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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-How_to_purge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_to_purge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>How to purge</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-How_to_purge-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle How to purge subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-How_to_purge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_clicking_a_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_clicking_a_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>By clicking a link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_clicking_a_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sometimes_already_provided" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sometimes_already_provided"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Sometimes already provided</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sometimes_already_provided-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-{{purge}}" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#{{purge}}"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span><span>{{purge}}</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-{{purge}}-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gadgets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gadgets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Gadgets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gadgets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purge_request_to_server" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purge_request_to_server"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Purge request to server</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purge_request_to_server-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Null_edit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Null_edit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Null edit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Null_edit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purge_local_browser_cache" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purge_local_browser_cache"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Purge local browser cache</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purge_local_browser_cache-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-forcerecursivelinkupdate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#forcerecursivelinkupdate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>forcerecursivelinkupdate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-forcerecursivelinkupdate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_preference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_preference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>User preference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_preference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Automating_the_confirmation_screen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automating_the_confirmation_screen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>Automating the confirmation screen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automating_the_confirmation_screen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Server_cache" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Server_cache"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Server cache</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Server_cache-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Server cache subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Server_cache-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Category_counts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Category_counts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Category counts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Category_counts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Templates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Templates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Templates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Templates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Help</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Purge</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="ويكيبيديا:تحديث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:تحديث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%88" title="Википедия:Кэш – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Википедия:Кэш" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Refrescar_la_mem%C3%B2ria_cau" title="Ajuda:Refrescar la memòria cau – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ajuda:Refrescar la memòria cau" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Cache" title="Hilfe:Cache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hilfe:Cache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Purge_du_cache" title="Aide:Purge du cache – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aide:Purge du cache" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:Purge" title="Aiuto:Purge – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aiuto:Purge" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF:Purge" title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:Purge – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:Purge" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Gyors%C3%ADt%C3%B3t%C3%A1r" title="Wikipédia:Gyorsítótár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wikipédia:Gyorsítótár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E7%A0%B4%E6%A3%84" title="Help:キャッシュ破棄 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Help:キャッシュ破棄" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85" title="Википеди:Къайлах болу бух – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Википеди:Къайлах болу бух" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjelp:Rense_en_side" title="Hjelp:Rense en side – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hjelp:Rense en side" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86:Purge" title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:Purge – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:Purge" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilf:Cache" title="Hilf:Cache – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Hilf:Cache" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:Czyszczenie_pami%C4%99ci_podr%C4%99cznej" title="Pomoc:Czyszczenie pamięci podręcznej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pomoc:Czyszczenie pamięci podręcznej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%88" title="Википедия:Кэш – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Кэш" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="උදවු:විරේචනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උදවු:විරේචනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Osve%C5%BEi" title="Wikipedija:Osveži – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wikipedija:Osveži" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Purge" title="Wikipedia:Purge – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wikipedia:Purge" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8A" title="วิกิพีเดีย:การล้างเซิร์ฟเวอร์แคช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิกิพีเดีย:การล้างเซิร์ฟเวอร์แคช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Довідка:Кеш – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Довідка:Кеш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E7%BC%93%E5%AD%98" title="Wikipedia:更新服务器缓存 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikipedia:更新服务器缓存" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11052584#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-help" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Purge" title="View