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German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Timation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timation" title="Timation – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Timation" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timation" title="Timation – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Timation" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timation" title="Timation – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Timation" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Managers_for_the_Timation_program.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Managers_for_the_Timation_program.jpg/220px-Managers_for_the_Timation_program.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Managers_for_the_Timation_program.jpg/330px-Managers_for_the_Timation_program.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Managers_for_the_Timation_program.jpg/440px-Managers_for_the_Timation_program.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="2096" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Naval_Research_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Research Laboratory">Naval Research Laboratory</a>’s managers for the Timation program and, later, the GPS program: <a href="/wiki/Roger_L._Easton" title="Roger L. Easton">Roger L. Easton</a> (left) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Bartholomew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Bartholomew (page does not exist)">Al Bartholomew</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timation_I_(rectangular_object_in_center_of_photo).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Timation_I_%28rectangular_object_in_center_of_photo%29.jpg/220px-Timation_I_%28rectangular_object_in_center_of_photo%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Timation_I_%28rectangular_object_in_center_of_photo%29.jpg/330px-Timation_I_%28rectangular_object_in_center_of_photo%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Timation_I_%28rectangular_object_in_center_of_photo%29.jpg/440px-Timation_I_%28rectangular_object_in_center_of_photo%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2831" data-file-height="2265" /></a><figcaption>Timation 1 (rectangular object in center of photo), launched May 31, 1967, tested in a "piggyback" launch aboard an Air Force Thor-Agena D rocket</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Timation <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellites</a></b> were conceived, developed, and launched by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Research_Laboratory" title="United States Naval Research Laboratory">United States Naval Research Laboratory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> beginning in 1964. The concept of Timation was to broadcast an accurate time reference for use as a ranging signal to receivers on the ground. </p><p>On 31 May 1967, the Timation 1 satellite was launched.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by the Timation 2 (NRL-PL 169) satellite launch in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973 the U.S. Navy Timation and the Air Force System 621B navigation system (known as the DNSS - Defense Navigation Satellite System) are consolidated by the Deputy Secretary of Defense.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Navigation_Technology_Satellite_%E2%80%93_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Navigation_Technology_Satellite_%E2%80%93_II.jpg/220px-Navigation_Technology_Satellite_%E2%80%93_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Navigation_Technology_Satellite_%E2%80%93_II.jpg/330px-Navigation_Technology_Satellite_%E2%80%93_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Navigation_Technology_Satellite_%E2%80%93_II.jpg/440px-Navigation_Technology_Satellite_%E2%80%93_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="2649" /></a><figcaption>Navigation Technology Satellite 2 (Timation 4)</figcaption></figure> <p>Two more advanced Timation satellites are launched.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NTS-1 - Navigation Technology Satellite (Timation 3) is launched in 1974,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while NTS-2 (Timation 4) is launched in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The results of this program and Air Force Project 621B formed the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">Global Positioning System</a> (GPS). The Navy's contribution to the GPS program continued to be focused on ever more accurate clocks.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a historical connection between accurate time keeping, navigation, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a>. In 1714, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British government</a> passed the <i><a href="/wiki/Longitude_Act" title="Longitude Act">Longitude Act</a></i> (see <a href="/wiki/Longitude_prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Longitude prize">longitude prize</a>) to create an incentive to solve the problem of navigation at sea. The solution, developed by <a href="/wiki/John_Harrison" title="John Harrison">John Harrison</a>, was an accurate clock which could compare local time to <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>, England time. To this day, <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">Coordinated Universal Time</a> (UTC), the successor of <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a> (GMT), is the reference time for the planet, and in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the official time for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> (DoD) is kept by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Observatory" title="United States Naval Observatory">U.S. Naval Observatory</a> in Washington, D.C. This is kept in <a href="/wiki/Synchronization" title="Synchronization">synchronization</a> with the official civilian time reference maintained by <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> (NIST) and