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cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bordeaux</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Bordeaux" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Bordeaux" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bordeaux" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in France. For the wine, see <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_wine" title="Bordeaux wine">Bordeaux wine</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bordeaux (disambiguation)">Bordeaux (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Burdigala" redirects here. For the ocean liner, see <a href="/wiki/SS_Burdigala" title="SS Burdigala">SS Burdigala</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bordelaise" redirects here. For the sauce, see <a href="/wiki/Bordelaise_sauce" title="Bordelaise sauce">Bordelaise sauce</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>Bordeaux (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/bɔːrˈdoʊ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">bor-DOH</a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>French: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[bɔʁdo]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/fc\/Fr.Bordeaux.ogg\/Fr.Bordeaux.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr.Bordeaux.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/Fr.Bordeaux.ogg/Fr.Bordeaux.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Fr.Bordeaux.ogg" title="File:Fr.Bordeaux.ogg">ⓘ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gascon_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gascon language">Gascon</a> <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: Bordèu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[buɾˈðɛw]</a>; <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>: Bordele) is a city on the river <a href="/wiki/Garonne" title="Garonne">Garonne</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a>, southwestern France. A port city, it is the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a> region, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a> of the Gironde department. Its inhabitants are called "Bordelais" (masculine) or "Bordelaises" (feminine). The term "Bordelais" may also refer to the city and its surrounding region. <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Bordeaux</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}">Bordèu (<a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of France">Prefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:171px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_Place_de_la_Bourse_de_nuit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Place de la Bourse"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Bordeaux_Place_de_la_Bourse_de_nuit.jpg/268px-Bordeaux_Place_de_la_Bourse_de_nuit.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Bordeaux_Place_de_la_Bourse_de_nuit.jpg/402px-Bordeaux_Place_de_la_Bourse_de_nuit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Bordeaux_Place_de_la_Bourse_de_nuit.jpg/536px-Bordeaux_Place_de_la_Bourse_de_nuit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5539" data-file-height="3547"></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div style="border:1;;height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_(37500642606).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cité du Vin"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_%2837500642606%29.jpg/144px-Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_%2837500642606%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_%2837500642606%29.jpg/216px-Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_%2837500642606%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_%2837500642606%29.jpg/288px-Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_%2837500642606%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:66px;max-width:66px"><div style="border:1;;height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:France-001698_-_Triumph_of_the_Republic_(South_Side)_(15031012263).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monument aux Girondins"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/France-001698_-_Triumph_of_the_Republic_%28South_Side%29_%2815031012263%29.jpg/64px-France-001698_-_Triumph_of_the_Republic_%28South_Side%29_%2815031012263%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="64" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/France-001698_-_Triumph_of_the_Republic_%28South_Side%29_%2815031012263%29.jpg/96px-France-001698_-_Triumph_of_the_Republic_%28South_Side%29_%2815031012263%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/France-001698_-_Triumph_of_the_Republic_%28South_Side%29_%2815031012263%29.jpg/128px-France-001698_-_Triumph_of_the_Republic_%28South_Side%29_%2815031012263%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3853" data-file-height="5779"></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:54px;max-width:54px"><div style="border:1;;height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_(33)_Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_Tour_Pey_Berland_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tour Pey-Berland"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bordeaux_%2833%29_Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_Tour_Pey_Berland_01.jpg/52px-Bordeaux_%2833%29_Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_Tour_Pey_Berland_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="52" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bordeaux_%2833%29_Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_Tour_Pey_Berland_01.jpg/78px-Bordeaux_%2833%29_Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_Tour_Pey_Berland_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bordeaux_%2833%29_Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_Tour_Pey_Berland_01.jpg/104px-Bordeaux_%2833%29_Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_Tour_Pey_Berland_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="1171"></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:50px;max-width:50px"><div style="border:1;;height:72px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The big bell of Bordeaux"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG/48px-Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG" decoding="async" width="48" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG/72px-Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG/96px-Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4928"></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div style="border:1;;height:72px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_Opera.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bordeaux Opera"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bordeaux_Opera.jpg/108px-Bordeaux_Opera.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bordeaux_Opera.jpg/162px-Bordeaux_Opera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bordeaux_Opera.jpg/216px-Bordeaux_Opera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:106px;max-width:106px"><div style="border:1;;height:72px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedrale_St_Andre,_lieu_de_vie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cathédrale Saint-André de Bordeaux at night"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cathedrale_St_Andre%2C_lieu_de_vie.jpg/104px-Cathedrale_St_Andre%2C_lieu_de_vie.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cathedrale_St_Andre%2C_lieu_de_vie.jpg/156px-Cathedrale_St_Andre%2C_lieu_de_vie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cathedrale_St_Andre%2C_lieu_de_vie.jpg/208px-Cathedrale_St_Andre%2C_lieu_de_vie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4265" data-file-height="2957"></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:178px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_(2418988310).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pont de Pierre"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bordeaux_%282418988310%29.jpg/268px-Bordeaux_%282418988310%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bordeaux_%282418988310%29.jpg/402px-Bordeaux_%282418988310%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bordeaux_%282418988310%29.jpg/536px-Bordeaux_%282418988310%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="1568"></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From top to bottom, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Bourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Place de la Bourse">Place de la Bourse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_du_Vin" title="Cité du Vin">Cité du Vin</a>, Monument aux Girondins, <a href="/wiki/Tour_Pey-Berland" title="Tour Pey-Berland">Tour Pey-Berland</a>, Grosse Cloche, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux" title="Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux">Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_Cathedral" title="Bordeaux Cathedral">Saint-André Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pont_de_pierre_(Bordeaux)" title="Pont de pierre (Bordeaux)">Pont de pierre</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Garonne" title="Garonne">Garonne</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bordeaux,_France.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Bordeaux"><img alt="Flag of Bordeaux" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bordeaux%2C_France.gif/100px-Flag_of_Bordeaux%2C_France.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bordeaux%2C_France.gif/150px-Flag_of_Bordeaux%2C_France.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bordeaux%2C_France.gif/200px-Flag_of_Bordeaux%2C_France.gif 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Bordeaux_(Chief_of_France_Moderne).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Bordeaux"><img alt="Coat of arms of Bordeaux" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bordeaux_%28Chief_of_France_Moderne%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bordeaux_%28Chief_of_France_Moderne%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bordeaux_%28Chief_of_France_Moderne%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bordeaux_%28Chief_of_France_Moderne%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bordeaux_%28Chief_of_France_Moderne%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bordeaux_%28Chief_of_France_Moderne%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1782" data-file-height="1345"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Lilia sola regunt lunam undas castra leonem. "The <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">fleur-de-lis</a> alone rules over the moon, the waves, the castle, and the lion" (in French: "Les lys règnent seuls sur la lune, les ondes, la forteresse et le lion.")<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Bordeaux</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays='["_6f64cec36028fc5eea60224cd084ffe2fa973aab"]'><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bordeaux&revid=1259090076&groups=_6f64cec36028fc5eea60224cd084ffe2fa973aab" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bordeaux&revid=1259090076&groups=_6f64cec36028fc5eea60224cd084ffe2fa973aab 2x" alt="Map"></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bordeaux is located in France"><img alt="Bordeaux is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.429%;left:33.038%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Bordeaux" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bordeaux</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of France</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><a href="/wiki/File:Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bordeaux is located in Nouvelle-Aquitaine"><img alt="Bordeaux is located in Nouvelle-Aquitaine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg/270px-Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg/405px-Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg/540px-Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="1017"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.134%;left:28.661%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Bordeaux" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bordeaux</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Nouvelle-Aquitaine</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bordeaux&params=44.84_N_0.58_W_region:FR-NAQ_type:city(1,000,000)">44°50′N 0°35′W / 44.84°N 0.58°W / 44.84; -0.58</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Bordeaux" title="Arrondissement of Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Bordeaux" title="Cantons of Bordeaux">5 cantons</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Bordeaux Métropole">Bordeaux Métropole</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2020–2026) </th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Hurmic" title="Pierre Hurmic">Pierre Hurmic</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">The Greens</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn">1</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">49.36 km2 (19.06 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,287.3 km2 (497.0 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,315.6 km2 (2,438.5 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2021)<a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-5">[5]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">261,804</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">9th in France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">5,300/km2 (14,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Jan. 2020<a href="#cite_note-UU_pop-6">[6]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">994,920</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">770/km2 (2,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Jan. 2020<a href="#cite_note-AAV_pop-7">[7]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,376,375</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">220/km2 (560/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bordelais</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-33063">33063</a> /</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bordeaux.fr">www.bordeaux.fr</a> <pre><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> </pre> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Port_de_la_Lune" title="Port de la Lune">Bordeaux, Port of the Moon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: ii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1256">1256</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2007 (31st <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">1,731 ha</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">11,974 ha</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> The city of Bordeaux proper had a population of 259,809 in 2020 within its small municipal territory of 49 km2 (19 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-population-8">[8]</a> but together with its <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburbs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exurb" title="Exurb">exurbs</a> the Bordeaux <a href="/wiki/Functional_area_(France)" title="Functional area (France)">metropolitan area</a> had a population of 1,376,375 that same year (Jan. 2020 census),<a href="#cite_note-AAV_pop-7">[7]</a> the sixth-most populated in France after <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>. Bordeaux and 27 suburban municipalities form the <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Bordeaux Métropole">Bordeaux Metropolis</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">indirectly elected</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tropole" title="Métropole">metropolitan authority</a> now in charge of wider metropolitan issues. The Bordeaux Metropolis, with a population of 819,604 at the January 2020 census,<a href="#cite_note-Metropolis-9">[9]</a> is the fifth most populated metropolitan council in France after those of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>. Bordeaux is a world capital of wine:<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> many <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Château">châteaux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_wine" title="Bordeaux wine">vineyards</a> stand on the hillsides of the <a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a>, and the city is home to the world's main wine fair, <a href="/wiki/Vinexpo" title="Vinexpo">Vinexpo</a>. Bordeaux is also one of the centers of gastronomy<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and business tourism for the organization of international congresses. It is a central and strategic hub for the aeronautics, military and space sector, home to major companies such as <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Aviation" title="Dassault Aviation">Dassault Aviation</a>, <a href="/wiki/ArianeGroup" title="ArianeGroup">ArianeGroup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safran" title="Safran">Safran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thales_Group" title="Thales Group">Thales</a>. The link with aviation dates back to 1910, the year the first airplane flew over the city. A crossroads of knowledge through university research, it is home to one of the only two <a href="/wiki/Megajoule_laser" class="mw-redirect" title="Megajoule laser">megajoule lasers</a> in the world, as well as a university population of more than 130,000 students within the Bordeaux Metropolis.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Bordeaux is an international tourist destination for its architectural and cultural heritage with more than 362 historic <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_monuments_historiques_de_Bordeaux#:~:text=4.3_Liens_externes-,Statistiques,au_titre_des_monuments_historiques." class="extiw" title="fr:Liste des monuments historiques de Bordeaux">monuments</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> making it, after Paris, the city with the most listed or registered monuments in France. The "Pearl of Aquitaine" has been voted European Destination of the year in a 2015 online poll.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The metropolis has also received awards and rankings by international organizations such as in 1957, Bordeaux was awarded the <a href="/wiki/The_Europe_Prize" title="The Europe Prize">Europe Prize</a> for its efforts in transmitting the European ideal. In June 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Port_de_la_Lune" title="Port de la Lune">Port of the Moon</a> in historic Bordeaux was inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a>, for its outstanding architecture and urban ensemble and in recognition of Bordeaux's international importance over the last 2000 years.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Bordeaux is also ranked as a Sufficiency city by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#5th_century_BC_to_11th_century_AD">1.1 5th century BC to 11th century AD</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#12th_century_to_15th_century,_the_English_era">1.2 12th century to 15th century, the English era</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#15th_century_to_17th_century">1.3 15th century to 17th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#18th_century,_the_golden_era">1.4 18th century, the golden era</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#French_Revolution:_political_disruption_and_loss_of_the_most_profitable_colony">1.5 French Revolution: political disruption and loss of the most profitable colony</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#19th_century,_rebirth_of_the_economy">1.6 19th century, rebirth of the economy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#20th_century">1.7 20th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#21st_century,_listed_as_World_heritage">1.8 21st century, listed as World heritage</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Geography">2 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Climate">2.1 Climate</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Economy">3 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Wine">3.1 Wine</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Others">3.2 Others</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Major_companies">3.3 Major companies</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Population">4 Population</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Politics">5 Politics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Municipal_administration">5.1 Municipal administration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Mayors_of_Bordeaux">5.2 Mayors of Bordeaux</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Elections">5.3 Elections</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Presidential_elections_of_2007">5.3.1 Presidential elections of 2007</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Parliamentary_elections_of_2007">5.3.2 Parliamentary elections of 2007</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Municipal_elections_of_2008">5.3.3 Municipal elections of 2008</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="#European_elections_of_2009">5.3.4 European elections of 2009</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#2017_elections">5.3.5 2017 elections</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="#2019_European_elections">5.3.6 2019 European elections</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="#Municipal_elections_of_2020">5.3.7 Municipal elections of 2020</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Parliamentary_representation">5.4 Parliamentary representation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Education">6 Education</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#University">6.1 University</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Schools">6.2 Schools</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Weekend_education">6.3 Weekend education</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Attractions_and_tourism">7 Attractions and tourism</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Heritage_and_architecture">7.1 Heritage and architecture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Museums">7.2 Museums</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Slavery_memorials">7.3 Slavery memorials</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Parks_and_gardens">7.4 Parks and gardens</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Pont_Jacques_Chaban-Delmas">7.5 Pont Jacques Chaban-Delmas</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Shopping">7.6 Shopping</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#Culture">8 Culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Transport">9 Transport</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Road">9.1 Road</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Rail">9.2 Rail</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#Air">9.3 Air</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Trams,_buses_and_boats">9.4 Trams, buses and boats</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="#Taxis">9.5 Taxis</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="#Public_transportation_statistics">9.6 Public transportation statistics</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="#Sport">10 Sport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-49"><a href="#Notable_people">11 Notable people</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-50"><a href="#International_relationships">12 International relationships</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="#Twin_towns_%E2%80%93_sister_cities">12.1 Twin towns – sister cities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52"><a href="#Partnerships">12.2 Partnerships</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-53"><a href="#See_also">13 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-54"><a href="#Explanatory_notes">14 Explanatory notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-55"><a href="#References">15 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-56"><a href="#Further_reading">16 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="#External_links">17 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bordeaux" title="Timeline of Bordeaux">Timeline of Bordeaux</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="5th_century_BC_to_11th_century_AD">5th century BC to 11th century AD</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 5th century BC to 11th century AD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:196px;max-width:196px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_-_Pilliers_de_Tutelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bordeaux_-_Pilliers_de_Tutelle.jpg/194px-Bordeaux_-_Pilliers_de_Tutelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="1088"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 194px;height: 137px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bordeaux_-_Pilliers_de_Tutelle.jpg/194px-Bordeaux_-_Pilliers_de_Tutelle.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="194" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bordeaux_-_Pilliers_de_Tutelle.jpg/291px-Bordeaux_-_Pilliers_de_Tutelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bordeaux_-_Pilliers_de_Tutelle.jpg/388px-Bordeaux_-_Pilliers_de_Tutelle.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Les Piliers de Tutelle</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_-_Palais_Gallien_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bordeaux_-_Palais_Gallien_2.jpg/190px-Bordeaux_-_Palais_Gallien_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="1116"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 137px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bordeaux_-_Palais_Gallien_2.jpg/190px-Bordeaux_-_Palais_Gallien_2.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="190" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bordeaux_-_Palais_Gallien_2.jpg/285px-Bordeaux_-_Palais_Gallien_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bordeaux_-_Palais_Gallien_2.jpg/380px-Bordeaux_-_Palais_Gallien_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Roman amphitheatre</div></div></div></div></div> Around 300 BC, the region was the settlement of a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Celtic tribes">Celtic tribe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bituriges_Vivisci" title="Bituriges Vivisci">Bituriges Vivisci</a>, who named the town Burdigala, probably of <a href="/wiki/Aquitanian_language" title="Aquitanian language">Aquitanian</a> origin. In 107 BC, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Burdigala" title="Battle of Burdigala">Battle of Burdigala</a> was fought by the Romans who were defending the <a href="/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges">Allobroges</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gallic tribe</a> allied to Rome, and the <a href="/wiki/Tigurini" title="Tigurini">Tigurini</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Divico" title="Divico">Divico</a>. The Romans were defeated and their commander, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_consul" title="Roman consul">consul</a> <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Cassius_Longinus_(consul_107_BC)" title="Lucius Cassius Longinus (consul 107 BC)">Lucius Cassius Longinus</a>, was killed in battle.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The city came under <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> rule around 60 BC, and it became an important commercial centre for <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> During this period were built the amphitheatre and the monument Les <a href="/wiki/Piliers_de_Tutelle" title="Piliers de Tutelle">Piliers de Tutelle</a>. In 276 AD, it was sacked by the <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>. The Vandals attacked again in 409, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> in 414, and the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> in 498, and afterwards the city fell into a period of relative obscurity. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bituriges_Vivisci.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bituriges_Vivisci.jpg/220px-Bituriges_Vivisci.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4269" data-file-height="2139"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 110px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bituriges_Vivisci.jpg/220px-Bituriges_Vivisci.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="110" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bituriges_Vivisci.jpg/330px-Bituriges_Vivisci.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bituriges_Vivisci.jpg/440px-Bituriges_Vivisci.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Coins of the <a href="/wiki/Bituriges_Vivisci" title="Bituriges Vivisci">Bituriges Vivisci</a>, 5th–1st century BC, derived from the coin designs of <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_pre-Roman_Gaul" title="Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul">Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet des Médailles">Cabinet des Médailles</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Merovingian_tremisses_minted_in_Bordeaux_by_the_Church_of_Saint_Etienne_late_6th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Merovingian_tremisses_minted_in_Bordeaux_by_the_Church_of_Saint_Etienne_late_6th_century.jpg/170px-Merovingian_tremisses_minted_in_Bordeaux_by_the_Church_of_Saint_Etienne_late_6th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="420"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 173px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Merovingian_tremisses_minted_in_Bordeaux_by_the_Church_of_Saint_Etienne_late_6th_century.jpg/170px-Merovingian_tremisses_minted_in_Bordeaux_by_the_Church_of_Saint_Etienne_late_6th_century.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Merovingian_tremisses_minted_in_Bordeaux_by_the_Church_of_Saint_Etienne_late_6th_century.jpg/255px-Merovingian_tremisses_minted_in_Bordeaux_by_the_Church_of_Saint_Etienne_late_6th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Merovingian_tremisses_minted_in_Bordeaux_by_the_Church_of_Saint_Etienne_late_6th_century.jpg/340px-Merovingian_tremisses_minted_in_Bordeaux_by_the_Church_of_Saint_Etienne_late_6th_century.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingian</a> <a href="/wiki/Tremissis" title="Tremissis">tremisses</a> minted in Bordeaux by the Church of Saint-Étienne, late sixth century. <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> In the late 6th century AD the city re-emerged as the seat of a county and an archdiocese within the <a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingian</a> <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">kingdom of the Franks</a>, but royal Frankish power was never strong. The city started to play a regional role as a major urban center on the fringes of the newly founded Frankish <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Vasconia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Vasconia">Duchy of Vasconia</a>. Around 585 Gallactorius was made <a href="/wiki/County_of_Bordeaux" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Bordeaux">Count of Bordeaux</a> and fought the <a href="/wiki/Basques" title="Basques">Basques</a>. In 732, the city was plundered by the troops of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Al_Ghafiqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi">Abd er Rahman</a> who stormed the fortifications and overwhelmed the <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitanian</a> garrison. <a href="/wiki/Odo_the_Great" title="Odo the Great">Duke Eudes</a> mustered a force to engage the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyads</a>, eventually engaging them in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_River_Garonne" title="Battle of the River Garonne">Battle of the River Garonne</a> somewhere near the river <a href="/wiki/Dordogne_(river)" title="Dordogne (river)">Dordogne</a>. The battle had a high death toll, and although Eudes was defeated he had enough troops to engage in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tours" title="Battle of Tours">Battle of Poitiers</a> and so retain his grip on Aquitaine. In 737, following his father Eudes's death, the Aquitanian <a href="/wiki/Hunald_I" title="Hunald I">duke Hunald</a> led a rebellion to which <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles</a> responded by launching an expedition that captured Bordeaux. However, it was not retained for long, during the following year the Frankish commander clashed in battle with the Aquitanians but then left to take on hostile Burgundian authorities and magnates. In 745 Aquitaine faced another expedition where Charles's sons Pepin and Carloman challenged Hunald's power and defeated him. Hunald's son <a href="/wiki/Waiofar" title="Waiofar">Waifer</a> replaced him and confirmed Bordeaux as the capital city (along with Bourges in the north). During the last stage of the <a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short#Expansion_of_the_Frankish_realm" title="Pepin the Short">war against Aquitaine</a> (760–768), it was one of Waifer's last important strongholds to fall to the troops of King <a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pepin the Short</a>. Charlemagne built the fortress of Fronsac (Frontiacus, Franciacus) near Bordeaux on a hill across the border with the Basques (Wascones), where Basque commanders came and pledged their loyalty (769). In 778, <a href="/wiki/Seguin_I_of_Gascony" title="Seguin I of Gascony">Seguin (or Sihimin)</a> was appointed count of Bordeaux, probably undermining the power of the Duke <a href="/wiki/Lupo_II_of_Gascony" class="mw-redirect" title="Lupo II of Gascony">Lupo</a>, and possibly leading to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roncevaux_Pass" title="Battle of Roncevaux Pass">Battle of Roncevaux Pass</a>. In 814, Seguin was made Duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Vasconia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Vasconia">Vasconia</a>, but was deposed in 816 for failing to suppress a Basque rebellion. Under the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a>, sometimes the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Bordeaux" title="Count of Bordeaux">Counts of Bordeaux</a> held the title concomitantly with that of <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Gascony" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Gascony">Duke of Vasconia</a>. They were to keep the Basques in check and defend the mouth of the Garonne from the <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Vikings</a> when they appeared in c. 844. In Autumn 845, the Vikings were raiding Bordeaux and Saintes, count <a href="/wiki/Seguin_II_of_Gascony" title="Seguin II of Gascony">Seguin II</a> marched on them but was captured and executed. Although the <a href="/wiki/Port_de_la_Lune" title="Port de la Lune">port of Bordeaux</a> was a buzzing trade center, the stability and success of the city was threatened by <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Viking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> incursions and political instability. The restoration of the <a href="/wiki/Ramnulfids" title="Ramnulfids">Ramnulfid</a> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Duke of Aquitaine">Dukes of Aquitaine</a> under <a href="/wiki/William_IV,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William IV, Duke of Aquitaine">William IV</a> and his successors (known as the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Poitiers" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Poitiers">House of Poitiers</a>) brought continuity of government.