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Georgiou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infants are able to discriminate a number of sound contrasts in most languages. However, this ability is not available in adults who might face difficulties in discriminating accurately second language sound contrasts as they filter second language speech through the phonological categories of their native language. For example, Spanish speakers often struggle to perceive the difference between the English /ε/ and /æ/ because both vowels do not exist in their native language; so they assimilate these vowels to the closest phonological category of their first language. The present study aims to uncover the perceptual patterns of Arabic adult speakers in regard to the vowels of their second language (Greek). Still, there is not any study that investigates the perception of Greek vowels by Arabic speakers and, thus, the present study would contribute to the enrichment of the literature with cross-linguistic research in new languages. To the purpose of the present study, 15 native speakers of Egyptian Arabic who permanently live in Cyprus and have adequate knowledge of Greek as a second language passed through vowel assimilation and vowel contrast discrimination tests (AXB) in their second language. The perceptual stimuli included non-sense words that contained vowels in both stressed and unstressed positions. The second language listeners’ patterns were analyzed through the Perceptual Assimilation Model which makes testable hypotheses about the assimilation of second language sounds to the speakers’ native phonological categories and the discrimination accuracy over second language sound contrasts. The results indicated that second language listeners assimilated pairs of Greek vowels in a single phonological category of their native language resulting in a Category Goodness difference assimilation type for the Greek stressed /i/-/e/ and the Greek stressed-unstressed /o/-/u/ vowel contrasts. On the contrary, the members of the Greek unstressed /i/-/e/ vowel contrast were assimilated to two different categories resulting in a Two Category assimilation type. Furthermore, they could discriminate the Greek stressed /i/-/e/ and the Greek stressed-unstressed /o/-/u/ contrasts only in a moderate degree while the Greek unstressed /i/-/e/ contrast could be discriminated in an excellent degree. Two main implications emerge from the results. First, there is a strong influence of the listeners’ native language on the perception of the second language vowels. In Egyptian Arabic, contiguous vowel categories such as [i]-[e] and [u]-[o] do not have phonemic difference but they are subject to allophonic variation; by contrast, the vowel contrasts /i/-/e/ and /o/-/u/ are phonemic in Greek. Second, the role of stress is significant for second language perception since stressed vs. unstressed vowel contrasts were perceived in a different manner by the Greek listeners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingual" title=" bilingual"> bilingual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greek" title=" Greek"> Greek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vowel%20perception" title=" vowel perception"> vowel perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102621/perception-of-greek-vowels-by-arabic-greek-bilinguals-an-experimental-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">500</span> A Study of Resin-Dye Fixation on Dyeing Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Melamine Based Resins and a Reactive Dye</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurudeen%20Ayeni">Nurudeen Ayeni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasali%20Bello"> Kasali Bello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ovi%20Abayeh"> Ovi Abayeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Study of the effect of dye–resin complexation on the degree of dye absorption were carried out using Procion Blue MX-R to dye cotton fabric in the presence hexamethylol melamine (MR 6) and its phosphate derivative (MPR 4) for resination. The highest degree of dye exhaustion was obtained at 400 C for 1 hour with the resinated fabric showing more affinity for the dye than the ordinary fiber. Improved fastness properties was recorded which show a relatively higher stability of dye–resin–cellulose network formed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20fabric" title="cotton fabric">cotton fabric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20dye" title=" reactive dye"> reactive dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyeing" title=" dyeing"> dyeing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resination" title=" resination"> resination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18209/a-study-of-resin-dye-fixation-on-dyeing-properties-of-cotton-fabrics-using-melamine-based-resins-and-a-reactive-dye" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">499</span> Art and Society: Greek Migrant Artists in Paris during 1970s</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sapfo%20A.%20Mortaki">Sapfo A. Mortaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From the early 1960s and until the middle of the next decade, the lack of favorable conditions for the development of art along with the imposition of the 1967 military dictatorship resulted in a great flow of Greek artists abroad. The fall of the dictatorship and the change of the political scene after 1974 constitute crucial milestones in the cultural life of the country. In the field of visual arts significant changes are attempted in the state's effort to formulate a national cultural policy. This article examines the presence of Greek migrant artists (painters and sculptors) in Paris during the 1970s. Since the mid-1970s, and particularly in the early 1980s, Modern Greek Diaspora undergoes a new transition phase, when the concept of immigration changes. The aim of this study is to record and give prominence to the presence of the Greek artists -through archival research in the daily and periodical press- as well as present the impact of their artistic activity on French intellectual life and on the country’s society during this period. Furthermore, the presence and work of these artists are discussed in an environment of cultural coexistence which, to a certain extent, can be regarded as the result of the social phenomenon of their migration in the era of postmodernity. Finally, their contribution to the development of the cultural life of Greece, inside and outside its borders, is also being examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art%20and%20society" title="art and society">art and society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20policy" title=" cultural policy"> cultural policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greek%20artists" title=" Greek artists"> Greek artists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postmodernity" title=" postmodernity"> postmodernity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90626/art-and-society-greek-migrant-artists-in-paris-during-1970s" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">498</span> Yield Enhancement and Reduced Nutrient Removal by Weeds in Winter Irrigated Cotton Using Potassium Salt Based Glyphosate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Viji">N. Viji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Siddeswaran"> K. Siddeswaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Field experiment was conducted at Eastern Block farm, Department of Farm Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during winter season of 2011-2012 to evaluate potassium salt based glyphosate (Roundup Crop Shield 460 SL) with and without intercultural operations on seed cotton yield and weed nutrient removal in irrigated cotton. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of POE glyphosate (Roundup Crop Shield 460 SL) at 1350 (T1), 1800 (T2), 2250 (T3) g a.e. ha-1, 1800 g a.e. ha-1 + IC (T4), PE pendimethalin at 750 g a.i. ha-1 + IC (T5), HW at 35 and 70 DAS + IC (T6), HWW at 35 and 70 DAS + IC (T7), PWW at 35 and 70 DAS + IC (T8), HW at 25 and 45 DAS (T9) and Unweeded control (T10). Among the weed management methods, decreased nutrient removal by weeds were observed with POE glyphosate at 1800 g a.e. ha-1 + IC which was comparable with PE pendimethalin at 750 g a.i. ha-1 + IC. Higher seed cotton yield was obtained with POE glyphosate at 1800 g a.e. ha-1 at 35 and 70 DAS with + IC at 45 and 55 DAS which was comparable with PE pendimethalin at 750 g a.i. ha-1 + IC at 45 and 55 DAS. Comparing treatments without intercultural operation, intercultural operation carried out treatments performed better and recorded more seed cotton yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title="cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weed" title=" weed"> weed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glyphosate" title=" glyphosate"> glyphosate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient" title=" nutrient"> nutrient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23045/yield-enhancement-and-reduced-nutrient-removal-by-weeds-in-winter-irrigated-cotton-using-potassium-salt-based-glyphosate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">642</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">497</span> Recycling of Post-Industrial Cotton Wastes: Quality and Rotor Spinning of Reclaimed Fibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B%C3%A9chir%20Wanassi">Béchir Wanassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B%C3%A9chir%20Azzouz"> Béchir Azzouz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taher%20Halimi"> Taher Halimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ben%20Hassen"> Mohamed Ben Hassen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mechanical recycling of post-industrial cotton yarn wastes, as well as the effects of passage number on the properties of reclaimed fibers, have been investigated. A new Modified Fiber Quality Index (MFQI) and Spinning Consistency Index (MSCI) for the characterization of the quality are presented. This index gives the real potential of spinnability according to its physical properties. The best quality of reclaimed fibers (after 7th passage) was used to produce rotor yarns. 100% recycling cotton yarns were produced in open-end spinning system with different rotor speed (i.e. 65000, 70000, and 80000 rpm), opening roller speed (i.e. 7700, 8200, and 8700 rpm) and twist factor (i.e. 137, 165, and 183). The effects of spinning parameters were investigated to evaluate a 100% recycling cotton yarns quality (TQI, hairiness, thin places, and thick places) using DOE method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20wastes" title="cotton wastes">cotton wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DOE" title=" DOE"> DOE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20recycling" title=" mechanical recycling"> mechanical recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotor%20spinning" title=" rotor spinning "> rotor spinning </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32161/recycling-of-post-industrial-cotton-wastes-quality-and-rotor-spinning-of-reclaimed-fibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">496</span> Sheathed Cotton Fibers: Material for Oil-Spill Cleanup</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20M%20Dauda">Benjamin M Dauda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Ibrahim"> Esther Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvester%20Gadimoh"> Sylvester Gadimoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asabe%20Mustapha"> Asabe Mustapha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiyah%20Mohammed"> Jiyah Mohammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite diverse optimization techniques on natural hydrophilic fibers, hydrophobic synthetic fibers are still the best oil sorption materials. However, these hydrophobic fibers are not biodegradable, making their disposal problematic. To this end, this work sets out to develop Nonwoven sorbents from epoxy-coated Cotton fibers. As a way of improving the compatibility of the crude oil and reduction of moisture absorption, cotton fibers were coated with epoxy resin by immersion in acetone-thinned epoxy solution. A needle-punching machine was used to convert the fibers into coherent nonwoven sheets. An oil sorption experiment was then carried out. The result indicates that the developed epoxy-modified sorbent has a higher crude oil-sorption capacity compared with those of untreated cotton and commercial polypropylene sorbents. Absorption Curves show that the coated fiber and polypropylene sorbent saturated faster than the uncoated cotton fiber pad. The result also shows that the coated cotton sorbent adsorbed crude faster than the polypropylene sorbent, and the equilibrium exhaustion was also higher. After a simple mechanical squeezing process, the Nonwoven pads could be restored to their original form and repeatedly recycled for oil/water separation. The results indicate that the cotton-coated non-woven pads hold promise for the cleanup of oil spills. Our data suggests that the sorption behaviors of the epoxy-coated Nonwoven pads and their crude oil sorption capacity are relatively stable under various environmental conditions compared to the commercial sheet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20spill" title="oil spill">oil spill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy" title=" epoxy"> epoxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonwoven" title=" nonwoven"> nonwoven</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183396/sheathed-cotton-fibers-material-for-oil-spill-cleanup" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">495</span> Improvement in Plasticity Index and Group Index of Black Cotton Soil Using Palm Kernel Shell Ash</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patel%20Darshan%20Shaileshkumar">Patel Darshan Shaileshkumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G.%20Vanza"> M. G. Vanza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Black cotton soil is problematic soil for any construction work. Black cotton soil contains montmorillonite in its structure. Due to this mineral, black cotton soil will attain maximum swelling and shrinkage. Due to these volume changes, it is necessary to stabilize black cotton soil before the construction of the road. For soil stabilization use of pozzolanic waste is found to be a good solution by some researchers. The palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) is a pozzolanic material that can be used for soil stabilization. Basically, PKSA is a waste material, and it is available at a cheap cost. Palm kernel shell is a waste material generated in palm oil mills. Then palm kernel shell is used in industries instead of coal for power generation. After the burning of a palm kernel shell, ash is formed; the ash is called palm kernel shell ash (PKSA). The PKSA contains a free lime content that will react chemically with the silicate and aluminate of black cotton soil and forms a C-S-H and C-A-H gel which will bines soil particles together and reduce the plasticity of the soil. In this study, the PKSA is added to the soil. It was found that with the addition of PKSA content in the soil, the liquid limit of the soil is decreased, the plastic limit of the soil is increased, and the plasticity of the soil is decreased. The group index value of the soil is evaluated, and it was found that with the addition of PKSA GI value of the soil is decreased, which indicates the strength of the soil is improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20kernel%20shell%20ash" title="palm kernel shell ash">palm kernel shell ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cotton%20soil" title=" black cotton soil"> black cotton soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20limit" title=" liquid limit"> liquid limit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20index" title=" group index"> group index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20limit" title=" plastic limit"> plastic limit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasticity%20index" title=" plasticity index"> plasticity index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167203/improvement-in-plasticity-index-and-group-index-of-black-cotton-soil-using-palm-kernel-shell-ash" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">494</span> Dyeing of Polyester/Cotton Blends with Reverse-Micelle Encapsulated High Energy Disperse/Reactive Dye Mixture </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Wai%20Kan">Chi-Wai Kan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanming%20%20Wang"> Yanming Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20Yiu-Lun%20%20Tang"> Alan Yiu-Lun Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Hao%20Lee%20%20Lee"> Cheng-Hao Lee Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dyeing of polyester/cotton blend fabrics in various polyester/cotton percentages (32/68, 40/60 and 65/35) was investigated using (poly(ethylene glycol), PEG) based reverse-micelle. High energy disperse dyes and warm type reactive dyes were encapsulated and applied on polyester/cotton blend fabrics in a one bath one step dyeing process. Comparison of reverse micellar-based and aqueous-based (water-based) dyeing was conducted in terms of colour reflectance. Experimental findings revealed that the colour shade of the dyed fabrics in reverse micellar non-aqueous dyeing system at a lower dyeing temperature of 98°C is slightly lighter than that of conventional aqueous dyeing system in two-step process (130oC for disperse dyeing and 70°C for reactive dyeing). The exhaustion of dye in polyester-cotton blend fabrics, in terms of colour reflectance, were found to be highly fluctuated at