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<span>Rebellion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebellion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suppression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suppression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Suppression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suppression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consequences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consequences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Consequences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> 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rebellion</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Чапанная война – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чапанная война" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Чапанна війна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чапанна війна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4507232#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Peasant Rebellion (1919)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Chapan rebellion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:DolininAV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DolininAV.jpg/220px-DolininAV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DolininAV.jpg/330px-DolininAV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DolininAV.jpg/440px-DolininAV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="1013" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksey_Dolinin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksey Dolinin (page does not exist)">Aleksey Dolinin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Долинин, Алексей Васильевич">ru</a>]</span>, leader of the Chapan uprising, commandant of insurgent Stavropol</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>3 March<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – April 1919<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Samara_Governorate" title="Samara Governorate">Samara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simbirsk_Governorate" title="Simbirsk Governorate">Simbirsk</a>,<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">RSFSR</a><sup id="cite_ref-Werth_1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werth_1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Bolshevik victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">RSFSR</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Soviet_Red_Army_Hammer_and_Plough.svg/15px-Soviet_Red_Army_Hammer_and_Plough.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Soviet_Red_Army_Hammer_and_Plough.svg/23px-Soviet_Red_Army_Hammer_and_Plough.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Soviet_Red_Army_Hammer_and_Plough.svg/30px-Soviet_Red_Army_Hammer_and_Plough.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/4th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="4th Army (RSFSR)">4th Army</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/GPU_5th_anniversary_emblem.png/9px-GPU_5th_anniversary_emblem.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/GPU_5th_anniversary_emblem.png/14px-GPU_5th_anniversary_emblem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/GPU_5th_anniversary_emblem.png/18px-GPU_5th_anniversary_emblem.png 2x" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="285" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cheka" title="Cheka">Cheka</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg/23px-Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg/35px-Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg/45px-Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Green_armies" title="Green armies">Rebel peasants</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Soviet_Red_Army_Hammer_and_Plough.svg/15px-Soviet_Red_Army_Hammer_and_Plough.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Soviet_Red_Army_Hammer_and_Plough.svg/23px-Soviet_Red_Army_Hammer_and_Plough.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Soviet_Red_Army_Hammer_and_Plough.svg/30px-Soviet_Red_Army_Hammer_and_Plough.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Frunze" title="Mikhail Frunze">Mikhail Frunze</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg/23px-Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg/35px-Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg/45px-Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksey_Dolinin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksey Dolinin (page does not exist)">Aleksey Dolinin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Долинин, Алексей Васильевич">ru</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 13,000<sup id="cite_ref-Gilley_1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilley_1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 30,000<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 150,000<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 10,000 deaths<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Template:Campaignbox Southern Front of the Russian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Southern_Front_of_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Southern Front of the Russian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Southern_Front_of_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Southern Front of the Russian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southern_Frontof_the_Russian_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Front_of_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Southern Front of the Russian Civil War">Southern Front<br />of the Russian Civil War</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1917</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Kharkiv_(1917)" title="Occupation of Kharkiv (1917)">1st Kharkiv</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1918</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughan_clashes" title="Mughan clashes">Mughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamkhor_massacre" title="Shamkhor massacre">Shamkhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas-Don_operation" title="Donbas-Don operation">Donbas-Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1918)" title="Battle of Kiev (1918)">1st Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_March" title="Ice March">Ice March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe_March" title="Steppe March">Steppe March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i%E2%80%93Don_March" title="Iași–Don March">Iași–Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Days" title="March Days">March Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_Operation_(1918)" title="Crimea Operation (1918)">1st Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Caucasus_expedition" title="German Caucasus