<a href="#cite_note-britannica-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="12th_century_to_15th_century,_the_English_era">12th century to 15th century, the English era</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 12th century to 15th century, the English era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> From the 12th to the 15th century, Bordeaux flourished once more following the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eléonore</a>, Duchess of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a> and the last of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Poitiers" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Poitiers">House of Poitiers</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II Plantagenêt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Counts_and_dukes_of_Anjou" title="Counts and dukes of Anjou">Count of Anjou</a> and the grandson of <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I of England</a>, who succeeded to the English crown months after their wedding, bringing into being the vast <a href="/wiki/Angevin_Empire" title="Angevin Empire">Angevin Empire</a>, which stretched from the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> to Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> After granting a tax-free trade status with England, Henry was adored by the locals as they could be even more profitable in the wine trade, their main source of income, and the city benefited from imports of cloth and wheat.<a href="#cite_note-bordeaux-port.fr-20">[20]</a> The belfry (Grosse Cloche) and <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_Cathedral" title="Bordeaux Cathedral">city cathedral St-André</a> were built, the latter in 1227, incorporating the artisan quarter of Saint-Paul.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Br%C3%A9tigny" title="Treaty of Brétigny">Treaty of Brétigny</a> it became briefly the capital of an independent state (1362–1372) under <a href="/wiki/Edward,_the_Black_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward, the Black Prince">Edward, the Black Prince</a>, but after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castillon" title="Battle of Castillon">Battle of Castillon</a> (1453) it was annexed by France. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="15th_century_to_17th_century">15th century to 17th century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 15th century to 17th century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 1462, Bordeaux created a local parliament. Bordeaux adhered to the <a href="/wiki/Fronde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fronde">Fronde</a>, being effectively annexed to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> only in 1653, when the army of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> entered the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century,_the_golden_era">18th century, the golden era</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 18th century, the golden era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deuxieme_vue_du_port_de_Bordeaux_prise_du_ch%C3%A2teau_Trompette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Deuxieme_vue_du_port_de_Bordeaux_prise_du_ch%C3%A2teau_Trompette.jpg/260px-Deuxieme_vue_du_port_de_Bordeaux_prise_du_ch%C3%A2teau_Trompette.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="882"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 164px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Deuxieme_vue_du_port_de_Bordeaux_prise_du_ch%C3%A2teau_Trompette.jpg/260px-Deuxieme_vue_du_port_de_Bordeaux_prise_du_ch%C3%A2teau_Trompette.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Deuxieme_vue_du_port_de_Bordeaux_prise_du_ch%C3%A2teau_Trompette.jpg/390px-Deuxieme_vue_du_port_de_Bordeaux_prise_du_ch%C3%A2teau_Trompette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Deuxieme_vue_du_port_de_Bordeaux_prise_du_ch%C3%A2teau_Trompette.jpg/520px-Deuxieme_vue_du_port_de_Bordeaux_prise_du_ch%C3%A2teau_Trompette.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Port_of_the_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of the Moon">Port of the Moon</a> in 1759</figcaption></figure> The 18th century saw another golden age of Bordeaux.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_the_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of the Moon">Port of the Moon</a> supplied the majority of Europe with coffee, cocoa, sugar, cotton and indigo, becoming France's busiest port and the second busiest port in the world after London.<a href="#cite_note-bordeaux-port.fr-20">[20]</a> Many downtown buildings (about 5,000), including those on the quays, are from this period. Bordeaux was also a major trading centre for slaves.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In total, the Bordeaux shipowners deported 150,000 Africans in some 500 expeditions.<a href="#cite_note-trading_and_slavery-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_Revolution:_political_disruption_and_loss_of_the_most_profitable_colony">French Revolution: political disruption and loss of the most profitable colony</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: French Revolution: political disruption and loss of the most profitable colony" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> At the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> (1789), many local revolutionaries were members of the <a href="/wiki/Girondists" class="mw-redirect" title="Girondists">Girondists</a>. This Party represented the provincial bourgeoisie, favorable towards abolishing aristocracy privileges, but opposed to the Revolution's social dimension. The Gironde valley's economic value and significance was satiated by the city's commercial power which was in dire contrast to the emerging widespread poverty affecting its inhabitants. Trade and commerce were the driving factors in the region's economic prosperity, still this resulted in a significant number of locals struggling to survive on a daily basis due to lack of food and resources. This socioeconomic disparity served as fertile ground for discontent, sparking frequent episodes of mass unrest well before the tumultuous events of 1783. [1] In 1793, the <a href="/wiki/Montagnard_(French_Revolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montagnard (French Revolution)">Montagnards</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Robespierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Robespierre">Robespierre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Marat</a> came to power. Fearing a bourgeois misappropriation of the Revolution, they executed a great number of Girondists. During the purge, the local Montagnard Section renamed the city of Bordeaux "Commune-Franklin" (Franklin-municipality) in homage to <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>. At the same time, in 1791, a <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">slave revolt</a> broke out at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a> (current <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>), the most profitable of the French colonies.In the lively era of the 18th century, Bordeaux emerged as a center of economic activity, particularly known at first for its successful wine trade. The city's placement along the Gironde River was very strategic, helping to facilitate the transportation of produce to markets both internationally and domestically, which led to an increase in exports and Bordeaux's economic prosperity. There was a significant transformation to the economic landscape of Bordeaux in 1785, which was spurred by the attraction of large profits, traders and merchants in Bordeaux began to turn their attention to the slave trade. This was a very important moment in the city's economic history seeing as it diversified its commercial expansion, at a serious moral cost. This introduced a new layer of difficulty to Bordeaux's economic activities. Even though it brought along significant wealth to certain segments of society, it complicated the socio-economic inconsistencies within the region. The entry into the slave trade brought even more tension within Bordeaux society. The trade exacerbated the divide between an elite with growing wealth and those living in poverty. This economic divide laid out the foundation for the mass unrest that would break out in the French Revolution. [2] Three years later, the Montagnard Convention abolished slavery. In 1802, Napoleon revoked the manumission law but lost the war against the army of former slaves. In 1804, Haiti became independent. The loss of this "Pearl" of the West Indies generated the collapse of Bordeaux's port economy, which was dependent on the colonial trade and trade in slaves. Towards the end of the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a> of 1814, the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Wellington" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a> sent <a href="/wiki/William_Beresford,_1st_Viscount_Beresford" title="William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford">William Beresford</a> with two divisions and seized Bordeaux, encountering little resistance. Bordeaux was largely anti-<a href="/wiki/Bonapartist" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonapartist">Bonapartist</a> and the majority supported the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbons</a>. The British troops were treated as liberators. Distinguished historian of the French revolution Suzanne Desan explains that "examining intricate local dynamics" is essential to studying the Revolution by region. [3] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century,_rebirth_of_the_economy">19th century, rebirth of the economy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 19th century, rebirth of the economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugo_d%27Alesi,_vue_cavali%C3%A8re_de_Bordeaux,_1899,_Archives_de_Bordeaux_m%C3%A9tropole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hugo_d%27Alesi%2C_vue_cavali%C3%A8re_de_Bordeaux%2C_1899%2C_Archives_de_Bordeaux_m%C3%A9tropole.jpg/260px-Hugo_d%27Alesi%2C_vue_cavali%C3%A8re_de_Bordeaux%2C_1899%2C_Archives_de_Bordeaux_m%C3%A9tropole.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2566" data-file-height="1607"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hugo_d%27Alesi%2C_vue_cavali%C3%A8re_de_Bordeaux%2C_1899%2C_Archives_de_Bordeaux_m%C3%A9tropole.jpg/260px-Hugo_d%27Alesi%2C_vue_cavali%C3%A8re_de_Bordeaux%2C_1899%2C_Archives_de_Bordeaux_m%C3%A9tropole.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hugo_d%27Alesi%2C_vue_cavali%C3%A8re_de_Bordeaux%2C_1899%2C_Archives_de_Bordeaux_m%C3%A9tropole.jpg/390px-Hugo_d%27Alesi%2C_vue_cavali%C3%A8re_de_Bordeaux%2C_1899%2C_Archives_de_Bordeaux_m%C3%A9tropole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hugo_d%27Alesi%2C_vue_cavali%C3%A8re_de_Bordeaux%2C_1899%2C_Archives_de_Bordeaux_m%C3%A9tropole.jpg/520px-Hugo_d%27Alesi%2C_vue_cavali%C3%A8re_de_Bordeaux%2C_1899%2C_Archives_de_Bordeaux_m%C3%A9tropole.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Aerial view of the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_the_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of the Moon">Port of the Moon</a> in 1899</figcaption></figure> From the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a>, the economy of Bordeaux was rebuilt by traders and shipowners. They engaged to construct the first bridge of Bordeaux, and customs warehouses. The shipping traffic grew through the new <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">African colonies</a>. <a href="/wiki/Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann" title="Georges-Eugène Haussmann">Georges-Eugène Haussmann</a>, a longtime prefect of Bordeaux, used Bordeaux's 18th-century large-scale rebuilding as a model when he was asked by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon III of France">Napoleon III</a> to transform the quasi-medieval Paris into a "modern" capital that would make France proud. <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> found the town so beautiful he said: "Take <a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a>, add <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, and you have Bordeaux". In 1870, at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Prussian war">Franco-Prussian war</a> against <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a>, the French government temporarily relocated to Bordeaux from Paris.<a href="#cite_note-britannica-18">[18]</a> That recurred during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and again very briefly during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, when it became clear that Paris would fall into German hands. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 20th century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-074-2852-36A,_Bordeaux,_Platzkonzert_der_Wehrmacht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-074-2852-36A%2C_Bordeaux%2C_Platzkonzert_der_Wehrmacht.jpg/260px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-074-2852-36A%2C_Bordeaux%2C_Platzkonzert_der_Wehrmacht.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="543"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-074-2852-36A%2C_Bordeaux%2C_Platzkonzert_der_Wehrmacht.jpg/260px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-074-2852-36A%2C_Bordeaux%2C_Platzkonzert_der_Wehrmacht.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-074-2852-36A%2C_Bordeaux%2C_Platzkonzert_der_Wehrmacht.jpg/390px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-074-2852-36A%2C_Bordeaux%2C_Platzkonzert_der_Wehrmacht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-074-2852-36A%2C_Bordeaux%2C_Platzkonzert_der_Wehrmacht.jpg/520px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-074-2852-36A%2C_Bordeaux%2C_Platzkonzert_der_Wehrmacht.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Place de la Comédie during the <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">German occupation</a></figcaption></figure> During World War II, Bordeaux fell under <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">German occupation</a>. In May and June 1940, Bordeaux was the site of the life-saving actions of the Portuguese consul-general, <a href="/wiki/Aristides_de_Sousa_Mendes" title="Aristides de Sousa Mendes">Aristides de Sousa Mendes</a>, who illegally granted thousands of Portuguese visas, which were needed to pass the Spanish border, to refugees fleeing the German occupation. From 1941 to 1943, the <a href="/wiki/Regia_Marina" title="Regia Marina">Italian Royal Navy</a> established <a href="/wiki/BETASOM" title="BETASOM">BETASOM</a>, a submarine base at Bordeaux. Italian submarines participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a> from that base, which was also a major base for German <a href="/wiki/U-boats" class="mw-redirect" title="U-boats">U-boats</a> as headquarters of <a href="/wiki/12th_U-boat_Flotilla" title="12th U-boat Flotilla">12th U-boat Flotilla</a>. The massive, reinforced concrete U-boat pens have proved impractical to demolish and are now partly used as a cultural center for exhibitions.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century,_listed_as_World_heritage">21st century, listed as World heritage</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 21st century, listed as World heritage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 2007, 40% of the city surface area, located around the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_the_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of the Moon">Port of the Moon</a>, was listed as <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> inscribed Bordeaux as "an inhabited historic city, an outstanding urban and architectural ensemble, created in the age of the Enlightenment, whose values continued up to the first half of the 20th century, with more protected buildings than any other French city except Paris".<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bordeaux" title="Special:EditPage/Bordeaux">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (June 2020) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_(France)_-_50524304173.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bordeaux_%28France%29_-_50524304173.jpg/220px-Bordeaux_%28France%29_-_50524304173.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bordeaux_%28France%29_-_50524304173.jpg/220px-Bordeaux_%28France%29_-_50524304173.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bordeaux_%28France%29_-_50524304173.jpg/330px-Bordeaux_%28France%29_-_50524304173.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bordeaux_%28France%29_-_50524304173.jpg/440px-Bordeaux_%28France%29_-_50524304173.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Aerial view of the <a href="/wiki/Garonne" title="Garonne">Garonne</a> in Bordeaux in 2019</figcaption></figure> Bordeaux is located close to the European <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> coast, in the southwest of France and in the north of the Aquitaine region. It is around 500 km (310 mi) southwest of Paris. The city is built on a bend of the <a href="/wiki/Garonne" title="Garonne">river Garonne</a>, and is divided into two parts: the right bank to the east and left bank in the west. Historically the left bank is more developed because when flowing outside the bend, the water makes a furrow of the required depth to allow the passing of merchant ships, which used to offload on this side of the river. But, today, the right bank is developing, including new urban projects. In Bordeaux, the Garonne River is accessible to <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">ocean liners</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Gironde_estuary" title="Gironde estuary">Gironde estuary</a>. The right bank of the Garonne is a low-lying, often marshy plain. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Bordeaux's climate can be classified as <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Cfb), bordering on a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (Cfa).<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Trewartha_climate_classification" title="Trewartha climate classification">Trewartha climate classification</a> system classifies the city as solely humid subtropical, due to a recent rise in temperatures related – to some degree or another – to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and the city's <a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island" title="Urban heat island">urban heat island</a>. The city enjoys cool to mild, wet winters, due to its relatively southerly <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a>, and the prevalence of mild, westerly winds from the Atlantic. Its summers are warm and somewhat drier, although wet enough to avoid a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a> classification. Frosts occur annually, but snowfall is quite infrequent, occurring for no more than 3–4 days a year. The <a href="/wiki/2003_European_heat_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 European heat wave">summer of 2003</a> set a record with an average temperature of 23.3 °C (73.9 °F),<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> while February 1956 was the coldest month on record with an average temperature of −2.00 °C at Bordeaux Mérignac-Airport.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bordeaux (<a href="/wiki/Bordeaux%E2%80%93M%C3%A9rignac_Airport" title="Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport">BOD</a>), elevation: 47 m (154 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1920–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8 (69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2 (79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7 (81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1 (88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4 (95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.5 (104.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.2 (106.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.7 (105.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0 (98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2 (90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7 (80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.2 (106.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5 (59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0 (64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7 (71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1 (80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6 (81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6 (67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1 (57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 (51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.9 (66.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 (46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 (51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0 (55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6 (61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7 (71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9 (71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8 (65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2 (59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 (50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 (45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.2 (57.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 (38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 (42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 (46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 (52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6 (58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3 (61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3 (55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 (51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 (44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 (39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.6 (49.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.4 (2.5) </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.8 (5.4) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.9 (14.2) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.3 (22.5) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8 (28.8) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 (36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 (41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 (40.5) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8 (28.8) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.3 (22.5) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.3 (18.9) </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.4 (7.9) </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−16.4 (2.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.9 (3.42) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.9 (2.63) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.3 (2.49) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.6 (2.98) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.1 (2.80) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.4 (2.77) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.6 (1.91) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.7 (2.23) </td> <td style="background: #81FF81; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.2 (3.20) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.3 (3.28) </td> <td style="background: #4EFF4E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.5 (4.51) </td> <td style="background: #60FF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.4 (4.19) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">924.9 (36.41) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">122.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #A4A4A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.8 </td> <td style="background: #BABA47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.4 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.2 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.8 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">237.7 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">256.0 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248.8 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.8 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150.3 </td> <td style="background: #AEAE8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">100.0 </td> <td style="background: #999999; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.1 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,069.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Meteo_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteo France">Meteo France</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bordeaux (<a href="/wiki/Bordeaux%E2%80%93M%C3%A9rignac_Airport" title="Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport">Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport</a>), elevation: 47 m or 154 ft, 1961–1990 normals and extremes </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7 (81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6 (83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6 (90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0 (98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.8 (101.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3 (100.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0 (98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5 (88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7 (76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1200; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.8 (101.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3 (61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1 (62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5 (67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3 (77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3 (84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2 (84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4 (84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0 (80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.4 (84.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 (49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4 (56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4 (66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9 (78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5 (77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0 (75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3 (66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2 (55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 (43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 (47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2 (57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7 (63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2 (68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6 (67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9 (64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3 (57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 (48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 (43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.8 (55.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 (36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 (39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 (43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 (48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4 (54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3 (57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 (48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 (40.5) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 (37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.0 (46.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.1 (26.4) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8 (28.8) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1 (31.8) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 (38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 (46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 (48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4 (54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 (48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 (41.5) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 (35.6) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4 (31.3) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3.1 (26.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.4 (2.5) </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.2 (8.2) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.9 (14.2) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0 (26.6) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5 (31.1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 (39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 (44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 (42.8) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 (36.0) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7 (28.9) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.3 (18.9) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.0 (8.6) </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−16.4 (2.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.4 (3.64) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.9 (3.42) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.0 (2.91) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.4 (2.73) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.4 (2.65) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.3 (2.02) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.2 (1.62) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.3 (1.78) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.0 (2.83) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.8 (2.67) </td> <td style="background: #6AFF6A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.7 (3.81) </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.7 (3.14) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">844.1 (33.22) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">125.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #9D9D9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.3 </td> <td style="background: #B6B661; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108.8 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">161.9 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.6 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211.1 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">242.2 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">276.3 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248.7 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207.1 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.4 </td> <td style="background: #B0B084; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.2 </td> <td style="background: #979797; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.0 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,083.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 </td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><a href="#cite_note-noaa-31">[31]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity)<a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-32">[32]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Bordeaux is a major centre for business in France as it has the sixth largest metropolitan population in France. It serves as a major regional center for trade, administration, services and industry. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wine">Wine</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Wine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_wine" title="Bordeaux wine">Bordeaux wine</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haut_Brion_exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Haut_Brion_exterior.jpg/250px-Haut_Brion_exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 175px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Haut_Brion_exterior.jpg/250px-Haut_Brion_exterior.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="175" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Haut_Brion_exterior.jpg/375px-Haut_Brion_exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Haut_Brion_exterior.jpg/500px-Haut_Brion_exterior.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Haut-Brion" title="Château Haut-Brion">Château Haut-Brion</a></figcaption></figure> The vine was introduced to the Bordeaux region by the Romans, probably in the mid-first century, to provide wine for local consumption, and wine production has been continuous in the region since.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Saint-%C3%89milion_aerial_pano_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1_Saint-%C3%89milion_aerial_pano_2016.jpg/250px-1_Saint-%C3%89milion_aerial_pano_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6772" data-file-height="3616"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1_Saint-%C3%89milion_aerial_pano_2016.jpg/250px-1_Saint-%C3%89milion_aerial_pano_2016.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1_Saint-%C3%89milion_aerial_pano_2016.jpg/375px-1_Saint-%C3%89milion_aerial_pano_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1_Saint-%C3%89milion_aerial_pano_2016.jpg/500px-1_Saint-%C3%89milion_aerial_pano_2016.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89milion" title="Saint-Émilion">Saint-Émilion</a> aerial view</figcaption></figure> Bordeaux wine growing area has about 116,160 hectares (287,000 acres) of <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyards</a>, 57 <a href="/wiki/Appellations" class="mw-redirect" title="Appellations">appellations</a>, 10,000 wine-producing estates (châteaux) and 13,000 grape growers. With an annual production of approximately 960 million bottles,<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> the Bordeaux area produces large quantities of everyday wine as well as some of the most expensive wines in the world. Included among the latter are the area's five premier cru (<a href="/wiki/First_Growth" title="First Growth">First Growth</a>) red wines (four from <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9doc" title="Médoc">Médoc</a> and one, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Haut-Brion" title="Château Haut-Brion">Château Haut-Brion</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Graves_(wine_region)" title="Graves (wine region)">Graves</a>), established by the <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_Wine_Official_Classification_of_1855" title="Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855">Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855</a>: Both red and white wines are made in the Bordeaux region. Red Bordeaux wine is called <a href="/wiki/Claret" class="mw-redirect" title="Claret">claret</a> in the United Kingdom. Red wines are generally made from a blend of grapes, and may be made from <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Franc" title="Cabernet Franc">Cabernet Franc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petit_verdot" class="mw-redirect" title="Petit verdot">Petit verdot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malbec" title="Malbec">Malbec</a>, and, less commonly in recent years, <a href="/wiki/Carm%C3%A9n%C3%A8re" title="Carménère">Carménère</a>. White Bordeaux is made from <a href="/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9millon" title="Sémillon">Sémillon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muscadelle" title="Muscadelle">Muscadelle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Graves_(wine_region)" title="Graves (wine region)">Sauternes</a> is a sub-region of Graves known for its intensely sweet, white, <a href="/wiki/Dessert_wine" title="Dessert wine">dessert wines</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Yquem" title="Château d'Yquem">Château d'Yquem</a>. Because of a wine glut (<a href="/wiki/Wine_lake" title="Wine lake">wine lake</a>) in the generic production, the price squeeze induced by an increasingly strong international competition, and <a href="/wiki/Vine_pull_schemes" title="Vine pull schemes">vine pull schemes</a>, the number of growers has recently dropped from 14,000 and the area under vine has also decreased significantly. In the meantime, the global demand for first growths and the most famous labels markedly increased and their prices skyrocketed.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_du_Vin" title="Cité du Vin">Cité du Vin</a>, a museum as well as a place of exhibitions, shows, movie projections and academic seminars on the theme of wine opened its doors in June 2016.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Others" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Laser_M%C3%A9gajoule" title="Laser Mégajoule">Laser Mégajoule</a> will be one of the most powerful lasers in the world, allowing <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">fundamental research</a> and the development of the <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(physics)" title="Plasma (physics)">plasma</a> technologies. Some 15,000 people work for the aeronautic industry in Bordeaux.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The city has some of the biggest companies including <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Aviation" title="Dassault Aviation">Dassault</a>, <a href="/wiki/EADS_Sogerma" class="mw-redirect" title="EADS Sogerma">EADS Sogerma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snecma" class="mw-redirect" title="Snecma">Snecma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thales_Group" title="Thales Group">Thales</a>, SNPE, and others. The <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Aviation" title="Dassault Aviation">Dassault Falcon</a> private jets are built there as well as the <a href="/wiki/Military_aircraft" title="Military aircraft">military aircraft</a> <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Rafale" title="Dassault Rafale">Rafale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_2000" title="Dassault Mirage 2000">Mirage 2000</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A380" title="Airbus A380">Airbus A380</a> <a href="/wiki/Cockpit" title="Cockpit">cockpit</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Booster_(rocketry)" title="Booster (rocketry)">boosters</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">Ariane 5</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/M51_(missile)" title="M51 (missile)">M51 SLBM</a> <a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">missile</a>. Tourism, especially <a href="/wiki/Wine_tourism" title="Wine tourism">wine tourism</a>, is a major industry. Globelink.co.uk mentioned Bordeaux as the best tourist destination in Europe in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gourmet_Touring" title="Gourmet Touring">Gourmet Touring</a> is a tourism company operating in the Bordeaux wine region. Access to the <a href="/wiki/Port_de_la_Lune" title="Port de la Lune">port</a> from the Atlantic is via the <a href="/wiki/Gironde_estuary" title="Gironde estuary">Gironde estuary</a>. Almost nine million tonnes of goods arrive and leave each year.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_companies">Major companies</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Major companies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> This list includes indigenous Bordeaux-based companies and companies that have major presence in Bordeaux, but are not necessarily headquartered there. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dassault_Falcon_7X_assembly_line_at_Merignac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Dassault_Falcon_7X_assembly_line_at_Merignac.jpg/250px-Dassault_Falcon_7X_assembly_line_at_Merignac.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="850"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 177px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Dassault_Falcon_7X_assembly_line_at_Merignac.jpg/250px-Dassault_Falcon_7X_assembly_line_at_Merignac.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="177" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Dassault_Falcon_7X_assembly_line_at_Merignac.jpg/375px-Dassault_Falcon_7X_assembly_line_at_Merignac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Dassault_Falcon_7X_assembly_line_at_Merignac.jpg/500px-Dassault_Falcon_7X_assembly_line_at_Merignac.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Dassault Falcon 7X assembly line at Merignac</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(swimwear)" title="Arena (swimwear)">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groupe_Bernard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groupe Bernard (page does not exist)">Groupe Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_Castel" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe Castel">Groupe Castel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cdiscount" title="Cdiscount">Cdiscount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Group" title="Dassault Group">Dassault</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jock_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jock (company) (page does not exist)">Jock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Brizard_et_Roger_International" title="Marie Brizard et Roger International">Marie Brizard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKesson_Corporation" title="McKesson Corporation">McKesson Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxbow_(surfwear)" title="Oxbow (surfwear)">Oxbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pernod_Ricard" title="Pernod Ricard">Ricard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi-Aventis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanofi-Aventis">Sanofi Aventis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smurfit_Kappa" class="mw-redirect" title="Smurfit Kappa">Smurfit Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snecma" class="mw-redirect" title="Snecma">Snecma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solectron" title="Solectron">Solectron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thales_Group" title="Thales Group">Thales Group</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Population" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <table class="infobox" style="float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2">Largest groups of immigrants<a href="#cite_note-40">[a]</a> living in the Bordeaux metropolitan area </td></tr> <tr> <th>Country of birth</th> <th>Population (2019)<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>15,551 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>15,207 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></td> <td>10,006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>7,756 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>4,231 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td>2,875 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>2,683 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></td> <td>2,373 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>2,197 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></td> <td>1,784 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></td> <td>1,759 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>1,724 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>1,603 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Côte d'Ivoire</a></td> <td>1,589 </td></tr></tbody></table> In January 2020, there were 259,809 inhabitants in the city proper (commune) of Bordeaux.<a href="#cite_note-population-8">[8]</a> The commune (including Caudéran which was annexed by Bordeaux in 1965)<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> had its largest population of 284,494 at the 1954 census.<a href="#cite_note-population-8">[8]</a> The majority of the population is French, but there are sizable groups of Italians, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spaniards</a> (Up to 20% of the Bordeaux population claim some degree of Spanish heritage), <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> The built-up area has grown for more than a century beyond the municipal borders of Bordeaux due to the small size of the commune (49 km2 (19 sq mi)) and <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>. By January 2020 there were 1,376,375 people living in the overall 6,316 km2 (2,439 sq mi) metropolitan area (aire d'attraction) of Bordeaux,<a href="#cite_note-AAV_pop-7">[7]</a> only a fifth of whom lived in the city proper. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population of Bordeaux (commune) (incl. Caudéran annexed in 1965)</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">107,198</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">— </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">93,570</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.92%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">94,214</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.11%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">91,161</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.22%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">101,965</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">101,769</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.04%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">108,176</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">129,217</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">135,308</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.93%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">154,394</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.81%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">168,422</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.73%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">198,112</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.30%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">199,174</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.09%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">220,446</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">227,736</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.63%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">248,545</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.94%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">261,085</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.02%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">267,369</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.48%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">268,186</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">264,835</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">275,468</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.79%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">283,394</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">273,840</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.68%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">283,374</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.69%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">281,338</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.14%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">279,128</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.08%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">284,494</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">278,403</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">266,662</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.72%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">223,131</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−2.53%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">208,159</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.98%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">210,336</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">215,363</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.26%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2009 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">236,725</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.97%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2014 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">246,586</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.82%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">259,809</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.87%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<a href="#cite_note-ehess-44">[43]</a> and INSEE<a href="#cite_note-population-8">[8]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_administration">Municipal administration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Municipal administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Hurmic_en_conseil_municipal_en_f%C3%A9vrier_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pierre_Hurmic_en_conseil_municipal_en_f%C3%A9vrier_2018.png/200px-Pierre_Hurmic_en_conseil_municipal_en_f%C3%A9vrier_2018.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="235" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="322"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 235px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pierre_Hurmic_en_conseil_municipal_en_f%C3%A9vrier_2018.png/200px-Pierre_Hurmic_en_conseil_municipal_en_f%C3%A9vrier_2018.png" data-width="200" data-height="235" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Pierre_Hurmic_en_conseil_municipal_en_f%C3%A9vrier_2018.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The current mayor <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Hurmic" title="Pierre Hurmic">Pierre Hurmic</a></figcaption></figure> The Mayor of the city is the environmentalist <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Hurmic" title="Pierre Hurmic">Pierre Hurmic</a>. Bordeaux is the capital of five cantons and the Prefecture of the <a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>. The town is divided into three districts, the first three of Gironde. The headquarters of Urban Community of Bordeaux Mériadeck is located in the neighbourhood and the city is at the head of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry that bears his name. The number of inhabitants of Bordeaux is greater than 250,000 and less than 299,999 so the number of municipal councilors is 65.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> They are divided according to the following composition: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Party</th> <th>Political line</th> <th>President</th> <th>Seats</th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">EELV</a> – <a href="/wiki/Parti_socialiste_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti socialiste (France)">PS</a> – <a href="/wiki/Parti_communiste_fran%C3%A7ais" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti communiste français">PCF</a> – <a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_the_Left" title="Radical Party of the Left">PRG</a> – <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration.s" title="Génération.s">G.s</a> – <a href="/wiki/New_Deal_(France)" title="New Deal (France)">ND</a> – <a href="/wiki/Place_Publique" title="Place Publique">PP</a></td> <td>Ecologist and left</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Hurmic" title="Pierre Hurmic">Pierre Hurmic</a></td> <td>48</td> <td>majority </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a> – <a href="/wiki/Radical_Movement" title="Radical Movement">MR</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mouvement_d%C3%A9mocrate_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement démocrate (France)">Modem</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agir_(France)" title="Agir (France)">Agir</a> – <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_and_Independents" title="Union of Democrats and Independents">UDI</a> – <a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">LREM</a></td> <td>Right and centre-right</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Florian" title="Nicolas Florian">Nicolas Florian</a></td> <td>14</td> <td>opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Anticapitalist_Party" title="New Anticapitalist Party">NPA</a> – <a href="/wiki/La_France_Insoumise" title="La France Insoumise">LFI</a> – <a href="/wiki/Left_Party_(France)" title="Left Party (France)">PG</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensemble!" title="Ensemble!">E !</a></td> <td>Anticapitalist left</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Poutou" title="Philippe Poutou">Philippe Poutou</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>opposition </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayors_of_Bordeaux">Mayors of Bordeaux</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Mayors of Bordeaux" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Since the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Liberation</a> (1944), there have been six mayors of Bordeaux: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor</a> </th> <th>Term start </th> <th>Term end </th> <th class="unsortable"> </th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fernand_Audeguil" title="Jean-Fernand Audeguil">Fernand Audeguil</a> </td> <td align="center">August 1944 </td> <td align="center">19 October 1947 </td> <td style="color:inherit;background:#F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International" title="French Section of the Workers' International">SFIO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chaban-Delmas" title="Jacques Chaban-Delmas">Jacques Chaban-Delmas</a> </td> <td align="center">19 October 1947 </td> <td align="center">19 June 1995 </td> <td style="color:inherit;background:#08206F"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">RPR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a> </td> <td align="center">19 June 1995 </td> <td align="center">13 December 2004 </td> <td style="color:inherit;background:#08206F"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">RPR</a> / <a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugues_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugues Martin (page does not exist)">Hugues Martin</a> </td> <td align="center">13 December 2004 </td> <td align="center">8 October 2006 </td> <td style="color:inherit;background:#0051AE"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a> </td> <td align="center">8 October 2006 </td> <td align="center">7 March 2019 </td> <td style="color:inherit;background:#0051AE"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a> / <a href="/wiki/Les_Republicains" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Republicains">LR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Florian" title="Nicolas Florian">Nicolas Florian</a> </td> <td align="center">7 March 2019 </td> <td align="center">3 July 2020 </td> <td style="color:inherit;background:#0043B0"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Les_Republicains" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Republicains">LR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Hurmic" title="Pierre Hurmic">Pierre Hurmic</a> </td> <td align="center">3 July 2020 </td> <td align="center">Incumbent </td> <td style="color:inherit;background:#79b41d"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">EELV</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">RPR</a> was renamed to <a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a> in 2002 which was later renamed to <a href="/wiki/Les_R%C3%A9publicains" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Républicains">LR</a> in 2015.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Presidential_elections_of_2007">Presidential elections of 2007</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Presidential elections of 2007" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> At the 2007 presidential election, the Bordelais gave 31.37% of their votes to <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gol%C3%A8ne_Royal" title="Ségolène Royal">Ségolène Royal</a> of the Socialist Party against 30.84% to <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>, president of the UMP. Then came <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">François Bayrou</a> with 22.01%, followed by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a> who recorded 5.42%. None of the other candidates exceeded the 5% mark. Nationally, Nicolas Sarkozy led with 31.18%, then Ségolène Royal with 25.87%, followed by François Bayrou with 18.57%. After these came Jean-Marie Le Pen with 10.44%, none of the other candidates exceeded the 5% mark. In the second round, the city of Bordeaux gave Ségolène Royal 52.44% against 47.56% for Nicolas Sarkozy, the latter being elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic" title="President of the Republic">President of the Republic</a> with 53.06% against 46.94% for Ségolène Royal. The abstention rates for Bordeaux were 14.52% in the first round and 15.90% in the second round. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parliamentary_elections_of_2007">Parliamentary elections of 2007</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Parliamentary elections of 2007" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the parliamentary elections of 2007, the left won eight constituencies against only three for the right. After the partial 2008 elections, the eighth district of Gironde switched to the left, bringing the count to nine. In Bordeaux, the left was for the first time in its history the majority as it held two of three constituencies following the elections. In the first division of the Gironde, the outgoing UMP MP <a href="/wiki/Chantal_Bourragu%C3%A9" title="Chantal Bourragué">Chantal Bourragué</a> was well ahead with 44.81% against 25.39% for the Socialist candidate <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9atrice_Desaigues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Béatrice Desaigues (page does not exist)">Béatrice Desaigues</a>. In the second round, it was <a href="/wiki/Chantal_Bourragu%C3%A9" title="Chantal Bourragué">Chantal Bourragué</a> who was re-elected with 54.45% against 45.55% for his socialist opponent. In the second district of Gironde the UMP mayor and all new Minister of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and the Sea <a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a> confronted the General Counsel PS Michèle Delaunay. In the first round, Alain Juppé was well ahead with 43.73% against 31.36% for <a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Delaunay" title="Michèle Delaunay">Michèle Delaunay</a>. In the second round, it was finally Michèle Delaunay who won the election with 50.93% of the votes against 49.07% for Alain Juppé, the margin being only 670 votes. The defeat of the so-called constituency "Mayor" showed that Bordeaux was rocking increasingly left. Finally, in the third constituency of the Gironde, Noël Mamère was well ahead with 39.82% against 28.42% for the UMP candidate Elizabeth Vine. In the second round, Noël Mamère was re-elected with 62.82% against 37.18% for his right-wing rival. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Municipal_elections_of_2008">Municipal elections of 2008</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Municipal elections of 2008" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 2008 municipal elections saw the clash between mayor of Bordeaux, Alain Juppé and the President of the Regional Council of Aquitaine Socialist <a href="/wiki/Alain_Rousset" title="Alain Rousset">Alain Rousset</a>. The PS had put up a Socialist heavyweight in the Gironde and had put great hopes in this election after the victory of Ségolène Royal and <a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Delaunay" title="Michèle Delaunay">Michèle Delaunay</a> in 2007. However, after a rather exciting campaign it was Alain Juppé who was widely elected in the first round with 56.62 percent, far ahead of Alain Rousset who garnered 34.14 percent of the vote. At present, of the eight cantons that has Bordeaux, five are held by the PS and three by the UMP, the left eating a little each time into the right's numbers. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_elections_of_2009">European elections of 2009</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: European elections of 2009" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the European elections of 2009, Bordeaux voters largely voted for the UMP candidate Dominique Baudis, who won 31.54% against 15.00% for PS candidate Kader Arif. The candidate of Europe Ecology José Bové came second with 22.34%. None of the other candidates reached the 10% mark. The 2009 European elections were like the previous ones in eight constituencies. Bordeaux is located in the district "Southwest", here are the results: UMP candidate Dominique Baudis: 26.89%. His party gained four seats. PS candidate Kader Arif: 17.79%, gaining two seats in the European Parliament. Europe Ecology candidate Bove: 15.83%, obtaining two seats. MoDem candidate Robert Rochefort: 8.61%, winning a seat. Left Front candidate Jean-Luc Mélenchon: 8.16%, gaining the last seat. At regional elections in 2010, the Socialist incumbent president Alain Rousset won the first round by totaling 35.19% in Bordeaux, but this score was lower than the plan for Gironde and Aquitaine. Xavier Darcos, Minister of Labour followed with 28.40% of the votes, scoring above the regional and departmental average. Then came Monique De Marco, Green candidate with 13.40%, followed by the member of Pyrenees-Atlantiques and candidate of the MoDem Jean Lassalle who registered a low 6.78% while qualifying to the second round on the whole Aquitaine, closely followed by Jacques Colombier, candidate of the National Front, who gained 6.48%. Finally the candidate of the Left Front Gérard Boulanger with 5.64%, no other candidate above the 5% mark. In the second round, Alain Rousset had a tidal wave win as national totals rose to 55.83%. If Xavier Darcos largely lost the election, he nevertheless achieved a score above the regional and departmental average obtaining 33.40%. Jean Lassalle, who qualified for the second round, passed the 10% mark by totaling 10.77%. The ballot was marked by abstention amounting to 55.51% in the first round and 53.59% in the second round. Only candidates obtaining more than 5% are listed <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>2007 Presidential Election<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Candidate</th> <th colspan="2">1st round</th> <th colspan="2">2nd round </th></tr> <tr> <th>Bordeaux</th> <th>National </th> <th>Bordeaux</th> <th>National </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a></td> <td>30.84%</td> <td>31.18%</td> <td>47.56%</td> <td>53.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gol%C3%A8ne_Royal" title="Ségolène Royal">Ségolène Royal</a></td> <td>31.37%</td> <td>25.87%</td> <td>52.44%</td> <td>46.94% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">François Bayrou</a></td> <td>22.01%</td> <td>18.57%</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a></td> <td>5.42%</td> <td>10.44%</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Total votes</td> <td>85.48%</td> <td>83.77%</td> <td>84.10%</td> <td>83.97% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>2012 Presidential Election<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Candidate</th> <th colspan="2">1st round</th> <th colspan="2">2nd round </th></tr> <tr> <th>Bordeaux</th> <th>National </th> <th>Bordeaux</th> <th>National </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a></td> <td>33.05%</td> <td>28.63%</td> <td>57.18%</td> <td>51.64% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a></td> <td>28.68%</td> <td>27.18%</td> <td>42.82%</td> <td>48.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a></td> <td>12.16%</td> <td>11.10%</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">François Bayrou</a></td> <td>10.91%</td> <td>9.13%</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a></td> <td>8.22%</td> <td>17.90%</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Total votes</td> <td>79.25%</td> <td>79.48%</td> <td>80.44%</td> <td>80.35% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2017_elections">2017 elections</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: 2017 elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Bordeaux voted for <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">presidential election</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_legislative_election" title="2017 French legislative election">2017 parliamentary election</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">La République En Marche!</a> won most of the constituencies in Bordeaux. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019_European_elections">2019 European elections</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 2019 European elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Bordeaux voted in the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2019 European Parliament election in France">2019 European Parliament election in France</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Municipal_elections_of_2020">Municipal elections of 2020</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Municipal elections of 2020" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> After 73 years of right-of-centre rule, the ecologist Pierre Hurmic (<a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">EELV</a>) came in ahead of Nicolas Florian (<a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a>/<a href="/wiki/LaREM" class="mw-redirect" title="LaREM">LaREM</a>).<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_representation">Parliamentary representation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Parliamentary representation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The city area is represented by the following <a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_National_Assembly_of_France" title="List of constituencies of the National Assembly of France">constituencies</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gironde%27s_1st_constituency" title="Gironde's 1st constituency">Gironde's 1st</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gironde%27s_2nd_constituency" title="Gironde's 2nd constituency">Gironde's 2nd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gironde%27s_3rd_constituency" title="Gironde's 3rd constituency">Gironde's 3rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gironde%27s_4th_constituency" title="Gironde's 4th constituency">Gironde's 4th</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gironde%27s_5th_constituency" title="Gironde's 5th constituency">Gironde's 5th</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gironde%27s_6th_constituency" title="Gironde's 6th constituency">Gironde's 6th</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gironde%27s_7th_constituency" title="Gironde's 7th constituency">Gironde's 7th</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University">University</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: University" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bordeaux" title="University of Bordeaux">University of Bordeaux</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universite_Bordeaux_2-Victoire.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Universite_Bordeaux_2-Victoire.JPG/250px-Universite_Bordeaux_2-Victoire.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Universite_Bordeaux_2-Victoire.JPG/250px-Universite_Bordeaux_2-Victoire.JPG" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Universite_Bordeaux_2-Victoire.JPG/375px-Universite_Bordeaux_2-Victoire.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Universite_Bordeaux_2-Victoire.JPG/500px-Universite_Bordeaux_2-Victoire.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>University Bordeaux 2, former faculty of medicine, now faculty of sociology</figcaption></figure> During Antiquity, a first university had been created by the Romans in 286.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> The city was an important administrative centre and the new university had to train administrators. Only <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetoric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a> were taught. <a href="/wiki/Ausonius" title="Ausonius">Ausonius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sulpicius_Severus" title="Sulpicius Severus">Sulpicius Severus</a> were two of the teachers. In 1441, when Bordeaux was an English town, the <a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_IV" title="Pope Eugene IV">Pope Eugene IV</a> created a university by demand of the archbishop <a href="/wiki/Pey_Berland" title="Pey Berland">Pey Berland</a>. In 1793, during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> abolished the university, and replace them with the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_centrale" title="École centrale">École centrale</a> in 1796. In Bordeaux, this one was located in the former buildings of the college of Guyenne. In 1808, the university reappeared with <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>. Bordeaux accommodates approximately 70,000 students on one of the largest campuses of Europe (235 ha).<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Schools" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Bordeaux has numerous public and private schools offering undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Engineering schools: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_et_M%C3%A9tiers_ParisTech" title="Arts et Métiers ParisTech">Arts et Métiers ParisTech</a>, graduate school of industrial and mechanical engineering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESME-Sudria" title="ESME-Sudria">ESME-Sudria</a>, graduate school of engineering</li> <li>École nationale supérieure d'électronique, informatique, télécommunications, mathématique et mécanique de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB-MATMECA)</li> <li>École supérieure de technologie des biomolécules de Bordeaux</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_sciences_agronomiques_de_Bordeaux_Aquitaine" title="École nationale supérieure des sciences agronomiques de Bordeaux Aquitaine">École nationale supérieure des sciences agronomiques de Bordeaux Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_chimie_et_de_physique_de_Bordeaux" class="mw-redirect" title="École nationale supérieure de chimie et de physique de Bordeaux">École nationale supérieure de chimie et physique de Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_pour_l%27informatique_et_les_nouvelles_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies">École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies</a></li> <li>Institut des sciences et techniques des aliments de Bordeaux</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_cognitique" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut de cognitique">Institut de cognitique</a></li> <li>École supérieure d'informatique</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPSI" title="EPSI">École privée des sciences informatiques</a></li></ul> Business and management schools: <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/250px-Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1120"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 137px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/250px-Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/375px-Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/500px-Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/KEDGE_Business_School" title="KEDGE Business School">KEDGE Business School</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The Bordeaux MBA (International College of Bordeaux)</li> <li>IUT Techniques de Commercialisation of Bordeaux (business school)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSEEC" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEEC">INSEEC</a> Business School (<a href="/wiki/Institut_des_hautes_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques_et_commerciales" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut des hautes études économiques et commerciales">Institut des hautes études économiques et commerciales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEDGE_Business_School" title="KEDGE Business School">KEDGE Business School</a> (former BEM – Bordeaux Management School)</li> <li>Vatel Bordeaux International Business School</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Artsup" title="E-Artsup">E-Artsup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_sup%C3%A9rieur_europ%C3%A9en_de_gestion_group" title="Institut supérieur européen de gestion group">Institut supérieur européen de gestion group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_sup%C3%A9rieur_europ%C3%A9en_de_formation_par_l%27action" title="Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action">Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action</a></li></ul> Other: <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_cour_int%C3%A9rieure_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%89cole_nationale_de_la_magistrature_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/La_cour_int%C3%A9rieure_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%89cole_nationale_de_la_magistrature_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/250px-La_cour_int%C3%A9rieure_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%89cole_nationale_de_la_magistrature_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1816"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 161px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/La_cour_int%C3%A9rieure_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%89cole_nationale_de_la_magistrature_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/250px-La_cour_int%C3%A9rieure_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%89cole_nationale_de_la_magistrature_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="161" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/La_cour_int%C3%A9rieure_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%89cole_nationale_de_la_magistrature_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/375px-La_cour_int%C3%A9rieure_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%89cole_nationale_de_la_magistrature_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/La_cour_int%C3%A9rieure_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%89cole_nationale_de_la_magistrature_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/500px-La_cour_int%C3%A9rieure_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%89cole_nationale_de_la_magistrature_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/French_National_School_for_the_Judiciary" title="French National School for the Judiciary">École nationale de la magistrature</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_National_School_for_the_Judiciary" title="French National School for the Judiciary">École nationale de la magistrature</a> (National school for the judiciary)</li> <li>École d'architecture et de paysage de Bordeaux</li> <li>École des beaux-arts de Bordeaux</li> <li>École française des attachés de presse et des professionnels de la communication (EFAP)</li> <li>Conservatoire national des arts et métiers d'Aquitaine (CNAM)</li> <li>École des Avocats ALIENOR de Bordeaux (law school)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weekend_education">Weekend education</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Weekend education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The École Compleméntaire Japonaise de Bordeaux (ボルドー日本語補習授業校, Borudō Nihongo Hoshū Jugyō Kō), a <a href="/wiki/Hoshuko" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoshuko">part-time Japanese supplementary school</a>, is held in the Salle de L'Athénée Municipal in Bordeaux.<a href="#cite_note-MEXTEuropeHoshuko-51">[50]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Attractions_and_tourism">Attractions and tourism</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Attractions and tourism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_place_de_la_bourse_with_tram.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bordeaux_place_de_la_bourse_with_tram.JPG/300px-Bordeaux_place_de_la_bourse_with_tram.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3401" data-file-height="2276"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 201px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bordeaux_place_de_la_bourse_with_tram.JPG/300px-Bordeaux_place_de_la_bourse_with_tram.JPG" data-width="300" data-height="201" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bordeaux_place_de_la_bourse_with_tram.JPG/450px-Bordeaux_place_de_la_bourse_with_tram.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bordeaux_place_de_la_bourse_with_tram.JPG/600px-Bordeaux_place_de_la_bourse_with_tram.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Bourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Place de la Bourse">Place de la Bourse</a> at night with the <a href="/wiki/Miroir_d%27eau" title="Miroir d'eau">Miroir d'eau</a> and tram</figcaption></figure> In October 2021, Bordeaux was shortlisted for the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>'s 2022 European Capital of Smart Tourism award along with <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heritage_and_architecture">Heritage and architecture</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Heritage and architecture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Bordeaux is classified "City of Art and History". The city is home to 362 <a href="/wiki/Monuments_historiques" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments historiques">monuments historiques</a> (national heritage sites), with some buildings dating back to Roman times. Bordeaux, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_the_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of the Moon">Port of the Moon</a>, has been inscribed on <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage List</a> as "an outstanding urban and architectural ensemble".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Bordeaux is home to one of Europe's biggest 18th-century architectural urban areas, making it a sought-after destination for tourists and cinema production crews. It stands out as one of the first French cities, after <a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a>, to have entered an era of <a href="/wiki/Urbanism" title="Urbanism">urbanism</a> and metropolitan big scale projects, with the team Gabriel father and son, architects for King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XV of France">Louis XV</a>, under the supervision of two intendants (Governors), first <a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Fran%C3%A7ois_Dupr%C3%A9_de_Saint-Maur" title="Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur">Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur</a> then the Marquis de Tourny.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Saint-André Cathedral, Saint-Michel Basilica and Saint-Seurin Basilica are part of the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_of_the_Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France">World Heritage Sites of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France</a>. The organ in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis-des-Chartrons" title="Saint-Louis-des-Chartrons">Saint-Louis-des-Chartrons</a> is registered on the French <a href="/wiki/Monuments_historiques" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments historiques">monuments historiques</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Notable historic buildings include:[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Bourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Place de la Bourse">Place de la Bourse</a> (1735–1755), designed by the Royal architect <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Gabriel" title="Jacques Gabriel">Jacques Gabriel</a> as landscape for an <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue" title="Equestrian statue">equestrian statue</a> of Louis XV, now replaced by the Fountain of the Three Graces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux" title="Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux">Grand Théâtre</a> (1780), a large neoclassical theater built in the 18th century.</li> <li>Allées de Tourny</li> <li>Cours de l'Intendance</li> <li>Place du Chapelet</li> <li>Place du Parlement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Quinconces" title="Place des Quinconces">Place des Quinconces</a>, the largest square in France.</li> <li>Monument aux Girondins</li> <li>Place Saint-Pierre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_de_pierre_(Bordeaux)" title="Pont de pierre (Bordeaux)">Pont de pierre</a> (1822)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_Cathedral" title="Bordeaux Cathedral">Bordeaux Cathedral</a> (Saint André), consecrated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Pope Urban II</a> in 1096 and dedicated to the Apostle Saint Andrew. Of the original Romanesque edifice only a wall in the nave remains. The Royal Door is from the early 13th century, while the rest of the construction is mostly from the 14th and 15th centuries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_Pey-Berland" title="Tour Pey-Berland">Tour Pey-Berland</a> (1440–1450), a massive, quadrangular Gothic tower annexed to the cathedral.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_Sainte-Croix" class="mw-redirect" title="Église Sainte-Croix">Sainte-Croix church</a>: This church, dedicated to the Holy Cross, stands on the site of a seventh-century abbey destroyed by the Saracens. Rebuilt under the Carolingians, it was again destroyed by the Normans in 845 and 864. The present building was erected and was built in the late 11th and early 12th centuries. The façade is in <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque style</a>.</li> <li>The Gothic <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St._Michael,_Bordeaux" title="Basilica of St. Michael, Bordeaux">Saint Michel Basilica</a>, constructed between the end of the 14th century and the 16th century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Severinus_of_Bordeaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Saint Severinus of Bordeaux">Basilica of Saint Severinus</a>, the oldest church in Bordeaux, built in the early sixth century on the site of a palaeo-Christian necropolis. It has an 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Portico" title="Portico">portico</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Apse" title="Apse">apse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transept" title="Transept">transept</a> are from the 12th. The 13th-century nave has chapels from the 11th and the 14th centuries. The ancient crypt houses tombs of the Merovingian family.</li> <li>Église Saint-Pierre, Gothic church</li> <li>Église Saint-Éloi, Gothic church</li> <li>Église Saint-Bruno, baroque church decorated with frescoes</li> <li>Église Notre-Dame, baroque church</li> <li>Église Saint-Paul-Saint-François-Xavier, baroque church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_Rohan,_Bordeaux" title="Palais Rohan, Bordeaux">Palais Rohan</a>, once the archbishop's residence, now city hall</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais_Gallien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palais Gallien (page does not exist)">Palais Gallien</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Gallien" class="extiw" title="fr:Palais Gallien">fr</a>], the remains of a late second-century <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheatre</a></li> <li>Porte Cailhau, a medieval <a href="/wiki/Gatehouse" title="Gatehouse">gatehouse</a> in the old city walls.</li> <li>La Grosse Cloche (15th century), the second remaining gate in the medieval walls. It was the <a href="/wiki/Bell_tower" title="Bell tower">belfry</a> of the old Town Hall. It consists of two 40-metre-high (131-foot) circular towers and a central <a href="/wiki/Bell_tower" title="Bell tower">bell tower</a> housing a <a href="/wiki/Bell_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell (instrument)">bell</a> weighing 7,800 kilograms (17,200 lb). The clock is from 1759.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_of_Bordeaux" title="Great Synagogue of Bordeaux">Grande Synagogue</a>, completed 1882</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Catherine_Street_(Bordeaux)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Catherine Street (Bordeaux)">Rue Sainte-Catherine</a>, the longest pedestrian street in France</li> <li>Darwin ecosystem, alternative place into former military barracks</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/BETASOM" title="BETASOM">BETASOM</a> submarine base</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Palais_Gallien_vestige_gallo-romain_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palais Gallien"><noscript><img alt="Palais Gallien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Le_Palais_Gallien_vestige_gallo-romain_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-Le_Palais_Gallien_vestige_gallo-romain_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3298" data-file-height="2696"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Le_Palais_Gallien_vestige_gallo-romain_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-Le_Palais_Gallien_vestige_gallo-romain_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg" data-alt="Palais Gallien" data-width="200" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Le_Palais_Gallien_vestige_gallo-romain_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/300px-Le_Palais_Gallien_vestige_gallo-romain_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Le_Palais_Gallien_vestige_gallo-romain_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/400px-Le_Palais_Gallien_vestige_gallo-romain_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palais Gallien</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cath%C3%A9drale_St_Andr%C3%A9_Bordeaux_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bordeaux Cathedral (Saint André)"><noscript><img alt="Bordeaux Cathedral (Saint André)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Cath%C3%A9drale_St_Andr%C3%A9_Bordeaux_3.jpg/200px-Cath%C3%A9drale_St_Andr%C3%A9_Bordeaux_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="10804" data-file-height="6863"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Cath%C3%A9drale_St_Andr%C3%A9_Bordeaux_3.jpg/200px-Cath%C3%A9drale_St_Andr%C3%A9_Bordeaux_3.jpg" data-alt="Bordeaux Cathedral (Saint André)" data-width="200" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Cath%C3%A9drale_St_Andr%C3%A9_Bordeaux_3.jpg/300px-Cath%C3%A9drale_St_Andr%C3%A9_Bordeaux_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Cath%C3%A9drale_St_Andr%C3%A9_Bordeaux_3.jpg/400px-Cath%C3%A9drale_St_Andr%C3%A9_Bordeaux_3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_Cathedral" title="Bordeaux Cathedral">Bordeaux Cathedral</a> (Saint André)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_Porte_Cailhau_R02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Porte Cailhau"><noscript><img alt="Porte Cailhau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bordeaux_Porte_Cailhau_R02.jpg/129px-Bordeaux_Porte_Cailhau_R02.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2658" data-file-height="4121"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 129px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bordeaux_Porte_Cailhau_R02.jpg/129px-Bordeaux_Porte_Cailhau_R02.jpg" data-alt="Porte Cailhau" data-width="129" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bordeaux_Porte_Cailhau_R02.jpg/193px-Bordeaux_Porte_Cailhau_R02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bordeaux_Porte_Cailhau_R02.jpg/258px-Bordeaux_Porte_Cailhau_R02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Porte Cailhau</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Théâtre"><noscript><img alt="Grand Théâtre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="378"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 118px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Bordeaux.jpg" data-alt="Grand Théâtre" data-width="200" data-height="118" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Bordeaux.jpg/300px-Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Bordeaux.jpg/400px-Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grand Théâtre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_Notre-Dame_R01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Notre Dame church"><noscript><img alt="The Notre Dame church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bordeaux_Notre-Dame_R01.jpg/182px-Bordeaux_Notre-Dame_R01.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3652" data-file-height="4011"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 182px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bordeaux_Notre-Dame_R01.jpg/182px-Bordeaux_Notre-Dame_R01.jpg" data-alt="The Notre Dame church" data-width="182" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bordeaux_Notre-Dame_R01.jpg/273px-Bordeaux_Notre-Dame_R01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bordeaux_Notre-Dame_R01.jpg/364px-Bordeaux_Notre-Dame_R01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Notre Dame church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:151_-_Le_Pont_de_Pierre_-_Bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pont de Pierre"><noscript><img alt="Pont de Pierre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/151_-_Le_Pont_de_Pierre_-_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-151_-_Le_Pont_de_Pierre_-_Bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2112"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/151_-_Le_Pont_de_Pierre_-_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-151_-_Le_Pont_de_Pierre_-_Bordeaux.jpg" data-alt="Pont de Pierre" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/151_-_Le_Pont_de_Pierre_-_Bordeaux.jpg/300px-151_-_Le_Pont_de_Pierre_-_Bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/151_-_Le_Pont_de_Pierre_-_Bordeaux.jpg/400px-151_-_Le_Pont_de_Pierre_-_Bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pont_de_pierre_(Bordeaux)" title="Pont de pierre (Bordeaux)">Pont de Pierre</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_-_Basilique_Saint-Michel_-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Basilica of Saint Michel"><noscript><img alt="Basilica of Saint Michel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bordeaux_-_Basilique_Saint-Michel_-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale.jpg/200px-Bordeaux_-_Basilique_Saint-Michel_-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5077" data-file-height="3544"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bordeaux_-_Basilique_Saint-Michel_-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale.jpg/200px-Bordeaux_-_Basilique_Saint-Michel_-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale.jpg" data-alt="Basilica of Saint Michel" data-width="200" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bordeaux_-_Basilique_Saint-Michel_-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale.jpg/300px-Bordeaux_-_Basilique_Saint-Michel_-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bordeaux_-_Basilique_Saint-Michel_-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale.jpg/400px-Bordeaux_-_Basilique_Saint-Michel_-_Vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St._Michael,_Bordeaux" title="Basilica of St. Michael, Bordeaux">Basilica of Saint Michel</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Grosse cloche"><noscript><img alt="Grosse cloche" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG/132px-Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG" decoding="async" width="132" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4928"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 132px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG/132px-Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG" data-alt="Grosse cloche" data-width="132" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG/199px-Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG/265px-Puerta_de_Burdeos.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grosse cloche</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:026_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_Place_Pey-Berland_-_Bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palais Rohan (town hall)"><noscript><img alt="Palais Rohan (town hall)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/026_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_Place_Pey-Berland_-_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-026_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_Place_Pey-Berland_-_Bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/026_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_Place_Pey-Berland_-_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-026_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_Place_Pey-Berland_-_Bordeaux.jpg" data-alt="Palais Rohan (town hall)" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/026_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_Place_Pey-Berland_-_Bordeaux.jpg/300px-026_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_Place_Pey-Berland_-_Bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/026_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_Place_Pey-Berland_-_Bordeaux.jpg/400px-026_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_Place_Pey-Berland_-_Bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Palais_Rohan,_Bordeaux" title="Palais Rohan, Bordeaux">Palais Rohan</a> (town hall)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:FacadeSainteCroixBordeauxsoir.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sainte-Croix church"><noscript><img alt="Sainte-Croix church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/FacadeSainteCroixBordeauxsoir.jpg/200px-FacadeSainteCroixBordeauxsoir.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="291"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/FacadeSainteCroixBordeauxsoir.jpg/200px-FacadeSainteCroixBordeauxsoir.jpg" data-alt="Sainte-Croix church" data-width="200" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/FacadeSainteCroixBordeauxsoir.jpg/300px-FacadeSainteCroixBordeauxsoir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/FacadeSainteCroixBordeauxsoir.jpg/400px-FacadeSainteCroixBordeauxsoir.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_Sainte-Croix" class="mw-redirect" title="Église Sainte-Croix">Sainte-Croix church</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_Place_du_Parlement_R01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Place du Parlement"><noscript><img alt="Place du Parlement" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bordeaux_Place_du_Parlement_R01.jpg/200px-Bordeaux_Place_du_Parlement_R01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="85" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6110" data-file-height="2599"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 85px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bordeaux_Place_du_Parlement_R01.jpg/200px-Bordeaux_Place_du_Parlement_R01.jpg" data-alt="Place du Parlement" data-width="200" data-height="85" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bordeaux_Place_du_Parlement_R01.jpg/300px-Bordeaux_Place_du_Parlement_R01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bordeaux_Place_du_Parlement_R01.jpg/400px-Bordeaux_Place_du_Parlement_R01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Place du Parlement</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Synagogue_Bx_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Grand Synagogue"><noscript><img alt="The Grand Synagogue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Synagogue_Bx_5.jpg/200px-Synagogue_Bx_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Synagogue_Bx_5.jpg/200px-Synagogue_Bx_5.jpg" data-alt="The Grand Synagogue" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Synagogue_Bx_5.jpg/300px-Synagogue_Bx_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Synagogue_Bx_5.jpg/400px-Synagogue_Bx_5.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_of_Bordeaux" title="Great Synagogue of Bordeaux">Grand Synagogue</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Fa%C3%A7ades_de_deux_ouvrages_Art_D%C3%A9co_du_Quartier_Lescure_(Bordeaux).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Facades of the Art déco district"><noscript><img alt="Facades of the Art déco district" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Fa%C3%A7ades_de_deux_ouvrages_Art_D%C3%A9co_du_Quartier_Lescure_%28Bordeaux%29.jpg/200px-Fa%C3%A7ades_de_deux_ouvrages_Art_D%C3%A9co_du_Quartier_Lescure_%28Bordeaux%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Fa%C3%A7ades_de_deux_ouvrages_Art_D%C3%A9co_du_Quartier_Lescure_%28Bordeaux%29.jpg/200px-Fa%C3%A7ades_de_deux_ouvrages_Art_D%C3%A9co_du_Quartier_Lescure_%28Bordeaux%29.jpg" data-alt="Facades of the Art déco district" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Fa%C3%A7ades_de_deux_ouvrages_Art_D%C3%A9co_du_Quartier_Lescure_%28Bordeaux%29.jpg/300px-Fa%C3%A7ades_de_deux_ouvrages_Art_D%C3%A9co_du_Quartier_Lescure_%28Bordeaux%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Fa%C3%A7ades_de_deux_ouvrages_Art_D%C3%A9co_du_Quartier_Lescure_%28Bordeaux%29.jpg/400px-Fa%C3%A7ades_de_deux_ouvrages_Art_D%C3%A9co_du_Quartier_Lescure_%28Bordeaux%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Facades of the <a href="/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" class="mw-redirect" title="Art déco">Art déco</a> district</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Darwin_-_Magasin_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Darwin district"><noscript><img alt="Darwin district" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Darwin_-_Magasin_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg/200px-Darwin_-_Magasin_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5503" data-file-height="3668"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Darwin_-_Magasin_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg/200px-Darwin_-_Magasin_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg" data-alt="Darwin district" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Darwin_-_Magasin_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg/300px-Darwin_-_Magasin_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Darwin_-_Magasin_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg/400px-Darwin_-_Magasin_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Darwin district</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Basesousmarine.