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0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path> </svg> </a> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> <a href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/signup?ref_cta=Sign+up&ref_loc=header+logged+out&ref_page=%2Fgit-guides&source=header" class="d-inline-block d-lg-none f5 no-underline border color-border-default rounded-2 px-2 py-1 mr-3 mr-sm-5 color-fg-inherit" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="77a3f39c8f085f6996d70642f509653865e4b83820096db0f99b679455c53609"> Sign up </a> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1 color-fg-inherit"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path> </svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-fg-muted"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path> </svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <ul class="d-lg-flex list-style-none"> <li class="mr-0 mr-lg-3 position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0" y="0" viewbox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"><path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path></svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> <ul class="list-style-none f5 pb-1"> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--primary text-bold py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Features","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Features;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="3fc1605ea68a68dbe00474e2bd0def2e4e2dee77e38bcf714d9e37f4f84dceef" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Features","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Features;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/features"> Features <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Mobile","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Mobile;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="3264b78d46136100c6e3bbd05e08f79e8efe107e62bc874065f76373edac03a2" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Mobile","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Mobile;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/mobile"> Mobile <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Actions","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Actions;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="459a345af3c520ec24e3eb71472ef4f8186ebcb62648381ff6426fb0843898b3" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Actions","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Actions;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/features/actions"> Actions <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Codespaces","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Codespaces;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="fc61044a812d5a9631d5d5dba40569c0bd9067e6abe35c0da8a250b83322df05" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Codespaces","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Codespaces;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/features/codespaces"> Codespaces <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Packages","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Packages;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="c9fd5487374e48c8a2d7d2138d02820c3174283d65df578b271c6184f54967e7" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Packages","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Packages;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/features/packages"> Packages <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Security","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Security;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="c14b269ded5e4f218190c11738c160a95cf42d7b7d1cbe3c1a83dc1c46d1ba4e" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Security","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Security;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/features/security"> Security <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Code review","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Code review;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="170faff0901094a0c51cfb26b5fa3fd7dc632264c4ffba519d1592ab126208d2" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Code review","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Code review;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/features/code-review"> Code review <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Issues","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Issues;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="c561b1bca31f311d714c354af9f0efe8641c3249514f2366c9e242161fb2790e" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Issues","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Issues;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/features/issues"> Issues <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Integrations","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Integrations;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="1c0f0a8e56fdfd0db9af5b2359f711b13ba6b91d3b2c12bc2fa59cdb0fa0847b" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Integrations","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Integrations;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/features/integrations"> Integrations <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--primary text-bold border-top pt-4 pb-2 mt-3" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to GitHub Sponsors","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:GitHub Sponsors;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="62670b6ad5cda4f8561789e2484056976984b0747b2a5b3ab297596c42c0958f" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to GitHub Sponsors","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:GitHub Sponsors;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/sponsors"> GitHub Sponsors <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--primary text-bold py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Customer stories","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Customer stories;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="bba22414301665078982d898cb3c694ba51f4a9526db05363fbe252f52ee49a8" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Why GitHub?","action":"click to go to Customer stories","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Customer stories;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/customer-stories"> Customer stories <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="mr-0 mr-lg-3 position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center"> <a class="HeaderMenu-link no-underline py-3 d-block d-lg-inline-block" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header menu top item (logged out)","action":"click to go to Team","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Team;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="d4829c28316fc37d1befff1809a5100fe4b0506a27f141300d032f9fea9ed5bc" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header menu top item (logged out)","action":"click to go to Team","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Team;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/team">Team</a> </li> <li class="mr-0 mr-lg-3 position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center"> <a class="HeaderMenu-link no-underline py-3 d-block d-lg-inline-block" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header menu top item (logged out)","action":"click to go to Enterprise","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Enterprise;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="26108079a44558393ef877b7de111b33623cda94c3b452163d7c6b0e69c9f624" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header menu top item (logged out)","action":"click to go to Enterprise","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Enterprise;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/enterprise">Enterprise</a> </li> <li class="mr-0 mr-lg-3 position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0" y="0" viewbox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"><path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path></svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> <ul class="list-style-none f5 pb-1"> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--primary text-bold py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Explore GitHub","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Explore GitHub;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="29b0777d89d0646416469155435b0e82a163b12e9c8016ba023c8e5262aea083" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Explore GitHub","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Explore