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See James Clerk Maxwell and P. M. Harman (2002), The Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, Volume 3; 1874-1879, p. 232.</div></div></div> <p>The relationship between magnetic and electrical fields provides the foundational theory of electrical engineering. While naturally occurring electrical phenomenon such as lightning, static electricity and the shocks of various fishes and eels have been observed in the ancient world, the formal study and understanding of electric phenomenon began with William Gilbert's work on magnetism, culminating in his 1600 paper "On the Lodestone; Magnetic Bodies; and the Great Magnet, the Earth". Benjamin Franklin's many significant discoveries and Luigi Galvani's discovery of bioelectricity would follow in the 1700s, and in the early 1800s André-Marie Ampère and Hans Christian Ørsted discovered the link between electricity and magnetism, which were formalized by Maxwell's laws in 1873. These laws form the mathematical basis for practically the entire field of electrical engineering and its developments. The pure fields and waves aspects are still very commonly used today in applications such as antennas, microwaves and radio astronomy. </p><p>The <a href="/IEEE_Antennas_and_Propagation_Society_History" title="IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society History">IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society</a>, <a href="/IEEE_Electromagnetic_Compatibility_Society_History" title="IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society History">IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society</a>, <a href="/IEEE_Magnetics_Society_History" title="IEEE Magnetics Society History">IEEE Magnetics Society</a>, <a href="/IEEE_Microwave_Theory_and_Techniques_Society_History" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society History">IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society</a> publish technical journals related to electromagnetic fields and waves. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="STARS_Articles">STARS Articles</span></h2> <p><a href="/Special:STARS" class="new" title="Special:STARS (page does not exist)">IEEE STARS articles</a> are peer-reviewed articles on the history of major developments in electrical and computer science and technology. Available in the fields, waves & electromagnetics category are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/Maxwell%27s_Equations" title="Maxwell's Equations">Maxwell's Equations</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Subcategories">Subcategories</span></h2> <ul><li><b><a href="/Category:Antennas" title="Category:Antennas">Antennas</a></b> - A transducer which may receive or send signals by waves</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Electromagnetics" title="Category:Electromagnetics">Electromagnetics</a></b> - The link between electricity and magnetism</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Electromagnetic_compatibility" title="Category:Electromagnetic compatibility">Electromagnetic compatibility</a></b> - the study of unintentional generation, propagation and reception of electromagnetic energy</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Electromagnetic_devices" title="Category:Electromagnetic devices">Electromagnetic devices</a></b> - various devices which use electromagnetic components, such as speakers, tape heads, electric motors, etc</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Electromagnetic_fields" title="Category:Electromagnetic fields">Electromagnetic fields</a></b> - the field produced by moving electrically charged objects</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Electromagnetic_induction" title="Category:Electromagnetic induction">Electromagnetic induction</a></b> - the process of generating an electric current via moving a conductor through a magnetic field</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Electromagnetic_shielding" title="Category:Electromagnetic shielding">Electromagnetic shielding</a></b> - the process of reducing the electromagnetic field in a certain space by the use of conductors or magnets</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Interference" title="Category:Interference">Interference</a></b> - A combination of multiple waves which results in a new waveform</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Magnetic_devices" title="Category:Magnetic devices">Magnetic devices</a></b> - Various types of magnetic devices including accelerator magnets, magnetic cores and solenoids</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Magnetic_fields" title="Category:Magnetic fields">Magnetic fields</a></b> - Topics related specifically to magnetic fields including geomagnetism and toroidal magnetic fields</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Magnetic_materials" title="Category:Magnetic materials">Magnetic materials</a></b> - Materials which are naturally magnetic such as ferrites and garnets</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Magnetics" title="Category:Magnetics">Magnetics</a></b> - Topics pertaining to magnetics as a whole</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Masers" title="Category:Masers">Masers</a></b> - a device that produces coherent electromagnetic waves through amplification of emission, originally an acronym for Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Microwave_technology" title="Category:Microwave technology">Microwave technology</a></b> - Technology which applies microwaves including microwave amplifiers, bands and circuits</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Millimeter_wave_technology" title="Category:Millimeter wave technology">Millimeter wave technology</a></b> - The highest radio frequency band, topics in the category include millimeter wave devices, circuits and communication</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Radio_astronomy" title="Category:Radio astronomy">Radio astronomy</a></b> - The field of astronomy which explores space by using radio frequencies and waves</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Resonance" title="Category:Resonance">Resonance</a></b> - Oscillation of a system at higher rates at certain frequencies</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Submillimeter_wave_technology" title="Category:Submillimeter wave technology">Submillimeter wave technology</a></b> - Electromagnetic