dyeing temperature of 98°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-bath%20dyeing" title="one-bath dyeing">one-bath dyeing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyester%2Fcotton%20blends" title=" polyester/cotton blends"> polyester/cotton blends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disperse%2Freactive%20dyes" title=" disperse/reactive dyes"> disperse/reactive dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20micelle" title=" reverse micelle"> reverse micelle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138130/dyeing-of-polyestercotton-blends-with-reverse-micelle-encapsulated-high-energy-dispersereactive-dye-mixture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">493</span> Effect of a Reactive Dye-Resin Complex on Dyeing Properties of Cotton Fabrics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurudeen%20Afolami%20Ayeni">Nurudeen Afolami Ayeni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasali%20Adewale%20Bello"> Kasali Adewale Bello</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Study of the effect of dye-resin complexation on the degree of dye absorption were carried out using Procion Blue MX-R to dye cotton fabric in the presence hexamethylol melamine (MR6) and its phosphate derivative (MPR4) for resination. The highest degree of dye exhaustion was obtained at 400C for 1 hour with the resinated fabric showing more affinity for the dye than the ordinary fibre. Improved fastness properties was recorded which show a relatively higher stability of dye-resin complex formed in the fibre. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affinity" title="affinity">affinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyeing" title=" dyeing"> dyeing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20dye" title=" reactive dye"> reactive dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resination" title=" resination"> resination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20380/effect-of-a-reactive-dye-resin-complex-on-dyeing-properties-of-cotton-fabrics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">492</span> In Situ Production of Nano-Cu on a Cotton Fabric Surface by Ink-Jet Printing </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Zoghi">N. Zoghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laleh%20Maleknia"> Laleh Maleknia </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20E.%20Olya"> M. E. Olya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nano-Cu particles were produced on cotton fabric substrate by ink-jet printing technology with water-soluble ink, which was based on copper. The surface tension and viscosity of the prepared inks were evaluated. The ink-jet printing process was repeated 1, 3, and 5 times in order to evaluate variations in the optical properties by changing thickness of printed film. Following initial drying of the printed film, the samples were annealed at different temperatures (150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C) to determine the optimum temperature for the parameters set out in this experiment. The prepared nano-Cu particles were characterized by XRD and UV spectroscopy. The appearance of printed image and the nano-Cu particles morphology were observed by SEM. The results demonstrated that the ink-jet printing technology can be used to produce nano-particles on the cotton fabrics surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ink-jet%20printing" title="ink-jet printing">ink-jet printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-cu" title=" nano-cu"> nano-cu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fabric%20ink" title=" fabric ink"> fabric ink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20situ%20production" title=" in situ production"> in situ production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20fabric" title=" cotton fabric"> cotton fabric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-soluble%20ink" title=" water-soluble ink"> water-soluble ink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35338/in-situ-production-of-nano-cu-on-a-cotton-fabric-surface-by-ink-jet-printing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">491</span> Evaluation of Bollworm Tolerance in F1 and F2 BT Cotton under Unprotected Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K.%20Bhute">N. K. Bhute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20B.%20Bhosle"> B. B. Bhosle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Field experiment was conducted during kharif 2005, at the experimental farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, Maharashtra. F1 and F2 hybrids of 23 Bt and 5 non-Bt hybrids were grown in a randomized block design with two replications. The results showed that among F1 hybrids, open boll damage due to bollworm complex was not noticed in 4233 Bt and 4247 Bt cotton hybrids which were found significantly superior over MECH 6301 Bt (3.2 %), 4255 Bt (3.28 %) and it was at par with rest of the hybrids. Among F2 hybrids minimum open boll damage (3.10 %) was noticed in Proagro 144 Bt, which was found significantly superior over rest of the hybrids except 4234 Bt (4.17 %) and 4254 Bt (4.98 %) which were at par with each other. In respect of seed cotton yield, among F1 hybrids maximum yield (15.51 q/ha) was recorded in 4233 Bt which was found significantly superior over rest of the hybrids except 4237 Bt (15.24 q/ha). Among F2 maximum yield (15.44 q/ha) was recorded in 4233 Bt which was found significantly superior over rest of the hybrids except 4258 Bt (15.41 q/ha), 4239 Bt (15.098 q/ha) which were at par with each other. Thus F2 Bt cotton express Bt protein in segregated pattern in which bollworm attack was more as compared to F1 which affects yield as well as quality of lint. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bt%20cotton" title="Bt cotton">Bt cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bollworms" title=" bollworms"> bollworms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F1%20and%20F2%20generations" title=" F1 and F2 generations"> F1 and F2 generations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unprotected%20condition" title=" unprotected condition"> unprotected condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24377/evaluation-of-bollworm-tolerance-in-f1-and-f2-bt-cotton-under-unprotected-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">490</span> Flame Retardant Study of Methylol Melamine Phosphate-Treated Cotton Fibre</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurudeen%20Afolami%20Ayeni">Nurudeen Afolami Ayeni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasali%20Bello"> Kasali Bello</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Methylolmelamine with increasing degree of methylol substitution and the phosphates derivatives were used to resinate cotton fabric (CF). The resination was carried out at different curing time and curing temperature. Generally, the results show a reduction in the flame propagation rate of the treated fabrics compared to the untreated cotton fabric (CF). While the flame retardancy of methylolmelamine-treated fibre could be attributed to the degree of crosslinking of fibre-resin network which promotes stability, the methylolmelamine phosphate-treated fabrics show better retardancy due to the intumescences action of the phosphate resin upon decomposition in the resin – fabric network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20fabric" title="cotton fabric">cotton fabric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20retardant" title=" flame retardant"> flame retardant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methylolmelamine" title=" methylolmelamine"> methylolmelamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosslinking" title=" crosslinking"> crosslinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resination" title=" resination "> resination </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18392/flame-retardant-study-of-methylol-melamine-phosphate-treated-cotton-fibre" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">489</span> Antibacterial and Antioxidant Capacity of Fabric Treated with Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato Extract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung%20Hwa%20Hong">Kyung Hwa Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eunmi%20Koh"> Eunmi Koh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wool and cotton fabrics are pretreated by a tannic acid aqueous solution to increase their dyeability and then dyed by Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato (PSP) extract. The dyed fabrics are then investigated by various analysis techniques. The results revealed that wool and cotton fabrics can be dyed bluish red through the pretreatment and dyeing process. Both wool and cotton fabrics only pretreated with tannic acid display decreased L* value but no significant changes in a* and b* values as the