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Dykes</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Gary Dykes"> <meta name="keywords" content="Gary Dykes"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Gary Dykes"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 69</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Gary Dykes</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Concentration of D-Pinitol from Carob Kibble Using Submerged Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thi%20Huong%20Vu">Thi Huong Vu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Jayasena"> Vijay Jayasena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhongxiang%20Fang"> Zhongxiang Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Dykes"> Gary Dykes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> D-pinitol (3-O-methyl ether of D-chiro-inosito) has been known to have health benefits for diabetic patients. Carob kibble has received attention due to the presence of high value D-pinitol and polyphenol antioxidants. D-pinitol was concentrated from carob kibble using submerged fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Total carbohydrates and D-pinitol were determined by the phenol-sulphuric acid method and HPLC, respectively. The content of D-pinitol increased from approximately 43 to 70 mg/g dry weight after fermentation. The yeast consumed over 70% of total carbohydrates in carob kibble without any negative effect on D-pinitol content. A range of substrate medium pH’s from 5.0 – 7.0 had no significant effect on the removal of carbohydrates and D-pinitol. This method may provide a practical solution for production of D-pinitol from carob in a cost effective manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carob%20kibble" title="carob kibble">carob kibble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=d-pinitol" title=" d-pinitol"> d-pinitol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saccharomyces%20cerevisiae" title=" saccharomyces cerevisiae"> saccharomyces cerevisiae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20fermentation" title=" submerged fermentation"> submerged fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20carbohydrates" title=" total carbohydrates"> total carbohydrates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54361/concentration-of-d-pinitol-from-carob-kibble-using-submerged-fermentation-by-saccharomyces-cerevisiae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Rock Slope Stabilization and Protection for Roads and Multi-Storey Structures in Jabal Omar, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Abdel%20Gadir%20Malik">Ibrahim Abdel Gadir Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dafalla%20Siddig%20Dafalla"> Dafalla Siddig Dafalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelazim%20Ibrahim"> Abdelazim Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jabal Omar is located in the western side of Makkah city in Saudi Arabia. The proposed Jabal Omar Development project includes several multi-storey buildings, roads, bridges and below ground structures founded at various depths. In this study, geological mapping and site inspection which covered pre-selected areas were carried out within the easily accessed parts. Geological features; including rock types, structures, degree of weathering, and geotechnical hazards were observed and analyzed with specified software and also were documented in form of photographs. The presence of joints and fractures in the area made the rock blocks small and weak. The site is full of jointing; it was observed that, the northern side consists of 3 to 4 jointing systems with 2 random fractures associated with dykes. The southern part is affected by 2 to 3 jointing systems with minor fault and shear zones. From the field measurements and observations, it was concluded that, the Jabal Omar intruded by andesitic and basaltic dykes of different thickness and orientation. These dykes made the outcrop weak, highly deformed and made the rock masses sensitive to weathering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock" title="rock">rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope" title=" slope"> slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection" title=" protection"> protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makkah" title=" Makkah"> Makkah</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32229/rock-slope-stabilization-and-protection-for-roads-and-multi-storey-structures-in-jabal-omar-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">809</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Effect of Initial pH and Fermentation Duration on Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Carob Kibble Fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thi%20Huong%20Vu">Thi Huong Vu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haelee%20Fenton"> Haelee Fenton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thi%20Huong%20Tra%20Nguyen"> Thi Huong Tra Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Dykes"> Gary Dykes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, a submerged fermentation of carob kibble with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) was performed. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in fermented carob kibble were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method and scavenging capacity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS). The study showed that S. cerevisiae improved total phenolic content by 45 % and 50 % in acetone and water extracts respectively. Similarly, the antioxidant capacity of water extracts increased by 25 % and 41%, while acetone extracts indicated by 70% and 80% in DPPH and ABTS respectively. It is also found that initial pH 7.0 was more effective in improvement of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The efficiency of treatment was recorded at 15 h. This report suggested that submerged fermentation with S. cerevisiae is a potential and cost effective manner to further increase bioactive compounds in carob kibble, which are in use for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title="antioxidant activity">antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carob%20kibble" title=" carob kibble"> carob kibble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saccharomyces%20cerevisiae" title=" saccharomyces cerevisiae"> saccharomyces cerevisiae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20fermentation" title=" submerged fermentation"> submerged fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20phenolics" title=" total phenolics"> total phenolics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54669/effect-of-initial-ph-and-fermentation-duration-on-total-phenolic-content-and-antioxidant-activity-of-carob-kibble-fermented-with-saccharomyces-cerevisiae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Place, Space and Asian/Hawaiian Identities in Gary Pak's My Friend Kammy and Ishmael Reed or Me</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Ku%C5%A1n%C3%ADr">Jaroslav Kušnír</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hawaiian literature in English has been researched more intensively in the past decades, mostly in the context of Asian American literature. In his collection of stories Language of the Gecko's and Other Stories, Hawaiian author Gary Pak explores complex relationships between Asian, Native Hawaiian, and American characters living mostly in Hawaii. Through a depiction of these complex relationships, Pak also explores the interaction between different cultures in Hawaii as well as the formation of Asian/Hawaiian identity in the modern world. Based on a comparative approach and close analysis method, this paper will explore the role of place and its historical and cultural background in the formation of modern Asian/Hawaiian cultural identity as manifested in Pak's stories My Friend Kammy and Ishmael Reed or Me. At the same time, through the use of Bill Ashcroft´s concept of transnation, the author of this paper will analyze Pak's depiction of the formation of the cultural identity of characters from Gary Pak's stories My Friend Kammy and Ishmael Reed or Me, which are, in the author of this paper´s view, the characters close to the concept of Ashcroft's transnation which makes them different from traditional cosmopolitan or diasporic characters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20identity" title=" cultural identity"> cultural identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hawaiian%20identity" title=" Hawaiian identity"> Hawaiian identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hawaiian%20literature" title=" Hawaiian literature"> Hawaiian literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=place" title=" place"> place</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnation" title=" transnation"> transnation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170073/place-space-and-asianhawaiian-identities-in-gary-paks-my-friend-kammy-and-ishmael-reed-or-me" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Utilising Indigenous Knowledge to Design Dykes in Malawi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Kleynhans">Martin Kleynhans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margot%20Soler"> Margot Soler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gavin%20Quibell"> Gavin Quibell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malawi is one of the world’s poorest nations and consequently, the design of flood risk management infrastructure comes with a different set of challenges. There is a lack of good quality hydromet data, both in spatial terms and in the quality thereof and the challenge in the design of flood risk management infrastructure is compounded by the fact that maintenance is almost completely non-existent and that solutions have to be simple to be effective. Solutions should not require any further resources to remain functional after completion, and they should be resilient. They also have to be cost effective. The Lower Shire Valley of Malawi suffers from frequent flood events. Various flood risk management interventions have been designed across the valley during the course of the Shire River Basin Management Project – Phase I, and due to the data poor environment, indigenous knowledge was relied upon to a great extent for hydrological and hydraulic model calibration and verification. However, indigenous knowledge comes with the caveat that it is ‘fuzzy’ and that it can be manipulated for political reasons. The experience in the Lower Shire valley suggests that indigenous knowledge is unlikely to invent a problem where none exists, but that flood depths and extents may be exaggerated to secure prioritization of the intervention. Indigenous knowledge relies on the memory of a community and cannot foresee events that exceed past experience, that could occur differently to those that have occurred in the past, or where flood management interventions change the flow regime. This complicates communication of planned interventions to local inhabitants. Indigenous knowledge is, for the most part, intuitive, but flooding can sometimes be counter intuitive, and the rural poor may have a lower trust of technology. Due to a near complete lack of maintenance of infrastructure, infrastructure has to be designed with no moving parts and no requirement for energy inputs. This precludes pumps, valves, flap gates and sophisticated warning systems. Designs of dykes during this project included ‘flood warning spillways’, that double up as pedestrian and animal crossing points, which provide warning of impending dangerous water levels behind dykes to residents before water levels that could cause a possible dyke failure are reached. Locally available materials and erosion protection using vegetation were used wherever possible to keep costs down. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20dykes%20in%20low-income%20countries" title="design of dykes in low-income countries">design of dykes in low-income countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20warning%20spillways" title=" flood warning spillways"> flood warning spillways</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20knowledge" title=" indigenous knowledge"> indigenous knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malawi" title=" Malawi"> Malawi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77547/utilising-indigenous-knowledge-to-design-dykes-in-malawi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Evaluation of the Capabilities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum in Improvement of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Carob Kibble</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thi%20Huong%20Vu">Thi Huong Vu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Jayasena"> Vijay Jayasena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhongxiang%20Fang"> Zhongxiang Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Dykes"> Gary Dykes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carob kibble has recently received attention due to the presence of high level of polyphenol antioxidants. The capacity of microorganisms to improve antioxidant activities and total phenolics in carob kibble was investigated in the study. Two types of microorganisms including lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) were used in single and in their combination as starters. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activities were assessed scavenging capacity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS). The study found that S. cerevisiae alone considerably improved 55% total phenolics content at 15 h, while L. plantarum caused in a loss of 20% through the process. Antioxidant capacity of the yeast-fermented samples significantly increased by 43 % and 10 % in ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively. However, reduction of 13 % and 32 % inhibition were recorded in the carob treated with L. plantarum. In the combination of S. cerevisiae and L. plantarum (1:1), both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of carob kibble were a similar trend as these of S. cerevisiae single, but a lower improvement. The antioxidant power of the extracts was linearly correlated to their total phenolic contents (R=0.75). The results suggested that S. cerevisiae alone was the better for enhancement of both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in carob kibble using submerged fermentation. The efficiency of fermentation reached the highest at 15h. Thus submerged fermentation with S. cerevisiae offers a tool with simple and cost effective to further increase the bioactive potential of carob kibble, which is in use for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title="antioxidant activity">antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carob%20kibble" title=" carob kibble"> carob kibble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactobacillus%20plantarum" title=" lactobacillus plantarum"> lactobacillus plantarum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saccharomyces%20cerevisiae" title=" saccharomyces cerevisiae"> saccharomyces cerevisiae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20phenolics" title=" total phenolics"> total phenolics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54352/evaluation-of-the-capabilities-of-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-and-lactobacillus-plantarum-in-improvement-of-total-phenolic-content-and-antioxidant-activity-in-carob-kibble" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Magnetic Investigation and 2½D Gravity Profile Modelling across the Beattie Magnetic Anomaly in the Southeastern Karoo Basin, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Baiyegunhi">Christopher Baiyegunhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oswald%20Gwavava"> Oswald Gwavava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The location/source of the Beattie magnetic anomaly (BMA) and interconnectivity of geologic structures at depth have been a topic of investigation for over 30 years. Up to now, no relationship between geological structures (interconnectivity of dolerite intrusions) at depth has been established. Therefore, the environmental impact of fracking the Karoo for shale gas could not be assessed despite the fact that dolerite dykes are groundwater localizers in the Karoo. In this paper, we shed more light to the unanswered questions concerning the possible location of the source of the BMA, the connectivity of geologic structures like dolerite dykes and sills at depth and this relationship needs to be established before the tectonic evolution of the Karoo basin can be fully understood and related to fracking of the Karoo for shale gas. The result of the magnetic investigation and modelling of four gravity profiles that crosses the BMA in the study area reveals that the anomaly, which is part of the Beattie magnetic anomaly tends to divide into two anomalies and continue to trend in an NE-SW direction, the dominant gravity signatures is of long wavelength that is due to a deep source/interface inland and shallows towards the coast, the average depth to the top of the shallow and deep magnetic sources was estimated to be approximately 0.6 km and 15 km, respectively. The BMA become stronger with depth which could be an indication that the source(s) is deep possibly a buried body in the basement. The bean-shaped anomaly also behaves in a similar manner like the BMA