radiation with a frequency between 300 and 3000 GHz</li></ul>    </div><div class="mw-category-generated" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-subcategories"> <h2>Subcategories</h2> <p>This category has the following 18 subcategories, out of 18 total. </p><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-category mw-category-columns"><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>A</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Category:Antennas" title="Category:Antennas">Antennas</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>E</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Category:Electromagnetic_compatibility" title="Category:Electromagnetic compatibility">Electromagnetic compatibility</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Electromagnetic_devices" title="Category:Electromagnetic devices">Electromagnetic devices</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Electromagnetic_fields" title="Category:Electromagnetic fields">Electromagnetic fields</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Electromagnetic_induction" title="Category:Electromagnetic induction">Electromagnetic induction</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Electromagnetic_shielding" title="Category:Electromagnetic shielding">Electromagnetic shielding</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Electromagnetics" title="Category:Electromagnetics">Electromagnetics</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>I</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Category:Interference" title="Category:Interference">Interference</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>M</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Category:Magnetic_devices" title="Category:Magnetic devices">Magnetic devices</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Magnetic_fields" title="Category:Magnetic fields">Magnetic fields</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Magnetic_materials" title="Category:Magnetic materials">Magnetic materials</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Magnetics" title="Category:Magnetics">Magnetics</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Masers" title="Category:Masers">Masers</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Microwave_technology" title="Category:Microwave technology">Microwave technology</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Millimeter_wave_technology" title="Category:Millimeter wave technology">Millimeter wave technology</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>R</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Category:Radio_astronomy" title="Category:Radio astronomy">Radio astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Resonance" title="Category:Resonance">Resonance</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>S</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Category:Submillimeter_wave_technology" title="Category:Submillimeter wave technology">Submillimeter wave technology</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div><div id="mw-pages"> <h2>Pages in category "Fields, waves & electromagnetics"</h2> <p>The following 324 pages are in this category, out of 324 total. </p><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-category mw-category-columns"><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>A</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Archives:A_Brief_Survey_of_Microwave_Measurements" title="Archives:A Brief Survey of Microwave Measurements">Archives:A Brief Survey of Microwave Measurements</a></li> <li><a href="/Richard_B._Adler" title="Richard B. Adler">Richard B. Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/Andrew_Alford" title="Andrew Alford">Andrew Alford</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:David_W._Allan" title="Oral-History:David W. Allan">Oral-History:David W. Allan</a></li> <li><a href="/Wilhelm_Altar" title="Wilhelm Altar">Wilhelm Altar</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Edward_Altshuler" title="Oral-History:Edward Altshuler">Oral-History:Edward Altshuler</a></li> <li><a href="/Andre-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re" title="Andre-Marie Ampère">Andre-Marie Ampère</a></li> <li><a href="/First-Hand:An_Electrophysicist%27s_Role_in_Academia_and_Star_Wars" title="First-Hand:An Electrophysicist's Role in Academia and Star Wars">First-Hand:An Electrophysicist's Role in Academia and Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/Diogenes_J._Angelakos" title="Diogenes J. Angelakos">Diogenes J. Angelakos</a></li> <li><a href="/IEEE_Antennas_and_Propagation_Society_History" title="IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society History">IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society History</a></li> <li><a href="/John_W._Arthur" title="John W. Arthur">John W. Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Werner_F._Auerbacher" title="Oral-History:Werner F. Auerbacher">Oral-History:Werner F. Auerbacher</a></li> <li><a href="/Hertha_Ayrton" title="Hertha Ayrton">Hertha Ayrton</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>B</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Constantine_A._Balanis" title="Constantine A. Balanis">Constantine A. Balanis</a></li> <li><a href="/Harold_M._Barlow" title="Harold M. Barlow">Harold M. Barlow</a></li> <li><a href="/Wilmer_Barrow" title="Wilmer Barrow">Wilmer Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/Nikolai_G._Basov" title="Nikolai G. Basov">Nikolai G. Basov</a></li> <li><a href="/Carl_Edward_Baum" title="Carl Edward Baum">Carl Edward Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/Ernst_Berg" title="Ernst Berg">Ernst Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/Harold_H._Beverage" title="Harold H. Beverage">Harold H. Beverage</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Harold_H._Beverage_and_H._O._Peterson" title="Oral-History:Harold H. Beverage and H. O. Peterson">Oral-History:Harold H. Beverage and H. O. Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Harold_S._Black" title="Oral-History:Harold S. Black">Oral-History:Harold S. Black</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Oral-History:Nicolaas Bloembergen">Oral-History:Nicolaas Bloembergen</a></li> <li><a href="/Jean-Charles_Bolomey" title="Jean-Charles Bolomey">Jean-Charles Bolomey</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Berthold_Bosch" title="Oral-History:Berthold Bosch">Oral-History:Berthold Bosch</a></li> <li><a href="/Amar_G._Bose" title="Amar G. Bose">Amar G. Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/George_Brown" title="George Brown">George Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/William_C._Brown" title="William C. Brown">William C. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/Edmond_Bruce" title="Edmond Bruce">Edmond Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/John_H._Bryant" title="John H. Bryant">John H. Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Bulk_Wave_Microwave_Devices" title="Archives:Bulk Wave Microwave Devices">Archives:Bulk Wave Microwave Devices</a></li> <li><a href="/William_Burroughs" title="William Burroughs">William Burroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:But_What%27s_the_Use_of_It,_Mr._Faraday%3F" title="Archives:But What's the Use of It, Mr. Faraday?">Archives:But What's the Use of It, Mr. Faraday?</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Joe_Butler" title="Oral-History:Joe Butler">Oral-History:Joe Butler</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>C</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Milestones:Callan%27s_Pioneering_Contributions_to_Electrical_Science_and_Technology,_1836" title="Milestones:Callan's Pioneering Contributions to Electrical Science and Technology, 1836">Milestones:Callan's Pioneering Contributions to Electrical Science and Technology, 1836</a></li> <li><a href="/Philip_Carter" title="Philip Carter">Philip Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/G.S._Peter_Castle" title="G.S. Peter Castle">G.S. Peter Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/CAT,_MRI,_and_Ultrasound" title="CAT, MRI, and Ultrasound">CAT, MRI, and Ultrasound</a></li> <li><a href="/Cavity_Magnetron" title="Cavity Magnetron">Cavity Magnetron</a></li> <li><a href="/Cell_Phone_Antenna_Links" title="Cell Phone Antenna Links">Cell Phone Antenna Links</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Milton_Chaffee" title="Oral-History:Milton Chaffee">Oral-History:Milton Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Charles_Maerfeld" title="Oral-History:Charles Maerfeld">Oral-History:Charles Maerfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/Weng_Cho_Chew" title="Weng Cho Chew">Weng Cho Chew</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Marvin_Chodorow" title="Oral-History:Marvin Chodorow">Oral-History:Marvin Chodorow</a></li> <li><a href="/Wilbur_Norman_(Chris)_Christiansen" title="Wilbur Norman (Chris) Christiansen">Wilbur Norman (Chris) Christiansen</a></li> <li><a href="/Seymour_B._Cohn" title="Seymour B. Cohn">Seymour B. Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/Paul_Coleman" title="Paul Coleman">Paul Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/William_Fothergill_Cooke" title="William Fothergill Cooke">William Fothergill Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:William_E._Cory" title="Oral-History:William E. Cory">Oral-History:William E. Cory</a></li> <li><a href="/Cosmic_Background_Radiation" title="Cosmic Background Radiation">Cosmic Background Radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Donald_Cox" title="Oral-History:Donald Cox">Oral-History:Donald Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/Malcolm_R._Currie" title="Malcolm R. Currie">Malcolm R. Currie</a></li> <li><a href="/C._Chapin_Cutler" title="C. Chapin Cutler">C. Chapin Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:C._Chapin_Cutler" title="Oral-History:C. Chapin Cutler">Oral-History:C. Chapin Cutler</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>D</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Raymond_Damadian" title="Raymond Damadian">Raymond Damadian</a></li> <li><a href="/Richard_Damon" title="Richard Damon">Richard Damon</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Lee_Davenport" title="Oral-History:Lee Davenport">Oral-History:Lee Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:The_Inventions_of_Thomas_Davenport" title="Archives:The Inventions of Thomas Davenport">Archives:The Inventions of Thomas Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Donald_Davies_%26_Derek_Barber" title="Oral-History:Donald Davies & Derek Barber">Oral-History:Donald Davies & Derek Barber</a></li> <li><a href="/Adrianus_de_Hoop" title="Adrianus de Hoop">Adrianus de Hoop</a></li> <li><a href="/Degaussing" title="Degaussing">Degaussing</a></li> <li><a href="/Nabeel_Aly_Omar_Demerdash" title="Nabeel Aly Omar Demerdash">Nabeel Aly Omar Demerdash</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Charles_Denton" title="Oral-History:Charles Denton">Oral-History:Charles Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/Robert_Dicke" title="Robert Dicke">Robert Dicke</a></li> <li><a href="/Alton_C._Dickieson" title="Alton C. Dickieson">Alton C. Dickieson</a></li> <li><a href="/Milestones:Directive_Short_Wave_Antenna,_1924" title="Milestones:Directive Short Wave Antenna, 1924">Milestones:Directive Short Wave Antenna, 1924</a></li> <li><a href="/Displacement_Current" title="Displacement Current">Displacement Current</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Herbert_Doring" title="Oral-History:Herbert Doring">Oral-History:Herbert Doring</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>E</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Edison_and_Ore_Refining" title="Edison and Ore Refining">Edison and Ore Refining</a></li> <li><a href="/Early_Applications_of_Electricity" title="Early Applications of Electricity">Early Applications of Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Electricity,_The_Magic_Medium" title="Archives:Electricity, The Magic Medium">Archives:Electricity, The Magic Medium</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:EMC_Founders_War_Stories" title="Archives:EMC Founders War Stories">Archives:EMC Founders War Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/IEEE_Electromagnetic_Compatibility_Society_History" title="IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society History">IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society History</a></li> <li><a href="/Electromagnetic_Environmental_Effects_(E3)" title="Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3)">Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3)</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Electromagnetic_Interference_-_A_Global_Engineering_Challenge" title="Archives:Electromagnetic Interference - A Global Engineering Challenge">Archives:Electromagnetic Interference - A Global Engineering Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/Electromagnetic_Waves" title="Electromagnetic Waves">Electromagnetic Waves</a></li> <li><a href="/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">Electromagnetism</a></li> <li><a href="/Electromagnets" title="Electromagnets">Electromagnets</a></li> <li><a href="/Nader_Engheta" title="Nader Engheta">Nader Engheta</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Lloyd_Espenschied" title="Oral-History:Lloyd Espenschied">Oral-History:Lloyd Espenschied</a></li> <li><a href="/Etheric_Force" title="Etheric Force">Etheric Force</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>F</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a></li> <li><a href="/Faraday%27s_Law" title="Faraday's Law">Faraday's Law</a></li> <li><a href="/Moses_G._Farmer" title="Moses G. Farmer">Moses G. Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/Leopold_B._Felsen" title="Leopold B. Felsen">Leopold B. Felsen</a></li> <li><a href="/Milestones:Development_of_Ferrite_Materials_and_Their_Applications,_1930-1945" title="Milestones:Development of Ferrite Materials and Their Applications, 1930-1945">Milestones:Development of Ferrite Materials and Their Applications, 1930-1945</a></li> <li><a href="/Ferrites" title="Ferrites">Ferrites</a></li> <li><span class="redirect-in-category"><a href="/Milestones:First_Satellite_Broadcasting_to_the_Public" class="mw-redirect" title="Milestones:First Satellite Broadcasting to the Public">Milestones:First Satellite Broadcasting to the Public</a></span></li> <li><a href="/First-Hand:My_First_Handmade_Radio" title="First-Hand:My First Handmade Radio">First-Hand:My First Handmade Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Joseph_Fischer" title="Oral-History:Joseph Fischer">Oral-History:Joseph Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Virgilio_Floriani" title="Oral-History:Virgilio Floriani">Oral-History:Virgilio Floriani</a></li> <li><a href="/Ronald_Foster" title="Ronald Foster">Ronald Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ted_Foster" title="Oral-History:Ted Foster">Oral-History:Ted Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Kathryn_and_Charles_Fowler" title="Oral-History:Kathryn and Charles Fowler">Oral-History:Kathryn and Charles Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/A._Gardner_Fox" title="A. Gardner Fox">A. Gardner Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/Fractal_Antennas" title="Fractal Antennas">Fractal Antennas</a></li> <li><a href="/Giorgio_Franceschetti" title="Giorgio Franceschetti">Giorgio Franceschetti</a></li> <li><a href="/Milestones:Benjamin_Franklin%27s_work_in_London,_1757-1775" title="Milestones:Benjamin Franklin's work in London, 1757-1775">Milestones:Benjamin Franklin's work in London, 1757-1775</a></li> <li><a href="/Milestones:Book_%E2%80%9CExperiments_and_Observations_on_Electricity%E2%80%9D_by_Benjamin_Franklin,_1751" title="Milestones:Book “Experiments and Observations on Electricity” by Benjamin Franklin, 1751">Milestones:Book “Experiments and Observations on Electricity” by Benjamin Franklin, 1751</a></li> <li><a href="/C._S._Franklin" title="C. S. Franklin">C. S. Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/Milestones:Virginia_Smith_High-Voltage_Direct-Current_Converter_Station,_1988" title="Milestones:Virginia Smith High-Voltage Direct-Current Converter Station, 1988">Milestones:Virginia Smith High-Voltage Direct-Current Converter Station, 1988</a></li> <li><a href="/Elizabeth_J._French" title="Elizabeth J. French">Elizabeth J. French</a></li> <li><a href="/Harald_T._Friis" title="Harald T. Friis">Harald T. Friis</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>G</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Carl Friedrich Gauss</a></li> <li><a href="/Gauss%27_Law" title="Gauss' Law">Gauss' Law</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:David_Geselowitz" title="Oral-History:David Geselowitz">Oral-History:David Geselowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ivan_A._Getting_(1991)" title="Oral-History:Ivan A. Getting (1991)">Oral-History:Ivan A. Getting (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/Georgios_B._Giannakis" title="Georgios B. Giannakis">Georgios B. Giannakis</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Edward_Ginzton" title="Oral-History:Edward Ginzton">Oral-History:Edward Ginzton</a></li> <li><a href="/Edward_L._Ginzton" title="Edward L. Ginzton">Edward L. Ginzton</a></li> <li><a href="/Peter_Glaser" title="Peter Glaser">Peter Glaser</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Frank_W._Godsey" title="Oral-History:Frank W. Godsey">Oral-History:Frank W. Godsey</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Adolf_Goetzberger" title="Oral-History:Adolf Goetzberger">Oral-History:Adolf Goetzberger</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Eugene_Gordon" title="Oral-History:Eugene Gordon">Oral-History:Eugene Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/Eugene_I._Gordon" title="Eugene I. Gordon">Eugene I. Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Granger" title="Oral-History:John Granger">Oral-History:John Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:William_Gretsch" title="Oral-History:William Gretsch">Oral-History:William Gretsch</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Guarrera" title="Oral-History:John Guarrera">Oral-History:John Guarrera</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>H</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Geomagnetism_and_Edmond_Halley_(1656-1742)" title="Geomagnetism and Edmond Halley (1656-1742)">Geomagnetism and Edmond Halley (1656-1742)</a></li> <li><a href="/Hammond_B3_Organ" title="Hammond B3 Organ">Hammond B3 Organ</a></li> <li><a href="/Robert_C._Hansen" title="Robert C. Hansen">Robert C. Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/William_W._Hansen" title="William W. Hansen">William W. Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Charles_Harper" title="Oral-History:Charles Harper">Oral-History:Charles Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/Hermann_A._Haus" title="Hermann A. Haus">Hermann A. Haus</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Izuo_Hayashi" title="Oral-History:Izuo Hayashi">Oral-History:Izuo Hayashi</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Fred_Heath" title="Oral-History:Fred Heath">Oral-History:Fred Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Papers_of_Oliver_Heaviside" title="Archives:Papers of Oliver Heaviside">Archives:Papers of Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/Ralph_Hiatt" title="Ralph Hiatt">Ralph Hiatt</a></li> <li><a href="/History_that_weren%27t_so:_Myths_and_Misperceptions" title="History that weren't so: Myths and Misperceptions">History that weren't so: Myths and Misperceptions</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Wallace_Hoff" title="Oral-History:Wallace Hoff">Oral-History:Wallace Hoff</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Karl_Honaman" title="Oral-History:Karl Honaman">Oral-History:Karl Honaman</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Papers_of_Edwin_J._Houston" title="Archives:Papers of Edwin J. Houston">Archives:Papers of Edwin J. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/Vernon_Hughes" title="Vernon Hughes">Vernon Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/Hy-Gain_TH7DX_Antenna" title="Hy-Gain TH7DX Antenna">Hy-Gain TH7DX Antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/Hyperthermia:_Microwaves_as_Cancer_Treatment" title="Hyperthermia: Microwaves as Cancer Treatment">Hyperthermia: Microwaves as Cancer Treatment</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>I</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Induction_Ring" title="Induction Ring">Induction Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/Akira_Ishimaru" title="Akira Ishimaru">Akira Ishimaru</a></li> <li><a href="/First-Hand:It%27s_a_Small_World" title="First-Hand:It's a Small World">First-Hand:It's a Small World</a></li> <li><a href="/Tatsuo_Itoh" title="Tatsuo Itoh">Tatsuo Itoh</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ivan_A._Getting_(1995)" title="Oral-History:Ivan A. Getting (1995)">Oral-History:Ivan A. Getting (1995)</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>J</h3> <ul><li><a href="/William_C._Jakes,_Jr." title="William C. Jakes, Jr.">William C. Jakes, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Elya_Joffe" title="Oral-History:Elya Joffe">Oral-History:Elya Joffe</a></li> <li><a href="/Edward_C._Jordan" title="Edward C. Jordan">Edward C. Jordan</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>K</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Milton_Kant" title="Oral-History:Milton Kant">Oral-History:Milton Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Charles_Kao" title="Oral-History:Charles Kao">Oral-History:Charles Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Warren_A._Kesselman" title="Oral-History:Warren A. Kesselman">Oral-History:Warren A. Kesselman</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Archie_King" title="Oral-History:Archie King">Oral-History:Archie King</a></li> <li><a href="/Ronold_W._P._King" title="Ronold W. P. King">Ronold W. P. King</a></li> <li><a href="/Winston_E._Kock" title="Winston E. Kock">Winston E. Kock</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Herwig_Kogelnik" title="Oral-History:Herwig Kogelnik">Oral-History:Herwig Kogelnik</a></li> <li><a href="/Jin_Au_Kong" title="Jin Au Kong">Jin Au Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/John_D._Kraus" title="John D. Kraus">John D. Kraus</a></li> <li><a href="/Kannan_M._Krishnan" title="Kannan M. Krishnan">Kannan M. Krishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Robert_Kyhl" title="Oral-History:Robert Kyhl">Oral-History:Robert Kyhl</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Yoshihiro_Kyotani" title="Oral-History:Yoshihiro Kyotani">Oral-History:Yoshihiro Kyotani</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>L</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Erich_Langer" title="Oral-History:Erich Langer">Oral-History:Erich Langer</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Pierre_Lapostolle" title="Oral-History:Pierre Lapostolle">Oral-History:Pierre Lapostolle</a></li> <li><a href="/Elizabeth_Laverick" title="Elizabeth Laverick">Elizabeth Laverick</a></li> <li><a href="/Peter_Lawrenson" title="Peter Lawrenson">Peter Lawrenson</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Benjamin_Lax" title="Oral-History:Benjamin Lax">Oral-History:Benjamin Lax</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Humboldt_W._Leverenz" title="Oral-History:Humboldt W. Leverenz">Oral-History:Humboldt W. Leverenz</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Frank_Lewis" title="Oral-History:Frank Lewis">Oral-History:Frank Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/Robert_von_Lieben" title="Robert von Lieben">Robert von Lieben</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Lines_and_Waves" title="Archives:Lines and Waves">Archives:Lines and Waves</a></li> <li><a href="/Luneburg_Antenna" title="Luneburg Antenna">Luneburg Antenna</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>M</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Some_Popular_Misconceptions_About_Magnetic_Recording_History_and_Theory" title="Some Popular Misconceptions About Magnetic Recording History and Theory">Some Popular Misconceptions About Magnetic Recording History and Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/Magnetic-Core_Memory" title="Magnetic-Core Memory">Magnetic-Core Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/IEEE_Magnetics_Society_History" title="IEEE Magnetics Society History">IEEE Magnetics Society History</a></li> <li><a href="/Magnetism_in_the_Greco-Roman_World" title="Magnetism in the Greco-Roman World">Magnetism in the Greco-Roman World</a></li> <li><a href="/Nathan_Marcuvitz" title="Nathan Marcuvitz">Nathan Marcuvitz</a></li> <li><a href="/Augustus_Matthiessen" title="Augustus Matthiessen">Augustus Matthiessen</a></li> <li><a href="/First-Hand:Maxum_Memoirs:_Climbing_Technical_Mountains" title="First-Hand:Maxum Memoirs: Climbing Technical Mountains">First-Hand:Maxum Memoirs: Climbing Technical Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/Milestones:Maxwell%27s_Equations,_1860-1871" title="Milestones:Maxwell's Equations, 1860-1871">Milestones:Maxwell's Equations, 1860-1871</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ferdy_Mayer" title="Oral-History:Ferdy Mayer">Oral-History:Ferdy Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/Ronald_McFarlan" title="Ronald McFarlan">Ronald McFarlan</a></li> <li><a href="/Edward_V._McMahon" title="Edward V. McMahon">Edward V. McMahon</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:James_McNaul" title="Oral-History:James