concentration of tannic acid increases. And, as expected, the pretreated fabrics are even darker and show a richer purple color after the dyeing process with the PSP extract. With regard to the colorfastness of wool and cotton fabrics dyed by PSP extract in cleaning circumstances, such as dry-cleaning (for wool) and washing (for cotton), the wool and cotton fabrics had a 4.0 and 4.0 grade of colorfastness to dry-cleaning and washing, respectively. However, they both exhibited significantly inferior colorfastness to light (grade of 1.5). Thus, it was found that there is still a need for improvement with regard to color fastness, particularly against light. On the other hand, the wool and cotton fabrics also showed antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics. In addition, both the wool and cotton fabrics showed potential antibacterial ability (>99%) against Staphylococcus aureus; however, they showed somewhat insufficient antibacterial ability (60.8% for wool and 94.8% for cotton) against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Also, their antioxidant abilities increased up to ca. 90% with an increase in the tannic acid concentration (up to 0.5%). However, after the dyeing process, the antibacterial and antioxidant ability tended to decrease. This is assumed to have occurred because functional moieties such as phenolic acids were detached from the pretreated fabrics into the hot water (the dyeing solution) during the dyeing process. Therefore, further study would be necessary to derive the optimum treatment and dyeing conditions so as to maximize the coloring effect and functionalities of the fabrics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title="antibacterial activity">antibacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purple-fleshed%20sweet%20potato" title=" purple-fleshed sweet potato"> purple-fleshed sweet potato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fabrics" title=" fabrics"> fabrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61404/antibacterial-and-antioxidant-capacity-of-fabric-treated-with-purple-fleshed-sweet-potato-extract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">488</span> Enhancing of Flame Retardancy and Hydrophobicity of Cotton by Coating a Phosphorous, Silica, Nitrogen Containing Bio-Flame Retardant Liquid for Upholstery Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Maksym">Li Maksym</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabhakar%20M.%20N."> Prabhakar M. N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Il%20Song"> Jung-Il Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a flame retardant and hydrophobic cotton textile were prepared by utilizing a renewable halogen-free bio-based solution based on chitosan, urea, and phytic acid, named bio-flame retardant liquid (BFL), through facile dip-coating technology. Deposition of BFL on the surface of the cotton was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Thermal and flame retardant properties of the cottons were studied with thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, vertical flame test, cone calorimeter test. Only with 8.8% of dry weight gain treaded cotton showed self-extinguish properties during fire test. Cone calorimeter test revealed a reduction of peak heat release rate from 203.2 to 21 kW/m2 and total heat release from 20.1 to 2.8 MJ/m2. Incidentally, BFL remarkably improved the thermal stability of flame retardant cotton from expressed in an enhanced amount of char at 700 °C (6.7 vs. 33.5%). BFL initiates the formation of phosphorous and silica contain char layer whichrestrains the propagation of heat and oxygen to unburned materialstrengthen by the liberation of non-combustible gases, which reduce the concentration of flammable volatiles and oxygen hence reducing the flammability of cotton. In addition, hydrophobicity and specific ignition test for upholstery application were performed. In conjunction, the proposed flame retardant cotton is potentially translatable to be utilized as upholstery materials in public transport. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20farbic" title="cotton farbic">cotton farbic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20retardancy" title=" flame retardancy"> flame retardancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20coating" title=" surface coating"> surface coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intumescent%20mechanism" title=" intumescent mechanism"> intumescent mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150303/enhancing-of-flame-retardancy-and-hydrophobicity-of-cotton-by-coating-a-phosphorous-silica-nitrogen-containing-bio-flame-retardant-liquid-for-upholstery-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">487</span> MNH-886(Bt.): A Cotton Cultivar (G. Hirsutum L.) for Cultivation in Virus Infested Regions of Pakistan, Having High Seed Cotton Yield and Desirable Fibre Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wajad%20Nazeer">Wajad Nazeer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saghir%20Ahmad"> Saghir Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Mahmood"> Khalid Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Altaf%20Hussain"> Altaf Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abid%20Mahmood"> Abid Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baoliang%20Zhou"> Baoliang Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> MNH-886(Bt.) is a upland cotton cultivar (Gossypium hirsutum L.) developed through hybridization of three parents [(FH-207×MNH-770)×Bollgard-1] at Cotton Research Station Multan, Pakistan. It is resistant to CLCuVD with 16.25 % disease incidence (60 DAS, March sowing) whereas moderately susceptible to CLCuVD when planted in June with disease incidence 34 % (60 DAS). This disease reaction was lowest among 25 cotton advanced lines/varieties tested at hot spots of CLCuVD. Its performance was tested during 2009 to 2012 in various indigenous, provincial, and national varietal trials in comparison with the commercial variety IR-3701 and AA-802 & CIM-496. In PCCT trial during 2009-10; 2011-12, MNH-886 surpassed all the existing Bt. strains along with commercial varieties across the Punjab province with seed cotton yield production 2658 kg ha-1 and 2848 kg ha-1 which was 81.31 and 13% higher than checks, respectively. In National Coordinated Bt. Trial, MNH-886(Bt.) produced 3347 kg ha-1 seed cotton at CCRI, Multan; the hot spot of CLCuVD, in comparison to IR-3701 which gave 2556 kg ha-1. It possesses higher lint percentage (41.01%), along with the most desirable fibre traits (staple length 28.210mm, micronaire value 4.95 µg inch-1 and fibre strength 99.5 tppsi, and uniformity ratio 82.0%). The quantification of toxicity level of crystal protein was found positive for Cry1Ab/Ac protein with toxicity level 2.76µg g-1 and Mon 531 event was confirmed. Having tremendous yield potential, good fibre traits, and great tolerance to CLCuVD we can recommended this variety for cultivation in CLCuVD hotspots of Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title="cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivar" title=" cultivar"> cultivar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20leaf%20curl%20virus" title=" cotton leaf curl virus"> cotton leaf curl virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CLCuVD%20hit%20districts" title=" CLCuVD hit districts"> CLCuVD hit districts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2585/mnh-886bt-a-cotton-cultivar-g-hirsutum-l-for-cultivation-in-virus-infested-regions-of-pakistan-having-high-seed-cotton-yield-and-desirable-fibre-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">486</span> A Review of Antimicrobial Strategy for Cotton Textile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20W.%20Kan">C. W. Kan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20L.%20Lam"> Y. L. Lam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cotton textile has large specific surfaces with good adhesion and water-storage properties which provide conditions for the growth and settlement of biological organisms. In addition, the soil, dust and solutes from sweat can also be the sources of nutrients for microorganisms [236]. Generally speaking, algae can grow on textiles under very moist conditions, providing nutrients for fungi and bacteria growth. Fungi cause multiple problems to textiles including discolouration, coloured stains and fibre damage. Bacteria can damage fibre and cause unpleasant odours with a slick and slimy feel. In addition, microbes can disrupt the manufacturing processes such as textile dyeing, printing and finishing operations through the reduction of viscosity, fermentation and mold formation. Therefore, a large demand exists for the anti-microbially finished textiles capable of avoiding or limiting microbial fibre degradation or bio fouling, bacterial incidence, odour generation and spreading or transfer of pathogens. In this review, the main strategy for cotton textile will be reviewed. In the beginning, the classification of bacteria and germs which are commonly found with cotton textiles will be introduced. The chemistry of antimicrobial finishing will be discussed. In addition, the types of antimicrobial treatment will be summarized. Finally, the application and evaluation of antimicrobial treatment on cotton textile will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title=" textile"> textile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=review" title=" review"> review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28776/a-review-of-antimicrobial-strategy-for-cotton-textile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">485</span> Evaluation of Neonicotinoids Against Sucking Insect Pests of Cotton in Laboratory and Field Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sufyan">Muhammad Sufyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20D.