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Submarine Pen"><noscript><img alt="Submarine Pen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Basesousmarine.JPG/200px-Basesousmarine.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Basesousmarine.JPG/200px-Basesousmarine.JPG" data-alt="Submarine Pen" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Basesousmarine.JPG/300px-Basesousmarine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Basesousmarine.JPG/400px-Basesousmarine.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Submarine Pen</div> </li> </ul> Contemporary buildings in contemporary architectural style include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_Frug%C3%A8s_de_Pessac" title="Cité Frugès de Pessac">Cité Frugès</a>, district of <a href="/wiki/Pessac" title="Pessac">Pessac</a>, built by <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>, 1924–1926, listed as UNESCO heritage</li> <li>Fire Station, la Benauge, Claude Ferret/Adrien Courtois/Yves Salier, 1951–1954</li> <li>Mériadeck district, 1960–70's</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribunal_d%27instance" title="Tribunal d'instance">Court of first instance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rogers" title="Richard Rogers">Richard Rogers</a>, 1998</li> <li>CTBA, wood and furniture research center, A. Loisier, 1998</li> <li>Hangar 14 on the Quai des Chartrons, 1999</li> <li>The Management Science faculty on the Bastide, Anne Lacaton/Jean-Philippe Vassal, 2006</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Jardin_botanique_de_la_Bastide" title="Jardin botanique de la Bastide">Jardin botanique de la Bastide</a>, Catherine Mosbach/Françoise Hélène Jourda/<a href="/wiki/Pascal_Convert" title="Pascal Convert">Pascal Convert</a>, 2007</li> <li>The Nuyens School complex on the Bastide, Yves Ballot/Nathalie Franck, 2007</li> <li>Seeko'o Hotel on the Quai de Bacalan, King Kong architects, 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_Stade_de_Bordeaux" title="Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux">Matmut Atlantique stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herzog_%26_de_Meuron" title="Herzog & de Meuron">Herzog & de Meuron</a>, 2015</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_du_Vin" title="Cité du Vin">Cité du Vin</a>, XTU architects, Anouk Legendre & Nicolas Desmazières, 2016</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MECA_of_Bordeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MECA of Bordeaux (page does not exist)">MECA</a>, Maison de l'Économie Créative et de la culture de la Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine, <a href="/wiki/Bjarke_Ingels" title="Bjarke Ingels">Bjarke Ingels</a>, 2019</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_Meriadeck.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mériadeck district"><noscript><img alt="Mériadeck district" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bordeaux_Meriadeck.JPG/200px-Bordeaux_Meriadeck.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bordeaux_Meriadeck.JPG/200px-Bordeaux_Meriadeck.JPG" data-alt="Mériadeck district" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bordeaux_Meriadeck.JPG/300px-Bordeaux_Meriadeck.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bordeaux_Meriadeck.JPG/400px-Bordeaux_Meriadeck.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mériadeck district</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_Palais_de_Justice_23.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Court of first instance"><noscript><img alt="Court of first instance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bordeaux_Palais_de_Justice_23.JPG/200px-Bordeaux_Palais_de_Justice_23.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3789" data-file-height="2532"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bordeaux_Palais_de_Justice_23.JPG/200px-Bordeaux_Palais_de_Justice_23.JPG" data-alt="Court of first instance" data-width="200" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bordeaux_Palais_de_Justice_23.JPG/300px-Bordeaux_Palais_de_Justice_23.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bordeaux_Palais_de_Justice_23.JPG/400px-Bordeaux_Palais_de_Justice_23.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Court of first instance</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Seeko%27o_Hotel,_Bordeaux,_July_2014_(03).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Seeko'o hotel"><noscript><img alt="Seeko'o hotel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Seeko%27o_Hotel%2C_Bordeaux%2C_July_2014_%2803%29.JPG/200px-Seeko%27o_Hotel%2C_Bordeaux%2C_July_2014_%2803%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Seeko%27o_Hotel%2C_Bordeaux%2C_July_2014_%2803%29.JPG/200px-Seeko%27o_Hotel%2C_Bordeaux%2C_July_2014_%2803%29.JPG" data-alt="Seeko'o hotel" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Seeko%27o_Hotel%2C_Bordeaux%2C_July_2014_%2803%29.JPG/300px-Seeko%27o_Hotel%2C_Bordeaux%2C_July_2014_%2803%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Seeko%27o_Hotel%2C_Bordeaux%2C_July_2014_%2803%29.JPG/400px-Seeko%27o_Hotel%2C_Bordeaux%2C_July_2014_%2803%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Seeko'o hotel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_(37500642606).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cité du Vin"><noscript><img alt="Cité du Vin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_%2837500642606%29.jpg/200px-Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_%2837500642606%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_%2837500642606%29.jpg/200px-Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_%2837500642606%29.jpg" data-alt="Cité du Vin" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_%2837500642606%29.jpg/300px-Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_%2837500642606%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_%2837500642606%29.jpg/400px-Cite_du_vin_Bordeaux_2017_%2837500642606%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_du_Vin" title="Cité du Vin">Cité du Vin</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MECA"><noscript><img alt="MECA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg/200px-RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="2570"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 104px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg/200px-RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg" data-alt="MECA" data-width="200" data-height="104" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg/300px-RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg/400px-RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MECA_of_Bordeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MECA of Bordeaux (page does not exist)">MECA</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Museums" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_beaux-arts_de_Bordeaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée des beaux-arts de Bordeaux">Musée des Beaux-Arts</a> (Fine arts museum), one of the finest painting galleries in France with paintings by painter such as <a href="/wiki/Tiziano" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiziano">Tiziano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Veronese" title="Paolo Veronese">Veronese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubens">Rubens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Van_Dyck" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Dyck">Van Dyck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frans_Hals" title="Frans Hals">Frans Hals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lorrain" title="Claude Lorrain">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Sim%C3%A9on_Chardin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin">Chardin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Delacroix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Renoir">Renoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seurat" class="mw-redirect" title="Seurat">Seurat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Redon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matisse" class="mw-redirect" title="Matisse">Matisse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Picasso" class="mw-redirect" title="Picasso">Picasso</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine" title="Musée d'Aquitaine">Musée d'Aquitaine</a> (archeological and history museum)</li> <li>Musée du Vin et du Négoce (museum of the wine trade)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_D%C3%A9coratifs_et_du_Design" title="Musée des Arts Décoratifs et du Design">Musée des Arts Décoratifs et du Design</a> (museum of decorative arts and design)</li> <li>Musée d'Histoire Naturelle (natural history museum)</li> <li>Musée Mer Marine (Sea and Navy museum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_du_Vin" title="Cité du Vin">Cité du Vin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPC_mus%C3%A9e_d%27art_contemporain_de_Bordeaux" title="CAPC musée d'art contemporain de Bordeaux">CAPC musée d'art contemporain de Bordeaux</a> (modern art museum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_des_douanes" title="Musée national des douanes">Musée national des douanes</a> (history of French customs)</li> <li>Bordeaux Patrimoine Mondial (architectural and heritage interpretation centre)<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a></li> <li>Musée d'ethnologie (ethnology museum)</li> <li>Institut culturel <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Magrez" title="Bernard Magrez">Bernard Magrez</a>, modern and streetart museum into an 18th-century mansion</li> <li>Cervantez Institute (into the house of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Goya</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_Sciences" class="extiw" title="fr:Cap Sciences">Cap Sciences</a></li> <li>Centre Jean Moulin</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Beaux_arts_bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts"><noscript><img alt="Musée des Beaux-Arts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Beaux_arts_bordeaux.jpg/150px-Beaux_arts_bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Beaux_arts_bordeaux.jpg/150px-Beaux_arts_bordeaux.jpg" data-alt="Musée des Beaux-Arts" data-width="150" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Beaux_arts_bordeaux.jpg/225px-Beaux_arts_bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Beaux_arts_bordeaux.jpg/300px-Beaux_arts_bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Bordeaux" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux">Musée des Beaux-Arts</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mus%C3%A9e_Aquitaine.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Musée d'Aquitaine"><noscript><img alt="Musée d'Aquitaine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mus%C3%A9e_Aquitaine.JPG/200px-Mus%C3%A9e_Aquitaine.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mus%C3%A9e_Aquitaine.JPG/200px-Mus%C3%A9e_Aquitaine.JPG" data-alt="Musée d'Aquitaine" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mus%C3%A9e_Aquitaine.JPG/300px-Mus%C3%A9e_Aquitaine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mus%C3%A9e_Aquitaine.JPG/400px-Mus%C3%A9e_Aquitaine.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine" title="Musée d'Aquitaine">Musée d'Aquitaine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%B4tel_de_Lalande_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs_et_du_design_de_Bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Musée des Arts Décoratifs et du Design"><noscript><img alt="Musée des Arts Décoratifs et du Design" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/H%C3%B4tel_de_Lalande_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs_et_du_design_de_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-H%C3%B4tel_de_Lalande_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs_et_du_design_de_Bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/H%C3%B4tel_de_Lalande_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs_et_du_design_de_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-H%C3%B4tel_de_Lalande_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs_et_du_design_de_Bordeaux.jpg" data-alt="Musée des Arts Décoratifs et du Design" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/H%C3%B4tel_de_Lalande_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs_et_du_design_de_Bordeaux.jpg/300px-H%C3%B4tel_de_Lalande_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs_et_du_design_de_Bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/H%C3%B4tel_de_Lalande_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs_et_du_design_de_Bordeaux.jpg/400px-H%C3%B4tel_de_Lalande_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_arts_d%C3%A9coratifs_et_du_design_de_Bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_D%C3%A9coratifs_et_du_Design" title="Musée des Arts Décoratifs et du Design">Musée des Arts Décoratifs et du Design</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:CAPC_janvier_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="CAPC musée d'art contemporain de Bordeaux"><noscript><img alt="CAPC musée d'art contemporain de Bordeaux" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/CAPC_janvier_2018.jpg/200px-CAPC_janvier_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/CAPC_janvier_2018.jpg/200px-CAPC_janvier_2018.jpg" data-alt="CAPC musée d'art contemporain de Bordeaux" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/CAPC_janvier_2018.jpg/300px-CAPC_janvier_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/CAPC_janvier_2018.jpg/400px-CAPC_janvier_2018.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/CAPC_mus%C3%A9e_d%27art_contemporain_de_Bordeaux" title="CAPC musée d'art contemporain de Bordeaux">CAPC musée d'art contemporain de Bordeaux</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mus%C3%A9e_du_vin_et_du_n%C3%A9goce_de_Bordeaux_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Musée du vin et du négoce de Bordeaux"><noscript><img alt="Musée du vin et du négoce de Bordeaux" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mus%C3%A9e_du_vin_et_du_n%C3%A9goce_de_Bordeaux_%283%29.jpg/200px-Mus%C3%A9e_du_vin_et_du_n%C3%A9goce_de_Bordeaux_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mus%C3%A9e_du_vin_et_du_n%C3%A9goce_de_Bordeaux_%283%29.jpg/200px-Mus%C3%A9e_du_vin_et_du_n%C3%A9goce_de_Bordeaux_%283%29.jpg" data-alt="Musée du vin et du négoce de Bordeaux" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mus%C3%A9e_du_vin_et_du_n%C3%A9goce_de_Bordeaux_%283%29.jpg/300px-Mus%C3%A9e_du_vin_et_du_n%C3%A9goce_de_Bordeaux_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mus%C3%A9e_du_vin_et_du_n%C3%A9goce_de_Bordeaux_%283%29.jpg/400px-Mus%C3%A9e_du_vin_et_du_n%C3%A9goce_de_Bordeaux_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Musée du vin et du négoce de Bordeaux</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slavery_memorials">Slavery memorials</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Slavery memorials" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Slavery was part of a growing drive for the city. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Bordeaux was an important <a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave Trade">slave port</a>, which saw some 500 slave expeditions that cause the deportation of 150,000 Africans by Bordeaux shipowners.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> Secondly, even though the "<a href="/wiki/Triangular_trade" title="Triangular trade">Triangular trade</a>" represented only 5% of Bordeaux's wealth, the city's direct trade with the Caribbean, that accounted for the other 95%, concerns the colonial stuffs made by the slave (sugar, coffee, cocoa).<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> And thirdly, in that same period, a major migratory movement by Aquitanians took place to the Caribbean colonies, with <a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>) being the most popular destination. 40% of the white population of the island came from <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> They prospered with <a href="/wiki/Plantation_economy" title="Plantation economy">plantations</a> incomes, until the <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">first slave revolts</a> which concluded in 1848 in the final abolition of slavery in France.<a href="#cite_note-musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr-58">[57]</a> A statue of <a href="/wiki/Modeste_Testas" title="Modeste Testas">Modeste Testas</a>, an Ethiopian woman who was enslaved by the Bordeaux-based Testas brothers was unveiled in 2019. She was trafficked by them from West Africa, to Philadelphia (where one of the brothers coerced her to have two children by him) and was ultimately freed and lived in Haiti. The bronze sculpture was created by the Haitian artists <a href="/wiki/Woodly_Caymitte" title="Woodly Caymitte">Woodly Caymitte</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> A number of traces and memorial sites are visible in the city. Moreover, in May 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Aquitaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Aquitaine">Museum of Aquitaine</a> opened the spaces dedicated to "Bordeaux in the 18th century, trans-Atlantic trading and slavery". This work, richly illustrated with original documents, contributes to disseminate the state of knowledge on this question, presenting above all the facts and their chronology.<a href="#cite_note-musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr-58">[57]</a> The region of Bordeaux was also the land of several prominent <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">abolitionists</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Daniel_Laffon_de_Ladebat" title="André-Daniel Laffon de Ladebat">Laffon de Ladébat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elis%C3%A9e_Reclus" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisée Reclus">Elisée Reclus</a>. Others were members of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Friends_of_the_Blacks" title="Society of the Friends of the Blacks">Society of the Friends of the Blacks</a> as the revolutionaries <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Boyer-Fonfr%C3%A8de" title="Jean-Baptiste Boyer-Fonfrède">Boyer-Fonfrède</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armand_Gensonn%C3%A9" title="Armand Gensonné">Gensonné</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marguerite-%C3%89lie_Guadet" title="Marguerite-Élie Guadet">Guadet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Ducos" title="Jean-François Ducos">Ducos</a>. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_place_de_la_Bourse_mascaron_visage_africain.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="African face mascaron on the place de la Bourse"><noscript><img alt="African face mascaron on the place de la Bourse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bordeaux_place_de_la_Bourse_mascaron_visage_africain.JPG/200px-Bordeaux_place_de_la_Bourse_mascaron_visage_africain.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bordeaux_place_de_la_Bourse_mascaron_visage_africain.JPG/200px-Bordeaux_place_de_la_Bourse_mascaron_visage_africain.JPG" data-alt="African face mascaron on the place de la Bourse" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bordeaux_place_de_la_Bourse_mascaron_visage_africain.JPG/300px-Bordeaux_place_de_la_Bourse_mascaron_visage_africain.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bordeaux_place_de_la_Bourse_mascaron_visage_africain.JPG/400px-Bordeaux_place_de_la_Bourse_mascaron_visage_africain.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">African face <a href="/wiki/Mascaron_(architecture)" title="Mascaron (architecture)">mascaron</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Bourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Place de la Bourse">place de la Bourse</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%A9tail_de_la_fresque_du_Grand-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Allegory of Bordeaux and her wealth, including two African slaves, ceiling of the Grand-Théâtre de Bordeaux"><noscript><img alt="Allegory of Bordeaux and her wealth, including two African slaves, ceiling of the Grand-Théâtre de Bordeaux" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/D%C3%A9tail_de_la_fresque_du_Grand-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-D%C3%A9tail_de_la_fresque_du_Grand-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2588" data-file-height="1648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/D%C3%A9tail_de_la_fresque_du_Grand-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-D%C3%A9tail_de_la_fresque_du_Grand-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux.jpg" data-alt="Allegory of Bordeaux and her wealth, including two African slaves, ceiling of the Grand-Théâtre de Bordeaux" data-width="200" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/D%C3%A9tail_de_la_fresque_du_Grand-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux.jpg/300px-D%C3%A9tail_de_la_fresque_du_Grand-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/D%C3%A9tail_de_la_fresque_du_Grand-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux.jpg/400px-D%C3%A9tail_de_la_fresque_du_Grand-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Allegory of Bordeaux and her wealth, including two African slaves, ceiling of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux" title="Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux">Grand-Théâtre de Bordeaux</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Salles_consacr%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_l%27esclavage_au_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine,_Bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spaces dedicated to slave trade, Musée d'Aquitaine"><noscript><img alt="Spaces dedicated to slave trade, Musée d'Aquitaine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Salles_consacr%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_l%27esclavage_au_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.jpg/186px-Salles_consacr%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_l%27esclavage_au_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2405" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 186px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Salles_consacr%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_l%27esclavage_au_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.jpg/186px-Salles_consacr%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_l%27esclavage_au_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.jpg" data-alt="Spaces dedicated to slave trade, Musée d'Aquitaine" data-width="186" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Salles_consacr%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_l%27esclavage_au_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.jpg/278px-Salles_consacr%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_l%27esclavage_au_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Salles_consacr%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_l%27esclavage_au_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.jpg/371px-Salles_consacr%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_l%27esclavage_au_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spaces dedicated to slave trade, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine" title="Musée d'Aquitaine">Musée d'Aquitaine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue-f%C3%A9tiche_Fon-Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fon fetish, Musée d'Aquitaine"><noscript><img alt="Fon fetish, Musée d'Aquitaine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Statue-f%C3%A9tiche_Fon-Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine_%281%29.jpg/112px-Statue-f%C3%A9tiche_Fon-Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2859" data-file-height="5081"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 112px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Statue-f%C3%A9tiche_Fon-Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine_%281%29.jpg/112px-Statue-f%C3%A9tiche_Fon-Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine_%281%29.jpg" data-alt="Fon fetish, Musée d'Aquitaine" data-width="112" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Statue-f%C3%A9tiche_Fon-Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine_%281%29.jpg/169px-Statue-f%C3%A9tiche_Fon-Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Statue-f%C3%A9tiche_Fon-Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine_%281%29.jpg/225px-Statue-f%C3%A9tiche_Fon-Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fon_people" title="Fon people">Fon</a> fetish, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Aquitaine" title="Musée d'Aquitaine">Musée d'Aquitaine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Buste_en_bronze_de_Toussaint_Louverture,_Bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze bust of Toussaint Louverture"><noscript><img alt="Bronze bust of Toussaint Louverture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Buste_en_bronze_de_Toussaint_Louverture%2C_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-Buste_en_bronze_de_Toussaint_Louverture%2C_Bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Buste_en_bronze_de_Toussaint_Louverture%2C_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-Buste_en_bronze_de_Toussaint_Louverture%2C_Bordeaux.jpg" data-alt="Bronze bust of Toussaint Louverture" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Buste_en_bronze_de_Toussaint_Louverture%2C_Bordeaux.jpg/300px-Buste_en_bronze_de_Toussaint_Louverture%2C_Bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Buste_en_bronze_de_Toussaint_Louverture%2C_Bordeaux.jpg/400px-Buste_en_bronze_de_Toussaint_Louverture%2C_Bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze bust of <a href="/wiki/Toussaint_Louverture" title="Toussaint Louverture">Toussaint Louverture</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_de_Modeste_Testas,_quai_des_Chartrons,_Bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze Statue of Modeste Testas, Ethiopian woman enslaved by two Bordeaux plantation owners"><noscript><img alt="Bronze Statue of Modeste Testas, Ethiopian woman enslaved by two Bordeaux plantation owners" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Statue_de_Modeste_Testas%2C_quai_des_Chartrons%2C_Bordeaux.jpg/159px-Statue_de_Modeste_Testas%2C_quai_des_Chartrons%2C_Bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2142"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 159px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Statue_de_Modeste_Testas%2C_quai_des_Chartrons%2C_Bordeaux.jpg/159px-Statue_de_Modeste_Testas%2C_quai_des_Chartrons%2C_Bordeaux.jpg" data-alt="Bronze Statue of Modeste Testas, Ethiopian woman enslaved by two Bordeaux plantation owners" data-width="159" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Statue_de_Modeste_Testas%2C_quai_des_Chartrons%2C_Bordeaux.jpg/239px-Statue_de_Modeste_Testas%2C_quai_des_Chartrons%2C_Bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Statue_de_Modeste_Testas%2C_quai_des_Chartrons%2C_Bordeaux.jpg/318px-Statue_de_Modeste_Testas%2C_quai_des_Chartrons%2C_Bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze Statue of <a href="/wiki/Modeste_Testas" title="Modeste Testas">Modeste Testas</a>, Ethiopian woman enslaved by two Bordeaux plantation owners</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_gardens">Parks and gardens</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Parks and gardens" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Jardin public de Bordeaux, which contains the <a href="/wiki/Jardin_botanique_de_Bordeaux" title="Jardin botanique de Bordeaux">Jardin botanique de Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jardin_botanique_de_la_Bastide" title="Jardin botanique de la Bastide">Jardin botanique de la Bastide</a></li> <li>Parc bordelais</li> <li>Parc aux Angéliques</li> <li>Jardin des Lumières</li> <li>Parc Rivière</li> <li>Parc Floral</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_Jardin_Public_R02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jardin public"><noscript><img alt="Jardin public" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bordeaux_Jardin_Public_R02.jpg/200px-Bordeaux_Jardin_Public_R02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3820" data-file-height="2698"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bordeaux_Jardin_Public_R02.jpg/200px-Bordeaux_Jardin_Public_R02.jpg" data-alt="Jardin public" data-width="200" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bordeaux_Jardin_Public_R02.jpg/300px-Bordeaux_Jardin_Public_R02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bordeaux_Jardin_Public_R02.jpg/400px-Bordeaux_Jardin_Public_R02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jardin public</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jardin_botanique_de_Bordeaux_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jardin botanique"><noscript><img alt="Jardin botanique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Jardin_botanique_de_Bordeaux_7.jpg/200px-Jardin_botanique_de_Bordeaux_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Jardin_botanique_de_Bordeaux_7.jpg/200px-Jardin_botanique_de_Bordeaux_7.jpg" data-alt="Jardin botanique" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Jardin_botanique_de_Bordeaux_7.jpg/300px-Jardin_botanique_de_Bordeaux_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Jardin_botanique_de_Bordeaux_7.jpg/400px-Jardin_botanique_de_Bordeaux_7.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jardin_botanique_de_la_Bastide" title="Jardin botanique de la Bastide">Jardin botanique</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_Quai_Louis_XVIII_R01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jardin des Lumières"><noscript><img alt="Jardin des Lumières" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bordeaux_Quai_Louis_XVIII_R01.jpg/200px-Bordeaux_Quai_Louis_XVIII_R01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3849" data-file-height="2580"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bordeaux_Quai_Louis_XVIII_R01.jpg/200px-Bordeaux_Quai_Louis_XVIII_R01.jpg" data-alt="Jardin des Lumières" data-width="200" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bordeaux_Quai_Louis_XVIII_R01.jpg/300px-Bordeaux_Quai_Louis_XVIII_R01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bordeaux_Quai_Louis_XVIII_R01.jpg/400px-Bordeaux_Quai_Louis_XVIII_R01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jardin des Lumières</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3298.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parc floral, Casablanca pavilion"><noscript><img alt="Parc floral, Casablanca pavilion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3298.jpg/200px-Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3298.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3298.jpg/200px-Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3298.jpg" data-alt="Parc floral, Casablanca pavilion" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3298.jpg/300px-Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3298.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3298.jpg/400px-Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3298.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Parc floral, Casablanca pavilion</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pont_Jacques_Chaban-Delmas">Pont Jacques Chaban-Delmas</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Pont Jacques Chaban-Delmas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_-_Pont_Chaban_Delmas_sur_la_Garonne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bordeaux_-_Pont_Chaban_Delmas_sur_la_Garonne.jpg/220px-Bordeaux_-_Pont_Chaban_Delmas_sur_la_Garonne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bordeaux_-_Pont_Chaban_Delmas_sur_la_Garonne.jpg/220px-Bordeaux_-_Pont_Chaban_Delmas_sur_la_Garonne.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bordeaux_-_Pont_Chaban_Delmas_sur_la_Garonne.jpg/330px-Bordeaux_-_Pont_Chaban_Delmas_sur_la_Garonne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bordeaux_-_Pont_Chaban_Delmas_sur_la_Garonne.jpg/440px-Bordeaux_-_Pont_Chaban_Delmas_sur_la_Garonne.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pont_Jacques_Chaban-Delmas" title="Pont Jacques Chaban-Delmas">Chaban Delmas bridge</a></figcaption></figure> Europe's longest-span <a href="/wiki/Vertical-lift_bridge" title="Vertical-lift bridge">vertical-lift bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pont_Jacques_Chaban-Delmas" title="Pont Jacques Chaban-Delmas">Pont Jacques Chaban-Delmas</a>, was opened in 2013 in Bordeaux, spanning the River Garonne.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The central lift span is 117-metre-long (384-foot), weighs 4,600 tons and can be lifted vertically up to 53 metres (174 feet) to let tall ships pass underneath. The €160 million bridge was inaugurated by President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> and Mayor Alain Juppé on 16 March 2013. The bridge was named after the late <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chaban-Delmas" title="Jacques Chaban-Delmas">Jacques Chaban-Delmas</a>, who was a former Prime Minister and <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor</a> of Bordeaux.