the help page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Help page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Purge" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Purge"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Purge&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Purge&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Help:Purge" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Help:Purge" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Purge&oldid=1253952141" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Purge&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3APurge%23Null_edit"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3APurge%23Null_edit"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Help%3APurge&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Purge&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Purge" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-mediawiki mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Purge" hreflang="en"><span>MediaWiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikidata badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Purge" hreflang="en"><span>Wikidata</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11052584" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This page is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Null_edit&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Null edit">Help:Null edit</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikimedia project page</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/30px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/45px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/60px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This help page is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#Wikipedia_how-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">how-to guide</a>.</b><br/><div style="font-size: 90%;">It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, and may reflect varying levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:PURGE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PURGE&redirect=no">WP:PURGE</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice nutshell" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/45px-Walnut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/60px-Walnut.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This page in a nutshell:</b> A common way to purge a page is to append <code>?action=purge</code> to the URL.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Purge</b> is a function that is sometimes necessary to use to update a wiki page whenever template- or subpage-<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transclusions</a> are involved. Purging clears the page's server <a href="/wiki/Web_cache" title="Web cache">cache</a>, and the page is rebuilt. Before purging, you may want to try first to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">refresh the page</a> using your <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>. </p><p>For updating a page display, any purge methods do the job, but for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">categories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">backlinks</a> a <b><a href="#Null_edit">null edit</a></b> explained below is required, and other methods don't work. Update of images is explained in <a href="#Images">a section below</a>. </p><p>The page to purge is the one that <i>transcludes</i>, not the page that gets transcluded. Purge consumes a small amount of additional processing power to rebuild the page. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_to_purge" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_purge"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_purge"></span>How to purge<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_purge"></span></h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Note: Purging may take a few minutes, though it usually happens immediately.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_clicking_a_link" data-mw-thread-id="h-By_clicking_a_link-How_to_purge"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-By_clicking_a_link-How_to_purge"></span>By clicking a link<span data-mw-comment-end="h-By_clicking_a_link-How_to_purge"></span></h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sometimes_already_provided" data-mw-thread-id="h-Sometimes_already_provided-By_clicking_a_link"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Sometimes_already_provided-By_clicking_a_link"></span>Sometimes already provided<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Sometimes_already_provided-By_clicking_a_link"></span></h4></div> <p>Some pages already provide a link to purge the page, such as the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion">Wikipedia:Templates for discussion</a> page (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TFD" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TFD">WP:TFD</a>). Simply click on the link to purge the page. (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TFD" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TFD">WP:TFD</a> transcludes subpages like <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_28" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 28">Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 28</a>, and updates from these subpages are not always reflected in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TFD" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TFD">WP:TFD</a>. By purging, you will see the most recent version.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="{{purge}}" data-mw-thread-id="h-{{purge}}-By_clicking_a_link"><span id=".7B.7Bpurge.7D.7D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-{{purge}}-By_clicking_a_link"></span><span class="nowrap">{{purge}}</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-{{purge}}-By_clicking_a_link"></span></h4></div> <p>The <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Purge" title="Template:Purge">purge</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template may be used to place a purge link on a page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gadgets" data-mw-thread-id="h-Gadgets-By_clicking_a_link"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Gadgets-By_clicking_a_link"></span>Gadgets<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Gadgets-By_clicking_a_link"></span></h4></div> <p>There are also two <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">gadgets</a> that can add a purge tab or link to every page. These may be found in <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets" title="Special:Preferences">the Gadgets section of your Wikipedia Preferences</a>, under "Appearance": </p> <ul><li>The "Purgetab" gadget ("Add a "Purge" option to the top of the page, which <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Purge" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Purge">purges</a> the page's cache"), and</li> <li>The "UTCLiveClock" gadget ("<sup><abbr title="Loads code managed on another WMF project">(S)</abbr></sup> Add a clock to the personal toolbar that displays the current time in <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> and provides a link to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Purge" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Purge">purge</a> the current page (<a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki_talk:Gadget-UTCLiveClock.js" class="extiw" title="mw:MediaWiki talk:Gadget-UTCLiveClock.js">documentation</a>)").