McNaul">Oral-History:James McNaul</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Wolfgang_Mecklenbrauker" title="Oral-History:Wolfgang Mecklenbrauker">Oral-History:Wolfgang Mecklenbrauker</a></li> <li><a href="/Kenneth_K._Mei" title="Kenneth K. Mei">Kenneth K. Mei</a></li> <li><a href="/Holger_H._Meinel" title="Holger H. Meinel">Holger H. Meinel</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Mary_Tsingou_Menzel" title="Oral-History:Mary Tsingou Menzel">Oral-History:Mary Tsingou Menzel</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Lou_Meren" title="Oral-History:Lou Meren">Oral-History:Lou Meren</a></li> <li><a href="/IEEE_Microwave_Theory_%26_Technology_Society_History" title="IEEE Microwave Theory & Technology Society History">IEEE Microwave Theory & Technology Society History</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Microwave_Acoustics" title="Archives:Microwave Acoustics">Archives:Microwave Acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/Microwave_Circuits" title="Microwave Circuits">Microwave Circuits</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Microwave_Integrated_Circuits" title="Archives:Microwave Integrated Circuits">Archives:Microwave Integrated Circuits</a></li> <li><a href="/Microwave_Link_Networks" title="Microwave Link Networks">Microwave Link Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/Microwave_Ovens" title="Microwave Ovens">Microwave Ovens</a></li> <li><a href="/Microwave_Radiometer" title="Microwave Radiometer">Microwave Radiometer</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Julian_Z._Millar" title="Oral-History:Julian Z. Millar">Oral-History:Julian Z. Millar</a></li> <li><a href="/Milestones:First_Millimeter-wave_Communication_Experiments_by_J.C._Bose,_1894-96" title="Milestones:First Millimeter-wave Communication Experiments by J.C. Bose, 1894-96">Milestones:First Millimeter-wave Communication Experiments by J.C. Bose, 1894-96</a></li> <li><a href="/Millimeter_Waves" title="Millimeter Waves">Millimeter Waves</a></li> <li><a href="/Raj_Mittra" title="Raj Mittra">Raj Mittra</a></li> <li><a href="/William_W._Mumford" title="William W. Mumford">William W. Mumford</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>N</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Tsuneo_Nakahara" title="Oral-History:Tsuneo Nakahara">Oral-History:Tsuneo Nakahara</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Shigeru_Nakajima" title="Oral-History:Shigeru Nakajima">Oral-History:Shigeru Nakajima</a></li> <li><a href="/Nollet_Electrifies_Royal_Guard" title="Nollet Electrifies Royal Guard">Nollet Electrifies Royal Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/Branislav_M._Notaros" title="Branislav M. Notaros">Branislav M. Notaros</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>O</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted" title="Hans Christian Ørsted">Hans Christian Ørsted</a></li> <li><a href="/Ohm%27s_Law" title="Ohm's Law">Ohm's Law</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Russell_D._O%27Neal" title="Oral-History:Russell D. O'Neal">Oral-History:Russell D. O'Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Oral-History:Eugene O'Neill">Oral-History:Eugene O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Vincente_Ortega" title="Oral-History:Vincente Ortega">Oral-History:Vincente Ortega</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>P</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Demetrius_T._Paris" title="Demetrius T. Paris">Demetrius T. Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Kumar_Patel" title="Oral-History:Kumar Patel">Oral-History:Kumar Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/Clayton_R._Paul" title="Clayton R. Paul">Clayton R. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Arno Allan Penzias</a></li> <li><a href="/John_Pierce" title="John Pierce">John Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Pierce" title="Oral-History:John Pierce">Oral-History:John Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Pierce_(Part_2)" title="Oral-History:John Pierce (Part 2)">Oral-History:John Pierce (Part 2)</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Pierce_(Part_3)" title="Oral-History:John Pierce (Part 3)">Oral-History:John Pierce (Part 3)</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Kenneth_Plante" title="Oral-History:Kenneth Plante">Oral-History:Kenneth Plante</a></li> <li><a href="/Aleksandr_Popov" title="Aleksandr Popov">Aleksandr Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/Gerald_Posakony" title="Gerald Posakony">Gerald Posakony</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Robert_Pound" title="Oral-History:Robert Pound">Oral-History:Robert Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Papers_of_George_B._Prescott" title="Archives:Papers of George B. Prescott">Archives:Papers of George B. Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/Walter_E._Proebster" title="Walter E. Proebster">Walter E. Proebster</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Walter_Proebster" title="Oral-History:Walter Proebster">Oral-History:Walter Proebster</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Papers_of_Michael_I._Pupin" title="Archives:Papers of Michael I. Pupin">Archives:Papers of Michael I. Pupin</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Edward_Purcell" title="Oral-History:Edward Purcell">Oral-History:Edward Purcell</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>R</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Milestones:Mount_Fuji_Radar_System,_1964" title="Milestones:Mount Fuji Radar System, 1964">Milestones:Mount Fuji Radar System, 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/Radar_tracking" title="Radar tracking">Radar tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/Radio" title="Radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/Beginnings_of_radio_astronomy" title="Beginnings of radio astronomy">Beginnings of radio astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/Radio_Telescope" title="Radio Telescope">Radio Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/Radio_Waves" title="Radio Waves">Radio Waves</a></li> <li><a href="/Milestones:Discovery_of_Radioconduction_by_Edouard_Branly,_1890" title="Milestones:Discovery of Radioconduction by Edouard Branly, 1890">Milestones:Discovery of Radioconduction by Edouard Branly, 1890</a></li> <li><a href="/Milestones:NAIC/Arecibo_Radiotelescope,_1963" title="Milestones:NAIC/Arecibo Radiotelescope, 1963">Milestones:NAIC/Arecibo Radiotelescope, 1963</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ralph_Strong" title="Oral-History:Ralph Strong">Oral-History:Ralph Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:William_Rambo" title="Oral-History:William Rambo">Oral-History:William Rambo</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Simon_Ramo" title="Oral-History:Simon Ramo">Oral-History:Simon Ramo</a></li> <li><a href="/Simon_Ramo" title="Simon Ramo">Simon Ramo</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Norman_F._Ramsey_(1991)" title="Oral-History:Norman F. Ramsey (1991)">Oral-History:Norman F. Ramsey (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/Grote_Reber" title="Grote Reber">Grote Reber</a></li> <li><a href="/Louis_W._Roberts" title="Louis W. Roberts">Louis W. Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Randal_Robertson" title="Oral-History:Randal Robertson">Oral-History:Randal Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ulrich_L._Rohde" title="Oral-History:Ulrich L. Rohde">Oral-History:Ulrich L. Rohde</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ian_Ross" title="Oral-History:Ian Ross">Oral-History:Ian Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/Alan_Rudge" title="Alan Rudge">Alan Rudge</a></li> <li><a href="/Victor_H._Rumsey" title="Victor H. Rumsey">Victor H. Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Douglass_Ryder" title="Oral-History:John Douglass Ryder">Oral-History:John Douglass Ryder</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>S</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Theodore_Saad" title="Oral-History:Theodore Saad">Oral-History:Theodore Saad</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Harold_Scherer" title="Oral-History:Harold Scherer">Oral-History:Harold Scherer</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Manfred_Schroeder" title="Oral-History:Manfred Schroeder">Oral-History:Manfred Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/Tomy_Sebastian" title="Tomy Sebastian">Tomy Sebastian</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Franz_Seifert" title="Oral-History:Franz Seifert">Oral-History:Franz Seifert</a></li> <li><a href="/Thomas_B._A._Senior" title="Thomas B. A. Senior">Thomas B. A. Senior</a></li> <li><a href="/First-Hand:Serendipity_and_Superconducting_Magnets" title="First-Hand:Serendipity and Superconducting Magnets">First-Hand:Serendipity and Superconducting Magnets</a></li> <li><a href="/SETI" title="SETI">SETI</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Hans_Severin" title="Oral-History:Hans Severin">Oral-History:Hans Severin</a></li> <li><a href="/Raghunath_K._Shevgaonkar" title="Raghunath K. Shevgaonkar">Raghunath K. Shevgaonkar</a></li> <li><a href="/Milestones:Long-Range_Shortwave_Voice_Transmissions_from_Byrd%27s_Antarctic_Expedition,_1934" title="Milestones:Long-Range Shortwave Voice Transmissions from Byrd's Antarctic Expedition, 1934">Milestones:Long-Range Shortwave Voice Transmissions from Byrd's Antarctic Expedition, 1934</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ralph_M._Showers" title="Oral-History:Ralph M. Showers">Oral-History:Ralph M. Showers</a></li> <li><a href="/Keeve_M._Siegel" title="Keeve M. Siegel">Keeve M. Siegel</a></li> <li><a href="/Samuel_Silver" title="Samuel Silver">Samuel Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/Simple_Electric_Motor" title="Simple Electric Motor">Simple Electric Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Kenneth_F._Slater" title="Oral-History:Kenneth F. Slater">Oral-History:Kenneth F. Slater</a></li> <li><a href="/First-Hand:Slide_Rule_Gives_Flight_to_Tracking_Antenna" title="First-Hand:Slide Rule Gives Flight to Tracking Antenna">First-Hand:Slide Rule Gives Flight to Tracking Antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:William_Smanko" title="Oral-History:William Smanko">Oral-History:William Smanko</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Chester_Smith" title="Oral-History:Chester Smith">Oral-History:Chester Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/Philip_Smith" title="Philip Smith">Philip Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/Smith_Chart" title="Smith Chart">Smith Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Allan_Whitenack_Snyder" title="Oral-History:Allan Whitenack Snyder">Oral-History:Allan Whitenack Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Jack_Spangler" title="Oral-History:Jack Spangler">Oral-History:Jack Spangler</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Staehlin" title="Oral-History:John Staehlin">Oral-History:John Staehlin</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:State_of_the_Art_Avalanche_Diode_Microwave_Sources" title="Archives:State of the Art Avalanche Diode Microwave Sources">Archives:State of the Art Avalanche Diode Microwave Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Karl_Ulrich_Stein" title="Oral-History:Karl Ulrich Stein">Oral-History:Karl Ulrich Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Irving_Stokes" title="Oral-History:Irving Stokes">Oral-History:Irving Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/Archie_W._Straiton" title="Archie W. Straiton">Archie W. Straiton</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Guy_Suits" title="Oral-History:Guy Suits">Oral-History:Guy Suits</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>T</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Keiji_Tachikawa" title="Oral-History:Keiji Tachikawa">Oral-History:Keiji Tachikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/Allen_Taflove" title="Allen Taflove">Allen Taflove</a></li> <li><a href="/Chen_To_Tai" title="Chen To Tai">Chen To Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/Gerald_Tape" title="Gerald Tape">Gerald Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/Albert_H._Taylor" title="Albert H. Taylor">Albert H. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/Bernard_Tellegen" title="Bernard Tellegen">Bernard Tellegen</a></li> <li><a href="/First-Hand:Telstar..._and_some_personal_recollections" title="First-Hand:Telstar... and some personal recollections">First-Hand:Telstar... and some personal recollections</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:The_Fundamental_Sources_of_Radiation" title="Archives:The Fundamental Sources of Radiation">Archives:The Fundamental Sources of Radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Leonard_Thomas_Sr." title="Oral-History:Leonard Thomas Sr.">Oral-History:Leonard Thomas Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Papers_of_Silvanus_P._Thompson" title="Archives:Papers of Silvanus P. Thompson">Archives:Papers of Silvanus P. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/Thordarson_1_MV_transformer" title="Thordarson 1 MV transformer">Thordarson 1 MV transformer</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Charles_H._Townes_(1992)" title="Oral-History:Charles H. Townes (1992)">Oral-History:Charles H. Townes (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes">Charles Townes</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Charles_Townes_(1991)" title="Oral-History:Charles Townes (1991)">Oral-History:Charles Townes (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:From_Radar_Bombing_Systems_to_the_Maser:_Charles_Townes_as_Electrical_Engineer" title="Archives:From Radar Bombing Systems to the Maser: Charles Townes as Electrical Engineer">Archives:From Radar Bombing Systems to the Maser: Charles Townes as Electrical Engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/Transcontinental_Telephone_Service" title="Transcontinental Telephone Service">Transcontinental Telephone Service</a></li> <li><a href="/Transcontinental_Television_Network_(U.S.)" title="Transcontinental Television Network (U.S.)">Transcontinental Television Network (U.S.)</a></li> <li><a href="/Leung_Tsang" title="Leung Tsang">Leung Tsang</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>U</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Shintaro_Uda" title="Shintaro Uda">Shintaro Uda</a></li> <li><a href="/Martin_A._Uman" title="Martin A. Uman">Martin A. Uman</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>V</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Hendrik_van_der_Bijl" title="Hendrik van der Bijl">Hendrik van der Bijl</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Guido_Vannucchi" title="Oral-History:Guido Vannucchi">Oral-History:Guido Vannucchi</a></li> <li><a href="/Very_Long_Baseline_Array" title="Very Long Baseline Array">Very Long Baseline Array</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Oswald_Garrison_Villard" title="Oral-History:Oswald Garrison Villard">Oral-History:Oswald Garrison Villard</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Joseph_Vogelman" title="Oral-History:Joseph Vogelman">Oral-History:Joseph Vogelman</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>W</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Glen_Wade" title="Oral-History:Glen Wade">Oral-History:Glen Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/Waveguides" title="Waveguides">Waveguides</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Bridger_of_Cultures:_Ernst_Weber_as_Researcher,_Educator,_and_Statesman" title="Archives:Bridger of Cultures: Ernst Weber as Researcher, Educator, and Statesman">Archives:Bridger of Cultures: Ernst Weber as Researcher, Educator, and Statesman</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ernst_Weber_(1988)" title="Oral-History:Ernst Weber (1988)">Oral-History:Ernst Weber (1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ernst_Weber_(1991)" title="Oral-History:Ernst Weber (1991)">Oral-History:Ernst Weber (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber" title="Wilhelm Eduard Weber">Wilhelm Eduard Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Roger_Webster" title="Oral-History:Roger Webster">Oral-History:Roger Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Herbert_Weiss" title="Oral-History:Herbert Weiss">Oral-History:Herbert Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:From_Automatic_Volume_Control_to_the_Stationmaster_Antenna:_Harold_Alden_Wheeler_and_Applied_Electronics" title="Archives:From Automatic Volume Control to the Stationmaster Antenna: Harold Alden Wheeler and Applied Electronics">Archives:From Automatic Volume Control to the Stationmaster Antenna: Harold Alden Wheeler and Applied Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Harold_Wheeler_(1991)" title="Oral-History:Harold Wheeler (1991)">Oral-History:Harold Wheeler (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/John_R._Whinnery" title="John R. Whinnery">John R. Whinnery</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Whinnery" title="Oral-History:John Whinnery">Oral-History:John Whinnery</a></li> <li><a href="/Werner_Wiesbeck" title="Werner Wiesbeck">Werner Wiesbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/Jerome_B._Wiesner" title="Jerome B. Wiesner">Jerome B. Wiesner</a></li> <li><a href="/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe_(WMAP)" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)">Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/Robert_Wilson" title="Robert Wilson">Robert Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/Donald_R._Wilton" title="Donald R. Wilton">Donald R. Wilton</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Irving_Wolff" title="Oral-History:Irving Wolff">Oral-History:Irving Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/Bernard_E._Wrensch" title="Bernard E. Wrensch">Bernard E. Wrensch</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>Y</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Arthur_D._Yaghjian" title="Arthur D. Yaghjian">Arthur D. Yaghjian</a></li> <li><a href="/Yagi_Antenna" title="Yagi Antenna">Yagi Antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Sakae_Yamamura" title="Oral-History:Sakae Yamamura">Oral-History:Sakae Yamamura</a></li> <li><a href="/Shigeru_Yonezawa" title="Shigeru Yonezawa">Shigeru Yonezawa</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Yury_Gulyaev" title="Oral-History:Yury Gulyaev">Oral-History:Yury Gulyaev</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>Z</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Lars_Zetterberg" title="Oral-History:Lars Zetterberg">Oral-History:Lars Zetterberg</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Anthony_Zimbalatti" title="Oral-History:Anthony Zimbalatti">Oral-History:Anthony Zimbalatti</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div><div id="mw-category-media"> <h2>Media in category "Fields, waves & electromagnetics"</h2> <p>The following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. </p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 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" 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