Oracle_Riverside_2022-01-16_13.45.27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/The_Oracle,_Reading" title="The Oracle, Reading">Oracle Riverside</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:81px;max-width:81px"><div style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_Minster,_church_tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Reading_Minster%2C_church_tower.jpg/79px-Reading_Minster%2C_church_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Reading_Minster%2C_church_tower.jpg/119px-Reading_Minster%2C_church_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Reading_Minster%2C_church_tower.jpg/158px-Reading_Minster%2C_church_tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Reading_Minster" title="Reading Minster">Reading Minster</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:82px;max-width:82px"><div style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Maiwand_Lion01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/The_Maiwand_Lion01.jpg/80px-The_Maiwand_Lion01.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/The_Maiwand_Lion01.jpg/120px-The_Maiwand_Lion01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/The_Maiwand_Lion01.jpg/160px-The_Maiwand_Lion01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div><div>The <a href="/wiki/Maiwand_Lion" title="Maiwand Lion">Maiwand Lion</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:83px;max-width:83px"><div style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Blade_and_The_Abbey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6133200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_Blade_and_The_Abbey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6133200.jpg/81px-The_Blade_and_The_Abbey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6133200.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_Blade_and_The_Abbey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6133200.jpg/122px-The_Blade_and_The_Abbey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6133200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_Blade_and_The_Abbey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6133200.jpg/162px-The_Blade_and_The_Abbey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6133200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3159" data-file-height="4665" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Reading_Abbey" title="Reading Abbey">Reading Abbey</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Blade,_Reading" title="The Blade, Reading">The Blade</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:250px;max-width:250px"><div style="height:154px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_Berkshire_OpenStreetMap_2024-11-10.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Reading_Berkshire_OpenStreetMap_2024-11-10.png/248px-Reading_Berkshire_OpenStreetMap_2024-11-10.png" decoding="async" width="248" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Reading_Berkshire_OpenStreetMap_2024-11-10.png/372px-Reading_Berkshire_OpenStreetMap_2024-11-10.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Reading_Berkshire_OpenStreetMap_2024-11-10.png/496px-Reading_Berkshire_OpenStreetMap_2024-11-10.png 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div><div>Map of Reading</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_Coat_of_Arms.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Reading"><img alt="Official logo of Reading" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/Reading_Coat_of_Arms.png/100px-Reading_Coat_of_Arms.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/Reading_Coat_of_Arms.png/150px-Reading_Coat_of_Arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/Reading_Coat_of_Arms.png/200px-Reading_Coat_of_Arms.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="311" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council" title="Reading Borough Council">Reading Borough Council</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">A Deo et Regina<br /><small><i>With God and Queen</i></small></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_UK_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Borough of Reading shown within Berkshire"><img alt="Borough of Reading shown within Berkshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Reading_UK_locator_map.svg/250px-Reading_UK_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Reading_UK_locator_map.svg/375px-Reading_UK_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Reading_UK_locator_map.svg/500px-Reading_UK_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="741" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Borough of Reading shown within Berkshire</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_England_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reading is located in England"><img alt="Reading is located in England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/United_Kingdom_England_adm_location_map.svg/250px-United_Kingdom_England_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/United_Kingdom_England_adm_location_map.svg/375px-United_Kingdom_England_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/United_Kingdom_England_adm_location_map.svg/500px-United_Kingdom_England_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="991" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.733%;left:66.022%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Reading"><img alt="Reading" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Reading</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Reading,_Berkshire&params=51_27_15_N_0_58_23_W_region:GB-RDG_city(175,000)_type:city(174820)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°27′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°58′23″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.45417°N 0.97306°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.45417; -0.97306</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent country</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> <small>(south Thames)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a> <small>(north Thames)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Admin HQ</th><td class="infobox-data">Reading</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Settler" title="Settler">Settled</a></th><td class="infobox-data">871 or earlier</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of towns in the United Kingdom">Town status</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1086 or earlier</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas of the town</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Calcot,_Berkshire" title="Calcot, Berkshire">Calcot</a> (Village)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Caversham,_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Caversham, Berkshire">Caversham</a> (Village)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Caversham_Heights" title="Caversham Heights">Caversham Heights</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Caversham_Park_Village" title="Caversham Park Village">Caversham Park Village</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Reading&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Reading (page does not exist)">Central Reading</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Meadows,_Reading" title="Christchurch Meadows, Reading">Christchurch Meadows</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Coley,_Berkshire" title="Coley, Berkshire">Coley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Coley_Park" title="Coley Park">Coley Park</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Earley" title="Earley">Earley</a> (Town) (part)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/East_Reading" title="East Reading">East Reading</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Emmer_Green" title="Emmer Green">Emmer Green</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fords_Farm" title="Fords Farm">Fords Farm</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Green_Park,_Reading" title="Green Park, Reading">Green Park</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Holybrook" title="Holybrook">Holybrook</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Katesgrove" title="Katesgrove">Katesgrove</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Caversham" title="Lower Caversham">Lower Caversham</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Earley" title="Lower Earley">Lower Earley</a> (part)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Newtown,_Reading" title="Newtown, Reading">Newtown</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Norcot" title="Norcot">Norcot</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Purley-on-Thames" class="mw-redirect" title="Purley-on-Thames">Purley-on-Thames</a> (Village)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sandford (part)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sonning" title="Sonning">Sonning</a> (Village) (part)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Southcote,_Berkshire" title="Southcote, Berkshire">Southcote</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Tilehurst" title="Tilehurst">Tilehurst</a> (Village) (part)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/West_Reading,_Berkshire" title="West Reading, Berkshire">West Reading</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Whitley,_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitley, Berkshire">Whitley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Whitley_Wood" title="Whitley Wood">Whitley Wood</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Winnersh" title="Winnersh">Winnersh</a> (Village) (part)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Woodley,_Berkshire" title="Woodley, Berkshire">Woodley</a> (Town) (part)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authority</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council" title="Reading Borough Council">Reading Borough Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election">MP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Rodda" title="Matt Rodda">Matt Rodda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Bailey" title="Olivia Bailey">Olivia Bailey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Yang_(politician)" title="Yuan Yang (politician)">Yuan Yang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">200 ft (61 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Borough</div></th><td class="infobox-data">174,820</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">120th (<a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_population" title="List of English districts by population">of 296</a>) <small>(borough)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">11,210/sq mi (4,327/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">337,108</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Redingensian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021</a>)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 67.1% <a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 17.7% <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">Asian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 7.2% <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 5.1% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 2.9% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">other</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 39.6% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England#Christianity" title="Religion in England">Christianity</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 36.3% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Irreligion in the United Kingdom">no religion</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 15.2% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">other</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 8.9% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_England" title="Islam in England">Islam</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+0">UTC+0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">BST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/RG_postcode_area" title="RG postcode area">RG</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>0118</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/British_national_grid_reference_system" class="mw-redirect" title="British national grid reference system">Grid Ref.</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Reading,_Berkshire&params=51.454201_N_0.975247_W_region:GB_scale:25000">SU713733</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ONS_coding_system" title="ONS coding system">ONS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>00MC (ONS)</li> <li>E06000038 (GSS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GB" title="ISO 3166-2:GB">ISO 3166-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GB-RDG</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics" title="Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics">NUTS</a> 3</th><td class="infobox-data">UKJ11</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reading.gov.uk">reading<wbr />.gov<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Reading</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ef\/En-uk-Reading.ogg\/En-uk-Reading.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-uk-Reading.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/En-uk-Reading.ogg/En-uk-Reading.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-uk-Reading.ogg" title="File:En-uk-Reading.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">RED</span>-ing</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a town and borough in <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a>, England. Most of <a href="/wiki/Reading_built-up_area" title="Reading built-up area">its built-up area</a> lies within the <b>Borough of Reading</b>, although some outer suburbs are parts of neighbouring local authority areas. Located in the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Valley" title="Thames Valley">Thames Valley</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> of the rivers <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">Thames</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Kennet" title="River Kennet">Kennet</a>, Reading is 40 miles (64 km) east of <a href="/wiki/Swindon" title="Swindon">Swindon</a>, 28 miles (45 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, 40 miles (64 km) west of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and 16 miles (26 km) north of <a href="/wiki/Basingstoke" title="Basingstoke">Basingstoke</a>. </p><p>Reading is a major commercial centre, especially for information technology and insurance.<sup id="cite_ref-Good_Growth_for_Cities_2013_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Good_Growth_for_Cities_2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also a regional retail centre, serving a large area of the Thames Valley with its shopping centres, including the <a href="/wiki/The_Oracle,_Reading" title="The Oracle, Reading">Oracle</a>, the Broad Street Mall, and the pedestrianised area around Broad Street. It is home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a>. Every year it hosts the <a href="/wiki/Reading_and_Leeds_Festivals" title="Reading and Leeds Festivals">Reading Festival</a>, one of England's biggest music festivals. Reading has a professional <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> team, <a href="/wiki/Reading_F.C." title="Reading F.C.">Reading F.C.</a>, and participates in many other sports. </p><p>Reading dates from the 8th century. It was a trading and ecclesiastical centre in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the site of <a href="/wiki/Reading_Abbey" title="Reading Abbey">Reading Abbey</a>, one of the largest and richest monasteries of <a href="/wiki/Medieval_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval England">medieval England</a> with royal connections, of which the 12th-century abbey gateway and significant ancient ruins remain. By 1525, Reading was the largest town in Berkshire, and tenth in England for taxable wealth. The town was seriously affected by the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, with a major siege and loss of trade, but played a pivotal role in the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a>, whose only significant military action was fought on its streets. The 18th century saw the beginning of a major ironworks in the town and the growth of the <a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">brewing</a> trade for which Reading was to become famous. The 19th century saw the coming of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">Great Western Railway</a> and the development of the town's brewing, baking and seed growing businesses, and the town grew rapidly as a <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> centre. Reading is also the county town of Berkshire. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Reading,_Berkshire" title="History of Reading, Berkshire">History of Reading, Berkshire</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Reading,_Berkshire" title="Timeline of Reading, Berkshire">Timeline of Reading, Berkshire</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Redding_by_John_Speed,_1611.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Map_of_Redding_by_John_Speed%2C_1611.jpg/220px-Map_of_Redding_by_John_Speed%2C_1611.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Map_of_Redding_by_John_Speed%2C_1611.jpg/330px-Map_of_Redding_by_John_Speed%2C_1611.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Map_of_Redding_by_John_Speed%2C_1611.jpg/440px-Map_of_Redding_by_John_Speed%2C_1611.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3163" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>The earliest map of Reading, published in 1611 by <a href="/wiki/John_Speed" title="John Speed">John Speed</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Reading_from_Caversham_by_Joseph_Farington,_1793.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/View_of_Reading_from_Caversham_by_Joseph_Farington%2C_1793.jpg/220px-View_of_Reading_from_Caversham_by_Joseph_Farington%2C_1793.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/View_of_Reading_from_Caversham_by_Joseph_Farington%2C_1793.jpg/330px-View_of_Reading_from_Caversham_by_Joseph_Farington%2C_1793.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/View_of_Reading_from_Caversham_by_Joseph_Farington%2C_1793.jpg/440px-View_of_Reading_from_Caversham_by_Joseph_Farington%2C_1793.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1078" /></a><figcaption><i>View of Reading from <a href="/wiki/Caversham,_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Caversham, Berkshire">Caversham</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Farington" title="Joseph Farington">Joseph Farington</a> in 1793</figcaption></figure> <p>Occupation at the site of Reading may date back to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman period</a>, possibly in the form of a trading port for <a href="/wiki/Calleva_Atrebatum" title="Calleva Atrebatum">Calleva Atrebatum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELawes_Long183611–13_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELawes_Long183611–13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the first clear evidence for Reading as a settlement dates from the 8th century, when the town came to be known as <i>Readingas</i>. The name probably comes from the <i><a href="/wiki/Readingas" title="Readingas">Readingas</a></i>, an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> tribe whose name means <i>Reada's People</i> in <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron196164_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron196164-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the Anglo-Saxons often had the same name for a place and its inhabitants). In late 870, an army of <a href="/wiki/Danes_(Germanic_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Danes (Germanic tribe)">Danes</a> invaded the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> and set up camp at Reading. On 4 January 871, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Reading_(871)" title="Battle of Reading (871)">first Battle of Reading</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethelred_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethelred of Wessex">King Ethelred</a> and his brother <a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">Alfred the Great</a> attempted unsuccessfully to breach the Danes' defences. The battle is described in the <i><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a></i>, and that account provides the earliest known written record of the existence of Reading. The Danes remained in Reading until late in 871, when they retreated to their winter quarters in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips198014–15_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips198014–15-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hastings" title="Battle of Hastings">Battle of Hastings</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a> gave land in and around Reading to his foundation of <a href="/wiki/Battle_Abbey" title="Battle Abbey">Battle Abbey</a>. In its 1086 <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> listing, the town was explicitly described as a <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a>. The presence of six mills is recorded: four on land belonging to the king and two on the land given to Battle Abbey.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Reading_Abbey" title="Reading Abbey">Reading Abbey</a> was founded in 1121 by <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a>, who is buried within the Abbey grounds. As part of his endowments, he gave the abbey his lands in Reading, along with land at <a href="/wiki/Cholsey" title="Cholsey">Cholsey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlade20011–16_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlade20011–16-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town grew around a crossing of the River Kennet, about 1 mile (1.6 km) upstream from its confluence with the River Thames. In 1312, King <a href="/wiki/Edward_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward II">Edward II</a> directed that its bridges should be kept in good order.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not known how badly Reading was affected by the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> that swept through <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> in the 14th century, but it is known that the abbot, <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Appleford" title="Henry of Appleford">Henry of Appleford</a>, was one of its victims in 1361, and that nearby <a href="/wiki/Henley-on-Thames" title="Henley-on-Thames">Henley</a> lost 60% of its population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHylton200734–38_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHylton200734–38-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Abbey" title="Abbey">Abbey</a> was largely destroyed in 1538 during <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII's</a> <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">dissolution of the monasteries</a>. The last <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Faringdon" title="Hugh Faringdon">Hugh Faringdon</a>, was subsequently tried and convicted of high treason and <a href="/wiki/Hanged,_drawn_and_quartered" title="Hanged, drawn and quartered">hanged, drawn and quartered</a> in front of the Abbey Church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlade200117–25_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlade200117–25-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFashamHawkes1983_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFashamHawkes1983-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1525, Reading was the largest town in <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> and the tenth largest town in England when measured by taxable wealth reported in tax returns. By 1611, it had a population of over 5,000 and had grown rich on its trade in cloth, as instanced by the fortune made by local merchant <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrick_(cloth_merchant)" title="John Kendrick (cloth merchant)">John Kendrick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHylton200734–38_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHylton200734–38-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHylton200751–52_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHylton200751–52-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reading played a role during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>. Despite its fortifications, it had a <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a> imposed on it in 1642. The subsequent <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Reading" title="Siege of Reading">Siege of Reading</a> by <a href="/wiki/Roundheads" class="mw-redirect" title="Roundheads">Parliamentary</a> forces succeeded in April 1643.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town's cloth trade was especially badly damaged, and the town's economy did not fully recover until the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reading played a significant role during the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Reading_(1688)" title="Battle of Reading (1688)">second Battle of Reading</a> was the only substantial military action of the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 18th century saw the beginning of a major iron works in the town and the growth of the <a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">brewing</a> trade for which Reading was to become famous.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips198084–89_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips198084–89-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reading's trade benefited from better designed <a href="/wiki/Turnpike_trusts" class="mw-redirect" title="Turnpike trusts">turnpike</a> roads which helped it establish its location on the major coaching routes from London to <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Country" title="West Country">West Country</a>. In 1723, despite considerable local opposition, the Kennet Navigation opened the <a href="/wiki/River_Kennet" title="River Kennet">River Kennet</a> to boats as far as <a href="/wiki/Newbury,_Berkshire" title="Newbury, Berkshire">Newbury</a>. Opposition stopped when it became apparent that the new route benefited the town. After the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Kennet_and_Avon_Canal" title="Kennet and Avon Canal">Kennet and Avon Canal</a> in 1810, one could go by barge from Reading to the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Channel" title="Bristol Channel">Bristol Channel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips198075–80_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips198075–80-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1714, and probably earlier, the role of <a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">county town</a> of Berkshire was shared between Reading and <a href="/wiki/Abingdon-on-Thames" title="Abingdon-on-Thames">Abingdon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-QuarterSessions_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QuarterSessions-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter1995103_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter1995103-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it was one of the southern termini of the <a href="/wiki/Hatfield_and_Reading_Turnpike" title="Hatfield and Reading Turnpike">Hatfield and Reading Turnpike</a> that allowed travellers from the north to continue their journey to the west without going through the congestion of London. </p><p>During the 19th century, the town grew rapidly as a <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> centre. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">Great Western Railway</a> arrived in 1841,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by the <a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Railway,_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="South Eastern Railway, UK">South Eastern Railway</a> in 1849 and the <a href="/wiki/London_and_South_Western_Railway" title="London and South Western Railway">London and South Western Railway</a> in 1856.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKidner19826_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKidner19826-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaters199020_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaters199020-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Summer <a href="/wiki/Assizes" title="Assizes">Assizes</a> were moved from Abingdon to Reading in 1867, effectively making Reading the sole county town of Berkshire, a decision that was officially approved by the <a href="/wiki/Privy_council" title="Privy council">privy council</a> in 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-QuarterSessions_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QuarterSessions-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town became <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1888" title="Local Government Act 1888">Local Government Act 1888</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 19th and 20th centuries, the town's three largest industries were known as the <i>Three Bs</i>: beer (1785–2010, <a href="/wiki/H_%26_G_Simonds" class="mw-redirect" title="H & G Simonds">H & G Simonds</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-19century_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19century-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bulbs (1837–1974, <a href="/wiki/Suttons_Seeds" title="Suttons Seeds">Suttons Seeds</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-19century_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19century-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and biscuits (1822–1976, <a href="/wiki/Huntley_%26_Palmers" title="Huntley & Palmers">Huntley and Palmers</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-19century_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19century-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town continued to expand in the 20th century, annexing <a href="/wiki/Caversham,_Reading" title="Caversham, Reading">Caversham</a> across the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a> in 1911, as well as most of <a href="/wiki/Tilehurst" title="Tilehurst">Tilehurst</a> to the west at the same time. Compared to many other English towns and cities, Reading suffered little physical damage during either of the two <a href="/wiki/World_war" title="World war">world wars</a> that afflicted the 20th century, although many citizens were killed or injured in the conflicts. One significant <a href="/wiki/Airstrike" title="Airstrike">air raid</a> occurred on 10 February 1943, when a single <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> plane machine-gunned and bombed the town centre, resulting in 41 deaths and over 100 injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lower_Earley" title="Lower Earley">Lower Earley</a> development, begun in 1977, was one of the largest private housing developments in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It extended the urban area of Reading as far as the <a href="/wiki/M4_Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="M4 Motorway">M4 Motorway</a>. Further housing developments have increased the number of modern houses and <a href="/wiki/Hypermarkets" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypermarkets">hypermarkets</a> in the outskirts of Reading. A major town-centre shopping centre, <a href="/wiki/The_Oracle,_Reading" title="The Oracle, Reading">The Oracle</a>, opened in 1999, is named after the 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Oracle_(workhouse)" title="Oracle (workhouse)">Oracle workhouse</a>, which once occupied a small part of the site. It provides three storeys of shopping space and boosted the local economy by providing 4,000 jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban areas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> to be without <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a>, Reading has unsuccessfully bid for city status on four recent occasions – in 2000 to celebrate the new millennium; in 2002 to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II">the Golden Jubilee</a> of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>; in 2012 for <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II">the Diamond Jubilee</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lovemytown_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lovemytown-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2022 to mark <a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II">the Platinum Jubilee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RBC_City_Status_2021_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBC_City_Status_2021-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_61505857_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_61505857-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">Local government</a> for the borough is provided by <a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council" title="Reading Borough Council">Reading Borough Council</a>, which has been a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">unitary authority</a> providing all local government functions since 1998. There are no <a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">civil parishes</a> in the borough. Some of the built-up area's outer <a href="/wiki/Suburbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburbs">suburbs</a> are outside the borough boundaries in <a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire" title="West Berkshire">West Berkshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wokingham" title="Borough of Wokingham">Wokingham</a>. These outer suburbs belong to civil parishes, in some cases with their own town status.<sup id="cite_ref-electionmaps_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electionmaps-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reading has elected at least one <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> to every <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> since 1295.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a>, the borough of Reading has been divided between the parliamentary constituencies of <a href="/wiki/Reading_Central_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Reading Central (UK Parliament constituency)">Reading Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reading_West_and_Mid_Berkshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Reading West and Mid Berkshire (UK Parliament constituency)">Reading West and Mid Berkshire</a> (which also covers part of West Berkshire), and <a href="/wiki/Earley_and_Woodley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Earley and Woodley (UK Parliament constituency)">Earley and Woodley</a> (which also covers part of the borough of Wokingham).<sup id="cite_ref-electionmaps_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electionmaps-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reading is the site of venues for both the <a href="/wiki/Reading_Crown_Court" title="Reading Crown Court">Crown Court</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> administering criminal justice, and the <a href="/wiki/County_Court_(England_and_Wales)" title="County Court (England and Wales)">County Court</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> responsible for civil cases. Lesser matters are dealt with in a local <a href="/wiki/Magistrates%27_court_(England_and_Wales)" title="Magistrates' court (England and Wales)">magistrates' court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_history">Administrative history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Administrative history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_Abbey_Gateway_restored_2018-04-15_16.38.31.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Reading_Abbey_Gateway_restored_2018-04-15_16.38.31.jpg/220px-Reading_Abbey_Gateway_restored_2018-04-15_16.38.31.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Reading_Abbey_Gateway_restored_2018-04-15_16.38.31.jpg/330px-Reading_Abbey_Gateway_restored_2018-04-15_16.38.31.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Reading_Abbey_Gateway_restored_2018-04-15_16.38.31.jpg/440px-Reading_Abbey_Gateway_restored_2018-04-15_16.38.31.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Gateway,_Reading" title="Abbey Gateway, Reading">Abbey Gateway</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Reading was an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_borough" title="Ancient borough">ancient borough</a>, being described as a borough by the time of the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> in 1086. The borough was initially controlled by <a href="/wiki/Reading_Abbey" title="Reading Abbey">Reading Abbey</a> as its <a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">manorial</a> owner. The town gradually gained a degree of independence from the abbey from the 13th century onwards, particularly after the town's <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">merchant guild</a> was granted a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> in 1253. Following the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">dissolution</a> of the abbey in 1538 the borough was granted a new charter in 1542.