GitHub;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/explore"> Explore GitHub <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li class="color-fg-muted text-normal f6 text-mono mb-1 border-top pt-3 mt-3 mb-1">Learn and contribute</li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Topics","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Topics;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="9103f0b5191c25dcd03bf82b0e04063620985eba2c7d67c247c4ca52e5b71cc1" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Topics","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Topics;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/topics"> Topics <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Collections","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Collections;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="378a402f70a0609c55dd36aec2405ff0614487a110d99b3589fa8fefe6b1aef8" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Collections","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Collections;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/collections"> Collections <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Trending","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Trending;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="f2454d13fd9d96494a56b2e965fd0927d50762aae5d6e1cc5c1999977ea808e6" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Trending","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Trending;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/trending"> Trending <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Learning Lab","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Learning Lab;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="fc86250bbae2dd85e8145f870ac9197ce64e0c76c371b82c7b536c73cee55cc6" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Learning Lab","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Learning Lab;"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://lab.github.com/"> Learning Lab <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Open source guides","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Open source guides;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="3b295f9368aef364df65ce087595a56152329ef1e27bfe4e291cb35f3caaef48" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Open source guides","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Open source guides;"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://opensource.guide/"> Open source guides <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li class="color-fg-muted text-normal f6 text-mono mb-1 border-top pt-3 mt-3 mb-1">Connect with others</li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to The ReadME Project","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:The ReadME Project;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="db01fa43ff1ba558cd4a9637544dfecf203474be6c221badf9f4e6a56388528e" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to The ReadME Project","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:The ReadME Project;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/readme"> The ReadME Project <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Events","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Events;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="63c56b8ce8b9cb7c24429d73b6921dfaebf5e06c8e3908cc1b09d60cb5b24c40" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Events","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Events;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/events"> Events <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Community forum","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Community forum;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="b9d2432cebc417b175b715de39d2d56981aa321a59c7fff4a970ae7b8c0665de" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to Community forum","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Community forum;"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://github.community/"> Community forum <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to GitHub Education","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:GitHub Education;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="238cf4f911d44707648b80ea24b6b947eddfd2d0181cd00a07c8cbc62ea77632" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to GitHub Education","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:GitHub Education;"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://education.github.com/"> GitHub Education <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to GitHub Stars program","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:GitHub Stars program;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="d99ac8abefd7ab6de9ce123b784c11a2474995d81e64fcf52d784aa50ad60a01" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Explore","action":"click to go to GitHub Stars program","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:GitHub Stars program;"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://stars.github.com/"> GitHub Stars program <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="mr-0 mr-lg-3 position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center"> <a class="HeaderMenu-link no-underline py-3 d-block d-lg-inline-block" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header menu top item (logged out)","action":"click to go to Marketplace","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Marketplace;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="a3323cb27f4247b929f3177162254fe90f2752cbe033149eaf7a13d752d29eb3" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header menu top item (logged out)","action":"click to go to Marketplace","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Marketplace;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/marketplace">Marketplace</a> </li> <li class="mr-0 mr-lg-3 position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0" y="0" viewbox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"><path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path></svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> <ul class="list-style-none f5 pb-1"> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--primary text-bold py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Pricing","action":"click to go to Plans","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Plans;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="d1ca7f34ffb8019393fed812eec7ef0e7414309f5a6d3400e34d47400ed89019" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Pricing","action":"click to go to Plans","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Plans;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/pricing"> Plans <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Pricing","action":"click to go to Compare plans","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Compare plans;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="59afd16eec924e5c33a53d00aa7ab6ac1253856624f0388989fa43990d359c71" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Pricing","action":"click to go to Compare plans","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Compare plans;"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/pricing#compare-features"> Compare plans <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--secondary py-2" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Pricing","action":"click to go to Contact Sales","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Contact Sales;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="fec54a38346f976caab92a4518cbe8c7f6a5d53aa4f4a0ef314630afa3809687" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Pricing","action":"click to go to Contact Sales","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Contact Sales;"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/enterprise/contact"> Contact Sales <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="lh-condensed-ultra d-block no-underline Bump-link--hover position-relative Link--primary text-bold border-top pt-4 pb-2 mt-3" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Pricing","action":"click to go to Education","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Education;","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="126b6a7c19ca821e893664114d6fcdff5dcdd3408bab2b5cf8179bb08a8ec6fb" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Header dropdown (logged out), Pricing","action":"click to go to Education","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Education;"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://education.github.com/"> Education <span