thus it could possibly share the same source(s) with the BMA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beattie%20magnetic%20anomaly" title="Beattie magnetic anomaly">Beattie magnetic anomaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20sources" title=" magnetic sources"> magnetic sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karoo%20Basin" title=" Karoo Basin"> Karoo Basin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32546/magnetic-investigation-and-2d-gravity-profile-modelling-across-the-beattie-magnetic-anomaly-in-the-southeastern-karoo-basin-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Boundary Motion by Curvature: Accessible Modeling of Oil Spill Evaporation/Dissipation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Miller">Gary Miller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andriy%20Didenko"> Andriy Didenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Allison"> David Allison</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The boundary of a region in the plane shrinks according to its curvature. A simple algorithm based upon this motion by curvature performed by a spreadsheet simulates the evaporation/dissipation behavior of oil spill boundaries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title="mathematical modeling">mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil" title=" oil"> oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title=" evaporation"> evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissipation" title=" dissipation"> dissipation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary" title=" boundary"> boundary</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13621/boundary-motion-by-curvature-accessible-modeling-of-oil-spill-evaporationdissipation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Reclamation of Fly Ash Dykes Using Naturally Growing Plant Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neelima%20Meravi">Neelima Meravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santosh%20Prajapati"> Santosh Prajapati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was conducted over a period of three years on fly ash dyke. The physicochemical analysis of fly ash (pH, WHC, BD, porosity, EC% OC & available P, heavy metal content etc.) was performed before and after the growth of plant species. Fly ash was analyzed after concentrated nitric acid digestion by atomic absorption spectrophotometer AAS-7000b(Shimadzu) for heavy metals. The dyke was colonized by the propagules of native species over a period of time, and it was observed that fly ash was contaminated by heavy metals and plants were able to ameliorate the metal concentration of dyke. The growth of plant species also improved the condition of fly ash so that it can be used for agricultural purposes. Phytosociological studies of the fly ash dyke were performed so that these plants may be used for reclamation of fly ash for subsequent use in agriculture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title="fly ash">fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IVI" title=" IVI"> IVI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytosociology" title=" phytosociology"> phytosociology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reclamation" title=" reclamation"> reclamation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64644/reclamation-of-fly-ash-dykes-using-naturally-growing-plant-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Participatory Approach of Flood Disaster Risk Reduction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laxman%20Budhathoki">Laxman Budhathoki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lal%20Bahadur%20Shrestha"> Lal Bahadur Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20C.%20Laxman"> K. C. Laxman </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hundreds of people are being lost their life by flood disaster in Nepal every year. Community-based disaster management committee has formed to formulate the disaster management plan including the component of EWS like EWS tower, rain gauge station, flood gauge station, culverts, boats, ropes, life jackets, a communication mechanism, emergency shelter, Spur, dykes, dam, evacuation route, emergency dry food management etc. Now EWS become a successful tool to decrease the human casualty from 13 to 0 every year in Rapti River of Chitwan District. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster%20risk%20reduction" title="disaster risk reduction">disaster risk reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20warning%20system" title=" early warning system"> early warning system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood" title=" flood"> flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20approach" title=" participatory approach"> participatory approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45429/participatory-approach-of-flood-disaster-risk-reduction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Employer Brand Image and Employee Engagement: An Exploratory Study in Britain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melisa%20Mete">Melisa Mete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Davies"> Gary Davies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susan%20Whelan"> Susan Whelan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maintaining a good employer brand image is crucial for companies since it has numerous advantages such as better recruitment, retention and employee engagement, and commitment. This study aims to understand the relationship between employer brand image and employee satisfaction and engagement in the British context. A panel survey data (N=228) is tested via the regression models from the Hayes (2012) PROCESS macro, in IBM SPSS 23.0. The results are statistically significant and proves that the more positive employer brand image, the greater employee’ engagement and satisfaction, and the greater is employee satisfaction, the greater their engagement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employer%20brand" title="employer brand">employer brand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employer%20brand%20image" title=" employer brand image"> employer brand image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20engagement" title=" employee engagement"> employee engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20satisfaction" title=" employee satisfaction"> employee satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81648/employer-brand-image-and-employee-engagement-an-exploratory-study-in-britain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Sustainable Enterprise Theory: A Starting Point for Reporting Sustainable Business Values </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arne%20Fagerstrom">Arne Fagerstrom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Cunningham"> Gary Cunningham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fredrik%20Hartwig"> Fredrik Hartwig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a theory of sustainable enterprises, sustainable enterprise theory (SET), is developed. The sustainable enterprise theory can only be a valid theory if knowledge about life and nature is complete. Knowledge limitations should not stop enterprises from doing business with a goal of better long-term life on earth. Life demands stewardship of the resources used during one’s lifetime. This paper develops a model influenced by (the classical) enterprise theory and resource theory that includes more than money in the business activities of an enterprise. The sustainable enterprise theory is then used in an analysis of accountability and in discussions about sustainable businesses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20business" title="sustainable business">sustainable business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability%20reporting" title=" sustainability reporting"> sustainability reporting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20values" title=" sustainable values"> sustainable values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20the%20firm" title=" theory of the firm"> theory of the firm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81453/sustainable-enterprise-theory-a-starting-point-for-reporting-sustainable-business-values" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">580</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Petrology, Geochemistry and Formation Conditions of Metaophiolites of the Loki Crystalline Massif (the Caucasus)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irakli%20Gamkrelidze">Irakli Gamkrelidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Shengelia"> David Shengelia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamara%20Tsutsunava"> Tamara