CBO Blog | Congressional Budget Office

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<div class="blog-runway view view-blog view-id-blog view-display-id-page_1 js-view-dom-id-887558675d663eccc81588c5746337ccd90d7c0f65de9c1ad9968e010ca07886"> <div class="view-header"> <h1 class="page-title">CBO Blog</h1> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul class="listing DirectorsBlog"> <li><div class="publication-figure"><a href="/publication/61216"><div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/2025-02/61216-home-50Anniversary.png 1x" media="@media screen and (min-width: 20em)" type="image/png" width="1650" height="1100"/> <img loading="eager" width="1650" height="1100" src="/sites/default/files/2025-02/61216-home-50Anniversary.png" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> </a></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="publication-body"></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><h3 class="field-content Blog Post"><a href="/publication/61216" hreflang="en">Celebrating 50 Years of CBO</a></h3></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-date"><div class="field-content"><time datetime="2025-02-24T12:00:00Z">February 24, 2025</time> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-body"><p class="field-content">Fifty years ago today, CBO began its service to the Congress and the country. Much has changed since then, but the agency’s mission—to provide objective, nonpartisan information to support the Congressional budget process—remains the same.</p></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing-1"><span class="field-content"></div></span></div></li> <li><div class="publication-figure"><a href="/publication/60984"><div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Capitol-1650x1100-Entire-20.jpg 1x" media="@media screen and (min-width: 20em)" type="image/jpeg" width="1650" height="1100"/> <img loading="eager" width="1650" height="1100" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Capitol-1650x1100-Entire-20.jpg" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> </a></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="publication-body"></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><h3 class="field-content Report"><a href="/publication/60984" hreflang="en">CBO Explains Common Sources of Uncertainty in Cost Estimates for Legislation</a></h3></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-date"><div class="field-content"><time datetime="2025-02-13T12:00:00Z">February 13, 2025</time> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-body"><p class="field-content">CBO’s cost estimates, which represent the agency’s best assessment of a bill’s budgetary effects, can be subject to uncertainty arising from various sources. CBO describes how it addresses six common sources of uncertainty.</p></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing-1"><span class="field-content"></div></span></div></li> <li><div class="publication-figure"><a href="/publication/61195"><div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/2025-02/61195-home-MBR.png 1x" media="@media screen and (min-width: 20em)" type="image/png" width="1200" height="800"/> <img loading="eager" width="1200" height="800" src="/sites/default/files/2025-02/61195-home-MBR.png" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> </a></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="publication-body"></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><h3 class="field-content Report"><a href="/publication/61195" hreflang="en">Monthly Budget Review: January 2025</a></h3></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-date"><div class="field-content"><time datetime="2025-02-10T12:00:00Z">February 10, 2025</time> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-body"><p class="field-content">The federal budget deficit totaled $838 billion in the first four months of fiscal year 2025, CBO estimates. That amount is $306 billion more than the deficit recorded during the same period last fiscal year.</p></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing-1"><span class="field-content"></div></span></div></li> <li><div class="publication-figure"><a href="/publication/61135"><div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/2025-01/61135-home-GDP.png 1x" media="@media screen and (min-width: 20em)" type="image/png" width="1200" height="800"/> <img loading="eager" width="1200" height="800" src="/sites/default/files/2025-01/61135-home-GDP.png" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> </a></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="publication-body"></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><h3 class="field-content Report"><a href="/publication/61135" hreflang="en">Additional Information About the Economic Outlook: 2025 to 2035</a></h3></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-date"><div class="field-content"><time datetime="2025-01-30T12:00:00Z">January 30, 2025</time> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-body"><p class="field-content">CBO provides additional details about the economic forecast it published on January 17, 2025, in <em>The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2025 to 2035</em>.</p></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing-1"><span class="field-content"></div></span></div></li> <li><div class="publication-figure"><a href="/publication/60776"><div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/2025-01/60776-home-UnemploymentInsurance.jpg 1x" media="@media screen and (min-width: 20em)" type="image/jpeg" width="1650" height="1100"/> <img loading="eager" width="1650" height="1100" src="/sites/default/files/2025-01/60776-home-UnemploymentInsurance.jpg" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> </a></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="publication-body"></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><h3 class="field-content Report"><a href="/publication/60776" hreflang="en">Unemployment Insurance: Budgetary History and Projections</a></h3></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-date"><div class="field-content"><time datetime="2025-01-23T12:00:00Z">January 23, 2025</time> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-body"><p class="field-content">CBO examines trends in revenues and outlays associated with unemployment insurance and provides information about how CBO treats that program in its baseline projections and cost estimates.