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The borough boundaries were then set out in a subsequent charter from <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> in 1560. The borough covered the whole of the parish of <a href="/wiki/St_Laurence%27s_Church,_Reading" title="St Laurence's Church, Reading">St Laurence</a> and parts of the parishes of <a href="/wiki/St_Giles%27_Church,_Reading" title="St Giles' Church, Reading">St Giles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reading_Minster" title="Reading Minster">St Mary</a>. The part of St Giles' parish outside the borough was known as the <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(place)" title="Hamlet (place)">hamlet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Whitley,_Reading" title="Whitley, Reading">Whitley</a>, and the part of St Mary's parish outside the borough was known as the <a href="/wiki/Tithing" title="Tithing">tithing</a> of <a href="/wiki/Southcote,_Berkshire" title="Southcote, Berkshire">Southcote</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The borough was reformed in 1836 to become a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_borough" title="Municipal borough">municipal borough</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_Act_1835" title="Municipal Corporations Act 1835">Municipal Corporations Act 1835</a>, which standardised how most boroughs operated across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-VoB_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VoB-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The borough boundaries, which had not been changed since 1560, were enlarged in 1887 to take in Southcote, Whitley, the north-western parts of <a href="/wiki/Earley" title="Earley">Earley</a>, and the eastern end of the parish of <a href="/wiki/Tilehurst" title="Tilehurst">Tilehurst</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips1980135_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips1980135-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When elected county councils were established in 1889 under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1888" title="Local Government Act 1888">Local Government Act 1888</a>, Reading was considered large enough for its existing borough council to provide county-level services, and so Reading was made a <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a>, independent from <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_County_Council" title="Berkshire County Council">Berkshire County Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VoB_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VoB-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The borough boundaries were enlarged again in 1911 to take in Caversham on the north bank of the Thames from <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a> (except the <a href="/wiki/Caversham_Park" title="Caversham Park">Caversham Park</a> area, which was transferred to the parish of <a href="/wiki/Eye_and_Dunsden" title="Eye and Dunsden">Eye and Dunsden</a>), and most of the parish of Tilehurst (including the main village at Tilehurst Triangle and the area around the parish church at Churchend) to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local government was reformed in 1974 under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a>, which saw Reading redesignated as a <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">non-metropolitan district</a>, with Berkshire County Council providing county-level services in the borough for the first time. Ahead of those reforms, the borough council campaigned to have Reading's boundaries enlarged to take in Earley, <a href="/wiki/Woodley,_Berkshire" title="Woodley, Berkshire">Woodley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purley_on_Thames" title="Purley on Thames">Purley on Thames</a>, the residual <a href="/wiki/Tilehurst_(civil_parish)" title="Tilehurst (civil parish)">Tilehurst parish</a> (covering the parts of Tilehurst which had not been transferred into the borough in 1911), and the eastern part of the parish of <a href="/wiki/Theale" title="Theale">Theale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government decided to make no change to Reading's boundaries, leaving them as they had been since last reviewed in 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after the 1974 reforms came into effect, a more limited review of the borough's boundaries north of the Thames was carried out, which saw the Caversham Park area and part of the parish of <a href="/wiki/Mapledurham" title="Mapledurham">Mapledurham</a> on the western side of Caversham transferred into the borough of Reading in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The borough council became a unitary authority in 1998, when the county council was abolished under the <a href="/wiki/Banham_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Banham Review">Banham Review</a>, which saw the borough council take over county-level functions, effectively restoring the council to the powers it had held when Reading was a county borough prior to 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of those reforms, the Local Government Commission had initially recommended expanding Reading's boundaries to include Earley, Tilehurst parish, Purley on Thames and the parts of the parishes of <a href="/wiki/Shinfield" title="Shinfield">Shinfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burghfield" title="Burghfield">Burghfield</a> and Theale north of the <a href="/wiki/M4_motorway" title="M4 motorway">M4 motorway</a>, but it was ultimately decided to leave Reading's boundaries unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reading's boundaries south of the Thames therefore have not changed since 1911, despite the urban area having now expanded well beyond the borough boundaries. Cross-boundary working between the borough council and the neighbouring councils which cover the suburban and adjoining rural areas is sometimes criticised, particularly over matters such as transport and school catchment areas.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hospitium_of_St_John_the_Baptist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hospitium_of_St_John_the_Baptist.jpg/220px-Hospitium_of_St_John_the_Baptist.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hospitium_of_St_John_the_Baptist.jpg/330px-Hospitium_of_St_John_the_Baptist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hospitium_of_St_John_the_Baptist.jpg/440px-Hospitium_of_St_John_the_Baptist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The former <a href="/wiki/Hospitium" title="Hospitium">hospitium</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_Town_Hall,_UK_-_20150707.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Reading_Town_Hall%2C_UK_-_20150707.jpg/220px-Reading_Town_Hall%2C_UK_-_20150707.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Reading_Town_Hall%2C_UK_-_20150707.jpg/330px-Reading_Town_Hall%2C_UK_-_20150707.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Reading_Town_Hall%2C_UK_-_20150707.jpg/440px-Reading_Town_Hall%2C_UK_-_20150707.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Reading_Town_Hall" title="Reading Town Hall">Reading Town Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to the 16th century, civic administration for the town of Reading was situated in the <i>Yield Hall</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Guildhall" title="Guildhall">guild hall</a> situated by the <a href="/wiki/River_Kennet" title="River Kennet">River Kennet</a> near today's Yield Hall Lane.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips198042_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips198042-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a brief stay in what later became <a href="/wiki/Greyfriars_Church,_Reading" title="Greyfriars Church, Reading">Greyfriars Church</a>, the town council created a new town hall by inserting an upper floor into the refectory of the <a href="/wiki/Hospitium_of_St_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospitium of St John">Hospitium of St John</a>, the former hospitium of <a href="/wiki/Reading_Abbey" title="Reading Abbey">Reading Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips198042_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips198042-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For some 400 years up to the 1970s, this was to remain the site of Reading's civic administration through the successive rebuilds that eventually created today's <a href="/wiki/Reading_Town_Hall" title="Reading Town Hall">Town Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips198088_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips198088-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, <a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council" title="Reading Borough Council">Reading Borough Council</a> moved to the new <a href="/wiki/Reading_Civic_Centre" title="Reading Civic Centre">Civic Centre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips1980168–9_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips1980168–9-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, they moved again to civic offices in a refurbished existing office building on <a href="/wiki/Bridge_Street,_Reading" title="Bridge Street, Reading">Bridge Street</a>, in order to facilitate the demolition and redevelopment of the previous site.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broad_Street,_Reading_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2864164.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Broad_Street%2C_Reading_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2864164.jpg/220px-Broad_Street%2C_Reading_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2864164.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Broad_Street%2C_Reading_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2864164.jpg/330px-Broad_Street%2C_Reading_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2864164.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Broad_Street%2C_Reading_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2864164.jpg/440px-Broad_Street%2C_Reading_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2864164.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Broad Street</figcaption></figure> <p>Reading is 42 miles (68 km) north of the English south coast. The centre of Reading is on a low ridge between the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Kennet" title="River Kennet">River Kennet</a>, close to their <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a>, reflecting the town's history as a river port. Just above the confluence, the Kennet cuts through a narrow steep-sided gap in the hills forming the southern flank of the Thames <a href="/wiki/Flood_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Flood plain">flood plain</a>. The Kennet, which naturally divided into multiple shallow streams through the centre of Reading, was embanked as part of the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Kennet_and_Avon_Canal" title="Kennet and Avon Canal">Kennet and Avon Canal</a> in the 18th century, allowing the development of <a href="/wiki/Wharf" title="Wharf">wharves</a>. The floodplains adjoining Reading's two rivers are subject to occasional flooding.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:337px"><div style="position:relative;width:335px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_United_Kingdom_Reading.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Reading, Berkshire is located in Reading, Berkshire"><img alt="Reading, Berkshire is located in Reading, Berkshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Location_map_United_Kingdom_Reading.png/335px-Location_map_United_Kingdom_Reading.png" decoding="async" width="335" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Location_map_United_Kingdom_Reading.png/503px-Location_map_United_Kingdom_Reading.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Location_map_United_Kingdom_Reading.png/670px-Location_map_United_Kingdom_Reading.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1019" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.914%;left:48.999%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Town centre"><img alt="Town centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div>Town centre</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.443%;left:12.378%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Beansheaf Farm"><img alt="Beansheaf Farm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Arrows_12x12_s.svg/8px-Arrows_12x12_s.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Arrows_12x12_s.svg/12px-Arrows_12x12_s.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Arrows_12x12_s.svg/16px-Arrows_12x12_s.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Beansheaf_Farm" title="Beansheaf Farm">Beansheaf Farm</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.69%;left:9.844%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Calcot"><img alt="Calcot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Arrows_12x12_e.svg/8px-Arrows_12x12_e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Arrows_12x12_e.svg/12px-Arrows_12x12_e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Arrows_12x12_e.svg/16px-Arrows_12x12_e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Calcot,_Berkshire" title="Calcot, Berkshire">Calcot</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.522%;left:48.189%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Caversham"><img alt="Caversham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Caversham,_Reading" title="Caversham, Reading">Caversham</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.7%;left:41.133%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Caversham Heights"><img alt="Caversham Heights" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Caversham_Heights" title="Caversham Heights">Caversham Heights</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.887%;left:60.153%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Caversham Park Village"><img alt="Caversham Park Village" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Caversham_Park_Village" title="Caversham Park Village">Caversham Park Village</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.361%;left:46.158%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Coley"><img alt="Coley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arrows_12x12_w.svg/8px-Arrows_12x12_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arrows_12x12_w.svg/12px-Arrows_12x12_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arrows_12x12_w.svg/16px-Arrows_12x12_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Coley,_Reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Coley, Reading">Coley</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.364%;left:38.893%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Coley Park"><img alt="Coley Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Arrows_12x12_n.svg/8px-Arrows_12x12_n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Arrows_12x12_n.svg/12px-Arrows_12x12_n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Arrows_12x12_n.svg/16px-Arrows_12x12_n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Coley_Park" title="Coley Park">Coley Park</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.564%;left:59.274%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East Reading"><img alt="East Reading" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/East_Reading" title="East Reading">East Reading</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.679%;left:51.324%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Emmer Green"><img alt="Emmer Green" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Emmer_Green" title="Emmer Green">Emmer Green</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.636%;left:22.355%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fords Farm"><img alt="Fords Farm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Arrows_12x12_n.svg/8px-Arrows_12x12_n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Arrows_12x12_n.svg/12px-Arrows_12x12_n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Arrows_12x12_n.svg/16px-Arrows_12x12_n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Fords_Farm" title="Fords Farm">Fords Farm</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:82.039%;left:39.617%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Green Park"><img alt="Green Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Green_Park,_Reading" title="Green Park, Reading">Green Park</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.506%;left:16.359%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Holybrook"><img alt="Holybrook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Arrows_12x12_n.svg/8px-Arrows_12x12_n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Arrows_12x12_n.svg/12px-Arrows_12x12_n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Arrows_12x12_n.svg/16px-Arrows_12x12_n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Holybrook" title="Holybrook">Holybrook</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.853%;left:22.026%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Horncastle"><img alt="Horncastle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Arrows_12x12_s.svg/8px-Arrows_12x12_s.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Arrows_12x12_s.svg/12px-Arrows_12x12_s.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Arrows_12x12_s.svg/16px-Arrows_12x12_s.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Horncastle,_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Horncastle, Berkshire">Horncastle</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.476%;left:51.06%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Katesgrove"><img alt="Katesgrove" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Katesgrove" title="Katesgrove">Katesgrove</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.234%;left:48.286%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kennet Island"><img alt="Kennet Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><span class="nowrap">Kennet Island</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.59%;left:7.75%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Little Heath"><img alt="Little Heath" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Little_Heath,_Berkshire" title="Little Heath, Berkshire">Little Heath</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.573%;left:55.892%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lower Caversham"><img alt="Lower Caversham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Caversham" title="Lower Caversham">Lower Caversham</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:82.374%;left:75.22%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lower Earley"><img alt="Lower Earley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Lower_Earley" title="Lower Earley">Lower Earley</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.707%;left:79.656%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Maiden Erlegh"><img alt="Maiden Erlegh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Maiden_Erlegh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maiden Erlegh">Maiden Erlegh</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.379%;left:61.471%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Newtown"><img alt="Newtown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arrows_12x12_w.svg/8px-Arrows_12x12_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arrows_12x12_w.svg/12px-Arrows_12x12_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arrows_12x12_w.svg/16px-Arrows_12x12_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Newtown,_Reading" title="Newtown, Reading">Newtown</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.467%;left:21.422%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Norcot"><img alt="Norcot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Norcot" title="Norcot">Norcot</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.982%;left:11.703%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Purley"><img alt="Purley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Purley_on_Thames" title="Purley on Thames">Purley</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:100.918%;left:62.334%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Shinfield"><img alt="Shinfield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Shinfield" title="Shinfield">Shinfield</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.653%;left:32.392%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Southcote"><img alt="Southcote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Arrows_12x12_s.svg/8px-Arrows_12x12_s.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Arrows_12x12_s.svg/12px-Arrows_12x12_s.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Arrows_12x12_s.svg/16px-Arrows_12x12_s.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Southcote,_Reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Southcote, Reading">Southcote</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.427%;left:11.33%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tilehurst"><img alt="Tilehurst" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Tilehurst" title="Tilehurst">Tilehurst</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.875%;left:37.835%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West Reading"><img alt="West Reading" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/West_Reading,_Berkshire" title="West Reading, Berkshire">West Reading</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:77.956%;left:54.939%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Whitley"><img alt="Whitley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Whitley,_Reading" title="Whitley, Reading">Whitley</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:91.366%;left:54.806%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Whitley Wood"><img alt="Whitley Wood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Whitley_Wood" title="Whitley Wood">Whitley Wood</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_United_Kingdom_Reading.png" title="File:Location map United Kingdom Reading.png">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Location of suburbs of Reading</div></div></div> <p>As Reading has grown, its suburbs have spread: to the west between the two rivers into the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Downs" title="Berkshire Downs">Berkshire Downs</a> as far as <a href="/wiki/Calcot,_Berkshire" title="Calcot, Berkshire">Calcot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tilehurst" title="Tilehurst">Tilehurst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Purley_on_Thames" title="Purley on Thames">Purley</a>; to the south and south-east on the south side of the <a href="/wiki/River_Kennet" title="River Kennet">River Kennet</a> as far as <a href="/wiki/Whitley_Wood" title="Whitley Wood">Whitley Wood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Earley" title="Lower Earley">Lower Earley</a> and as far north of the <a href="/wiki/Thames" class="mw-redirect" title="Thames">Thames</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Chiltern_Hills" title="Chiltern Hills">Chiltern Hills</a> as far as <a href="/wiki/Caversham_Heights" title="Caversham Heights">Caversham Heights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmer_Green" title="Emmer Green">Emmer Green</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caversham_Park_Village" title="Caversham Park Village">Caversham Park Village</a>. Outside the central area, the floors of the valleys containing the two rivers remain largely unimproved <a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">floodplain</a>. Apart from the <a href="/wiki/M4_motorway" title="M4 motorway">M4</a> curving to the south there is only one road across the Kennet flood plain. All other routes between the three built-up areas are in the central area.<sup id="cite_ref-oslr159_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oslr159-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like the rest of the United Kingdom, Reading has a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime climate">maritime climate</a>, with limited seasonal temperature ranges and generally moderate rainfall throughout the year. The nearest official <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a> weather station is located at the <a href="/wiki/Reading_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading University">Reading University</a> Atmospheric Observatory on the <a href="/wiki/Whiteknights_Park" title="Whiteknights Park">Whiteknights Campus</a>, which has recorded atmospheric measurements and meteorological observations since 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local absolute maximum temperature of 37.6 °C (99.7 °F) was recorded on 19 July 2022 and the local absolute minimum temperature of −14.5 °C (5.9 °F) was recorded in January 1982. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Reading_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading University">Reading University</a>, elevation: 62 m (203 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.6<br />(99.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.5<br />(5.9) </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.6<br />(11.1) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.3<br />(17.1) </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.4<br />(7.9) </td> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−14.5<br />(5.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.2<br />(2.57) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.6<br />(1.80) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.3<br />(1.59) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.7<br />(1.92) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.5<br />(1.71) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.2<br />(1.86) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.9<br />(1.93) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.9<br />(2.24) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.7<br />(1.96) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.8<br />(2.91) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.1<br />(2.88) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.4<br />(2.57) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">658.2<br />(25.91) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">113.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #656565; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.6 </td> <td style="background: #999999; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5 </td> <td style="background: #B6B660; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.7 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.2 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">199.9 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">199.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.5 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">190.5 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.3 </td> <td style="background: #B0B084; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.6 </td> <td style="background: #717171; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60.2 </td> <td style="background: #585858; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.5 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC39; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,577.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><sup id="cite_ref-Met_Averages_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Met_Averages-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WeatherAtlas<sup id="cite_ref-Weather-Atlas_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weather-Atlas-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Starlings Roost<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th> Reading </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.22em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">61</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.38em;height:1.16em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.54em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.88em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">2</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.824em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">41</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.34em;height:1.26em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.84em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">2</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.89em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">45</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.68em;height:1.48em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.16em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.18em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">3</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.96em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">48</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.94em;height:1.76em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">14</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.44em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">5</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.928em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">46</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.54em;height:1.86em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.04em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.892em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">45</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.12em;height:1.88em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">20</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.62em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.92em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">46</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.54em;height:1.94em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.48em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.04em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">13</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.046em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">52</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.5em;height:1.92em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.42em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">13</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.006em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">50</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.06em;height:1.74em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">19</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.56em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">10</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.436em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">72</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.52em;height:1.46em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.98em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">15</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.02em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.326em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">66</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.88em;height:1.26em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.14em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.38em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.258em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">63</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.44em;height:1.14em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.58em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.94em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">2</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.22em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.38em;height:1.16em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.54em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">46</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.88em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">35</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.824em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.34em;height:1.26em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">46</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.84em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">35</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.89em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.68em;height:1.48em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.16em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">51</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.18em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">38</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.96em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.9</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.94em;height:1.76em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">56</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.44em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">40</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.928em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.54em;height:1.86em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">63</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.04em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">46</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.892em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.12em;height:1.88em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">68</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.62em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">51</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.92em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.54em;height:1.94em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.48em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">72</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.04em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">55</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.046em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.5em;height:1.92em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.42em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">72</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">55</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.006em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.06em;height:1.74em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">66</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.56em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">51</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.436em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.52em;height:1.46em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.98em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">59</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.02em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">46</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.326em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.88em;height:1.26em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.14em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">51</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.38em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">40</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.258em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.5</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.44em;height:1.14em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.58em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">46</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.94em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">36</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_population_pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Reading_population_pyramid.svg/220px-Reading_population_pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Reading_population_pyramid.svg/330px-Reading_population_pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Reading_population_pyramid.svg/440px-Reading_population_pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2743" data-file-height="2163" /></a><figcaption>Population pyramid of Reading in 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Borough_of_Reading_population_growth.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Borough_of_Reading_population_growth.svg/220px-Borough_of_Reading_population_growth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Borough_of_Reading_population_growth.svg/330px-Borough_of_Reading_population_growth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Borough_of_Reading_population_growth.svg/440px-Borough_of_Reading_population_growth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Borough of Reading population growth rate from 1801 to 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>In mid-2018, the area covered by the Borough of Reading had 174,820 inhabitants and a population density of 4,327 per square kilometre (11,207/sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-popstats_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popstats-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Reading/Wokingham_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading/Wokingham Urban Area">wider urban area</a> had a population of 318,014 in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">2011 census</a>, ranking 23rd in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-BUA_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BUA-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This grew to an estimated 337,108 by mid-2018.