class="Bump-link-symbol position-absolute right-0 text-normal color-fg-muted pr-3">→</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus " data-hotkey="s,/" name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search GitHub" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search GitHub" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off"> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="DGiWTvbt7++XVutgxoabv2bBgJqmJEcHUoouOZ/Rb0PPBAnW3TMjyDZqsU/oqAJqGtbhbXg3APpCePfPhyxoEA=="/> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <ul class="d-none js-jump-to-suggestions-template-container"> <li class="d-flex flex-justify-start flex-items-center p-0 f5 navigation-item js-navigation-item js-jump-to-suggestion" role="option"> <a tabindex="-1" class="no-underline d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center jump-to-suggestions-path js-jump-to-suggestion-path js-navigation-open p-2" href="" data-item-type="suggestion"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path> </svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path> </svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path> </svg> </div> <img class="avatar mr-2 flex-shrink-0 js-jump-to-suggestion-avatar d-none" alt="" aria-label="Team" src="/web/20211121183639im_/https://github.com/git-guides" width="28" height="28"> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-subtle px-1 color-fg-muted ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span class="js-jump-to-badge-search-text-default d-none" aria-label="in all of GitHub"> Search </span> <span class="js-jump-to-badge-search-text-global d-none" aria-label="in all of GitHub"> All GitHub </span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="d-inline-block ml-1 v-align-middle">↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-subtle px-1 color-fg-muted ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span class="d-inline-block ml-1 v-align-middle">↵</span> </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="d-none js-jump-to-no-results-template-container"> <li class="d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center f5 d-none js-jump-to-suggestion p-2"> <span class="color-fg-muted">No suggested jump to results</span> </li> </ul> <ul id="jump-to-results" role="listbox" class="p-0 m-0 js-navigation-container jump-to-suggestions-results-container js-jump-to-suggestions-results-container"> <li class="d-flex flex-justify-start flex-items-center p-0 f5 navigation-item js-navigation-item js-jump-to-scoped-search d-none" role="option"> <a tabindex="-1" class="no-underline d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center jump-to-suggestions-path js-jump-to-suggestion-path js-navigation-open p-2" href="" data-item-type="scoped_search"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path> </svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path> </svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path> </svg> </div> <img class="avatar mr-2 flex-shrink-0 js-jump-to-suggestion-avatar d-none" alt="" aria-label="Team" src="/web/20211121183639im_/https://github.com/git-guides" width="28" height="28"> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-subtle px-1 color-fg-muted ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span class="js-jump-to-badge-search-text-default d-none" aria-label="in all of GitHub"> Search </span> <span class="js-jump-to-badge-search-text-global d-none" aria-label="in all of GitHub"> All GitHub </span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="d-inline-block ml-1 v-align-middle">↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-subtle px-1 color-fg-muted ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span class="d-inline-block ml-1 v-align-middle">↵</span> </div> </a> </li> <li class="d-flex flex-justify-start flex-items-center p-0 f5 navigation-item js-navigation-item js-jump-to-owner-scoped-search d-none" role="option"> <a tabindex="-1" class="no-underline d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center jump-to-suggestions-path js-jump-to-suggestion-path js-navigation-open p-2" href="" data-item-type="owner_scoped_search"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path> </svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path> </svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path> </svg> </div> <img class="avatar mr-2 flex-shrink-0 js-jump-to-suggestion-avatar d-none" alt="" aria-label="Team" src="/web/20211121183639im_/https://github.com/git-guides" width="28" height="28"> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-subtle px-1 color-fg-muted ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span class="js-jump-to-badge-search-text-default d-none" aria-label="in all of GitHub"> Search </span> <span class="js-jump-to-badge-search-text-global d-none" aria-label="in all of GitHub"> All GitHub </span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="d-inline-block ml-1 v-align-middle">↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-subtle px-1 color-fg-muted ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span class="d-inline-block ml-1 v-align-middle">↵</span> </div> </a> </li> <li class="d-flex flex-justify-start flex-items-center p-0 f5 navigation-item js-navigation-item js-jump-to-global-search d-none" role="option"> <a tabindex="-1" class="no-underline d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center jump-to-suggestions-path js-jump-to-suggestion-path js-navigation-open p-2" href="" data-item-type="global_search"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path> </svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path> </svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path> </svg> </div> <img class="avatar mr-2 flex-shrink-0 js-jump-to-suggestion-avatar d-none" alt="" aria-label="Team" src="/web/20211121183639im_/https://github.com/git-guides" width="28" height="28"> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-subtle px-1 color-fg-muted ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span class="js-jump-to-badge-search-text-default d-none" aria-label="in all of GitHub"> Search </span> <span class="js-jump-to-badge-search-text-global d-none" aria-label="in all of GitHub"> All GitHub </span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="d-inline-block ml-1 v-align-middle">↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-subtle px-1 color-fg-muted ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span class="d-inline-block ml-1 v-align-middle">↵</span> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </label> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> <a href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fgit-guides" class="HeaderMenu-link flex-shrink-0 no-underline" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="4a9c6ad3a6e4dc6d9bc64bdc6345cb7ceb087ecffd29f4e1c944850cf0a579f5" data-ga-click="(Logged out) Header, clicked Sign in, text:sign-in"> Sign in </a> </div> <a href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/signup?ref_cta=Sign+up&ref_loc=header+logged+out&ref_page=%2Fgit-guides&source=header" class="HeaderMenu-link flex-shrink-0 d-inline-block no-underline border color-border-default rounded px-2 py-1" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="4a9c6ad3a6e4dc6d9bc64bdc6345cb7ceb087ecffd29f4e1c944850cf0a579f5" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Sign up","action":"click to sign up for account","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Sign up;ref_loc:header logged out","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="89c51a4b6155d3df86a9302d632059c20dbe58740524e9c51fbc6b35edf88f98" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Sign up","action":"click to sign up for account","label":"ref_page:/git-guides;ref_cta:Sign up;ref_loc:header logged out"}"> Sign up </a> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class="container-lg px-2"> <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path> </svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div> </div> </template> </div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <main class="font-mktg"> <div class="width-full color-bg-subtle"> <div class="container-xl"> <h1 class="h2 text-normal pt-4 pl-2"><a href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/" class="Link--primary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Git Guides; location: Sub nav title; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_git_guides; ref_loc: git_guides_title","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="2652a42a175032b5119d897f5a31282fdc5a36a969495d3b5b7aa68cc20926da" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Git Guides; location: Sub nav title; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_git_guides; ref_loc: git_guides_title"}">Git Guides</a></h1> </div> </div> <div