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class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">George Wetherill</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1925-08-12</span>)</span>12 August 1925<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">19 July 2006<span style="display:none">(2006-07-19)</span> (aged 80)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> <small>(Ph.B., S.B. S.M., Ph.D., 1953)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis#Formation_of_planets" title="Nebular hypothesis">Planet Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoritics" title="Meteoritics">Meteoritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_Dating" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive Dating">Radioactive Dating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Phyllis Steiss Wetherill</li> <li>Mary Bailey</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Rachel Wetherill <br />Sarah Wetherill Okumura <br />George W. Wetherill III</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Medal" title="Leonard Medal">F. C. Leonard Medal</a> of the Meteoritical Society (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Gilbert_Award" title="G. K. Gilbert Award">G. K. Gilbert Award</a> of the Geological Society of America (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_P._Kuiper_Prize" title="Gerard P. Kuiper Prize">Gerard P. Kuiper Prize</a> of the Division of Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hammond_Hess#Harry_H._Hess_Medal" title="Harry Hammond Hess">Harry H. Hess Medal</a> of the American Geophysical Union (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell_Lectureship" title="Henry Norris Russell Lectureship">Henry Norris Russell Lectureship</a> of the American Astronomical Society (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">Geology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Institution">Carnegie Institution</a> (<a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>) <small>(1953-1960,1975–1997)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, CA">Los Angeles, CA</a>) <small>(1960-1975)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George Wetherill</b> (August 12, 1925 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – July 19, 2006 Washington, D.C.) was a physicist and geologist and the director emeritus of the department of terrestrial magnetism at the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_of_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Institution of Washington">Carnegie Institution of Washington</a>, DC, US.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearce_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearce-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-George_W._Wetherill_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George_W._Wetherill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, Wetherill received the <a href="/wiki/J._Lawrence_Smith_Medal" title="J. Lawrence Smith Medal">J. Lawrence Smith Medal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> "For his unique contributions to the cosmochronology of the planets and meteorites and to the orbital dynamics and formation of solar system bodies."<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, Wetherill received the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell_Lectureship" title="Henry Norris Russell Lectureship">Henry Norris Russell Lectureship</a>, the highest honor bestowed by the <a href="/wiki/American_Astronomical_Society" title="American Astronomical Society">American Astronomical Society</a>, "For pioneering the application of modern physics and numerical simulations to the formation and evolution of terrestrial planets."<sup id="cite_ref-Russell_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Wetherill&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>George Wetherill was born on August 12, 1925, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Wetherill benefited from the <a href="/wiki/G.I._Bill" title="G.I. Bill">G.I. Bill</a> to receive four degrees, the Ph.B. (1948), S.B. (1949), S.M. (1951), and Ph.D., in physics (1953), all from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>. He did his thesis research on the spontaneous <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">fission</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, as well as nuclear processes in nature, as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">U.S. Atomic Energy Commission</a> Predoctoral Fellow.<sup id="cite_ref-AIP_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIP-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_achievements">Career and achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Wetherill&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career and achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Terrestrial_Magnetism,_1953-1960"><span id="Department_of_Terrestrial_Magnetism.2C_1953-1960"></span>Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, 1953-1960</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Wetherill&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, 1953-1960"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After receiving his Ph.D., Wetherill became a staff member at Carnegie's Department of Terrestrial Magnetism (DTM) in Washington, D.C. There, he joined an interdepartmental group who were working to date rocks using geochemical methods that measured natural <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">radioactive decay</a>. This involved determining the concentration and <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopic</a> composition of <a href="/wiki/Inert_gases" class="mw-redirect" title="Inert gases">inert gases</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a>, as well as the isotopes of <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">strontium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lead_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead (element)">lead</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearce_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearce-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wetherill originated the concept of the Concordia Diagram for the uranium-lead isotopic system; this diagram became the standard means for determining precise ages of rocks, and of detecting the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Metamorphism" title="Metamorphism">metamorphism</a>. It provides a basis for high-precision <a href="/wiki/Geochronology" title="Geochronology">geochronology</a> of rocks dating back through the history of the planet Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearce_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearce-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wetherill was also a member of the Carnegie group that accurately determined the decay constants of <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">rubidium</a>, an effort that has also become fundamental to the measurement of geological time.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearce_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearce-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wetherill_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wetherill-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_of_California,_Los_Angeles"><span id="University_of_California.2C_Los_Angeles"></span>University of California, Los Angeles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Wetherill&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: University of California, Los Angeles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wetherill left DTM in 1960 to become a professor of geophysics and geology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a>. There, he served as chairman of the interdepartmental curriculum in geochemistry (1964-1968), and as chairman of the Department of Planetary and Space Sciences (1968-1972).<sup id="cite_ref-Holley_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holley-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At UCLA, Wetherill further explored techniques for age-dating, examining extraterrestrial material with radiometric chronology techniques to <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteorite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">lunar</a> samples. At the same time, he began to theorize about the origin of meteorites. His studies concentrated on collisions between objects in the <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">asteroid belt</a> together with resonances between their motions and those of planets. He computed how these events could move material into Earth-crossing orbits to become meteorites or larger Earth-impacting bodies responsible for the devastating impacts that caused mass extinctions of the majority of living species, including the dinosaurs.<sup id="cite_ref-Holley_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holley-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later, Wetherill, along with scientists elsewhere, proposed that a certain unusual class of meteorites was not asteroidal in origin but instead came from the planet <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>. This was later confirmed by laboratory work elsewhere and is now well accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-Holley_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holley-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Terrestrial_Magnetism,_1975-"><span id="Department_of_Terrestrial_Magnetism.2C_1975-"></span>Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, 1975-</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Wetherill&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, 1975-"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1975, Wetherill returned to Carnegie's Department of Terrestrial Magnetism as director. He remained director until 1991, when he became a staff member. At DTM, he began extending his research efforts into questions concerning the origin of the terrestrial planets--<a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>. He was stimulated by earlier studies by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Safronov" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Safronov">Victor Safronov</a> (O. Yu. Schmidt Institute, Moscow), who showed that as a swarm of <a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">planetesimals</a> coagulated into large bodies the swarm could evolve to produce a few terrestrial planets. Wetherill developed a technique to calculate numerically the orbital evolution and accumulation of planetesimal swarms, and he used the technique to reach specific predictions of the physical and orbital properties of terrestrial planets. His results agreed well with present observations.