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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nota" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nota"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nota</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nota-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Rujukan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Petikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Petikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sumber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tadmur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 91 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B1" title="تدمر – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تدمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Փալմիրա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Փալմիրա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadmur" title="Tadmur – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tadmur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="পালমিরা – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পালমিরা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Пальмира – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Пальмира" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Пальміра – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пальміра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Палмира – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Палмира" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadmur_(kapital_sa_distrito_sa_Sirya)" title="Tadmur (kapital sa distrito sa Sirya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tadmur (kapital sa distrito sa Sirya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Пальмира – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пальмира" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm%C3%BDra" title="Palmýra – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Palmýra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BC%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Παλμύρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παλμύρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="پالمیرا – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پالمیرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyre" title="Palmyre – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Palmyre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%94%EB%AF%B8%EB%9D%BC" title="팔미라 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="팔미라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Պալմիրա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պալմիրա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="पलमीरा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पलमीरा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm%C3%BDra" title="Palmýra – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Palmýra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8" title="תדמור – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תדמור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="პალმირა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პალმირა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Пальмира – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пальмира" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm%C3%AEra" title="Palmîra – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Palmîra" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm%C4%ABra" title="Palmīra – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Palmīra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_(Sirija)" title="Palmyra (Sirija) – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Palmyra (Sirija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm%C3%BCra" title="Palmüra – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Palmüra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पलमेराक क्षेत्र – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पलमेराक क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="პალმირა (სირია) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პალმირა (სირია)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B1" title="تدمر – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تدمر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="پالمیرا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پالمیرا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fat mw-list-item"><a href="https://fat.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Fanti" lang="fat" hreflang="fat" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Mfantse" data-language-local-name="Fanti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mfantse</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ပါးလ်မိုင်ယာမြို့ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပါးလ်မိုင်ယာမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_(Syri%C3%AB)" title="Palmyra (Syrië) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Palmyra (Syrië)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="पलमेरा – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पलमेरा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A9" title="パルミラ – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パルミラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪਾਲਮੀਰਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਲਮੀਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="پالمیرا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پالمیرا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_(Syria)" title="Palmyra (Syria) – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Palmyra (Syria)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Пальмира – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пальмира" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm%C3%BDra" title="Palmýra – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Palmýra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="تەدمور – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەدمور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Палмира – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Палмира" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE" title="பல்மைரா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பல்மைரா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="แพลไมรา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แพลไมรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Palmira" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Palmyra" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Пальміра – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пальміра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B1" title="تدمر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تدمر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_(syudad)" title="Palmyra (syudad) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Palmyra (syudad)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%B3%E6%8B%89" title="巴尔米拉 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴尔米拉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%B1%B3%E6%8B%89" title="帕米拉 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="帕米拉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%B3%E6%8B%89" title="帕尔米拉 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="帕尔米拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5747#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmur&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmur&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tadmur"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmur&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmur&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmur&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Tadmur" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Tadmur" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmur&oldid=5279635" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmur&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Tadmur&id=5279635&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTadmur"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTadmur"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tadmur"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tadmur&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmur&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Palmyra" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5747" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana ini mengenai bandar purba Tadmur.  Untuk bandar yang moden, juga dikenali sebagai Tadmur, sila lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmur_(moden)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tadmur (moden) (laman tidak wujud)">Tadmur (moden)</a>.  Untuk kegunaan lain, sila lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmyra_(nyahkekaburan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmyra (nyahkekaburan) (laman tidak wujud)">Palmyra (nyahkekaburan)</a>.  Untuk planet luar suria dengan nama yang sama, sila lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmor_(planet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tadmor (planet) (laman tidak wujud)">Tadmor (planet)</a>.</div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Tadmur</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="nickname"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Tdmr2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt=""Imej nama kota ditulis dalam tulisan Tadmur"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Tdmr2.png/65px-Tdmr2.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Tdmr2.png/98px-Tdmr2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Tdmr2.png/130px-Tdmr2.png 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></li> <li><span title="Arab-language text"><span lang="ar"><b><big><span lang="ar" dir="rtl" style="white-space: nowrap;">تَدْمُر</span>‎</big></b></span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ar is deprecated </span></li></ul> </div></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Palmyra_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Runtuhan Palmyra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Palmyra_03.jpg/220px-Palmyra_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Palmyra_03.jpg/330px-Palmyra_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Palmyra_03.jpg/440px-Palmyra_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3260" data-file-height="2201" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Runtuhan Tadmur pada 2010</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5009871">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:285px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:285px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:285px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Syria_physical_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tadmur terletak di pusat Syria"><img alt="Tadmur terletak di pusat Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Syria_physical_location_map.svg/285px-Syria_physical_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="285" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Syria_physical_location_map.svg/428px-Syria_physical_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Syria_physical_location_map.svg/570px-Syria_physical_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="806" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.439%;left:43.18%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tadmur"><img alt="Tadmur terletak di pusat Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Lokasi di Syria</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nama alternatif</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Tadmor<br />Palmyra</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lokasi</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Tadmur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Tadmur (laman tidak wujud)">Tadmur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kegabenoran_Homs" title="Kegabenoran Homs">Kegabenoran Homs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wilayah</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurun_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurun Syria (laman tidak wujud)">Gurun Syria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Koordinat</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tadmur&params=34_33_05_N_38_16_05_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini"><span class="latitude">34°33′05″N</span> <span class="longitude">38°16′05″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini">34.55139°N 38.26806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.55139; 38.26806</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" title="Sistem koordinat geografi">Koordinat</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tadmur&params=34_33_05_N_38_16_05_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini"><span class="latitude">34°33′05″N</span> <span class="longitude">38°16′05″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini">34.55139°N 38.26806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.55139; 38.26806</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jenis</th><td class="infobox-data category">Petempatan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sebahagian daripada</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empayar_Tadmur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empayar Tadmur (laman tidak wujud)">Empayar Tadmur</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Luas</th><td class="infobox-data">80 he (200 ekar)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Sejarah</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diasaskan</th><td class="infobox-data">Alaf ke-3 SM</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ditinggalkan</th><td class="infobox-data">1932<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1932</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Zaman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaman_Gangsa_Pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaman Gangsa Pertengahan (laman tidak wujud)">Zaman Gangsa