Tsutsunava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giorgi%20Chichinadze"> Giorgi Chichinadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giorgi%20Beridze"> Giorgi Beridze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ketevan%20Tedliashvili"> Ketevan Tedliashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamara%20Tsamalashvili"> Tamara Tsamalashvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Loki crystalline massif crops out in the Caucasian region and the geological retrospective represent the northern marginal part of the Baiburt-Sevanian terrain (island arc), bordering with the Paleotethys oceanic basin in the north. The pre-Alpine basement of the massif is built up of Lower-Middle Paleozoic metamorphic complex (metasedimentary and metabasite rocks), Upper Devonian quartz-diorites and Late Variscan granites. Earlier metamorphic complex was considered as an indivisible set including suites with different degree of metamorphism. Systematic geologic, petrologic and geochemical investigations of the massif’s rocks suggest the different conception on composition, structure and formation conditions of the massif. In particular, there are two main rock types in the Loki massif: the oldest autochthonous series of gneissic quartz-diorites and cutting them granites. The massif is flanked on its western side by a volcano-sedimentary sequence, metamorphosed to low-T facies. Petrologic, metamorphic and structural differences in this sequence prove the existence of a number of discrete units (overthrust sheets). One of them, the metabasic sheet represents the fragment of ophiolite complex. It comprises transition types of the second and third layers of the Paleooceanic crust: the upper noncumulated part of the third layer gabbro component and the following lowest part of the parallel diabase dykes of the second layer. The ophiolites are represented by metagabbros, metagabbro-diabases, metadiabases and amphibolite schists. According to the content of petrogenic components and additive elements in metabasites is stated that the protolith of metabasites belongs to petrochemical type of tholeiitic series of basalts. The parental magma of metaophiolites is of E-MORB composition, and by petrochemical parameters, it is very close to the composition of intraplate basalts. The dykes of hypabissal leucocratic siliceous and medium magmatic rocks associated with the metaophiolite sheet form the separate complex. They are granitoids with the extremely low content of CaO and quartz-diorite porphyries. According to various petrochemical parameters, these rocks have mixed characteristics. Their formation took place in spreading conditions or in the areas of manifestation of plumes most likely of island arc type. The metamorphism degree of the metaophiolites corresponds to a very low stage of green schist facies. The rocks of the metaophiolite complex are obducted from the Paleotethys Ocean. Geological and paleomagnetic data show that the primary location of the ocean is supposed to be to the north of the Loki crystalline massif. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Caucasus" title="the Caucasus">the Caucasus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystalline%20massif" title=" crystalline massif"> crystalline massif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ophiolites" title=" ophiolites"> ophiolites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tectonic%20sheet" title=" tectonic sheet"> tectonic sheet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66167/petrology-geochemistry-and-formation-conditions-of-metaophiolites-of-the-loki-crystalline-massif-the-caucasus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Petrograpgy and Major Elements Chemistry of Granitic rocks of the Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex, Tharparkar, Sindh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanullah%20Lagharil">Amanullah Lagharil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Ali%20Laghari"> Majid Ali Laghari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Qasim"> M. Qasim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan.%20M."> Jan. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Khan"> Asif Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hassan%20Agheem"> M. Hassan Agheem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Nagar Parkar area in southeastern Sindh is a part of the Thar Desert adjacent to the Runn of Kutchh, and covers 480 km2. It contains exposures of a variety of igneous rocks referred to as the Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex. The complex comprises rocks belonging to at least six phases of magmatism, from oldest to youngest: 1) amphibolitic basement rocks, 2) riebeckite-aegirine grey granite, 3) biotite-hornblende pink granite, 4) acid dykes, 5) rhyolite “plugs”, and basic dykes (Jan et al., 1997). The last three of these are not significant in volume. Radiometric dates are lacking but the grey and pink granites are petrographically comparable to the Siwana and Jalore plutons, respectively, emplaced in the Malani volcanic series. Based on these similarities and proximity, the phase 2 to 6 bodies in the Nagar Parkar may belong to the Late Proterozoic (720–745 Ma) Malani magmatism that covers large areas in western Rajasthan. Khan et al. (2007) have reported a 745 ±30 – 755 ±22 Ma U-Th-Pb age on monazite from the pink granite. The grey granite is essentially composed of perthitic feldspar (microperthite, mesoperthite), quartz, small amount of plagioclase and, characteristically, sodic minerals such as riebeckite and aegirine. A few samples lack aegirine. Fe-Ti oxide and minute, well-developed crystals of zircon occur in almost all the studied samples. Tourmaline, fluorite, apatite and rutile occur in only some samples and astrophyllite is rare. Allanite, sphene and leucoxene occur as minor accessories along with local epidote. The pink granite is mostly leucocratic, but locally rich in biotite (up to 7 %). It is essentially made up of microperthite and quartz, with local microcline, and minor plagioclase (albite-oligoclase). Some rocks contain sufficient oligoclase and can be called adamellite or quartz mozonite. Biotite and hornblende are main accessory minerals along with iron oxide, but in a few samples are without hornblende. Fayalitic olivine, zircon, sphene, apatite, tourmaline, fluorite, allanite and cassiterite occur as sporadic accessory minerals. Epidote, carbonate, sericite and muscovite are produced due to the alteration of feldspar. This work concerns the major element geochemistry and comparison of the principal granitic rocks of Nagar Parkar. According to the scheme of De La Roche et al. (1980), majority of the grey and pink granites classify as alkali granite, 20 % as granite and 10 % as granodiorite. When evaluated on the basis of Shand's indices (after Maniar and Piccoli, 1989), the grey and pink granites span all three fields (peralkaline, metaluminous and peraluminous). Of the analysed grey granites, 67 % classify as peralkaline, 20 % as peraluminous and 10 % as metaluminous, while 50 % of pink granites classify as peralkaline, 30 % metaluminous and 20 % peraluminous. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrography" title="petrography">petrography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nagar%20parker" title=" nagar parker"> nagar parker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granites" title=" granites"> granites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geological%20sciences" title=" geological sciences"> geological sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16480/petrograpgy-and-major-elements-chemistry-of-granitic-rocks-of-the-nagar-parkar-igneous-complex-tharparkar-sindh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Challenges with Synchrophasor Technology Deployments in Electric Power Grids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20U.%20Oleka">Emmanuel U. Oleka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anil%20Khanal"> Anil Khanal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20L.%20Lebby"> Gary L. Lebby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20R.