CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Retrogaming - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"fbad9842-b81f-47b2-bcd5-0043fcccc6a5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Retrogaming","wgTitle":"Retrogaming","wgCurRevisionId":1256917002,"wgRevisionId":1256917002,"wgArticleId":2491812,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from May 2023","All articles needing additional references","Use mdy dates from August 2022","Nostalgia","Video game culture"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Retrogaming","wgRelevantArticleId":2491812, "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1125949","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lange_Nacht_der_Computerspiele_1.JPG/1200px-Lange_Nacht_der_Computerspiele_1.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lange_Nacht_der_Computerspiele_1.JPG/800px-Lange_Nacht_der_Computerspiele_1.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lange_Nacht_der_Computerspiele_1.JPG/640px-Lange_Nacht_der_Computerspiele_1.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Retrogaming - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogaming"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogaming"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Retrogaming rootpage-Retrogaming skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Retrogaming" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Retrogaming" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Retrogaming" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Retrogaming" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retrogaming_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retrogaming_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Retrogaming methods</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Retrogaming_methods-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Retrogaming methods subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Retrogaming_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vintage_retrogaming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vintage_retrogaming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Vintage retrogaming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vintage_retrogaming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retrogaming_emulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retrogaming_emulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Retrogaming emulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retrogaming_emulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ported_retrogaming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ported_retrogaming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ported retrogaming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ported_retrogaming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Remakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Remakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Re-releases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Re-releases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Re-releases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Re-releases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plug-and-play_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plug-and-play_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Plug-and-play systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plug-and-play_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_Word" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_Word"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History of Word</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_Word-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retrogaming_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retrogaming_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Retrogaming community</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Retrogaming_community-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Retrogaming community subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Retrogaming_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Online" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Online</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fighting_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighting_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Fighting games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fighting_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exhibitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exhibitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Exhibitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exhibitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legal issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legal issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Copyright_infringement_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright_infringement_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Copyright infringement cases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copyright_infringement_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nintendo_of_America_Inc._v._Tropic_Haze_LLC,_No." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nintendo_of_America_Inc._v._Tropic_Haze_LLC,_No."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span><i>Nintendo of America Inc. v. Tropic Haze LLC, No.</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nintendo_of_America_Inc._v._Tropic_Haze_LLC,_No.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nintendo_of_America_Incorporated_v._Mathias_Designs_LLC." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nintendo_of_America_Incorporated_v._Mathias_Designs_LLC."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span><i>Nintendo of America Incorporated v. Mathias Designs LLC.</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nintendo_of_America_Incorporated_v._Mathias_Designs_LLC.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sony_Computer_Entertainment_Inc._v._Connectix_Corp." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sony_Computer_Entertainment_Inc._v._Connectix_Corp."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span><i>Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. v. Connectix Corp.</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sony_Computer_Entertainment_Inc._v._Connectix_Corp.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sega_Enterprises_Ltd._v._Accolade,_Inc." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sega_Enterprises_Ltd._v._Accolade,_Inc."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span><i>Sega Enterprises Ltd. v. Accolade, Inc.</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sega_Enterprises_Ltd._v._Accolade,_Inc.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lewis_Galoob_Toys,_Inc._v._Nintendo_of_America,_Inc." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lewis_Galoob_Toys,_Inc._v._Nintendo_of_America,_Inc."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.5</span> <span><i>Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lewis_Galoob_Toys,_Inc._v._Nintendo_of_America,_Inc.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Retrogaming</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogaming" title="Retrogaming – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Retrogaming" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogaming" title="Retrogaming – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Retrogaming" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="رترو گیمینگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رترو گیمینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogaming" title="Retrogaming – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Retrogaming" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C_%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84" title="레트로 게임 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레트로 게임" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permainan_retro" title="Permainan retro – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Permainan retro" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogaming" title="Retrogaming – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Retrogaming" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retro-gaming" title="Retro-gaming – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Retro-gaming" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="レトロゲーム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レトロゲーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogaming" title="Retrogaming – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Retrogaming" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogaming" title="Retrogaming – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Retrogaming" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Ретрогейминг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ретрогейминг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retropelaaminen" title="Retropelaaminen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Retropelaaminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrospel" title="Retrospel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Retrospel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="เรโทรเกมมิ่ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรโทรเกมมิ่ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogaming" title="Retrogaming – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Retrogaming" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%87%B7%E8%88%8A%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="懷舊遊戲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="懷舊遊戲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%8F%A4%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="复古游戏 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="复古游戏" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1125949#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Retrogaming" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Retrogaming" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Retrogaming"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Retrogaming"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Retrogaming" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Retrogaming" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&oldid=1256917002" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Retrogaming&id=1256917002&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRetrogaming"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRetrogaming"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Retrogaming&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Retro_gaming" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1125949" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cultural activity with old video games</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Retrogaming" title="Special:EditPage/Retrogaming">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Retrogaming%22">"Retrogaming"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Retrogaming%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Retrogaming%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Retrogaming%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Retrogaming%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Retrogaming%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akihabara_-_Super_Potato_Retro_Game_Shop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Akihabara_-_Super_Potato_Retro_Game_Shop.jpg/220px-Akihabara_-_Super_Potato_Retro_Game_Shop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Akihabara_-_Super_Potato_Retro_Game_Shop.jpg/330px-Akihabara_-_Super_Potato_Retro_Game_Shop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Akihabara_-_Super_Potato_Retro_Game_Shop.jpg/440px-Akihabara_-_Super_Potato_Retro_Game_Shop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="3034" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Super_Potato" title="Super Potato">Super Potato</a>, a retro game store in <a href="/wiki/Akihabara" title="Akihabara">Akihabara</a>, Tokyo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lange_Nacht_der_Computerspiele_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lange_Nacht_der_Computerspiele_1.JPG/220px-Lange_Nacht_der_Computerspiele_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lange_Nacht_der_Computerspiele_1.JPG/330px-Lange_Nacht_der_Computerspiele_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lange_Nacht_der_Computerspiele_1.JPG/440px-Lange_Nacht_der_Computerspiele_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Gameplay of <i><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kidd_in_Miracle_World" title="Alex Kidd in Miracle World">Alex Kidd in Miracle World</a></i> on a <a href="/wiki/Master_System" title="Master System">Master System</a>, and others in the background, in 2012</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Retrogaming</b>, also known as <b>classic gaming</b> and <b>old school gaming</b>, is the playing and collection of <a href="/wiki/Computer_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer game">personal computers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">consoles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a> from earlier decades. Usually, retrogaming is based upon systems that are outmoded or discontinued, although ported retrogaming allows games to be played on modern hardware via <a href="/wiki/Porting" title="Porting">ports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">emulations</a> or compilations. It is typically for <a href="/wiki/Nostalgia" title="Nostalgia">nostalgia</a>, preservation, or authenticity. A new game could be retro styled, such as an <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">RPG</a> with turn-based combat and <a href="/wiki/Pixel_art" title="Pixel art">pixel art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Isometric_video_game_graphics" title="Isometric video game graphics">isometric camera perspective</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Chiptune" title="Chiptune">chip-tune</a> styled <a href="/wiki/Video_game_music" title="Video game music">music</a>. </p><p>Retrogaming has existed since the early years of the video game industry, and was popularized with the Internet and <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">emulation</a> technology.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is argued that the main reasons players are drawn to retrogames are nostalgia for different eras,<sup id="cite_ref-NGenFit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGenFit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the idea that older games are more innovative and original,<sup id="cite_ref-NGenFit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGenFit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the simplicity of the games. </p><p>Retrogaming and <a href="/wiki/Retrocomputing" title="Retrocomputing">retrocomputing</a> have been described as <a href="/wiki/Digital_preservation" title="Digital preservation">preservation</a> activity and as aspects of the <a href="/wiki/Remix_culture" title="Remix culture">remix culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Youtube channels dedicated to retrogaming have gained a considerable following, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Angry_Video_Game_Nerd" title="Angry Video Game Nerd">Angry Video Game Nerd</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Game Sack</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Games">Games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The distinction between retro and modern is heavily debated, but it usually coincides with either the shift from 2D to 3D games (making the fourth the last retro generation, and the fifth the first modern), the turn of the millennium and the increase in online gaming (making the fifth the last retro generation, and the sixth the first modern), or the switch from analog to digital for audiovisual output and from 4:3 to 16:9 aspect ratio (making the sixth the last retro generation, and the seventh the first modern). They can be played on original hardware or in modern <a href="/wiki/Emulator" title="Emulator">emulation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retrogaming_methods">Retrogaming methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Retrogaming methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With increasing nostalgia and success of retro compilations in the fifth, sixth, and seventh generations of consoles, retrogaming has become a <a href="/wiki/Motif_(visual_arts)" title="Motif (visual arts)">motif</a> in modern games. Modern retrogames impose limitations on color palette, resolution, and memory well below the actual limits of the hardware, to mimic the look of old hardware. These may be based on a general concept of retro, as with <i><a href="/wiki/Cave_Story" title="Cave Story">Cave Story</a></i>, or an attempt to imitate a specific piece of hardware, as with the <a href="/wiki/MSX" title="MSX">MSX</a> color palette of <i><a href="/wiki/La_Mulana" class="mw-redirect" title="La Mulana">La Mulana</a></i>. </p><p>This concept, known as deliberate retro<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and NosCon,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gained popularity due part to the independent gaming scene,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the short development time was attractive and commercial viability was not a concern. Major publishers have embraced modern retrogaming with releases such as <i><a href="/wiki/Mega_Man_9" title="Mega Man 9">Mega Man 9</a></i> which mimics NES hardware; <i><a href="/wiki/Retro_Game_Challenge" title="Retro Game Challenge">Retro Game Challenge</a></i>, a compilation of new games on faux-NES hardware; and Sega's <i><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Zone_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Zone II">Fantasy Zone II</a></i> remake, which uses emulated <a href="/wiki/System_16" class="mw-redirect" title="System 16">System 16</a> hardware running on <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> to create a 16-bit reimagining of the 8-bit original. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vintage_retrogaming">Vintage retrogaming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vintage retrogaming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Used_Super_Famicom_consoles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Used_Super_Famicom_consoles.jpg/220px-Used_Super_Famicom_consoles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Used_Super_Famicom_consoles.jpg/330px-Used_Super_Famicom_consoles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Used_Super_Famicom_consoles.jpg/440px-Used_Super_Famicom_consoles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Used Super Famicom consoles and games are sold in like new condition in Akihabara. Used games are sold with or without packaging.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Vintage retrogaming can involve collecting original cartridge and disc media<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and arcade and console hardware, which can be expensive and rare.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most are priced lower than their original retail prices.<sup id="cite_ref-NGenReal_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGenReal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularity of vintage retrogaming has led to counterfeit media, which generally lack collectible value.<sup id="cite_ref-NGenReal_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGenReal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 2020 <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, prices for vintage hardware began spiking to much higher levels than before the pandemic, mostly attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Millennial" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennial">millennial</a> generation pursuing the hobby during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">lockdown</a> due to boredom and nostalgia.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retrogaming_emulation">Retrogaming emulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Retrogaming emulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">Video game emulator</a></div> <p>Retrogaming may involve older game systems being emulated on modern hardware. It bypasses the need to collect older consoles and original games. Read-only memory (ROM) files are copied by third parties, directly from the original media. They are then typically put online through file sharing sites.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are often sold as re-releases, typically in compilations containing multiple games running on emulation software.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The accessibility of emulation popularized and expanded on retrogaming.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ported_retrogaming">Ported retrogaming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ported retrogaming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ported retrogaming involves original games being converted to native on new systems, just as in emulation but without original ROM files.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ported games are available through official collections, console-based downloads, and <a href="/wiki/Handheld_TV_game" title="Handheld TV game">plug and play systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ported retrogaming is comparatively rare, since emulation is a much easier and more accurate method. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Remakes">Remakes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Remakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Video_game_remake" title="Video game remake">Video game remake</a></div> <p>Modern retrogaming may be more broadly applied to retro-style designs and reimaginings with more modern graphics. These enhanced <a href="/wiki/Remake_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remake (software)">remakes</a> include <i><a href="/wiki/Pac-Man:_Championship_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Pac-Man: Championship Edition">Pac-Man: Championship Edition</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders_Extreme" title="Space Invaders Extreme">Space Invaders Extreme</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Mega_Worm" title="Super Mega Worm">Super Mega Worm</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/3D_Dot_Game_Heroes" title="3D Dot Game Heroes">3D Dot Game Heroes</a></i>. Some are based directly upon the enhanced emulation of original games, as with Nintendo's <i><a href="/wiki/NES_Remix" title="NES Remix">NES Remix</a></i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paku-paku4-dos.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Paku-paku4-dos.png/220px-Paku-paku4-dos.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Paku-paku4-dos.png/330px-Paku-paku4-dos.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Paku-paku4-dos.png/440px-Paku-paku4-dos.png 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption><i>Paku Paku</i> is a <i><a href="/wiki/Pac-Man" title="Pac-Man">Pac-Man</a></i> remake that targets the obscure 160×100×16 mode of the <a href="/wiki/Color_Graphics_Adapter" title="Color Graphics Adapter">CGA</a> <a href="/wiki/Graphic_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphic card">graphic card</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>When remakes are created by an individual or a group of enthusiasts without commercial motivation, such games sometimes are also called <a href="/wiki/Fangames" class="mw-redirect" title="Fangames">fangames</a>. These are often motivated by the phenomenon of <a href="/wiki/Abandonware" title="Abandonware">abandonware</a>, which is the discontinuation of sales and support by the original producers. Examples of <a href="/wiki/Fan-made" class="mw-redirect" title="Fan-made">fan-made</a> remakes are <i><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Quest_I:_Quest_for_the_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="King's Quest I: Quest for the Crown">King's Quest I: Quest for the Crown</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Quest_II:_Romancing_the_Stones" title="King's Quest II: Romancing the Stones">King's Quest II: Romancing the Stones</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Freeciv" title="Freeciv">Freeciv</a></i>. </p><p>The nostalgia-based revival of past game styles has also been accompanied by the development of the modern <a href="/wiki/Chiptunes#Today" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiptunes">chiptune genre</a> of game music. Chiptunes are characterized by severe limitations of sound imposed by the author's self-restriction to using only the original sound chips from 8-bit or 16-bit games. These compositions are featured in many retro-style modern games and are popular in the <a href="/wiki/Demoscene" title="Demoscene">demoscene</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Re-releases">Re-releases</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Re-releases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> With the new possibility of <a href="/wiki/Online_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Online distribution">online distribution</a> in the mid-2000s, the commercial distribution of older games became feasible, as deployment and storage costs dropped significantly: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... we can put something up on Steam [a digital distributor], deliver it to people all around the world, make changes. We can take more interesting risks ... Retail doesn't know how to deal with those games. On Steam there's no shelf-space restriction. It's great because they're a bunch of old, orphaned games</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Gabe_Newell" title="Gabe Newell">Gabe Newell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock,_Paper,_Shotgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock, Paper, Shotgun">Rock, Paper, Shotgun</a><sup id="cite_ref-newell2007_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newell2007-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>A digital distributor specialized in bringing older games out of abandonware is <i><a href="/wiki/GOG.com" title="GOG.com">GOG.com</a></i> (formerly called <i>Good Old Games</i>) who started in 2008 to search for copyright holders of older games to re-release them legally and <a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">DRM</a>-free.