expedition">Transcaucasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuban_Offensive" title="Kuban Offensive">Kuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sochi_conflict" title="Sochi conflict">Sochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tsaritsyn" title="Battle of Tsaritsyn">Tsaritsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kurdamir" title="Battle of Kurdamir">Kurdamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livny_Uprising" title="Livny Uprising">Livny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baku" title="Battle of Baku">Baku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dibrivka" title="Battle of Dibrivka">Dibrivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Russia_intervention" title="Southern Russia intervention">Allied intervention</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1919</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh%E2%80%93Povorino_Operation" title="Voronezh–Povorino Operation">Voronezh–Povorino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katerynoslav_March" title="Katerynoslav March">Katerynoslav March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Caucasus_Operation_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Northern Caucasus Operation (1918–1919)">Northern Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Soviet_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(January_1919)" title="Battle of Kiev (January 1919)">2nd Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotyn_Uprising" title="Khotyn Uprising">Khotyn Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_Donbas_(1919)" title="Battle for the Donbas (1919)">1st Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hryhoriv_Uprising" title="Hryhoriv Uprising">Hryhoriv Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Binagadi" title="Battle of Binagadi">Binagadi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chapan rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyoshenskaya_Uprising" title="Vyoshenskaya Uprising">Vyoshenskaya Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alexandrovsky_Fort" title="Battle of Alexandrovsky Fort">Alexandrovsky Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bender_Uprising" title="Bender Uprising">Bender Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa_Operation_(1919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Odesa Operation (1919)">Odesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Operation_(June_1919)" title="Kharkiv Operation (June 1919)">2nd Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamontov_Raid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamontov Raid (page does not exist)">Mamontov Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Front_counteroffensive" title="Southern Front counteroffensive">Southern Front counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Kiev_by_the_White_Army" title="Capture of Kiev by the White Army">3rd Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Perehonivka" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Perehonivka">Perehonivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)" title="Advance on Moscow (1919)">Advance on Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizhyn%E2%80%93Poltava_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizhyn–Poltava Operation (page does not exist)">Nizhyn–Poltava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orel%E2%80%93Kursk_operation" title="Orel–Kursk operation">Orel–Kursk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh%E2%80%93Kastornoye_operation_(1919)" title="Voronezh–Kastornoye operation (1919)">Voronezh–Kastornoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khopyor%E2%80%93Don_Operation" title="Khopyor–Don Operation">Khopyor–Don</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavlohrad%E2%80%93Katerynoslav_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavlohrad–Katerynoslav Operation (page does not exist)">Pavlohrad–Katerynoslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Operation_(December_1919)" title="Kharkiv Operation (December 1919)">3rd Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(December_1919)" title="Battle of Kiev (December 1919)">4th Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas_operation_(1919)" title="Donbas operation (1919)">2nd Donbas</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1920</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rostov%E2%80%93Novocherkassk_Operation" title="Rostov–Novocherkassk Operation">Rostov–Novocherkassk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa_Operation_(1920)" class="mw-redirect" title="Odesa Operation (1920)">Odesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus_Operation_(1920)" title="North Caucasus Operation (1920)">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_Novorossiysk_(1920)" title="Evacuation of Novorossiysk (1920)">Novorossiysk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Azerbaijan" title="Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yalama" title="Battle of Yalama">Yalama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarvan" title="Battle of Sarvan">Sarvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Ganja_revolt" title="1920 Ganja revolt">Ganja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_3_May_1920" title="Action of 3 May 1920">Ochakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzali_Operation" title="Anzali Operation">Anzali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lankaran_Uprisings" title="Lankaran Uprisings">Lankaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulagay%27s_Landing" title="Ulagay's Landing">Ulagay's Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Obytichnyi_Spit" title="Battle of Obytichnyi Spit">Obytichnyi Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Armenia" title="Red Army invasion of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Taurida_Operation" title="Northern Taurida Operation">Northern Taurida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagestan_uprising" title="Dagestan uprising">Dagestan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambov_Rebellion" title="Tambov Rebellion">Tambov Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Perekop_(1920)" title="Siege of Perekop (1920)">Perekop–Chonhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_the_Crimea" title="Evacuation of the Crimea">2nd Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshevik%E2%80%93Makhnovist_conflict" title="Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict">Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1921</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_9_January_1921" title="Action of 9 January 1921">Anapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Uprising" title="February Uprising">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_over_Mountainous_Armenia" title="War over Mountainous Armenia">Mountainous Armenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Chapan rebellion</b> was one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Peasant_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Peasant uprising">peasant uprising</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>. Taking place in March-April 1919, the uprising covered the territory of <a href="/wiki/Syzran" title="Syzran">Syzran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sengileyevsky_District" title="Sengileyevsky District">Sengileevsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karsunsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Karsunsky">Karsunsky</a> districts of <a href="/wiki/Simbirsk_Governorate" title="Simbirsk Governorate">Simbirsk</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melekessky" class="mw-redirect" title="Melekessky">Melekessky</a> districts of <a href="/wiki/Samara_Governorate" title="Samara Governorate">Samara</a>. It got its name from the clothes of the rebels: the <a href="/wiki/Chapan" title="Chapan">chapan</a> - a winter coat, made of sheepskin, a special robe belted with a sash, a popular clothing among the peasants of the region during cold weather. The uprising was brutally suppressed, and its participants, mostly peasants, were subjected to terror and mass repression. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <p>It was caused by the requisitions of grain and forced levies that the villagers suffered at the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time the <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">white armies</a> were preparing their advance from the <a href="/wiki/Urals" class="mw-redirect" title="Urals">Urals</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Votkinsk" title="Votkinsk">Votkinsk</a>, so the Bolsheviks required all the youth and food for defense. For this they used all possible means, including <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>, and in many cases the <a href="/wiki/Prodrazvyorstka" class="mw-redirect" title="Prodrazvyorstka">requisitions</a> turned into simple assaults, where the soldiers took even products not subject to collection, condemning their victims to hunger. In February 1919 the provincial authorities began to warn of the discomfort caused by these abuses but they were not listened to.<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rebellion">Rebellion</h2></div> <p>On 3 March, the inhabitants of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Novodeviche,_Samara_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novodeviche, Samara Oblast (page does not exist)">Novodeviche</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%8C%D0%B5_(%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)" class="extiw" title="ru:Новодевичье (Самарская область)">ru</a>]</span>, in the <a href="/wiki/Uyezd" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyezd">uyezd</a> of Senguilei of the <a href="/wiki/Samara_Governorate" title="Samara Governorate">Samara Governorate</a>, attacked the squad in charge of requisitioning their harvest.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilley_1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilley_1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apparently, the managers allowed the gathering of the village in a carnival while doing the requisitions, taking more grain than usually required by the orders, which gave the outraged peasants the opportunity to organize and demand responsibilities. When the villagers learned that the Bolsheviks were calling for reinforcements,<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the soldiers were disarmed and the officials deposed.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first soldiers sent to quell the movement went over to their side and shot their officers. They soon established a headquarters and the neighboring villages were added. They then set about persecuting the Bolsheviks and members of the <a href="/wiki/Poor_Peasant_Committees" class="mw-redirect" title="Poor Peasant Committees">Poor Peasant Committees</a> (bodies through which they were governed), leaving the region in charge of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_(council)" title="Soviet (council)">Soviets</a> without Bolshevik representation.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the authorities in <a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Simbirsk</a> found out on the afternoon of 5 March they ordered the immediate end of the movement and promised to send a committee to study the situation. Two days later, a delegation from the local <a href="/wiki/Cheka" title="Cheka">Cheka</a> issued an ultimatum demanding submission under penalty of harsh punishment.<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite their poor weapons and little training, on 7 March the rebels captured <a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a> with the proclamation "All power to the workers! Down with the rule of the Bolsheviks!"<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with hardly any fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They named the veteran lieutenant of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksey_Dolinin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksey Dolinin (page does not exist)">Aleksey Dolinin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Долинин, Алексей Васильевич">ru</a>]</span>, as their leader,<sup id="cite_ref-Werth_1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werth_1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they published appeals, news and orders in the local newspaper, removed all Bolshevik iconography from public places,<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and began to make plans to seize the <a href="/wiki/Governorate" title="Governorate">governorates</a> of <a href="/wiki/Samara_Governorate" title="Samara Governorate">Samara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simbirsk_Governorate" title="Simbirsk Governorate">Simbirsk</a>. That same day, the commander of the <a href="/wiki/4th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="4th Army (RSFSR)">4th Red Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valerian_Kuybyshev" title="Valerian Kuybyshev">Valerian Kuybyshev</a>, was put in charge of suppressing the revolt. Their plans were simple, to recover Stavropol, where the peasant leaders were, without fighting major battles.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was decided to send the <i><a href="/wiki/Komandarm_1st_rank" title="Komandarm 1st rank">komandarm</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Frunze" title="Mikhail Frunze">Mikhail Frunze</a> with 13,000 soldiers to crush the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilley_1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilley_1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They consisted of units withdrawn from the front, the 1st Samara Workers' Regiment and the 2nd International Company, formed by <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a>, both units were armed with modern rifles and machine guns.