%20Osareh"> Ali R. Osareh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Synchrophasor technology is fast being deployed in electric power grids all over the world and is fast changing the way the grids are managed. This trend is to continue until the entire power grids are fully connected so they can be monitored and controlled in real-time. Much achievement has been made in the synchrophasor technology development and deployment, and much more are yet to be achieved. Real-time power grid control and protection potentials of synchrophasor are yet to be explored. It is of necessity that researchers keep in view the various challenges that still need to be overcome in expanding the frontiers of synchrophasor technology. This paper outlines the major challenges that should be dealt with in order to achieve the goal of total power grid visualization, monitoring and control using synchrophasor technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20power%20grid" title="electric power grid">electric power grid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid%20visualization" title=" grid visualization"> grid visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phasor%20measurement%20unit" title=" phasor measurement unit"> phasor measurement unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchrophasor" title=" synchrophasor"> synchrophasor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34833/challenges-with-synchrophasor-technology-deployments-in-electric-power-grids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> A Case Study: Remediation of Abandoned Mines for Residential Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issa%20S.%20Oweis">Issa S. Oweis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Gartenberg"> Gary Gartenberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luma%20J.%20Oweis"> Luma J. Oweis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The site for a residential apartment building overlies an abandoned iron mine in granitic gneiss in northern New Jersey. The mine stope is about 137 m (450 long) and dipping over 344m (800 feet) at 450 to 500. As the building footprint straddles, the mine site needed remediation. The remediation scheme consisted of compaction grouting a minimum 10 m (30 ft.) depth of the mine stope in rock to establish a buttress for the hanging wall and allow support of the building foundation. The rock strength parameters (friction and cohesion) were established based on Hoek Geologic Strength Index (GSI). The derived strength parameters were used in the wedge analysis to simulate rock cave-in. It was concluded that a cave-in would be unlikely. Verification holes confirmed the effectiveness of grouting. Although post grouting micro gravity survey depicted a few anomalies, no anomalies were found to exist by further drilling and excavation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grout" title="grout">grout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stope" title=" stope"> stope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock" title=" rock"> rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties" title=" properties"> properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57720/a-case-study-remediation-of-abandoned-mines-for-residential-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Dynamic Process Monitoring of an Ammonia Synthesis Fixed-Bed Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bothinah%20Altaf">Bothinah Altaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Montague"> Gary Montague</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elaine%20B.%20Martin"> Elaine B. Martin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study involves the modeling and monitoring of an ammonia synthesis fixed-bed reactor using partial least squares (PLS) and its variants. The process exhibits complex dynamic behavior due to the presence of heat recycling and feed quench. One limitation of static PLS model in this situation is that it does not take account of the process dynamics and hence dynamic PLS was used. Although it showed, superior performance to static PLS in terms of prediction, the monitoring scheme was inappropriate hence adaptive PLS was considered. A limitation of adaptive PLS is that non-conforming observations also contribute to the model, therefore, a new adaptive approach was developed, robust adaptive dynamic PLS. This approach updates a dynamic PLS model and is robust to non-representative data. The developed methodology showed a clear improvement over existing approaches in terms of the modeling of the reactor and the detection of faults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia%20synthesis%20fixed-bed%20reactor" title="ammonia synthesis fixed-bed reactor">ammonia synthesis fixed-bed reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20partial%20least%20squares%20modeling" title=" dynamic partial least squares modeling"> dynamic partial least squares modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recursive%20partial%20least%20squares" title=" recursive partial least squares"> recursive partial least squares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20modeling" title=" robust modeling"> robust modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37994/dynamic-process-monitoring-of-an-ammonia-synthesis-fixed-bed-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Bitplanes Gray-Level Image Encryption Approach Using Arnold Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Abdrhman%20M.%20Ukasha">Ali Abdrhman M. Ukasha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data security needed in data transmission, storage, and communication to ensure the security. The single step parallel contour extraction (SSPCE) method is used to create the edge map as a key image from the different Gray level/Binary image. Performing the X-OR operation between the key image and each bit plane of the original image for image pixel values change purpose. The Arnold transform used to changes the locations of image pixels as image scrambling process. Experiments have demonstrated that proposed algorithm can fully encrypt 2D Gary level image and completely reconstructed without any distortion. Also shown that the analyzed algorithm have extremely large security against some attacks like salt & pepper and JPEG compression. Its proof that the Gray level image can be protected with a higher security level. The presented method has easy hardware implementation and suitable for multimedia protection in real time applications such as wireless networks and mobile phone services. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSPCE%20method" title="SSPCE method">SSPCE method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20compression-salt-%20peppers%20attacks" title=" image compression-salt- peppers attacks"> image compression-salt- peppers attacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bitplanes%20decomposition" title=" bitplanes decomposition"> bitplanes decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnold%20transform" title=" Arnold transform"> Arnold transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lossless%20image%20encryption" title=" lossless image encryption"> lossless image encryption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14573/bitplanes-gray-level-image-encryption-approach-using-arnold-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Bitplanes Image Encryption/Decryption Using Edge Map (SSPCE Method) and Arnold Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20A.%20Ukasha">Ali A. Ukasha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data security needed in data transmission, storage, and communication to ensure the security. The single step parallel contour extraction (SSPCE) method is used to create the edge map as a key image from the different Gray level/Binary image. Performing the X-OR operation between the key image and each bit plane of the original image for image pixel values change purpose. The Arnold transform used to changes the locations of image pixels as image scrambling process. Experiments have demonstrated that proposed algorithm can fully encrypt 2D Gary level image and completely reconstructed without any distortion. Also shown that the analyzed algorithm have extremely large security against some attacks like salt & pepper and JPEG compression. Its proof that the Gray level image can be protected with a higher security level. The presented method has easy hardware implementation and suitable for multimedia protection in real time applications such as wireless networks and mobile phone services. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSPCE%20method" title="SSPCE method">SSPCE method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20compression" title=" image compression"> image compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20and%0D%0Apeppers%20attacks" title=" salt and peppers attacks"> salt and peppers attacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bitplanes%20decomposition" title=" bitplanes decomposition"> bitplanes decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnold%20transform" title=" Arnold transform"> Arnold transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lossless%20image%20encryption" title=" lossless image encryption"> lossless image encryption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14570/bitplanes-image-encryptiondecryption-using-edge-map-sspce-method-and-arnold-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Improvement of Sandy Clay Soils with the Addition of Rice Husk Ash and Expanded Polystyrene Beads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alvaro%20Quino">Alvaro Quino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger%20Trejo"> Roger Trejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Duran"> Gary Duran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordy%20Viso"> Jordy Viso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents a study on the lightening and improvement of properties of soil extracted in the province of Talara in the department of Piura -Peru, to be used in filling in the construction of embankments for roads. This soft soil has a high percentage of elastic settlement and consolidation settlement. Currently, there are different methods that seek to mitigate the impact of this problem, which have achieved favorable results. As a contribution to these investigations, we propose the use of two lightening materials to be used in the filling of embankments; these materials are expanded polystyrene beads (EPS) and rice husk ash (RHA). Favorable results were obtained, such as a reduction of 14.34% of the volumetric weight, so the settlement will be reduced. In addition, it is observed that as the RHA dosage increases, the shear resistance increases. In this article, soil mechanics tests were performed to determine the effectiveness of this method in lightening and improving properties for the soil under study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandy%20clay%20soils" title="sandy clay soils">sandy clay soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk%20ash" title=" rice husk ash"> rice husk ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expanded%20polystyrene" title=" expanded polystyrene"> expanded polystyrene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20soils" title=" soft soils"> soft soils</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140613/improvement-of-sandy-clay-soils-with-the-addition-of-rice-husk-ash-and-expanded-polystyrene-beads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Elongation Factor 1 Alpha Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis for Anastrepha fraterculus Complex</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratibha%20Srivastava">Pratibha Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayyamperumal%20Jeyaprakash"> Ayyamperumal Jeyaprakash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Steck"> Gary Steck</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Exotic, invasive tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are a major concern to fruit and vegetable production in the USA. Timely detection and identification of these agricultural pests facilitate the possibility of eradication from newly invaded areas. They spread primarily as larvae in infested fruits carried in commerce or personal baggage. Identification of larval stages to species level is difficult but necessary to determine pest loads and their pathways into the USA. The main focus of this study is the New World genus, Anastrepha. Many of its constituent taxa are pests of major economic importance. This study is significant for national quarantine use, as morphological diagnostics to separate larvae of the various members remain poorly developed. Elongation factor 1 alpha sequences were amplified from Anastrepha fraterculus specimens collected from South America (Ecuador and Peru). Phylogenetic analysis was performed to characterize the Anastrepha fraterculus complex at a molecular level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anastrepha" title="anastrepha">anastrepha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diptera" title=" diptera"> diptera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elongation%20factor" title=" elongation factor"> elongation factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20fly" title=" fruit fly"> fruit fly</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53407/elongation-factor-1-alpha-molecular-phylogenetic-analysis-for-anastrepha-fraterculus-complex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Enhanced Iceberg Information Dissemination for Public and Autonomous Maritime Use</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronald%20Mraz">Ronald Mraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20C.%20Kessler"> Gary C. Kessler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethan%20Gold"> Ethan Gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20G.%20Cline"> John G. Cline</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The International Ice Patrol (IIP) continually monitors iceberg activity in the North Atlantic by direct observation using ships, aircraft, and satellite imagery. Daily reports detailing navigational boundaries of icebergs have significantly reduced the risk of iceberg contact. What is currently lacking is formatting this data for automatic transmission and display of iceberg navigational boundaries in commercial navigation equipment. This paper describes the methodology and implementation of a system to format iceberg limit information for dissemination through existing radio network communications. This information will then automatically display on commercial navigation equipment. Additionally, this information is reformatted for Google Earth rendering of iceberg track line limits. Having iceberg limit information automatically available in standard navigation equipment will help support full autonomous operation of sailing vessels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iceberg" title="iceberg">iceberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iceberg%20risk" title=" iceberg risk"> iceberg risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iceberg%20track%20lines" title=" iceberg track lines"> iceberg track lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AIS%20messaging" title=" AIS messaging"> AIS messaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20ice%20patrol" title=" international ice patrol"> international ice patrol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=North%20American%20ice%20service" title=" North American ice service"> North American ice service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=google%20earth" title=" google earth"> google earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20surface%20vessels" title=" autonomous surface vessels"> autonomous surface vessels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125523/enhanced-iceberg-information-dissemination-for-public-and-autonomous-maritime-use" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Development and Characterisation of a Microbioreactor 'Cassette' for Cell Culture Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelson%20Barrientos">Nelson Barrientos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20J.%20Davies"> Matthew J. Davies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20C.%20Marques"> Marco C. Marques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darren%20N.%20Nesbeth"> Darren N. Nesbeth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20J.%20Lye"> Gary J. Lye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolas%20Szita"> Nicolas Szita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microbioreactor technology is making important advances towards its application in cell culture and bioprocess development. In particular, the technology promises flexible and controllable devices capable to perform parallelised experimentation at low cost. Currently, state of the art methods (e.g. optical sensors) allow the accurate monitoring of the microbioreactor operation. In addition, the laminar flow regime encountered in these devices allows more predictive fluid dynamics modelling, improving the control over the soluble, physical and mechanical environment of the cells. This work describes the development and characterisation of a novel microbioreactor cassette system (microbioreactor volume is 150 μL. The volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (KLa) and mixing time have been characterised to be between 25 to 113 h-1 and 0.5 and 0.1 s, respectively. In addition, the Residence time distribution (RTD) analysis confirms that the reactor operates at well mixed conditions. Finally, Staphylococcus carnosus TM300 growth is demonstrated via batch culture experiments. Future work consists in expanding the optics of the microbioreactor design to include the monitoring of variables such as fluorescent protein expression, among