Pertengahan</a> hingga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_moden_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah moden Syria (laman tidak wujud)">Moden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Budaya</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Aram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Aram (laman tidak wujud)">Aramia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orang_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Arab">Arab</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunia_Yunani-Rom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunia Yunani-Rom (laman tidak wujud)">Yunani-Rom</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Perincian tapak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Keadaan</th><td class="infobox-data">Hancur</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hak milik</th><td class="infobox-data">Awam</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pengurusan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kementerian_Kebudayaan_(Syria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kementerian Kebudayaan (Syria) (laman tidak wujud)">Kementerian Kebudayaan Syria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Akses awam</th><td class="infobox-data">Tidak dapat didatangi (dalam zon perang)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"><div style="border:3px solid #FFE153; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Tapak_Warisan_Dunia" title="Tapak Warisan Dunia">Tapak Warisan Dunia UNESCO</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Nama rasmi</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Tapak Palmyra</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jenis</th><td class="infobox-data">Budaya</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kriteria</th><td class="infobox-data">i, ii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ditetapkan</th><td class="infobox-data">1980 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Jawatankuasa_Warisan_Dunia" title="Jawatankuasa Warisan Dunia">Sesi</a> ke-4)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><abbr title="Nombor">No.</abbr> rujukan</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/23">23</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?search=&search_by_country=&type=&media=&region=&order=region">Wilayah</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_Tapak_Warisan_Dunia_di_negara_Arab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai Tapak Warisan Dunia di negara Arab (laman tidak wujud)">Negara Arab</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_Tapak_Warisan_Dunia_dalam_Bahaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai Tapak Warisan Dunia dalam Bahaya (laman tidak wujud)">Terancma</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2013<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday published updated">2013</span>)</span>–kini.</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tadmur</b> (<span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA/English" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/ secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' dalam 'pasu'">p</span><span title="/æ/ 'e' pendek dalam 'teksi'">æ</span><span title="'l' dalam 'laci'">l</span><span title="/ˈ/ tekanan primer ikuti">ˈ</span><span title="'m' dalam 'muka'">m</span><span title="/aɪ/ long 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/ 'e' dalam 'emak'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَدْمُر</span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ar is deprecated </span> <i><span title="Arab-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Tadmur</i></span></i>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialek_Tadmur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialek Tadmur (laman tidak wujud)">Tadmur</a>: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Tdmr.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt=""Imej nama kota ditulis dalam tulisan Tadmur"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Tdmr.png/65px-Tdmr.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Tdmr.png/98px-Tdmr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Tdmr.png/130px-Tdmr.png 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="80" /></a></span> <i>Tadmor</i>) ialah sebuah bandar <a href="/wiki/Semitik" title="Semitik">Semitik</a> purba di <a href="/wiki/Kegabenoran_Homs" title="Kegabenoran Homs">Kegabenoran Homs</a> hari ini, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. Penemuan arkeologi wujud sejak zaman <a href="/wiki/Neolitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolitik">Neolitik</a>, dan dokumen kali pertama menyebut bandar ini pada awal alaf kedua SM. Tadmur berubah tangan pada sebilangan peristiwa antara berbeza-beza empayar sebelum ditakluki <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Rom" title="Empayar Rom">Empayar Rom</a> pada abad pertama Masihi. </p><p>Bandar ini berkembang kaya daripada <a href="/wiki/Kafilah" title="Kafilah">kafilah</a> dagang; orang Tadmur menjadi termasyhur sebagai saudagar yang mendirikan tanah jajahan di sepanjang <a href="/wiki/Jalan_Sutera" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalan Sutera">Jalan Sutera</a> dan dikendalikan di seluruh Empayar Rom. Kekayaan Tadmur membolehkan pembinaan projek yang tersergam dan bersejarah, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deretan_Tiang_Besar_di_Tadmur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deretan Tiang Besar di Tadmur (laman tidak wujud)">Deretan Tiang Besar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuil_Bel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuil Bel (laman tidak wujud)">Kuil Bel</a>, dan makam menara yang tersendiri. Mengikut etnik, orang Tadmur menggabungkan unsur-unsur dari <a href="/wiki/Orang_Amorit" title="Orang Amorit">orang Amorit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Aram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Aram (laman tidak wujud)">orang Aram</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Orang_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Arab">orang Arab</a>. Struktur sosial bandar ini bersifat kabilah, dan penduduknya bertutur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialek_Tadmur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialek Tadmur (laman tidak wujud)">dialek Tadmur</a> (suatu dialek <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aramia" title="Bahasa Aramia">Aramia</a>), sementara menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a> bagi tujuan perdagangan dan diplomasi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunia_Yunani-Rom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunia Yunani-Rom (laman tidak wujud)">budaya Yunani-Rom</a> mempengaruhi <a href="/wiki/Budaya_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Budaya Syria">budaya</a> Tadmur, yang menghasilkan seni dan seni bina tersendiri yang menggabungkan tradisi timur dan barat. Penduduk bandar ini dahulu menyembah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_Kanaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama Kanaan (laman tidak wujud)">dewa-dewi Semitik tempatan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_Mesopotamia_Purba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama Mesopotamia Purba (laman tidak wujud)">dewa-dewi Mesopotamia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Arab" title="Mitologi Arab">Arab</a>. </p><p>Menjelang abad ketiga Masihi Tadmur telah menjadi pusat rantau yang makmur. Ia mencapai puncak kuasanya pada 260-an, apabila Raja Tadmur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odaenathus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odaenathus (laman tidak wujud)">Odaenathus</a> menewaskan Maharaja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empayar_Sassan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empayar Sassan (laman tidak wujud)">Parsi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shapur_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shapur I (laman tidak wujud)">Shapur I</a>. Raja tersebut diganti oleh Ratu <a href="/wiki/Pemangku_raja" title="Pemangku raja">pemangku raja</a> <a href="/wiki/Zenobia" title="Zenobia">Zenobia</a>, yang memberontak menentang Rom dan mendirikan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empayar_Tadmur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empayar Tadmur (laman tidak wujud)">Empayar Tadmur</a>. Pada tahun 273, maharaja Rom <a href="/wiki/Aurelian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a> memusnahkan bandar ini, yang kemudian dipulihkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> pada suatu saiz yang terkurang. Rakyat Tadmur memeluk <a href="/wiki/Agama_Kristian" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Kristian">agama Kristian</a> semasa abad keempat dan ke <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> pada abad berikutan penaklukan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerajaan_Khulafa_al-Rasyidin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerajaan Khulafa al-Rasyidin (laman tidak wujud)">Kerajaan Khulafa al-Rasyidin</a> abad ke-7, selepas itu bahasa-bahasa Tadmur dan Yunani diganti oleh <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>. </p><p>Sebelum 273M, Tadmur menikmati autonomi dan bergabung dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria_(wilayah_Rom)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syria (wilayah Rom) (laman tidak wujud)">wilayah Syria</a> Rom, dengan pertubuhan politiknya terpengaruh oleh model <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">negara kota Yunani</a> semasa dua abad Masihi yang pertama. Kota ini menjadi sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonia_(Roman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonia (Roman) (laman tidak wujud)">colonia Rom</a> semasa abad ketiga, membawa kepada penggabungan institusi pemerintah Rom, sebelum menjadi negara raja pada tahun 260. Berikutan kemusnahannya pada tahun 273, Tadmur menjadi pusat kecil di bawah <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Empayar Byzantine">Byzantine</a> dan empayar kemudian. Kemusnahannya oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empayar_Timurid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empayar Timurid (laman tidak wujud)">Timurid</a> pada tahun 1400 mengurangkannya kepada sebuah kampung kecil. Di bawah pemerintahan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandat_Perancis_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandat Perancis Syria (laman tidak wujud)">Mandatori Perancis</a> pada tahun 1932, penduduk dipindahkan ke kampung baru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmur_(moden)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tadmur (moden) (laman tidak wujud)">Tadmur</a>, dan tapak purba ada untuk pengorekan. Semasa <a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Syria" title="Perang Saudara Syria">Perang Saudara Syria</a> pada tahun 2015, <a href="/wiki/Negara_Islam_Iraq_dan_Syam" title="Negara Islam Iraq dan Syam">Negara Islam Iraq dan Syam</a> (Daesh) menghancurkan bahagian besar kota purba ini, yang ditawan semula oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentera Syria (laman tidak wujud)">Tentera Syria</a> pada 2 Mac 2017. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmur&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmur&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span 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code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFAddison1838" class="citation book cs1">Addison, Charles Greenstreet (1838). <i>Damascus and Palmyra: a journey to the East</i>. <b>2</b>. Richard Bentley. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/833460514">833460514</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Damascus+and+Palmyra%3A+a+journey+to+the+East&rft.pub=Richard+Bentley&rft.date=1838&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F833460514&rft.aulast=Addison&rft.aufirst=Charles+Greenstreet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFal-AsaadChatonnetYon2005" class="citation book cs1">al-Asaad, Khaled; Chatonnet, Françoise Briquel; Yon, Jean-Baptiste (2005). "Reflections on the tokens found in the Arsu temple". Dalam Cussini, Eleonora (penyunting). <i>A Journey to Palmyra: Collected Essays to Remember Delbert R. Hillers</i>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-12418-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-12418-9"><bdi>978-90-04-12418-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reflections+on+the+tokens+found+in+the+Arsu+temple&rft.btitle=A+Journey+to+Palmyra%3A+Collected+Essays+to+Remember+Delbert+R.+Hillers&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12418-9&rft.aulast=al-Asaad&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rft.au=Chatonnet%2C+Fran%C3%A7oise+Briquel&rft.au=Yon%2C+Jean-Baptiste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFal-ʻAsqalānī1969" class="citation book cs1">al-ʻAsqalānī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī Ibn Ḥajar (1969) [1446]. Ḥabashī, Ḥasan (penyunting). <i>Inbāʼ al-ghumr bi-anbāʼ al-ʻumr</i> (dalam bahasa Arab). <b>2</b>. Majlis al-Aʻlá lil-Shuʼūn al-Islāmīyah: Lajnat Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-Islāmī. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/22742875">22742875</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inb%C4%81%CA%BC+al-ghumr+bi-anb%C4%81%CA%BC+al-%CA%BBumr&rft.pub=Majlis+al-A%CA%BBl%C3%A1+lil-Shu%CA%BC%C5%ABn+al-Isl%C4%81m%C4%AByah%3A+Lajnat+I%E1%B8%A5y%C4%81%CA%BC+al-Tur%C4%81th+al-Isl%C4%81m%C4%AB&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F22742875&rft.aulast=al-%CA%BBAsqal%C4%81n%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=A%E1%B8%A5mad+ibn+%CA%BBAl%C4%AB+Ibn+%E1%B8%A4ajar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFal-Maqdissi2010" class="citation journal cs1">al-Maqdissi, Michel (2010). "Matériel pour l'Étude de la Ville en Syrie (Deuxième Partie): Urban Planning in Syria during the SUR (Second Urban Revolution) (Mid-third Millennium BC)". <i>Al-Rāfidān (Journal of Western Asiatic Studies)</i>. Institulte for Cultural studies of Ancient Iraq, Kokushikan University. Special Issue. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0285-4406">0285-4406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-R%C4%81fid%C4%81n+%28Journal+of+Western+Asiatic+Studies%29&rft.atitle=Mat%C3%A9riel+pour+l%27%C3%89tude+de+la+Ville+en+Syrie+%28Deuxi%C3%A8me+Partie%29%3A+Urban+Planning+in+Syria+during+the+SUR+%28Second+Urban+Revolution%29+%28Mid-third+Millennium+BC%29&rft.volume=Special+Issue&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=0285-4406&rft.aulast=al-Maqdissi&rft.aufirst=Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFal-ʻUmarī2002" class="citation book cs1">al-ʻUmarī, Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyá Ibn Faḍl Allāh (2002) [1348]. al-Sarīḥī, ʻAbd Allāh ibn Yaḥyá (penyunting). <i>Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār (مسالك الأبصار في ممالك الأمصار)</i> (dalam bahasa Arab). <b>3</b>. Abū Dhabī : al-Majmaʻ al-Thaqāfī. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/4771042475">4771042475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mas%C4%81lik+al-ab%E1%B9%A3%C4%81r+f%C4%AB+mam%C4%81lik+al-am%E1%B9%A3%C4%81r+%28%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%29&rft.pub=Ab%C5%AB+Dhab%C4%AB+%3A+al-Majma%CA%BB+al-Thaq%C4%81f%C4%AB&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4771042475&rft.aulast=al-%CA%BBUmar%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=A%E1%B8%A5mad+ibn+Ya%E1%B8%A5y%C3%A1+Ibn+Fa%E1%B8%8Dl+All%C4%81h&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFal-Ziriklī2002" class="citation book cs1">al-Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn (2002) [1927]. <i>al-Aʻlām : qāmūs tarājim li-ashhar al-rijāl wa-al-nisāʼ min al-ʻArab wa-al-mustaʻribīn wa-al-mustashriqīn</i> (dalam bahasa Arab). <b>7</b> (ed. 15). Dār al-ʻIlm lil-Malāyīn. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/78683884">78683884</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=al-A%CA%BBl%C4%81m+%3A+q%C4%81m%C5%ABs+tar%C4%81jim+li-ashhar+al-rij%C4%81l+wa-al-nis%C4%81%CA%BC+min+al-%CA%BBArab+wa-al-musta%CA%BBrib%C4%ABn+wa-al-mustashriq%C4%ABn&rft.edition=15&rft.pub=D%C4%81r+al-%CA%BBIlm+lil-Mal%C4%81y%C4%ABn&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F78683884&rft.aulast=al-Zirikl%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Khayr+al-D%C4%ABn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAndo2012" class="citation book cs1">Ando, Clifford (2012). <i>Imperial Rome AD 193 to 284: The Critical Century</i>. Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7486-5534-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7486-5534-2"><bdi>978-0-7486-5534-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Rome+AD+193+to+284%3A+The+Critical+Century&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-5534-2&rft.aulast=Ando&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAndrade2013" class="citation book cs1">Andrade, Nathanael J. (2013). <i>Syrian Identity in the Greco-Roman World</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-107-01205-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-107-01205-9"><bdi>978-1-107-01205-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syrian+Identity+in+the+Greco-Roman+World&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-107-01205-9&rft.aulast=Andrade&rft.aufirst=Nathanael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBacharach1996" class="citation book cs1">Bacharach, Jere L. (1996). "Marwanid Umayyad Building Activities: Speculations on Patronage". Dalam Necipoğlu, Gülru (penyunting). <i>Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Cultures of the Islamic World</i>. <b>13</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-25933-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-25933-1"><bdi>978-90-04-25933-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0732-2992">0732-2992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Marwanid+Umayyad+Building+Activities%3A+Speculations+on+Patronage&rft.btitle=Muqarnas%3A+An+Annual+on+the+Visual+Cultures+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1996&rft.issn=0732-2992&rft.isbn=978-90-04-25933-1&rft.aulast=Bacharach&rft.aufirst=Jere+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBall2002" class="citation book cs1">Ball, Warwick (2002) [1999]. <i>Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-82387-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-82387-1"><bdi>978-1-134-82387-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome+in+the+East%3A+The+Transformation+of+an+Empire&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-134-82387-1&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Warwick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBall2009" class="citation book cs1">Ball, Warwick (2009). <i>Out of Arabia: Phoenicians, Arabs, and the Discovery of Europe</i>. Asia in Europe and the making of the West. <b>1</b>. East & West Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-56656-801-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-56656-801-2"><bdi>978-1-56656-801-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Out+of+Arabia%3A+Phoenicians%2C+Arabs%2C+and+the+Discovery+of+Europe&rft.series=Asia+in+Europe+and+the+making+of+the+West&rft.pub=East+%26+West+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-56656-801-2&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Warwick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBarnardSaad2015" class="citation web cs1">Barnard, Anne; Saad, Hwaida (31 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/01/world/middleeast/isis-militants-severely-damage-temple-of-baal-in-palmyra.html?_r=0">"Palmyra Temple Was Destroyed by ISIS, U.N. Confirms"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Palmyra+Temple+Was+Destroyed+by+ISIS%2C+U.N.+Confirms&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.au=Saad%2C+Hwaida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F09%2F01%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisis-militants-severely-damage-temple-of-baal-in-palmyra.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBeattiePepper2001" class="citation book cs1">Beattie, Andrew; Pepper, Timothy (2001). <i>The Rough Guide to Syria</i> (ed. 2). Rough Guides. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-85828-718-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-85828-718-8"><bdi>978-1-85828-718-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+Syria&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-85828-718-8&rft.aulast=Beattie&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Pepper%2C+Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBelnapHaeri1997" class="citation book cs1">Belnap, R. Kirk; Haeri, Niloofar (1997). <i>Structuralist Studies in Arabic Linguistics: Charles A. Ferguson's Papers, 1954–1994</i>. Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics. <b>24</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-10511-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-10511-9"><bdi>978-90-04-10511-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0081-8461">0081-8461</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Structuralist+Studies+in+Arabic+Linguistics%3A+Charles+A.+Ferguson%27s+Papers%2C+1954%E2%80%931994&rft.series=Studies+in+Semitic+Languages+and+Linguistics&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=0081-8461&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10511-9&rft.aulast=Belnap&rft.aufirst=R.+Kirk&rft.au=Haeri%2C+Niloofar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBen-YehoshuaBorowitzHanus2012" class="citation book cs1">Ben-Yehoshua, Shimshon; Borowitz, Carole; Hanus, Lumír Ondøej (2012). "Spices: Frankincense, Myrrh, and Balm of Gilead: Ancient Spices of Southern Arabia and Judea". Dalam Janick, Jules (penyunting). <i>Horticultural Reviews</i>. Horticultural Reviews. <b>39</b>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-118-10058-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-118-10058-5"><bdi>978-1-118-10058-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Spices%3A+Frankincense%2C+Myrrh%2C+and+Balm+of+Gilead%3A+Ancient+Spices+of+Southern+Arabia+and+Judea&rft.btitle=Horticultural+Reviews&rft.series=Horticultural+Reviews&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-118-10058-5&rft.aulast=Ben-Yehoshua&rft.aufirst=Shimshon&rft.au=Borowitz%2C+Carole&rft.au=Hanus%2C+Lum%C3%ADr+Ond%C3%B8ej&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBenzelGraffRakicWatts2010" class="citation book cs1">Benzel, Kim; Graff, Sarah B.; Rakic, Yelena; Watts, Edith W. (2010). <i>Art of the Ancient Near East: A Resource for Educators</i>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-58839-358-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-58839-358-6"><bdi>978-1-58839-358-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+of+the+Ancient+Near+East%3A+A+Resource+for+Educators&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-58839-358-6&rft.aulast=Benzel&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft.au=Graff%2C+Sarah+B.&rft.au=Rakic%2C+Yelena&rft.au=Watts%2C+Edith+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBeyer1986" class="citation book cs1">Beyer, Klaus (1986) [1984]. <i>The Aramaic Language, Its Distribution and Subdivisions</i>. Diterjemahkan oleh Healey, John F. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-525-53573-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-525-53573-8"><bdi>978-3-525-53573-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aramaic+Language%2C+Its+Distribution+and+Subdivisions&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-3-525-53573-8&rft.aulast=Beyer&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBielińska1997" class="citation journal cs1">Bielińska, Dorota (1997). "Small finds from pre-Classical Palmyra". <i>Studia Palmyreńskie</i>. Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw. <b>10</b>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0081-6787">0081-6787</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Palmyre%C5%84skie&rft.atitle=Small+finds+from+pre-Classical+Palmyra&rft.volume=10&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=0081-6787&rft.aulast=Bieli%C5%84ska&rft.aufirst=Dorota&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBrauer1975" class="citation book cs1">Brauer, George C. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ageofsoldierem00brau"><i>The Age of the Soldier Emperors: Imperial Rome, A.D. 244–284</i></a>. Noyes Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-8155-5036-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-8155-5036-5"><bdi>978-0-8155-5036-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+the+Soldier+Emperors%3A+Imperial+Rome%2C+A.D.+244%E2%80%93284&rft.pub=Noyes+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8155-5036-5&rft.aulast=Brauer&rft.aufirst=George+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fageofsoldierem00brau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBrowning1979" class="citation book cs1">Browning, Iain (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palmyra0000brow"><i>Palmyra</i></a>. Noyes Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-8155-5054-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-8155-5054-9"><bdi>978-0-8155-5054-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palmyra&rft.pub=Noyes+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-8155-5054-9&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalmyra0000brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBryce2009" class="citation book cs1">Bryce, Trevor (2009). <i>The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the fall of the Persian Empire</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-15907-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-15907-9"><bdi>978-1-134-15907-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Handbook+of+the+Peoples+and+Places+of+Ancient+Western+Asia%3A+The+Near+East+from+the+Early+Bronze+Age+to+the+fall+of+the+Persian+Empire&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-134-15907-9&rft.aulast=Bryce&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBryce2014" class="citation book cs1">Bryce, Trevor (2014). <i>Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-100292-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-100292-2"><bdi>978-0-19-100292-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Syria%3A+A+Three+Thousand+Year+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-100292-2&rft.aulast=Bryce&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBubeník1989" class="citation book cs1">Bubeník, Vít (1989). <i>Hellenistic and Roman Greece as a Sociolinguistic Area</i>. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory Series. <b>57</b>. John Benjamins Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-9-027-23551-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-9-027-23551-0"><bdi>978-9-027-23551-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hellenistic+and+Roman+Greece+as+a+Sociolinguistic+Area&rft.series=Current+Issues+in+Linguistic+Theory+Series&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-9-027-23551-0&rft.aulast=Buben%C3%ADk&rft.aufirst=V%C3%ADt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2009" class="citation book cs1">Burns, Ross (2009) [1992]. <i>Monuments of Syria: A Guide</i> (ed. revised). I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-85771-489-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-85771-489-3"><bdi>978-0-85771-489-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monuments+of+Syria%3A+A+Guide&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-85771-489-3&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Ross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2007" class="citation book cs1">Burns, Ross (2007) [2005]. <i>Damascus: A History</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-48849-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-48849-0"><bdi>978-1-134-48849-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Damascus%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-134-48849-0&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Ross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBusta2015" class="citation web cs1">Busta, Hallie (23 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/an-open-source-project-to-rebuild-palmyra_o">"An Open-Source Project to Rebuild Palmyra"</a>. The Journal of the American Institute of Architects<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Open-Source+Project+to+Rebuild+Palmyra&rft.pub=The+Journal+of+the+American+Institute+of+Architects&rft.date=2015-10-23&rft.aulast=Busta&rft.aufirst=Hallie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.architectmagazine.com%2Ftechnology%2Fan-open-source-project-to-rebuild-palmyra_o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFButcher2003" class="citation book cs1">Butcher, Kevin (2003). <i>Roman Syria and the Near East</i>. The British Museum Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7141-2235-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7141-2235-9"><bdi>978-0-7141-2235-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Syria+and+the+Near+East&rft.pub=The+British+Museum+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7141-2235-9&rft.aulast=Butcher&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFByliński1995" class="citation journal cs1">Byliński, Janusz (1995). Gawlikowski, Michał; Daszewski, Wiktor A. (penyunting). "Palmyra: Arab Castle". <i>Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean</i>. Warsaw University Press. <b>7</b>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1234-5415">1234-5415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polish+Archaeology+in+the+Mediterranean&rft.atitle=Palmyra%3A+Arab+Castle&rft.volume=7&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=1234-5415&rft.aulast=Byli%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Janusz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFByliński1999" class="citation journal cs1">Byliński, Janusz (1999). "Qal'at Shirkuh at Palmyra: A Medieval Fortress Reinterpreted". <i>Bulletin d'Études Orientales</i>. l'Institut français d'archéologie du Proche-Orient. <b>51</b>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-2-901315-56-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-2-901315-56-8"><bdi>978-2-901315-56-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2077-4079">2077-4079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+d%27%C3%89tudes+Orientales&rft.atitle=Qal%27at+Shirkuh+at+Palmyra%3A+A+Medieval+Fortress+Reinterpreted&rft.volume=51&rft.date=1999&rft.issn=2077-4079&rft.isbn=978-2-901315-56-8&rft.aulast=Byli%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Janusz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCameronRössler2016" class="citation book cs1">Cameron, Christina; Rössler, Mechtild (2016) [2013]. <i>Many Voices, One Vision: The Early Years of the World Heritage Convention</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-317-10102-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-317-10102-4"><bdi>978-1-317-10102-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Many+Voices%2C+One+Vision%3A+The+Early+Years+of+the+World+Heritage+Convention&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-10102-4&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft.au=R%C3%B6ssler%2C+Mechtild&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCarissimo2015" class="citation web cs1">Carissimo, Justin (4 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-propaganda-video-shows-20-syrian-government-soldiers-executed-in-palmyra-by-young-islamists-10366533.html">"Isis propaganda video shows 25 Syrian soldiers executed by teenage militants in Palmyra"</a>. The Independent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isis+propaganda+video+shows+25+Syrian+soldiers+executed+by+teenage+militants+in+Palmyra&rft.pub=The+Independent&rft.date=2015-07-04&rft.aulast=Carissimo&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisis-propaganda-video-shows-20-syrian-government-soldiers-executed-in-palmyra-by-young-islamists-10366533.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCarterDunstonThomas2008" class="citation book cs1">Carter, Terry; Dunston, Lara; Thomas, Amelia (2008). <i>Syria & Lebanon</i>. Lonely Planet. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-74104-609-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-74104-609-0"><bdi>978-1-74104-609-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria+%26+Lebanon&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-74104-609-0&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft.au=Dunston%2C+Lara&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Amelia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCasule2008" class="citation book cs1">Casule, Francesca (2008). <i>Art and History: Syria</i>. Diterjemahkan oleh Boomsliter, Paula Elise; Dunbar, Richard. Casa Editrice Bonechi. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-88-476-0119-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-88-476-0119-2"><bdi>978-88-476-0119-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+and+History%3A+Syria&rft.pub=Casa+Editrice+Bonechi&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-88-476-0119-2&rft.aulast=Casule&rft.aufirst=Francesca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCave2012" class="citation book cs1">Cave, Terry (2012) [2003]. <i>The Battle Honours of the Second World War 1939–1945 and Korea 1950–1953: British and Colonial Regiments</i>. Andrews UK Limited. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-781-51379-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-781-51379-8"><bdi>978-1-781-51379-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+Honours+of+the+Second+World+War+1939%E2%80%931945+and+Korea+1950%E2%80%931953%3A+British+and+Colonial+Regiments&rft.pub=Andrews+UK+Limited&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-781-51379-8&rft.aulast=Cave&rft.aufirst=Terry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFÇelebi1834" class="citation book cs1">Çelebi, Evliya (1834) [1681]. <i>Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Seventeenth Century</i>. <b>1</b>. Diterjemahkan oleh von Hammer-Purgstall, Freiherr. Oriental Translation Fund. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/754957231">754957231</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narrative+of+Travels+in+Europe%2C+Asia%2C+and+Africa+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.pub=Oriental+Translation+Fund&rft.date=1834&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F754957231&rft.aulast=%C3%87elebi&rft.aufirst=Evliya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFChamberlain2005" class="citation book cs1">Chamberlain, Michael (2005). "Military Patronage States and the Political economy of the Frontier, 1000–1250". Dalam Choueiri, Youssef M. (penyunting). <i>A Companion to the History of the Middle East</i>. Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4051-5204-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4051-5204-4"><bdi>978-1-4051-5204-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Military+Patronage+States+and+the+Political+economy+of+the+Frontier%2C+1000%E2%80%931250&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+History+of+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-5204-4&rft.aulast=Chamberlain&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFChapot2014" class="citation book cs1">Chapot, Victor (2014) [1928]. Ogden, Charles Kay (penyunting). <i>The Roman World</i>. The History of Civilization. Diterjemahkan oleh Parker, Edward Adams. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-73140-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-73140-4"><bdi>978-1-134-73140-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+World&rft.series=The+History+of+Civilization&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-134-73140-4&rft.aulast=Chapot&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCharnock1859" class="citation book cs1">Charnock, Richard Stephen (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_I2BulY4WvsYC"><i>Local Etymology: A Derivative Dictionary of Geographical Names</i></a>. Houlston and Wright. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/4696115">4696115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Local+Etymology%3A+A+Derivative+Dictionary+of+Geographical+Names&rft.pub=Houlston+and+Wright&rft.date=1859&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4696115&rft.aulast=Charnock&rft.aufirst=Richard+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_I2BulY4WvsYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFClineGraham2011" class="citation book cs1">Cline, Eric H.; Graham, Mark W. (2011). <i>Ancient Empires: From Mesopotamia to the Rise of Islam</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-88911-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-521-88911-7"><bdi>978-0-521-88911-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Empires%3A+From+Mesopotamia+to+the+Rise+of+Islam&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88911-7&rft.aulast=Cline&rft.aufirst=Eric+H.&rft.au=Graham%2C+Mark+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCobb2001" class="citation book cs1">Cobb, Paul M. (2001). <i>White Banners: Contention in 'Abbasid Syria, 750–880</i>. State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7914-4880-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7914-4880-9"><bdi>978-0-7914-4880-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Banners%3A+Contention+in+%27Abbasid+Syria%2C+750%E2%80%93880&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-4880-9&rft.aulast=Cobb&rft.aufirst=Paul+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFColledge1976" class="citation book cs1">Colledge, Malcolm Andrew Richard (1976). <i>The Art of Palmyra</i>. Studies in Ancient Art and Archaeology. <b>4</b>. Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-89158-617-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-89158-617-3"><bdi>978-0-89158-617-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Palmyra&rft.series=Studies+in+Ancient+Art+and+Archaeology&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-89158-617-3&rft.aulast=Colledge&rft.aufirst=Malcolm+Andrew+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFColledge1986" class="citation book cs1">Colledge, Malcolm Andrew Richard (1986). van Baaren, Theodoor Pieter; van den Bosch, Lourens Peter; Kippenberg, Hans Gerhard; Leertouwer, Lammert; Leemhuis, Fred; te Velde, Henk; Witte, Hans Antonius; Buning, H. (penyunting). <i>The Parthian Period</i>. Iconography of Religions. Section XIV: Iran (Institute of Religious Iconography, State University Groningen). <b>3</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-07115-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-07115-5"><bdi>978-90-04-07115-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0169-9873">0169-9873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Parthian+Period&rft.series=Iconography+of+Religions.+Section+XIV%3A+Iran+%28Institute+of+Religious+Iconography%2C+State+University+Groningen%29&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1986&rft.issn=0169-9873&rft.isbn=978-90-04-07115-5&rft.aulast=Colledge&rft.aufirst=Malcolm+Andrew+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFColledgeWiesehöfer2014" class="citation book cs1">Colledge, Malcolm Andrew Richard; Wiesehöfer, Josef (2014) [1998]. "Palmyra". Dalam Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (penyunting). <i>The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization</i> (ed. 2). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-870677-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-870677-9"><bdi>978-0-19-870677-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Palmyra&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Classical+Civilization&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-870677-9&rft.aulast=Colledge&rft.aufirst=Malcolm+Andrew+Richard&rft.au=Wieseh%C3%B6fer%2C+Josef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCooke1903" class="citation book cs1">Cooke, George Albert (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924096083104"><i>A Text-Book of North-Semitic Inscriptions: Moabite, Hebrew, Phoenician, Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene, Jewish</i></a>. The Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-5-87188-785-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-5-87188-785-1"><bdi>978-5-87188-785-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Text-Book+of+North-Semitic+Inscriptions%3A+Moabite%2C+Hebrew%2C+Phoenician%2C+Aramaic%2C+Nabataean%2C+Palmyrene%2C+Jewish&rft.pub=The+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1903&rft.isbn=978-5-87188-785-1&rft.aulast=Cooke&rft.aufirst=George+Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924096083104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCotterman2013" class="citation book cs1">Cotterman, William W. (2013). <i>Improbable Women: Five who Explored the Middle East</i>. Contemporary Issues in the Middle East. Syracuse University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-8156-5231-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-8156-5231-1"><bdi>978-0-8156-5231-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Improbable+Women%3A+Five+who+Explored+the+Middle+East&rft.series=Contemporary+Issues+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-5231-1&rft.aulast=Cotterman&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford1990" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, J. Stephens (1990). <i>The Byzantine Shops at Sardis</i>. Monograph / Archaeological Exploration of Sardis. <b>9</b>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-674-08968-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-674-08968-6"><bdi>978-0-674-08968-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0066-5975">0066-5975</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byzantine+Shops+at+Sardis&rft.series=Monograph+%2F+Archaeological+Exploration+of+Sardis&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=0066-5975&rft.isbn=978-0-674-08968-6&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=J.