<sup id="cite_ref-ReadingUA_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReadingUA-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2011 census, 74.8% of the borough's population were described as <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White</a> (65.3% <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">White British</a>), 9.1% as <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">South Asian</a>, 6.7% as <a href="/wiki/Black_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Black British">Black</a>, 3.9% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a>, 4.5% as <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">Chinese</a> and 0.9% as other <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ethstats_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethstats-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, it was reported that Reading had 150 different spoken languages within its population.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reading has a large Polish community, which dates back over 30 years,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in October 2006 the <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Chronicle" title="Reading Chronicle">Reading Chronicle</a></i> printed 5,000 copies of a Polish edition called the <i>Kronika Reading</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3">Ethnic Group </th> <th colspan="12">Year </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1971 estimations<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1981 estimations<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1991<sup id="cite_ref-:412_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:412-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2001<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<sup id="cite_ref-:36_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:36-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2021<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a>: Total </th> <th>123,700 </th> <th>94.9% </th> <th>119,084 </th> <th>92.3% </th> <th>116,652 </th> <th>90.5% </th> <th>124,240 </th> <th>86.8% </th> <th>116,387 </th> <th>74.7% </th> <th>116,886 </th> <th>67.2% </th></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">British</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>115,363 </td> <td>80.6% </td> <td>101,725 </td> <td>65.3% </td> <td>93,167 </td> <td>53.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/White_Irish" title="White Irish">Irish</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,866 </td> <td>2% </td> <td>2,269 </td> <td>1.5% </td> <td>2,040 </td> <td>1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/White_Gypsy_or_Irish_Traveller" class="mw-redirect" title="White Gypsy or Irish Traveller">Gypsy or Irish Traveller</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>90 </td> <td>– </td> <td>107 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: Roma </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>573 </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/Other_White" title="Other White">Other</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>6,011 </td> <td>4.2% </td> <td>12,303 </td> <td>7.9% </td> <td>20,999 </td> <td>12.1% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian or Asian British</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>5,920 </th> <th>4.6% </th> <th>8,478 </th> <th>5.9% </th> <th>21,161 </th> <th>13.6% </th> <th>30,841 </th> <th>17.7% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">Indian</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,748 </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>2,425 </td> <td>1.7% </td> <td>6,514 </td> <td>4.2% </td> <td>10,777 </td> <td>6.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">Pakistani</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,771 </td> <td>2.2% </td> <td>3,828 </td> <td>2.7% </td> <td>6,967 </td> <td>4.5% </td> <td>8,279 </td> <td>4.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshis" title="British Bangladeshis">Bangladeshi</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>214 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>359 </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>695 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>1,132 </td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">Chinese</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>497 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>1,030 </td> <td>0.7% </td> <td>1,603 </td> <td>1.0% </td> <td>2,694 </td> <td>1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: Other Asian </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>690 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>836 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>5,382 </td> <td>3.5% </td> <td>7,959 </td> <td>4.6% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black or Black British</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>5,196 </th> <th>4% </th> <th>5,931 </th> <th>4.1% </th> <th>10,470 </th> <th>6.7% </th> <th>12,532 </th> <th>7.2% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_people" title="British African-Caribbean people">African</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>764 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>2,222 </td> <td>1.6% </td> <td>6,087 </td> <td>3.9% </td> <td>7,665 </td> <td>4.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_people" title="British African-Caribbean people">Caribbean</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>3416 </td> <td>2.7% </td> <td>3,181 </td> <td>2.2% </td> <td>3,279 </td> <td>2.1% </td> <td>3,293 </td> <td>1.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_ethnicity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom">Other Black</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1016 </td> <td>0.8% </td> <td>528 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>1,104 </td> <td>0.7% </td> <td>1,574 </td> <td>0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed or British Mixed</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>3,399 </th> <th>2.4% </th> <th>6,180 </th> <th>4% </th> <th>8,962 </th> <th>5.1% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: White and Black Caribbean </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,677 </td> <td>1.2% </td> <td>2,718 </td> <td>1.7% </td> <td>3,555 </td> <td>2.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: White and Black African </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>317 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>802 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>1,249 </td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: White and Asian </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>734 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>1,428 </td> <td>0.9% </td> <td>2,117 </td> <td>1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: Other Mixed </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>671 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>1,232 </td> <td>0.8% </td> <td>2,041 </td> <td>1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Other: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>1,109 </th> <th>0.9% </th> <th>1,048 </th> <th>0.7% </th> <th>1,500 </th> <th>1% </th> <th>5,002 </th> <th>2.8% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Other: Arab </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>680 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>1,282 </td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other: Any other ethnic group </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,109 </td> <td>0.9% </td> <td>1,048 </td> <td>0.7% </td> <td>820 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>3,720 </td> <td>2.1% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ethnic minority: Total </th> <th>6,586 </th> <th>5.1% </th> <th>9,980 </th> <th>7.7% </th> <th>12,225 </th> <th>9.5% </th> <th>18,856 </th> <th>13.2% </th> <th>39,311 </th> <th>25.3% </th> <th>57,337 </th> <th>32.8% </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th>130,286 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>129,064 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>128,877 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>143,096 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>155,698 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>174,223 </th> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Religion </th> <th colspan="2">2001<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2021<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg/20px-Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg/30px-Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg/40px-Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> </td> <td align="right">89,618 </td> <td align="right">62.6 </td> <td align="right">77,848 </td> <td align="right">50.0 </td> <td>68,987 </td> <td>39.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/20px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/30px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/40px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> </td> <td align="right">688 </td> <td align="right">0.5 </td> <td align="right">1,876 </td> <td align="right">1.2 </td> <td>2,887 </td> <td>1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/20px-Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/31px-Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/40px-Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> </td> <td align="right">1,417 </td> <td align="right">1.0 </td> <td align="right">5,661 </td> <td align="right">3.6 </td> <td>8,757 </td> <td>5.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/20px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/40px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> </td> <td align="right">415 </td> <td align="right">0.3 </td> <td align="right">355 </td> <td align="right">0.2 </td> <td>329 </td> <td>0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/20px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/30px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/40px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> </td> <td align="right">5,730 </td> <td align="right">4.0 </td> <td align="right">11,007 </td> <td align="right">7.1 </td> <td>15,481 </td> <td>8.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/19px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/29px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/39px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a> </td> <td align="right">781 </td> <td align="right">0.5 </td> <td align="right">947 </td> <td align="right">0.6 </td> <td>1,194 </td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other religion </td> <td align="right">518 </td> <td align="right">0.4 </td> <td align="right">701 </td> <td align="right">0.5 </td> <td>1,241 </td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a> </td> <td align="right">31,486 </td> <td align="right">22.0 </td> <td align="right">45,931 </td> <td align="right">29.5 </td> <td>63,287 </td> <td>36.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Religion not stated </td> <td align="right">12,443 </td> <td align="right">8.7 </td> <td align="right">11,372 </td> <td align="right">7.3 </td> <td>12,062 </td> <td>6.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th align="right">143,096 </th> <th align="right">100.0 </th> <th align="right">155,698 </th> <th align="right">100.0 </th> <th>174,226 </th> <th>100.00 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Reading,_Berkshire" title="Economy of Reading, Berkshire">Economy of Reading, Berkshire</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_International_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_182264.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Reading_International_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_182264.jpg/220px-Reading_International_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_182264.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Reading_International_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_182264.jpg/330px-Reading_International_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_182264.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Reading_International_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_182264.jpg/440px-Reading_International_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_182264.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Reading International Business Park. This crescent of offices beside the A33 is home to <a href="/wiki/Verizon" title="Verizon">Verizon</a>, a telecommunications company, and was formerly the European headquarters of <a href="/wiki/WorldCom" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCom">WorldCom</a> before its demise</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Lewis_Reading_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/John_Lewis_Reading_1.jpg/220px-John_Lewis_Reading_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/John_Lewis_Reading_1.jpg/330px-John_Lewis_Reading_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/John_Lewis_Reading_1.jpg/440px-John_Lewis_Reading_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1591" data-file-height="1389" /></a><figcaption>The front of the store on Broad Street</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GreenPark_Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/GreenPark_Lake.jpg/220px-GreenPark_Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/GreenPark_Lake.jpg/330px-GreenPark_Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/GreenPark_Lake.jpg/440px-GreenPark_Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The central lake makes a virtue of the necessity of flood alleviation measures</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pond_%26_Turbine,_Green_Park_(geograph_4689804).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pond_%26_Turbine%2C_Green_Park_%28geograph_4689804%29.jpg/220px-Pond_%26_Turbine%2C_Green_Park_%28geograph_4689804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pond_%26_Turbine%2C_Green_Park_%28geograph_4689804%29.jpg/330px-Pond_%26_Turbine%2C_Green_Park_%28geograph_4689804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pond_%26_Turbine%2C_Green_Park_%28geograph_4689804%29.jpg/440px-Pond_%26_Turbine%2C_Green_Park_%28geograph_4689804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption>Green Park wind turbine viewed from Lime Square</figcaption></figure> <p>Reading is a commercial centre in the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Valley" title="Thames Valley">Thames Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_England" title="Southern England">Southern England</a>. The town hosts the headquarters of several British companies and the United Kingdom offices of foreign multinationals, as well as being a major retail centre.<sup id="cite_ref-tvccctv_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvccctv-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whilst located close enough to London to be sometimes regarded as part of the <a href="/wiki/London_commuter_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="London commuter belt">London commuter belt</a>, Reading is a net inward destination for commuters. During the morning peak period, there are some 30,000 inward arrivals in the town, compared to 24,000 departures.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major companies <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a><sup id="cite_ref-tvp_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvp-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Hibu" title="Hibu">Hibu</a> (formerly Yell Group)<sup id="cite_ref-citystatusbid_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citystatusbid-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have their headquarters in Reading. The insurance company <a href="/wiki/Prudential_plc" title="Prudential plc">Prudential</a> has an administration centre in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a><sup id="cite_ref-arlington_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arlington-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Company" title="Wrigley Company">Wrigley</a><sup id="cite_ref-arlington_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arlington-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have offices. </p><p>Global pharmaceutical giant <a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a> Life Sciences relocated to Reading's <a href="/wiki/Green_Park_Business_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Park Business Park">Green Park Business Park</a> in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reading has a significant historical involvement in the information technology industry, largely as a result of the early presence in the town of sites of <a href="/wiki/International_Computers_Limited" title="International Computers Limited">International Computers Limited</a><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other technology companies with a significant presence in the town include <a href="/wiki/Huawei_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei Technologies">Huawei Technologies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pegasystems" title="Pegasystems">Pegasystems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Access_IS" title="Access IS">Access IS</a>, <a href="/wiki/CGI_Inc." title="CGI Inc.">CGI Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agilent_Technologies" title="Agilent Technologies">Agilent Technologies</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Systems">Cisco</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-greenpark_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenpark-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NortonLifeLock" class="mw-redirect" title="NortonLifeLock">Symantec</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-greenpark_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenpark-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Verizon_Business" title="Verizon Business">Verizon Business</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Commvault" title="Commvault">Commvault</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These companies are distributed around Reading or just outside the borough boundary, some in <a href="/wiki/Business_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="Business parks">business parks</a> including <a href="/wiki/Thames_Valley_Park" title="Thames Valley Park">Thames Valley Park</a> in nearby Earley, Green Park Business Park and <a href="/wiki/Arlington_Business_Park" title="Arlington Business Park">Arlington Business Park</a>. </p><p>Reading town centre is a major shopping centre. In 2007, an independent poll placed Reading 16th in a league table of best performing retail centres in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-rbcrls_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbcrls-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main shopping street is <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street,_Reading" title="Broad Street, Reading">Broad Street</a>, which runs between <a href="/wiki/The_Oracle,_Reading" title="The Oracle, Reading">The Oracle</a> in the east and <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_Mall,_Reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad Street Mall, Reading">Broad Street Mall</a> in the west and was pedestrianised in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-bcllegal_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcllegal-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The smaller Friars Walk in <a href="/wiki/Friar_Street,_Reading" title="Friar Street, Reading">Friar Street</a> is closed and will be demolished if the proposed <a href="/wiki/Station_Hill_development,_Reading" title="Station Hill development, Reading">Station Hill redevelopment project</a> goes ahead.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are three major <a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">department stores</a> in Reading: <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_%26_Partners" title="John Lewis & Partners">John Lewis & Partners</a> (known as <i><a href="/wiki/Heelas_of_Reading" title="Heelas of Reading">Heelas</a></i> until 2001),<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Debenhams" title="Debenhams">Debenhams</a> (now closed down), and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Fraser" title="House of Fraser">House of Fraser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_Independent_Chapel,_Reading" title="Broad Street Independent Chapel, Reading">Broad Street branch</a> of bookseller <a href="/wiki/Waterstone%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterstone's">Waterstone's</a> is a conversion of a <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">nonconformist</a> chapel dating from 1707.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides the two major shopping malls, Reading has three smaller shopping arcades, the Bristol and West Arcade, Harris Arcade and The Walk, which contain smaller specialist stores. An older form of retail facility is represented by <a href="/wiki/Union_Street,_Reading" title="Union Street, Reading">Union Street</a>, popularly known as <i>Smelly Alley</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESowan2004_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESowan2004-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reading has no indoor market, but there is a <a href="/wiki/Street_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Street market">street market</a> in Hosier Street.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_market" title="Farmers' market">farmers' market</a> operates on two Saturdays a month.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old Victorian <a href="/wiki/Corn_Exchange,_Reading" title="Corn Exchange, Reading">Corn Exchange</a> now provides an alternative access to a shopping centre.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_Festival_2007,_bird%27s_eye_view_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Reading_Festival_2007%2C_bird%27s_eye_view_2.jpg/220px-Reading_Festival_2007%2C_bird%27s_eye_view_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Reading_Festival_2007%2C_bird%27s_eye_view_2.jpg/330px-Reading_Festival_2007%2C_bird%27s_eye_view_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Reading_Festival_2007%2C_bird%27s_eye_view_2.jpg/440px-Reading_Festival_2007%2C_bird%27s_eye_view_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Reading_and_Leeds_Festivals" title="Reading and Leeds Festivals">Reading Festival</a> 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_Abbey_Inner_Gatehouse,_The_Forbury_-_geograph.org.uk_-_397564.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Reading_Abbey_Inner_Gatehouse%2C_The_Forbury_-_geograph.org.uk_-_397564.jpg/220px-Reading_Abbey_Inner_Gatehouse%2C_The_Forbury_-_geograph.org.uk_-_397564.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Reading_Abbey_Inner_Gatehouse%2C_The_Forbury_-_geograph.org.uk_-_397564.jpg/330px-Reading_Abbey_Inner_Gatehouse%2C_The_Forbury_-_geograph.org.uk_-_397564.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Reading_Abbey_Inner_Gatehouse%2C_The_Forbury_-_geograph.org.uk_-_397564.jpg/440px-Reading_Abbey_Inner_Gatehouse%2C_The_Forbury_-_geograph.org.uk_-_397564.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Gateway,_Reading" title="Abbey Gateway, Reading">Abbey Gateway</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a> went to school</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forbury_Gardens,_Reading.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Forbury_Gardens%2C_Reading.jpg/220px-Forbury_Gardens%2C_Reading.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Forbury_Gardens%2C_Reading.jpg/330px-Forbury_Gardens%2C_Reading.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Forbury_Gardens%2C_Reading.jpg/440px-Forbury_Gardens%2C_Reading.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Maiwand_Lion" title="Maiwand Lion">Maiwand Lion</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Forbury_Gardens" title="Forbury Gardens">Forbury Gardens</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Every year Reading hosts the <a href="/wiki/Reading_and_Leeds_Festivals" title="Reading and Leeds Festivals">Reading Festival</a>, which has been running since 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The festival takes place on the Friday, Saturday and Sunday of the August <a href="/wiki/Bank_holiday" title="Bank holiday">bank holiday</a> weekend and is the largest of its kind in the United Kingdom aside from the <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Festival" title="Glastonbury Festival">Glastonbury Festival</a>. Reading Festival takes place at Little Johns Farm in Reading, Richfield Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For some twenty years until 2006, Reading was also known for its <a href="/wiki/WOMAD_Charlton_Park" title="WOMAD Charlton Park">WOMAD Festival</a> until it moved to <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Park,_Wiltshire" title="Charlton Park, Wiltshire">Charlton Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malmesbury" title="Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Reading <a href="/wiki/Beer_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer Festival">Beer Festival</a> was first held in 1994<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has now grown to one of the largest beer festivals in the United Kingdom. It is held at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Meadow,_Reading" title="King's Meadow, Reading">King's Meadow</a> for the five days immediately preceding the <a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Day</a> bank holiday every year.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reading also holds <a href="/wiki/Reading_Pride" title="Reading Pride">Reading Pride</a>, an annual <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> festival in Kings Meadow. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Frank_Matcham" title="Frank Matcham">Frank Matcham</a>-designed Royal County Theatre, built in 1895, was located on the south side of Friar Street. It burned down in 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the <a href="/wiki/Town_hall" title="Town hall">town hall</a> is a 700-seat <a href="/wiki/Concert_hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Concert hall">concert hall</a> that houses a <a href="/wiki/Henry_Willis_%26_Sons" title="Henry Willis & Sons">Father Willis</a> organ.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reading <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a> venues include <a href="/wiki/The_Hexagon" title="The Hexagon">The Hexagon</a> and South Street Arts Centre.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reading Repertory Theatre is based at <a href="/wiki/Reading_College" title="Reading College">Reading College</a>: its Royal Patron is <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amateur theatre venues in Reading include <a href="/wiki/Progress_Theatre" title="Progress Theatre">Progress Theatre</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a self-governing, self-funding theatre group and registered charity founded in 1947 that operates and maintains its own 97-seat theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabble Theatre<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Caversham and Reading Rep<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on London Road offer classic and contemporary performances. Jelly<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an artist-led organisation that has been committed to improving access to the arts since 1993. The demonym for a person from Reading is <i>Redingensian</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWykes197013_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWykes197013-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> giving the name of the local rugby team <a href="/wiki/Redingensians_R.F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Redingensians R.F.C.">Redingensians</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Sonning" title="Sonning">Sonning</a>, and of former members of <a href="/wiki/Reading_School" title="Reading School">Reading School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-old-redingensians_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-redingensians-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a> attended Reading Ladies <a href="/wiki/Boarding_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Boarding School">Boarding School</a>, based in the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Gateway,_Reading" title="Abbey Gateway, Reading">Abbey Gateway</a>, in 1784–1786.<sup id="cite_ref-rbhja_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbhja-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Russell_Mitford" title="Mary Russell Mitford">Mary Russell Mitford</a> lived in Reading for a number of years and then spent the rest of her life just outside the town at <a href="/wiki/Three_Mile_Cross" title="Three Mile Cross">Three Mile Cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swallowfield" title="Swallowfield">Swallowfield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rbhmrm_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbhmrm-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fictional <i><a href="/wiki/Belford_Regis" title="Belford Regis">Belford Regis</a></i> of her eponymous novel,<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> first published in 1835, is largely based on Reading. Described with <a href="/wiki/Topographical" class="mw-redirect" title="Topographical">topographical</a> accuracy, it is still possible to follow the steps of the novel's characters in present-day Reading. Reading also appears in the works of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Thomas Hardy</a> where it is called 'Aldbrickham'.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardy1999_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardy1999-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It features most heavily in his final novel, <a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Obscure" title="Jude the Obscure">Jude the Obscure</a>, as the temporary home of Jude Fawley and Sue Bridehead. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a> was imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Reading_(HM_Prison)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading (HM Prison)">Reading Gaol</a> from 1895 to 1897. While there, he wrote his letter <a href="/wiki/De_Profundis_(letter)" title="De Profundis (letter)"><i>De Profundis</i></a>. After his release, he lived in exile in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and wrote <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Reading_Gaol" title="The Ballad of Reading Gaol">The Ballad of Reading Gaol</a></i>, based on his experience of the execution of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomas_Wooldridge" title="Charles Thomas Wooldridge">Charles Wooldridge</a>, carried out in Reading Gaol whilst he was imprisoned there.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2021, street artist <a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a> claimed responsibility for a painting on the wall of the jail. It depicted an inmate escaping with bedsheets and a typewriter, said to resemble <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reading was the location of the world's first commercial studio for photograph printing, which was set up by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fox_Talbot" title="Henry Fox Talbot">William Henry Fox Talbot</a> in 1844.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ricky_Gervais" title="Ricky Gervais">Ricky Gervais</a>, who is from Reading, made the film <i><a href="/wiki/Cemetery_Junction_(film)" title="Cemetery Junction (film)">Cemetery Junction</a></i>, which, although filmed elsewhere in the United Kingdom, is set in 1970s Reading and is named after <a href="/wiki/Cemetery_Junction,_Reading" title="Cemetery Junction, Reading">a busy junction</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Reading" title="East Reading">East Reading</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jasper_Fforde" title="Jasper Fforde">Jasper Fforde</a>'s Nursery Crimes Division novels, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Over_Easy" title="The Big Over Easy">The Big Over Easy</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fourth_Bear" title="The Fourth Bear">The Fourth Bear</a></i>, are also placed in Reading. The <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a> sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_People_(British_TV_series)" title="Beautiful People (British TV series)">Beautiful People</a></i>, based on the memoirs of <a href="/wiki/Simon_Doonan" title="Simon Doonan">Simon Doonan</a>, is set in Reading in the late 1990s. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Planet" title="Heavenly Planet">Heavenly Planet</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Maiwand_Lion" title="Maiwand Lion">Maiwand Lion</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Forbury_Gardens" title="Forbury Gardens">Forbury Gardens</a>, an unofficial symbol of Reading, commemorates the 328 officers of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Berkshire_Regiment" title="Royal Berkshire Regiment">Royal Berkshire Regiment</a> who died in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maiwand" title="Battle of Maiwand">Battle of Maiwand</a> in 1880.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips1980135_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips1980135-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a number of other works of public art in Reading. <a href="/wiki/The_Blade_Reading" class="mw-redirect" title="The Blade Reading">The Blade</a>, a fourteen-storey building completed in 2009, is 86 m (282 ft) tall and can be seen from the surrounding area.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jacksons Corner with its prominent sign, former home<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Jacksons_(department_store)" title="Jacksons (department store)">Jacksons</a> department store, occupies the corner of Kings Road and High Street, just south of the Market Place. Reading has six <a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings" class="mw-redirect" title="Listed buildings">Grade I</a> listed buildings, 22 Grade II* and 853 Grade II buildings, in a wide variety of architectural styles that range from the medieval to the 21st century. The Grade I listed buildings are <a href="/wiki/Reading_Abbey" title="Reading Abbey">Reading Abbey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Gateway,_Reading" title="Abbey Gateway, Reading">Abbey Gateway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greyfriars_Church,_Reading" title="Greyfriars Church, Reading">Greyfriars Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Laurence%27s_Church,_Reading" title="St Laurence's Church, Reading">St Laurence's Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reading_Minster" title="Reading Minster">Reading Minster</a>, and the barn at Chazey Farmhouse on the Warren.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reading has a local newspaper, the <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Chronicle" title="Reading Chronicle">Reading Chronicle</a></i>, published on Thursdays. The town's other local newspaper, the <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Post" title="Reading Post">Reading Post</a></i>, ceased publication on paper in December 2014, in order to transition to an online only format under the title <i>getreading</i>. As of 2018, <i>getreading</i> joined the InYourArea local news network.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A local publishing company, the <a href="/wiki/Two_Rivers_Press" title="Two Rivers Press">Two Rivers Press</a>, has published over 70 book titles, many on the topic of local history and art.