%20Gogi"> Muhammad D. Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arshad"> Muhammad Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Nawaz"> Ahmad Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Usman"> Muhammad Usman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) universally known as silver fiber and is one of the most important cash crop of Pakistan. A wide array of pests constraints cotton production among which sucking insect pests cause serious losses. Mostly new chemistry insecticides used to control a wide variety of insect pests including sucking insect pests. In the present study efficacy of different neonicotinoids was evaluated against sucking insect pests of cotton in the field and in laboratory for red and dusky cotton bug. The experiment was conducted at Entomology Research Station, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Confidence Ultra (Imidacloprid) 70% SL, Confidor (Imidacloprid) 20% SL, Kendo (Lambda cyhalothrin) 24.7 SC, Actara (Thiamethoxam) 25% WG, Forcast (Tebufenozide+ Emamectin benzoate) 8.8 EW and Timer (Emamectin benzoate) 1.9 EC at their recommended doses. The data was collected on per leaf basis of thrips, aphid, jassid and whitefly before 24 hours of spray. The post treatment data was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The fresh, non-infested and untreated cotton leaves was collected from the field and brought to the laboratory to assess the efficacy of neonicotinoids against red and dusky cotton bug. After data analysis all the insecticides were found effective against sucking pests. Confidence Ultra was highly effective against the aphid, jassid, and whitefly and gave maximum mortality, while showed non-significant results against thrips. In case of aphid plot which was treated with Kando 24.7 SC showed significant mortality after 72 hours of pesticide application. Similar trends were found in laboratory conditions with all these treatments by making different concentrations and had significant impact on dusky cotton bug and red cotton bug population after 24, 48 and 72 hours after application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title="cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20and%20field%20conditions" title=" laboratory and field conditions"> laboratory and field conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neonicotinoids" title=" neonicotinoids"> neonicotinoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sucking%20insect%20pests" title=" sucking insect pests"> sucking insect pests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79071/evaluation-of-neonicotinoids-against-sucking-insect-pests-of-cotton-in-laboratory-and-field-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">484</span> The Effect of Iconic and Beat Gestures on Memory Recall in Greek’s First and Second Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleni%20Ioanna%20Levantinou">Eleni Ioanna Levantinou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gestures play a major role in comprehension and memory recall due to the fact that aid the efficient channel of the meaning and support listeners’ comprehension and memory. In the present study, the assistance of two kinds of gestures (iconic and beat gestures) is tested in regards to memory and recall. The hypothesis investigated here is whether or not iconic and beat gestures provide assistance in memory and recall in Greek and in Greek speakers’ second language. Two groups of participants were formed, one comprising Greeks that reside in Athens and one with Greeks that reside in Copenhagen. Three kinds of stimuli were used: A video with words accompanied with iconic gestures, a video with words accompanied with beat gestures and a video with words alone. The languages used are Greek and English. The words in the English videos were spoken by a native English speaker and by a Greek speaker talking English. The reason for this is that when it comes to beat gestures that serve a meta-cognitive function and are generated according to the intonation of a language, prosody plays a major role. Thus, participants that have different influences in prosody may generate different results from rhythmic gestures. Memory recall was assessed by asking the participants to try to remember as many words as they could after viewing each video. Results show that iconic gestures provide significant assistance in memory and recall in Greek and in English whether they are produced by a native or a second language speaker. In the case of beat gestures though, the findings indicate that beat gestures may not play such a significant role in Greek language. As far as intonation is concerned, a significant difference was not found in the case of beat gestures produced by a native English speaker and by a Greek speaker talking English. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20language" title="first language">first language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gestures" title=" gestures"> gestures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language%20acquisition" title=" second language acquisition"> second language acquisition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49317/the-effect-of-iconic-and-beat-gestures-on-memory-recall-in-greeks-first-and-second-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">483</span> The Greek Root Word ‘Kos’ and the Trade of Ancient Greek with Tamil Nadu, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Pugazhendhi">D. Pugazhendhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ancient Greeks were forerunners in many fields than other societies. So, the Greeks were well connected with all the countries which were well developed during that time through trade route. In this connection, trading of goods from the ancient Greece to Tamil Nadu which is presently in India, though they are geographically far away, played an important role. In that way, the word and the goods related with <em>kos</em> and <em>kare</em> got exchanged between these two societies. So, it is necessary to compare the phonology and the morphological occurrences of these words that are found common both in the ancient Greek and Tamil literatures of the contemporary period. The results show that there were many words derived from the root <em>kos</em> with the basic meaning of ‘arrange’ in the ancient Greek language, but this is not the case in the usage of the word <em>kare</em>. In the ancient Tamil literature, the word <em>‘kos’</em> does not have any root and also had rare occurrences. But it was just the opposite in the case of the word <em>‘kare’</em>. One of all the meanings of the word, which was derived from the root <em>‘kos’</em> in ancient Greek literature, is related with costly ornaments. This meaning seems to have close resemblance with the usage of word<em> ‘kos’</em> in ancient Tamil literature. Also, the meaning of the word <em>‘kare’</em> in ancient Tamil literature is related with spices whereas, in the ancient Greek literature, its meaning is related to that of the cooking of meat using spices. Hence, the similarity seen in the meanings of these words <em>‘kos’</em> and <em>‘kare’</em> in both these languages provides lead for further study. More than that, the ancient literary resources which are available in both these languages ensure the export and import of gold and spices from the ancient Greek land to Tamil land. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arrange" title="arrange">arrange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kare" title=" kare"> kare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kos" title=" Kos"> Kos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ornament" title=" ornament"> ornament</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamil" title=" Tamil"> Tamil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117046/the-greek-root-word-kos-and-the-trade-of-ancient-greek-with-tamil-nadu-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">482</span> Effect of Dyeing on the Cotton/Polyester Blended Fabric Treated by Tetra Carboxylic Acid (BTCA) and Nano TiO2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aryan%20Azad">Aryan Azad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Jae%20Kim"> Sun Jae Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cotton fabric is particularly prone to wrinkling. BTCA has been confirmed as the most effective reagent with sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as catalyst for decreasing the wrinkle issue. Using nano TiO2 as aco-catalyst could improve the catalytic reaction of the BTCA as well. In this study, the effect of dying process using reactive/disperse on the cotton/polyester blended fabric (65/35%) which is previously treated by nano TiO2 and BTCA, were investigated. Results were compared by samples which were not treated by nano TiO2 and BTCA by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Results showed, samples which were treated by mixing nano TiO2 and BTCA have not absorbed dye as much as untreated samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%2Fpolyester" title="cotton/polyester">cotton/polyester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyeing%20process" title=" dyeing process"> dyeing process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20titanium%20dioxide%20%28TiO2%29" title=" nano titanium dioxide (TiO2)"> nano titanium dioxide (TiO2)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20hypophosphite%20%28SHP%29" title=" sodium hypophosphite (SHP)"> sodium hypophosphite (SHP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetra%20carboxylic%20acid%20%28BTCA%29" title=" Tetra carboxylic acid (BTCA)"> Tetra carboxylic acid (BTCA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57849/effect-of-dyeing-on-the-cottonpolyester-blended-fabric-treated-by-tetra-carboxylic-acid-btca-and-nano-tio2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">481</span> Expression of Gro-El under Phloem-Specific Promoter Protects Transgenic Plants against Diverse Begomovirus-Beta Satellite Complex</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yousaf%20Ali">Muhammad Yousaf Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Mansoor"> Shahid Mansoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javeria%20Qazi"> Javeria Qazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Amin"> Imran Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musarrat%20Shaheen"> Musarrat Shaheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is the major threat to the cotton crop and is transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Since multiple begomoviruses and associated satellites are involved in CLCuD, approaches based on the concept of broad-spectrum resistance are essential for effective disease control. Gro-El and G5 are two proteins from whitefly endosymbiont and M13 bacteriophage origin, respectively. Gro-El encapsulates the virus particle when it enters the whitefly and protects the virus from the immune system of the whitefly as well as prevents viral expression in it. This characteristic of Gro-El can be exploited to get resistance against viruses if expressed in plants. G5 is a single-stranded DNA binding protein, expression of which in transgenic plants will stop viral expression on its binding with ssDNA. The use of tissue-specific promoters is more efficient than constitutive promoters. Transgenics of Nicotiana benthamiana for Gro-El under constitutive promoter and Gro-El under phloem specific promoter were made. In comparison to non-transgenic plants, transgenic plants with Gro-El under NSP promoter showed promising results when challenged against cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) along with cotton leaf curl Multan beta satellite (CLCuMB), cotton leaf curl Khokhran virus (CLCuKoV) along with cotton leaf curl Multan beta satellite (CLCuMB) and Pedilenthus leaf curl virus (PedLCV) along with Tobacco leaf curl beta satellite (TbLCB). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20leaf%20curl%20disease" title="cotton leaf curl disease">cotton leaf curl disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whitefly" title=" whitefly"> whitefly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endosymbionts" title=" endosymbionts"> endosymbionts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transgenic" title=" transgenic"> transgenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149808/expression-of-gro-el-under-phloem-specific-promoter-protects-transgenic-plants-against-diverse-begomovirus-beta-satellite-complex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">480</span> Sustainable Dyeing of Cotton and Polyester Blend Fabric without Reduction Clearing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Tofayel%20Ahmed">Mohammad Tofayel Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20Kook%20An"> Seung Kook An</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In contemporary research world, focus is more set on sustainable products and innovative processes. The global textile industries are putting tremendous effort to achieve a balance between economic development and ecological protection concurrently. The conservation of water sources and environment have become immensely significant issue in textile dyeing production. Accordingly, an attempt has been taken in this study to develop a process to dye polyester blend cotton without reduction clearing process and any extra wash off chemical by simple modification aiming at cost reduction and sustainability. A widely used combination of 60/40 cotton/polyester (c/p) single jersey knitted fabric of 30’s, 180 g/m² was considered for study. Traditionally, pretreatment is done followed by polyester part dyeing, reduction clearing and cotton part dyeing for c/p blend dyeing. But in this study, polyester part is dyed right away followed by pretreatment process and cotton part dyeing by skipping the reduction clearing process diametrically. The dyed samples of both traditional and modified samples were scrutinized by various color fastness tests, dyeing parameters and by consumption of water, steam, power, process time and total batch cost. The modified process in this study showed no necessity of reduction clearing process for polyester blend cotton dyeing. The key issue contributing to avoid the reduction clearing after polyester part dyeing has been the multifunctional effect of NaOH and H₂O₂ while pretreatment of cotton after polyester part dyeing. The results also revealed that the modified process could reduce the consumption of water, steam, power, time and cost remarkably. The bulk trial of modified process demonstrated the well exploitability to dye polyester blend cotton substrate ensuring all fastness and dyeing properties regardless of dyes category, blend ratio, color, and shade percentage thus making the process sustainable, eco-friendly and economical. Furthermore, the proposed method could be applicable to any cellulosic blend with polyester. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title="cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyeing" title=" dyeing"> dyeing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economical" title=" economical"> economical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyester" title=" polyester"> polyester</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101251/sustainable-dyeing-of-cotton-and-polyester-blend-fabric-without-reduction-clearing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">479</span> The Greek Diaspora in Australia: Identity and Transnational Identity </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panayiota%20Romios">Panayiota Romios</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the use of 'diaspora' has proliferated in the last decade, its meaning has been stretched in various directions. Current diaspora frames of identity representation do not adequately capture the complexities of everyday lived experiences of transnational individuals and groups. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative research project conducted in Melbourne, Australia with second generation Greek Australians. It analyses the forms of intercultural identities of the second generation Greek Australians returning to Australia post-2008, after living in Greece for an extended period of time. The discussion highlights key characteristics in relation to diaspora-homeland ties, seeking to denaturalise the commonplace assumptions and imaginations about the cultures and identities of Greek Australian diaspora communities and probe the relevance of identity markers such a country of origin, nationality, ethnicity, ethnic origin, language and mother tongue. The definition of diaspora experienced in this transnational lexicon is interestingly quite distinct from original articulations and also from others returning ‘home’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diaspora" title="diaspora">diaspora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement" title=" displacement"> displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80859/the-greek-diaspora-in-australia-identity-and-transnational-identity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">478</span> Four Decades of Greek Artistic Presence in Paris (1970-2010): Theory and Interpretation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sapfo%20A.