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shopping">Shopping</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Shopping" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rue_Sainte_Catherine_-_Bordeaux_(FR33)_-_2022-09-10_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rue_Sainte_Catherine_-_Bordeaux_%28FR33%29_-_2022-09-10_-_2.jpg/220px-Rue_Sainte_Catherine_-_Bordeaux_%28FR33%29_-_2022-09-10_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rue_Sainte_Catherine_-_Bordeaux_%28FR33%29_-_2022-09-10_-_2.jpg/220px-Rue_Sainte_Catherine_-_Bordeaux_%28FR33%29_-_2022-09-10_-_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rue_Sainte_Catherine_-_Bordeaux_%28FR33%29_-_2022-09-10_-_2.jpg/330px-Rue_Sainte_Catherine_-_Bordeaux_%28FR33%29_-_2022-09-10_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rue_Sainte_Catherine_-_Bordeaux_%28FR33%29_-_2022-09-10_-_2.jpg/440px-Rue_Sainte_Catherine_-_Bordeaux_%28FR33%29_-_2022-09-10_-_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Rue Sainte-Catherine</figcaption></figure> Bordeaux has many shopping options. In the heart of Bordeaux is <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Catherine_Street_(Bordeaux)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Catherine Street (Bordeaux)">Rue Sainte-Catherine</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] This <a href="/wiki/Pedestrianised" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedestrianised">pedestrianised</a> street has 1.2 kilometers (0.75 mi) of shops, restaurants and cafés; it is also one of the longest shopping streets in Europe.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Rue Sainte-Catherine starts at Place de la Victoire and ends at Place de la Comédie by the Grand Théâtre. The shops become progressively more upmarket as one moves towards Place de la Comédie and the nearby Cours de l'Intendance is where there are the more exclusive shops and boutiques.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> Bordeaux is the first city in France to have created, in the 1980s, an architecture exhibition and research centre, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arc_en_r%C3%AAve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arc en rêve (page does not exist)">Arc en rêve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> The city has a large number of cinemas, theatres, and is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux" title="Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux">Opéra national de Bordeaux</a>. There are many music venues of varying capacity. The city also offers several festivals throughout the year. The <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_International_Festival_of_Women_in_Cinema" title="Bordeaux International Festival of Women in Cinema">Bordeaux International Festival of Women in Cinema</a> (Festival international du cinéma au féminin de Bordeaux) took place in Bordeaux from 2002<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> until 2005.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> The Festival international du film indépendant de Bordeaux (Fifib or FIFIB),<a href="#cite_note-ff-64">[63]</a> or Bordeaux International Independent Film Festival,<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-oa2024-66">[65]</a> was established in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-ff-64">[63]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:GrandTheatreBordeaux2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux"><noscript><img alt="Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/GrandTheatreBordeaux2.jpg/200px-GrandTheatreBordeaux2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2490" data-file-height="1773"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/GrandTheatreBordeaux2.jpg/200px-GrandTheatreBordeaux2.jpg" data-alt="Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux" data-width="200" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/GrandTheatreBordeaux2.jpg/300px-GrandTheatreBordeaux2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/GrandTheatreBordeaux2.jpg/400px-GrandTheatreBordeaux2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux" title="Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux">Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Femina.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Théâtre Femina"><noscript><img alt="Théâtre Femina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bordeaux_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Femina.jpg/200px-Bordeaux_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Femina.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bordeaux_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Femina.jpg/200px-Bordeaux_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Femina.jpg" data-alt="Théâtre Femina" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bordeaux_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Femina.jpg/300px-Bordeaux_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Femina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bordeaux_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Femina.jpg/400px-Bordeaux_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Femina.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Théâtre Femina</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MECA, Maison de l'Économie Créative et de la Culture en Aquitaine"><noscript><img alt="MECA, Maison de l'Économie Créative et de la Culture en Aquitaine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg/200px-RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="2570"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 104px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg/200px-RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg" data-alt="MECA, Maison de l'Économie Créative et de la Culture en Aquitaine" data-width="200" data-height="104" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg/300px-RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg/400px-RB_20200222_Bordeaux-11.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">MECA, Maison de l'Économie Créative et de la Culture en Aquitaine</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Road" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Bordeaux is an important road and <a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)" title="Interchange (road)">motorway junction</a>. The city is connected to Paris by the <a href="/wiki/A10_autoroute_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="A10 autoroute (France)">A10</a> motorway, with Lyon by the <a href="/wiki/A89_autoroute" title="A89 autoroute">A89</a>, with Toulouse by the <a href="/wiki/A62_autoroute" title="A62 autoroute">A62</a>, and with Spain by the <a href="/wiki/A63_autoroute" title="A63 autoroute">A63</a>. There is a 45 km (28 mi) <a href="/wiki/Beltway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beltway">ring road</a> called the "<a href="/wiki/Rocade_de_Bordeaux" title="Rocade de Bordeaux">Rocade</a>" which is often very busy. Another ring road is under consideration. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pont_d%27Aquitaine,_Bordeaux.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pont_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.JPG/200px-Pont_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3526" data-file-height="2672"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 152px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pont_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.JPG/200px-Pont_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.JPG" data-width="200" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pont_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.JPG/300px-Pont_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pont_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.JPG/400px-Pont_d%27Aquitaine%2C_Bordeaux.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pont_d%27Aquitaine" title="Pont d'Aquitaine">Pont d'Aquitaine</a></figcaption></figure> Bordeaux has five road bridges that cross the <a href="/wiki/Garonne" title="Garonne">Garonne</a>, the Pont de pierre built in the 1820s and three modern bridges built after 1960: the Pont Saint Jean, just south of the Pont de pierre (both located downtown), the <a href="/wiki/Pont_d%27Aquitaine" title="Pont d'Aquitaine">Pont d'Aquitaine</a>, a suspension bridge downstream from downtown, and the Pont François Mitterrand, located upstream of downtown. These two bridges are part of the ring-road around Bordeaux. A fifth bridge, the <a href="/wiki/Pont_Jacques-Chaban-Delmas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pont Jacques-Chaban-Delmas">Pont Jacques-Chaban-Delmas</a>, was constructed in 2009–2012 and opened to traffic in March 2013. Located halfway between the Pont de pierre and the Pont d'Aquitaine and serving downtown rather than highway traffic, it is a <a href="/wiki/Vertical-lift_bridge" title="Vertical-lift bridge">vertical-lift bridge</a> with a height in closed position comparable to that of Pont de pierre, and to the Pont d'Aquitaine when open. All five road bridges, including the two highway bridges, are open to cyclists and pedestrians as well. Another bridge, the Pont Jean-Jacques Bosc, is to be built in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Lacking any steep hills, Bordeaux is relatively friendly to cyclists. Cycle paths (separate from the roadways) exist on the highway bridges, along the riverfront, on the university campuses, and incidentally elsewhere in the city. <a href="/wiki/Bike_lane" title="Bike lane">Cycle lanes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bus_lane" title="Bus lane">bus lanes</a> that explicitly allow cyclists exist on many of the city's boulevards. A paid <a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">bicycle-sharing system</a> with automated stations was established in 2010. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Rail" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_Gare_StJean_R01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bordeaux_Gare_StJean_R01.jpg/200px-Bordeaux_Gare_StJean_R01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3536" data-file-height="2576"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bordeaux_Gare_StJean_R01.jpg/200px-Bordeaux_Gare_StJean_R01.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bordeaux_Gare_StJean_R01.jpg/300px-Bordeaux_Gare_StJean_R01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bordeaux_Gare_StJean_R01.jpg/400px-Bordeaux_Gare_StJean_R01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Bordeaux_Saint-Jean" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean">Gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean</a></figcaption></figure> The main railway station, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Bordeaux_Saint-Jean" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean">Gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean</a>, near the center of the city, has 12 million passengers a year. It is served by the French national (<a href="/wiki/SNCF" title="SNCF">SNCF</a>) railway's high speed train, the <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a>, that gets to Paris in two hours, with connections to major European centers such as <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, Brussels, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, Geneva and London. The TGV also serves <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irun" title="Irun">Irun</a> (Spain) from Bordeaux. A regular train service is provided to <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>, Nice, <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>. The Gare Saint-Jean is the major hub for regional trains (<a href="/wiki/Transport_express_r%C3%A9gional" title="Transport express régional">TER</a>) operated by the SNCF to <a href="/wiki/Arcachon" title="Arcachon">Arcachon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigueux" title="Périgueux">Périgueux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langon,_Gironde" title="Langon, Gironde">Langon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a>, Le Médoc, Angoulême and <a href="/wiki/Bayonne" title="Bayonne">Bayonne</a>. Historically the train line used to terminate at a station on the right bank of the river Garonne near the Pont de Pierre, and passengers crossed the bridge to get into the city. Subsequently, a double-track steel railway bridge was constructed in the 1850s, by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Eiffel" title="Gustave Eiffel">Gustave Eiffel</a>, to bring trains across the river direct into Gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean. The old station was later converted and in 2010 comprised a cinema and restaurants. The two-track Eiffel bridge with a speed limit of 30 km/h (19 mph) became a bottleneck and a new bridge was built, opening in 2009. The new bridge has four tracks and allows trains to pass at 60 km/h (37 mph).<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> During the planning there was much lobbying by the Eiffel family and other supporters to preserve the old bridge as a footbridge across the Garonne, with possibly a museum to document the history of the bridge and Gustave Eiffel's contribution. The decision was taken to save the bridge, but by early 2010 no plans had been announced as to its future use. The bridge remains intact, but unused and without any means of access. The <a href="/wiki/LGV_Sud_Europe_Atlantique" title="LGV Sud Europe Atlantique">LGV Sud Europe Atlantique</a> became fully operational in July 2017, shortening the journey time from Bordeaux city to Paris to 2hrs 4mins. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Air" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tour_Bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Tour_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-Tour_Bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="371"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Tour_Bordeaux.jpg/200px-Tour_Bordeaux.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Tour_Bordeaux.jpg/300px-Tour_Bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Tour_Bordeaux.jpg/400px-Tour_Bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux%E2%80%93M%C3%A9rignac_Airport" title="Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport">Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport</a></figcaption></figure> Bordeaux is served by <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux%E2%80%93M%C3%A9rignac_Airport" title="Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport">Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport</a>, located 8 km (5.0 mi) from the city centre in the suburban city of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rignac,_Gironde" title="Mérignac, Gironde">Mérignac</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trams,_buses_and_boats">Trams, buses and boats</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Trams, buses and boats" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_tram_kruising_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bordeaux_tram_kruising_I.jpg/200px-Bordeaux_tram_kruising_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bordeaux_tram_kruising_I.jpg/200px-Bordeaux_tram_kruising_I.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bordeaux_tram_kruising_I.jpg/300px-Bordeaux_tram_kruising_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bordeaux_tram_kruising_I.jpg/400px-Bordeaux_tram_kruising_I.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tramway_de_Bordeaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Tramway de Bordeaux">Tramway de Bordeaux</a></figcaption></figure> Bordeaux has an important public transport system called <a href="/wiki/Transports_Bordeaux_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Transports Bordeaux Métropole">Transports Bordeaux Métropole</a> (TBM). This company is run by the Keolis group. The network consists of: <ul><li>Four <a href="/wiki/Tramway_de_Bordeaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Tramway de Bordeaux">tram lines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_Tramway_Line_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Bordeaux Tramway Line A">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_Tramway_Line_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Bordeaux Tramway Line B">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_Tramway_Line_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Bordeaux Tramway Line C">C</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_Tramway_Line_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Bordeaux Tramway Line D">D</a>)</li> <li>75 <a href="/wiki/Bus_lines_in_Bordeaux" title="Bus lines in Bordeaux">bus routes</a>, all connected to the tramway network (from 1 to 96)</li> <li>13 night bus routes (from 1 to 16)</li> <li>An <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">electric bus</a> shuttle in the city centre</li> <li>A boat shuttle on the Garonne river</li></ul> This network is operated from 5 am to 2 am. There had been several plans for a subway network to be set up, but they stalled for both geological and financial reasons. Work on the <a href="/wiki/Tramway_de_Bordeaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Tramway de Bordeaux">Tramway de Bordeaux</a> system was started in the autumn of 2000, and services started in December 2003 connecting Bordeaux with its suburban areas. The tram system uses <a href="/wiki/Alstom_APS" title="Alstom APS">Alstom APS</a> a form of <a href="/wiki/Ground-level_power_supply" title="Ground-level power supply">ground-level power supply</a> technology developed by French company <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a> and designed to preserve the aesthetic environment by eliminating overhead cables in the historic city. Conventional overhead cables are used outside the city. The system was controversial for its considerable cost of installation, maintenance and also for the numerous initial technical problems that paralysed the network. Many streets and squares along the tramway route became pedestrian areas, with <a href="/wiki/Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">limited access</a> for cars. The Bordeaux Tramway system reached the Mérignac airport on April 29th 2023 with the opening of a 5-km extension of Line A.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxis">Taxis</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Taxis" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> There are more than 400 <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxicabs</a> in Bordeaux.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transportation_statistics">Public transportation statistics</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Public transportation statistics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Bordeaux, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 51 min. 12.% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 13 min, while 15.5% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 7 km (4.3 mi), while 8% travel for over 12 km (7.5 mi) in a single direction.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Sport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_Stade_Lescure_entr%C3%A9e.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bordeaux_Stade_Lescure_entr%C3%A9e.JPG/220px-Bordeaux_Stade_Lescure_entr%C3%A9e.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bordeaux_Stade_Lescure_entr%C3%A9e.JPG/220px-Bordeaux_Stade_Lescure_entr%C3%A9e.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bordeaux_Stade_Lescure_entr%C3%A9e.JPG/330px-Bordeaux_Stade_Lescure_entr%C3%A9e.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bordeaux_Stade_Lescure_entr%C3%A9e.JPG/440px-Bordeaux_Stade_Lescure_entr%C3%A9e.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Stade_Chaban-Delmas" title="Stade Chaban-Delmas">Stade Chaban-Delmas</a></figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bordeaux" title="Special:EditPage/Bordeaux">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (March 2018) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nouveau_stade_de_Bordeaux_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Nouveau_stade_de_Bordeaux_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Nouveau_stade_de_Bordeaux_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="890"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 96px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Nouveau_stade_de_Bordeaux_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Nouveau_stade_de_Bordeaux_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="96" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Nouveau_stade_de_Bordeaux_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Nouveau_stade_de_Bordeaux_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Nouveau_stade_de_Bordeaux_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Nouveau_stade_de_Bordeaux_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_Stade_de_Bordeaux" title="Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux">Matmut Atlantique stadium</a></figcaption></figure> The 41,458-capacity <a href="/wiki/Nouveau_Stade_de_Bordeaux" title="Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux">Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux</a> is the largest stadium in Bordeaux. The stadium was opened in 2015 and replaced the <a href="/wiki/Stade_Chaban-Delmas" title="Stade Chaban-Delmas">Stade Chaban-Delmas</a>, which was a venue for the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> in 1938 and 1998, as well as the <a href="/wiki/2007_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2007 Rugby World Cup">2007 Rugby World Cup</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/1938_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1938 FIFA World Cup">1938 FIFA World Cup</a>, it hosted a violent quarter-final known as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bordeaux_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Bordeaux (football)">Battle of Bordeaux</a>. The ground was formerly known as the Stade du Parc Lescure until 2001, when it was renamed in honour of the city's long-time mayor, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chaban-Delmas" title="Jacques Chaban-Delmas">Jacques Chaban-Delmas</a>. There are two major sport teams in Bordeaux, <a href="/wiki/FC_Girondins_de_Bordeaux" title="FC Girondins de Bordeaux">Girondins de Bordeaux</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> team who, following administrative relegation, currently play in <a href="/wiki/Championnat_National_2" title="Championnat National 2">Championnat National 2</a>, the fourth tier of <a href="/wiki/French_football_league_system" title="French football league system">French football</a>. They are one of the most successful clubs in France, with six <a href="/wiki/Ligue_1" title="Ligue 1">Division 1/Ligue 1</a> titles. <a href="/wiki/Union_Bordeaux_B%C3%A8gles" title="Union Bordeaux Bègles">Union Bordeaux Bègles</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby</a> team in the <a href="/wiki/Top_14" title="Top 14">Top 14</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Rugby_League_(France)" title="National Rugby League (France)">Ligue Nationale de Rugby</a>. Skateboarding, rollerblading, and BMX biking are activities enjoyed by many young inhabitants of the city. Bordeaux is home to a quay which runs along the Garonne river. On the quay there is a skate-park divided into three sections. One section is for Vert tricks, one for street style tricks, and one for little action sports athletes with easier features and softer materials. The skate-park is very well maintained by the municipality. Other sports clubs include top flight ice hockey team <a href="/wiki/Boxers_de_Bordeaux" title="Boxers de Bordeaux">Boxers de Bordeaux</a> and third-tier basketball team <a href="/wiki/JSA_Bordeaux_Basket" title="JSA Bordeaux Basket">JSA Bordeaux Basket</a> Bordeaux is also the home to one of the strongest <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> teams in France and are champions of the South West League. There is a 250 m (820 ft) wooden <a href="/wiki/Velodrome" title="Velodrome">velodrome</a>, Vélodrome du Lac, in Bordeaux which hosts international cycling competition in the form of <a href="/wiki/UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Cup_Classics" class="mw-redirect" title="UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics">UCI Track Cycling World Cup</a> events. The 2015 Trophee Eric Bompard was in Bordeaux. But the Free Skate was cancelled in all of the divisions due to the Paris bombing(s) and aftermath. The Short Program occurred hours before the bombing. French skaters Chafik Besseghier (68.36) in tenth place, Romain Ponsart (62.86) in 11th. Mae-Berenice-Meite (46.82) in 11th and Laurine Lecavelier (46.53) in 12th. Vanessa James/Morgan Cipres (65.75) in second. Between 1951 and 1955, an annual Formula 1 motor race was held on a 2.5-kilometre circuit which looped around the Esplanade des Quinconces and along the waterfront, attracting drivers such as <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Fangio" title="Juan Manuel Fangio">Juan Manuel Fangio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Moss" title="Stirling Moss">Stirling Moss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Behra" title="Jean Behra">Jean Behra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Trintignant" title="Maurice Trintignant">Maurice Trintignant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Notable people" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ausonius.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ausonius"><noscript><img alt="Ausonius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ausonius.jpg/273px-Ausonius.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 182px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ausonius.jpg/273px-Ausonius.jpg" data-alt="Ausonius" data-width="182" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Ausonius.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ausonius" title="Ausonius">Ausonius</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthony_Frederick_Sandys_-_Queen_Eleanor.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine"><noscript><img alt="Eleanor of Aquitaine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Anthony_Frederick_Sandys_-_Queen_Eleanor.JPG/220px-Anthony_Frederick_Sandys_-_Queen_Eleanor.JPG" decoding="async" width="147" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="1815"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 147px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Anthony_Frederick_Sandys_-_Queen_Eleanor.JPG/220px-Anthony_Frederick_Sandys_-_Queen_Eleanor.JPG" data-alt="Eleanor of Aquitaine" data-width="147" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Anthony_Frederick_Sandys_-_Queen_Eleanor.JPG/330px-Anthony_Frederick_Sandys_-_Queen_Eleanor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Anthony_Frederick_Sandys_-_Queen_Eleanor.JPG/440px-Anthony_Frederick_Sandys_-_Queen_Eleanor.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_II_King_of_England.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Richard II of England"><noscript><img alt="Richard II of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Richard_II_King_of_England.jpg/220px-Richard_II_King_of_England.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="380"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 147px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Richard_II_King_of_England.jpg/220px-Richard_II_King_of_England.jpg" data-alt="Richard II of England" data-width="147" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Richard_II_King_of_England.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II of England</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 157.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Montaigne-Dumonstier.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Michel de Montaigne"><noscript><img alt="Michel de Montaigne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Montaigne-Dumonstier.jpg/233px-Montaigne-Dumonstier.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 156px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Montaigne-Dumonstier.jpg/233px-Montaigne-Dumonstier.jpg" data-alt="Michel de Montaigne" data-width="156" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Montaigne-Dumonstier.jpg/349px-Montaigne-Dumonstier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Montaigne-Dumonstier.jpg/465px-Montaigne-Dumonstier.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Michel de Montaigne</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Joana_Francisca_de_Chantal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sainte Jeanne de Lestonnac"><noscript><img alt="Sainte Jeanne de Lestonnac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Santa_Joana_Francisca_de_Chantal.jpg/202px-Santa_Joana_Francisca_de_Chantal.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 135px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Santa_Joana_Francisca_de_Chantal.jpg/202px-Santa_Joana_Francisca_de_Chantal.jpg" data-alt="Sainte Jeanne de Lestonnac" data-width="135" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Santa_Joana_Francisca_de_Chantal.jpg/303px-Santa_Joana_Francisca_de_Chantal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Santa_Joana_Francisca_de_Chantal.jpg/404px-Santa_Joana_Francisca_de_Chantal.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_de_Lestonnac" title="Jeanne de Lestonnac">Sainte Jeanne de Lestonnac</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 167.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Montesquieu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Montesquieu"><noscript><img alt="Montesquieu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Charles_Montesquieu.jpg/248px-Charles_Montesquieu.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="909"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 166px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Charles_Montesquieu.jpg/248px-Charles_Montesquieu.jpg" data-alt="Montesquieu" data-width="166" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Charles_Montesquieu.jpg/372px-Charles_Montesquieu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Charles_Montesquieu.jpg/496px-Charles_Montesquieu.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosa_Bonheur,_1865,_wearing_the_Legion_of_Honour.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rosa Bonheur"><noscript><img alt="Rosa Bonheur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Rosa_Bonheur%2C_1865%2C_wearing_the_Legion_of_Honour.jpg/223px-Rosa_Bonheur%2C_1865%2C_wearing_the_Legion_of_Honour.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="1225"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 149px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Rosa_Bonheur%2C_1865%2C_wearing_the_Legion_of_Honour.jpg/223px-Rosa_Bonheur%2C_1865%2C_wearing_the_Legion_of_Honour.jpg" data-alt="Rosa Bonheur" data-width="149" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Rosa_Bonheur%2C_1865%2C_wearing_the_Legion_of_Honour.jpg/334px-Rosa_Bonheur%2C_1865%2C_wearing_the_Legion_of_Honour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Rosa_Bonheur%2C_1865%2C_wearing_the_Legion_of_Honour.jpg/446px-Rosa_Bonheur%2C_1865%2C_wearing_the_Legion_of_Honour.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Bonheur" title="Rosa Bonheur">Rosa Bonheur</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 157.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:095_Odilon_Redon_Mon_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Odilon Redon"><noscript><img alt="Odilon Redon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/095_Odilon_Redon_Mon_portrait.jpg/233px-095_Odilon_Redon_Mon_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="2052"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 156px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/095_Odilon_Redon_Mon_portrait.jpg/233px-095_Odilon_Redon_Mon_portrait.jpg" data-alt="Odilon Redon" data-width="156" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/095_Odilon_Redon_Mon_portrait.jpg/349px-095_Odilon_Redon_Mon_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/095_Odilon_Redon_Mon_portrait.jpg/465px-095_Odilon_Redon_Mon_portrait.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Odilon Redon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Self-Portrait_Albert_Marquet_(1904).