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three local radio stations broadcast from Reading: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Berkshire" title="BBC Radio Berkshire">BBC Radio Berkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart_South" title="Heart South">Heart South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_South" title="Greatest Hits Radio South">Greatest Hits Radio Berkshire and North Hampshire</a>. Local news and television programmes are provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_South" title="BBC South">BBC South</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Meridian" title="ITV Meridian">ITV Meridian</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_London" title="BBC London">BBC London</a> & <a href="/wiki/ITV_London" title="ITV London">ITV London</a> can also be received. Reading has one local television station, <a href="/wiki/That%27s_Thames_Valley" title="That's Thames Valley">That's Thames Valley</a>, which broadcasts local news throughout the Greater Reading area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_services">Public services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Public services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Berkshire_Hospital_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Royal_Berkshire_Hospital_3.jpg/220px-Royal_Berkshire_Hospital_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Royal_Berkshire_Hospital_3.jpg/330px-Royal_Berkshire_Hospital_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Royal_Berkshire_Hospital_3.jpg/440px-Royal_Berkshire_Hospital_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1362" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Berkshire_Hospital" title="Royal Berkshire Hospital">Royal Berkshire Hospital</a> original frontage, built in 1839 with <a href="/wiki/Bath_stone" title="Bath stone">bath stone</a><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_open_spaces">Parks and open spaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Parks and open spaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reading has over 100 parks and playgrounds, including 5 miles (8 km) of riverside paths. In the town centre is <a href="/wiki/Forbury_Gardens" title="Forbury Gardens">Forbury Gardens</a>, a public park built on the site of the outer court of <a href="/wiki/Reading_Abbey" title="Reading Abbey">Reading Abbey</a>. The largest public park in Reading is <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park,_Reading" title="Prospect Park, Reading">Prospect Park</a>, an estate in west Reading previously owned by Frances Kendrick but acquired by Reading Corporation in 1901. This is complemented by <a href="/wiki/Palmer_Park,_Reading" title="Palmer Park, Reading">Palmer Park</a>, a purpose built public park in east Reading gifted to the town by the proprietors of <a href="/wiki/Huntley_%26_Palmers" title="Huntley & Palmers">Huntley & Palmers</a> in 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips1980141_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips1980141-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A string of open spaces stretch along one or other side of the River Thames throughout its passage through Reading. From west to east these are <a href="/wiki/Thameside_Promenade" title="Thameside Promenade">Thameside Promenade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caversham_Court" title="Caversham Court">Caversham Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Meadows,_Reading" title="Christchurch Meadows, Reading">Christchurch Meadows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hills_Meadow" title="Hills Meadow">Hills Meadow</a>, <a href="/wiki/View_Island" title="View Island">View Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Meadow,_Reading" title="King's Meadow, Reading">King's Meadow</a>. Reading also has five <a href="/wiki/Local_nature_reserve" title="Local nature reserve">local nature reserves</a>: <a href="/wiki/Clayfield_Copse" title="Clayfield Copse">Clayfield Copse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Caversham,_Reading" title="Caversham, Reading">Caversham</a>, with the other four <a href="/wiki/McIlroy_Park" title="McIlroy Park">McIlroy Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blundells_Copse" title="Blundells Copse">Blundells Copse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lousehill_Copse" title="Lousehill Copse">Lousehill Copse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Round_Copse" title="Round Copse">Round Copse</a> all in <a href="/wiki/Tilehurst" title="Tilehurst">Tilehurst</a><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The principal <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> (NHS) hospital in Reading is the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Berkshire_Hospital" title="Royal Berkshire Hospital">Royal Berkshire Hospital</a>, founded in 1839 and much enlarged and rebuilt since.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second major NHS <a href="/wiki/General_hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="General hospital">general hospital</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_Hospital" title="Battle Hospital">Battle Hospital</a>, closed in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-bhhist_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bhhist-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Healthcare_NHS_Foundation_Trust" title="Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust">Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust</a> runs a NHS hospital, Prospect Park Hospital, which specialises in the provision of care for people with mental health and learning disabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-pphosp_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pphosp-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reading has three private hospitals: the Berkshire Independent Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Coley_Park" title="Coley Park">Coley Park</a>, the Dunedin Hospital situated on the main <a href="/wiki/A4_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A4 road (Great Britain)">A4</a> <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a> Road, and the <a href="/wiki/Circle_(healthcare_partnership)" class="mw-redirect" title="Circle (healthcare partnership)">Circle Hospital</a> at Kennet Island.<sup id="cite_ref-caprh_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caprh-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilities">Utilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Utilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mains water and sewerage services are provided by <a href="/wiki/Thames_Water" title="Thames Water">Thames Water Utilities Limited</a>, a private sector water supply company, whilst water abstraction and disposal is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Environment_Agency" title="Environment Agency">Environment Agency</a>. Reading's water supply is largely derived from underground <a href="/wiki/Aquifers" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquifers">aquifers</a>, and as a consequence the water is <a href="/wiki/Hard_water" title="Hard water">hard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wateruk_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wateruk-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eawr_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eawr-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eawq_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eawq-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The commercial energy supplier for electricity and gas is at the consumer's choice. <a href="/wiki/SSEN" class="mw-redirect" title="SSEN">SSEN</a> runs the local electricity distribution network, while <a href="/wiki/SGN_(company)" title="SGN (company)">SGN</a> runs the gas distribution network. A notable part of the local energy infrastructure is the presence of a 2 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">megawatt</a> (peak) <a href="/wiki/Enercon" title="Enercon">Enercon</a> <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Green_Park_Business_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Park Business Park">Green Park Business Park</a>, with the potential to produce 2.7 million <a href="/wiki/KWh" class="mw-redirect" title="KWh">kWh</a> of electricity a year, enough to power over a thousand homes.<sup id="cite_ref-ecotricity_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecotricity-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Reading_Hydro" title="Reading Hydro">Reading Hydro</a> runs a <a href="/wiki/Micro_hydro" title="Micro hydro">micro hydroelectric power station</a> on the Thames. Reading had its own <a href="/wiki/Reading_power_station_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading power station UK">power station</a> in Vastern Road from 1895 to the 1960s. The power station was initially owned and operated by the Reading Electric Supply Company Limited, then from 1933 by the Reading Corporation until the nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">dialling code</a> for fixed-line telephones in Reading is 0118. <a href="/wiki/BT_Group_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="BT Group plc">BT</a> provides fixed-line telephone coverage throughout the town and <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_Digital_Subscriber_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line">ADSL</a> <a href="/wiki/Broadband_Internet_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadband Internet access">broadband internet</a> connection to most areas. Parts of Reading are cabled by <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a>, supplying cable television, telephone and broadband internet connections. <a href="/wiki/Hyperoptic" title="Hyperoptic">Hyperoptic</a> also has a presence in the town, supplying Fibre-to-the-Premises (<a href="/wiki/FTTP" class="mw-redirect" title="FTTP">FTTP</a>) broadband internet connections at speeds of up to 1 Gbit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Reading" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools in Reading">List of schools in Reading</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_University_of_Reading.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_University_of_Reading.jpg/220px-The_University_of_Reading.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_University_of_Reading.jpg/330px-The_University_of_Reading.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_University_of_Reading.jpg/440px-The_University_of_Reading.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Part of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a>'s main <a href="/wiki/Whiteknights_Park" title="Whiteknights Park">Whiteknights Campus</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_English_Rural_Life_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Museum_of_English_Rural_Life_2.jpg/220px-Museum_of_English_Rural_Life_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Museum_of_English_Rural_Life_2.jpg/330px-Museum_of_English_Rural_Life_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Museum_of_English_Rural_Life_2.jpg/440px-Museum_of_English_Rural_Life_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The Museum of English Rural Life's rear garden, with the original East Thorpe House in the centre</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Reading_School" title="Reading School">Reading School</a>, founded in 1125,<sup id="cite_ref-old-redingensians_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old-redingensians-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the 16th oldest school in England.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are six other <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">state</a> <a href="/wiki/Secondary_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary schools">secondary schools</a> and 38 state <a href="/wiki/Primary_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary schools">primary schools</a> within the borough, together with a number of private and <a href="/wiki/Independent_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent schools">independent schools</a> and nurseries.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alfred Sutton Boys' School closed in the mid-1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Reading_College" title="Reading College">Reading College</a> has provided <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further education</a> in Reading since 1955, with over 8,500 local learners on over 900 courses.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English language schools in Reading include Gateway Languages, the English Language Centre, ELC London Street and <a href="/wiki/Eurospeak_Language_School" title="Eurospeak Language School">Eurospeak Language School</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a> was established in 1892 as an affiliate of <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It moved to its <a href="/wiki/London_Road_Campus" title="London Road Campus">London Road Campus</a> in 1904 and to its new <a href="/wiki/Whiteknights_Park" title="Whiteknights Park">Whiteknights Campus</a> in 1947. It took over the Bulmershe College of <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Education">Higher Education</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Teacher_training_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Teacher training college">teacher training college</a>, in 1989, becoming <a href="/wiki/Bulmershe_Court" title="Bulmershe Court">Bulmershe Court Campus</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Henley_Business_School" title="Henley Business School">Henley Management College</a>, situated in <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a> and about 10 miles (16 km) from Reading, was taken over in 2008, becoming <a href="/wiki/Greenlands_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenlands Campus">Greenlands Campus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_West_London" title="University of West London">University of West London</a> maintains a presence in the town for its higher education students, principally in <a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">nursing</a>, but has now divested itself of its previous ownership of <a href="/wiki/Reading_College" title="Reading College">Reading College</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further education</a> students.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries_and_museums">Libraries and museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Libraries and museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Libraries" title="Reading Borough Libraries">Reading Borough Libraries</a> service dates back to 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips1980135_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips1980135-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially housed in <a href="/wiki/Reading_Town_Hall" title="Reading Town Hall">Reading Town Hall</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Reading_Central_Library" title="Reading Central Library">central branch of the library</a> was relocated to a new building on King's Road in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Reading_Museum" title="Reading Museum">Reading Museum</a><sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> opened in 1883 in the town's <a href="/wiki/Reading_Town_Hall" title="Reading Town Hall">municipal buildings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips1980135_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips1980135-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contains galleries relating to the history of Reading and to the excavations of <a href="/wiki/Calleva_Atrebatum" title="Calleva Atrebatum">Calleva Atrebatum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips1980177_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips1980177-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> together with a full-size <a href="/wiki/Bowdlerised" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowdlerised">bowdlerised</a> replica of the <a href="/wiki/Bayeux_Tapestry" title="Bayeux Tapestry">Bayeux Tapestry</a>, an art collection, and galleries relating to <a href="/wiki/Huntley_%26_Palmers" title="Huntley & Palmers">Huntley and Palmers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_English_Rural_Life" title="Museum of English Rural Life">Museum of English Rural Life</a>, in <a href="/wiki/East_Reading" title="East Reading">East Reading</a>, is a museum dedicated to recording the changing face of farming and the countryside in England. It houses <a href="/wiki/Designation_Scheme" title="Designation Scheme">designated collections</a> of national importance. It is owned and run by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a>, as are the <a href="/wiki/Ure_Museum_of_Greek_Archaeology" title="Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology">Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cole_Museum_of_Zoology" title="Cole Museum of Zoology">Cole Museum of Zoology</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Harris_Garden" title="Harris Garden">Harris Botanic Gardens</a>, all of which can be found on the university's <a href="/wiki/Whiteknights_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Whiteknights Campus">Whiteknights Campus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcopen_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcopen-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-merlabout_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merlabout-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The small <a href="/wiki/Riverside_Museum_at_Blake%27s_Lock" title="Riverside Museum at Blake's Lock">Riverside Museum at Blake's Lock</a> tells the story of Reading's two rivers. The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Berkshire_Aviation" title="Museum of Berkshire Aviation">Museum of Berkshire Aviation</a> has a collection of aircraft and other artefacts relating to the aircraft industry in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Reading,_Berkshire" title="Transport in Reading, Berkshire">Transport in Reading, Berkshire</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FrysIsland01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/FrysIsland01.JPG/220px-FrysIsland01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/FrysIsland01.JPG/330px-FrysIsland01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/FrysIsland01.JPG/440px-FrysIsland01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="1085" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> from <a href="/wiki/Caversham_Bridge" title="Caversham Bridge">Caversham Bridge</a> looking eastwards</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_Station_drone_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Reading_Station_drone_view.jpg/220px-Reading_Station_drone_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Reading_Station_drone_view.jpg/330px-Reading_Station_drone_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Reading_Station_drone_view.jpg/440px-Reading_Station_drone_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Reading_railway_station" title="Reading railway station">Reading station</a> in October 2023</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_-_GWR_800026%2B800024_up_service.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Reading_-_GWR_800026%2B800024_up_service.JPG/220px-Reading_-_GWR_800026%2B800024_up_service.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Reading_-_GWR_800026%2B800024_up_service.JPG/330px-Reading_-_GWR_800026%2B800024_up_service.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Reading_-_GWR_800026%2B800024_up_service.JPG/440px-Reading_-_GWR_800026%2B800024_up_service.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway_(train_operating_company)" title="Great Western Railway (train operating company)">Great Western Railway</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_800" title="British Rail Class 800">Class 800</a> with a service to London</figcaption></figure> <p>Reading's location in the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Valley" title="Thames Valley">Thames Valley</a> to the west of London has made the town a significant element in the nation's transport system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="River">River</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: River"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town grew up as a river port at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> and the <a href="/wiki/River_Kennet" title="River Kennet">River Kennet</a>. Both of these rivers are navigable, and <a href="/wiki/Caversham_Lock" title="Caversham Lock">Caversham Lock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blake%27s_Lock" title="Blake's Lock">Blake's Lock</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Lock" title="County Lock">County Lock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fobney_Lock" title="Fobney Lock">Fobney Lock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southcote_Lock" title="Southcote Lock">Southcote Lock</a> are all within the borough. Today, navigation is predominantly for purposes of leisure: private and hire boats dominate traffic, while scheduled boat services operate on the Thames from <a href="/wiki/Wharves" class="mw-redirect" title="Wharves">wharves</a> on the Reading side of the river near <a href="/wiki/Caversham_Bridge" title="Caversham Bridge">Caversham Bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-salters_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salters-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-boatserv_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boatserv-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reading was a major staging point on the <a href="/wiki/A4_road_(England)" title="A4 road (England)">old Bath Road (A4)</a> from London to <a href="/wiki/Avonmouth" title="Avonmouth">Avonmouth</a> near Bristol. This road still carries local traffic, but has now been replaced for long-distance traffic by the <a href="/wiki/M4_motorway" title="M4 motorway">M4 motorway</a>, which closely skirts the borough and serves it with three junctions, J10-J12. Other main roads serving Reading include the <a href="/wiki/A33_road" title="A33 road">A33</a>, A327, <a href="/wiki/A329_road" title="A329 road">A329</a>, <a href="/wiki/A4074_road" title="A4074 road">A4074</a> and A4155. Within Reading there is the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Distribution_Road" title="Inner Distribution Road">Inner Distribution Road</a> (IDR), a ring road for local traffic. The IDR is linked with the M4 by the A33 <a href="/wiki/Bypass_(road)" title="Bypass (road)">relief road</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Thames" class="mw-redirect" title="Thames">Thames</a> is crossed by both <a href="/wiki/Reading_Bridge" title="Reading Bridge">Reading</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caversham_Bridge" title="Caversham Bridge">Caversham</a> road bridges, while several road bridges cross the Kennet, the oldest surviving one of which is <a href="/wiki/High_Bridge,_Reading" title="High Bridge, Reading">High Bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reading has two operational <a href="/wiki/Park_and_ride" title="Park and ride">park and ride</a> sites. Mereoak, a short distance south of Junction 11 of the M4, is also a stop for <a href="/wiki/National_Express_Coaches" title="National Express Coaches">National Express Coaches</a> between London and the West.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A site outside the <a href="/wiki/Winnersh_Triangle_railway_station" title="Winnersh Triangle railway station">Winnersh Triangle railway station</a> opened in 2015 and is easily accessed from the junction where the A329(M) becomes the A3290.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reading is a major junction point of the <a href="/wiki/National_Rail" title="National Rail">National Rail</a> system, and hence <a href="/wiki/Reading_railway_station" title="Reading railway station">Reading station</a> is a transfer point and terminus. In a project that finished in 2015, Reading station was redeveloped at a cost of £850m, with <a href="/wiki/Grade_separation" title="Grade separation">grade separation</a> of some conflicting traffic flows, and extra platforms, to relieve severe congestion at this station.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Railway lines link Reading to both <a href="/wiki/Paddington_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Paddington railway station">Paddington</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Waterloo_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="London Waterloo railway station">Waterloo</a> stations in London. Other stations in the Reading area are <a href="/wiki/Reading_West_railway_station" title="Reading West railway station">Reading West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reading_Green_Park_railway_station" title="Reading Green Park railway station">Reading Green Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tilehurst_railway_station" title="Tilehurst railway station">Tilehurst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Earley_railway_station" title="Earley railway station">Earley</a>. </p><p>Reading is a western terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_line" title="Elizabeth line">Elizabeth line</a>, which provides stopping services to London Paddington, and means Reading is featured on the London <a href="/wiki/Tube_map" title="Tube map">Tube map</a>. Cross-London connections are possible from Reading to <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Wood_railway_station" title="Abbey Wood railway station">Abbey Wood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shenfield_railway_station" title="Shenfield railway station">Shenfield</a> in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been two <a href="/wiki/Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Airfield">airfields</a> in or near Reading, one at <a href="/wiki/Coley_Park" title="Coley Park">Coley Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-cpabac_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpabac-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one at <a href="/wiki/Woodley,_Berkshire" title="Woodley, Berkshire">Woodley</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-woodleyairfield_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woodleyairfield-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but they have both closed. The nearest international airport is <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">London Heathrow</a>, 20 miles (32 km) away. An express bus service named <a href="/wiki/RailAir" title="RailAir">RailAir</a> links Reading with Heathrow,<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the airport can be accessed by rail by taking the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_line" title="Elizabeth line">Elizabeth line</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hayes_%26_Harlington_railway_station" title="Hayes & Harlington railway station">Hayes & Harlington</a> and changing for a connecting service to Heathrow. This journey takes around 45 minutes by rail.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> London City Airport can be reached via a direct train to <a href="/wiki/Custom_House_station" title="Custom House station">Custom House</a> on the Elizabeth line followed by a short bus connection. <a href="/wiki/Gatwick_Airport" title="Gatwick Airport">Gatwick Airport</a> can be accessed accessed via a direct local train operating via Guildford, and <a href="/wiki/Luton_Airport" title="Luton Airport">Luton</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Stansted_Airport" title="London Stansted Airport">Stansted</a> airports can be accessed with one change in Central London. Further afield, <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Airport" title="Southampton Airport">Southampton Airport</a> can be accessed directly by rail in around 50-70 minutes depending on the service, or reached by road in approximately the same timeframe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today local public transport is largely by road, which is often affected by peak hour congestion in the borough. A frequent local bus network within the borough, and a less frequent network in the surrounding area, are provided by <a href="/wiki/Reading_Buses" title="Reading Buses">Reading Buses</a> - one of the few remaining <a href="/wiki/Municipal_bus_company" title="Municipal bus company">municipal bus companies</a> in the country - and its subsidiaries Newbury & District and <a href="/wiki/Thames_Valley_Buses" title="Thames Valley Buses">Thames Valley Buses</a>. Other bus operators serving Reading include <a href="/wiki/Carousel_Buses" title="Carousel Buses">Carousel Buses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thames_Travel" title="Thames Travel">Thames Travel</a> and RedRose.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ReadiBus" title="ReadiBus">ReadiBus</a> provides an on-demand transport service for people with restricted mobility in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bike_sharing">Bike sharing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bike sharing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2011, Reading Borough Council approved a bike sharing scheme similar to <a href="/wiki/London_Cycle_Hire_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="London Cycle Hire Scheme">London Cycle Hire Scheme</a>, with 1,000 bicycles available at up to 150 docking stations across Reading. However this scheme came to an end in March 2019, with the operator unable to cover the operational costs or find a sponsor to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion_2">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_Minster,_church_tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Reading_Minster%2C_church_tower.jpg/170px-Reading_Minster%2C_church_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Reading_Minster%2C_church_tower.jpg/255px-Reading_Minster%2C_church_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Reading_Minster%2C_church_tower.jpg/340px-Reading_Minster%2C_church_tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Reading_Minster" title="Reading Minster">St Mary's Church</a> tower, chequered with <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">flint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashlar" title="Ashlar">ashlar</a><sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_Abbey_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Reading_Abbey_03.jpg/220px-Reading_Abbey_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Reading_Abbey_03.jpg/330px-Reading_Abbey_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Reading_Abbey_03.jpg/440px-Reading_Abbey_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>The interior of the ruined <a href="/wiki/Chapter_house" title="Chapter house">chapter house</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Reading_Minster" title="Reading Minster">Reading Minster</a> (the Minster Church of St Mary the Virgin) is Reading's oldest ecclesiastical foundation, known to have been founded by the 9th century and possibly earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although eclipsed in importance by the later abbey, Reading Minster has regained its importance since the destruction of the abbey. <a href="/wiki/Reading_Abbey" title="Reading Abbey">Reading Abbey</a> was founded by <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a> in 1121. He was buried there, as were parts of his daughter <a href="/wiki/Empress_Matilda" title="Empress Matilda">Empress Matilda</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_IX,_Count_of_Poitiers" title="William IX, Count of Poitiers">William of Poitiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance of York">Constance of York</a>, and Princess Isabella of Cornwall, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlade20011–16_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlade20011–16-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The abbey was one of the pilgrimage centres of medieval England; it held over 230 <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relics</a> including the hand of <a href="/wiki/Saint_James_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint James the Great">St. James</a>. Today all that remains of the abbey are the inner rubble cores of the walls of many of the major buildings of the abbey, together with a much restored inner gateway and the intact <a href="/wiki/Hospitium" title="Hospitium">hospitium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rbhrra_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbhrra-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The medieval borough of Reading was served by three <a href="/wiki/Parish_church" title="Parish church">parish churches</a>: <a href="/wiki/Reading_Minster" title="Reading Minster">Reading Minster</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Giles%27_Church,_Reading" title="St Giles' Church, Reading">St Giles' Church</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St_Laurence%27s_Church,_Reading" title="St Laurence's Church, Reading">St Laurence's Church</a>. All are still in use by the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan friars</a> built a <a href="/wiki/Friary" class="mw-redirect" title="Friary">friary</a> in the town in 1311. After the friars were expelled in 1538, the building was used as a <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Poorhouse" title="Poorhouse">poorhouse</a>, and a jail, before being restored as the Church of England parish church of <a href="/wiki/Greyfriars_Church,_Reading" title="Greyfriars Church, Reading">Greyfriars Church</a> in 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Reading" title="Bishop of Reading">Bishop of Reading</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Suffragan_bishop" title="Suffragan bishop">suffragan bishop</a> within the Church of England's <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Oxford" title="Diocese of Oxford">Diocese of Oxford</a>. The bishop is based in Reading, and is responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Archdeaconry_of_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdeaconry of Berkshire">archdeaconry of Berkshire</a>. There are a total of 18 Church of England parish churches in Reading.<sup id="cite_ref-crockfords100th_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crockfords100th-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Church,_Reading" title="St James's Church, Reading">St James's Church</a> was built on a portion of the site of the abbey between 1837 and 1840, and marked the return of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> faith to Reading. Reading was also the site of the death of <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Barberi" title="Dominic Barberi">Blessed Dominic Barberi</a>, the Catholic missionary to England in the 19th century who received <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">John Henry Newman</a> into the Catholic faith. There are now eight Roman Catholic parish churches in Reading.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kings_Road_Baptist_Church,_Reading" title="Kings Road Baptist Church, Reading">Kings Road Baptist Church</a> was founded in Reading in 1640 or 1641.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to Catholicism and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-Day_Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-Day Adventist">Seventh-Day Adventist</a> denomination is also represented in the town, particularly by Reading West SDA Church on Loverock Road, Reading Central SDA Church on Tilehurst Road, and various other churches around Reading.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reading has had an organised <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> community since 1886. At least one Jewish family living in the area has been traced back as far as 1842. The group grew to 13 families, who in 1886 declared themselves a community and commenced building a <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a>. On 31 October 1900, Reading <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> Congregation<sup id="cite_ref-Reading_Hebrew_Congregation_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reading_Hebrew_Congregation-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially opened in a solemn public ceremony, packed to capacity with dignitaries, led by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbi" title="Chief Rabbi">Chief Rabbi</a> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Adler" title="Hermann Adler">Hermann Adler</a>. Reading Hebrew Congregation, which still stands on its original site at the junction of Goldsmid Road and Clifton Street near the town centre, is a <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">Grade II</a>-listed building, built to a traditional design in the <a href="/wiki/Moorish_Revival_architecture" title="Moorish Revival architecture">Moorish style</a>. The community is affiliated with the Orthodox <a href="/wiki/United_Synagogue" title="United Synagogue">United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reading_Hebrew_Congregation_222-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reading_Hebrew_Congregation-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reading also has a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Judaism_(United_Kingdom)" title="Liberal Judaism (United Kingdom)">Liberal Jewish</a> community which convenes in the Reading <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> Meeting House,<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern Orthodox Judaism</a> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Community_of_Berkshire" title="Jewish Community of Berkshire">community</a>, an active Jewish Society for students at the university, as well as being served by a <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Reform_Judaism" title="Movement for Reform Judaism">Reform Jewish</a> community which convenes in nearby <a href="/wiki/Maidenhead_Synagogue" title="Maidenhead Synagogue">Maidenhead Synagogue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are presently three <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a> in Reading, initially just having the Central Reading Mosque on Waylen Street.