%20Mortaki">Sapfo A. Mortaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article examines the presence of Greek immigrant artists (painters and sculptors) in Paris during 1970-2010. The aim is to highlight their presence in the French capital through archival research in the daily and periodical press as well as present the impact of their artistic activity on the French intellectual life and society. At the same time, their contribution to the development of cultural life in Greece becomes apparent. The integration of those migrant artists into an environment of cultural coexistence and the understanding of the social phenomenon of their migration, in the context of postmodernity, are being investigated. The cultural relations between the two countries are studied in the context of support mechanisms, such as the Greek community, cultural institutions, museums and galleries. The recognition of the Greek artists by the French society and the social dimension in the context of their activity in Paris, are discussed in terms of the assimilation theory. Since the 1970s, and especially since the fall of the dictatorship in Greece, in opposition to the prior situation, artists' contacts with their homeland have been significantly enhanced, with most of them now travelling to Paris, while others work in parallel in both countries. As a result, not only do the stages of the development of their work through their pursuits become visible, but, most importantly, the artistic world becomes informed about the multifaceted expression of art through the succession of various contemporary currents. Thus, the participation of Greek artists in the international cultural landscape is demonstrated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artistic%20migration" title="artistic migration">artistic migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20impact" title=" cultural impact"> cultural impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greek%20artists" title=" Greek artists"> Greek artists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postmodernity" title=" postmodernity"> postmodernity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20assimilation" title=" theory of assimilation"> theory of assimilation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84658/four-decades-of-greek-artistic-presence-in-paris-1970-2010-theory-and-interpretation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84658.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">477</span> Microstructure Study of NanoCrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Cotton Linter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Amidi-Fazli">Farid Amidi-Fazli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Problems and disadvantages of using conventional plastics are more apparent in recent years and have attracted researchers' attention. Polymers from natural resources or bio polymers represent a suitable replacement to overcome to the disadvantages of plastics. But due to the some flaws of bio polymers, using suitable filler almost seems necessary. Nanocrystalline cellulose with low cost and availability can be applied as appropriate filler. In this study nanocrystalline cellulose was produced from cotton Linter and was characterized. The cotton Linter was hydrolyzed in sulfuric acid then neutralized by the two different concentrations of NaOH. The resulted suspension was treated by ultrasound waves. Process efficiency was determined as 90%. The final product was studied using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction technique. The obtained diagram of XRD experiment confirmed that the produced material was nanocrystalline cellulose. Also percentage of crystallinity was calculated as 84% in the obtained material as well as the size of crystals. It can be said that the applied method is a rapid and easy method for the production of nanocrystalline cellulose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystalline%20cellulose" title="nanocrystalline cellulose">nanocrystalline cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallinity" title=" crystallinity"> crystallinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20linter" title=" cotton linter "> cotton linter </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32979/microstructure-study-of-nanocrystalline-cellulose-obtained-from-cotton-linter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">476</span> Breeding Cotton for Annual Growth Habit: Remobilizing End-of-season Perennial Reserves for Increased Yield</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Naveed">Salman Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nitant%20Gandhi"> Nitant Gandhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grant%20Billings"> Grant Billings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zachary%20Jones"> Zachary Jones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Todd%20Campbell"> B. Todd Campbell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Jones"> Michael Jones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sachin%20Rustgi"> Sachin Rustgi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the primary source of natural fiber in the U.S. and a major crop in the Southeastern U.S. Despite constant efforts to increase the cotton fiber yield, the yield gain has stagnated. Therefore, we undertook a novel approach to improve the cotton fiber yield by altering its growth habit from perennial to annual. In this effort, we identified genotypes with high-expression alleles of five floral induction and meristem identity genes (FT, SOC1, FUL, LFY, and AP1) from an upland cotton mini-core collection and crossed them in various combinations to develop cotton lines with annual growth habit, optimal flowering time and enhanced productivity. To facilitate the characterization of genotypes with the desired combinations of stacked alleles, we identified markers associated with the gene expression traits via genome-wide association analysis using a 63K SNP Array (Hulse-Kemp et al. 2015 G3 5:1187). Over 14,500 SNPs showed polymorphism and were used for association analysis. A total of 396 markers showed association with expression traits. Out of these 396 markers, 159 mapped to genes, 50 to untranslated regions, and 187 to random genomic regions. Biased genomic distribution of associated markers was observed where more trait-associated markers mapped to the cotton D sub-genome. Many quantitative trait loci coincided at specific genomic regions. This observation has implications as these traits could be bred together. The analysis also allowed the identification of candidate regulators of the expression patterns of these floral induction and meristem identity genes whose functions will be validated via virus-induced gene silencing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title="cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GWAS" title=" GWAS"> GWAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QTL" title=" QTL"> QTL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expression%20traits" title=" expression traits"> expression traits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143604/breeding-cotton-for-annual-growth-habit-remobilizing-end-of-season-perennial-reserves-for-increased-yield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">475</span> Effects of Spent Dyebath Recycling on Pollution and Cost of Production in a Cotton Textile Industry </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinesh%20Kumar%20Sharma">Dinesh Kumar Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Sharma"> Sanjay Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Textile manufacturing industry uses a substantial amount of chemicals not only in the production processes but also in manufacturing the raw materials. Dyes are the most significant raw material which provides colour to the fabric and yarn. Dyes are produced by using a large amount of chemicals both organic and inorganic in nature. Dyes are further classified as Reactive or Vat Dyes which are mostly used in cotton textiles. In the process of application of dyes to the cotton fiber, yarn or fabric, several auxiliary chemicals are also used in the solution called dyebath to improve the absorption of dyes. There is a very little absorption of dyes and auxiliary chemicals and a residual amount of all these substances is released as the spent dye bath effluent. Because of the wide variety of chemicals used in cotton textile dyes, there is always a risk of harmful effects which may not be apparent immediately but