+Stephens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCurry2012" class="citation web cs1">Curry, Andrew (20 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/07/120717-palmyra-roman-city-syria-science-farming-world-ancient/">"Mystery of Lost Roman City Solved: Ancients Greened the Desert?"</a>. National Geographic News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mystery+of+Lost+Roman+City+Solved%3A+Ancients+Greened+the+Desert%3F&rft.pub=National+Geographic+News&rft.date=2012-07-20&rft.aulast=Curry&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2F07%2F120717-palmyra-roman-city-syria-science-farming-world-ancient%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDąbrowa1979" class="citation journal cs1">Dąbrowa, Edward (1979). "Les Troupes Auxiliaires de L'armée Romaine en Syrie au Ier Siècle de Notre ère". <i>Dialogues d'Histoire Ancienne</i>. Annales littéraires de l'Université de Besançon (Volume 239). les Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté. <b>5</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fdha.1979.1387">10.3406/dha.1979.1387</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-2-251-60239-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-2-251-60239-4"><bdi>978-2-251-60239-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0755-7256">0755-7256</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dialogues+d%27Histoire+Ancienne&rft.atitle=Les+Troupes+Auxiliaires+de+L%27arm%C3%A9e+Romaine+en+Syrie+au+Ier+Si%C3%A8cle+de+Notre+%C3%A8re&rft.volume=5&rft.date=1979&rft.issn=0755-7256&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fdha.1979.1387&rft.isbn=978-2-251-60239-4&rft.aulast=D%C4%85browa&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDąbrowa1993" class="citation book cs1">Dąbrowa, Edward (1993). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Pendaftaran percuma diperlukan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legioxfretensisp0000dabr"><i>Legio X Fretensis. A Prosopographical Study of its Officers (I–III c. AD)</i></a></span>. <i>Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte</i>. Historia Einzelschriften. <b>66</b>. Franz Steiner Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-515-05809-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-515-05809-4"><bdi>978-3-515-05809-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legio+X+Fretensis.+A+Prosopographical+Study+of+its+Officers+%28I%E2%80%93III+c.+AD%29&rft.series=Historia+Einzelschriften&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-3-515-05809-4&rft.aulast=D%C4%85browa&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flegioxfretensisp0000dabr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDarke2006" class="citation book cs1">Darke, Diana (2006). <i>Syria</i>. Bradt Travel Guides. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-84162-162-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-84162-162-3"><bdi>978-1-84162-162-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84162-162-3&rft.aulast=Darke&rft.aufirst=Diana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDarke2010" class="citation book cs1">Darke, Diana (2010) [2006]. <i>Syria</i> (ed. 2). Bradt Travel Guides. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-84162-314-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-84162-314-6"><bdi>978-1-84162-314-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84162-314-6&rft.aulast=Darke&rft.aufirst=Diana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDearden2017" class="citation web cs1">Dearden, Lizzie (2 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-palmyra-syria-driven-out-second-time-islamic-state-ancient-roman-ruins-assad-executions-a7607351.html">"Isis driven out of ancient Syrian city of Palmyra for second time"</a>. The Independent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isis+driven+out+of+ancient+Syrian+city+of+Palmyra+for+second+time&rft.pub=The+Independent&rft.date=2017-03-02&rft.aulast=Dearden&rft.aufirst=Lizzie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisis-palmyra-syria-driven-out-second-time-islamic-state-ancient-roman-ruins-assad-executions-a7607351.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Blois1976" class="citation book cs1">De Blois, Lukas (1976). <i>The Policy of the Emperor Gallienus</i>. Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society: Studies of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society. <b>7</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-04508-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-04508-8"><bdi>978-90-04-04508-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Policy+of+the+Emperor+Gallienus&rft.series=Dutch+Archaeological+and+Historical+Society%3A+Studies+of+the+Dutch+Archaeological+and+Historical+Society&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-90-04-04508-8&rft.aulast=De+Blois&rft.aufirst=Lukas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Laborde1837" class="citation journal cs1">De Laborde, Leon (1837). "Journey Through Arabia Petraea, To Mount Sinai, And The Excavated City Of Petra, The Edom Of The Prophecies 1836". <i>The Quarterly Christian Spectator</i>. New Haven : A. H. Maltby. <b>9</b>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/176276638">176276638</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Christian+Spectator&rft.atitle=Journey+Through+Arabia+Petraea%2C+To+Mount+Sinai%2C+And+The+Excavated+City+Of+Petra%2C+The+Edom+Of+The+Prophecies+1836&rft.volume=9&rft.date=1837&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F176276638&rft.aulast=De+Laborde&rft.aufirst=Leon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDignasWinter2007" class="citation book cs1">Dignas, Beate; Winter, Engelbert (2007) [2001]. <i>Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-84925-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-521-84925-8"><bdi>978-0-521-84925-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome+and+Persia+in+Late+Antiquity%3A+Neighbours+and+Rivals&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-84925-8&rft.aulast=Dignas&rft.aufirst=Beate&rft.au=Winter%2C+Engelbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDirven1998" class="citation book cs1">Dirven, Lucinda (1998). "The Palmyrene diaspora in East and West : a Syrian community in the diaspora in the Roman period". Dalam ter Haar, Gerrie (penyunting). <i>Strangers and sojourners: religious communities in the diaspora</i>. Peeters Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-429-0663-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-429-0663-1"><bdi>978-90-429-0663-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Palmyrene+diaspora+in+East+and+West+%3A+a+Syrian+community+in+the+diaspora+in+the+Roman+period&rft.btitle=Strangers+and+sojourners%3A+religious+communities+in+the+diaspora&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-90-429-0663-1&rft.aulast=Dirven&rft.aufirst=Lucinda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDirven1999" class="citation book cs1">Dirven, Lucinda (1999). <i>The Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos: A Study of Religious Interaction in Roman Syria</i>. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. <b>138</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-11589-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-11589-7"><bdi>978-90-04-11589-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0927-7633">0927-7633</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Palmyrenes+of+Dura-Europos%3A+A+Study+of+Religious+Interaction+in+Roman+Syria&rft.series=Religions+in+the+Graeco-Roman+World&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1999&rft.issn=0927-7633&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11589-7&rft.aulast=Dirven&rft.aufirst=Lucinda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDixonSouthern2005" class="citation book cs1">Dixon, Karen R.; Southern, Patricia (2005) [1992]. <i>The Roman Cavalry</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-135-11407-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-135-11407-7"><bdi>978-1-135-11407-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Cavalry&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-135-11407-7&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Karen+R.&rft.au=Southern%2C+Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDowney1977" class="citation book cs1">Downey, Susan (1977). "<span class="cs1-kern-left">"</span>Temples a Escaliers": The Dura Evidence". Dalam Stroud, Ronald S.; Levine, Philip (penyunting). <i>California Studies in Classical Antiquity</i>. <b>9</b>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-520-09565-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-520-09565-6"><bdi>978-0-520-09565-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%22Temples+a+Escaliers%22%3A+The+Dura+Evidence&rft.btitle=California+Studies+in+Classical+Antiquity&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-520-09565-6&rft.aulast=Downey&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDowney1996" class="citation journal cs1">Downey, Susan (1996). "Funerary sculptures of Palmyra; Review of A. Sadurska and A. Bounni, Les sculptures funéraires de Palmyre". <i>Journal of Roman Archaeology</i>. <b>9</b>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1047-7594">1047-7594</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Roman+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Funerary+sculptures+of+Palmyra%3B+Review+of+A.+Sadurska+and+A.+Bounni%2C+Les+sculptures+fun%C3%A9raires+de+Palmyre&rft.volume=9&rft.date=1996&rft.issn=1047-7594&rft.aulast=Downey&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDrijvers1976" class="citation book cs1">Drijvers, Hendrik Jan Willem (1976). van Baaren, Theodoor Pieter; Leertouwer, Lammert; Leemhuis, Fred; Buning, H. (penyunting). <i>The Religion of Palmyra</i>. Iconography of Religions. Section XV Mesopotamia and the Near East (Institute of Religious Iconography, State University Groningen). Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-585-36013-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-585-36013-3"><bdi>978-0-585-36013-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0169-8036">0169-8036</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/714982019">714982019</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religion+of+Palmyra&rft.series=Iconography+of+Religions.+Section+XV+Mesopotamia+and+the+Near+East+%28Institute+of+Religious+Iconography%2C+State+University+Groningen%29&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F714982019&rft.issn=0169-8036&rft.isbn=978-0-585-36013-3&rft.aulast=Drijvers&rft.aufirst=Hendrik+Jan+Willem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDrijvers1980" class="citation book cs1">Drijvers, Hendrik Jan Willem (1980). <i>Cults and Beliefs at Edessa</i>. Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'Empire romain. <b>82</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-06050-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-06050-0"><bdi>978-90-04-06050-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cults+and+Beliefs+at+Edessa&rft.series=%C3%89tudes+pr%C3%A9liminaires+aux+religions+orientales+dans+l%27Empire+romain&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-90-04-06050-0&rft.aulast=Drijvers&rft.aufirst=Hendrik+Jan+Willem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDrijvers1990" class="citation book cs1">Drijvers, Hendrik Jan Willem (1990). "The Syrian Cult Relief". Dalam Kippenberg, Hans G.; van den Bosch, Lourens P.; Leertouwer, Lammert; Witte, Hans Antonius (penyunting). <i>Genres in Visual Representations: Proceedings of a Conference Held in 1986 by Invitation of the Werner-Reimers-Stiftung in Bad Homburg (Federal Republic of Germany)</i>. Visible Religion. Annual for Religious Iconography (Institute of Religious Iconography, State University Groningen). <b>7</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-09094-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-09094-1"><bdi>978-90-04-09094-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Syrian+Cult+Relief&rft.btitle=Genres+in+Visual+Representations%3A+Proceedings+of+a+Conference+Held+in+1986+by+Invitation+of+the+Werner-Reimers-Stiftung+in+Bad+Homburg+%28Federal+Republic+of+Germany%29.&rft.series=Visible+Religion.+Annual+for+Religious+Iconography+%28Institute+of+Religious+Iconography%2C+State+University+Groningen%29&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09094-1&rft.aulast=Drijvers&rft.aufirst=Hendrik+Jan+Willem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDrinkwater2005" class="citation book cs1">Drinkwater, John (2005). "Maximinus to Diocletian and the 'crisis<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>". Dalam Bowman, Alan K.; Garnsey, Peter; Cameron, Averil (penyunting). <i>The Crisis of Empire, AD 193–337</i>. The Cambridge Ancient History. <b>12</b>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-30199-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-521-30199-2"><bdi>978-0-521-30199-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maximinus+to+Diocletian+and+the+%27crisis%27&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+of+Empire%2C+AD+193%E2%80%93337&rft.series=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-30199-2&rft.aulast=Drinkwater&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDubnov1968" class="citation book cs1">Dubnov, Simon (1968) [1916]. <i>History of the Jews From the Roman Empire to the Early Medieval Period</i>. <b>2</b>. Diterjemahkan oleh Spiegel, Moshe. Thomas Yoseloff. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/900833618">900833618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Jews+From+the+Roman+Empire+to+the+Early+Medieval+Period&rft.pub=Thomas+Yoseloff&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F900833618&rft.aulast=Dubnov&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDupont-Sommer1970" class="citation journal cs1">Dupont-Sommer, André (1970). "Une Nouvelle Inscription Araméenne d'Asoka Trouvée Dans la Vallée du Laghman (Afghanistan)". <i>Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres</i>. Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. <b>114</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0151-0509">0151-0509</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comptes+Rendus+des+S%C3%A9ances+de+l%27Acad%C3%A9mie+des+Inscriptions+et+Belles-Lettres&rft.atitle=Une+Nouvelle+Inscription+Aram%C3%A9enne+d%27Asoka+Trouv%C3%A9e+Dans+la+Vall%C3%A9e+du+Laghman+%28Afghanistan%29&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1970&rft.issn=0151-0509&rft.aulast=Dupont-Sommer&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFEdwell2008" class="citation book cs1">Edwell, Peter (2008). <i>Between Rome and Persia: The Middle Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Palmyra Under Roman Control</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-09573-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-09573-5"><bdi>978-1-134-09573-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Rome+and+Persia%3A+The+Middle+Euphrates%2C+Mesopotamia+and+Palmyra+Under+Roman+Control&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-134-09573-5&rft.aulast=Edwell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFEhrenkreutz1972" class="citation book cs1">Ehrenkreutz, Andrew S. (1972). <i>Saladin</i>. State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-87395-095-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-87395-095-4"><bdi>978-0-87395-095-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saladin&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-87395-095-4&rft.aulast=Ehrenkreutz&rft.aufirst=Andrew+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFÉlisséeff2007" class="citation book cs1">Élisséeff, Nikita (2007). "Homs". Dalam Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (penyunting). <i>Historic Cities of the Islamic World</i>. EI Reference Guides. <b>1</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-15388-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-15388-2"><bdi>978-90-04-15388-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Homs&rft.btitle=Historic+Cities+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.series=EI+Reference+Guides&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15388-2&rft.aulast=%C3%89liss%C3%A9eff&rft.aufirst=Nikita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFElton1996" class="citation book cs1">Elton, Hugh (1996). <i>Frontiers of the Roman Empire</i>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-253-33111-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-253-33111-3"><bdi>978-0-253-33111-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontiers+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-253-33111-3&rft.aulast=Elton&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFEvansKevorkian2000" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Jean M.; Kevorkian, Hagop (2000). "Palmyra". Dalam Milleker, Elizabeth J. (penyunting). <i>The Year One: Art of the Ancient World East and West</i>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-87099-961-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-87099-961-1"><bdi>978-0-87099-961-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Palmyra&rft.btitle=The+Year+One%3A+Art+of+the+Ancient+World+East+and+West&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-87099-961-1&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Jean+M.&rft.au=Kevorkian%2C+Hagop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFFellmann1987" class="citation book cs1">Fellmann, Rudolf (1987). "Der Palast der Königin Zenobia". Dalam al-Asaad, Khaled; Ruprechtsberger, Erwin Maria (penyunting). <i>Palmyra, Geschichte, Kunst und Kultur der Syrischen Oasenstadt: Einführende Beiträge und Katalog zur Ausstellung</i>. Linzer Archäologische Forschungen (dalam bahasa Jerman). <b>16</b>. Gutenberg. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-900-40115-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-900-40115-3"><bdi>978-3-900-40115-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Der+Palast+der+K%C3%B6nigin+Zenobia&rft.btitle=Palmyra%2C+Geschichte%2C+Kunst+und+Kultur+der+Syrischen+Oasenstadt%3A+Einf%C3%BChrende+Beitr%C3%A4ge+und+Katalog+zur+Ausstellung&rft.series=Linzer+Arch%C3%A4ologische+Forschungen&rft.pub=Gutenberg&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-3-900-40115-3&rft.aulast=Fellmann&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFFields2008" class="citation book cs1">Fields, Nic (2008). <i>The Walls of Rome</i>. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-84603-198-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-84603-198-4"><bdi>978-1-84603-198-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Walls+of+Rome&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-198-4&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=Nic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFFowden1999" class="citation book cs1">Fowden, Elizabeth Key (1999). <i>The Barbarian Plain: Saint Sergius between Rome and Iran</i>. Transformation of the Classical Heritage. <b>28</b>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-520-92220-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-520-92220-4"><bdi>978-0-520-92220-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Barbarian+Plain%3A+Saint+Sergius+between+Rome+and+Iran&rft.series=Transformation+of+the+Classical+Heritage&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-520-92220-4&rft.aulast=Fowden&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+Key&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFFowden2004" class="citation book cs1">Fowden, Garth (2004). <i>Qusayr 'Amra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria</i>. Transformation of the Classical Heritage Series. <b>36</b>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-520-92960-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-520-92960-9"><bdi>978-0-520-92960-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Qusayr+%27Amra%3A+Art+and+the+Umayyad+Elite+in+Late+Antique+Syria&rft.series=Transformation+of+the+Classical+Heritage+Series&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-520-92960-9&rft.aulast=Fowden&rft.aufirst=Garth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGambino2016" class="citation web cs1">Gambino, Lauren (28 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/28/palmyra-ruins-syria-recapture-isis-antiquities">"Damages to Palmyra ruins in Syrian recapture less than feared, experts say"</a>. The Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Damages+to+Palmyra+ruins+in+Syrian+recapture+less+than+feared%2C+experts+say&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft.date=2016-03-28&rft.aulast=Gambino&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fmar%2F28%2Fpalmyra-ruins-syria-recapture-isis-antiquities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGates2003" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Charles (2003). <i>Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-67662-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-67662-0"><bdi>978-1-134-67662-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Cities%3A+The+Archaeology+of+Urban+Life+in+the+Ancient+Near+East+and+Egypt%2C+Greece+and+Rome&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-134-67662-0&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGawlikowski2005" class="citation book cs1">Gawlikowski, Michal (2005). "The City of the Dead". Dalam Cussini, Eleonora (penyunting). <i>A Journey to Palmyra: Collected Essays to Remember Delbert R. Hillers</i>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-12418-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-12418-9"><bdi>978-90-04-12418-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+City+of+the+Dead&rft.btitle=A+Journey+to+Palmyra%3A+Collected+Essays+to+Remember+Delbert+R.+Hillers&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12418-9&rft.aulast=Gawlikowski&rft.aufirst=Michal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGawlikowski2011" class="citation journal cs1">Gawlikowski, Michał (2011). Zych, Iwona; Szymczak, Agnieszka (penyunting). "Palmyra: reexcavating the site of the Tariff (fieldwork in 2010 and 2011)". <i>Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean</i>. Warsaw University Press. <b>23</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1234-5415">1234-5415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polish+Archaeology+in+the+Mediterranean&rft.atitle=Palmyra%3A+reexcavating+the+site+of+the+Tariff+%28fieldwork+in+2010+and+2011%29&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1234-5415&rft.aulast=Gawlikowski&rft.aufirst=Micha%C5%82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGibb2002" class="citation book cs1">Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen (2002) [1932]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/damascuschronicl00harg"><i>The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades: Extracted and Translated from the Chronicle of Ibn Al-Qalanisi</i></a> (ed. Dover). Dover publications. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-486-42519-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-486-42519-1"><bdi>978-0-486-42519-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Damascus+Chronicle+of+the+Crusades%3A+Extracted+and+Translated+from+the+Chronicle+of+Ibn+Al-Qalanisi&rft.edition=Dover&rft.pub=Dover+publications&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-486-42519-1&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=Hamilton+Alexander+Rosskeen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdamascuschronicl00harg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGrabarHolodKnustadTrousdale1978" class="citation book cs1">Grabar, Oleg; Holod, Reneta; Knustad, James; Trousdale, William (1978). <i>City in the Desert. Qasr al-Hayr East</i>. Harvard Middle Eastern Monographs. 23–24. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-674-13195-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-674-13195-8"><bdi>978-0-674-13195-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=City+in+the+Desert.+Qasr+al-Hayr+East&rft.series=Harvard+Middle+Eastern+Monographs&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-674-13195-8&rft.aulast=Grabar&rft.aufirst=Oleg&rft.au=Holod%2C+Reneta&rft.au=Knustad%2C+James&rft.au=Trousdale%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGraf1989" class="citation book cs1">Graf, David F. (1989). "Zenobia and the Arabs". Dalam French, David H.; Lightfoot, Chris S. (penyunting). <i>The Eastern frontier of the Roman Empire: proceedings of a colloquium held at Ankara in September 1988 (Volume 1)</i>. British Archaeological Reports. <b>553</b>. BAR Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-86054-700-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-86054-700-6"><bdi>978-0-86054-700-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zenobia+and+the+Arabs&rft.btitle=The+Eastern+frontier+of+the+Roman+Empire%3A+proceedings+of+a+colloquium+held+at+Ankara+in+September+1988+%28Volume+1%29&rft.series=British+Archaeological+Reports&rft.pub=BAR+Publishing&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-86054-700-6&rft.aulast=Graf&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGrainger1997" class="citation book cs1">Grainger, John D. (1997). <i>A Seleukid Prosopography and Gazetteer</i>. Mnemosyne, Bibliotheca Classica Batava. Supplementum. <b>172</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-9-004-10799-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-9-004-10799-1"><bdi>978-9-004-10799-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0169-8958">0169-8958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Seleukid+Prosopography+and+Gazetteer&rft.series=Mnemosyne%2C+Bibliotheca+Classica+Batava.+Supplementum&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=0169-8958&rft.isbn=978-9-004-10799-1&rft.aulast=Grainger&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGrainger2013" class="citation book cs1">Grainger, John D. (2013). <i>The Battle for Syria, 1918–1920</i>. Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-84383-803-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-84383-803-6"><bdi>978-1-84383-803-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+Syria%2C+1918%E2%80%931920&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84383-803-6&rft.aulast=Grainger&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGreatrexLieu2005" class="citation book cs1">Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2005) [2002]. <i>The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars, part 2, AD 363–628</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-75646-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-75646-9"><bdi>978-1-134-75646-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Eastern+Frontier+and+the+Persian+Wars%2C+part+2%2C+AD+363%E2%80%93628&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-134-75646-9&rft.aulast=Greatrex&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.au=Lieu%2C+Samuel+N.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2015" class="citation journal cs1">Greenberg, Andy (21 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2015/10/jailed-activist-bassel-khartabil-3d-models-could-save-syrian-history-from-isis/">"A Jailed Activist's 3-D Models Could Save Syria's History From ISIS"</a>. <i>Wired</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=A+Jailed+Activist%27s+3-D+Models+Could+Save+Syria%27s+History+From+ISIS&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2015%2F10%2Fjailed-activist-bassel-khartabil-3d-models-could-save-syrian-history-from-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGreene2001" class="citation book cs1">Greene, Joseph A. (2001). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Pendaftaran percuma diperlukan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordguidetopeo00metz">"Aram"</a></span>. Dalam Metzger, Bruce Manning; Coogan, Michael David (penyunting). <i>The Oxford Guide to People & Places of the Bible</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-517610-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-517610-0"><bdi>978-0-19-517610-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aram&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Guide+to+People+%26+Places+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-517610-0&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Joseph+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordguidetopeo00metz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGuntern2010" class="citation book cs1">Guntern, Gottlieb (2010). <i>The Spirit of Creativity: Basic Mechanisms of Creative Achievements</i>. University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7618-5053-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7618-5053-3"><bdi>978-0-7618-5053-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spirit+of+Creativity%3A+Basic+Mechanisms+of+Creative+Achievements&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-5053-3&rft.aulast=Guntern&rft.aufirst=Gottlieb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHachlili1998" class="citation book cs1">Hachlili, Rachel (1998). <i>Ancient Jewish Art and Archaeology in the Diaspora</i>. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 the near and Middle East Series. <b>35</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-10878-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-10878-3"><bdi>978-90-04-10878-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Jewish+Art+and+Archaeology+in+the+Diaspora&rft.series=Handbook+of+Oriental+Studies.+Section+1+the+near+and+Middle+East+Series&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10878-3&rft.aulast=Hachlili&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHalsberghe1972" class="citation book cs1">Halsberghe, Gaston H. (1972). <i>The Cult of Sol Invictus</i>. Études Préliminaires aux Religions Orientales dans l'Empire Romain. <b>23</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-9-004-30831-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-9-004-30831-2"><bdi>978-9-004-30831-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cult+of+Sol+Invictus&rft.series=%C3%89tudes+Pr%C3%A9liminaires+aux+Religions+Orientales+dans+l%27Empire+Romain&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-9-004-30831-2&rft.aulast=Halsberghe&rft.aufirst=Gaston+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2005" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, Bernard (2005) [2000]. <i>The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem</i> (ed. Digitally Printed First Paperback Version). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-01747-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-521-01747-3"><bdi>978-0-521-01747-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Leper+King+and+His+Heirs%3A+Baldwin+IV+and+the+Crusader+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem&rft.edition=Digitally+Printed+First+Paperback+Version&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-01747-3&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHanne2007" class="citation book cs1">Hanne, Eric J. (2007). <i>Putting the Caliph in His Place: Power, Authority, and the Late Abbasid Caliphate</i>. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-8386-4113-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-8386-4113-2"><bdi>978-0-8386-4113-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Putting+the+Caliph+in+His+Place%3A+Power%2C+Authority%2C+and+the+Late+Abbasid+Caliphate&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8386-4113-2&rft.aulast=Hanne&rft.aufirst=Eric+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2012" class="citation book cs1">Harris, William (2012). <i>Lebanon: A History, 600–2011</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-021783-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-021783-9"><bdi>978-0-19-021783-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lebanon%3A+A+History%2C+600%E2%80%932011&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-021783-9&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHartmann2001" class="citation book cs1">Hartmann, Udo (2001). <i>Das palmyrenische Teilreich</i> (dalam bahasa Jerman). Franz Steiner Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-515-07800-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-515-07800-9"><bdi>978-3-515-07800-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+palmyrenische+Teilreich&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-515-07800-9&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=Udo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHartmann2016" class="citation book cs1">Hartmann, Udo (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/26788091">"What was it Like to be a Palmyrene in the Age of Crisis? Changing Palmyrene Identities in the Third Century AD"</a>. Dalam Kropp, Andreas; Raja, Rubina (penyunting). <i>The World of Palmyra</i>. Palmyrenske Studier. <b>1</b>. The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters- Specialtrykkeriet Viborg a-s. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-8-773-04397-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-8-773-04397-4"><bdi>978-8-773-04397-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1904-5506">1904-5506</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+was+it+Like+to+be+a+Palmyrene+in+the+Age+of+Crisis%3F+Changing+Palmyrene+Identities+in+the+Third+Century+AD&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Palmyra&rft.series=Palmyrenske+Studier&rft.pub=The+Royal+Danish+Academy+of+Sciences+and+Letters-+Specialtrykkeriet+Viborg+a-s&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=1904-5506&rft.isbn=978-8-773-04397-4&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=Udo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F26788091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|editorlink2=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHawting1991" class="citation book cs1">Hawting, Gerald R. (1991). "Marwan II". Dalam Bosworth, Clifford Edmund; van Donzel, Emeri J.; Lewis, Bernard; Pellat, Charles (penyunting). <i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam (New Edition/EI-2)</i>. <b>6</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-08112-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-08112-3"><bdi>978-90-04-08112-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Marwan+II&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam+%28New+Edition%2FEI-2%29&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-90-04-08112-3&rft.aulast=Hawting&rft.aufirst=Gerald+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHealey1990" class="citation book cs1">Healey, John F. (1990). <i>The Early Alphabet</i>. Reading the Past. <b>9</b>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-520-07309-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-520-07309-8"><bdi>978-0-520-07309-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1754-7989">1754-7989</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Alphabet&rft.series=Reading+the+Past&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=1754-7989&rft.isbn=978-0-520-07309-8&rft.aulast=Healey&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHealey2009" class="citation book cs1">Healey, John F. (2009). <i>Aramaic Inscriptions and Documents of the Roman Period</i>. Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions. <b>4</b>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-925256-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-925256-5"><bdi>978-0-19-925256-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aramaic+Inscriptions+and+Documents+of+the+Roman+Period&rft.series=Textbook+of+Syrian+Semitic+Inscriptions&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-925256-5&rft.aulast=Healey&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHijmans2009" class="citation book cs1">Hijmans, Steven Ernst (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200306042109/https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/publications/pub(13007598-23b4-48c5-ad15-5c8f93127122).html"><i>Sol: The Sun in the Art and Religions of Rome</i></a>. University Library Groningen. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-9-036-73931-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-9-036-73931-3"><bdi>978-9-036-73931-3</bdi></a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rug.nl/research/portal/publications/pub(13007598-23b4-48c5-ad15-5c8f93127122).html">yang asal</a> pada 2020-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2020-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sol%3A+The+Sun+in+the+Art+and+Religions+of+Rome&rft.pub=University+Library+Groningen&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-9-036-73931-3&rft.aulast=Hijmans&rft.aufirst=Steven+Ernst&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rug.nl%2Fresearch%2Fportal%2Fpublications%2Fpub%2813007598-23b4-48c5-ad15-5c8f93127122%29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHillenbrand1999" class="citation book cs1">Hillenbrand, Robert (1999). "<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Anjar and Early Islamic Urbanism". Dalam Brogiolo, Gian Pietro; Perkins, Bryan Ward (penyunting). <i>The Idea and Ideal of the Town Between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages</i>. The Transformation of the Roman World. <b>4</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-10901-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-10901-8"><bdi>978-90-04-10901-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1386-4165">1386-4165</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Anjar+and+Early+Islamic+Urbanism&rft.btitle=The+Idea+and+Ideal+of+the+Town+Between+Late+Antiquity+and+the+Early+Middle+Ages&rft.series=The+Transformation+of+the+Roman+World&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1999&rft.issn=1386-4165&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10901-8&rft.aulast=Hillenbrand&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmann-Salz2015" class="citation book cs1">Hoffmann-Salz, Julia (2015). "The Local Economy of Palmyra: Organizing Agriculture in an Oasis Environment". Dalam Erdkamp, Paul; Verboven, Koenraad; Zuiderhoek, Arjan (penyunting). <i>Ownership and Exploitation of Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-872892-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-872892-4"><bdi>978-0-19-872892-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Local+Economy+of+Palmyra%3A+Organizing+Agriculture+in+an+Oasis+Environment&rft.btitle=Ownership+and+Exploitation+of+Land+and+Natural+Resources+in+the+Roman+World&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-872892-4&rft.aulast=Hoffmann-Salz&rft.aufirst=Julia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2013" class="citation web cs1">Holmes, Oliver (3 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-palmyra-idUSBRE9320HL20130403">"Syria's ancient oasis city of Palmyra threatened in fighting"</a>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria%27s+ancient+oasis+city+of+Palmyra+threatened+in+fighting&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2013-04-03&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-syria-crisis-palmyra-idUSBRE9320HL20130403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHolt2013" class="citation book cs1">Holt, Peter Malcolm (2013) [1986]. <i>The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 1517</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-317-87152-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-317-87152-1"><bdi>978-1-317-87152-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+the+Crusades%3A+The+Near+East+from+the+Eleventh+Century+to+1517&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-317-87152-1&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Peter+Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHolt1995" class="citation book cs1">Holt, Peter Malcolm (1995). <i>Early Mamluk Diplomacy, 1260–1290: Treaties of Baybars and Qalāwūn with Christian Rulers</i>. Islamic History and Civilization. Studies and Texts. <b>12</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-10246-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-10246-0"><bdi>978-90-04-10246-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Mamluk+Diplomacy%2C+1260%E2%80%931290%3A+Treaties+of+Baybars+and+Qal%C4%81w%C5%ABn+with+Christian+Rulers&rft.series=Islamic+History+and+Civilization.+Studies+and+Texts&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10246-0&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Peter+Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHourani1995" class="citation book cs1">Hourani, George Fadlo (1995) [1951]. Carswell, John (penyunting). <i>Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times</i>. Khayats Oriental Reprints. <b>3</b> (ed. expanded). Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-00032-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-691-00032-9"><bdi>978-0-691-00032-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arab+Seafaring+in+the+Indian+Ocean+in+Ancient+and+Early+Medieval+Times&rft.series=Khayats+Oriental+Reprints&rft.edition=expanded&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-691-00032-9&rft.aulast=Hourani&rft.aufirst=George+Fadlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHoward2012" class="citation book cs1">Howard, Michael C. (2012). <i>Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies: The Role of Cross-Border Trade and Travel</i>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7864-9033-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7864-9033-2"><bdi>978-0-7864-9033-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transnationalism+in+Ancient+and+Medieval+Societies%3A+The+Role+of+Cross-Border+Trade+and+Travel&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-9033-2&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Michael+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHoyland2001" class="citation book cs1">Hoyland, Robert G. (2001). <i>Arabia and the Arabs. From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-19535-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-415-19535-5"><bdi>978-0-415-19535-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabia+and+the+Arabs.