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The £3–4m <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> Islamic Centre, on <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Road,_Reading" title="Oxford Road, Reading">Oxford Road</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Reading,_Berkshire" title="West Reading, Berkshire">West Reading</a>, was granted planning permission in 2002. The community-funded project began construction in 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and opened its doors in July 2013 - the holy month of Ramadan for this year.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> centre in eastern Reading has also been granted planning permission.<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This £4m project has garnered some controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reading also has places of worship of other religions: the Shantideva <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana Buddhist</a> centre,<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> temple,<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">gurdwara</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a> citadel,<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> meeting house,<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Christadelphian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christadelphian">Christadelphian</a> Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Reading,_Berkshire" title="Sport in Reading, Berkshire">Sport in Reading, Berkshire</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madejski_Stadium_aerial,_August_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Madejski_Stadium_aerial%2C_August_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Madejski_Stadium_aerial%2C_August_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Madejski_Stadium_aerial%2C_August_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Madejski_Stadium_aerial%2C_August_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Madejski_Stadium_aerial%2C_August_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Madejski_Stadium_aerial%2C_August_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3905" data-file-height="2585" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Select_Car_Leasing_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Select Car Leasing Stadium">Select Car Leasing Stadium</a>, home of <a href="/wiki/Reading_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading FC">Reading Football Club</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Millennium_Madejski_Hotel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Millennium_Madejski_Hotel.jpg/220px-Millennium_Madejski_Hotel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Millennium_Madejski_Hotel.jpg/330px-Millennium_Madejski_Hotel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Millennium_Madejski_Hotel.jpg/440px-Millennium_Madejski_Hotel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The Voco Reading Hotel, pictured when still known as the Millennium Madejski</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_Half_Marathon_in_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Reading_Half_Marathon_in_2004.jpg/220px-Reading_Half_Marathon_in_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Reading_Half_Marathon_in_2004.jpg/330px-Reading_Half_Marathon_in_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Reading_Half_Marathon_in_2004.jpg/440px-Reading_Half_Marathon_in_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Reading_Half_Marathon" title="Reading Half Marathon">Reading Half Marathon 2004</a> climbing Russell Street in <a href="/wiki/West_Reading,_Berkshire" title="West Reading, Berkshire">West Reading</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Reading is the home of <a href="/wiki/Reading_F.C." title="Reading F.C.">Reading Football Club</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> club nicknamed <i>The Royals</i>, formed in 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formerly nicknamed 'The Biscuitmen'<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and based at <a href="/wiki/Elm_Park_(stadium)" title="Elm Park (stadium)">Elm Park</a>, the club plays at the 24,161 capacity<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Select_Car_Leasing_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Select Car Leasing Stadium">Select Car Leasing Stadium</a>, first named after chairman Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Madejski" title="John Madejski">John Madejski</a> which opened in 1998, and later renamed "Select Car Leasing Stadium"<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2021, after a sponsor. After winning the <a href="/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_Football_League" title="2005–06 Football League">2005–06 Football League Championship</a> with a record of 106 points, Reading spent two seasons in the <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> before being relegated to <a href="/wiki/Football_League_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Football League Championship">The Championship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the 2012–2013 season, the club again competed in the Premier League, after securing first place in the Championship in the 2011–2012 season, but were relegated back down to the Championship at season's end.<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Reading_Town_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading Town FC">Reading Town Football Club</a>, formed in 1966,<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> played at Scours Lane and were playing in the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Football_League" title="Hellenic Football League">Hellenic League</a> Premier Division but were dissolved in 2016, while fellow <a href="/wiki/Non-league_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-league football">non-league football</a> club <a href="/wiki/Reading_City_F.C." title="Reading City F.C.">Reading City Football Club</a> now play at Scours Lane after moving from <a href="/wiki/Palmer_Park_Stadium" title="Palmer Park Stadium">Palmer Park Stadium</a> at the end of the 2015–16 season. Scours Lane was also renamed to Rivermoor Stadium in 2016. </p><p>Reading is home to three senior semi-professional <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby</a> clubs: <a href="/wiki/Reading_Abbey_RFC" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading Abbey RFC">Reading Abbey RFC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rams_RFC" title="Rams RFC">Rams RFC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reading_RFC" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading RFC">Reading RFC</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Reading_Rockets" title="Reading Rockets">Reading Rockets</a> are the town's semi-professional <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> team. They compete in the second tier <a href="/wiki/English_Basketball_League" class="mw-redirect" title="English Basketball League">English Basketball League</a> Division 1, though they have tried several times in recent years to move up to the top tier <a href="/wiki/British_Basketball_League" title="British Basketball League">British Basketball League</a>. They play home games at the Rivermead Leisure Complex, and are coached by Manuel Peña Garces. In 2016–17 the club embarked on an 18-game winning streak. The town hosts <a href="/wiki/Australian_Rules_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Rules football">Australian Rules football</a> team <a href="/wiki/Reading_Kangaroos" title="Reading Kangaroos">Reading Kangaroos</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> team <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Renegades" title="Berkshire Renegades">Berkshire Renegades</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palmer_Park_Stadium" title="Palmer Park Stadium">Palmer Park Stadium</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Velodrome" title="Velodrome">velodrome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athletics_track" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletics track">athletics track</a>. It is used by <a href="/wiki/Reading_Athletic_Club" title="Reading Athletic Club">Reading Athletic Club</a><sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Berkshire Renegades for training.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Reading_Hockey_Club" title="Reading Hockey Club">Reading Hockey Club</a> enter teams in both the <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_England_Hockey_League" title="Men's England Hockey League">Men's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_England_Hockey_League" title="Women's England Hockey League">Women's England Hockey Leagues</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rowing" title="Rowing">Rowing</a> is pursued by the <a href="/wiki/Reading_Rowing_Club" title="Reading Rowing Club">Reading Rowing Club</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Reading_University_Boat_Club" title="Reading University Boat Club">Reading University Boat Club</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both next to Caversham Bridge, whilst <a href="/wiki/Reading_Blue_Coat_School" title="Reading Blue Coat School">Reading Blue Coat School</a> trains at <a href="/wiki/Sonning" title="Sonning">Sonning</a> adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Redgrave_Pinsent_Rowing_Lake" title="Redgrave Pinsent Rowing Lake">Redgrave Pinsent Rowing Lake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Caversham,_Reading" title="Caversham, Reading">Caversham</a>, which provides training facilities for the <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> National Squad.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, almost all club rowing is done on the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>. The annual <a href="/wiki/Reading_Town_Regatta" title="Reading Town Regatta">Reading Town Regatta</a> takes place near <a href="/wiki/Thames_Valley_Park" title="Thames Valley Park">Thames Valley Park</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the <a href="/wiki/Reading_Amateur_Regatta" title="Reading Amateur Regatta">Reading Amateur Regatta</a> taking place in June, usually two weeks before the <a href="/wiki/Henley_Royal_Regatta" title="Henley Royal Regatta">Henley Royal Regatta</a>. The town was home to a <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">motorcycle speedway</a> team, <a href="/wiki/Reading_Racers" title="Reading Racers">Reading Racers</a>. Speedway came to Reading in 1968 at Tilehurst Stadium, until the team moved to <a href="/wiki/Smallmead_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Smallmead Stadium">Smallmead Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Whitley,_Reading" title="Whitley, Reading">Whitley</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was demolished at the end of 2008. The team is inactive pending the building of a new stadium, which was once hoped to be completed in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Reading Racers reformed in 2016 and joined the new Southern Developmental League upon its formation in 2017 winning its inaugural season undefeated. The team started back up in <a href="/wiki/Eastbourne" title="Eastbourne">Eastbourne</a> and currently races in <a href="/wiki/Swindon" title="Swindon">Swindon</a> awaiting return to a track in Reading. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Reading_Half_Marathon" title="Reading Half Marathon">Reading Half Marathon</a> is held on the streets of Reading in March of each year, with 16,000 competitors from elite to fun runners.<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first run in 1983 and has taken place in every subsequent year except 2001, when it was cancelled because of concerns over that year's outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Foot-and-mouth_disease" title="Foot-and-mouth disease">foot-and-mouth disease</a>, 2018, when it was cancelled on the morning of the race due to heavy overnight snowfall, and 2020, when it was cancelled due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iya2008rc_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iya2008rc-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/British_Triathlon_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="British Triathlon Association">British Triathlon Association</a> was formed at the town's former <i>Mall</i> <a href="/wiki/Health_club" title="Health club">health club</a> on 11 December 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain's first ever <a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">triathlon</a> took place just outside Reading at Kirtons's Farm in <a href="/wiki/Pingewood" title="Pingewood">Pingewood</a> in 1983 and was revived 10 years' later by Banana Leisure with one of the original organisers as Event Director.<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thames_Valley" title="Thames Valley">Thames Valley</a> Triathletes, based in the town, is Britain's oldest triathlon club, having its origins in the 1984 event at nearby <a href="/wiki/Heckfield" title="Heckfield">Heckfield</a>, when a <a href="/wiki/Relay_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Relay team">relay team</a> raced under the name <i>Reading Triathlon Club</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hexagon was home to <a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">snooker</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_(snooker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Prix (snooker)">Grand Prix tournament</a>, one of the sport's "Big Four", from 1984 to 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Reading,_Berkshire" title="List of people from Reading, Berkshire">List of people from Reading, Berkshire</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Reading,_Berkshire" title="Category:People from Reading, Berkshire">Category:People from Reading, Berkshire</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns">Twin towns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Twin towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_England" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in England">List of twin towns and sister cities in England</a></div> <p>Reading is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, Germany (since 1947, officially since 1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonmel" title="Clonmel">Clonmel</a>, Ireland (since 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Libre" title="San Francisco Libre">San Francisco Libre</a>, Nicaragua (since 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speightstown" title="Speightstown">Speightstown</a>, Barbados (since 2003)</li></ul> <p>Though not twinned with Reading, two suburbs of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a> — <a href="/wiki/Caversham,_New_Zealand" title="Caversham, New Zealand">Caversham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forbury,_New_Zealand" title="Forbury, New Zealand">Forbury</a> — were named after places in and around Reading by early New Zealand settler and Reading native <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Valpy" title="William Henry Valpy">William Henry Valpy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_counties_and_county_boroughs_of_England_by_population_in_1971" title="List of administrative counties and county boroughs of England by population in 1971">List of administrative counties and county boroughs of England by population in 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_college_towns" title="List of college towns">List of college towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conservation_areas_in_England" title="List of conservation areas in England">List of conservation areas in England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts" title="List of English districts">List of English districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-US_places_that_have_a_US_place_named_after_them" class="mw-redirect" title="List of non-US places that have a US place named after them">List of non-US places that have a US place named after them</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_England" title="List of towns in England">List of towns in England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unitary_authorities_of_England" title="List of unitary authorities of England">List of unitary authorities of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Reading_stabbings" title="2020 Reading stabbings">2020 Reading stabbings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Emily_Salvini" title="Murder of Emily Salvini">Murder of Emily Salvini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_power_station_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading power station UK">Reading power station</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2021_Nomis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCensus_2021E06000038" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021/report?compare=E06000038">"2021 Census Area Profile – Reading Local Authority (E06000038)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=2021+Census+Area+Profile+%E2%80%93+Reading+Local+Authority+%28E06000038%29&rft.date=2021&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2021%2Freport%3Fcompare%3DE06000038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/reading?showCookiePolicy=true">"Reading"</a>. <i>Collins Dictionary</i>. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141205033133/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/reading?showCookiePolicy=true">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Reading&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Freading%3FshowCookiePolicy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Good_Growth_for_Cities_2013-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Good_Growth_for_Cities_2013_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pwc.co.uk/government-public-sector/good-growth/good-growth-for-cities-report-on-economic-wellbeing-uk-urban-areas.jhtml">"Government & public sector"</a>. PwC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140424131626/http://www.pwc.co.uk/government-public-sector/good-growth/good-growth-for-cities-report-on-economic-wellbeing-uk-urban-areas.jhtml">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+%26+public+sector&rft.pub=PwC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pwc.co.uk%2Fgovernment-public-sector%2Fgood-growth%2Fgood-growth-for-cities-report-on-economic-wellbeing-uk-urban-areas.jhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELawes_Long183611–13-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELawes_Long183611–13_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLawes_Long1836">Lawes Long 1836</a>, p. 11–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron196164-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron196164_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCameron1961">Cameron 1961</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips198014–15-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips198014–15_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhillips1980">Phillips 1980</a>, p. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDitchfieldPage1923342–364_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDitchfieldPage1923">Ditchfield & Page 1923</a>, pp. 342–364.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESlade20011–16-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlade20011–16_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlade20011–16_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSlade2001">Slade 2001</a>, p. 1–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell_Lyte" class="citation web cs1">Maxwell Lyte, H.C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-close-rolls/edw2/vol1/pp556-559">"Close Rolls, Edward II: November 1312 Pages 556-559 Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward II: Volume 1, 1307-1313. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1892"</a>. <i>British History Online</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021112659/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-close-rolls/edw2/vol1/pp556-559">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+History+Online&rft.atitle=Close+Rolls%2C+Edward+II%3A+November+1312+Pages+556-559+Calendar+of+Close+Rolls%2C+Edward+II%3A+Volume+1%2C+1307-1313.+Originally+published+by+Her+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office%2C+London%2C+1892.&rft.aulast=Maxwell+Lyte&rft.aufirst=H.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fcal-close-rolls%2Fedw2%2Fvol1%2Fpp556-559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHylton200734–38-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHylton200734–38_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHylton200734–38_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHylton2007">Hylton 2007</a>, p. 34–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESlade200117–25-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlade200117–25_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSlade2001">Slade 2001</a>, p. 17–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFashamHawkes1983-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFashamHawkes1983_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFashamHawkes1983">Fasham & Hawkes 1983</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHylton200751–52-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHylton200751–52_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHylton2007">Hylton 2007</a>, p. 51–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrès-Baker, Malcolm: <i>The Siege of Reading: The Failure of the Earl of Essex's 1643 Spring Offensive</i>. Ottawa, EbooksLib, 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55449-999-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-55449-999-2">1-55449-999-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord" class="citation web cs1">Ford, David Nash. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090307011752/http://www.berkshirehistory.com/articles/reading_siege.html">"The Siege of Reading"</a>. <i>Royal Berkshire History</i>. Nash Ford Publishing. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkshirehistory.com/articles/reading_siege.html">the original</a> on 7 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LoveMyTown.co.uk&rft.atitle=Largest+Towns+without+City+Status&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lovemytown.co.uk%2FCityStatus%2FCityStatusTable2.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lovemytown-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lovemytown_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lovemytown.co.uk/Populations/index.htm">"Population overview"</a>. <i>LoveMyTown.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060702073243/http://www.lovemytown.co.uk/Populations/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LoveMyTown.co.uk&rft.atitle=Population+overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lovemytown.co.uk%2FPopulations%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lovemytown.co.uk/CityStatus/CityStatusTable3.asp">"Towns that have recently applied for City Status"</a>. <i>LoveMyTown.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120903134040/http://www.lovemytown.co.uk/CityStatus/CityStatusTable3.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LoveMyTown.co.uk&rft.atitle=Towns+that+have+recently+applied+for+City+Status&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lovemytown.co.uk%2FCityStatus%2FCityStatusTable3.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-13571586">"Reading submits 2012 city status bid"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. London. 27 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110530081702/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-13571586">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Reading+submits+2012+city+status+bid&rft.date=2011-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-berkshire-13571586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RBC_City_Status_2021-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RBC_City_Status_2021_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.reading.gov.uk/news/reading-submits-its-city-bid-today">"Reading Submits City Bid Today"</a>. <i>Reading Borough Council News</i>. 7 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207101206/https://media.reading.gov.uk/news/reading-submits-its-city-bid-today">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reading+Borough+Council+News&rft.atitle=Reading+Submits+City+Bid+Today&rft.date=2021-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.reading.gov.uk%2Fnews%2Freading-submits-its-city-bid-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_61505857-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_61505857_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-61505857">"Platinum Jubilee: Eight towns to be made cities for Platinum Jubilee"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 20 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220519233708/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-61505857">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Platinum+Jubilee%3A+Eight+towns+to+be+made+cities+for+Platinum+Jubilee&rft.date=2022-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-61505857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-electionmaps-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-electionmaps_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-electionmaps_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/election-maps/gb/">"Election Maps"</a>. Ordnance Survey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Election+Maps&rft.pub=Ordnance+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordnancesurvey.co.uk%2Felection-maps%2Fgb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenley2010" class="citation news cs1">Henley, Peter (6 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/election_2010/england/8606277.stm">"Berkshire prepares for election"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220327221450/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/election_2010/england/8606277.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Berkshire+prepares+for+election&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft.aulast=Henley&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2Felection_2010%2Fengland%2F8606277.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hmctscourtfinder.justice.gov.uk/HMCTS/Search.do?court_id=493">"Reading Crown Court"</a>. Ministry of Justice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325223534/http://hmctscourtfinder.justice.gov.uk/HMCTS/Search.do?court_id=493">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+Crown+Court&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhmctscourtfinder.justice.gov.uk%2FHMCTS%2FSearch.do%3Fcourt_id%3D493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hmctscourtfinder.justice.gov.uk/HMCTS/Search.do?court_id=492">"Reading County Court"</a>. Ministry of Justice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325223547/http://hmctscourtfinder.justice.gov.uk/HMCTS/Search.do?court_id=492">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+County+Court&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhmctscourtfinder.justice.gov.uk%2FHMCTS%2FSearch.do%3Fcourt_id%3D492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hmctscourtfinder.justice.gov.uk/HMCTS/Search.do?court_id=494">"Reading Magistrates' Court"</a>. Ministry of Justice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325223550/http://hmctscourtfinder.justice.gov.uk/HMCTS/Search.do?court_id=494">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+Magistrates%27+Court&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhmctscourtfinder.justice.gov.uk%2FHMCTS%2FSearch.do%3Fcourt_id%3D494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7pNRAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA111"><i>First Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the Municipal Corporations in England and Wales: Part 1</i></a>. 1835. p. 111<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+Extreme+Maximum+Temperature&rft.pub=Starlings+Roost+Weather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstarlingsroost.ddns.net%2Fweather%2Fukobs%2Ftemp_month_record_tmax_map.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201173844/http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmin_map.php">"Monthly Extreme Minimum Temperature"</a>. Starlings Roost Weather. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmin_map.php">the original</a> on 1 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+Extreme+Minimum+Temperature&rft.pub=Starlings+Roost+Weather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstarlingsroost.ddns.net%2Fweather%2Fukobs%2Ftemp_month_record_tmin_map.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popstats-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popstats_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland/mid2022/mye22final.xlsx">"Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a></i>. 26 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.atitle=Mid-Year+Population+Estimates%2C+UK%2C+June+2022&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Ffile%3Furi%3D%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fdatasets%2Fpopulationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland%2Fmid2022%2Fmye22final.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BUA-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BUA_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/747.aspx">"2011 Census – Built-up areas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">ONS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921045319/http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/747.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2011+Census+%E2%80%93+Built-up+areas&rft.pub=ONS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Farticles%2F747.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReadingUA-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReadingUA_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getreading.co.uk/news/reading-berkshire-news/reading-city-status-royal-charter-19327991">"United Kingdom's largest town by population"</a>. <i>Get Reading</i>. 27 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128154810/https://www.getreading.co.uk/news/reading-berkshire-news/reading-city-status-royal-charter-19327991">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Get+Reading&rft.atitle=United+Kingdom%27s+largest+town+by+population.&rft.date=2020-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getreading.co.uk%2Fnews%2Freading-berkshire-news%2Freading-city-status-royal-charter-19327991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethstats-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ethstats_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls">"Resident Population Estimates by Ethnic Group (Percentages)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116113321/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resident+Population+Estimates+by+Ethnic+Group+%28Percentages%29&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fcensus%2F2011-census%2Fkey-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales%2Frft-table-ks201ew.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatalie2010" class="citation news cs1">Natalie, Slater (8 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getreading.co.uk/news/education/s/2065355_150_different_languages_spoken_in_reading_schools">"150 different languages spoken in Reading schools"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Post" title="Reading Post">Reading Post</a></i>. Surrey & Berkshire Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111125175127/http://www.getreading.co.uk/news/education/s/2065355_150_different_languages_spoken_in_reading_schools">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+Post&rft.atitle=150+different+languages+spoken+in+Reading+schools&rft.date=2010-02-08&rft.aulast=Natalie&rft.aufirst=Slater&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getreading.co.uk%2Fnews%2Feducation%2Fs%2F2065355_150_different_languages_spoken_in_reading_schools&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake2010" class="citation news cs1">Blake, Heidi (8 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/7183679/The-town-where-schoolchildren-speak-150-languages.html">"The town where schoolchildren speak 150 languages"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/7183679/The-town-where-schoolchildren-speak-150-languages.html">the original</a></span> on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+town+where+schoolchildren+speak+150+languages&rft.date=2010-02-08&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Heidi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Feducation%2Feducationnews%2F7183679%2FThe-town-where-schoolchildren-speak-150-languages.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getreading.co.uk/news/s/2072745_grant_to_repair_polish_church">"Grant to repair Polish church"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Post" title="Reading Post">Reading Post</a></i>. Surrey & Berkshire Media. 15 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111125175740/http://www.getreading.co.uk/news/s/2072745_grant_to_repair_polish_church">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+Post&rft.atitle=Grant+to+repair+Polish+church&rft.date=2010-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getreading.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fs%2F2072745_grant_to_repair_polish_church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCacciottolo2006" class="citation news cs1">Cacciottolo, Mario (13 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6045568.stm">"Reading paper gets Polish edition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071025071916/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6045568.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Reading+paper+gets+Polish+edition&rft.date=2006-10-13&rft.aulast=Cacciottolo&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F6045568.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrook2006" class="citation news cs1">Brook, Stephen (9 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/nov/09/pressandpublishing4">"Reading paper to offer Polish edition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Guardian.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian.co.uk">guardian.co.uk</a></i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140926040101/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/nov/09/pressandpublishing4">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=guardian.co.uk&rft.atitle=Reading+paper+to+offer+Polish+edition&rft.date=2006-11-09&rft.aulast=Brook&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2006%2Fnov%2F09%2Fpressandpublishing4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002055834/http://www.krakowpost.com/article/106">"Polish editions of regional press in Great Britain: Kronika Reading, Gazeta z Highland, Polski Herald"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Krakow_Post" title="Krakow Post">Krakow Post</a></i>. London: Lifeboat. 22 July 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krakowpost.com/article/106">the original</a> on 2 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Krakow+Post&rft.atitle=Polish+editions+of+regional+press+in+Great+Britain%3A+Kronika+Reading%2C+Gazeta+z+Highland%2C+Polski+Herald&rft.date=2007-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.krakowpost.com%2Farticle%2F106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1978" class="citation journal cs1">Jones, P. N. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/622127">"The Distribution and Diffusion of the Coloured Population in England and Wales, 1961-71"</a>. <i>Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers</i>. <b>3</b> (4): 515–532. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978TrIBG...3..515J">1978TrIBG...3..515J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F622127">10.2307/622127</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0020-2754">0020-2754</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/622127">622127</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12157820">12157820</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Institute+of+British+Geographers&rft.atitle=The+Distribution+and+Diffusion+of+the+Coloured+Population+in+England+and+Wales%2C+1961-71&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=515-532&rft.date=1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F622127%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1978TrIBG...3..515J&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12157820&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F622127&rft.issn=0020-2754&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=P.