<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were reinforced with units of the 4th Army.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilley_1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilley_1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the region was restless and on 9 March the reserve regiment stationed in Samara mutinied.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day, there was a <a href="/wiki/State_of_siege" class="mw-redirect" title="State of siege">state of siege</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syzran" title="Syzran">Syzran</a> as peasants in the area rose up, destroying <a href="/wiki/Volost" title="Volost">volost</a> offices, burning documents and property and killing local Bolsheviks. Soon every Bolshevik or sympathizer in the region was hunted down and the imprisoned soldiers began to be tortured by submerging them in the icy waters of the Volga.<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within two weeks the movement spread through both governorates.<sup id="cite_ref-Werth_1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werth_1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon much of the <a href="/wiki/Volga_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga basin">Volga basin</a> was in their hands.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilley_1_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilley_1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first <i>vosstaniye</i> or great peasant rebellion that mobilized huge armies, conquered cities and had a coherent political program.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rebels demanded the abolition of requisitions, the free election of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_(council)" title="Soviet (council)">Soviets</a> and the end of the "<a href="/wiki/Council_of_People%27s_Commissars_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Bolshevik commissarocracy</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Werth_1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werth_1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They came to have an army of thirty thousand men<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (although some historians raise the figure to one hundred or one hundred and fifty thousand).<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suppression">Suppression</h2></div> <p>On 13 March, the Syzransky Revolutionary Committee decreed the execution of all those involved in the insurrection.<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same day,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the units of the local Cheka and special units attacked Stavropol relying on cavalry and two machine guns, but were repulsed and many civilians fled to Syzran. A military detachment and members of the <i><a href="/wiki/Komsomol" title="Komsomol">Komsomol</a></i> led by Alexandra Smirnitskaya were also dispatched to take the village of Usinskoye, but were annihilated. Smirnitskaya, who was acting as a medical assistant, was killed with a club and by a stake driven through the throat. In the vicinity of the village of Eremkino, the rebels were commanded by Irina Felichkina, a veteran of a battalion of defenders of <a href="/wiki/Petrograd" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrograd">Petrograd</a>, mounted and with a whip giving orders until she was captured and shot.<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next day, the army surrounded Stavropol and assaulted it, meeting little resistance because the rebels were poorly organized and dispersed. A few managed to break through the encirclement and flee to the town of Yagodnoye, the rest fell to enemy fire and others were captured. The officers were summarily shot or hanged.<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Novodeviche fell on 15 March.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilley_1_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilley_1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By early April the revolt had been defeated,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the rebels were able to briefly seize the Bazarnaya train station, destroying the rails. The fighting ended in the middle of the month.<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consequences">Consequences</h2></div> <p>Villages were burned, there were mass arrests of peasants, a policy of executing one in ten prisoners was implemented, there were summary trials in Syzran,<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> near which a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Gulag_camps" title="List of Gulag camps">concentration camp</a> was built that was soon overcrowded, so they shot the remaining prisoners. In Samara, Frunze dedicated himself to looking for spies and traitors and the leaders of the uprising who were fleeing the persecution.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolinin managed to hide in the forest until he turned to join the red armies, fighting against <a href="/wiki/Anton_Denikin" title="Anton Denikin">Anton Denikin</a> and being captured in <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a> but escaped, then participated in the <a href="/wiki/Polish-Soviet_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Soviet war">Polish-Soviet war</a> where he was wounded and in hospital wrote a letter requesting forgiveness from the <a href="/wiki/All-Russian_Central_Executive_Committee" title="All-Russian Central Executive Committee">Central Executive Committee</a>, which granted it, returned to his native village and although he spent several years in prison during the 1930s, he was released and died naturally.<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This rebellion favored Kolchak's <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a> in their advance westward,<sup id="cite_ref-Werth_1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werth_1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in fact, his movement agents were officially blamed,<sup id="cite_ref-Se1_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and strengthened the military measures led by <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is estimated that it cost the lives of ten thousand peasants.<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new uprising broke out years later, on 24 January 1921. In the parish of Chuvasko-Sormin (<a href="/wiki/Uyezd" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyezd">uyezd</a> of Yadrinskii, in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a>) between five and seven thousand peasants rose up against the requisitions, attacking the local police; but their uprising was crushed just three days later.