class="width-full color-bg-subtle border-bottom position-sticky js-sticky js-position-sticky top-0 z-2"> <div class="container-xl"> <nav class="UnderlineNav border-bottom-0" aria-label="Git Guides header"> <div class="UnderlineNav-body"> <a class="js-selected-navigation-item selected UnderlineNav-item" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Git; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_git; ref_loc: git_guides_nav","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="366b4c4459f0929019c8da4d515cc12e5cd7f06d411563c4791f2dcfe63e77ec" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Git; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_git; ref_loc: git_guides_nav"}" aria-current="page" data-selected-links=" /git-guides/" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/">Git</a> <a class="js-selected-navigation-item UnderlineNav-item" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Install; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_install; ref_loc: git_guides_nav","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="7211ba381f9561dc876ea6cdf590735d0b20cda3d5a537fdb9894b892856d9f9" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Install; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_install; ref_loc: git_guides_nav"}" data-selected-links=" /git-guides/install-git" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/install-git">Install</a> <a class="js-selected-navigation-item UnderlineNav-item" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Init; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_init; ref_loc: git_guides_nav","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="a7c12710e146da459e84d891d34237fcbd4610b95546bc7fa2fbe1a77e4179c1" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Init; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_init; ref_loc: git_guides_nav"}" data-selected-links=" /git-guides/git-init" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/git-init">Init</a> <a class="js-selected-navigation-item UnderlineNav-item" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Clone; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_clone; ref_loc: git_guides_nav","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="e793caf62554cbcc36f3c016bf42b1d88f59881063ad684604b9b8d66602946c" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Clone; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_clone; ref_loc: git_guides_nav"}" data-selected-links=" /git-guides/git-clone" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/git-clone">Clone</a> <a class="js-selected-navigation-item UnderlineNav-item" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Add; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_add; ref_loc: git_guides_nav","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="abf710dea3fbcdb621b38f8860980fd9b076908407bf8e2a5f65d245fe819c48" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Add; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_add; ref_loc: git_guides_nav"}" data-selected-links=" /git-guides/git-add" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/git-add">Add</a> <a class="js-selected-navigation-item UnderlineNav-item" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Commit; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_commit; ref_loc: git_guides_nav","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="046c1ad81d69c1606df0600bd26c57e42801b0de8afa8f718fd5a9c30df0a2f8" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Commit; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_commit; ref_loc: git_guides_nav"}" data-selected-links=" /git-guides/git-commit" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/git-commit">Commit</a> <a class="js-selected-navigation-item UnderlineNav-item" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Remote; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_remote; ref_loc: git_guides_nav","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="b08fe04c5b1c0f532a478397a9cd6a0d0ea4e3be28f5f8244fb086c04231e778" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Remote; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_remote; ref_loc: git_guides_nav"}" data-selected-links=" /git-guides/git-remote" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/git-remote">Remote</a> <a class="js-selected-navigation-item UnderlineNav-item" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Status; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_status; ref_loc: git_guides_nav","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="e83afbad4721c6c751ac2d23825e4946f1c599206cd68d78cf1c98b8f6d9c0e6" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Status; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_status; ref_loc: git_guides_nav"}" data-selected-links=" /git-guides/git-status" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/git-status">Status</a> <a class="js-selected-navigation-item UnderlineNav-item" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Pull; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_pull; ref_loc: git_guides_nav","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="6cf28ea4ad328184c14a3f7ba86ebef7603e46a67669dcb44a60cacec586ff15" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Pull; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_pull; ref_loc: git_guides_nav"}" data-selected-links=" /git-guides/git-pull" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/git-pull">Pull</a> <a class="js-selected-navigation-item UnderlineNav-item" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Push; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_push; ref_loc: git_guides_nav","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="9c0fb601455d8d021f135cb74f5473b49d41984725706690159e46e3961b3e58" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text: Push; location: Sub nav item; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_push; ref_loc: git_guides_nav"}" data-selected-links=" /git-guides/git-push" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/git-push">Push</a> </div> <div class="UnderlineNav-actions"> <a class="btn-mktg mr-2 git-guides-sticky-action d-none btn-small-mktg btn-muted-mktg" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text:Sign up for GitHub; location: Sub nav action; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_sign_up; ref_loc: git_guides_nav","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="4a7eb533ef076a6376722a2aeb370f9eedbfa75f577f8f166190483478db3c32" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Git Guides nav","action":"click","label":"text:Sign up for GitHub; location: Sub nav action; ref_cta: git_guides_nav_sign_up; ref_loc: git_guides_nav"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/join"> Sign up for GitHub </a> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="container-md pt-6 pt-md-11 pb-md-10 pb-5 px-4 markdown-body git-guide position-relative"> <img alt="Git remote illustration" class="width-full" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639im_/https://github.githubassets.com/images/modules/site/git-guides/git-guides.png"/> <h1><a id="user-content-git-guide" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#git-guide"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Git Guide</h1> <p>Everything you need to know about Git, from getting started to advanced commands and workflows.</p> <h2><a id="user-content-what-is-git" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#what-is-git"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>What is Git?</h2> <p>Git is distributed version control software. Version control is a way to save changes over time without overwriting previous versions. Being distributed means that every developer working with a Git repository has a copy of that entire repository - every commit, every branch, every file. If you're used to working with centralized version control systems, this is a big difference!</p> <p>Whether or not you've worked with version control before, there are a few things you should know before getting started with Git:</p> <ul> <li>Branches are lightweight and cheap, so it's OK to have many of them</li> <li>Git stores changes in SHA hashes, which work by compressing text files. That makes Git a very good version control system (VCS) for software programming, but not so good for binary files like images or videos.</li> <li>Git repositories can be connected, so you can work on one locally on your own machine, and connect it to a shared repository. This way, you can <a href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/git-push">push</a> and <a href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/git-pull">pull</a> changes to a repository and easily collaborate with others.