</li></ul> <p>The "purge" option of the former can also be found in the Vector <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SKIN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SKIN">skin</a> by navigating to the drop-down menu to the left of the Search box. In the MonoBook skin, it is in a separate tab. </p><p>To change the text shown on the "Purgetab" gadget's menu, add the following to <a href="/wiki/Special:MyPage/common.js" title="Special:MyPage/common.js">your common.js file</a> (or create the file using it): </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-javascript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cm">/* Customise purge tab's text */</span> <span class="nx">$</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">document</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">ready</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">$</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'#ca-purge'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'p'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="p">});</span> </pre></div> <p>In this case, the <code>'p'</code> in the third line sets the text shown on the tab to the lowercase letter p. You can change this to whatever you prefer (<code>'purge'</code>, <code>'purge page'</code>, etc). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purge_request_to_server" data-mw-thread-id="h-Purge_request_to_server-How_to_purge"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Purge_request_to_server-How_to_purge"></span>Purge request to server<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Purge_request_to_server-How_to_purge"></span></h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MediaWiki-Purging-URL.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MediaWiki-Purging-URL.png/300px-MediaWiki-Purging-URL.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MediaWiki-Purging-URL.png/450px-MediaWiki-Purging-URL.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MediaWiki-Purging-URL.png/600px-MediaWiki-Purging-URL.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="420"/></a><figcaption>Purge cache by adding <code>?action=purge</code> to the URL</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MediaWiki-Purging-for-IPs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MediaWiki-Purging-for-IPs.png/300px-MediaWiki-Purging-for-IPs.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MediaWiki-Purging-for-IPs.png/450px-MediaWiki-Purging-for-IPs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MediaWiki-Purging-for-IPs.png/600px-MediaWiki-Purging-for-IPs.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="328"/></a><figcaption>You have to confirm purging. This is normal, just click "Yes". <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOBREAK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOBREAK">You can't break anything</a> by doing it.</figcaption></figure> <p>You can also request the MediaWiki server to purge using a special URL. The URL should be in the format <code>//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=<i>page_title</i>&action=purge</code> (it can be prefixed with <code>http:</code>, <code>https:</code>, or with nothing). </p><p>Note that this will not work with URLs of the form <code>//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<i>page_title</i></code>, for which a slightly different form is required: <code>//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<i>page_title</i>?action=purge</code>. In both cases the text needs to be placed before the <a href="/wiki/URL_fragment" class="mw-redirect" title="URL fragment">URL fragment</a> if one is there. </p><p>Another way is using the page <a href="/wiki/Special:Purge" title="Special:Purge">Special:Purge</a>. It can be used directly by accessing it and providing the title of the target page, or through accessing a link that already supplies the page, like <code>//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Purge/page_title</code>. </p><p>It may be easiest to make the URL by clicking "edit" or "view source" tab of the page, and changing the last portion of the URL's <a href="/wiki/Query_string" title="Query string">query string</a> from <code>action=edit</code> to <code>action=purge</code> (anything in the URL that appears after <code>action=edit</code> can be deleted). </p><p>This kind of URL is used to make the links and templates outlined in the <a href="#By_clicking_a_link">Just by clicking a link</a> section above. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Null_edit" data-mw-thread-id="h-Null_edit-How_to_purge"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Null_edit-How_to_purge"></span>Null edit<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Null_edit-How_to_purge"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:NULL"></span><span id="WP:NULLEDIT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NULL&redirect=no">WP:NULL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NULLEDIT&redirect=no">WP:NULLEDIT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with a <a href="/wiki/Help:Dummy_edit" title="Help:Dummy edit">dummy edit</a>, which slightly changes the page.</div> <p>If a category or backlink page isn't showing linked articles known to exist, the page may be null-edited (refreshed) and will then show all properly linked articles. </p><p>A <b>null edit</b> purges the target page (including category and backlink pages) if the page can be edited: </p> <ol><li>Click any "Edit" or "Edit source" link on the page.</li> <li>Click "Publish changes" at the bottom of the edit box without making <i>any changes</i>.</li></ol> <p>With a null edit, nothing is saved, and no edit is recorded. If you leave text in the edit summary, it will be discarded. Adding or deleting blank lines <i>only at the end</i> of the page is also usually a null edit. Trailing blank lines are largely ignored. Adding or deleting blank lines in section edits, however, sometimes results in changes, and gets saved. </p><p>A page move or protection counts as a null edit as well, although an edit is recorded in the page history. </p><p><b>Advantage</b> </p><p>None of the other purge methods apply to categorization, nor to "what links here" changes from template edits. </p><p><b>Disadvantage</b> </p><p>If you can't edit the page, you can't perform a null edit to it. If you're looking for category or backlink updates, but cannot perform a null edit to the page, all you need to do is simply wait, or ask another editor who is capable of editing the page to do it for you. <i>Changes in category links are put into the <a href="/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">job queue</a>, and re-cached when the server load is low. Depending on how busy the server is, the page may take days, or even months, to be updated.