<sup id="cite_ref-Henbest_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henbest-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to showing how the inner solar system formed, Wetherill's work provided the basis for a model of a giant-impact origin for the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a><sup id="cite_ref-Melosh_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melosh-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the core of Mercury.<sup id="cite_ref-Spalding_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spalding-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also led to explanations for the isotopic abundances of present-day planetary atmospheres.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wetherill has shown that <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> plays an important role in the evolution of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>; by ejecting <a href="/wiki/Comets" class="mw-redirect" title="Comets">comets</a> from the solar system, it offers a protective presence to the inner planets.<sup id="cite_ref-Holley_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holley-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wetherill's theoretical work supports discussions on the origins of the Solar System as well as on <a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planets" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrasolar planets">extrasolar planets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_engagement">Community engagement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Wetherill&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Community engagement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wetherill provided leadership in the scientific community by serving on advisory committees for <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NAS_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAS-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>. For 15 years, he was editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Earth_and_Planetary_Sciences" title="Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences">Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeanloz_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeanloz-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He served as president of the <a href="/wiki/Meteoritical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteoritical Society">Meteoritical Society</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Geochemical_Society" title="Geochemical Society">Geochemical Society</a>, the Planetology Section of the <a href="/wiki/American_Geophysical_Union" title="American Geophysical Union">American Geophysical Union</a>, the International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wetherill died at his home in Washington, D.C., Wednesday, July 19, 2006, after a long illness.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Wetherill&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1974, Member, <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-NAS_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAS-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT1974_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT1974-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1977, <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a><sup id="cite_ref-George_W._Wetherill_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George_W._Wetherill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1981, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Medal" title="Leonard Medal">Leonard Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meteoritical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteoritical Society">Meteoritical Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1984, <a href="/wiki/G._K._Gilbert_Award" title="G. K. Gilbert Award">G. K. Gilbert Award</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geological_Society_of_America" title="Geological Society of America">Geological Society of America</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1986, <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuiper Prize">G. P. Kuiper Prize</a> of the Division of Planetary Sciences of the <a href="/wiki/American_Astronomical_Society" title="American Astronomical Society">American Astronomical Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1991, <a href="/wiki/Harry_H._Hess_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry H. Hess Medal">Harry H. Hess Medal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Geophysical_Union" title="American Geophysical Union">American Geophysical Union</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1997, <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> awarded by President Clinton<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2000, <a href="/wiki/J._Lawrence_Smith_Medal" title="J. Lawrence Smith Medal">J. Lawrence Smith Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2003, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell_Lectureship" title="Henry Norris Russell Lectureship">Henry Norris Russell Lectureship</a>, American Astronomical Society<sup id="cite_ref-Russell_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Wetherill&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/21/AR2006072101558.html">Washington Post obituary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/releases/2000/00_34AR.html">NASA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818051115/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/releases/2000/00_34AR.html">Archived</a> 2021-08-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622045745/http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/component/content/article/135/">Carnegie Institution Bio</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050512142346/http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/wetherill/wetherill_publ.html">Publications</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cirs-tm.org/researchers/researchers.php?id=184">International Center for Scientific research</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v442/n7104/full/442756a.html">Obituary in Nature</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Wetherill&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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.cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPearce2006" class="citation news cs1">Pearce, Jeremy (2006-07-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/28/us/george-w-wetherill-80-expert-on-dating-of-rocks-dies.html">"George W. 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Lawrence Smith Medal"</a>. <i>National Academy of Sciences</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527143030/http://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/j-lawrence-smith-medal.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=NASA+-+NASA+ASTROBIOLOGY+INSTITUTE+MEMBER+GEORGE+WETHERILL+HONORED&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters%2Fames%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F2000%2F00_34AR.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Wetherill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=George+W.+Wetherill&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207151632/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=George+W.+Wetherill&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DGeorge%2BW.%2BWetherill%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Wetherill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lpi.usra.edu/features/wetherill/">"George Wetherill"</a>. <i>www.lpi.usra.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730143407/https://www.lpi.usra.edu/features/wetherill/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-07-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Kuiper Prize in Planetary Sciences | Division for Planetary Sciences"</a>. <i>American Astronomical Society</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121029043929/http://dps.aas.org/prizes/kuiper">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=Gerard+P.+Kuiper+Prize+in+Planetary+Sciences+%7C+Division+for+Planetary+Sciences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdps.aas.org%2Fprizes%2Fkuiper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Wetherill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous1992" class="citation journal cs1">Anonymous (1992). "Wetherill receives 1991 Hess award". <i>Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union</i>. <b>73</b> (12): 131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F91EO00111">10.1029/91EO00111</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Wetherill+receives+1991+Hess+award&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=131&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F91EO00111&rft.au=Anonymous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Wetherill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/WH/EOP/OSTP/html/motmos.html">"Recipients Of The 1997 National Medal Of Science"</a>. <i>clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209170543/https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/WH/EOP/OSTP/html/motmos.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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