<sup id="cite_ref-arspreview_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arspreview-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other companies have also been established to rerelease retro games, including <a href="/wiki/Limited_Run_Games" title="Limited Run Games">Limited Run Games</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iam8bit" title="Iam8bit">iam8bit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Online platforms for older video game re-releases include Nintendo's <a href="/wiki/Virtual_Console" title="Virtual Console">Virtual Console</a> and Sony's <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Network" title="PlayStation Network">PlayStation Network</a>. </p><p>Mobile application developers have been purchasing the rights and licensing to re-release older arcade games on iOS and Android operating systems. Some publishers are creating spinoffs to their older games, keeping the core gameplay while adding new features, levels, and styles of play. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plug-and-play_systems">Plug-and-play systems</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Plug-and-play systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Handheld_TV_game" title="Handheld TV game">Plug-and-play systems</a> have been released or licensed by companies such as <a href="/wiki/Atari_Flashback" title="Atari Flashback">Atari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NES_Classic_Edition" title="NES Classic Edition">Nintendo</a>. These systems include stand-alone game libraries and plug directly into the user's television.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_Word">History of Word</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History of Word"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first known instance of the term "Retro" in terms of gaming came from the online video game store RetroGames<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> launched in 1997 as a joint effort of Turbo Zone Direct and Robert Frasure, specializing in primarily TurboGrafx, Sega Master System, and NES systems and repairs. This was quickly followed by the emulation website retrogames.com in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original word was coined by Robert Frasure when he found that "Flashback Games" was taken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retrogaming_community">Retrogaming community</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Retrogaming community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_-_The_Art_of_Video_Games_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Logo_-_The_Art_of_Video_Games_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="169" /></a><figcaption><i>The Art of Video Games</i> premiered at the Smithsonian American Art Museum in 2012.</figcaption></figure> <p>The retrogaming market is active with online and physical spaces where retrogames are discussed, collected, and played.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online">Online</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Online"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several websites and online forums are devoted to retrogaming. The content on these online platforms typically includes reviews of older games, interviews with developers, fan-made content, game walkthroughs, and message boards for discussions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many gameplay videos posted online feature attempts at breaking <a href="/wiki/Speedrun" class="mw-redirect" title="Speedrun">speedrun</a> or <a href="/wiki/Score_(game)#High_score" title="Score (game)">high score</a> records. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fighting_games">Fighting games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fighting games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The competitive <a href="/wiki/Fighting_game_community" title="Fighting game community">Fighting game community</a> comes from arcades, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Street_Fighter" title="Street Fighter">Street Fighter</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat" title="Mortal Kombat">Mortal Kombat</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">fighting games</a> have continued to receive arcade releases after the end of the arcade era.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Face-to-face competition of <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Street_Fighter_II_Turbo" title="Super Street Fighter II Turbo">Super Street Fighter II Turbo</a></i> has been featured in the <a href="/wiki/Evolution_Championship_Series" title="Evolution Championship Series">Evolution Championship Series</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exhibitions">Exhibitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Exhibitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Events typically include vendors, gameplay, tournaments, costumes, and live music. The <a href="/wiki/Classic_Tetris_World_Championship" title="Classic Tetris World Championship">Classic Tetris World Championship</a> has been streamed online to millions of views and recaps have been broadcast on <a href="/wiki/ESPN2" title="ESPN2">ESPN2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Retrogaming is recognized by <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museums</a> worldwide. For example, the <i>RetroGames</i> arcade museum of <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> was founded in 2002<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Computerspielemuseum_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Computerspielemuseum Berlin">Computerspielemuseum Berlin</a> was founded in 1997. Some classical art museums bear a video gaming retrospective, as with 2012's <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Art Museum">Smithsonian American Art Museum</a> exhibition titled <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Video_Games" title="The Art of Video Games">The Art of Video Games</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-USAT_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAT-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as part of the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> "Applied Design" exhibition in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in 2015, <a href="/wiki/The_Strong_National_Museum_of_Play" title="The Strong National Museum of Play">The Strong National Museum of Play</a> adds games annually to the <a href="/wiki/World_Video_Game_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Video Game Hall of Fame">World Video Game Hall of Fame</a>. In 2016, the first museum dedicated solely to the history of the videogame industry, The <a href="/wiki/National_Videogame_Museum_(United_States)" title="National Videogame Museum (United States)">National Videogame Museum</a>, was opened in Frisco, Texas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Legal issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An exemption in the United States' <a href="/wiki/Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act" title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">Digital Millennium Copyright Act</a> allows consumers to modify video games they already own to make them playable.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the duration of copyright on creative works in most countries is far longer than the era of home computing, leading to criticism that software piracy is the only way to preserve some titles. In some cases, such as <i><a href="/wiki/No_One_Lives_Forever" class="mw-redirect" title="No One Lives Forever">No One Lives Forever</a></i>, the rights remain ambiguous, preventing legal distribution.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emulators are typically created by third parties, and the software they run is often taken directly from the original games and put online for free download.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it is completely legal for anyone to create an emulator for any hardware, unauthorized distribution of the code for a retro game is an infringement of the game's copyright.<sup id="cite_ref-NGenEmu_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGenEmu-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some companies have made public statements, such as Nintendo, stating that "the introduction of emulators created to play illegally copied Nintendo software represents the greatest threat to date in the intellectual property rights of video game developers".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, video game developers and publishers typically ignore emulation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One reason for this is that at any given time, most of the games illegally distributed for emulation are not presently being sold by the company which owns the game, and so the financial damages in a successful lawsuit would likely be negligible.