contributes to the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Time" title="International Atomic Time">International Atomic Time</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Satellites">Satellites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Satellites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Satellite </th> <th>Launch </th> <th>Launch Pad </th> <th>Launcher </th> <th>NSSDC ID </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Timation 1 </td> <td>31 May 1967 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SLC-2W" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-2W">SLC 2W</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">Thor-DM21 Agena-D</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1967-053E<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>with <a href="/wiki/Poppy_(satellite)" title="Poppy (satellite)">Poppy</a> 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D; <a href="/wiki/Calsphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Calsphere">Calsphere</a> 3, 4; NRL-PL 150B and OPS 5712 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Timation 2 </td> <td>30 September 1969 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SLC_1W" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC 1W">SLC 1W</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">Thorad-SLV2G Agena-D</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1969-082B<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>with Poppy 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D; Tempsat 2; SOICAL Cone, Cylinder; Weston; NRL-PL 176 </td></tr> <tr> <td>NTS-1 (Timation 3) </td> <td>14 July 1974 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SLC-3W" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-3W">SLC 3W</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas_E/F#Atlas_E/F-PTS" title="Atlas E/F">Atlas F PTS</a><sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1974-054A<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NTS-2 (Timation 4) </td> <td>23 June 1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SLC-3W" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-3W">SLC 3W</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas_E/F#Atlas_E/F-SGS" title="Atlas E/F">Atlas F SGS-1</a><sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1977-053A<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/timation.htm">"Timation 1, 2"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=Timation+1%2C+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Ftimation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/t/timation.html">"Timation"</a>. <i>www.astronautix.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.astronautix.com&rft.atitle=Timation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Ft%2Ftimation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100213100725/http://support.radioshack.com/support_tutorials/gps/gps_tmline.htm">"GPS Timeline"</a>. 13 February 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.radioshack.com/support_tutorials/gps/gps_tmline.htm">the original</a> on 13 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GPS+Timeline&rft.date=2010-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupport.radioshack.com%2Fsupport_tutorials%2Fgps%2Fgps_tmline.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/nts-1.htm">"NTS 1 (P73-3)"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=NTS+1+%28P73-3%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Fnts-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/nts-2.htm">"NTS 2 (P76-4)"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=NTS+2+%28P76-4%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Fnts-2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR.L._BeardJ._MurrayJ.D._White1986" class="citation web cs1">R.L. Beard; J. Murray & J.D. White (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606212707/http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/ptti/1986/Vol%2018_03.pdf">"GPS Clock Technology and the Navy PTTI programs at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 39, 40. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/ptti/1986/Vol%2018_03.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GPS+Clock+Technology+and+the+Navy+PTTI+programs+at+the+U.S.+Naval+Research+Laboratory&rft.pages=39%2C+40&rft.date=1986&rft.au=R.L.+Beard&rft.au=J.+Murray&rft.au=J.D.+White&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftycho.usno.navy.mil%2Fptti%2F1986%2FVol%252018_03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimation" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/utcnist.cfm#usno">"NIST Time"</a>. <i>NIST</i>. 3 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIST&rft.atitle=NIST+Time&rft.date=2010-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fpml%2Fdiv688%2Futcnist.cfm%23usno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimation" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ncst-www.nrl.navy.mil/NCSTOrigin/Timation.html#Timation">Timation Satellite Program (navy.mil)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080630161749/http://ncst-www.nrl.navy.mil/NCSTOrigin/Timation.html#Timation">Archived</a> 30 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thespacereview.com/article/626/1">Who invented the Global Positioning System? 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou#BeiDou-1" title="BeiDou">BDS / BeiDou-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_(satellite)" title="Transit (satellite)">Transit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Timation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsiklon_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsiklon (satellite)">Tsiklon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/GNSS_augmentation" title="GNSS augmentation">GNSS augmentation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Geostationary_Navigation_Overlay_Service" title="European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service">EGNOS</a></li> <li><a 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