</li> </ul> <h2><a id="user-content-why-use-git" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#why-use-git"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Why Use Git?</h2> <p>Version control is very important - without it, you risk losing your work. With Git, you can make a "commit", or a save point, as often as you'd like. You can also go back to previous commits. This takes the pressure off of you while you're working. Commit often and commit early, and you'll never have that gut sinking feeling of overwriting or losing changes.</p> <p>There are many version control systems out there - but Git has some major advantages.</p> <h3><a id="user-content-speed" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#speed"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Speed</h3> <p>Like we mentioned above, Git uses SHA compression, which makes it very fast.</p> <h3><a id="user-content-merge-conflicts" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#merge-conflicts"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Merge conflicts</h3> <p>Git can handle merge conflicts, which mean that <strong>it's OK for multiple people to work on the same file at the same time</strong>. This opens up the world of development in a way that isn't possible with centralized version control. You have access to the entire project, and if you're working on a branch, you can do whatever you need to and know that your changes are safe.</p> <h3><a id="user-content-cheap-branches" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#cheap-branches"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Cheap branches</h3> <p>Speaking of branches, Git offers a lot of flexibility and opportunity for collaboration with branches. <strong>By using branches, developers can make changes in a safe sandbox.</strong></p> <p>Instead of only committing code that is 100% sure to succeed, developers can commit code that might still need help. Then, they can push that code to the remote and get fast feedback from integrated tests or peer review.</p> <p>Without sharing the code through branches, this would never be possible.</p> <h3><a id="user-content-ease-of-roll-back" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#ease-of-roll-back"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Ease of roll back</h3> <p>If you make a mistake, it's OK! Commits are immutable, meaning they can't be changed. (<em>Note: You <em>can</em> change history, but it will create new replacement commits instead of editing the existing commits. More on that later!</em>) This means that if you do make a mistake, even on an important branch like master, it's <em>OK</em>. <strong>You can easily revert that change, or roll back the branch pointer to the commit where everything was fine.</strong></p> <p>The benefits of this can't be overstated. Not only does it create a safer environment for the project and code, but it fosters a development environment where developers can be braver, trusting that Git has their back.</p> <h2><a id="user-content-getting-started-with-git" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#getting-started-with-git"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Getting Started With Git</h2> <p>Depending on your operating system, you may already have <a href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/install-git">Git installed</a>. But, getting started means more than having the software! To get started, it's important to know the basics of how Git works. You may choose to do the actual work within a terminal, an app like GitHub Desktop, or through GitHub.com. (<em>Note: while you can interact with Git through GitHub.com, your experience may be limited. Many local tools can give you access to the most widely used Git functionalities, though only the terminal will give you access to them all.</em>)</p> <p>There are <em>many</em> ways to use Git, which doesn't necessarily make it easier! But, the fundamental Git workflow has a few main steps. You can practice all of these in the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://lab.github.com/githubtraining/introduction-to-github">Introduction to GitHub Learning Lab course</a>.</p> <h3><a id="user-content-create-a-branch" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#create-a-branch"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Create a branch</h3> <p>The main branch is usually called <code>master</code>. We want to work on <em>another</em> branch, so we can make a pull request and make changes safely. To get started, create a branch off of <code>master</code>. Name it however you'd like - but we recommend naming branches based on the function or feature that will be the focus of this branch. One person may have several branches, and one branch may have several people collaborate on it - branches are for a purpose, not a person. Wherever you currently "are" (wherever HEAD is pointing, or whatever branch you're currently "checked out" to) will be the parent of the branch you create. That means you can create branches from other branches, tags, or any commit! But, the most typical workflow is to create a branch from <code>master</code> - which represents the most current production code.</p> <h3><a id="user-content-make-change-and-make-a-commit" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#make-change-and-make-a-commit"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Make change (and make a commit)</h3> <p>Once you've created a branch, and moved the HEAD pointer to it by "checking out" to that branch, you're ready to get to work. Make the changes in your repository using your favorite text editor or IDE.</p> <p>Next, save your changes. You're ready to start the commit!</p> <p>To start your <a href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/git-commit">commit</a>, you need to let Git know what changes you'd like to include with <code>git add [file]</code>.</p> <p>Once you've saved and staged the changes, you're ready to <a href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/git-commit">make the commit</a> with <code>git commit -m "descriptive commit message"</code>.</p> <h3><a id="user-content-push-your-changes-to-the-remote" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#push-your-changes-to-the-remote"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Push your changes to the remote</h3> <p>So far, if you've made a commit locally, you're the only one that can see it. To let others see your work and begin collaboration, you should "push" your changes using <code>git push</code>. If you're pushing from a branch for the first time that you've created locally, you may need to give Git some more information. <code>git push -u origin [branch-name]</code> tells Git to push the current branch, and create a branch on the remote that matches it with the same name - and also, create a relationship with that branch, so that <code>git push</code> will be enough information in the future.</p> <p>By default, <code>git push</code> only pushes the branch that you're currently checked out to.</p> <p>Sometimes, if there has been a new commit on the branch on the <em>remote</em>, you may be blocked from pushing. Don't worry! Start with a simple <a href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/git-pull"><code>git pull</code></a> to incorporate the changes on the remote into your own local branch, resolve any conflicts or finish the merge from the remote into the local branch, and then try the push again.</p> <h3><a id="user-content-open-a-pull-request" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#open-a-pull-request"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Open a pull request</h3> <p>Pushing a branch, or new commits, to a remote repository is enough if a pull request already exists, but if it's the first time you're pushing that branch, you should open a new pull request. A pull request is a comparison of two branches - typically <code>master</code>, or the branch that the feature branch was created from, and the feature branch. This way, like branches, pull requests are scoped around a specific function or addition of work, rather than the person making the changes or amount of time the changes will take.</p> <p>Pull requests are the powerhouse of GitHub. Integrated tests can automatically run on pull requests, giving you immediate feedback on your code. Peers can give detailed code reviews, letting you know if there are changes to make, or if it's ready to go.</p> <p>Make sure you start your pull requests off with the right information. Put yourself in the shoes of your teammates, or even of your future self. Include information about what this change relates to, what prompted it, what is already done, what is left to do, and any specific asks for help or reviews. Include links to relevant work or conversations. Pull request templates can help make this process easy by automating the starting content of the body of pull requests.