</i> </p><p>Do not confuse a <i>null edit</i> with a <i><a href="/wiki/Help:Dummy_edit" title="Help:Dummy edit">dummy edit</a></i>. A dummy edit <i>does</i> modify the page source (even if only slightly), and <i>does</i> result in the edit being saved and logged to the page's edit history. </p><p>If you have access to use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AWB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AWB">AutoWikiBrowser</a> editor and need to purge a large number of pages (e.g., after changing a transcluded template), one way to do this is to click the save button without making any changes. No changes will be made, but the page will be purged. </p><p>When you need to null edit a larger number of pages in a category (existing or not-existing), one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/List#Purging" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/List">these tools</a> may be used (e.g. <a href="/wiki/User:Ahecht/Scripts/refresh.js" title="User:Ahecht/Scripts/refresh.js">User:Ahecht/Scripts/refresh.js</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purge_local_browser_cache" data-mw-thread-id="h-Purge_local_browser_cache-How_to_purge"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Purge_local_browser_cache-How_to_purge"></span>Purge local browser cache<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Purge_local_browser_cache-How_to_purge"></span></h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Firefox</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>:<br/><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">F5</kbd> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">R</kbd> <hr/> <p><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>:<br/> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌘</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">R</kbd> (reload page) or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌘</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">R</kbd> (reload page and rewrite cache) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>:<br/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">F5</kbd> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">F5</kbd> <hr/> <p><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>:<br/> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌘</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">R</kbd> (reload page) or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌘</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">R</kbd> (force reload page) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Konqueror" title="Konqueror">Konqueror</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">R</kbd> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">F5</kbd> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">R</kbd> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">F5</kbd> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">F5</kbd> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Safari_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Safari (software)">Safari</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌘</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">E</kbd> (clearing browser cache) or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌘</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">R</kbd> (update) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="forcerecursivelinkupdate" data-mw-thread-id="h-forcerecursivelinkupdate-How_to_purge"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-forcerecursivelinkupdate-How_to_purge"></span>forcerecursivelinkupdate<span data-mw-comment-end="h-forcerecursivelinkupdate-How_to_purge"></span></h3></div> <p>The behaviour of null edits changed around July 2013. Null edits previously added all pages which transcluded the page to the job queue to be reparsed. Now a null edit will reparse the page edited just as it always has (and therefore fix category membership and such), but it will no longer queue every transcluding page for reparse too. </p><p>A new "forcerecursivelinkupdate" parameter was added to the API's action=purge to get the old behavior if necessary. So <code>action=purge&forcerecursivelinkupdate=1</code> in the URL (see <a href="#Purge_request_to_server">above</a>) will get the old behaviour. Only use this responsibly. </p><p>These changes <i>do not</i> affect normal edits that change the content of a page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_preference" data-mw-thread-id="h-User_preference-How_to_purge"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-User_preference-How_to_purge"></span>User preference<span data-mw-comment-end="h-User_preference-How_to_purge"></span></h3></div> <p>Logged-in users have some options in their <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences" title="Special:Preferences">Special:Preferences</a> to help purging and bypassing browser caches. See also <a href="/wiki/Special:Gadgets" title="Special:Gadgets">Special:Gadgets</a>. For purge gadgets in Commons, see <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:purge" class="extiw" title="commons:Help:purge">commons:Help:purge</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Automating_the_confirmation_screen" data-mw-thread-id="h-Automating_the_confirmation_screen-User_preference"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Automating_the_confirmation_screen-User_preference"></span>Automating the confirmation screen<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Automating_the_confirmation_screen-User_preference"></span></h4></div> <p>Logged in users may automate the "OK" confirmation by modifying <a href="/wiki/Special:MyPage/common.js" title="Special:MyPage/common.js">their custom common.js file</a>. An example script is below: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-javascript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cm">/* Automate purge confirmation dialog */</span> <span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">mw</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">config</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'wgAction'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'purge'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">$</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'form[action*="action=purge"]'</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">submit</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Server_cache" data-mw-thread-id="h-Server_cache"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Server_cache"></span>Server cache<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Server_cache"></span></h2></div> <p>When a change is made to a page, the <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> software saves the change to the main database. Thereafter a copy of that page is made to a "server cache" on secondary servers, and until the page is changed again, that cached page will be shown. A change in a template puts updates of articles that use the template into a waiting list, called the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Job_queue" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Job queue">Job queue</a>, and the page is updated once it has reached its turn. Smaller changes to the cache are done when pages are deleted or restored, in that case only the links are updated. Similarly when an image is updated, thumbnails on all pages that use that image are updated.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Category_counts" data-mw-thread-id="h-Category_counts-Server_cache"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Category_counts-Server_cache"></span>Category counts<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Category_counts-Server_cache"></span></h3></div> <p>Counts in categories are normally done by adding to the count when a page is added to an category and subtracting when an page is removed. In categories with less than 5000 members users can purge the category to update the count. Since April 2022, larger categories are recounted monthly.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Templates-Server_cache"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Templates-Server_cache"></span>Templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Templates-Server_cache"></span></h3></div> <p>In a future update, in templates, the <code>#time</code> parser function and the <code>formatDate()</code> function in Modules will update server cache once the resulting time is up.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If none of the previous conditions are met, then the page will be updated 30 days after the last edit.