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F622127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEquality1985" class="citation journal cs1">Equality, Commission for Racial (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806">"Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement"</a>. <i>Commission for Racial Equality</i>: Table 2.2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Commission+for+Racial+Equality&rft.atitle=Ethnic+minorities+in+Britain%3A+statistical+information+on+the+pattern+of+settlement&rft.pages=Table+2.2&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Equality&rft.aufirst=Commission+for+Racial&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjstor.org%2Fstable%2Fcommunity.28327806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:412-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:412_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data is taken from United Kingdom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/index.htm">Casweb Data services</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215152146/http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/index.htm">Archived</a> 15 December 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of the United Kingdom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm">1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England, Scotland and Wales</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405213012/http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm">Archived</a> 5 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Table 6)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/local-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls">"Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics"</a>. <i>webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220602031124/https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/local-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Fujitsu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721161833/http://uk.fujitsu.com/pensioner/localData/pdf/BB25Aut07.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cushman & Wakefield. 25 January 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120404160840/http://www.cushwake.com/cwglobal/jsp/newsDetail.jsp?Country=GB&Language=EN&repId=ca3400127">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agilent+Technologies+agrees+letting+in+Reading&rft.pub=Cushman+%26+Wakefield&rft.date=2006-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cushwake.com%2Fcwglobal%2Fjsp%2FnewsDetail.jsp%3FCountry%3DGB%26Language%3DEN%26repId%3Dca3400127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-greenpark-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-greenpark_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenpark_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110817122014/http://greenpark.co.uk/overview-occupiers-occupiers.html">"Occupiers"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2016</span>. <q>Fast growing data management software company CommVault has signed a new 7-year lease on Block B at Apex Plaza in Reading.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hicks+Baker+client+acquires+last+suite+at+Apex+Plaza&rft.pub=Hicks+Baker&rft.date=2014-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hicksbaker.co.uk%2Fhicks-baker-client-acquires-last-suite-at-apex-plaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rbcrls-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rbcrls_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080627125616/http://www.reading.gov.uk/Documents/servingyou/planning/Vol1_Chapters1-3.pdf">"Retail & Leisure Study of Reading – Volume 1 – Chapters 1 to 3"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reading+Rep&rft.atitle=HRH+Prince+Edward%2C+the+Earl+of+Wessex%2C+Announced+as+Royal+Patron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingrep.com%2Fstories%2Fhrh-prince-edward-the-earl-of-wessex-announced-as-royal-patron%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.progresstheatre.co.uk/">"Progress Theatre homepage"</a>. <i>Reading Arts</i>. Reading Borough Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070411172248/http://www.progresstheatre.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reading+Arts&rft.atitle=Progress+Theatre+homepage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.progresstheatre.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070327102837/http://www.readingarts.com/othervenues/theprogresstheatre/">"Progress Theatre"</a>. <i>Reading Arts</i>. Reading Borough Council. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Berkshire+History&rft.atitle=Biographies%3A+Mary+Russell+Mitford+%281787%E2%80%931865%29&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Ford%2C+David+Nash&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berkshirehistory.com%2Fbios%2Fmrmitford.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Russell Mitford, <i>Belford Regis; or Sketches of a Country Town</i>, 3 vols., London 1835</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hardy1999-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hardy1999_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Hardy1999" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Hardy (7 July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cybhDUKw79MC&pg=PA498"><i>Jude the Obscure</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Walk+on+the+Wilde+Side+of+Reading&rft.pub=The+Automobile+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaa.com%2Fwalks%2Fa-walk-on-the-wilde-side-of-reading-420103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/berkshire/bigread/bigread_wilde.shtml">"Oscar Wilde: Prisoner C33"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Berkshire">BBC Berkshire</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Berkshire&rft.atitle=Ricky+Gervais+and+Stephen+Merchant+on+Cemetery+Junction&rft.date=2010-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Flocal%2Fberkshire%2Fhi%2Fpeople_and_places%2Farts_and_culture%2Fnewsid_8620000%2F8620268.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFort2010" class="citation news cs1">Fort, Linda (14 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getbracknell.co.uk/entertainment/film_and_cinema/s/2069326_cemetery_junction_starring_the_reading_post">"Cemetery Junction starring the Reading Post"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Post" title="Reading Post">Reading Post</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+Post&rft.atitle=Cemetery+Junction+starring+the+Reading+Post&rft.date=2010-04-14&rft.aulast=Fort&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getbracknell.co.uk%2Fentertainment%2Ffilm_and_cinema%2Fs%2F2069326_cemetery_junction_starring_the_reading_post&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2009" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Anna (16 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getreading.co.uk/news/s/2049012_ricky_gervais_is_going_up_the_junction">"Ricky Gervais is going Up the Junction"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Post" title="Reading Post">Reading Post</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+Post&rft.atitle=Ricky+Gervais+is+going+Up+the+Junction&rft.date=2009-04-16&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getreading.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fs%2F2049012_ricky_gervais_is_going_up_the_junction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerck2009" class="citation news cs1">Serck, Linda (27 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/berkshire/content/articles/2009/07/27/maiwand_lion_history_feature.shtml">"The Maiwand Lion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Listed+Buildings&rft.atitle=Listed+Buildings+in+Reading%2C+Berkshire%2C+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk%2Fengland%2Fberkshire%2Freading&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521213426/http://www.reading.gov.uk/businesses/Planning/PlanningApplicationService/guide-to-listed-buildings/">"Guide to Listed Buildings"</a>. Reading Borough Council. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=15+years+of+Two+Rivers+Press&rft.pub=University+of+Reading&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reading.ac.uk%2Fspecial-collections%2Fnews%2Fexhibitions%2Fsc-exhibition-tworivers.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tworiverspress.com/wp/about/">"About"</a>. Two Rivers Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714143846/http://tworiverspress.com/wp/about/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About&rft.pub=Two+Rivers+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftworiverspress.com%2Fwp%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-39019-main-block-and-flanking-wings-at-royal-be">"Main Block and Flanking Wings at Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading"</a>. <i>British Listed Buildings</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120130214400/http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-39019-main-block-and-flanking-wings-at-royal-be">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Listed+Buildings&rft.atitle=Main+Block+and+Flanking+Wings+at+Royal+Berkshire+Hospital%2C+Reading&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk%2Fen-39019-main-block-and-flanking-wings-at-royal-be&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424084105/http://www.reading.gov.uk/residents/NaturalEnvironment/ParksandOpenSpaces/">"Parks and Open Spaces"</a>. Reading Borough Council. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Doors+set+to+open+on+rural+museum&rft.date=2005-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Fberkshire%2F4638321.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merlabout-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-merlabout_186-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reading.ac.uk/merl/about/merl-about.asp">"About the Museum of English Rural Life"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620115306/https://merl.reading.ac.uk/about-us/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Museum+of+English+Rural+Life&rft.pub=University+of+Reading&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reading.ac.uk%2Fmerl%2Fabout%2Fmerl-about.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140213215627/http://www.reading.ac.uk/about/about-museums.aspx">"Museums and Special Collections"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reading.ac.uk/about/about-museums.aspx">the original</a> on 13 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museums+and+Special+Collections&rft.pub=University+of+Reading&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reading.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fabout-museums.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060824063511/http://www.readingmuseum.org.uk/galleries/blakes.htm">"Riverside Museum"</a>. <i>Reading Library Service</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readingmuseum.org.uk/galleries/blakes.htm">the original</a> on 24 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reading+Library+Service&rft.atitle=Riverside+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingmuseum.org.uk%2Fgalleries%2Fblakes.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.comcast.net/~aero51/html/">"Home"</a>. Museum of Berkshire Aviation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615234514/http://home.comcast.net/~aero51/html/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Museum+of+Berkshire+Aviation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.comcast.net%2F~aero51%2Fhtml%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-salters-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-salters_190-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070802161401/http://www.salterssteamers.co.uk/readhen.htm">"Reading to Henley Service"</a>. Salters Steamers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salterssteamers.co.uk/readhen.htm">the original</a> on 2 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+to+Henley+Service&rft.pub=Salters+Steamers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salterssteamers.co.uk%2Freadhen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boatserv-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boatserv_191-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070430174450/http://www.thamesrivercruise.co.uk/scheduled_trip2.asp">"Boat service from Reading to Mapledurham"</a>. Thames River Cruises. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thamesrivercruise.co.uk/scheduled_trip2.asp">the original</a> on 30 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boat+service+from+Reading+to+Mapledurham&rft.pub=Thames+River+Cruises&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thamesrivercruise.co.uk%2Fscheduled_trip2.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514074400/http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/radstock/rht/trail/trail11.html">"11 High Bridge"</a>. <i>Reading History Trail</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/radstock/rht/trail/trail11.html">the original</a> on 14 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reading+History+Trail&rft.atitle=11+High+Bridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatschool.eduweb.co.uk%2Fradstock%2Frht%2Ftrail%2Ftrail11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalexpress.com/coach/destinations/destinationdetails.cfm?t=own&location_code=61206&fromc=Reading%20-%20Calcot">"Destinations"</a>. National Express. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615134850/http://www.nationalexpress.com/coach/destinations/destinationdetails.cfm?t=own&location_code=61206&fromc=Reading%20-%20Calcot">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Destinations&rft.pub=National+Express&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalexpress.com%2Fcoach%2Fdestinations%2Fdestinationdetails.cfm%3Ft%3Down%26location_code%3D61206%26fromc%3DReading%2520-%2520Calcot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-34626113">"New park and ride for Reading in operation"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 26 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102103003/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-berkshire-34626113">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=New+park+and+ride+for+Reading+in+operation&rft.date=2015-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-berkshire-34626113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.networkrail.co.uk/aspx/6339.aspx">"Reading station area redevelopment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Network_Rail" title="Network Rail">Network Rail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228050820/http://www.networkrail.co.uk/aspx/6339.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+station+area+redevelopment&rft.pub=Network+Rail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.networkrail.co.uk%2Faspx%2F6339.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-13437508">"Reading rail station's £850m upgrade to finish early"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. London. 18 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110521095943/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-13437508">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Reading+rail+station%27s+%C2%A3850m+upgrade+to+finish+early&rft.date=2011-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-berkshire-13437508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crossrail.co.uk/project/our-plan-to-complete-the-elizabeth-line/phased-opening#:~:text=2023%20%2D%20Final%20version%20of%20the,trains%20per%20hour%20off%2Dpeak">Phased Opening</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928021557/https://www.crossrail.co.uk/project/our-plan-to-complete-the-elizabeth-line/phased-opening#:~:text=2023%20%2D%20Final%20version%20of%20the,trains%20per%20hour%20off%2Dpeak">Archived</a> 28 September 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Crossrail</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cpabac-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cpabac_198-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.users.on.net/~kevros/coleypark/oc_aerocws.htm">"The Coley Park Aerodrome and CWS Jam Works"</a>. Coley Park & Beyond (Kevin Rosier). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080223134821/http://www.users.on.net/~kevros/coleypark/oc_aerocws.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Coley+Park+Aerodrome+and+CWS+Jam+Works&rft.pub=Coley+Park+%26+Beyond+%28Kevin+Rosier%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.users.on.net%2F~kevros%2Fcoleypark%2Foc_aerocws.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-woodleyairfield-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-woodleyairfield_199-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.comcast.net/~aero51/html/">"Home"</a>. Museum of Berkshire Aviation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615234514/http://home.comcast.net/~aero51/html/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Museum+of+Berkshire+Aviation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.comcast.net%2F~aero51%2Fhtml%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstbus.co.uk/railair">"RailAir | First Bus"</a>. <i>www.firstbus.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126174415/https://www.firstbus.co.uk/railair">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.firstbus.co.uk&rft.atitle=RailAir+%7C+First+Bus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstbus.co.uk%2Frailair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heathrowexpress.com/reading-to-heathrow-airport-by-train/">"Reading to Heathrow Airport"</a>. <i>Heathrow Express Train</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126174409/https://www.heathrowexpress.com/reading-to-heathrow-airport-by-train/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heathrow+Express+Train&rft.atitle=Reading+to+Heathrow+Airport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heathrowexpress.com%2Freading-to-heathrow-airport-by-train%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reading-travelinfo.co.uk/bus.aspx">"travel Reading - Travel By Bus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council" title="Reading Borough Council">Reading Borough Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204141036/http://www.reading-travelinfo.co.uk/bus.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=travel+Reading+-+Travel+By+Bus&rft.pub=Reading+Borough+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reading-travelinfo.co.uk%2Fbus.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readibus.co.uk/">"ReadiBus The Dial-a-Ride, door-to-door assisted bus service"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ReadiBus" title="ReadiBus">ReadiBus</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165223/http://www.readibus.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ReadiBus+The+Dial-a-Ride%2C+door-to-door+assisted+bus+service&rft.pub=ReadiBus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readibus.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120904162407/http://www.reading.gov.uk/pressreleases/2011/mar/bike-hire-plans-for-reading/">"Bike Hire Plans for Reading"</a>. Reading Borough Council. 10 March 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reading.gov.uk/pressreleases/2011/mar/bike-hire-plans-for-reading/">the original</a> on 4 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bike+Hire+Plans+for+Reading&rft.pub=Reading+Borough+Council&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reading.gov.uk%2Fpressreleases%2F2011%2Fmar%2Fbike-hire-plans-for-reading%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFort2011" class="citation news cs1">Fort, Linda (15 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getreading.co.uk/news/s/2089319_green_light_for_reading_bike_hire_scheme">"Green light for Reading bike hire scheme"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Post" title="Reading Post">Reading Post</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+Post&rft.atitle=Green+light+for+Reading+bike+hire+scheme&rft.date=2011-03-15&rft.aulast=Fort&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getreading.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fs%2F2089319_green_light_for_reading_bike_hire_scheme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reading.co.uk/readybike-cycle-hire-reading/">"ReadyBike Cycle Hire Comes To An End In Reading"</a>. <i>Reading.co.uk</i>. 18 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210913111425/https://www.reading.co.uk/readybike-cycle-hire-reading/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reading.co.uk&rft.atitle=ReadyBike+Cycle+Hire+Comes+To+An+End+In+Reading&rft.date=2019-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reading.co.uk%2Freadybike-cycle-hire-reading%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-39156-church-of-st-mary-reading">"Church of St Mary, Reading"</a>. <i>British Listed Buildings</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120125134110/http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-39156-church-of-st-mary-reading">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Listed+Buildings&rft.atitle=Church+of+St+Mary%2C+Reading&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk%2Fen-39156-church-of-st-mary-reading&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007071958/http://www.readingminster.org.uk/history/detailed-history/">"Detailed history"</a>. Reading Minster of St. Mary the Virgin. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readingminster.org.uk/history/detailed-history/">the original</a> on 7 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Detailed+history&rft.pub=Reading+Minster+of+St.+Mary+the+Virgin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingminster.org.uk%2Fhistory%2Fdetailed-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rbhrra-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rbhrra_209-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord,_David_Nash2001" class="citation web cs1">Ford, David Nash (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605115545/http://www.berkshirehistory.com/churches/rdgrelic.html">"Relics from Reading Abbey"</a>. <i>Royal Berkshire History</i>. Nash Ford Publishing. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkshirehistory.com/churches/rdgrelic.html">the original</a> on 5 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Berkshire+History&rft.atitle=Relics+from+Reading+Abbey&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Ford%2C+David+Nash&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berkshirehistory.com%2Fchurches%2Frdgrelic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord" class="citation web cs1">Ford, David Nash. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091004092543/http://www.berkshirehistory.com/churches/reading_abbey_ruins.html">"Ruins of Reading Abbey"</a>. <i>Royal Berkshire History</i>. Nash Ford Publishing. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Berkshire+History&rft.atitle=Ruins+of+Reading+Abbey&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=David+Nash&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berkshirehistory.com%2Fchurches%2Freading_abbey_ruins.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldtowns.co.uk/Berkshire/reading.htm">"Reading in 1841"</a>. Old Towns Books and Maps. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927154945/http://www.oldtowns.co.uk/Berkshire/reading.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+in+1841&rft.pub=Old+Towns+Books+and+Maps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oldtowns.co.uk%2FBerkshire%2Freading.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1321952" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1321952?section=official-list-entry">"Greyfriars Church, Friar Street, Reading (1321952)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greyfriars.org.uk/history.php">the original</a> on 19 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greyfriars+Church+%E2%80%93+History&rft.pub=Greyfriars+Church+PCC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greyfriars.org.uk%2Fhistory.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crockfords100th-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-crockfords100th_214-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Crockford's Clerical Directory 2008/2009</i> (100th ed.). Church House Publishing. December 2007. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7151-1030-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7151-1030-0"><bdi>978-0-7151-1030-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crockford%27s+Clerical+Directory+2008%2F2009&rft.edition=100th&rft.pub=Church+House+Publishing&rft.date=2007-12&rft.isbn=978-0-7151-1030-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217043935/http://www.achurchnearyou.com/parishfinder.php?Reading">"Parish Finder – Reading"</a>. <i>A Church Near You</i>. <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Church+Near+You&rft.atitle=Parish+Finder+%E2%80%93+Reading&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.achurchnearyou.com%2Fparishfinder.php%3FReading&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-38939-church-of-st-james-reading">"Church of St James', Reading"</a>. <i>British Listed Buildings</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119003454/http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-38939-church-of-st-james-reading">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Listed+Buildings&rft.atitle=Church+of+St+James%27%2C+Reading&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk%2Fen-38939-church-of-st-james-reading&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726012143/http://www.passionist.org/about/historymissioncharism/saintsandblesseds/dominicbarberi">"Blessed Dominic Barberi"</a>. The Passionists of Holy Cross Province. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blessed+Dominic+Barberi&rft.pub=The+Passionists+of+Holy+Cross+Province&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.passionist.org%2Fabout%2Fhistorymissioncharism%2Fsaintsandblesseds%2Fdominicbarberi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukcpd.com/eng_diocese/portsmouth/ports_frames.htm">"The UK Catholic Parish Directory – Diocese of Portsmouth"</a>. Benet Services. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217043438/http://www.ukcpd.com/eng_diocese/portsmouth/ports_frames.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+UK+Catholic+Parish+Directory+%E2%80%93+Diocese+of+Portsmouth&rft.pub=Benet+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukcpd.com%2Feng_diocese%2Fportsmouth%2Fports_frames.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernest A. Payne, The Baptists of Berkshire through Three Centuries (London: Carey Kingsgate Press, 1951), p.19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170907201949/http://servicesguide.reading.gov.uk/kb5/reading/directory/service.page?id=yqnN9dnOs7Y">"Reading Central Seventh-day Adventist Church"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council" title="Reading Borough Council">Reading Borough Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://servicesguide.reading.gov.uk/kb5/reading/directory/service.page?id=yqnN9dnOs7Y">the original</a> on 7 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+Central+Seventh-day+Adventist+Church&rft.pub=Reading+Borough+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fservicesguide.reading.gov.uk%2Fkb5%2Freading%2Fdirectory%2Fservice.page%3Fid%3DyqnN9dnOs7Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170907201940/http://www.adventistchurches.org.uk/churches.php?Field=SEC%20(Counties)">"Southern England – Counties"</a>. <i>Adventist Church in UK and Ireland</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventistchurches.org.uk/churches.php?Field=SEC%20(Counties)">the original</a> on 7 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adventist+Church+in+UK+and+Ireland&rft.atitle=Southern+England+%E2%80%93+Counties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adventistchurches.org.uk%2Fchurches.php%3FField%3DSEC%2520%28Counties%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reading_Hebrew_Congregation-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reading_Hebrew_Congregation_222-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reading_Hebrew_Congregation_222-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhc.org.uk/">"Reading Hebrew Congregation"</a>. Reading Jewish Community. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161025185301/http://www.rhc.org.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+Hebrew+Congregation&rft.pub=Reading+Jewish+Community&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhc.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/Community/re">"Reading Liberal Jewish Community"</a>. Union of Liberal and Progressive Synagogues. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217065909/http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/Community/re/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+Liberal+Jewish+Community&rft.pub=Union+of+Liberal+and+Progressive+Synagogues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishgen.org%2Fjcr-uk%2FCommunity%2Fre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maidenheadsynagogue.org.uk/">"Maidenhead Synagogue"</a>. Maidenhead Reform Synagogue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729013931/http://www.maidenheadsynagogue.org.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maidenhead+Synagogue&rft.pub=Maidenhead+Reform+Synagogue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maidenheadsynagogue.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090519044813/http://www.centralreadingmosque.com/">"Central Jamme Mosque, Reading"</a>. Bangladesh Association Greater Reading. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centralreadingmosque.com/">the original</a> on 19 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Central+Jamme+Mosque%2C+Reading&rft.pub=Bangladesh+Association+Greater+Reading&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centralreadingmosque.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abmreading.org/page/vision-and-mission">"Construction Beginning Date"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301070437/http://abmreading.org/page/vision-and-mission">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Construction+Beginning+Date&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abmreading.org%2Fpage%2Fvision-and-mission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abmreading.org/page/vision-and-mission">"Opening Date"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301070437/http://abmreading.org/page/vision-and-mission">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opening+Date&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abmreading.org%2Fpage%2Fvision-and-mission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewitt2009" class="citation news cs1">Hewitt, Adam (19 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readingchronicle.co.uk/news/reading/articles/2009/05/19/38559-green-road-mosque-deal-signed/">"Green Road mosque deal signed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Chronicle" title="Reading Chronicle">Reading Chronicle</a></i>. Berkshire Media Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719122916/http://www.readingchronicle.co.uk/news/reading/articles/2009/05/19/38559-green-road-mosque-deal-signed/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Green+Road+mosque+deal+signed&rft.date=2009-05-19&rft.aulast=Hewitt&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingchronicle.co.uk%2Fnews%2Freading%2Farticles%2F2009%2F05%2F19%2F38559-green-road-mosque-deal-signed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getreading.co.uk/news/s/2025918_mosque_fears_aired_on_factual_website_">"Green Road Mosque Controversy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Post" title="Reading Post">Reading Post</a></i>. Surrey & Berkshire Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303051644/http://www.getreading.co.uk/news/s/2025918_mosque_fears_aired_on_factual_website_">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+Post&rft.atitle=Green+Road+Mosque+Controversy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getreading.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fs%2F2025918_mosque_fears_aired_on_factual_website_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205210806/http://learntomeditate.org/centre.htm">"About Shantideva Buddhist centre"</a>. Shantideva Buddhist centre. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learntomeditate.org/centre.htm">the original</a> on 5 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Shantideva+Buddhist+centre&rft.pub=Shantideva+Buddhist+centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.learntomeditate.org%2Fcentre.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readinghindutemple.com/">"Reading Hindu Temple"</a>. Reading Hindu Temple. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120301073527/http://www.readinghindutemple.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+Hindu+Temple&rft.pub=Reading+Hindu+Temple&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readinghindutemple.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103091232/http://rvadirectory.org.uk/org/sirigurusinghsabhagu">"Siri Guru Singh Sabha Gurdwara"</a>. Reading Voluntary Action. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rvadirectory.org.uk/org/sirigurusinghsabhagu">the original</a> on 3 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Siri+Guru+Singh+Sabha+Gurdwara&rft.pub=Reading+Voluntary+Action&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rvadirectory.org.uk%2Forg%2Fsirigurusinghsabhagu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623074628/http://www1.salvationarmy.org.uk/uki/www_uki.nsf/0/F231C93491B1589780256F9C0053EB19?Opendocument">"The Salvation Army – Reading Central"</a>. The Salvation Army United Kingdom with the Republic of Ireland. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.salvationarmy.org.uk/uki/www_uki.nsf/0/F231C93491B1589780256F9C0053EB19?Opendocument">the original</a> on 23 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Salvation+Army+%E2%80%93+Reading+Central&rft.pub=The+Salvation+Army+United+Kingdom+with+the+Republic+of+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.salvationarmy.org.uk%2Fuki%2Fwww_uki.nsf%2F0%2FF231C93491B1589780256F9C0053EB19%3FOpendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.midthamesquakers.org.uk/local-meetings/reading">"Reading – Mid-Thames Quakers"</a>. SugarCat Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120219084848/http://www.midthamesquakers.org.uk/local-meetings/reading">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+%E2%80%93+Mid-Thames+Quakers&rft.pub=SugarCat+Publishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.midthamesquakers.org.uk%2Flocal-meetings%2Freading&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.readingchristadelphians.org/">"Reading Christadelphians"</a>. Reading Christadelphians<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+Christadelphians&rft.pub=Reading+Christadelphians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingchristadelphians.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100204044927/http://www.readingfc.co.uk/page/History/0%2C%2C10306~122791%2C00.html">"The History of Reading Football Club"</a>. Reading Football Club. 2 May 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readingfc.co.uk/page/History/0,,10306~122791,00.html">the original</a> on 4 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Reading+Football+Club&rft.pub=Reading+Football+Club&rft.date=2010-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingfc.co.uk%2Fpage%2FHistory%2F0%2C%2C10306~122791%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vintagefootballers.com/biscuits-royals-reading-football-club/">"Biscuitmen Nickname"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122192406/https://www.vintagefootballers.com/biscuits-royals-reading-football-club/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biscuitmen+Nickname&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vintagefootballers.com%2Fbiscuits-royals-reading-football-club%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110507041941/http://www.readingfc.co.uk/page/Stadium/0%2C%2C10306~418118%2C00.html">"Madejski Stadium information"</a>. Reading Football Club. 4 August 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readingfc.co.uk/page/Stadium/0,,10306~418118,00.html">the original</a> on 7 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madejski+Stadium+information&rft.pub=Reading+Football+Club&rft.date=2010-08-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingfc.co.uk%2Fpage%2FStadium%2F0%2C%2C10306~418118%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-berkshire-57860294">"Reading's Madejski Stadium renamed Select Car Leasing Stadium"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 16 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Reading%27s+Madejski+Stadium+renamed+Select+Car+Leasing+Stadium&rft.date=2021-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-berkshire-57860294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFordham2009" class="citation web cs1">Fordham, Jonny (8 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getreading.co.uk/sport/football/readingfc/s/2053830_nicky_shorey_doubts_reading_fcs_106_record_will_be_beaten">"Nicky Shorey doubts Reading FC's '106' record will be beaten"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Post" title="Reading Post">Reading Post</a></i>. Surrey & Berkshire Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111125174039/http://www.getreading.co.uk/sport/football/readingfc/s/2053830_nicky_shorey_doubts_reading_fcs_106_record_will_be_beaten">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reading+Post&rft.atitle=Nicky+Shorey+doubts+Reading+FC%27s+%27106%27+record+will+be+beaten&rft.date=2009-07-08&rft.aulast=Fordham&rft.aufirst=Jonny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getreading.co.uk%2Fsport%2Ffootball%2Freadingfc%2Fs%2F2053830_nicky_shorey_doubts_reading_fcs_106_record_will_be_beaten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17751181">"Reading promotion meant to be, says Brian McDermott"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sport" title="BBC Sport">BBC Sport</a></i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.renegadesafc.com/aboutus.php">the original</a> on 15 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+us&rft.pub=Berkshire+Renegades+American+Football+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.renegadesafc.com%2Faboutus.