CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91352e7c1902f920',cH: 'FZERNv0vBRHDZPja4YrzyimRsOSJEbY2iv.90S5gMpE-1739789060-1.2.1.1-Srvm5Jhcet_GYbAkHFVICgSwNlLSnClAmX3Mro7buQ5X08w_nXOvZL8XCxCGMw7f',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=electric%20power%20standard&__cf_chl_tk=78vfSDq555_fDu.kOuGyDG2H7f_0EErCbSVZC6FyHTE-1739789060-1.0.1.1-qJZ76XyVCIRe09vZ_WqqOB9t5qQbE6LQRe2gfvKYMow",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789060',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=electric%20power%20standard&__cf_chl_f_tk=78vfSDq555_fDu.kOuGyDG2H7f_0EErCbSVZC6FyHTE-1739789060-1.0.1.1-qJZ76XyVCIRe09vZ_WqqOB9t5qQbE6LQRe2gfvKYMow",md: "4BctiqGQFMgAaw4QzstF9EPzx2JkOFx2tAGnVsdiKNI-1739789060-1.2.1.1-28PNaNQ2FCglA8_FKGRAu3W3S.LrVnTCuiaXXf40WTiHedWx5BZYGd5WndJcHqvs.9VJ7ylrw.XCdw_wQiwMj270LRpyxRhlkqLkBuIW7IskVp.va3ATkejmwkwbo47q1b3BqlcBYKAFRCTxyxD1nHNOl88iHDxdIeqYiCtVr9SNSPYYwKyzeajVwxVp9CudlW0hII03Aj_aJdoikIwui2NNUFFi2K6BN3ILutoa5zGkTjL2yrZ7XW5Ba1z6CHkbVlZxIa7hd96ZndpV0QdCG6gX5_Vm9Xhl50RkbdZT3hxGbAH6g8ABdhWvqDsGw461hOu2uMDnAlkBWFG77XuREugmFErMCTF1QJKssFJe6N_dE0lTVnMCDyPZnkWYVBweAIaMZlk3clqGEZUXymRFEuRaQNW_XZf8lXRfr3D41MTaD4HIDPvxv1FdbNK1dFbAQqNqUFwf_j.xYh7R2eYQXm61MgqXOIK7PNeSvLuI5HomJfIRP_3AnmLqMxsf2uhsqRJ_v4wgdrC9t_qUQS8q_XqORr5xFkJSP4L.lSJLkMOUyiKtV5TUXCeF_4OgXyHIE6Us178zIYPtjxkO_WpuyFwX4oDngMImsGrCDbmTX2jcnT423vureYhmORMIFLpEXyXgZubU4j0ozL6fYndj1ly5AYadtKJCPIvZX2xqwngoGryuaiC0fK85OJHq7xwSTCePE0jtmS_hYnwhOeS1hNiU0omXcJfflLNvqPj5Oa4_4yksjDpYXdcbLzekFjftREtdm0NQsvG1RKig7Xn9B0SwQCb3MrfiyjOfu6ppQYRNZGhrJsHORDo6YMOmSR7tIl1fGvKPQAGo2rMbPofgGanZPPARL05Nh710e1mu4A_3MjWuQlcSfH5aEWTqzI8gu1Gy8As25C5G.4dU5sdkHOyL9Hq0accguNa.7HSMnxPzzwh5SffKsWKqKtdvGU59gvIoEkzAun8mt_XOf39VC6B3uXTJy29yGz5kpPU7cjce_n3R.NVSeajcmg3BBjWue2ZqoO3UBr9WiftF_V3SUOpFJ.puK.gfLAK5KnK1hOd0pRQqePwysAiSqiPaVaeaYVB3YSpG7WEEfnIrTAFLvdlrNnnqT0dtZ1rj0ia7CAgylXHVN.F9rc52vYVFeCWZtDfy3YIm_3LEH7Uc7jR3jGHI.VFtyE8lgnoyqC6mViT5OVe0rc_hw2GxpOB4hMpwit3qI3wScMWYiFf9eAVfhklsUUpiU0gHvF3GmuXZmYm8MR7OfCuHeldpMunR5HVkN6COZylG04SDwtsayxjz5g460Zwn1B0gogLl6fmGT0aCxDETGDo3ouDaHn31nfXB_DcOJsp1gUtPleHnDc0QkCJWD4q.oPUdMonfHCwFJM7ragLZdABN4e0CmssIVcY3MChQggMVV1HTz9NJwCJYGwbxHRvVE0Itn3IyGwM3.t7vRtTagyePVPZzDBHasN2iLCuFKykI8OB9wPTpYmClhdWP_kb0EQ8h5Q9TGlGTAtySoz6gqFBn0CkMj4g_gIuQ3ZkyuT0cfUJmDvWiXJMX61Jr7AcWPPi6xnHSjR4TGESLOK2rQM8OjcZt4mdDRvzCF3ojWqQRYzbsXJ_u3uGoFPHjuNGXD9jbuNws3J8u_yPufhg4PiF9J9mXEYPPO.0UVg_kbQJBNZa5WciIE_nzaJT_dJuKQcmnYbPENfHtouivKc1D08r2okZvwH9o_SZb39u1w62.Y_2PuWT4ts7QR3Ct1Ja_wal6X3UZj4TCap5qDtR6ppjQoGjq4_VFKaMOt_A.1A0TwzekysPnq2bet9cuy3gDQaXBf4ZzN3lvwiwDN7bNBAWUOrwH8klBztbAlUvcVaUbunOpjKYwiJ0r5XujYt_c5OOtFg_c83izfR14bpkV64hDWGEU5Qq_M2jq3M3PPcxXmrATiPZcvhkwaNBr5lL3NpTJHj970FPZj5PoEGZZUM1vKv4H.4ryEboq",mdrd: "oLbHAFct3sfhXYD3KWn2O9.R0fWrXBGV1UTsZA4kNrs-1739789060-1.2.1.1-Wf0AcUdF6p2BnVpaUnqEELzBxM9IQLKpmacmD1nz.JGzf1y1gyWaWxbAijoosSo1hz0MyQUb8.mMSygHGLTZHhJwam7wYh8mc0fPRYu3fSXrjhDV4luTC_sq7VkXCFoQYExZDp31Cqv5n5box6PtZFi35lqaI9T70Jijm.zHJfx_B_b0jt2I8rRqsgwfEQUUab6g1gnuc6TBrTjztt06ZBAd_RO9JK5dPcpCoZYHitS7Ab54a2vLJWc8nSTMdUTaIffTWjhL4H60iwywCahwHnnRxubXG5mR3zn4xDlS21.Wk1PMVRRwI9TN4ZKOHVPAnljfnVhLFIuMTaV0X.V7eNfc3oY4dWdVWKWaT1f3W1kq.kJmotuy7i_v8neP8NJWk1oN_8UP3FdJjDxZigfLLnnhLa.4SrdIyX9j_k8jUOkZgmtG5_2QS1eInPpmurMVEysMLo8rSMU4tD4kbW2JhQf5QD7CWMrlM574YxJtVYn2LZgKFVw4HQ1XqvPIeXsPJVNJhwtluzEuSnWcqpqgQfmeEw8BUFQc4iBHVNpVnBzPCKYj8s68pVt6mT3RWPzlYodwcOqr4fBF1kQ0owBGtYmkryY0QhTYyEz9IwNm2W8l4oFGCspzZO0I82J3UKWqAnSo_rEGgXYPsUK2O8qwWjdJfAyFphSYSGkKSLlqtflb8wLNrgITtKt4Emw1hokPbbR2qidujdf3I3UU0lov55uMgleH9X8GlGEfnsc5tYCRMtdJSo2dd1bnE_T86vVoBPjuQbnWbJxssEIrNZZIOZy_TyPBdXCGyfO8LigMI9ekcRX_7g7y9RoDoKynQ_THNCE.UaF9O87NtRHr7RHRBgcZT8me1KeSaWprJa2fANHVIRmqS5sFi6lVs8N.yjmOw.PXSofDG0J2FjSUyEH0uQMQQJTfMvtpdOqmcViKYcNJjArV1XvpVBdkHwZlWUiZAOHTPNwkDWTmEr4Pt68oTstSOKzmf6l4kCTghQfUX1qI0m.9HOiOKtbKC0_SadsfnJdyxv9WAtv7e4MrioZmFCcDw0CAPlic2m.MQTdt4pqQnbce9VyqGR2j3688wOJtOf.ETENKSthMvUTOpYOhffmkQMUiNgZeL.4dRkudSh6En.PpOWO2dSdC6hor_3g0DxpmnfHjfk3LOqUYYSdq2YwfUQYgaOYom2qHqn2jYdo1Lve2rV3XeGOMAD5QpoQtMzfJfu8BwDmQgW29zmn0vum8Mum6JOHx2CWSkSGehiEhPwawXb_8pkkbUztrv3zx54AO.Lz02qfniHYQKwzSScKzwOCJZkuwoPx1OPd7fxDQGIVkO_lnh34htg00bKCwqp4rlF0AunwVh8SykrnCEOb8znURgA7GzSSsa7leDxOUAHstVx..0CNO4MAmdIo1dlbQVxZCOsIXA3gqVAfJwghILKY3W1kIlUDN7qRnjbaE5jenleYNb4YK48mTyhi2G3.HE23AFEKVJYedmmugPaUCMAFqx0LQx4xHsDxM0nz40JTS5001TtUq8uAn.NNe2b2EIUq1swqTTx7swhUmDvaZAXX_YBsgy3gbcufIkVvQHJhlLY88X65XWJjeSveXmwvS9fTuIENy5Xc5tpeu6cmFHQH66AhdZHwPxYNWZC12253.qmI7XiY0gu_F0c6wSRqFYvhXiarg6IddqFmd5nLTvD5P5vzt1fK_h6dGSzq7nHsKyu4VYSMEBGFGlXSwFhvSfhqJItr5G5EqlMAMJf0JPaUh173Hgl1flPpoXzH2_Fwbx6cuWemv9fGFO4jHatg89keQuoCjU5wN29o.Ahki0crmcL_gjj0tB1Wt1q7Z8FylQgDB3WHVadheVt_saohlZi_XN3DXwc0iMi9EkYZQMO1n.bN6xTuTIFIgiskRg9e2avsRy23cO8sJRF4sH8KJmUCazL7fFJ76Hl9YYR7oJls3nvfOlo63z8U9taL51PyEe30oO.avsc9RNhEJLgjM1kmykzN5VSvT.El3eQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91352e7c1902f920';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=electric%20power%20standard&__cf_chl_rt_tk=78vfSDq555_fDu.kOuGyDG2H7f_0EErCbSVZC6FyHTE-1739789060-1.0.1.1-qJZ76XyVCIRe09vZ_WqqOB9t5qQbE6LQRe2gfvKYMow" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>