others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbioreactor" title="microbioreactor">microbioreactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell-culture" title=" cell-culture"> cell-culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidics" title=" microfluidics"> microfluidics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39466/development-and-characterisation-of-a-microbioreactor-cassette-for-cell-culture-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> The Way Digitized Lectures and Film Presence Coaching Impact Academic Identity: An Expert Facilitated Participatory Action Research Case Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanda%20Burrell">Amanda Burrell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tonia%20Gary"> Tonia Gary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Wright"> David Wright</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumara%20Ward"> Kumara Ward</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the concept of academic identity as it relates to the lecture, in particular, the digitized lecture delivered to a camera, in the absence of a student audience. Many academics have the performance aspect of the role thrust upon them with little or no training. For the purpose of this study, we look at the performance of the academic identity and examine tailored film presence coaching for its contributions toward academic identity, specifically in relation to feelings of self-confidence and diminishment of discomfort or stage fright. The case is articulated through the lens of scholar-practitioners, using expert facilitated participatory action research. It demonstrates in our sample of experienced academics, all reported some feelings of uncertainty about presenting lectures to camera prior to coaching. We share how power poses and reframing fear, produced improvements in the ease and competency of all participants. We share exactly how this insight could be adapted for self-coaching by any academic when called to present to a camera and consider the relationship between this and academic identity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20identity" title="academic identity">academic identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitized%20lecture" title=" digitized lecture"> digitized lecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20learning" title=" embodied learning"> embodied learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20coaching" title=" performance coaching"> performance coaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69040/the-way-digitized-lectures-and-film-presence-coaching-impact-academic-identity-an-expert-facilitated-participatory-action-research-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Contribution of Spatial Teledetection to the Geological Mapping of the Imiter Buttonhole: Application to the Mineralized Structures of the Principal Corps B3 (CPB3) of the Imiter Mine (Anti-atlas, Morocco)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouayachi%20Ali">Bouayachi Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alikouss%20Saida"> Alikouss Saida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baroudi%20Zouhir"> Baroudi Zouhir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zerhouni%20Youssef"> Zerhouni Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zouhair%20Mohammed"> Zouhair Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Idrissi%20Assia"> El Idrissi Assia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essalhi%20Mourad"> Essalhi Mourad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world-class Imiter silver deposit is located on the northern flank of the Precambrian Imiter buttonhole. This deposit is formed by epithermal veins hosted in the sandstone-pelite formations of the lower complex and in the basic conglomerates of the upper complex, these veins are controlled by a regional scale fault cluster, oriented N70°E to N90°E. The present work on the contribution of remote sensing on the geological mapping of the Imiter buttonhole and application to the mineralized structures of the Principal Corps B3. Mapping on satellite images is a very important tool in mineral prospecting. It allows the localization of the zones of interest in order to orientate the field missions by helping the localization of the major structures which facilitates the interpretation, the programming and the orientation of the mining works. The predictive map also allows for the correction of field mapping work, especially the direction and dimensions of structures such as dykes, corridors or scrapings. The use of a series of processing such as SAM, PCA, MNF and unsupervised and supervised classification on a Landsat 8 satellite image of the study area allowed us to highlight the main facies of the Imite area. To improve the exploration research, we used another processing that allows to realize a spatial distribution of the alteration mineral indices, and the application of several filters on the different bands to have lineament maps. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20corps%20B3" title="principal corps B3">principal corps B3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teledetection" title=" teledetection"> teledetection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Landsat%208" title=" Landsat 8"> Landsat 8</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imiter%20II" title=" Imiter II"> Imiter II</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20mineralization" title=" silver mineralization"> silver mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lineaments" title=" lineaments"> lineaments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150580/contribution-of-spatial-teledetection-to-the-geological-mapping-of-the-imiter-buttonhole-application-to-the-mineralized-structures-of-the-principal-corps-b3-cpb3-of-the-imiter-mine-anti-atlas-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> The Impacts of Local Decision Making on Customisation Process Speed across Distributed Boundaries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20M.%20Qahtani">Abdulrahman M. Qahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary.%20B.%20Wills"> Gary. B. Wills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andy.%20M.%20Gravell"> Andy. M. Gravell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Communicating and managing customers’ requirements in software development projects play a vital role in the software development process. While it is difficult to do so locally, it is even more difficult to communicate these requirements over distributed boundaries and to convey them to multiple distribution customers. This paper discusses the communication of multiple distribution customers’ requirements in the context of customised software products. The main purpose is to understand the challenges of communicating and managing customisation requirements across distributed boundaries. We propose a model for Communicating Customisation Requirements of Multi-Clients in a Distributed Domain (CCRD). Thereafter, we evaluate that model by presenting the findings of a case study conducted with a company with customisation projects for 18 distributed customers. Then, we compare the outputs of the real case process and the outputs of the CCRD model using simulation methods. Our conjecture is that the CCRD model can reduce the challenge of communication requirements over distributed organisational boundaries, and the delay in decision making and in the entire customisation process time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customisation%20software%20products" title="customisation software products">customisation software products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20software%20engineering" title=" global software engineering"> global software engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20decision%20making" title=" local decision making"> local decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=requirement%20engineering" title=" requirement engineering"> requirement engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20model" title=" simulation model"> simulation model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17567/the-impacts-of-local-decision-making-on-customisation-process-speed-across-distributed-boundaries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Design of Seismically Resistant Tree-Branching Steel Frames Using Theory and Design Guides for Eccentrically Braced Frames</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Gary%20Black">R. Gary Black</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abolhassan%20Astaneh-Asl"> Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The International Building Code (IBC) and the California Building Code (CBC) both recognize four basic types of steel seismic resistant frames; moment frames, concentrically