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readinguniversityboatclub.co.uk/">"Home"</a>. 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Reading Speedway. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715161716/http://www.readingspeedway.com/tearsandglory.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Reading+half+marathon+2020+cancelled&rft.date=2020-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingchronicle.co.uk%2Fnews%2F18694976.reading-half-marathon-2020-cancelled%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706161234/http://www.britishtriathlon.org/triathlonengland//news/article.php?id=9525">"British Triathlon Celebrates 25th Anniversary"</a>. Triathlon. 11 December 2007. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Triathlon%27s+coming+home...+to+Reading&rft.date=2010-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingchronicle.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fsportsextra%2Farticles%2F2010%2F01%2F13%2F44172-triathlons-coming-home-to-reading%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111125173612/http://www.readingtownhall.co.uk/thehexagon/whatson/event.asp?id=SX355A-A7819F55">"Snooker Legends"</a>. <i>Reading Arts</i>. Reading Borough Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readingtownhall.co.uk/thehexagon/whatson/event.asp?id=SX355A-A7819F55">the original</a> on 25 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reading+Arts&rft.atitle=Snooker+Legends&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingtownhall.co.uk%2Fthehexagon%2Fwhatson%2Fevent.asp%3Fid%3DSX355A-A7819F55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120125164509/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/snooker-a-vacuum-at-the-hexagon-before-taylor-stages-a-clean-sweep-1557181.html">"Snooker: A vacuum at the Hexagon before Taylor stages a clean sweep"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. UK. 13 October 1992. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/snooker-a-vacuum-at-the-hexagon-before-taylor-stages-a-clean-sweep-1557181.html">the original</a> on 25 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Snooker%3A+A+vacuum+at+the+Hexagon+before+Taylor+stages+a+clean+sweep&rft.date=1992-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fsnooker-a-vacuum-at-the-hexagon-before-taylor-stages-a-clean-sweep-1557181.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917032000/https://www.reading.gov.uk/towntwinning">"Town twinning"</a>. <i>reading.gov.uk</i>. Reading Borough Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reading.gov.uk/towntwinning">the original</a> on 17 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reading.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Town+twinning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reading.gov.uk%2Ftowntwinning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCameron1961" class="citation book cs1">Cameron, Kenneth (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FkYOAAAAQAAJ"><i>English Place Names</i></a>. Oxford, UK: Taylor & Francis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115005856/https://books.google.com/books?id=FkYOAAAAQAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Place+Names&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFkYOAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDils1998" class="citation book cs1">Dils, Joan (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3DdqPgAACAAJ"><i>An Historical Atlas of Berkshire</i></a>. Reading, UK: Berkshire Record Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9524946-5-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9524946-5-2"><bdi>978-0-9524946-5-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115005857/https://books.google.com/books?id=3DdqPgAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Historical+Atlas+of+Berkshire&rft.place=Reading%2C+UK&rft.pub=Berkshire+Record+Society&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-9524946-5-2&rft.aulast=Dils&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3DdqPgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDitchfieldPage1923" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ditchfield" title="Peter Ditchfield">Ditchfield, P. H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_Page_(historian)" title="William Page (historian)">Page, William</a> (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031010322/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=300"><i>A History of the County of Berkshire, Volume 3</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_County_History" title="Victoria County History">Victoria County History</a>. London, UK: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Constable" title="Archibald Constable">Archibald Constable</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=300">the original</a> on 31 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+County+of+Berkshire%2C+Volume+3&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.series=Victoria+County+History&rft.pub=Archibald+Constable&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Ditchfield&rft.aufirst=P.+H.&rft.au=Page%2C+William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fsource.aspx%3Fpubid%3D300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFashamHawkes1983" class="citation book cs1">Fasham, Pete; Hawkes, John (1983). <i>Reading Abbey Rediscovered</i>. Trust for Wessex Archeology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+Abbey+Rediscovered&rft.pub=Trust+for+Wessex+Archeology&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Fasham&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft.au=Hawkes%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter1995" class="citation book cs1">Hunter, Judith (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S-lVAAAAYAAJ"><i>A History of Berkshire</i></a>. Chichester, UK: Phillimore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85033-729-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85033-729-7"><bdi>978-0-85033-729-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115005857/https://books.google.com/books?id=S-lVAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Berkshire&rft.place=Chichester%2C+UK&rft.pub=Phillimore&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-85033-729-7&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS-lVAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHylton2007" class="citation book cs1">Hylton, Stuart (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S1-YGQAACAAJ"><i>A History of Reading</i></a>. Chichester, UK: Philimore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86077-458-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86077-458-4"><bdi>978-1-86077-458-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115005858/https://books.google.com/books?id=S1-YGQAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Reading&rft.place=Chichester%2C+UK&rft.pub=Philimore&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-86077-458-4&rft.aulast=Hylton&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS1-YGQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKidner1982" class="citation book cs1">Kidner, R.W. (1982) [1974]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YLEMAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Reading to Tonbridge Line</i></a>. Locomotion Papers (3rd ed.). Salisbury, UK: The Oakwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780853611561" title="Special:BookSources/9780853611561"><bdi>9780853611561</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-5493">0305-5493</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115005858/https://books.google.com/books?id=YLEMAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reading+to+Tonbridge+Line&rft.place=Salisbury%2C+UK&rft.series=Locomotion+Papers&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=The+Oakwood+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.issn=0305-5493&rft.isbn=9780853611561&rft.aulast=Kidner&rft.aufirst=R.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYLEMAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawes_Long1836" class="citation book cs1">Lawes Long, Henry (1836). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iGUGAAAAQAAJ"><i>Observations upon certain Roman roads and towns in the south of Britain</i></a>. Whitefish, US: Kessinger Legacy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115005904/https://books.google.com/books?id=iGUGAAAAQAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Observations+upon+certain+Roman+roads+and+towns+in+the+south+of+Britain&rft.place=Whitefish%2C+US&rft.pub=Kessinger+Legacy&rft.date=1836&rft.aulast=Lawes+Long&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiGUGAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips1980" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, Daphne (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JG0aAAAACAAJ"><i>The Story of Reading</i></a>. Newbury, UK: Countryside Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-905392-07-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-905392-07-3"><bdi>978-0-905392-07-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115005904/https://books.google.com/books?id=JG0aAAAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Reading&rft.place=Newbury%2C+UK&rft.pub=Countryside+Books&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-905392-07-3&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Daphne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJG0aAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlade2001" class="citation book cs1">Slade, Cecil (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-ENqAAAACAAJ"><i>The Town of Reading and Its Abbey</i></a>. Reading, UK: MRM Associates Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9517719-4-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9517719-4-5"><bdi>978-0-9517719-4-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115005904/https://books.google.com/books?id=-ENqAAAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Town+of+Reading+and+Its+Abbey&rft.place=Reading%2C+UK&rft.pub=MRM+Associates+Limited&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-9517719-4-5&rft.aulast=Slade&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-ENqAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSowan2004" class="citation book cs1">Sowan, Adam (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ywOhpoq0tKsC"><i>Abattoirs Road to Zinzan Street</i></a>. Reading, UK: <a href="/wiki/Two_Rivers_Press" title="Two Rivers Press">Two Rivers Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-901677-36-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-901677-36-2"><bdi>978-1-901677-36-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115010404/https://books.google.com/books?id=ywOhpoq0tKsC">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abattoirs+Road+to+Zinzan+Street&rft.place=Reading%2C+UK&rft.pub=Two+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-901677-36-2&rft.aulast=Sowan&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DywOhpoq0tKsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaters1990" class="citation book cs1">Waters, Laurence (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PTSZAAAACAAJ"><i>Reading</i></a>. Rail Centres. Shepperton, UK: <a href="/wiki/Ian_Allan_Publishing" title="Ian Allan Publishing">Ian Allan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7110-1937-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7110-1937-9"><bdi>978-0-7110-1937-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115010404/https://books.google.com/books?id=PTSZAAAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading&rft.place=Shepperton%2C+UK&rft.series=Rail+Centres&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7110-1937-9&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPTSZAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWykes1970" class="citation book cs1">Wykes, Alan (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KhkhAAAAMAAJ"><i>Reading</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780333061190" title="Special:BookSources/9780333061190"><bdi>9780333061190</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115010404/https://books.google.com/books?id=KhkhAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=9780333061190&rft.aulast=Wykes&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKhkhAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReading%2C+Berkshire" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading,_Berkshire&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Reading,_Berkshire" title="Template:Reading, Berkshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Reading,_Berkshire" title="Template talk:Reading, Berkshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Reading,_Berkshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Reading, Berkshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Reading,_Berkshire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reading, Berkshire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Reading,_Berkshire" title="Culture of Reading, Berkshire">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Reading,_Berkshire" title="Economy of Reading, Berkshire">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Reading,_Berkshire" title="History of Reading, Berkshire">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Reading,_Berkshire" title="List of people from Reading, Berkshire">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Reading,_Berkshire" title="List of schools in Reading, Berkshire">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Reading,_Berkshire" title="Sport in Reading, Berkshire">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Reading,_Berkshire" title="Timeline of Reading, Berkshire">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Reading,_Berkshire" title="Transport in Reading, Berkshire">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constituencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading Central">Reading Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_West_and_Mid_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading West and Mid Berkshire">Reading West and Mid Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earley_and_Woodley" class="mw-redirect" title="Earley and Woodley">Earley and Woodley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1973_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1973 Reading Borough Council election">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1976 Reading Borough Council election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1979 Reading Borough Council election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1983 Reading Borough Council election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1986 Reading Borough Council election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1987 Reading Borough Council election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1988 Reading Borough Council election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1990 Reading Borough Council election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1991 Reading Borough Council election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1992 Reading Borough Council election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1994 Reading Borough Council election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1995 Reading Borough Council election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1996 Reading Borough Council election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1997 Reading Borough Council election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="1999 Reading Borough Council election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2000 Reading Borough Council election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2001 Reading Borough Council election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2002 Reading Borough Council election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2003 Reading Borough Council election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2004 Reading Borough Council election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2006 Reading Borough Council election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2007 Reading Borough Council election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2008 Reading Borough Council election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2010 Reading Borough Council election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2011 Reading Borough Council election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2012 Reading Borough Council election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2014 Reading Borough Council election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2015 Reading Borough Council election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2016 Reading Borough Council election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2018 Reading Borough Council election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2019 Reading Borough Council election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2021 Reading Borough Council election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2022 Reading Borough Council election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2023 Reading Borough Council election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Reading_Borough_Council_election" title="2024 Reading Borough Council election">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suburbs and areas<br />within the borough</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caversham,_Reading" title="Caversham, Reading">Caversham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caversham_Heights" title="Caversham Heights">Caversham Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caversham_Park_Village" title="Caversham Park Village">Caversham Park Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coley,_Berkshire" title="Coley, Berkshire">Coley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coley_Park" title="Coley Park">Coley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Reading" title="East Reading">East Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmer_Green" title="Emmer Green">Emmer Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Park,_Reading" title="Green Park, Reading">Green Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horncastle,_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Horncastle, Berkshire">Horncastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katesgrove" title="Katesgrove">Katesgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Caversham" title="Lower Caversham">Lower Caversham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtown,_Reading" title="Newtown, Reading">Newtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norcot" title="Norcot">Norcot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southcote,_Berkshire" title="Southcote, Berkshire">Southcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilehurst" title="Tilehurst">Tilehurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Reading,_Berkshire" title="West Reading, Berkshire">West Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitley,_Reading" title="Whitley, Reading">Whitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitley_Wood" title="Whitley Wood">Whitley Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wards_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Wards of the United Kingdom">Electoral wards</a><br />within the borough</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_(Reading_ward)" title="Abbey (Reading ward)">Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_(Reading_ward)" title="Battle (Reading ward)">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caversham_(Reading_ward)" title="Caversham (Reading ward)">Caversham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caversham_Heights_(Reading_ward)" title="Caversham Heights (Reading ward)">Caversham Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(Reading_ward)" title="Church (Reading ward)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coley_(Reading_ward)" title="Coley (Reading ward)">Coley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmer_Green_(Reading_ward)" title="Emmer Green (Reading ward)">Emmer Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katesgrove" title="Katesgrove">Katesgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentwood_(Reading_ward)" title="Kentwood (Reading ward)">Kentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norcot" title="Norcot">Norcot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_(Reading_ward)" title="Park (Reading ward)">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlands_(Reading_ward)" title="Redlands (Reading ward)">Redlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southcote,_Berkshire" title="Southcote, Berkshire">Southcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_(Reading_ward)" title="Thames (Reading ward)">Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilehurst_(Reading_ward)" title="Tilehurst (Reading ward)">Tilehurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitley,_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitley, Berkshire">Whitley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suburbs and areas<br />outside the borough</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beansheaf_Farm" title="Beansheaf Farm">Beansheaf Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcot,_Berkshire" title="Calcot, Berkshire">Calcot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earley" title="Earley">Earley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fords_Farm" title="Fords Farm">Fords Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holybrook" title="Holybrook">Holybrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Heath,_Berkshire" title="Little Heath, Berkshire">Little Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Earley" title="Lower Earley">Lower Earley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earley" title="Earley">Maiden Erlegh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purley_on_Thames" title="Purley on Thames">Purley on Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilehurst_Without_(civil_parish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilehurst Without (civil parish)">Tilehurst Without</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodley,_Berkshire" title="Woodley, Berkshire">Woodley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_Berkshire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Berkshire" title="Template:Berkshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Berkshire" title="Template talk:Berkshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Berkshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Berkshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_Berkshire" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Berkshire" title="Portal:Berkshire">Berkshire Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest" title="Bracknell Forest">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Slough" title="Borough of Slough">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire" title="West Berkshire">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Windsor_and_Maidenhead" title="Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wokingham" title="Borough of Wokingham">Wokingham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascot,_Berkshire" title="Ascot, Berkshire">Ascot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell" title="Bracknell">Bracknell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earley" title="Earley">Earley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton,_Berkshire" title="Eton, Berkshire">Eton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungerford" title="Hungerford">Hungerford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidenhead" title="Maidenhead">Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbury,_Berkshire" title="Newbury, Berkshire">Newbury</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhurst,_Berkshire" title="Sandhurst, Berkshire">Sandhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatcham" title="Thatcham">Thatcham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire" title="Windsor, Berkshire">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokingham" title="Wokingham">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodley,_Berkshire" title="Woodley, Berkshire">Woodley</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in Berkshire">List of civil parishes in Berkshire</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Berkshire" title="Category:Country houses in Berkshire">Country houses</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Berkshire" title="Flag of Berkshire">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Berkshire" title="Grade I listed buildings in Berkshire">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Berkshire" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Berkshire">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Berkshire" title="High Sheriff of Berkshire">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Berkshire" title="History of Berkshire">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Berkshire" title="Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Berkshire" title="List of museums in Berkshire">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Berkshire">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Berkshire" title="List of places in Berkshire">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Berkshire_by_population" title="List of settlements in Berkshire by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Berkshire" title="List of public art in Berkshire">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Berkshire" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Berkshire">SSSIs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_South_East_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SE_England" title="Template:SE England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SE_England" title="Template talk:SE England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SE_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SE England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_South_East_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest" title="Bracknell Forest">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Slough" title="Borough of Slough">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire" title="West Berkshire">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Windsor_and_Maidenhead" title="Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wokingham" title="Borough of Wokingham">Wokingham</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg/200px-South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg/300px-South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg/400px-South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council" title="Buckinghamshire Council">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastbourne" title="Eastbourne">Eastbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings" title="Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewes_District" title="Lewes District">Lewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rother_District" title="Rother District">Rother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealden_District" title="Wealden District">Wealden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basingstoke_and_Deane" title="Basingstoke and Deane">Basingstoke and Deane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hampshire" title="East Hampshire">East Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Eastleigh" title="Borough of Eastleigh">Eastleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Fareham" title="Borough of Fareham">Fareham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosport" title="Gosport">Gosport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_District" title="Hart District">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Havant" title="Borough of Havant">Havant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forest_District" title="New Forest District">New Forest</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushmoor" title="Rushmoor">Rushmoor</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_Valley" title="Test Valley">Test Valley</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Ashford" title="Borough of Ashford">Ashford</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Dartford" title="Borough of Dartford">Dartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover_District" title="Dover District">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folkestone_and_Hythe_District" title="Folkestone and Hythe District">Folkestone and Hythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravesham" title="Gravesham">Gravesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Maidstone" title="Borough of Maidstone">Maidstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks_District" title="Sevenoaks District">Sevenoaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swale" title="Borough of Swale">Swale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanet_District" title="Thanet District">Thanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonbridge_and_Malling" title="Tonbridge and Malling">Tonbridge and Malling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Tunbridge_Wells" title="Borough of Tunbridge Wells">Tunbridge Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherwell_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherwell District">Cherwell</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Oxfordshire" title="South Oxfordshire">South Oxfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_of_White_Horse" title="Vale of White Horse">Vale of White Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Oxfordshire" title="West Oxfordshire">West Oxfordshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Elmbridge" title="Borough of Elmbridge">Elmbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsom_and_Ewell" title="Epsom and Ewell">Epsom and Ewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Guildford" title="Borough of Guildford">Guildford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_Valley" title="Mole Valley">Mole Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reigate_and_Banstead" title="Reigate and Banstead">Reigate and Banstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Runnymede" title="Borough of Runnymede">Runnymede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Spelthorne" title="Borough of Spelthorne">Spelthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey_Heath" title="Surrey Heath">Surrey Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandridge_District" title="Tandridge District">Tandridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Waverley" title="Borough of Waverley">Waverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woking" title="Woking">Woking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adur_District" title="Adur District">Adur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_District" title="Arun District">Arun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chichester_District" title="Chichester District">Chichester</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawley" title="Crawley">Crawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsham_District" title="Horsham District">Horsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_Sussex_District" title="Mid Sussex District">Mid Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worthing" title="Worthing">Worthing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unitary_authorities_of_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template talk:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unitary_authorities_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset" title="Bath and North East Somerset">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Bedford" title="Borough of Bedford">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen" title="Blackburn with Darwen">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Blackpool" title="Borough of Blackpool">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest" title="Bracknell Forest">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_(district)" title="Buckinghamshire (district)">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire" title="Central Bedfordshire">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East" title="Cheshire East">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester" title="Cheshire West and Chester">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham_(district)" title="County Durham (district)">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland (district)">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Darlington" title="Borough of Darlington">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_(district)" title="Dorset (district)">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Hartlepool" title="Borough of Hartlepool">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton" title="Luton">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Middlesbrough" title="Borough of Middlesbrough">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire" title="North East Lincolnshire">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire" title="North Lincolnshire">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire" title="North Northamptonshire">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset" title="North Somerset">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_(district)" title="North Yorkshire (district)">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland" title="Redcar and Cleveland">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_(district)" title="Shropshire (district)">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Slough" title="Borough of Slough">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Southend-on-Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire" title="South Gloucestershire">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Stockton-on-Tees" title="Borough of Stockton-on-Tees">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swindon" title="Borough of Swindon">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin" title="Telford and Wrekin">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay" title="Torbay">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Warrington" title="Borough of Warrington">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire" title="West Berkshire">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness" title="Westmorland and Furness">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire" title="West Northamptonshire">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_(district)" title="Wiltshire (district)">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Windsor_and_Maidenhead" title="Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wokingham" title="Borough of Wokingham">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/125px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/188px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/250px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset_Council" title="Bath and North East Somerset Council">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Borough_Council" title="Bedford Borough Council">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen_Borough_Council" title="Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackpool_Council" title="Blackpool Council">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole_Council" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest_Council" title="Bracknell Forest Council">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council" title="Brighton and Hove City Council">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_City_Council" title="Bristol City Council">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council" title="Buckinghamshire Council">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire_Council" title="Central Bedfordshire Council">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East_Council" title="Cheshire East Council">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester_Council" title="Cheshire West and Chester Council">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council" title="Cornwall Council">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="County Durham