</p> <h3><a id="user-content-collaborate-get-feedback-from-tests-or-peers-make-more-commits-locally-and-then-push-them-up-and-get-more-feedback" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#collaborate-get-feedback-from-tests-or-peers-make-more-commits-locally-and-then-push-them-up-and-get-more-feedback"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Collaborate (get feedback from tests or peers, make more commits locally and then push them up and get more feedback)</h3> <p>Once the pull request is open, then the real fun starts. It's important to recognize that pull requests aren't meant to be open when work is <em>finished</em>. Pull requests should be open when work is <em>beginning</em>! The earlier you open a pull request, the more visibility the entire team has to the work that you're doing. When you're ready for feedback, you can get it by integrating tests or requesting reviews from teammates.</p> <p>It's very likely that you will want to make more changes to your work. That's great! To do that, make more commits on the same branch. Once the new commits are present on the remote, the pull request will update and show the most recent version of your work.</p> <h3><a id="user-content-merge-into-master" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#merge-into-master"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Merge into master</h3> <p>Once you and your team decide that the pull request looks good, you can merge it. By merging, you integrate the feature branch into the other branch (most typically the <code>master</code> branch). Then, <code>master</code> will be updated with your changes, and your pull request will be closed. Don't forget to delete your branch! You won't need it anymore. Remember, branches are lightweight and cheap, and you should create a new one when you need it based on the most recent commit on the <code>master</code> branch.</p> <p>If you choose not to merge the pull request, you can also close pull requests with unmerged changes.</p> <h2><a id="user-content-how-to-use-git" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#how-to-use-git"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>How to Use Git</h2> <h3><a id="user-content-learning--mastering-git-commands" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#learning--mastering-git-commands"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Learning & Mastering Git Commands</h3> <p>If you're getting started with Git, a great place to start is the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://github.github.io/training-kit/">Git Cheat sheet</a>. It's translated into many languages, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/github/training-kit">open source as a part of the <code>github/training-kit</code> repository</a>, and a great starting place for the fundamentals on the command line.</p> <p>Some of the most important and most used commands that you'll find there are:</p> <ul> <li><code>git clone [url]</code>: <a href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides/git-clone">Clone</a> (download) a repository that already exists on GitHub, including all of the files, branches, and commits.</li> <li><code>git status</code>: Always a good idea, this command shows you what branch you're on, what files are in the working or staging directory, and any other important information.</li> <li><code>git branch</code>: This shows the existing branches in your local repository. You can also use <code>git branch [banch-name]</code> to create a branch from your current location, or <code>git branch --all</code> to see all branches, both the local ones on your machine, and the remote tracking branches stored from the last <code>git pull</code> or <code>git fetch</code> from the remote.</li> <li><code>git checkout [branch-name]</code>: Switches to the specified branch and updates the working directory.</li> <li><code>git add [file]</code>: Snapshots the file in preparation for versioning, adding it to the staging area.</li> <li><code>git commit -m "descriptive message"</code>: Records file snapshots permanently in version history.</li> <li><code>git pull</code>: Updates your current local working branch with all new commits from the corresponding remote branch on GitHub. <code>git pull</code> is a combination of <code>git fetch</code> and <code>git merge</code>.</li> <li><code>git push</code>: Uploads all local branch commits to the remote.</li> <li><code>git log</code>: Browse and inspect the evolution of project files.</li> <li><code>git remote -v</code>: Show the associated remote repositories and their stored name, like <code>origin</code>.</li> </ul> <h3><a id="user-content-getting-started-with-github" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#getting-started-with-github"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path> </svg></a>Getting Started With GitHub</h3> <p>If you're wondering where Git ends and GitHub begins, you're not alone. They are tied closely together to make working with them both a seamless experience. While Git takes care of the underlying version control, GitHub is the collaboration platform built on top of it. GitHub is the place for pull requests, comments, reviews, integrated tests, and so much more. Most developers work locally to develop, and use GitHub for collaboration. That ranges from using GitHub to host the shared remote repository, to working with colleagues and capitalizing on features like protected branches, code review, GitHub Actions, and more.</p> <p>The best place to practice using Git and GitHub is the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://lab.github.com/githubtraining/introduction-to-github">Introduction to GitHub Learning Lab course</a>.</p> <p>If you already know Git and need to sign up for a GitHub account, head over to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/">github.com</a>.</p> <p class="mt-5 f5 color-fg-muted"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/github/training-kit/blob/master/git-guides/git-overview.md">Contribute to this article</a> on GitHub. </p> <div class="container-md mt-3 mt-10"> <div class="mx-auto px-3 col-10 rounded-2 p-6 border no-underline text-center"> <h3 class="h4-mktg color-fg-default mb-2">Get started with git and GitHub</h3> <p class="color-fg-muted mb-5">Review code, manage projects, and build software alongside 40 million developers.</p> <a class="btn-mktg mr-1 mb-3" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Git Guides footer","action":"click","label":"text:Sign up for GitHub; location: Get started with GitHub box; ref_page: /git-guides; ref_cta: end_of_article_sign_up; ref_loc: git_guides_end_of_article","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="8aaedd8bd12c033c5456606011e68383b3073267bbac38ea6d8ccca2c2b523b4" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Git Guides footer","action":"click","label":"text:Sign up for GitHub; location: Get started with GitHub box; ref_page: /git-guides; ref_cta: end_of_article_sign_up; ref_loc: git_guides_end_of_article"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/join"> Sign up for GitHub </a> <a class="btn-mktg mb-3 btn-muted-mktg" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Git Guides footer","action":"click","label":"text:Sign in; location: Get started with GitHub box; ref_page: /git-guides; ref_cta: end_of_article_sign_in; ref_loc: git_guides_end_of_article","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="b9f60e4b1d9ff2d400ea7580dc7615ef933348d4857a48fda32d8344cca49e32" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Git Guides footer","action":"click","label":"text:Sign in; location: Get started with GitHub box; ref_page: /git-guides; ref_cta: end_of_article_sign_in; ref_loc: git_guides_end_of_article"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/login"> Sign in </a> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <footer class="footer pt-6 position-relative"> <div class="container-lg p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-wrap py-5 mb-5"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4 mb-5"> <a href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to home","label":"text:home","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="fd6a2466b0e4b87b65915893464da6fa2f02aefa180e9154d500c5002e70ce9d" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to home","label":"text:home"}" class="color-fg-default" aria-label="Go to GitHub homepage"> <img class="footer-logo-mktg" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639im_/https://github.githubassets.com/images/modules/site/icons/footer/github-logo.svg" width="84" height="30" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="GitHub"> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-3 