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some pages are updated more frequently, like the Main page, which is updated every hour. </p> <hr/> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Purge" title="Template:Purge">Purge</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li></ul> <p><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Purge&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page">Purge</span></a></span></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Purge_box" title="Template:Purge box">Purge box</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairytale_key_enter-2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Purge this page to refresh"><img alt="Purge this page to refresh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Fairytale_key_enter-2.png/32px-Fairytale_key_enter-2.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Fairytale_key_enter-2.png/48px-Fairytale_key_enter-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Fairytale_key_enter-2.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align:center;">If this page has been recently modified, it may not reflect the most recent changes.<br/>Please <span style="font-size: 115%; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Special:Purge/Help:Purge" title="Special:Purge/Help:Purge">purge this page</a></span> to view the most recent changes.</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Purge_button" title="Template:Purge button">Purge button</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232812373">.mw-parser-output .purge-button{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#202122);position:relative;font-size:85%;text-align:center}</style><div class="purge-button plainlinks noprint" style="float:left;margin:0 0.5em;; width:70px;"><span style="position:absolute;left:3px;top:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/96px-View-refresh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/128px-View-refresh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></span></span></span><a href="/wiki/Special:Purge/Help:Purge" title="Special:Purge/Help:Purge"><span style="display:block;position:relative;margin:-1px;padding:74px 0.4em 0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold;">Update this page</span></a></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Purge_link_portals" title="Template:Purge link portals">Purge link portals</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li></ul> <div style="text-align:center; margin:0.25em auto 0.75em"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Purge&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><b>Refresh with new selections below (purge)</b></span></a></span></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Purge_page" title="Template:Purge page">Purge page</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li></ul> <p><i class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Special:Purge/Help:Purge" title="Special:Purge/Help:Purge"><small>Purge server cache</small></a></i></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <ul><li>{{<a href="/wiki/User:UBX/Purge" title="User:UBX/Purge">User:UBX/Purge</a>}}</li></ul> <div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid #999;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:#eee;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:#ddd;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;color:black;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Purge&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/45px-View-refresh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/68px-View-refresh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/90px-View-refresh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></span></span></span></a></span></td><td style="border:0;text-align:left;font-size:18pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.25em;color:black;vertical-align:middle"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Purge&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page">Purge</span></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Images-Server_cache"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Images-Server_cache"></span>Images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Images-Server_cache"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Purge" class="extiw" title="commons:Help:Purge">Commons:Help:Purge</a></div> <p>To refresh thumbnails, you may have to purge either or both of the image page and/or the page that loads the image. </p><p>First go to the image description page by clicking the image. You should go further to Commons if the image is from Commons. Then purge. (Purge gadgets seem to work consistently. See <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Purge" class="extiw" title="commons:Help:Purge">commons:Help:Purge</a> for Commons gadgets.) It may take a while for MediaWiki to complete rescaling, especially for an animated GIF. It depends on how busy the MediaWiki software is. </p><p>After a while, go back to the page with thumbnails and reload, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">bypassing your browser cache</a> (Ctrl-F5 on Firefox). If the page still shows the old thumbnails, then purge this page. </p><p>If an image thumbnail will not yet regenerate successfully, it is probably because the server has cached an error page with the URL of a thumbnail, but the page is not purged because the actual thumbnail does not exist. The solution is to request the thumbnail with an unusual URL, say by appending "<code>?1</code>" to the end, then do a usual purge. If there is still a problem, ask for help at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">Help:Transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Purge" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:Purge">Manual:Purge on MediaWiki</a>, <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Cache" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:Cache">Manual:Cache on MediaWiki</a>, and <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Job_queue" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:Job queue">Manual:Job queue on MediaWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">Wikipedia:Bypass your cache</a>, related but different concept of clearing a cache locally</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Job_queue#HTML_cache_invalidation" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:Job queue">mw:Manual:Job_queue#HTML_cache_invalidation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299823" class="extiw" title="phab:T299823">phab:T299823</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/core/%2B/135887/" class="extiw" title="gerrit:c/mediawiki/core/+/135887/">gerrit:c/mediawiki/core/+/135887/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/operations/puppet/%2B/230808/2/modules/role/manifests/cache/text.pp" class="extiw" title="gerrit:c/operations/puppet/+/230808/2/modules/role/manifests/cache/text.pp">gerrit:c/operations/puppet/+/230808/2/modules/role/manifests/cache/text.pp</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Purge_Pages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Purge_Pages" title="Template:Purge Pages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Purge_Pages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Purge Pages (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Purge_Pages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Purge Pages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Purge_Pages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Purge Pages</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General purge templates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Purge" title="Template:Purge">Purge</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Purge_box" title="Template:Purge box">Purge box</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Purge_button" title="Template:Purge button">Purge button</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Purge_link_portals" title="Template:Purge link portals">Purge link