Council">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Council" title="Cumberland Council">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Darlington Borough Council">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_City_Council" title="Derby City Council">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Council_(UK)" title="Dorset Council (UK)">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Council" title="East Riding of Yorkshire Council">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halton_Borough_Council" title="Halton Borough Council">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartlepool_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartlepool Borough Council">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire_Council" title="Herefordshire Council">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Council" title="Isle of Wight Council">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council" title="Hull City Council">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_City_Council" title="Leicester City Council">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council" title="Luton Borough Council">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway_Council" title="Medway Council">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_Council" title="Middlesbrough Council">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_City_Council" title="Milton Keynes City Council">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire_Council" title="North East Lincolnshire Council">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire_Council" title="North Lincolnshire Council">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="North Northamptonshire Council">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset_Council" title="North Somerset Council">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Council" title="North Yorkshire Council">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County_Council" title="Northumberland County Council">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_City_Council" title="Nottingham City Council">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council" title="Peterborough City Council">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_City_Council" title="Plymouth City Council">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_City_Council" title="Portsmouth City Council">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council" title="Reading Borough Council">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland_Borough_Council" title="Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_County_Council" title="Rutland County Council">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Council" title="Shropshire Council">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_Borough_Council" title="Slough Borough Council">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Council" title="Somerset Council">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_City_Council" title="Southampton City Council">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea_City_Council" title="Southend-on-Sea City Council">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire_Council" title="South Gloucestershire Council">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton-on-Tees_Borough_Council" title="Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent_City_Council" title="Stoke-on-Trent City Council">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon_Borough_Council" title="Swindon Borough Council">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin_Council" title="Telford and Wrekin Council">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council" title="Thurrock Council">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay_Council" title="Torbay Council">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_Borough_Council" title="Warrington Borough Council">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire_Council" title="West Berkshire Council">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness_Council" title="Westmorland and Furness Council">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="West Northamptonshire Council">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council" title="Wiltshire Council">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Maidenhead_Borough_Council" title="Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokingham_Borough_Council" title="Wokingham Borough Council">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York_Council" title="City of York Council">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset_Council_elections" title="Bath and North East Somerset Council elections">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Borough_Council_elections" title="Bedford Borough Council elections">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen_Borough_Council_elections" title="Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council elections">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackpool_Borough_Council_elections" title="Blackpool Borough Council elections">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole_Council_elections" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council elections">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest_Borough_Council_elections" title="Bracknell Forest Borough Council elections">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_elections" title="Brighton and Hove City Council elections">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_City_Council_elections" title="Bristol City Council elections">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council_elections" title="Buckinghamshire Council elections">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire_Council_elections" title="Central Bedfordshire Council elections">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East_Council_elections" title="Cheshire East Council elections">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester_Council_elections" title="Cheshire West and Chester Council elections">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council_elections" title="Cornwall Council elections">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_County_Council_elections" title="Durham County Council elections">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Council_elections" title="Cumberland Council elections">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_Borough_Council_elections" title="Darlington Borough Council elections">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_City_Council_elections" title="Derby City Council elections">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Council_elections" title="Dorset Council elections">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Council_elections" title="East Riding of Yorkshire Council elections">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halton_Borough_Council_elections" title="Halton Borough Council elections">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartlepool_Borough_Council_elections" title="Hartlepool Borough Council elections">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire_Council_elections" title="Herefordshire Council elections">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Council_elections" title="Isle of Wight Council elections">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly_elections" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly elections">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council_elections" title="Hull City Council elections">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_City_Council_elections" title="Leicester City Council elections">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council_elections" title="Luton Borough Council elections">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway_Council_elections" title="Medway Council elections">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_Council_elections" title="Middlesbrough Council elections">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton Keynes Council elections">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire_Council_elections" title="North East Lincolnshire Council elections">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire_Council_elections" title="North Lincolnshire Council elections">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire_Council_elections" title="North Northamptonshire Council elections">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset_Council_elections" title="North Somerset Council elections">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Council_elections" title="North Yorkshire Council elections">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County_Council_elections" title="Northumberland County Council elections">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_City_Council_elections" title="Nottingham City Council elections">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council_elections" title="Peterborough City Council elections">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_City_Council_elections" title="Plymouth City Council elections">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_City_Council_elections" title="Portsmouth City Council elections">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council_elections" title="Reading Borough Council elections">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland_Borough_Council_elections" title="Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council elections">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_County_Council_elections" title="Rutland County Council elections">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Council_elections" title="Shropshire Council elections">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_Borough_Council_elections" title="Slough Borough Council elections">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Somerset County Council elections">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_City_Council_elections" title="Southampton City Council elections">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea_City_Council_elections" title="Southend-on-Sea City Council elections">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire_Council_elections" title="South Gloucestershire Council elections">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton-on-Tees_Borough_Council_elections" title="Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council elections">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent_City_Council_elections" title="Stoke-on-Trent City Council elections">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon_Borough_Council_elections" title="Swindon Borough Council elections">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin_Council_elections" title="Telford and Wrekin Council elections">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council_elections" title="Thurrock Council elections">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay_Council_elections" title="Torbay Council elections">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_Borough_Council_elections" title="Warrington Borough Council elections">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire_Council_elections" title="West Berkshire Council elections">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness_Council_elections" title="Westmorland and Furness Council elections">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire_Council_elections" title="West Northamptonshire Council elections">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council_elections" title="Wiltshire Council elections">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Maidenhead_Borough_Council_elections" title="Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council elections">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokingham_Borough_Council_elections" title="Wokingham Borough Council elections">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York_Council_elections" title="City of York Council elections">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="London_commuter_belt" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_commuter_belt" title="Template:London commuter belt"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_commuter_belt" title="Template talk:London commuter belt"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_commuter_belt" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London commuter belt"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="London_commuter_belt" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/London_commuter_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="London commuter belt">London commuter belt</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Home_counties" title="Home counties">Home counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="London Commuter Belt"><img alt="London Commuter Belt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg/150px-London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg/225px-London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg/300px-London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="739" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">Greater London Built-up Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnborough/Aldershot_Built-up_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnborough/Aldershot Built-up Area">Farnborough/Aldershot Built-up Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Wycombe_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="High Wycombe Urban Area">High Wycombe Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton/Dunstable_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton/Dunstable Urban Area">Luton/Dunstable Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway"> Medway Towns Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading/Wokingham_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading/Wokingham Urban Area">Reading/Wokingham Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Southend Urban Area">Southend Urban Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Cities and towns<br />(100k+)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelmsford" title="Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawley" title="Crawley">Crawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildford" title="Guildford">Guildford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Wycombe" title="High Wycombe">High Wycombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton" title="Luton">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Towns<br />(25k–99k)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldershot" title="Aldershot">Aldershot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashford,_Surrey" title="Ashford, Surrey">Ashford, Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aylesbury" title="Aylesbury">Aylesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basildon" title="Basildon">Basildon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basingstoke" title="Basingstoke">Basingstoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billericay" title="Billericay">Billericay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Stortford" title="Bishop's Stortford">Bishop's Stortford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borehamwood" title="Borehamwood">Borehamwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell" title="Bracknell">Bracknell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentwood,_Essex" title="Brentwood, Essex">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Hill" title="Burgess Hill">Burgess Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camberley" title="Camberley">Camberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvey_Island" title="Canvey Island">Canvey Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Kent" title="Chatham, Kent">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshunt" title="Cheshunt">Cheshunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunstable" title="Dunstable">Dunstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsom" title="Epsom">Epsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewell" title="Ewell">Ewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earley" title="Earley">Earley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnborough,_Hampshire" title="Farnborough, Hampshire">Farnborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnham" title="Farnham">Farnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet,_Hampshire" title="Fleet, Hampshire">Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillingham,_Kent" title="Gillingham, Kent">Gillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend">Gravesend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grays,_Essex" title="Grays, Essex">Grays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow" title="Harlow">Harlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpenden" title="Harpenden">Harpenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatfield,_Hertfordshire" title="Hatfield, Hertfordshire">Hatfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemel_Hempstead" title="Hemel Hempstead">Hemel Hempstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsham" title="Horsham">Horsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitchin" title="Hitchin">Hitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leighton_Buzzard" title="Leighton Buzzard">Leighton Buzzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letchworth" title="Letchworth">Letchworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughton" title="Loughton">Loughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidenhead" title="Maidenhead">Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayleigh,_Essex" title="Rayleigh, Essex">Rayleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redhill,_Surrey" title="Redhill, Surrey">Redhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Kent" title="Rochester, Kent">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Tunbridge_Wells" title="Royal Tunbridge Wells">Royal Tunbridge Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittingbourne" title="Sittingbourne">Sittingbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans" title="St Albans">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevenage" title="Stevenage">Stevenage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strood" title="Strood">Strood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbury-on-Thames" title="Sunbury-on-Thames">Sunbury-on-Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonbridge" title="Tonbridge">Tonbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ware,_Hertfordshire" title="Ware, Hertfordshire">Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watford" title="Watford">Watford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welwyn_Garden_City" title="Welwyn Garden City">Welwyn Garden City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickford" title="Wickford">Wickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire" title="Windsor, Berkshire">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woking" title="Woking">Woking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokingham" title="Wokingham">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodley,_Berkshire" title="Woodley, Berkshire">Woodley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Towns<br />(10k–25k)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addlestone" title="Addlestone">Addlestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amersham" title="Amersham">Amersham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtead" title="Ashtead">Ashtead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldock" title="Baldock">Baldock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaconsfield" title="Beaconsfield">Beaconsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkhamsted" title="Berkhamsted">Berkhamsted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broxbourne" title="Broxbourne">Broxbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckhurst_Hill" title="Buckhurst Hill">Buckhurst Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushey" title="Bushey">Bushey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chertsey" title="Chertsey">Chertsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesham" title="Chesham">Chesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigwell" title="Chigwell">Chigwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corringham,_Essex" title="Corringham, Essex">Corringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croxley_Green" title="Croxley Green">Croxley Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorking" title="Dorking">Dorking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Grinstead" title="East Grinstead">East Grinstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Malling" title="East Malling">East Malling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englefield_Green" title="Englefield Green">Englefield Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping,_Essex" title="Epping, Essex">Epping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frimley" title="Frimley">Frimley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogmore,_Hampshire" title="Frogmore, Hampshire">Frogmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godalming" title="Godalming">Godalming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadleigh,_Essex" title="Hadleigh, Essex">Hadleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haywards_Heath" title="Haywards Heath">Haywards Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertford" title="Hertford">Hertford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoddesdon" title="Hoddesdon">Hoddesdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horley" title="Horley">Horley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Regis" title="Houghton Regis">Houghton Regis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knaphill" title="Knaphill">Knaphill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leatherhead" title="Leatherhead">Leatherhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlow,_Buckinghamshire" title="Marlow, Buckinghamshire">Marlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potters_Bar" title="Potters Bar">Potters Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reigate" title="Reigate">Reigate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickmansworth" title="Rickmansworth">Rickmansworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochford" title="Rochford">Rochford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhurst,_Berkshire" title="Sandhurst, Berkshire">Sandhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks" title="Sevenoaks">Sevenoaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snodland" title="Snodland">Snodland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepperton" title="Shepperton">Shepperton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Benfleet" title="South Benfleet">South Benfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southborough,_Kent" title="Southborough, Kent">Southborough, Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staines-upon-Thames" title="Staines-upon-Thames">Staines-upon-Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford-le-Hope" title="Stanford-le-Hope">Stanford-le-Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanwell" title="Stanwell">Stanwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanley" title="Swanley">Swanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thundersley" title="Thundersley">Thundersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tring" title="Tring">Tring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Abbey" title="Waltham Abbey">Waltham Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Cross" title="Waltham Cross">Waltham Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodford_Green" title="Woodford Green">Woodford Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yateley" title="Yateley">Yateley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Viking_activity_in_Great_Britain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Viking_activity_in_Great_Britain" title="Template:Viking activity in Great Britain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Viking_activity_in_Great_Britain" title="Template talk:Viking activity in Great Britain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Viking_activity_in_Great_Britain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Viking activity in Great Britain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Viking_activity_in_Great_Britain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Viking_activity_in_the_British_Isles" title="Viking activity in the British Isles">Viking activity in Great Britain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anglo-Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major monarchs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offa_of_Mercia" title="Offa of Mercia">Offa of Mercia</a> (757–796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lla_of_Northumbria" title="Ælla of Northumbria">Ælla of Northumbria</a> (unk–867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_the_Martyr" title="Edmund the Martyr">Edmund the Martyr</a> of East Anglia (855–869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_the_Unready" title="Æthelred the Unready">Æthelred the Unready</a> (978–1013, 1014–1016)</li> <li>Wessex: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecgberht,_King_of_Wessex" title="Ecgberht, King of Wessex">Ecgberht</a> (802–839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwulf,_King_of_Wessex" title="Æthelwulf, King of Wessex">Æthelwulf</a> (839–858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">Alfred the Great</a> (871–899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Elder" title="Edward the Elder">Edward the Elder</a> (899–924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan" title="Æthelstan">Æthelstan</a> (924–939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadred" title="Eadred">Eadred</a> (946–954</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred,_Lord_of_the_Mercians" title="Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians">Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 881</span>–911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfl%C3%A6d" title="Æthelflæd">Æthelflæd</a>, Lady of the Mercians (911–918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odda,_Ealdorman_of_Devon" title="Odda, Ealdorman of Devon">Odda, Ealdorman of Devon</a> (878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfhere,_Ealdorman_of_Wiltshire" title="Wulfhere, Ealdorman of Wiltshire">Wulfhere, Ealdorman of Wiltshire</a> (855–?877)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monarchs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Kn%C3%BDtlinga" title="House of Knýtlinga">Knýtlinga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harthacnut" title="Harthacnut">Harthacnut</a> (1035–1042)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnut" title="Cnut">Cnut</a> (1016–1035)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Harefoot" title="Harold Harefoot">Harold Harefoot</a> (1035–1040)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svein_Knutsson" title="Svein Knutsson">Svein Knutsson</a> (1030–1035)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guthred" title="Guthred">Guthred</a> (883–895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Bloodaxe" title="Eric Bloodaxe">Eric Bloodaxe</a> (947–948, 952–954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amla%C3%ADb_Cuar%C3%A1n" title="Amlaíb Cuarán">Amlaíb Cuarán</a> (941–944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gofraid_ua_%C3%8Dmair" title="Gofraid ua Ímair">Gofraid ua Ímair</a> (921–934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Guthfrithson" title="Olaf Guthfrithson">Olaf Guthfrithson</a> (939–941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnall_ua_%C3%8Dmair" title="Ragnall ua Ímair">Ragnall ua Ímair</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 914</span>–921)</li></ul></li> <li>England <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Forkbeard" title="Sweyn Forkbeard">Sweyn Forkbeard</a> (1013–1014)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecgberht_I_of_Northumbria" title="Ecgberht I of Northumbria">Ecgberht I of Northumbria</a> (867–872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgred_of_Mercia" title="Burgred of Mercia">Burgred of Mercia</a> (852–874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceolwulf_II_of_Mercia" title="Ceolwulf II of Mercia">Ceolwulf II of Mercia</a> (874–880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eohric_of_East_Anglia" title="Eohric of East Anglia">Eohric of East Anglia</a> (917–927)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivar_the_Boneless" title="Ivar the Boneless">Ivar the Boneless</a> (865–870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfdan_Ragnarsson" title="Halfdan Ragnarsson">Halfdan Ragnarsson</a> (865–877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubba" title="Ubba">Ubba</a> (865–878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hvitserk" title="Hvitserk">Hvitserk</a> (865–870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guthrum" title="Guthrum">Guthrum</a> (874–890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastein#"Hastein"_in_England" title="Hastein">Hastein</a> (892–896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorkell_the_Tall" title="Thorkell the Tall">Thorkell the Tall</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 970</span>–1024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viking raids: 793–850</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne#Vikings" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a> (793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Sheppey#Vikings" title="Isle of Sheppey">Isle of Sheppey</a> (835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hingston_Down" title="Battle of Hingston Down">Battle of Hingston Down</a> (838)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rochester,_Kent#Saxon" title="History of Rochester, Kent">Battle of Rochester</a> (842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carhampton#History" title="Carhampton">Carhampton</a> (843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aclea" title="Battle of Aclea">Battle of Aclea</a> (851)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First invasion 865–896</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Great_Heathen_Army(865–78)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Heathen_Army" title="Great Heathen Army">Great Heathen Army</a><br />(865–78)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_York_(867)" title="Battle of York (867)">Battle of York</a> (867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nottingham#Anglo-Saxon_era" title="History of Nottingham">Siege of Nottingham</a> (867)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Englefield" title="Battle of Englefield">Battle of Englefield</a> (870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ashdown" title="Battle of Ashdown">Battle of Ashdown</a> (871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meretun" title="Battle of Meretun">Battle of Meretun</a> (871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basing" title="Battle of Basing">Battle of Basing</a> (871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Reading_(871)" title="Battle of Reading (871)">Battle of Reading</a> (871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanage#History" title="Swanage">Sea Battle near Swanage</a> (877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chippenham" title="Battle of Chippenham">Battle of Chippenham</a> (878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cynwit" title="Battle of Cynwit">Battle of Cynwit</a> (878)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Edington" title="Battle of Edington">Battle of Edington</a> (878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London#Anglo-Saxon_and_Viking_period_London" title="London">Battle of London</a> (886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter#Medieval_times" title="Exeter">Siege of Exeter</a> (893, 1001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnham#The_Anglo-Saxon_period" title="Farnham">Battle of Fearnhamme</a> (893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benfleet" title="Battle of Benfleet">Battle of Benfleet</a> (894)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">The Danelaw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buttington" title="Battle of Buttington">Buttington</a> (893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_(894)" title="Battle of Stamford (894)">First Stamford</a> (894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Holme" title="Battle of the Holme">The Holme</a> (902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tettenhall" title="Battle of Tettenhall">Tettenhall</a> (910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tempsford" title="Battle of Tempsford">Tempsford</a> (917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Derby" title="Battle of Derby">Derby</a> (917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_(918)" title="Battle of Stamford (918)">Second Stamford</a> (918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corbridge" title="Battle of Corbridge">Corbridge</a> (918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh" title="Battle of Brunanburh">Brunanburh</a> (937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stainmore" title="Battle of Stainmore">Stainmore</a> (954)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second invasion: 980–1012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">The Danelaw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maldon" title="Battle of Maldon">Maldon</a> (991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pinhoe" title="Battle of Pinhoe">Battle of Pinhoe</a> (1001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Alton" title="First Battle of Alton">First Alton</a> (1001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Brice%27s_Day_massacre" title="St Brice's Day massacre">St Brice's Day</a> (1002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ringmere" title="Battle of Ringmere">Ringmere</a> (1010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cnut%27s_invasion_of_England" title="Cnut's invasion of England">Cnut's invasion</a> (1015–1016)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brentford_(1016)" title="Battle of Brentford (1016)">Brentford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Assandun" title="Battle of Assandun">Assandun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harald_Hardrada#Invasion_of_England" title="Harald Hardrada">Harald's invasion</a> (1066)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fulford" title="Battle of Fulford">Fulford</a> (1066)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_Bridge" title="Battle of Stamford Bridge">Stamford Bridge</a> (1066)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viking settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a> (865–896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_York" title="Scandinavian York">Jorvik</a> (866–954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Empire" title="North Sea Empire">North Sea Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English <a href="/wiki/Petty_kingdom" title="Petty kingdom">petty kingdoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> (519–927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a> (410–825)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> (653–954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a> (527–918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">East Anglia</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 550</span>–918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Wedmore" title="Treaty of Wedmore">Treaty of Wedmore</a> (886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alfred_and_Guthrum" title="Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum">Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 890</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh_(poem)" title="Battle of Brunanburh (poem)">"Battle of Brunanburh" (poem)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuerdale_Hoard" title="Cuerdale Hoard">Cuerdale Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_runestones" title="England runestones">England runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furness_Hoard" title="Furness Hoard">Furness Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin" title="List of English words of Old Norse origin">List of English words of Old Norse origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse%E2%80%93Gaels" title="Norse–Gaels">Norse–Gaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Lodbrok" title="Ragnar Lodbrok">Ragnar Lodbrok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_and_Scandinavian_diaspora_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nordic and Scandinavian diaspora in the United Kingdom">Nordic and Scandinavian diaspora in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverdale_Hoard" title="Silverdale Hoard">Silverdale Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_of_York_Hoard" title="Vale of York Hoard">Vale of York Hoard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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