CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91342db66af33e14',cH: 'dlfNS9UNSaS8_V0ifGDdiejHWw6YL.doIsdgp_l3t24-1739778543-1.2.1.1-G8dTMtTu1GB7.qCwhghDCghhXahtVooTBXNeAjGNMOOsDTXA7v5DyB7z5fJeTX3z',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Shazia%20Shamim&__cf_chl_tk=58m5nMM.mCM4N5tyiZIIpiZS3AviK.qtPahF03ADa0c-1739778543-1.0.1.1-i3c5TauZjDRDBmC0hm6mfAN9tM0mxe93I6t4FlawdbQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739778543',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Shazia%20Shamim&__cf_chl_f_tk=58m5nMM.mCM4N5tyiZIIpiZS3AviK.qtPahF03ADa0c-1739778543-1.0.1.1-i3c5TauZjDRDBmC0hm6mfAN9tM0mxe93I6t4FlawdbQ",md: "OmhUfa5TKOSC305aMK0ga56hiW6H11wVqRGrQdA1a44-1739778543-1.2.1.1-ni_m9oe5F9ML1SnQmrAERf9xR_D.h58nuJwbQ6qCMRvbyafVbV3MDPbmLyyVCUCKM6_XY9RGF58dw4CCm.HogWH6yFRmOxzzYmiPrQFs_6GzlxZpcd_MfFT2Aqf1nwDHrJWnKRHsMLZ1SWDfaXWrwxhVgdteZMDPPybAkM0zWE9UudBir5SWgSWAzdG4rCVVlluVXgbFOXKTr2q9hARnWIRpaZtvGhRe.Euy._2Vi2MwMmMsnP3VNTpiSH8GxHh1YGRof8Chl_FXvsTx8cWXe9xBTsp8zwIF.hREkkfxs9GfIGKM8hddv_JtK3jY3VEHawmGfTOnqWzFFFr9946ug8BwAfBal8jq0VDAn4dqnViihs4uBpTYJdHjLml5nbhdZCb1LasQPYiU6rNWq71wWZZ4L5sfUUg18tGjxWWWhdxDkPw3htPvL28UlEiS.dgmXL_viFRtPdec5_GIl.r8Akrd9hATt2fhPpGxVtO3ijFbe0..thG9E5ikmHBkYdAnv14TwPGp2gOD8W.3oPXdlCclVb7dHWYTslQCNlMDagVIBYCUzLpPSj3Lo91bSmaNtyTZ1b_MaUTZqbuHcVSPKTizt31ZXpjpwGUio8kB3b.NCYPoViNebodw9z3kle7dt8ovbvDb1Dhd8Js.vB1lj1TowVgpY6fTE9kfynWIkwmuWpXk_Ma8g_rn1a_VQqn9cH6wc4Rrv6d_e.GgLVq6Y1fHOccyo0cpb0I1IqS55G9kjXMM7ze0o2AVJEUwYMkrHUqJvNat3If3w3BGw.Bo7EvznNfO7r_a3Kqu8ONVlxs6E6dUdnZGIw9Z_DbmHorH1.JDa2X2.i3iQFIz3ef80vbTU.Jjd2FjaNoQqPTqNTNxYkaubGb4wmE_b3NnCVcJZYdeG02UVtnVJY6iDxnvsJ1PonWwmQvzswgjV70VzzWPtnapQjPGwyrYDShNBi1gdNSBAJCI8NuFMIBezAJhaazLxJCU54HNhuvYvPOxiUG2bADoaRQJwpbRJaA4UyY0jtf2wmLikWAAvJwT0Gv9VkYnNe7vDtdRErL1AJwIhd12t6eovGbTXMyLD.NHdncMu9elMjA06M0S5upfCylGDE.2u3Cn6BPdBTuvmL2wiUuV4QEOX4T4x5utKwxNfHWlmnC4GvG7DsJd_AiWN6tyoHzbcyxLYs5hWOxkoyoqEH78E6.E9wnJC_d6YEhG7TVeBFMyTIAq8wCoMmgOGqFHXQXse6Sx71LjcoeE.pRSyvjSlJmixXMCI2A4J0HkUrPnqvgCyXmtUkpbp64saN._SNl1Dm2_5yPa8A0XWgHZZzyb9L7JQvkm9b5nMYP4Hl19QU2iGji220KC4Twdaq9lRJSt6Y6vn2EThfk0lY9fvXGGviYBfrZvMOm_Vas1OxWa8y6JL0oL7BenRqGF3SWJjQyn878xd_1WKdDxnlz88CWt8kNbXbUL.aysWYVYNNIEvEyDhtwTcxWnQ_oNTG.TmLo1HkwRIFkcpwUMzoFlYA9tRpA.uMYD2.n9B3UnChgXp3YNEd09i.8HvCmhgHhaHbFY1KGITyJyaPInolRpYIlPEaoxq3s1oBqeaR7A4whHxI9V1CUkK_cQ.RXfAT44YKytY5vOXH078AswQhPNoAItXcCEFaZ12epIoceQ1HjAP_JktEsgBN8_gL7InrVR.aHv7aXvqmb473PTyU0XoyYO0_vrOIXk6spi10IbwdMqrPKGRrOaJsrPfrzvBKEHnlshsTKH4um7JBLIas8RkXURvsK22DriR9BV3lLBZlW4yjjwhX34DbKwfsAqOLBHFh3AUEdVl9PJJL95NTjLkli4_nRQZQXlHhMnIrw4kP_Heic7x.mMBs7QG9OIm3htARrEAfHmRDxXiRi5xg5t6iIr.E4OxrSn1TsfTs0BnMNEQQKQ_5B_bKZzZokgFRre2ppOQmd.Bc5.EvHWxwdzTbs",mdrd: "a2fIKgTivgcaCQNlWE8NfUqMBgjvdbMaMJTETX49pDI-1739778543-1.2.1.1-Q6_o1hpGvmlyaxgKAfxCfklUkWxX9DXeiBrYj2A.JShKUh2BgQ0NhxiIsDwMSxBcJmOUr5PDi86IWTVMJPSS2h0ZNWy8vc4u9Y7mSzRg4psqTrJ.HGNYmTvugFCtxrDp6.KH4LL45OqMGVOzyEMCRkLfuZchKB.7CowZ.J9_nVhaoAG3e90hqqzlWVbwj8m8Cn8W1tcrMzAgaKjo7wQI_CwUppfKnJR9v6hqlY.SFlWhcedIEn9bdwBkKyjW3VwzWO6FDDEwbiKvobG9OlHmUoZULbrg6xgZdBw9RVggEIUighAcPCOCM0gudoCS.DVeHUvbjqWUWpQWcAyTfhJIHruAehU9LaMpJcoeRqXnHyImtGznSHvpOjicsh7p3cLWnn_NcTI4HhibKnWEmPbWDukWOPbZqMjjp.3N3axQSLfs5ApcXt5YIBG4Ai608_V4faq44MxSRsYVm3lVMu9aIqRU6CQEk1hcza0jldP.2Wi_4um7pLZfcqwHqqR0JVJSKS2sS3jiykQm3NDqNzJ6v0ALDDOv2J72xoRBty5aYxxiOoUCL4Y1q0RGise2YZBN6RXzNPfMOd8eq8Ls92wejAYi5IPeb6iqqgCrhvsvObatA_vTxEI8yN4Wwh9Jvns1xAQIMI0Yb61phl.qV2UjMKQf7qnVZnnC1Bb.nJ0RUmvbRzjLkiWadToJgL5MtURCQhWIuz.wALyWHNd7CyNveLAAtJj0A5zk4Pmvp1Yi03fQQyng5PuvuU5i5tx75S2JelDljB_JCfeVNPxzRi5TCpc1qj4QwNKbE3I6U39myx_iGHOBV0MmAhBZincc5xhO0h0uZ7Fp6l8PvOfMixy9_0M29pTG3qfVJJGwPihN79IpjDGapvUg2Bv.181.wpW.AjJG1zc8vTs96Pcwzs3KAP8Ls3nz6o3uydqYwwP9gHzlMUC7q7SfNaw_nf3kSlvP57H0Yn8HNVzoQyR7p.iz4A56.WY4SYtZ8b.xQjWBzr2CDmNCK5FerGDxYrhgy8SZrHsS97CC0L1Q.qzYQpV08O9.m7iUfueG8UsydUKQxl5w_mBuXxPPCe5_k29dfy2v6IubMKVLNf7rdP44wWExU4ABn.mh7ud3FASzA4W8p6.LoVFK2MBAR_2FwD.zSq14KvuHEQgE1i15nJuy0efG9CvAN9C9pjbP5dwLwTZxyigPDDOLyl494PA2VpMGwmcJqNj.UoJP0LktNfSJGAwu7KWFWI9C5JAhUsJG_SC0BEAoOqzbDv.6.I9cRRp8kLDjlPRltJoC75NIvtReWEIn5KQmthRHyfdR_D4IMKETiHCHVflV8vK8WHQvIiZuUbdGRkX5JlzmkYaEU6NWsUFpksTHSwliJvp3C2hx_tvB3c3XFPmlnUUfgJRTGEAChJQzxp3BVeL.8ZpoQuumW9l7XVmddqL7EcB8a3RG.kLhvD0mKGrCSlTVK1FpWeLRCZWB0_FeKWiH1nXXVlx9kViWBUJMUloh77tY.wb5NqULfvjOER71ZZ.dmFQF.JwsDs6TnCp0.GPaWcdsLtSPeyRmyTdqPNf48IwzVESq4CrH.M5OswM0.LWrV_2Kv1AtQFEcsLJfJVkjnlfOQGaKOcFaxFG07MdKpVsw7b7A28JdEy8Ma.Vqr8NM3vNEs83IE2pAKyafR70lP.sv14WejKD5taAfPdtxbzbJ5IjCG8ZbUp5p1OOQN2yohOqOk0JKKsRQfLmhfW7Z64ZvrPLFUR33BGoX7RnW3r_bmH2r.qxd4WS8T_AeIzgzn0R3BSj6UOvN495NW4zTQm88ciODvS7On5TmSDhrFrqHhv1MuItaru5oT0pWc01jNLejH.2l0ilo8HLBMGL55.bnodrufIi3izEjPBnDIC9VYV6enpN4d7zTMQQvY.faym61MH7Qd1KV8q3wv8COWRPq9vuSfNC.qZ8JqiOq3KsFgKwSjdHeTIubw.4utzIfEHbGSKgM4C0i3vjBJsDtl49O9W_c_Exn9Q"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91342db66af33e14';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Shazia%20Shamim&__cf_chl_rt_tk=58m5nMM.mCM4N5tyiZIIpiZS3AviK.qtPahF03ADa0c-1739778543-1.0.1.1-i3c5TauZjDRDBmC0hm6mfAN9tM0mxe93I6t4FlawdbQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>