<sup id="cite_ref-NGenEmu_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGenEmu-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copyright_infringement_cases">Copyright infringement cases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Copyright infringement cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nintendo_of_America_Inc._v._Tropic_Haze_LLC,_No."><span id="Nintendo_of_America_Inc._v._Tropic_Haze_LLC.2C_No."></span><i>Nintendo of America Inc. v. Tropic Haze LLC, No.</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Nintendo of America Inc. v. Tropic Haze LLC, No."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nintendo filed a lawsuit in 2024 against Tropic Haze, claiming <a href="/wiki/Yuzu_(emulator)" title="Yuzu (emulator)">Yuzu</a>, Tropic Haze's emulator, infringed copyright by reverse engineering Nintendo's hardware. The settlement that was reached included Tropic Haze paying $2.4 million and halting their emulator projects.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nintendo_of_America_Incorporated_v._Mathias_Designs_LLC."><i>Nintendo of America Incorporated v. Mathias Designs LLC.</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Nintendo of America Incorporated v. Mathias Designs LLC."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nintendo sued the owner of LoveROMs.com and LoveRETRO.co in 2018 for hosting copyrighted game files and facilitating piracy. The court awarded Nintendo $12,230,000 in damages, leading to the shutdown of the sites.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sony_Computer_Entertainment_Inc._v._Connectix_Corp."><a href="/wiki/Sony_Computer_Entertainment,_Inc._v._Connectix_Corp." title="Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp."><i>Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. v. Connectix Corp.</i></a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. v. Connectix Corp."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, Sony sued Connectix, and the court issued a preliminary injunction against Connectix for copyright infringement on their <a href="/wiki/Connectix_Virtual_Game_Station" title="Connectix Virtual Game Station">Virtual Game Station</a>, an emulator enabling PC users to play <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a> games, violating Sony's BIOS copyright.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sega_Enterprises_Ltd._v._Accolade,_Inc."><span id="Sega_Enterprises_Ltd._v._Accolade.2C_Inc."></span><a href="/wiki/Sega_v._Accolade" title="Sega v. Accolade"><i>Sega Enterprises Ltd. v. Accolade, Inc.</i></a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sega Enterprises Ltd. v. Accolade, Inc."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sega Enterprises sued Accolade in 1992 for reverse engineering Sega's technology to develop compatible games for the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Sega Genesis</a> console. The court sided with Accolade, supporting certain reverse engineering efforts for compatibility.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lewis_Galoob_Toys,_Inc._v._Nintendo_of_America,_Inc."><span id="Lewis_Galoob_Toys.2C_Inc._v._Nintendo_of_America.2C_Inc."></span><i><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Galoob_Toys,_Inc._v._Nintendo_of_America,_Inc." title="Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.">Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.</a></i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1992, Lewis Galoob Toys was sued by Nintendo over the <a href="/wiki/Game_Genie" title="Game Genie">Game Genie</a>, a device allowing game modifications for personal use. The 9th District Court of Appeals ruled in favor of Lewis Galoob Toys, stating such modifications did not infringe copyright, permitting the continued sale of the <a href="/wiki/Game_Genie" title="Game Genie">Game Genie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_collecting" title="Video game collecting">Video game collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_retro_style_video_game_consoles" title="List of retro style video game consoles">List of retro style video game consoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_arcade_video_games" title="History of arcade video games">History of arcade video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_games" title="History of mobile games">History of mobile games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles" title="History of video game consoles">History of video game consoles</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Halcyon_Days_(book)" title="Halcyon Days (book)">Halcyon Days: Interviews with Classic Computer and Video Game Programmers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAME" title="MAME">MAME</a>, multi-system emulator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_School_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Old School Revival">Old School Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrocomputing" title="Retrocomputing">Retrocomputing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHeineman2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Heineman, David S. (January 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gamescriticism.org/articles/heineman-1-1/">"Public Memory and Gamer Identity: Retrogaming as Nostalgia"</a>. <i>Journal of Games Criticism</i>. Vol. 1, no. 1. pp. 1–24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Games+Criticism&rft.atitle=Public+Memory+and+Gamer+Identity%3A+Retrogaming+as+Nostalgia&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-24&rft.date=2014-01-22&rft.aulast=Heineman&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgamescriticism.org%2Farticles%2Fheineman-1-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGenFit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NGenFit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NGenFit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Revival of the Fittest". <i><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a></i>. No. 28. <a href="/wiki/Imagine_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Imagine Media">Imagine Media</a>. April 1997. pp. 36–45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Next+Generation&rft.atitle=Revival+of+the+Fittest&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=36-45&rft.date=1997-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuri_TakhteyevQuinn_DuPont2013" class="citation journal cs1">Yuri Takhteyev; Quinn DuPont (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080351/https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/38392/230.pdf?sequence=4">"Retrocomputing as Preservation and Remix"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IConference 2013 Proceedings</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>: 422–432. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.9776%2F13230">10.9776/13230</a> (inactive November 1, 2024). <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2142%2F38392">2142/38392</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/38392/230.pdf?sequence=4">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2016</span>. <q>This paper looks at the world of retrocomputing, a constellation of largely non-professional practices involving past computing technology. Retrocomputing includes many activities that can be seen as constituting 'preservation.' At the same time, it is often transformative, producing assemblages that 'remix' fragments from the past with newer elements or joining together historic components that were never combined before. While such 'remix' may seem to undermine preservation, it allows for fragments of computing history to be reintegrated into a living, ongoing practice, contributing to preservation in a broader sense. The seemingly unorganized nature of retrocomputing assemblages also provides space for alternative 'situated knowledges' and histories of computing, which can sometimes be quite sophisticated. Recognizing such alternative epistemologies paves the way for alternative approaches to preservation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IConference+2013+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Retrocomputing+as+Preservation+and+Remix&rft.pages=422-432&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2142%2F38392&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.9776%2F13230&rft.au=Yuri+Takhteyev&rft.au=Quinn+DuPont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ideals.illinois.