portals</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Purge_page" title="Template:Purge page">Purge page</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li>{{<a href="/wiki/User:UBX/Purge" title="User:UBX/Purge">User:UBX/Purge</a>}}</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">About Purge on Wikipedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Purge" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Purge">Wikipedia:Purge</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Purge" class="extiw" title="commons:Template:Purge">commons:Template:Purge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Purge&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page">Purge</span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template talk:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory#Technical_help" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia technical help</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><b>Get personal technical help at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">the Teahouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">help desk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">village pump (technical)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages/1" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages/1">talk pages</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a>.</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical">General<br/>technical help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Browser_notes" title="Wikipedia:Browser notes">Browser notes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">Bypass cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Keyboard_shortcuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:CharInsert" title="Help:CharInsert">CharInsert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Edit toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">Multilingual support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_information" title="Help:Page information">Page information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Printing" title="Help:Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Software_notices" title="Wikipedia:Software notices">Software notices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editnotice" title="Wikipedia:Editnotice">Editnotice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Entering_special_characters" title="Help:Entering special characters">Entering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">User access levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:VisualEditor" title="Help:VisualEditor">Help</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special<br/>page</a>-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special page help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:AllPages" title="Help:AllPages">AllPages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter">Edit filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">Emailing users</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Reset passwords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Log" title="Help:Log">Logs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_merging" title="Wikipedia:History merging">History merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22" title="Help:When to place technical requests in "Administrator needed"">Non-admin and admin-only page moves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications" title="Help:Notifications">Notifications/Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications/FAQ" title="Help:Notifications/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation/Help" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help">Page Curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Page import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">Pending changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Random" title="Wikipedia:Random">Random pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Watchlist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Line-break_handling" title="Help:Line-break handling">Line-break handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">For beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_expressions" title="Help:Conditional expressions">Conditional expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Switch_parser_function" title="Help:Switch parser function">Switch parser function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Time_function" title="Help:Time function">Time function</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections and TOCs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_tables_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to tables with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Basic_table_markup" title="Help:Basic table markup">Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Advanced_table_formatting" title="Help:Advanced table formatting">Advanced table formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Collapsing" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Collapsing">Collapsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_tables" title="Help:Conditional tables">Conditional tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sortable_tables" title="Help:Sortable tables">Sortable tables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Using_colours" title="Help:Using colours">Using colours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diffs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">Permanent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Media">Media</a> files: images,<br/>videos and sounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Family_trees" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formulas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Use_of_HTML_templates" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Musical scores</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a> and<br/><a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template_limits" title="Help:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">Transclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Costs and benefits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling">Guide to Scribbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:File_description_page" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">Simple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_guide" title="Wikipedia:User page design guide">User page design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedMediaHandler extension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Useful_styles" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a><br/>and tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/List" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features at MediaWiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automated editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AntiVandal" title="Wikipedia:AntiVandal">AntiVandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_of_Wikipedia_bots" title="Wikipedia:History of Wikipedia bots">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RedWarn" title="Wikipedia:RedWarn">RedWarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ultraviolet" title="Wikipedia:Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li>Inactive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>See also: <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a></b><br/>Further navigation at: <a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility/Navigation_menu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_accounts" title="Template:Wikipedia accounts">Accounts</a></li> <li><a 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