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albert Marquet"><noscript><img alt="Albert Marquet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Self-Portrait_Albert_Marquet_%281904%29.jpg/252px-Self-Portrait_Albert_Marquet_%281904%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1220"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 168px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Self-Portrait_Albert_Marquet_%281904%29.jpg/252px-Self-Portrait_Albert_Marquet_%281904%29.jpg" data-alt="Albert Marquet" data-width="168" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Self-Portrait_Albert_Marquet_%281904%29.jpg/378px-Self-Portrait_Albert_Marquet_%281904%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Self-Portrait_Albert_Marquet_%281904%29.jpg/504px-Self-Portrait_Albert_Marquet_%281904%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Marquet" title="Albert Marquet">Albert Marquet</a></div> </li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ausonius" title="Ausonius">Ausonius</a> (310–395), Roman poet and teacher of rhetoric</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Alaux" title="Jean Alaux">Jean Alaux</a> (1786–1864), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Andrieu" title="Bertrand Andrieu">Bertrand Andrieu</a> (1761–1822), engraver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Anouilh" title="Jean Anouilh">Jean Anouilh</a> (1910–1987), dramatist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Arman" title="Lucien Arman">Lucien Arman</a> (1811–1873), shipbuilder and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Arnaud" title="Yvonne Arnaud">Yvonne Arnaud</a> (1892–1958), pianist, singer and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Arnozan" title="Xavier Arnozan">Xavier Arnozan</a> (1852–1928), physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Ayit%C3%A9" title="Floyd Ayité">Floyd Ayité</a> (born 1988), Togolese footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Ayit%C3%A9" title="Jonathan Ayité">Jonathan Ayité</a> (born 1985), Togolese footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Barri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Baptiste Barrière">Jean-Baptiste Barrière</a> (1707–1747), cellist, composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Bayo" title="Gérard Bayo">Gérard Bayo</a> (born 1936), writer and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bertheroy" title="Jean Bertheroy">Jean Bertheroy</a> (1858-1927), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bigot" title="François Bigot">François Bigot</a> (1703–1778), last "Intendant" of New France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Binard" title="Arnaud Binard">Arnaud Binard</a> (born 1971), actor and producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Bonheur" title="Rosa Bonheur">Rosa Bonheur</a> (1822–1899), animal painter and sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9gory_Bourdy" title="Grégory Bourdy">Grégory Bourdy</a> (born 1982), golfer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Boutal" title="Samuel Boutal">Samuel Boutal</a> (born 1969), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Caffarel" title="Alice Caffarel">Alice Caffarel</a> (born 1961), linguist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_de_Caillou" title="Edmond de Caillou">Edmond de Caillou</a> (died c. February 1316) Gascon knight fighting in Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rald_Causs%C3%A9" title="Gérald Caussé">Gérald Caussé</a>, Presiding Bishop of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Chasseriau" title="Leopold Chasseriau">Leopold Chasseriau</a> (1825–1891), planter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cl%C3%A9ment" title="René Clément">René Clément</a> (1913–1996), actor, director, writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Ren%C3%A9_Cruchet" title="Jean-René Cruchet">Jean-René Cruchet</a> (1875–1959), pathologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Cubero_S%C3%A1nchez" title="José Cubero Sánchez">José Cubero Sánchez</a> (1964–1985), Spanish <a href="/wiki/Bullfighter" title="Bullfighter">bullfighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Cyrulnik" title="Boris Cyrulnik">Boris Cyrulnik</a> (born 1937), psychiatrist and psychoanalyst</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Louise_Damien" title="Marie-Louise Damien">Damia</a> (1899–1978), singer and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_No%C3%ABl_Damilaville" title="Étienne Noël Damilaville">Étienne Noël Damilaville</a> (1723–1768), <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9distes" title="Encyclopédistes">encyclopédiste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lili_Damita" title="Lili Damita">Lili Damita</a> (1901–1994), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Daquin" title="Frédéric Daquin">Frédéric Daquin</a>, (born 1978), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danielle_Darrieux" title="Danielle Darrieux">Danielle Darrieux</a> (1917–2017), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Delvaille" title="Bernard Delvaille">Bernard Delvaille</a> (1931–2006), poet, essayist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Diop" title="David Diop">David Diop</a> (1927–1960), poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Francois_Domergue" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Francois Domergue">Jean-Francois Domergue</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a> (1122–1204), duchess of Aquitaine, queen of France and queen of England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Jacques Ellul</a> (1912–1994), sociologist, theologian, Christian anarchist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Eustache" title="Jean Eustache">Jean Eustache</a> (1938–1981), <a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">Nouvelle Vague</a> director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Fel" title="Marie Fel">Marie Fel</a> (1713–1794), opera singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Fournet" title="Jean-Luc Fournet">Jean-Luc Fournet</a> (1965), papyrologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Jean_Garat" title="Pierre-Jean Garat">Pierre-Jean Garat</a> (1762–1823), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Gensonn%C3%A9" title="Armand Gensonné">Armand Gensonné</a> (1758–1793), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Gervais" title="Sébastien Gervais">Sébastien Gervais</a> (born 1976), professional footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Girard" title="Stephen Girard">Stephen Girard</a> (1750–1831), merchant, banker, and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> philanthropist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gnako" title="Jérôme Gnako">Jérôme Gnako</a> (born 1968), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolphe_Gohi" title="Randolphe Gohi">Randolphe Gohi</a> (born 1969), former professional footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Goossens,_fils" title="Eugène Goossens, fils">Eugène Goossens</a> (1867–1958), conductor, violinist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Hamilton" title="Anna Hamilton">Anna Hamilton</a> (1864–1935), doctor, superintendent of the Protestant Hospital at Bordeaux (1901–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Jacquies" title="Adolphe Jacquies">Adolphe Jacquies</a> (c. 1798–1860), Canadian shopkeeper, printer, trade unionist, and newspaper publisher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lacour" title="Pierre Lacour">Pierre Lacour</a> (1745–1814), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_Lafleurance" title="Léopold Lafleurance">Léopold Lafleurance</a> (1865–1953), flautist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henri_Joachim_Lain%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Henri Joachim Lainé">Joseph Henri Joachim Lainé</a> (1767–1835), statesman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_de_Lestonnac" title="Jeanne de Lestonnac">Sainte Jeanne de Lestonnac</a> (1556–1640), Roman Catholic saint and foundress of the <a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Company_of_Mary,_Our_Lady" title="Sisters of the Company of Mary, Our Lady">Sisters of the Company of Mary, Our Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Lestrade" title="Christophe Lestrade">Christophe Lestrade</a> (born 1969), former professional footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lhote" title="André Lhote">André Lhote</a> (1885–1962), cubist painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Henriette_Louis" title="Jeanne Henriette Louis">Jeanne Henriette Louis</a>, (1938), professor of North American civilization</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lynch" title="Jean-Baptiste Lynch">Jean-Baptiste Lynch</a> (1749–1835), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucenzo" title="Lucenzo">Lucenzo</a> (born 1983), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Magendie" title="Jean-Jacques Magendie">Jean-Jacques Magendie</a> (1766–1835), officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Magendie" title="François Magendie">François Magendie</a> (1783–1855), physiologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Marie-Rose" title="Bruno Marie-Rose">Bruno Marie-Rose</a> (born 1965), athlete (sprinter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Marquet" title="Albert Marquet">Albert Marquet</a>, (1875–1947), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a> (1885–1970), writer, Nobel laureate 1952</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Millepied" title="Benjamin Millepied">Benjamin Millepied</a> (born 1977), dancer and choreographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Molinaro" title="Édouard Molinaro">Édouard Molinaro</a> (1928–2013), film director, screenwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Molinier" title="Pierre Molinier">Pierre Molinier</a> (1900–1976), painter, photographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Michel de Montaigne</a> (1533–1592), essayist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a> (1689–1755), man of letters and political philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Mony" title="Olivier Mony">Olivier Mony</a> (1966–), writer and literary critic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Marie_Antoine_Champion_de_Nansouty" title="Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty">Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty</a> (1768–1815), general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elie_Okobo" class="mw-redirect" title="Elie Okobo">Elie Okobo</a>, basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Palmade" title="Pierre Palmade">Pierre Palmade</a> (born 1968), actor and comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulinus_of_Nola" title="Paulinus of Nola">St. Paulinus of Nola</a> (354–431), educator, religious figure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_P%C3%A9reire" class="mw-redirect" title="Émile Péreire">Émile Péreire</a> (1800–1875), banker and industrialist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_P%C3%A9tronin" title="Sophie Pétronin">Sophie Pétronin</a> (born 1945), aid worker and humanitarian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Pitres" title="Albert Pitres">Albert Pitres</a> (1848–1928), neurologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Pradelles" title="Hippolyte Pradelles">Hippolyte Pradelles</a> (1824–1913), naturalist painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Rayet" title="Georges Rayet">Georges Antoine Pons Rayet</a> (1839–1906), astronomer, discoverer of the Wolf-Rayet stars, & founder of the Bordeaux Observatory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Odilon Redon</a> (1840–1916), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II of England</a> (1367–1400), king</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Rode" title="Pierre Rode">Pierre Rode</a> (1774–1830), violinist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olinde_Rodrigues" title="Olinde Rodrigues">Olinde Rodrigues</a> (1795–1851), mathematician, banker and social reformer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Sabine_Roger" title="Marie-Sabine Roger">Marie-Sabine Roger</a> (born 1957), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenie_Santa_Coloma_Sourget" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugenie Santa Coloma Sourget">Eugenie Santa Coloma Sourget</a> (1827–1895), composer, pianist and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Sarrette" title="Bernard Sarrette">Bernard Sarrette</a> (1765–1858), conductor and music pedagogue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Semp%C3%A9" title="Jean-Jacques Sempé">Jean-Jacques Sempé</a> (1932–2022), cartoonist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florent_Serra" title="Florent Serra">Florent Serra</a> (born 1981), tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Smith_(artist)" title="Alfred Smith (artist)">Alfred Smith</a>, (1854–1932), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soko_(singer)" title="Soko (singer)">Soko</a> (born 1985), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Sollers" title="Philippe Sollers">Philippe Sollers</a>, (born 1936), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Tekovi" title="Wilfried Tekovi">Wilfried Tekovi</a>, (born 1989), Togolese footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elie_Vinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Elie Vinet">Elie Vinet</a> (1509–1587), historian and humanist of the Renaissance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Siao_Him_Fa" title="Adam Siao Him Fa">Adam Siao Him Fa</a>, (born 2001), professional figure skater</li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="International_relationships">International relationships</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: International relationships" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alain_Jupp%C3%A9,_Parc_Bordeaux_Ashdod,_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9%2C_Parc_Bordeaux_Ashdod%2C_Israel.jpg/170px-Alain_Jupp%C3%A9%2C_Parc_Bordeaux_Ashdod%2C_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="198" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="780"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 198px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9%2C_Parc_Bordeaux_Ashdod%2C_Israel.jpg/170px-Alain_Jupp%C3%A9%2C_Parc_Bordeaux_Ashdod%2C_Israel.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="198" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9%2C_Parc_Bordeaux_Ashdod%2C_Israel.jpg/255px-Alain_Jupp%C3%A9%2C_Parc_Bordeaux_Ashdod%2C_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9%2C_Parc_Bordeaux_Ashdod%2C_Israel.jpg/340px-Alain_Jupp%C3%A9%2C_Parc_Bordeaux_Ashdod%2C_Israel.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor</a> of Bordeaux, visiting the twin town of <a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3290.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3290.jpg/225px-Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3290.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 225px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3290.jpg/225px-Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3290.jpg" data-width="225" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3290.jpg/338px-Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3290.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3290.jpg/450px-Parc_floral_de_Bordeaux_3290.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> pavilion at the Parc floral de Bordeaux</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities">Twin towns – sister cities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Bordeaux is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_3-75">[74]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><noscript><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" data-alt="Israel" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a>, Israel, since 1984<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><noscript><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" data-alt="Spain" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>, Spain<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><noscript><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" data-alt="Azerbaijan" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, Azerbaijan, since 1985<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Azerbaijan_twinnings-76">[75]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><noscript><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="United Kingdom" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, United Kingdom, since 1947<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bristol-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Archant_twinning-78">[77]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><noscript><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" data-alt="Morocco" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>, Morocco, since 1988<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><noscript><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" data-alt="Japan" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a>, Japan, since 1982<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><noscript><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" data-alt="Poland" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, Poland, since 1993<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Krak%C3%B3w_partnerships-79">[78]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><noscript><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" data-alt="Peru" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, Peru, since 1957<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><noscript><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="United States" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California United States, since 1968<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Los_Angeles_sisters-80">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><noscript><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" data-alt="Spain" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain, since 1984<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><noscript><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="Germany" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany, since 1964<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Munich_twinnings-81">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><noscript><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" data-alt="Algeria" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran</a>, Algeria, since 2003<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><noscript><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" data-alt="Portugal" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, Portugal, since 1978<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Porto_International-82">[81]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><noscript><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" data-alt="Canada" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>, Quebec Canada, since 1962<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><noscript><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" data-alt="State of Palestine" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, Palestine<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><noscript><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" data-alt="Latvia" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, Latvia<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><noscript><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" data-alt="Russia" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia, since 1993<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-saint_petersburg-84">[83]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><noscript><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="China" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, China, since 1998<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnerships">Partnerships</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Partnerships" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><noscript><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" data-alt="Turkey" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Samsun</a>, Turkey, since 2010<a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings_2-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_history" title="Atlantic history">Atlantic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_wine_regions" title="Bordeaux wine regions">Bordeaux wine regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux%E2%80%93Paris" title="Bordeaux–Paris">Bordeaux–Paris</a>, a formerly professional <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">road bicycle racing</a> annual event</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Burdigalian" title="Burdigalian">Burdigalian</a> Age of the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> Epoch is named for Bordeaux</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canel%C3%A9" title="Canelé">Canelé</a>, a local pastry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Gironde_department" title="Communes of the Gironde department">Communes of the Gironde department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogue_de_Bordeaux" title="Dogue de Bordeaux">Dogue de Bordeaux</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Dog_breed" title="Dog breed">breed</a> of dog originally bred for <a href="/wiki/Dog_fighting" title="Dog fighting">dog fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_wine" title="French wine">French wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girondins" title="Girondins">Girondins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">History of slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Bordeaux" title="List of mayors of Bordeaux">List of mayors of Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Frankton" title="Operation Frankton">Operation Frankton</a>, a British <a href="/wiki/Combined_Operations_Headquarters" title="Combined Operations Headquarters">Combined Operations</a> raid on shipping in the harbour at Bordeaux, in December 1942, during World War II</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Bordeaux" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bordeaux">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bordeaux</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. Note that an immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120062743/http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&classofcontent=presentationStandard&id=6931">"Bordeaux : Découvrir Bordeaux – Histoire de Bordeaux"</a>. 20 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&classofcontent=presentationStandard&id=6931">the original</a> on 20 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bordeaux+%3A+D%C3%A9couvrir+Bordeaux+%E2%80%93+Histoire+de+Bordeaux&rft.date=2013-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bordeaux.fr%2Febx%2FpgPresStand8.psml%3F_nfpb%3Dtrue%26_pageLabel%3DpgPresStand8%26classofcontent%3DpresentationStandard%26id%3D6931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a> (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200628030259/https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.pub=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=UU2020-33701">"Comparateur de territoire – Unité urbaine 2020 de Bordeaux (33701)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008130105/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=UU2020-33701">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparateur+de+territoire+%E2%80%93+Unit%C3%A9+urbaine+2020+de+Bordeaux+%2833701%29&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F1405599%3Fgeo%3DUU2020-33701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-006">"Comparateur de territoire – Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Bordeaux (006)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307230441/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-006">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparateur+de+territoire+%E2%80%93+Aire+d%27attraction+des+villes+2020+de+Bordeaux+%28006%29&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F1405599%3Fgeo%3DAAV2020-006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-5"><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-33063">"Populations légales 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7725600%3Fgeo%3DCOM-33063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UU_pop-6"><a href="#cite_ref-UU_pop_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-220866,5695514,313581,189636&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=33701&t=A01&view=map12">"Statistiques locales – Bordeaux : Unité urbaine 2020 – Population municipale 2020"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004346/https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-220866,5695514,313581,189636&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=33701&t=A01&view=map12">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistiques+locales+%E2%80%93+Bordeaux+%3A+Unit%C3%A9+urbaine+2020+%E2%80%93+Population+municipale+2020&rft.au=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistiques-locales.insee.fr%2F%23bbox%3D-220866%2C5695514%2C313581%2C189636%26c%3Dindicator%26i%3Dpop_legales.popmun%26s%3D2020%26selcodgeo%3D33701%26t%3DA01%26view%3Dmap12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAV_pop-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAV_pop_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAV_pop_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAV_pop_7-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-220866,5695514,313581,189636&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=006&t=A01&view=map13">"Statistiques locales – Bordeaux : Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 – Population municipale 2020"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004346/https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-220866,5695514,313581,189636&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=006&t=A01&view=map13">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistiques+locales+%E2%80%93+Bordeaux+%3A+Aire+d%27attraction+des+villes+2020+%E2%80%93+Population+municipale+2020&rft.au=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistiques-locales.insee.fr%2F%23bbox%3D-220866%2C5695514%2C313581%2C189636%26c%3Dindicator%26i%3Dpop_legales.popmun%26s%3D2020%26selcodgeo%3D006%26t%3DA01%26view%3Dmap13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-population-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-population_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-population_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-population_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-population_8-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3698339">"Historique des populations communales – Recensements de la population 1876–2020"</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220221185511/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3698339">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historique+des+populations+communales+%E2%80%93+Recensements+de+la+population+1876%E2%80%932020&rft.au=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F3698339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metropolis-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Metropolis_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-206354,5677024,263644,145195&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=243300316&t=A01&view=map4">"Statistiques locales – Bordeaux Métropole : Intercommunalité 2021 – Population municipale 2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004346/https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-206354,5677024,263644,145195&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=243300316&t=A01&view=map4">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistiques+locales+%E2%80%93+Bordeaux+M%C3%A9tropole+%3A+Intercommunalit%C3%A9+2021+%E2%80%93+Population+municipale+2020&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistiques-locales.insee.fr%2F%23bbox%3D-206354%2C5677024%2C263644%2C145195%26c%3Dindicator%26i%3Dpop_legales.popmun%26s%3D2020%26selcodgeo%3D243300316%26t%3DA01%26view%3Dmap4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShurvell" class="citation web cs1">Shurvell, Joanne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/joanneshurvell/2019/07/31/five-reasons-to-visit-the-worlds-wine-capital-bordeaux/">"Five Reasons to Visit the World's Wine Capital, Bordeaux"</a>. Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201106181937/https://www.forbes.com/sites/joanneshurvell/2019/07/31/five-reasons-to-visit-the-worlds-wine-capital-bordeaux/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Five+Reasons+to+Visit+the+World%27s+Wine+Capital%2C+Bordeaux&rft.aulast=Shurvell&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjoanneshurvell%2F2019%2F07%2F31%2Ffive-reasons-to-visit-the-worlds-wine-capital-bordeaux%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.fr/20170615/bordeaux-beats-paris-and-lyon-to-first-place-on-list-of-frances-best-cities-for-restaurants">"New survey ranks France's best cities for restaurants (and Paris is not top)"</a>. www.thelocal.fr. 15 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104093507/https://www.thelocal.fr/20170615/bordeaux-beats-paris-and-lyon-to-first-place-on-list-of-frances-best-cities-for-restaurants">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+survey+ranks+France%27s+best+cities+for+restaurants+%28and+Paris+is+not+top%29&rft.pub=www.thelocal.fr&rft.date=2017-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.fr%2F20170615%2Fbordeaux-beats-paris-and-lyon-to-first-place-on-list-of-frances-best-cities-for-restaurants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investirlmnp.fr/actualites/classement-2019-des-villes-etudiantes-les-plus-importantes-en-france-146">"Classement 2019 des villes étudiantes les plus importantes en France"</a>. www.investirlmnp.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220404010642/https://www.investirlmnp.fr/actualites/classement-2019-des-villes-etudiantes-les-plus-importantes-en-france-146">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Classement+2019+des+villes+%C3%A9tudiantes+les+plus+importantes+en+France&rft.pub=www.investirlmnp.fr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investirlmnp.fr%2Factualites%2Fclassement-2019-des-villes-etudiantes-les-plus-importantes-en-france-146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bordeaux2030.fr/bordeaux-unesco/">"Bordeaux Unesco | Bordeaux 2030"</a>. www.bordeaux2030.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201103104343/http://www.bordeaux2030.fr/bordeaux-unesco/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bordeaux+Unesco+%7C+Bordeaux+2030&rft.pub=www.bordeaux2030.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bordeaux2030.fr%2Fbordeaux-unesco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAFP_Relax_News2015" class="citation web cs1">AFP Relax News (13 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://my.asiatatler.com/life/bordeaux-european-destination-of-the-year">"Bordeaux named European destination of the year"</a>. Tatler Malaysia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104155055/https://my.asiatatler.com/life/bordeaux-european-destination-of-the-year">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tatler+Malaysia&rft.atitle=Bordeaux+named+European+destination+of+the+year&rft.date=2015-02-13&rft.au=AFP+Relax+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.asiatatler.com%2Flife%2Fbordeaux-european-destination-of-the-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1256/">"Bordeaux, Port of the Moon"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070905195247/http://whc.unesco.org:80/en/list/1256/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bordeaux%2C+Port+of+the+Moon&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1256%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSivanMathisen" class="citation web cs1">Sivan, H.; Mathisen, R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/138248">"Places: 138248 (Burdigala)"</a>. Pleiades. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200918080522/https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/138248">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2020. 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Retrieved 29 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Burdigala+%28France%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanports.org%2Fen%2Fthe-ports%2F116-burdigala.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bordeaux">"Bordeaux"</a>. Encyclopaedia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200428135852/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bordeaux">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Bordeaux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBordeaux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Le duché de Bretagne et la politique Plantagenêt aux XII et XIII siecles, Judith Everard. ", in Marin Aurell and Noël-Yves Tonnerre éditeurs. Plantagenêts et Capétiens, confrontations et héritages, Poitiers. Brepols, 2006, Turnhout. Collection Histoires de famille. La parenté au Moyen Âge, p. 202 </li> <li id="cite_note-bordeaux-port.fr-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bordeaux-port.fr_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bordeaux-port.fr_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bordeaux-port.fr/en/port-bordeaux/history">"History | Port de Bordeaux"</a>. www.bordeaux-port.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215031446/https://www.bordeaux-port.fr/en/port-bordeaux/history">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bordeaux-port.fr&rft.atitle=History+%26%23124%3B+Port+de+Bordeaux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bordeaux-port.fr%2Fen%2Fport-bordeaux%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlanet" class="citation web cs1">Planet, Lonely. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/france/bordeaux/background/history/a/nar/5e51aa7a-15f6-47ad-8ad8-719613858dc0/359293">"History in Bordeaux, France"</a>. Lonely Planet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215031436/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/france/bordeaux/background/history/a/nar/5e51aa7a-15f6-47ad-8ad8-719613858dc0/359293">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lonely+Planet&rft.atitle=History+in+Bordeaux%2C+France&rft.aulast=Planet&rft.aufirst=Lonely&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Ffrance%2Fbordeaux%2Fbackground%2Fhistory%2Fa%2Fnar%2F5e51aa7a-15f6-47ad-8ad8-719613858dc0%2F359293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commanderie.org/showRegion.action">"Commanderie"</a>. www.commanderie.