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2142%2F38392%2F230.pdf%3Fsequence%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTruitt" class="citation news cs1">Truitt, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2014/09/02/angry-video-game-nerd-the-movie-exclusive-clip/14986761/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Angry Video Game Nerd' tackles Atari cartridge legend"</a>. <i>USA TODAY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=%27Angry+Video+Game+Nerd%27+tackles+Atari+cartridge+legend&rft.aulast=Truitt&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Flife%2Fmovies%2F2014%2F09%2F02%2Fangry-video-game-nerd-the-movie-exclusive-clip%2F14986761%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeleon2016" class="citation web cs1">Deleon, Nicholas (February 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/53dgg5/game-sack-goes-on-hiatus-from-youtube">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Game Sack' Went On Hiatus Because It's Hard to Be in YouTube's Middle Class"</a>. <i>Vice</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=%27Game+Sack%27+Went+On+Hiatus+Because+It%27s+Hard+to+Be+in+YouTube%27s+Middle+Class&rft.date=2016-02-10&rft.aulast=Deleon&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2F53dgg5%2Fgame-sack-goes-on-hiatus-from-youtube&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giantbomb.com/deliberately-retro/3015-996/">"Deliberately Retro"</a>. giantbomb.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227235851/http://www.giantbomb.com/deliberately-retro/3015-996/">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deliberately+Retro&rft.pub=giantbomb.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.giantbomb.com%2Fdeliberately-retro%2F3015-996%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giantbomb.com/noscon/3015-4537/">"NosCon"</a>. giantbomb.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107003420/https://www.giantbomb.com/noscon/3015-4537/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NosCon&rft.pub=giantbomb.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.giantbomb.com%2Fnoscon%2F3015-4537%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesradar.com/9-indie-games-shamelessly-inspired-retro-ancestors/">"9 indie games shamelessly inspired by retro ancestors"</a>. gamesradar.com. April 25, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171101043709/http://www.gamesradar.com/9-indie-games-shamelessly-inspired-retro-ancestors/">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=9+indie+games+shamelessly+inspired+by+retro+ancestors&rft.pub=gamesradar.com&rft.date=2014-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesradar.com%2F9-indie-games-shamelessly-inspired-retro-ancestors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-09-12-crippled-by-nostalgia-the-fraud-of-retro-gaming">"Crippled by Nostalgia: The Fraud of Retro Gaming"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a></i>. September 12, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141231124105/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-09-12-crippled-by-nostalgia-the-fraud-of-retro-gaming">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurogamer&rft.atitle=Crippled+by+Nostalgia%3A+The+Fraud+of+Retro+Gaming&rft.date=2012-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Farticles%2F2012-09-12-crippled-by-nostalgia-the-fraud-of-retro-gaming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-retrogaming.htm">"What is Retrogaming?"</a>. <i>wiseGEEK</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304015819/http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-retrogaming.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiseGEEK&rft.atitle=What+is+Retrogaming%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisegeek.com%2Fwhat-is-retrogaming.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161106185618/http://igcritic.com/what-happened-to-classic-video-game-packaging/">"What Happened to Classic Video Game Packaging? - IGCritic"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://igcritic.com/what-happened-to-classic-video-game-packaging/">the original</a> on November 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Happened+to+Classic+Video+Game+Packaging%3F+-+IGCritic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Figcritic.com%2Fwhat-happened-to-classic-video-game-packaging%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.racketboy.com/retro/nintendo/snes/the-rarest-and-most-valuable-super-nintendo-snes-games">"The Rarest and Most Valuable Super Nintendo (SNES) Games"</a>. February 21, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161122102238/http://www.racketboy.com/retro/nintendo/snes/the-rarest-and-most-valuable-super-nintendo-snes-games">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rarest+and+Most+Valuable+Super+Nintendo+%28SNES%29+Games&rft.date=2018-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.racketboy.com%2Fretro%2Fnintendo%2Fsnes%2Fthe-rarest-and-most-valuable-super-nintendo-snes-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGenReal-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NGenReal_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NGenReal_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"The Real Thing". <i><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a></i>. No. 28. <a href="/wiki/Imagine_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Imagine Media">Imagine Media</a>. April 1997. pp. 44–45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Next+Generation&rft.atitle=The+Real+Thing&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=44-45&rft.date=1997-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeubl2020" class="citation web cs1">Heubl, Ben (May 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2020/05/retro-gaming-boom-during-lockdown/">"Retro-gaming boom during lockdown"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Institution of Engineering and Technology">Institution of Engineering and Technology</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230125024507/https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2020/05/retro-gaming-boom-during-lockdown/">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institution+of+Engineering+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Retro-gaming+boom+during+lockdown&rft.date=2020-05-12&rft.aulast=Heubl&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feandt.theiet.org%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2020%2F05%2Fretro-gaming-boom-during-lockdown%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Classic Game Collections". <i><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a></i>. No. 28. <a href="/wiki/Imagine_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Imagine Media">Imagine Media</a>. April 1997. pp. 40–41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Next+Generation&rft.atitle=Classic+Game+Collections&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=40-41&rft.date=1997-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight" class="citation web cs1">Knight, Jason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deathshadow.com/pakuPaku">"Paku Paku – A game for early PC/MS-DOS Computers"</a>. deathshadow.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130119045715/http://www.deathshadow.com/pakuPaku">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paku+Paku+%E2%80%93+A+game+for+early+PC%2FMS-DOS+Computers&rft.pub=deathshadow.com&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deathshadow.com%2FpakuPaku&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newell2007-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newell2007_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Walker, John (November 22, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2007/11/21/rps-exclusive-gabe-newell-interview/">"RPS Exclusive: Gabe Newell Interview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rock,_Paper,_Shotgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock, Paper, Shotgun">Rock, Paper, Shotgun</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2013</span>. <q>The worst days [for game development] were the cartridge days for the NES. It was a huge risk – you had all this money tied up in silicon in a warehouse somewhere, and so you'd be conservative in the decisions you felt you could make, very conservative in the IPs you signed, your art direction would not change, and so on. Now it's the opposite extreme: we can put something up on Steam, deliver it to people all around the world, make changes. We can take more interesting risks.... Retail doesn't know how to deal with those games. On Steam [a digital distributor] there's no shelf-space restriction. It's great because they're a bunch of old, orphaned games.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rock%2C+Paper%2C+Shotgun&rft.atitle=RPS+Exclusive%3A+Gabe+Newell+Interview&rft.date=2007-11-22&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockpapershotgun.com%2F2007%2F11%2F21%2Frps-exclusive-gabe-newell-interview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arspreview-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arspreview_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaron2008" class="citation web cs1">Caron, Frank (September 9, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gaming/news/2008/09/first-look-gog-revives-classic-pc-games-for-download-age.ars">"First look: GOG revives classic PC games for download age"</a>. <i>Ars Technica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211220150816/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2008/09/first-look-gog-revives-classic-pc-games-for-download-age/">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2012</span>. <q><i>... [Good Old Games] focuses on bringing old, time-tested games into the downloadable era with low prices and no DRM.