braced frames, shear walls and eccentrically braced frames. Based on specified geometries and detailing, the seismic performance of these steel frames is well understood. In 2011, the authors designed an innovative steel braced frame system with tapering members in the general shape of a branching tree as a seismic retrofit solution to an existing four story “lift-slab” building. Located in the seismically active San Francisco Bay Area of California, a frame of this configuration, not covered by the governing codes, would typically require model or full scale testing to obtain jurisdiction approval. This paper describes how the theories, protocols, and code requirements of eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) were employed to satisfy the 2009 International Building Code (IBC) and the 2010 California Building Code (CBC) for seismically resistant steel frames and permit construction of these nonconforming geometries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eccentrically%20braced%20frame" title="eccentrically braced frame">eccentrically braced frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lift%20slab%20construction" title=" lift slab construction"> lift slab construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20retrofit" title=" seismic retrofit"> seismic retrofit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20link" title=" shear link"> shear link</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20design" title=" steel design"> steel design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2712/design-of-seismically-resistant-tree-branching-steel-frames-using-theory-and-design-guides-for-eccentrically-braced-frames" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Multiscale Model of Blast Explosion Human Injury Biomechanics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20K.%20Gupta">Raj K. Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20Gary%20Tan"> X. Gary Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrzej%20Przekwas"> Andrzej Przekwas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bomb blasts from Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) account for vast majority of terrorist attacks worldwide. Injuries caused by IEDs result from a combination of the primary blast wave, penetrating fragments, and human body accelerations and impacts. This paper presents a multiscale computational model of coupled blast physics, whole human body biodynamics and injury biomechanics of sensitive organs. The disparity of the involved space- and time-scales is used to conduct sequential modeling of an IED explosion event, CFD simulation of blast loads on the human body and FEM modeling of body biodynamics and injury biomechanics. The paper presents simulation results for blast-induced brain injury coupling macro-scale brain biomechanics and micro-scale response of sensitive neuro-axonal structures. Validation results on animal models and physical surrogates are discussed. Results of our model can be used to 'replicate' filed blast loadings in laboratory controlled experiments using animal models and in vitro neuro-cultures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast%20waves" title="blast waves">blast waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvised%20explosive%20devices" title=" improvised explosive devices"> improvised explosive devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury%20biomechanics" title=" injury biomechanics"> injury biomechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20models" title=" mathematical models"> mathematical models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traumatic%20brain%20injury" title=" traumatic brain injury"> traumatic brain injury</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56654/multiscale-model-of-blast-explosion-human-injury-biomechanics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Impact of Wind Energy on Cost and Balancing Reserves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anil%20Khanal">Anil Khanal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Osareh"> Ali Osareh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Lebby"> Gary Lebby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind energy offers a significant advantage such as no fuel costs and no emissions from generation. However, wind energy sources are variable and non-dispatchable. The utility grid is able to accommodate the variability of wind in smaller proportion along with the daily load. However, at high penetration levels, the variability can severely impact the utility reserve requirements and the cost associated with it. In this paper, the impact of wind energy is evaluated in detail in formulating the total utility cost. The objective is to minimize the overall cost of generation while ensuring the proper management of the load. Overall cost includes the curtailment cost, reserve cost and the reliability cost as well as any other penalty imposed by the regulatory authority. Different levels of wind penetrations are explored and the cost impacts are evaluated. As the penetration level increases significantly, the reliability becomes a critical question to be answered. Here, we increase the penetration from the wind yet keep the reliability factor within the acceptable limit provided by NERC. This paper uses an economic dispatch (ED) model to incorporate wind generation into the power grid. Power system costs are analyzed at various wind penetration levels using Linear Programming. The goal of this study shows how the increases in wind generation will affect power system economics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20power%20generation" title="wind power generation">wind power generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20power%20penetration" title=" wind power penetration"> wind power penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20analysis" title=" cost analysis"> cost analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20dispatch%20%28ED%29%20model" title=" economic dispatch (ED) model"> economic dispatch (ED) model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17694/impact-of-wind-energy-on-cost-and-balancing-reserves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> An Eastern Philosophical Dimension of an English Language Teacher's Professionalism: A Narrative Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siddhartha%20Dhungana">Siddhartha Dhungana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article primarily explores dimensions in English language teacher's professionalism so that a teacher could reflect and make a strategic professional devotion to implement effective educational programs for the present and the future. The paper substantially incorporates the eastern Hindu practices, especially life values from the Bhagavad Gita, as a basis of teacher’s professional enrichment. Basically, it applies three categorical practices, i.e., Karma Yoga, Jnana Yoga, and Bhakti Yoga, in teachers’ professionality to illustrate, ignite further ahead and sharpen academic journey, professional journey, and professional devotion reflecting common practices. In this journey, a teacher comes to a stage of professional essence as s/he surpasses Karma Yoga, Jnana Yoga, and Bhakti Yoga with their basic quality formation. To illustrate their essence-making process, the three narrative stories for each category mentioned above are analyzed. The data collected from a research participant who has a high level of professional success and who inspires all English Language teachers in Nepal to develop stories for narrative analysis. The narrative analysis is based on eastern themes that are supported by Vygotsky's concept of developmental psychology. Moreover, the structural analysis is based on Gary Barkhuizen's narrative analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karma%20Yoga" title="Karma Yoga">Karma Yoga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jnana%20Yoga" title=" Jnana Yoga"> Jnana Yoga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhakti%20Yoga" title=" Bhakti Yoga"> Bhakti Yoga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vygotsky%27s%20concepts" title=" Vygotsky's concepts"> Vygotsky's concepts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narrative%20analysis" title=" narrative analysis"> narrative analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133383/an-eastern-philosophical-dimension-of-an-english-language-teachers-professionalism-a-narrative-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Dykes&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Dykes&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Dykes&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div 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