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203065355/https://www.commanderie.org/showRegion.action">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.commanderie.org&rft.atitle=Commanderie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commanderie.org%2FshowRegion.action&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Bordeaux struggles with slave past". <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. 28 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Bordeaux+struggles+with+slave+past&rft.date=2009-09-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-trading_and_slavery-24"><a href="#cite_ref-trading_and_slavery_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançoisBlockde_Cauna2018" class="citation book cs1">François, Hubert; Block, Christian; de Cauna, Jacques (2018). Bordeaux in the 18th century : trans-Atlantic trading and slavery (2nd ed.). Bordeaux: Le Festin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-36062-009-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-36062-009-8"><bdi>978-2-36062-009-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bordeaux+in+the+18th+century+%3A+trans-Atlantic+trading+and+slavery&rft.place=Bordeaux&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Le+Festin&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-2-36062-009-8&rft.aulast=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rft.au=Block%2C+Christian&rft.au=de+Cauna%2C+Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20200609-world-s-largest-digital-arts-centre-opens-in-bordeaux-submarine-base">"World's largest digital arts centre opens in Bordeaux submarine base"</a>. France 24. 9 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617071806/https://www.france24.com/en/20200609-world-s-largest-digital-arts-centre-opens-in-bordeaux-submarine-base">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=World%27s+largest+digital+arts+centre+opens+in+Bordeaux+submarine+base&rft.date=2020-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20200609-world-s-largest-digital-arts-centre-opens-in-bordeaux-submarine-base&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentre" class="citation web cs1">Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1256/">"Bordeaux, Port of the Moon"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027221056/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1256">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Bordeaux%2C+Port+of+the+Moon&rft.aulast=Centre&rft.aufirst=UNESCO+World+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1256%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1981-2010/bordeaux-merignac/valeurs/07510.html">"Normales et records pour la période 1981–2010 [données officielles] à Bordeaux-Mérignac"</a>. Infoclimat.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211105035127/https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1981-2010/bordeaux-merignac/valeurs/07510.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normales+et+records+pour+la+p%C3%A9riode+1981%E2%80%932010+%5Bdonn%C3%A9es+officielles%5D+%C3%A0+Bordeaux-M%C3%A9rignac&rft.pub=Infoclimat.fr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie%2Fnormales-records%2F1981-2010%2Fbordeaux-merignac%2Fvaleurs%2F07510.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> GHCN climate, GISS world climate averages, 1971–2000 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> GISS Station Data v4 homogenized Bordeaux Mérignac Airport </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220401020044/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_33281001.pdf">"BORDEAUX−MERIGNAC (33)"</a> (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records (in French). Meteo France. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_33281001.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fiche+Climatologique%3A+Statistiques+1991%E2%80%932020+et+records&rft.atitle=BORDEAUX%E2%88%92MERIGNAC+%2833%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_33281001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_33281001.pdf">"BORDEAUX−MERIGNAC (33)"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 14 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fiche+Climatologique%3A+Statistiques+1991%E2%80%932020+et+records&rft.atitle=BORDEAUX%E2%88%92MERIGNAC+%2833%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_33281001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-noaa-31"><a href="#cite_ref-noaa_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geodata.lib.ncsu.edu/fedgov/noaa/clino/TABLES/REG_VI/FR/07510.TXT">"Bordeaux (07510) – WMO Weather Station"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190721231537/http://geodata.lib.ncsu.edu/fedgov/noaa/clino/TABLES/REG_VI/FR/07510.TXT">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bordeaux+%2807510%29+%E2%80%93+WMO+Weather+Station&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeodata.lib.ncsu.edu%2Ffedgov%2Fnoaa%2Fclino%2FTABLES%2FREG_VI%2FFR%2F07510.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Infoclimat-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Infoclimat_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221220/http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07510-bordeaux-merignac.html">"Normes et records 1961–1990: Bordeaux-Merignac (33) – altitude 47 m"</a> (in French). Infoclimat. 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Site officiel de la ville de Bordeaux. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200923055132/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p7070/gallo-romains-56-4e-siecle-">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Site+officiel+de+la+ville+de+Bordeaux&rft.atitle=Gallo-romains+%28%E2%88%9256+%2F+4e+si%C3%A8cle%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bordeaux.fr%2Fp7070%2Fgallo-romains-56-4e-siecle-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> (in French) Université de Bordeaux website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univ-bordeaux.fr/">www.univ-bordeaux.fr</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130420064411/http://www.univ-bordeaux.fr/">Archived</a> 20 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; retrieved 7 December 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-MEXTEuropeHoshuko-51"><a href="#cite_ref-MEXTEuropeHoshuko_51-0">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140330190146/http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/002/006/001/002/004.htm">欧州の補習授業校一覧(平成25年4月15日現在)</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140330190146/http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/002/006/001/002/004.htm">Archive</a>). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Sports,_Science_and_Technology" title="Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology">Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology</a> (MEXT). Retrieved on 10 May 2014. "Salle de L'Athénée Municipal Place St. Christoly, 33000 Bordeaux, FRANCE" </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smart-tourism-capital.ec.europa.eu/cities/competition-winners-2022_en">"2022 European Capital of Smart Tourism – Competition winners 2022"</a>. European Commission. 2 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221107212251/https://smart-tourism-capital.ec.europa.eu/cities/competition-winners-2022_en">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2022. 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Retrieved 26 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pop.culture.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=Orgue+de+tribune+%3A+partie+instrumentale+de+l%27orgue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pop.culture.gouv.fr%2Fnotice%2Fpalissy%2FPM33001025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bordeaux-tourism.co.uk/cultural-heritage/bordeaux-world-heritage-cultural-heritage-centre.html">"Bordeaux World Heritage, cultural heritage centre | Bordeaux Tourism & Conventions"</a>. www.bordeaux-tourism.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130162033/https://www.bordeaux-tourism.co.uk/cultural-heritage/bordeaux-world-heritage-cultural-heritage-centre.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bordeaux-tourism.co.uk&rft.atitle=Bordeaux+World+Heritage%2C+cultural+heritage+centre+%26%23124%3B+Bordeaux+Tourism+%26+Conventions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bordeaux-tourism.co.uk%2Fcultural-heritage%2Fbordeaux-world-heritage-cultural-heritage-centre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançois_Hubert,_Christian_Block_and_Jacques_de_Cauna2010" class="citation book cs1">François Hubert, Christian Block and Jacques de Cauna (2010). Bordeaux in the 18th century: trans-Atlantic trading and slavery. Bordeaux: Le Festin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-36062-009-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-36062-009-8"><bdi>978-2-36062-009-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bordeaux+in+the+18th+century%3A+trans-Atlantic+trading+and+slavery&rft.place=Bordeaux&rft.pub=Le+Festin&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-2-36062-009-8&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois+Hubert%2C+Christian+Block+and+Jacques+de+Cauna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20190224-bordeaux-slavery-museum-seeks-change-narrative-slave-trade-past">"Bordeaux museum working to change narrative on slavery past"</a>. 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Biarritz: Atlantica. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84394-073-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84394-073-6"><bdi>978-2-84394-073-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Eldorado+des+Aquitains.+Gascons%2C+Basques+et+B%C3%A9arnais+aux+%C3%8Eles+d%27Am%C3%A9rique&rft.place=Biarritz&rft.pub=Atlantica&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-2-84394-073-6&rft.au=Jacques+de+Cauna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr/en/article/bordeaux-18th-century-trans-atlantic-trading-and-slavery">"Bordeaux in the 18th century: trans-Atlantic trading and slavery | Le site officiel du musée d'Aquitaine"</a>. www.musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925080028/http://www.musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr/en/article/bordeaux-18th-century-trans-atlantic-trading-and-slavery">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr&rft.atitle=Bordeaux+in+the+18th+century%3A+trans-Atlantic+trading+and+slavery+%26%23124%3B+Le+site+officiel+du+mus%C3%A9e+d%27Aquitaine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fbordeaux-18th-century-trans-atlantic-trading-and-slavery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-27707-haiti-memory-bordeaux-inaugurates-the-statue-of-a-slave-of-the-haitian-sculptor-c-woodly.html">"Haiti – Memory : Bordeaux inaugurates the statue of a slave of the Haitian sculptor, C. Woodly – HaitiLibre.com : Haiti news 7/7"</a>. www.haitilibre.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127141544/https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-27707-haiti-memory-bordeaux-inaugurates-the-statue-of-a-slave-of-the-haitian-sculptor-c-woodly.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.haitilibre.com&rft.atitle=Haiti+%E2%80%93+Memory+%3A+Bordeaux+inaugurates+the+statue+of+a+slave+of+the+Haitian+sculptor%2C+C.+Woodly+%E2%80%93+HaitiLibre.com+%3A+Haiti+news+7%2F7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haitilibre.com%2Fen%2Fnews-27707-haiti-memory-bordeaux-inaugurates-the-statue-of-a-slave-of-the-haitian-sculptor-c-woodly.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624110816/https://www.arcenreve.eu/le-projet">"Arc en rêve: centre d'architecture"</a> [Arc en rêve: architecture center] (in French). Arc en rêve. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcenreve.eu/le-projet">the original</a> on 24 June 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arc+en+r%C3%AAve%3A+centre+d%27architecture&rft.pub=Arc+en+r%C3%AAve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcenreve.eu%2Fle-projet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mubi.com/en/awards-and-festivals/ficf?year=2002">"Bordeaux International Festival of Women in Cinema 2002"</a>. MUBI. Retrieved 6 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MUBI&rft.atitle=Bordeaux+International+Festival+of+Women+in+Cinema+2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmubi.com%2Fen%2Fawards-and-festivals%2Fficf%3Fyear%3D2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://filmitalia.org/en/festival/27095/">"International Festival of Women In Cinema"</a>. Filmitalia. 7 April 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Filmitalia&rft.atitle=International+Festival+of+Women+In+Cinema&rft.date=2020-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffilmitalia.org%2Fen%2Ffestival%2F27095%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nfi.hu/en/festival/bordeaux-international-festival-of-women-in-cinema">"Bordeaux International Festival of Women in Cinema"</a>. NFI. Retrieved 7 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NFI&rft.atitle=Bordeaux+International+Festival+of+Women+in+Cinema&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnfi.hu%2Fen%2Ffestival%2Fbordeaux-international-festival-of-women-in-cinema&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ff-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ff_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ff_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://filmfreeway.com/fifib">"Festival International du Film Indépendant de Bordeaux (FIFIB)"</a>. FilmFreeway. Retrieved 8 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FilmFreeway&rft.atitle=Festival+International+du+Film+Ind%C3%A9pendant+de+Bordeaux+%28FIFIB%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffilmfreeway.com%2Ffifib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asianfilmfestivals.com/2024/03/15/bordeaux-international-independent-film-festival-call-for-entry-2024/">"13th Bordeaux International Independent Film Festival – Call for Entry 2024"</a>. Asian Film Festivals. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 8 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asian+Film+Festivals&rft.atitle=13th+Bordeaux+International+Independent+Film+Festival+%E2%80%93+Call+for+Entry+2024&rft.date=2024-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasianfilmfestivals.com%2F2024%2F03%2F15%2Fbordeaux-international-independent-film-festival-call-for-entry-2024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oa2024-66"><a href="#cite_ref-oa2024_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openagenda.com/en/bordeaux-tourisme/events/festival-international-du-film-independant-de-bordeaux-9724567">"Bordeaux International Independent Film Festival"</a>. OpenAgenda. 13 October 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenAgenda&rft.atitle=Bordeaux+International+Independent+Film+Festival&rft.date=2024-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenagenda.com%2Fen%2Fbordeaux-tourisme%2Fevents%2Ffestival-international-du-film-independant-de-bordeaux-9724567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024224845/http://www.lacub.fr/grands-projets/pont-jean-jacques-bosc">"Pont Jean-Jacques Bosc – La CUB"</a>. 24 October 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lacub.fr/grands-projets/pont-jean-jacques-bosc">the original</a> on 24 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pont+Jean-Jacques+Bosc+%E2%80%93+La+CUB&rft.date=2013-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacub.fr%2Fgrands-projets%2Fpont-jean-jacques-bosc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aquitaine.fr/politiques-regionales/transports/pont-ferroviaire-de-bordeaux.html">Pont Ferroviaire de Bordeaux</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110521131358/http://aquitaine.fr/politiques-regionales/transports/pont-ferroviaire-de-bordeaux.html">Archived</a> 21 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on aquitaine.fr </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railwaygazette.com/light-rail-and-tram/bordeaux-tramway-reaches-the-airport/64054.article">"Bordeaux tramway reaches the airport"</a>. Railway Gazette. 2 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529045414/https://www.railwaygazette.com/light-rail-and-tram/bordeaux-tramway-reaches-the-airport/64054.article">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette&rft.atitle=Bordeaux+tramway+reaches+the+airport&rft.date=2023-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Flight-rail-and-tram%2Fbordeaux-tramway-reaches-the-airport%2F64054.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bordeaux.fr/p1247/en-taxi">"En taxi"</a> [By taxi] (in French). Ville de Bordeaux. Retrieved 24 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=En+taxi&rft.pub=Ville+de+Bordeaux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bordeaux.fr%2Fp1247%2Fen-taxi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_France_Bordeaux-924">"Bordeaux Public Transportation Statistics"</a>. Global Public Transit Index by Moovit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170824180730/https://www.moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_France_Bordeaux-924">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2017. 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Retrieved 3 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=muenchen.de&rft.atitle=Partnerst%C3%A4dte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenchen.de%2Frathaus%2FStadtpolitik%2FPartnerstaedte.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Porto_International-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Porto_International_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100215200138/http://www.cm-porto.pt/document/449218/481584.pdf">"International Relations of the City of Porto"</a> (PDF). 2006–2009 Municipal Directorateofthe PresidencyServices InternationalRelationsOffice. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cm-porto.pt/document/449218/481584.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 15 February 2010. Retrieved 10 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Relations+of+the+City+of+Porto&rft.pub=2006%E2%80%932009+Municipal+Directorateofthe+PresidencyServices+InternationalRelationsOffice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cm-porto.pt%2Fdocument%2F449218%2F481584.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081204021323/http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Twin_cities_of_Riga/default.htm">"Twin cities of Riga"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Riga_City_Council" title="Riga City Council">Riga City Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Twin_cities_of_Riga/default.htm">the original</a> on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twin+cities+of+Riga&rft.pub=Riga+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riga.lv%2FEN%2FChannels%2FRiga_Municipality%2FTwin_cities_of_Riga%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-saint_petersburg-84"><a href="#cite_ref-saint_petersburg_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20090224073839/http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities">"Saint Petersburg in figures – International and Interregional Ties"</a>. Saint Petersburg City Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities">the original</a> on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Petersburg+in+figures+%E2%80%93+International+and+Interregional+Ties&rft.pub=Saint+Petersburg+City+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feng.gov.spb.ru%2Ffigures%2Fities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haberexen.com/news_detail.php?id=26638">"Samsun- Bordeaux işbirliği sözleşmesini imzalandı"</a> (in Turkish). HaberExen.com. Retrieved 22 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Samsun-+Bordeaux+i%C5%9Fbirli%C4%9Fi+s%C3%B6zle%C5%9Fmesini+imzaland%C4%B1&rft.pub=HaberExen.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haberexen.com%2Fnews_detail.php%3Fid%3D26638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bordeaux#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Bordeaux">Bibliography of the history of Bordeaux</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChantal_Callais_and_Thierry_Jeanmonod2019" class="citation book cs1">Chantal Callais and Thierry Jeanmonod (2019). Bordeaux: a history of architecture. La Crèche: La Geste. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-1-03-530188-0" title="Special:BookSources/979-1-03-530188-0"><bdi>979-1-03-530188-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bordeaux%3A+a+history+of+architecture&rft.place=La+Cr%C3%A8che&rft.pub=La+Geste&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=979-1-03-530188-0&rft.au=Chantal+Callais+and+Thierry+Jeanmonod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançois_Hubert,_Christian_Block_and_Jacques_de_Cauna2018" class="citation book cs1">François Hubert, Christian Block and Jacques de Cauna (2018). Bordeaux in the 18th century: trans-Atlantic trading and slavery (2nd ed.). Bordeaux: Le Festin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-36062-009-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-36062-009-8"><bdi>978-2-36062-009-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bordeaux+in+the+18th+century%3A+trans-Atlantic+trading+and+slavery&rft.place=Bordeaux&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Le+Festin&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-2-36062-009-8&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois+Hubert%2C+Christian+Block+and+Jacques+de+Cauna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABordeaux" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130306023822/http://www.france.fr/en/regions-and-cities/bordeaux-world-capital-wine">Bordeaux: the world capital of wine</a> – Official French website (in English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bordeaux.fr">Bordeaux city council website</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Bordeaux at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="14" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&oldid=1259090076">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&oldid=1259090076</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 23 November 2024, at 08:35 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A6%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B6" title="ቦርዶ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቦርዶ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="بوردو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوردو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeus" title="Bordeus – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bordeus" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bord%C3%B4x" title="Bordôx – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bordôx" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdeos" title="Burdeos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Burdeos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordo" title="Bordo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bordo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="بوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B" title="বর্দো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বর্দো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бардо – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бардо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бардо – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бардо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бордо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бордо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourdel" title="Bourdel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bourdel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeus" title="Bordeus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bordeus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бордо – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бордо" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8E" title="Μπορντώ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπορντώ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burd%C3%B3" title="Burdó – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Burdó" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdeos" title="Burdeos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Burdeos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdeus" title="Burdeus – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Burdeus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordele" title="Bordele – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bordele" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="بوردو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوردو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeos" title="Bordeos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bordeos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%8F%84" title="보르도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보르도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8" title="Բորդո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բորդո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81" title="बोरदु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बोरदु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бордо – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бордо" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95" title="בורדו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בורדו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D" title="ბორდო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბორდო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Бордо (Франция) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бордо (Франция)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordo" title="Bordo – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Bordo" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2do" title="Bòdo – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bòdo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bord%C3%A8u" title="Bordèu – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bordèu" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бордо – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бордо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdeos" title="Burdeos – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Burdeos" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94" title="ບອກໂດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ບອກໂດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdigala" title="Burdigala – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Burdigala" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordo" title="Bordo – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bordo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordo" title="Bordo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bordo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бордо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бордо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B" title="ബോർഡോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബോർഡോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82" title="बोर्दू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बोर्दू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D" title="ბორდო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბორდო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="بوردو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوردو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="بوردو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بوردو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бордо – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Бордо" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бордо – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бордо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="ဘောရ်ဒိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘောရ်ဒိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux_(stad)" title="Bordeaux (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bordeaux (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC" title="ボルドー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボルドー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="БогӀдо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="БогӀдо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bord%C3%A8u" title="Bordèu – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bordèu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8B" title="ਬੋਰਦੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੋਰਦੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88%D9%88" title="بورڈو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بورڈو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%89%D9%88" title="بورډو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بورډو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordieus" title="Bordieus – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Bordieus" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bord%C3%B2" title="Bordò – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bordò" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C" title="Μπορντό – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Μπορντό" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bord%C3%A9us" title="Bordéus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bordéus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordo" title="Bordo – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Bordo" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бордо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бордо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bord%C3%A8u" title="Bordèu – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Bordèu" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordo" title="Bordo – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bordo" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux_(mesto)" title="Bordeaux (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bordeaux (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%86" title="بۆردۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆردۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бордо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бордо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdeos" title="Burdeos – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Burdeos" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B" title="பொர்தோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொர்தோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бордо – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бордо" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94" title="บอร์โด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บอร์โด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бордо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бордо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бордо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бордо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88%D9%88" title="بورڈو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بورڈو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordo" title="Bordo – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Bordo" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bord%C3%B2" title="Bordò – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bordò" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordo_(lidn)" title="Bordo (lidn) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bordo (lidn)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A" title="波尔多 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波尔多" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%90" title="בארדא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בארדא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A" title="波爾多 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波爾多" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Bordeaux" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A" title="波尔多 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波尔多" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo" title="Bodo – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bodo" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordo" title="Bordo – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Bordo" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 08:35 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6bb4bcc5b5-7nxx4","wgBackendResponseTime":251,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_6f64cec36028fc5eea60224cd084ffe2fa973aab":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1479","properties":{"title":"Bordeaux","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1479","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Bordeaux"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.280","walltime":"3.946","ppvisitednodes":{"value":22010,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":503269,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":46938,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":30,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":35,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":425938,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":2,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 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