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=First+look%3A+GOG+revives+classic+PC+games+for+download+age&rft.date=2008-09-09&rft.aulast=Caron&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgaming%2Fnews%2F2008%2F09%2Ffirst-look-gog-revives-classic-pc-games-for-download-age.ars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpe2021" class="citation web cs1">Thorpe, Nick (January 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamesradar.com/lets-get-physical-meet-the-companies-reissuing-retro-classics-for-audiences-new-and-old/">"Let's get physical: Meet the companies reissuing retro classics for audiences new and old"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GamesRadar" class="mw-redirect" title="GamesRadar">GamesRadar</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210101213644/https://www.gamesradar.com/lets-get-physical-meet-the-companies-reissuing-retro-classics-for-audiences-new-and-old/">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesRadar&rft.atitle=Let%27s+get+physical%3A+Meet+the+companies+reissuing+retro+classics+for+audiences+new+and+old&rft.date=2021-01-01&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesradar.com%2Flets-get-physical-meet-the-companies-reissuing-retro-classics-for-audiences-new-and-old%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990922031733/http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/1424/">https://web.archive.org/web/19990922031733/http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/1424/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://retrogames.com/">http://retrogames.com/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowman2014" class="citation web cs1">Bowman, Mitch (February 6, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polygon.com/features/2014/2/6/5361004/fighting-game-diversity">"Why the fighting game community is color blind"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222112413/http://www.polygon.com/features/2014/2/6/5361004/fighting-game-diversity">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Why+the+fighting+game+community+is+color+blind&rft.date=2014-02-06&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=Mitch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2Ffeatures%2F2014%2F2%2F6%2F5361004%2Ffighting-game-diversity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.hardcoregaming101.net/2010/10/brief-history-of-2d-fighting-games.html">"A Brief History of 2D Fighting Games"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161002120508/http://blog.hardcoregaming101.net/2010/10/brief-history-of-2d-fighting-games.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+2D+Fighting+Games&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.hardcoregaming101.net%2F2010%2F10%2Fbrief-history-of-2d-fighting-games.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shoryuken.com/2015/06/05/evo-2015-super-street-fighter-ii-turbo-side-tournament-announced-registration-now-live/">"Evo 2015 Super Street Fighter II Turbo Side Tournaments Unveiled, Registration Now Live"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009120620/http://shoryuken.com/2015/06/05/evo-2015-super-street-fighter-ii-turbo-side-tournament-announced-registration-now-live/">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evo+2015+Super+Street+Fighter+II+Turbo+Side+Tournaments+Unveiled%2C+Registration+Now+Live&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshoryuken.com%2F2015%2F06%2F05%2Fevo-2015-super-street-fighter-ii-turbo-side-tournament-announced-registration-now-live%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.twingalaxies.com/feed_details.php/66/Organize%20This%20-%20Talking%20Tetris%20Champs%20With%20Vincent%20Clemente/1">"Organize This - Talking Tetris Champs With Vincent Clemente"</a>. <i>www.twingalaxies.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.twingalaxies.com&rft.atitle=Organize+This+-+Talking+Tetris+Champs+With+Vincent+Clemente&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twingalaxies.com%2Ffeed_details.php%2F66%2FOrganize%2520This%2520-%2520Talking%2520Tetris%2520Champs%2520With%2520Vincent%2520Clemente%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrogames.info/">"RetroGames e.V. | Erhalt und Pflege der Videospielkultur in Deutschland"</a>. <i>www.retrogames.info</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.retrogames.info&rft.atitle=RetroGames+e.V.+%7C+Erhalt+und+Pflege+der+Videospielkultur+in+Deutschland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrogames.info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitz2002" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schmitz, Peter (July 19, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/29231">"Erster eingetragener Verein für Computer- und Konsolenspiele-Oldies eröffnet"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Heise.de" class="mw-redirect" title="Heise.de">Heise.de</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071121061128/http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/29231">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Erster+eingetragener+Verein+f%C3%BCr+Computer-+und+Konsolenspiele-Oldies+er%C3%B6ffnet&rft.pub=Heise.de&rft.date=2002-07-19&rft.aulast=Schmitz&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heise.de%2Fnewsticker%2Fmeldung%2F29231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USAT-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USAT_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnider2012" class="citation web cs1">Snider, Mike (March 13, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/story/2012-03-12/video-games-smithsonian/53502696/1">"Are video games art? Draw your own conclusions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Gannett" title="Gannett">Gannett</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626134532/http://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/story/2012-03-12/video-games-smithsonian/53502696/1">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Are+video+games+art%3F+Draw+your+own+conclusions&rft.date=2012-03-13&rft.aulast=Snider&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Flife%2Flifestyle%2Fstory%2F2012-03-12%2Fvideo-games-smithsonian%2F53502696%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonelli2012" class="citation web cs1">Antonelli, Paola (November 29, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2012/11/29/video-games-14-in-the-collection-for-starters">"Video Games: 14 in the Collection, for Starters"</a>. <i>Inside / Out. A MoMA/MoMA PS1 Blog</i>. <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130082752/http://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2012/11/29/video-games-14-in-the-collection-for-starters/">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inside+%2F+Out.+A+MoMA%2FMoMA+PS1+Blog&rft.atitle=Video+Games%3A+14+in+the+Collection%2C+for+Starters&rft.date=2012-11-29&rft.aulast=Antonelli&rft.aufirst=Paola&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fexplore%2Finside_out%2F2012%2F11%2F29%2Fvideo-games-14-in-the-collection-for-starters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrphanides2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Orphanides, K. G. (October 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/dmca-game-preservation-exemptions-abandoned-games">"Explained: new US copyright exclusions for abandoned games"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_UK" title="Wired UK">Wired UK</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired+UK&rft.atitle=Explained%3A+new+US+copyright+exclusions+for+abandoned+games&rft.date=2015-10-28&rft.aulast=Orphanides&rft.aufirst=K.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fdmca-game-preservation-exemptions-abandoned-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCobbett2015" class="citation web cs1">Cobbett, Richard (May 10, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techradar.com/news/gaming/why-it-shouldn-t-be-left-to-pirates-to-keep-our-games-alive-1293355">"Why it shouldn't be left to pirates to keep our games alive"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TechRadar" title="TechRadar">TechRadar</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechRadar&rft.atitle=Why+it+shouldn%27t+be+left+to+pirates+to+keep+our+games+alive&rft.date=2015-05-10&rft.aulast=Cobbett&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techradar.com%2Fnews%2Fgaming%2Fwhy-it-shouldn-t-be-left-to-pirates-to-keep-our-games-alive-1293355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGenEmu-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NGenEmu_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NGenEmu_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Emulations". <i><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a></i>. No. 28. <a href="/wiki/Imagine_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Imagine Media">Imagine Media</a>. April 1997. pp. 42–43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Next+Generation&rft.atitle=Emulations&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=42-43&rft.date=1997-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nintendo.com/corp/legal.jsp#helping">"| Nintendo – Corporate Information | Legal Information (Copyrights, Emulators, ROMs, etc.)"