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The participants of these revolts were not rehabilitated until 1996 by decree of the Russian president <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref1_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tambov_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Tambov rebellion">Tambov rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_armies" title="Green armies">Green armies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ref1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref1_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArtemov2014">Artemov 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Se1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se1_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeleiev2017">Seleiev 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Werth_1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Werth_1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Werth_1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Werth_1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Werth_1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Werth_1_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWerth1999">Werth 1999</a>, p. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gilley_1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gilley_1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gilley_1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gilley_1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gilley_1_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gilley_1_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gilley_1_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilley2014">Gilley 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Powell_1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell2007">Powell 2007</a>, p. 206</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWerth1999">Werth 1999</a>, p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEfimov2009">Efimov 2009</a>, p. 570</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArtemov2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Artemov, Andréi (5 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drugoigorod.ru/chapannaya/">"Бунт, который был. 95 лет Чапанной войне"</a>. <i>Другой город</i> (in 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%2C+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB.+95+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft.aulast=Artemov&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9i&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrugoigorod.ru%2Fchapannaya%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapan+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEfimov2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Efimov, L.A. (2009). <i>Аликовская энциклопедия</i> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a>: Чувашское книжное изд-во. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-7670-1630-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-7670-1630-3"><bdi>978-5-7670-1630-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.place=Cheboksary&rft.pub=%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4-%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-5-7670-1630-3&rft.aulast=Efimov&rft.aufirst=L.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapan+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilley2014" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gilley, Christopher (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/Peasant_Uprisings_-Tambovshina">"Peasant Uprisings/Tambovshina"</a>. In Ute Daniel; Peter Gatrell; Oliver Janz; Heather Jones; Jennifer Keene; Alan Kramer; Bill Nasson (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/home/"><i>1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Freie_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Freie Universität Berlin">Freie Universität Berlin</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Peasant+Uprisings%2FTambovshina&rft.btitle=1914-1918-online.+International+Encyclopedia+of+the+First+World+War&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Freie+Universit%C3%A4t+Berlin&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net%2Farticle%2FPeasant_Uprisings_-Tambovshina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapan+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell2007" class="citation book cs1">Powell, Jim (2007). <i>Wilson's War: How Woodrow Wilson's Great Blunder Led to Hitler, Lenin, Stalin, and World War II</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307422712" title="Special:BookSources/9780307422712"><bdi>9780307422712</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wilson%27s+War%3A+How+Woodrow+Wilson%27s+Great+Blunder+Led+to+Hitler%2C+Lenin%2C+Stalin%2C+and+World+War+II&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780307422712&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapan+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWerth1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Werth" title="Nicolas Werth">Werth, Nicolas</a> (1999). "1. A State against its People: violence, repression, and terror in the Soviet Union". In <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Courtois" title="Stéphane Courtois">Stéphane Courtois</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Book_of_Communism" title="The Black Book of Communism">The Black Book of Communism</a></i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-07608-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-07608-2"><bdi>978-0-674-07608-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/949773841">949773841</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1.+A+State+against+its+People%3A+violence%2C+repression%2C+and+terror+in+the+Soviet+Union&rft.btitle=The+Black+Book+of+Communism&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F949773841&rft.isbn=978-0-674-07608-2&rft.aulast=Werth&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapan+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeleiev2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Seleiev, Serguéi (15 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kommersant.ru/doc/3253735">"Восставшие "чапаны"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Kommersant</a></i> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kommersant&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B5+%22%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%22&rft.date=2017-04-15&rft.aulast=Seleiev&rft.aufirst=Sergu%C3%A9i&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkommersant.ru%2Fdoc%2F3253735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapan+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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