col-lg-2 mb-6 mb-md-2 pr-3 pr-lg-0 pl-lg-4"> <h2 class="h5 mb-3 text-mono color-fg-muted text-normal"> Product </h2> <ul class="list-style-none color-fg-muted f5"> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to features","label":"text:features","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="410560e4ee6f767b490f2e334ab3dde2a1f49ddd4445a523a35d885dc93053cf" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to features","label":"text:features"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/features">Features</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to security","label":"text:security","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="a74b097d689d42f836a822fedfafcdd9c7039bf50e2668117782e696cfa4ef8f" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to security","label":"text:security"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/security">Security</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to team","label":"text:team","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="4b8120364ce4715af5ea88c6320461fe99c5988e121e7277c923bb8eead603ce" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to team","label":"text:team"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/team">Team</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to enterprise","label":"text:enterprise","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="d3089211a347d85249e59e0de9b7f159a12503169e2d927c718a3929f3e82b43" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to enterprise","label":"text:enterprise"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/enterprise">Enterprise</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to customer stories","label":"text:customer stories","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="eb92cea15e5b31ac916e200ac626efde75074d6dfd6a01512a24b9759e2579e1" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to customer stories","label":"text:customer stories"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/customer-stories?type=enterprise">Customer stories</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to the readme project","label":"text:the readme project","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="374a45a38cf694f9a39a5f0ff1d28531cbb3f2e758534037ed5e235057621bed" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to the readme project","label":"text:the readme project"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/readme">The ReadME Project</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to pricing","label":"text:pricing","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="a4cd9b6536ba67c75e48f74ce0f9aa98ad1ebf3438e799667f8e044a5177a522" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to pricing","label":"text:pricing"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/pricing">Pricing</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to resources","label":"text:resources","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="52ebd8deb8f6e5e81582a7f24e3b7f93325efbcf72ecf95a3ff03b302a592526" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to resources","label":"text:resources"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://resources.github.com/">Resources</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to roadmap","label":"text:roadmap","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="4b7dd7bbd2e2801a7811340800afcd1688b9dd32af4bf5b58e20aa961bc27d21" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to roadmap","label":"text:roadmap"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/github/roadmap">Roadmap</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-3 col-lg-2 mb-6 mb-md-2 pr-3 pr-md-0 pl-md-4"> <h2 class="h5 mb-3 text-mono color-fg-muted text-normal"> Platform </h2> <ul class="list-style-none f5"> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to api","label":"text:api","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="ec2d6104ab3a8c8c66a85b49514ea32308cd20dda0d431638f72f4937f21958a" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to api","label":"text:api"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://docs.github.com/">Developer API</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to partner","label":"text:partner","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="6efd85d78c15991e338828e19b0b1b14d762e07b3bcd7d3577f7b4deed22ea21" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to partner","label":"text:partner"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://partner.github.com/">Partners</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to atom","label":"text:atom","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="d6241418bab22639f8d1292708e3282b07eb089bf1cd238fc040bb4aa19cf563" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to atom","label":"text:atom"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://atom.io/">Atom</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to electron","label":"text:electron","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="b26ad094dec9b6b65c44776c2e5ff5cca20dac28c934aa1986e5a01f59634878" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to electron","label":"text:electron"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://www.electronjs.org/">Electron</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to desktop","label":"text:desktop","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="2c0113cd5ed3440074dfa8347849f22563f1b24434a45bb83606d8c2ea39a53e" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to desktop","label":"text:desktop"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://desktop.github.com/">GitHub Desktop</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-3 col-lg-2 mb-6 mb-md-2 pr-3 pr-md-0 pl-md-4"> <h2 class="h5 mb-3 text-mono color-fg-muted text-normal"> Support </h2> <ul class="list-style-none f5"> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to help","label":"text:Docs","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="189c7e8b5aa85d533b5102dc0f6e090ac632fc24aadae90a2cc85479a9ce594c" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to help","label":"text:Docs"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://docs.github.com/">Docs</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to community","label":"text:community","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="0e358fd9fe3715feae7f3348313d34708b434e2f95fea75d13c0bd226701307b" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to community","label":"text:community"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://github.community/">Community Forum</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to professional services","label":"text:professional services","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="010734bb4033a4a96a9536391e4239f5f600ecc30ebd3e4ec723f374d2421453" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to professional services","label":"text:professional services"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://services.github.com/">Professional Services</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to learning lab","label":"text:learning lab","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="e60820f000add57d3664a880155033eb4b41324e4280eff1f279a091bd50f69a" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to learning lab","label":"text:learning lab"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://lab.github.com/">Learning Lab</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to status","label":"text:status","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="f7632f9f05590dd54f98036ecb3ca2678fd6c7b5c58cbb834185e30b34581915" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to status","label":"text:status"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://www.githubstatus.com/">Status</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to contact","label":"text:contact","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="8e0a38f21e8b5fe6e7e73afc8146c7b691c0667a59c47b1f609c6b39a3a54e46" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to contact","label":"text:contact"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://support.github.com/?tags=dotcom-footer">Contact GitHub</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-3 col-lg-2 mb-6 mb-md-2 pr-3 pr-md-0 pl-md-4"> <h2 class="h5 mb-3 text-mono color-fg-muted text-normal"> Company </h2> <ul class="list-style-none f5"> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to about","label":"text:about","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="88ec5b488ff45dc15691c4e8bb5851a73900f2697cd466dac933ffa216337df1" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to