</p></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing-1"><span class="field-content"></div></span></div></li> <li><div class="publication-figure"><a href="/publication/60870"><div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/2025-01/60870-home-Outlook.jpg 1x" media="@media screen and (min-width: 20em)" type="image/jpeg" width="1650" height="1100"/> <img loading="eager" width="1650" height="1100" src="/sites/default/files/2025-01/60870-home-Outlook.jpg" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> </a></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="publication-body"></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><h3 class="field-content Report"><a href="/publication/60870" hreflang="en">The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2025 to 2035</a></h3></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-date"><div class="field-content"><time datetime="2025-01-17T12:00:00Z">January 17, 2025</time> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-body"><p class="field-content">In CBO’s projections, the federal budget deficit is $1.9 trillion this year, and federal debt rises to 118 percent of GDP in 2035. Economic growth slows and inflation declines over the next two years; both remain moderate after 2026.</p></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing-1"><span class="field-content"></div></span></div></li> <li><div class="publication-figure"><a href="/publication/61162"><div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/2022-08/CBO-Logo-1650x1100.png 1x" media="@media screen and (min-width: 20em)" type="image/png" width="1650" height="1100"/> <img loading="eager" width="1650" height="1100" src="/sites/default/files/2022-08/CBO-Logo-1650x1100.png" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> </a></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="publication-body"></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><h3 class="field-content Blog Post"><a href="/publication/61162" hreflang="en">Director’s Statement on the Budget and Economic Outlook for 2025 to 2035</a></h3></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-date"><div class="field-content"><time datetime="2025-01-17T12:00:00Z">January 17, 2025</time> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-body"><p class="field-content">CBO’s Director, Phillip Swagel, discusses the current budget and economic outlook.</p></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing-1"><span class="field-content"></div></span></div></li> <li><div class="publication-figure"><a href="/publication/61141"><div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/2019-04/Capitol-1650x1100-Entire-004.jpg 1x" media="@media screen and (min-width: 20em)" type="image/jpeg" width="1650" height="1100"/> <img loading="eager" width="1650" height="1100" src="/sites/default/files/2019-04/Capitol-1650x1100-Entire-004.jpg" alt="United States Capitol Building in Washington, DC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </a></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="publication-body"></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><h3 class="field-content Blog Post"><a href="/publication/61141" hreflang="en">How CBO Supports the Congress</a></h3></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-date"><div class="field-content"><time datetime="2025-01-16T12:00:00Z">January 16, 2025</time> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-body"><p class="field-content">CBO Director Phillip Swagel describes the agency's primary responsibilities, explains how CBO can help Member offices, emphasizes the agency’s commitment to transparency, and lists what’s forthcoming from CBO.</p></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing-1"><span class="field-content"></div></span></div></li> <li><div class="publication-figure"><a href="/publication/60871"><div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/2025-02/60871-home-EEAA-1.png 1x" media="@media screen and (min-width: 20em)" type="image/png" width="1650" height="1100"/> <img loading="eager" width="1650" height="1100" src="/sites/default/files/2025-02/60871-home-EEAA-1.png" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> </a></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="publication-body"></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><h3 class="field-content Report"><a href="/publication/60871" hreflang="en">Expired and Expiring Authorizations of Appropriations: 2025 Preliminary Report</a></h3></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-date"><div class="field-content"><time datetime="2025-01-15T12:00:00Z">January 15, 2025</time> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-body"><p class="field-content">CBO reports annually on programs whose authorizations of appropriations have already expired or will expire. This data file covers legislation enacted through September 30, 2024. A full report will be issued later this year.</p></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing-1"><span class="field-content"></div></span></div></li> <li><div class="publication-figure"><a href="/publication/61044"><div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/2019-04/Capitol-1650x1100-Dome-001.jpg 1x" media="@media screen and (min-width: 20em)" type="image/jpeg" width="1650" height="1100"/> <img loading="eager" width="1650" height="1100" src="/sites/default/files/2019-04/Capitol-1650x1100-Dome-001.jpg" alt="United States Capitol Building in Washington, DC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </a></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="publication-body"></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><h3 class="field-content Report"><a href="/publication/61044" hreflang="en">CBO’s Recent Publications and Work in Progress as of December 31, 2024</a></h3></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-date"><div class="field-content"><time datetime="2025-01-14T12:00:00Z">January 14, 2025</time> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-body"><p class="field-content">In this report, the latest in a quarterly series, CBO highlights its recent publications and summarizes its work in progress.</p></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing-1"><span class="field-content"></div></span></div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="pager" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="pagination-heading"> <h4 id="pagination-heading" class="visually-hidden">Pagination</h4> <ul class="pager__items js-pager__items"> <li class="pager__item is-active"> <a href="?page=0" title="Current page" aria-current="page"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Current page </span>1</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=1" title="Go to page 2"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>2</a> </li> <li 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