may have an irreversible impact in the long term. Colour imparted by the dyes to the water also has an adverse effect on its public acceptability and the potability. This study has been conducted with an objective to assess the feasibility of reuse of the spent dye bath. Studies have been conducted in two independent industries manufacturing dyed cotton yarn and dyed cotton fabric respectively. These have been referred as Unit-I and Unit-II. The studies included assessment of reduction in pollution levels and the economic benefits of such reuse. The study conclusively establishes that the reuse of spent dyebath results in prevention of pollution, reduction in pollution loads and cost of effluent treatment & production. This pollution prevention technique presents a good preposition for pollution prevention in cotton textile industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyes" title="dyes">dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyebath" title=" dyebath"> dyebath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reuse" title=" reuse"> reuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic" title=" toxic"> toxic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=costs" title=" costs"> costs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22655/effects-of-spent-dyebath-recycling-on-pollution-and-cost-of-production-in-a-cotton-textile-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">474</span> Perseus and Medusa (Persia and Medes) in Greek Mythology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Moeini%20Sam">Behzad Moeini Sam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Mohammadi%20Avandi"> Sara Mohammadi Avandi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Herodotus (1, 126), the Greek historian, recounts a tale about Cyrus the Great in which he instructs his soldiers to wield sickle weapons in their battle against the Medes. This advice is reminiscent of a story from Greek mythology, in which Perseus uses a sickle to defeat the monstrous Medusa. The Greeks and Iranians coexisted during the Indo-European era and eventually established an Ario-Greek branch. They later settled in new lands such as the Indian subcontinent (Indian), West Asia (Iranian), and Crete (Greek). However, despite their shared history, the Persians and Greeks eventually became adversaries and founded two great world civilizations. This article aims to compare the mythological narrative of Perseus and Medusa with the historical reports of the Persians and Medes and to determine the extent to which the former is derived from the latter. The study methodology examines the relationship between the Greeks and the Iranians, especially the encounter between Cyrus the Great and the Medes, and then analyzes the myth of Perseus and Medusa, in which Medusa is killed by Perseus using a sickle weapon. Ultimately, it is concluded that the Greeks combined the historical events of Persia and Media under Perseus and Medusa, incorporating other mythological elements from ancient Greece. Therefore, it is likely that this myth is a reflection of the historical events of the Persians' victory over the Medes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persia" title="Persia">Persia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medes" title=" Medes"> Medes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persuse" title=" Persuse"> Persuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medusa" title=" Medusa"> Medusa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greece" title=" Greece"> Greece</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198398/perseus-and-medusa-persia-and-medes-in-greek-mythology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">10</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">473</span> Innovative Textile Design Using in-situ Ag NPs incorporation into Natural Fabric Matrix</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Rehan">M. Rehan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mashaly"> H. Mashaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Emam"> H. Emam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abou%20El-Kheir"> A. Abou El-Kheir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mowafi">S. Mowafi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we will study a simple highly efficient technique to impart multi functional properties to different fabric substrates by in situ Ag NPs incorporation into fabric matrix. Ag NPs as a coloration and antimicrobial agent were prepared in situ incorporation into fabric matrix (Cotton and Wool) by using trisodium citrate as reducing and stabilizing agent. The Ag NPs treated fabric (Cotton and Wool) showed different color because of localized surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) property of Ag NPs. The formation of Ag NPs was confirmed by UV/Vis spectra for the supernatant solutions and The Ag NPs treated fabric (Cotton and Wool) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS). The dependence of color properties characterized by colorimetric, fastness and antibacterial properties evaluated by Escherichia coli using counting method and the reaction parameters were studied. The results indicate that, the in situ Ag NPs incorporation into fabric matrix approach can simultaneously impart colorant and antimicrobial properties into different fabric substrates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ag%20NPs" title="Ag NPs">Ag NPs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coloration" title=" coloration"> coloration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wool" title=" wool"> wool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20fabric" title=" cotton fabric"> cotton fabric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11113/innovative-textile-design-using-in-situ-ag-nps-incorporation-into-natural-fabric-matrix" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">472</span> Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique to Observe the Resistant Strains of Pectinophora gossypiella against Cry1Ac Expressing Cotton</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zunnu%20Raen%20Akhtar">Zunnu Raen Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Irshad"> U. Irshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Majid"> M. Majid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the widespread cultivation of transgenic cotton, intense selection pressure resulted in resistant allele in pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Gelechiidae: Lepidoptera). A resistant strain of pink bollworm against transgenic cotton has become a challenge to Integrated Resistance Management (IRM) in the World. Laboratory and field studies were conducted to determine the resistant strains of pink bollworm by performing bioassay, extracting the DNA, conducting PCR of both laboratory as well as field collected pink bollworms to observe the developed resistance. In all of the studies, two Bt varieties FH-142 and FH-118 expressing Cry1Ac compared to non-Bt (Control) were tested against pink bollworm. In the laboratory, bioassay results showed that there was no significant mortality difference between Bt and non-Bt varieties. Similar mortality percentage was observed in transgenic and non-transgenic (control) variety. Insects which were survived after bioassay, as well as those collected from the Bt cotton fields, were selected for further molecular studies. DNA extraction followed by PCR was conducted to check the resistant strains in pink bollworm. In field studies, we also observed the population dynamics of pink boll worms on Bt as compared to non-Bt varieties. Laboratory and field studies confirmed that resistant strains occurs in Pakistani Bt cotton fields. Different strategies should be adopted to combat that serious prevailing resistance issues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transgenic%20cotton" title="transgenic cotton">transgenic cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pectinophora%20gossypiella" title=" pectinophora gossypiella"> pectinophora gossypiella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=" "> </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20resistance%20management%20%28IRM%29" title=" integrated resistance management (IRM)"> integrated resistance management (IRM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerase%20chain%20reaction%20%28PCR%29" title=" polymerase chain reaction (PCR)"> polymerase chain reaction (PCR)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74361/using-polymerase-chain-reaction-technique-to-observe-the-resistant-strains-of-pectinophora-gossypiella-against-cry1ac-expressing-cotton" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greek%20cotton&page=1" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greek%20cotton&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greek%20cotton&page=3">3</a></li> <li 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