about","label":"text:about"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/about">About</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to blog","label":"text:blog","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="a74a837c7a47df87e783e18e219a1dedb0896494f1498553053f1f69d4ad271b" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to blog","label":"text:blog"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://github.blog/">Blog</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to careers","label":"text:careers","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="7aa8ecfff1b0770a0a78633a3ba4c18dfb2f08cff6e73a32690532a8dfa755aa" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to careers","label":"text:careers"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/about/careers">Careers</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to press","label":"text:press","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="d49beb631cbd67de0a0bebe5618f07848a01adaba4b670380b22af534273ea2b" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to press","label":"text:press"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/about/press">Press</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to diversity","label":"text:Inclusion","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="bcc055a32218998dc8207c0f45670b1651703a922ce66a4e96e6c521186c8c2e" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to diversity","label":"text:Inclusion"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/about/diversity">Inclusion</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to social impact","label":"text:social impact","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="37a042ec369d78a0d510dacd3df72f88564e77e9bc8ad01a922c5296228127e2" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to social impact","label":"text:social impact"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://socialimpact.github.com/">Social Impact</a> </li> <li class="lh-condensed mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to shop","label":"text:shop","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="119cf4218970de3080731ba554baf0a8b210a8e40bdea46616c859edd2b8e507" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to shop","label":"text:shop"}" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://shop.github.com/">Shop</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="color-bg-subtle"> <div class="container-lg p-responsive f6 py-4 d-sm-flex flex-justify-between flex-row-reverse flex-items-center"> <ul class="list-style-none d-flex flex-items-center mb-3 mb-sm-0 lh-condensed-ultra"> <li class="mr-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://twitter.com/github" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to Twitter","label":"text:twitter","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="7677aef49222525d15cb57ed4b9d648283d48204fd6f6b1c847cd6803c8b6257" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to Twitter","label":"text:twitter"}" class="color-fg-subtle"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639im_/https://github.githubassets.com/images/modules/site/icons/footer/twitter.svg" height="18" width="22" class="d-block" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Twitter icon"> <span class="sr-only">GitHub on Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li class="mr-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://www.facebook.com/GitHub" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to Facebook","label":"text:facebook","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="5b23933c4f608d2ec144ffbd02c550dc03df4187045a68ecfd647190e8cdb3cb" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to Facebook","label":"text:facebook"}" class="color-fg-subtle"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639im_/https://github.githubassets.com/images/modules/site/icons/footer/facebook.svg" width="18" height="18" class="d-block" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Facebook icon"> <span class="sr-only">GitHub on Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li class="mr-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://www.youtube.com/github" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to YouTube","label":"text:youtube","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="77e94a075405b3f08a6c0dac9d40c57e441893fa8b9aca00197b9c0d0cf35d67" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to YouTube","label":"text:youtube"}" class="color-fg-subtle"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639im_/https://github.githubassets.com/images/modules/site/icons/footer/youtube.svg" width="23" height="16" class="d-block" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="YouTube icon"> <span class="sr-only">GitHub on YouTube</span> </a> </li> <li class="mr-3 flex-self-start"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://www.linkedin.com/company/github" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to Linkedin","label":"text:linkedin","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="5701bbbc73e2e380027403942c2a31e2195baeec4d0667c400690accdb8b2d03" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to Linkedin","label":"text:linkedin"}" class="color-fg-subtle"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639im_/https://github.githubassets.com/images/modules/site/icons/footer/linkedin.svg" width="19" height="18" class="d-block" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Linkedin icon"> <span class="sr-only">GitHub on LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/github" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to github's org","label":"text:github","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="ef1677e548908c69789566521bdf0fe696c3c092cbcbee9039c8d0e8d699cfb7" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to github's org","label":"text:github"}" class="color-fg-subtle"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639im_/https://github.githubassets.com/images/modules/site/icons/footer/github-mark.svg" width="20" height="20" class="d-block" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="GitHub mark"> <span class="sr-only">GitHub’s organization on GitHub</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="list-style-none d-flex flex-wrap color-fg-muted"> <li class="mr-3"> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. </li> <li class="mr-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://docs.github.com/en/github/site-policy/github-terms-of-service" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to terms","label":"text:terms","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="6eb8289411e625aaf69af5d56b4eecfbcaaa55276436344190fdba396882bc12" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to terms","label":"text:terms"}" class="Link--secondary">Terms</a> </li> <li class="mr-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121183639/https://docs.github.com/en/github/site-policy/github-privacy-statement" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to privacy","label":"text:privacy","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="9217aa9aa44221b3a64ea3a5d868d1d747414fb964dacdaec7737ae175d132db" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to privacy","label":"text:privacy"}" class="Link--secondary">Privacy</a> </li> <li class="mr-3"> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to site map","label":"text:site map","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="9a91932f9b39cb6be4325d0f9d9c802be93d3d1aea76f06857c27dc908666567" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to site map","label":"text:site map"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/site-map">Site Map</a> </li> <li> <a class="Link--secondary" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"analytics.event","payload":{"category":"Footer","action":"go to Git Guides","label":"text:What is Git?","originating_url":"https://github.com/git-guides","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="9534582f667c704c12576e4d6ae65910cbd90eb8adbfb4fa499e8322c14c2b37" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to Git Guides","label":"text:What is Git?"}" href="/web/20211121183639/https://github.com/git-guides">What is Git?</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path> </svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path> </svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path> </svg> <span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-in" hidden>You signed in with another tab or window. <a href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span> <span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-out" hidden>You signed out in another tab or window. <a href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box 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