</a>. <i>www.nintendo.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160618141515/http://www.nintendo.com/corp/legal.jsp#helping">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nintendo.com&rft.atitle=%7C+Nintendo+%E2%80%93+Corporate+Information+%7C+Legal+Information+%28Copyrights%2C+Emulators%2C+ROMs%2C+etc.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nintendo.com%2Fcorp%2Flegal.jsp%23helping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyles2024" class="citation web cs1">Lyles, Taylor (March 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/yuzu-emulator-lawsuit-settled-for-24-million-between-nintendo-and-tropic-haze">"Yuzu Creators Will Pay Nintendo $2.4 Million in Damages and End Development of Switch Emulator"</a>. <i>IGN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Yuzu+Creators+Will+Pay+Nintendo+%242.4+Million+in+Damages+and+End+Development+of+Switch+Emulator&rft.date=2024-03-04&rft.aulast=Lyles&rft.aufirst=Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2Fyuzu-emulator-lawsuit-settled-for-24-million-between-nintendo-and-tropic-haze&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/makers-of-switch-emulator-yuzu-quickly-settle-with-nintendo-for-24-million-203204698.html">"Makers of Switch emulator Yuzu quickly settle with Nintendo for $2.4 million"</a>. <i>Yahoo Finance</i>. March 4, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+Finance&rft.atitle=Makers+of+Switch+emulator+Yuzu+quickly+settle+with+Nintendo+for+%242.4+million&rft.date=2024-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2Fmakers-of-switch-emulator-yuzu-quickly-settle-with-nintendo-for-24-million-203204698.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2024" class="citation web cs1">Carpenter, Nicole (March 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/24090351/nintendo-2-4-million-yuzu-switch-emulator-settlement-lawsuit">"Nintendo wins $2.4M in Switch emulator lawsuit, Yuzu to shut down"</a>. <i>Polygon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Nintendo+wins+%242.4M+in+Switch+emulator+lawsuit%2C+Yuzu+to+shut+down&rft.date=2024-03-04&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F24090351%2Fnintendo-2-4-million-yuzu-switch-emulator-settlement-lawsuit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zwiezen, Z. (2021, August 14). Nintendo orders ROM site to 'Destroy' all its games, or else. Kotaku. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kotaku.com.">https://www.kotaku.com.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentine2018" class="citation web cs1">Valentine, Rebekah (November 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/nintendo-reaches-final-judgment-agreement-with-rom-site-owners">"Nintendo reaches final judgment agreement with ROM site owners"</a>. <i>GamesIndustry.biz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesIndustry.biz&rft.atitle=Nintendo+reaches+final+judgment+agreement+with+ROM+site+owners&rft.date=2018-11-12&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=Rebekah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesindustry.biz%2Fnintendo-reaches-final-judgment-agreement-with-rom-site-owners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/nintendo-suing-pirate-websites-for-millions-1827790323">"Nintendo Suing Pirate Websites For Millions"</a>. <i>Kotaku</i>. July 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=Nintendo+Suing+Pirate+Websites+For+Millions&rft.date=2018-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Fnintendo-suing-pirate-websites-for-millions-1827790323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee, C. A. (2022). Video game modding in the U.S. intellectual property law: Controversial issues and gaps. Digital Law Journal, 3(4), 8-31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9904/22/sony.connectix/">"CNN - Judge rules against PlayStation emulator - April 21, 1999"</a>. <i>www.cnn.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cnn.com&rft.atitle=CNN+-+Judge+rules+against+PlayStation+emulator+-+April+21%2C+1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FTECH%2Fcomputing%2F9904%2F22%2Fsony.connectix%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2000/02/court-upholds-playstation-rival/">"Court Upholds PlayStation Rival"</a>. <i>Wired</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028">1059-1028</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Court+Upholds+PlayStation+Rival&rft.issn=1059-1028&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2000%2F02%2Fcourt-upholds-playstation-rival%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoatsRafter1993" class="citation journal cs1">Coats, William; Rafter, Heather (January 1, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.uclawsf.edu/hastings_comm_ent_law_journal/vol15/iss3/1">"The Games People Play: Sega v. Accolade and the Right to Reverse Engineer Software"</a>. <i>UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal</i>. <b>15</b> (3): 557. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1061-6578">1061-6578</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UC+Law+SF+Communications+and+Entertainment+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Games+People+Play%3A+Sega+v.+Accolade+and+the+Right+to+Reverse+Engineer+Software&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=557&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.issn=1061-6578&rft.aulast=Coats&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Rafter%2C+Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.uclawsf.edu%2Fhastings_comm_ent_law_journal%2Fvol15%2Fiss3%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARetrogaming" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">When Nintendo fought a device that gave Mario 'new superpowers'. (2020, November 18). CBC News. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news">https://www.cbc.ca/news</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&oldid=1256917002">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&oldid=1256917002</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nostalgia" title="Category:Nostalgia">Nostalgia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_game_culture" title="Category:Video game culture">Video game culture</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2023">Articles needing additional references from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_August_2022" title="Category:Use mdy dates from August 2022">Use mdy dates from August 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 November 2024, at 05:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Retrogaming&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-f2r5r","wgBackendResponseTime":153,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.617","walltime":"0.816","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2575,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":84140,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1257,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":147448,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 690.668 1 -total"," 54.80% 378.519 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.02% 172.800 8 Template:Cite_magazine"," 19.53% 134.913 28 Template:Cite_web"," 16.88% 116.617 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.97% 75.756 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 10.11% 69.818 1 Template:Ambox"," 8.96% 61.873 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.81% 40.103 5 Template:Main_other"," 5.32% 36.750 1 Template:SDcat"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.366","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6723370,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-bklvv","timestamp":"20241122141208","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Retrogaming","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Retrogaming","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1125949","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1125949","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-08-19T17:12:06Z","dateModified":"2024-11-12T05:46:28Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/79\/Lange_Nacht_der_Computerspiele_1.JPG","headline":"playing or collecting older video and computer games"}</script> </body> </html>