+From+the+Bronze+Age+to+the+Coming+of+Islam&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-19535-5&rft.aulast=Hoyland&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHumphreys1977" class="citation book cs1">Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977). <i>From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193–1260</i>. State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-87395-263-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-87395-263-7"><bdi>978-0-87395-263-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Saladin+to+the+Mongols%3A+The+Ayyubids+of+Damascus%2C+1193%E2%80%931260&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-87395-263-7&rft.aulast=Humphreys&rft.aufirst=R.+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_al-ʻAdīm1988" class="citation book cs1">Ibn al-ʻAdīm, Kamāl al-Dīn ʻUmar ibn Aḥmad (1988) [1262]. Zakkār, Suhayl (penyunting). <i>Bughyat al-ṭalab fī tārīkh Ḥalab</i> (dalam bahasa Arab). <b>7</b>. Dār al-Fikr (دار الفكر). <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/30968859">30968859</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bughyat+al-%E1%B9%ADalab+f%C4%AB+t%C4%81r%C4%ABkh+%E1%B8%A4alab&rft.pub=D%C4%81r+al-Fikr+%28%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1%29&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F30968859&rft.aulast=Ibn+al-%CA%BBAd%C4%ABm&rft.aufirst=Kam%C4%81l+al-D%C4%ABn+%CA%BBUmar+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_al-Qalanisi1983" class="citation book cs1">Ibn al-Qalanisi, Abū Yaʻlā Ḥamzah ibn Asad ibn ʻAlī ibn Muḥammad al-Tamīmī (1983) [1160]. Zakkār, Suhayl (penyunting). <i>Tārīkh Dimashq</i> (dalam bahasa Arab). Dār Ḥassān. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/23834177">23834177</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=T%C4%81r%C4%ABkh+Dimashq&rft.pub=D%C4%81r+%E1%B8%A4ass%C4%81n&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23834177&rft.aulast=Ibn+al-Qalanisi&rft.aufirst=Ab%C5%AB+Ya%CA%BBl%C4%81+%E1%B8%A4amzah+ibn+Asad+ibn+%CA%BBAl%C4%AB+ibn+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+al-Tam%C4%ABm%C4%AB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Arabshah1986" class="citation book cs1">Ibn Arabshah, Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1986) [1437]. Ḥimṣī, Fāyiz (penyunting). <i>ʻAjāʼib al-maqdūr fī nawāʼib Tīmūr</i> (dalam bahasa Arab). Muʼassasat al-Risālah. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/19942469">19942469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CA%BBAj%C4%81%CA%BCib+al-maqd%C5%ABr+f%C4%AB+naw%C4%81%CA%BCib+T%C4%ABm%C5%ABr&rft.pub=Mu%CA%BCassasat+al-Ris%C4%81lah&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19942469&rft.aulast=Ibn+Arabshah&rft.aufirst=Ahmad+ibn+Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_'Asakir1995" class="citation book cs1">Ibn 'Asakir, Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Hibat Allah ibn 'Abd Allah, Thiqat al-Din, Abu al-Qasim (1995) [1174]. ʻAmrawī, ʻUmar ibn Gharāmah (penyunting). <i>Tarikh Madinat Dimashiq (تاريخ مدينة دمشق)</i> (dalam bahasa Arab). <b>57</b>. Dār al-Fikr (دار الفكر). <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/4770667638">4770667638</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tarikh+Madinat+Dimashiq+%28%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE+%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9+%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82%29&rft.pub=D%C4%81r+al-Fikr+%28%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1%29&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4770667638&rft.aulast=Ibn+%27Asakir&rft.aufirst=Ali+ibn+al-Hasan+ibn+Hibat+Allah+ibn+%27Abd+Allah%2C+Thiqat+al-Din%2C+Abu+al-Qasim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Battuta1997" class="citation book cs1">Ibn Battuta, Muhammad (1997) [1355]. Tāzī, ʻAbd al-Hādī (penyunting). <i>Riḥlat Ibn Baṭūṭah al-musammāh Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār fī gharāʼib al-amṣār wa-ʻajāʼib al-asfār</i>. Silsilat al-turāth (dalam bahasa Arab). <b>1</b>. Akādīmīyat al-Mamlakah al-Maghribīyah. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/37241892">37241892</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ri%E1%B8%A5lat+Ibn+Ba%E1%B9%AD%C5%AB%E1%B9%ADah+al-musamm%C4%81h+Tu%E1%B8%A5fat+al-nu%E1%BA%93%E1%BA%93%C4%81r+f%C4%AB+ghar%C4%81%CA%BCib+al-am%E1%B9%A3%C4%81r+wa-%CA%BBaj%C4%81%CA%BCib+al-asf%C4%81r&rft.series=Silsilat+al-tur%C4%81th&rft.pub=Ak%C4%81d%C4%ABm%C4%AByat+al-Mamlakah+al-Maghrib%C4%AByah&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37241892&rft.aulast=Ibn+Battuta&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Khaldūn1988" class="citation book cs1">Ibn Khaldūn, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān (1988) [1375]. Zakkār, Suhayl; Šaḥāda, Ḫalīl (penyunting). <i>Muqaddima (al-ʻibar wa-dīwān al-mubtadaʼ wa-al-khabar f̣ī ayyām al-ʻArab wa-al-ʻAjam ẉa-al-Barbar wa-man ʻāṣarahum min dhawī al-sulṭān al-al-akbar wa-huwa tarīkh waḥīd ʻaṣrih)</i> (dalam bahasa Arab). <b>5</b> (ed. 2). Dār al-Fikr (دار الفكر). <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/912572900">912572900</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muqaddima+%28al-%CA%BBibar+wa-d%C4%ABw%C4%81n+al-mubtada%CA%BC+wa-al-khabar+f%CC%A3%C4%AB+ayy%C4%81m+al-%CA%BBArab+wa-al-%CA%BBAjam+%E1%BA%89a-al-Barbar+wa-man+%CA%BB%C4%81%E1%B9%A3arahum+min+dhaw%C4%AB+al-sul%E1%B9%AD%C4%81n+al-al-akbar+wa-huwa+tar%C4%ABkh+wa%E1%B8%A5%C4%ABd+%CA%BBa%E1%B9%A3rih%29&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=D%C4%81r+al-Fikr+%28%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1%29&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F912572900&rft.aulast=Ibn+Khald%C5%ABn&rft.aufirst=%CA%BBAbd+al-Ra%E1%B8%A5m%C4%81n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Šaddād1732" class="citation book cs1">Ibn Šaddād, Bahā' ad-Dīn Yūsuf Ibn-Rāfiʿ (1732) [1228]. <i>Vita et res gestae sultani Almalichi Alnasiri Saladini</i> (dalam bahasa Latin). Diterjemahkan oleh Schultens, Albert. Samuel Luchtmans. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/716049041">716049041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vita+et+res+gestae+sultani+Almalichi+Alnasiri+Saladini&rft.pub=Samuel+Luchtmans&rft.date=1732&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F716049041&rft.aulast=Ibn+%C5%A0add%C4%81d&rft.aufirst=Bah%C4%81%27+ad-D%C4%ABn+Y%C5%ABsuf+Ibn-R%C4%81fi%CA%BF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFIntagliata2018" class="citation book cs1">Intagliata, Emanuele E. (2018). <i>Palmyra after Zenobia AD 273–750: An Archaeological and Historical Reappraisal</i>. Oxbow Books. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-785-70945-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-785-70945-6"><bdi>978-1-785-70945-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palmyra+after+Zenobia+AD+273%E2%80%93750%3A+An+Archaeological+and+Historical+Reappraisal&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-785-70945-6&rft.aulast=Intagliata&rft.aufirst=Emanuele+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFIrwin2003" class="citation book cs1">Irwin, Robert (2003). "Tribal Feuding and Mamluk Factions in Medieval Syria". Dalam Robinson, Chase F. (penyunting). <i>Texts, Documents, and Artefacts: Islamic Studies in Honour of D.S. Richards</i>. Islamic History and Civilization. Studies and Texts. <b>45</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-12864-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-12864-4"><bdi>978-90-04-12864-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tribal+Feuding+and+Mamluk+Factions+in+Medieval+Syria&rft.btitle=Texts%2C+Documents%2C+and+Artefacts%3A+Islamic+Studies+in+Honour+of+D.S.+Richards&rft.series=Islamic+History+and+Civilization.+Studies+and+Texts&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12864-4&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFIsmail2002" class="citation book cs1">Ismail, Farouk (2002). "Relations between Misherfeh-Qatna and the Middle Euphrates Region in the Middle Bronze Age (2000–1600 B.C.)". Dalam Maqdissi, Michel; Abdulkarim, Maamoun (penyunting). <i>The Syrian Djezireh: Cultural Heritage and Interrelations. International Colloquium: Deir ez-Zor, April 22–25, 1996</i>. Documents d'Archéologie Syrienne. <b>1</b>. Dimashq: Wizārat al-Thaqāfah, al-Mudīrīyah al-ʻĀmmah lil-Āthār wa-al-Matāḥif. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/192118525">192118525</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Relations+between+Misherfeh-Qatna+and+the+Middle+Euphrates+Region+in+the+Middle+Bronze+Age+%282000%E2%80%931600+B.C.%29&rft.btitle=The+Syrian+Djezireh%3A+Cultural+Heritage+and+Interrelations.+International+Colloquium%3A+Deir+ez-Zor%2C+April+22%E2%80%9325%2C+1996&rft.series=Documents+d%27Arch%C3%A9ologie+Syrienne&rft.pub=Dimashq%3A+Wiz%C4%81rat+al-Thaq%C4%81fah%2C+al-Mud%C4%ABr%C4%AByah+al-%CA%BB%C4%80mmah+lil-%C4%80th%C4%81r+wa-al-Mat%C4%81%E1%B8%A5if&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F192118525&rft.aulast=Ismail&rft.aufirst=Farouk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFIzumi1995" class="citation journal cs1">Izumi, Takura (1995). "The Remains of Palmyra, the City of Caravans, and an Estimation of the City's Ancient Environment". <i>Silk Roadology: Bulletin of the Research Center for Silk Roadology</i>. Research Center for Silk Roadology. <b>1</b>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/174059209">174059209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Silk+Roadology%3A+Bulletin+of+the+Research+Center+for+Silk+Roadology&rft.atitle=The+Remains+of+Palmyra%2C+the+City+of+Caravans%2C+and+an+Estimation+of+the+City%27s+Ancient+Environment&rft.volume=1&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F174059209&rft.aulast=Izumi&rft.aufirst=Takura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJeffries2015" class="citation web cs1">Jeffries, Stuart (2 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/02/isis-destruction-of-palmyra-syria-heart-been-ripped-out-of-the-city">"Isis's destruction of Palmyra: 'The heart has been ripped out of the city<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. The Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isis%27s+destruction+of+Palmyra%3A+%27The+heart+has+been+ripped+out+of+the+city%27&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft.date=2015-09-02&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fsep%2F02%2Fisis-destruction-of-palmyra-syria-heart-been-ripped-out-of-the-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJuchniewicz2013" class="citation journal cs1">Juchniewicz, Karol (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/7312508">"Late Roman fortifications in Palmyra"</a>. <i>Studia Palmyreńskie</i>. Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw. 12: Fifty Years of Polish Excavations in Palmyra 1959–2009, International Conference, Warsaw, 6–8 December 2010. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0081-6787">0081-6787</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Palmyre%C5%84skie&rft.atitle=Late+Roman+fortifications+in+Palmyra&rft.volume=12%3A+Fifty+Years+of+Polish+Excavations+in+Palmyra+1959%E2%80%932009%2C+International+Conference%2CWarsaw%2C+6%E2%80%938+December+2010&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=0081-6787&rft.aulast=Juchniewicz&rft.aufirst=Karol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F7312508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKaiser2010" class="citation news cs1">Kaiser, Tina (6 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/fernsehen/article10768775/Es-war-Nacht-und-da-waren-Schlangen.html?wtmc=plista">"Ex-RTL-Chef Thoma: "Es war Nacht, und da waren Schlangen ...<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. <i>Die Welt</i> (dalam bahasa Jerman)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Welt&rft.atitle=Ex-RTL-Chef+Thoma%3A+%22Es+war+Nacht%2C+und+da+waren+Schlangen+...%22&rft.date=2010-11-06&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.welt.de%2Ffernsehen%2Farticle10768775%2FEs-war-Nacht-und-da-waren-Schlangen.html%3Fwtmc%3Dplista&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKaizer2005" class="citation book cs1">Kaizer, Ted (2005). "Kingly Priests in the Roman Near East?". Dalam Hekster, Olivier; Fowler, Richard (penyunting). <i>Imaginary Kings: Royal Images in the Ancient Near East, Greece and Rome</i>. Oriens et Occidens. <b>11</b>. Franz Steiner Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-515-08765-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-515-08765-0"><bdi>978-3-515-08765-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kingly+Priests+in+the+Roman+Near+East%3F&rft.btitle=Imaginary+Kings%3A+Royal+Images+in+the+Ancient+Near+East%2C+Greece+and+Rome&rft.series=Oriens+et+Occidens&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3-515-08765-0&rft.aulast=Kaizer&rft.aufirst=Ted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKaizer2017" class="citation book cs1">Kaizer, Ted (2017). "Trajectories of Hellenism at Tadmor-Palmyra and Dura-Europos". Dalam Chrubasik, Boris; King, Daniel (penyunting). <i>Hellenism and the Local Communities of the Eastern Mediterranean: 400 BCE–250 CE</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-192-52819-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-192-52819-3"><bdi>978-0-192-52819-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trajectories+of+Hellenism+at+Tadmor-Palmyra+and+Dura-Europos&rft.btitle=Hellenism+and+the+Local+Communities+of+the+Eastern+Mediterranean%3A+400+BCE%E2%80%93250+CE&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-192-52819-3&rft.aulast=Kaizer&rft.aufirst=Ted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKennedyRiley2004" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, David; Riley, Derrick (2004) [1990]. <i>Rome's Desert Frontiers</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-135-78269-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-135-78269-6"><bdi>978-1-135-78269-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome%27s+Desert+Frontiers&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-135-78269-6&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Riley%2C+Derrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2006" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Hugh N. (2006). <i>The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East</i>. Variorum Collected Studies Series. <b>860</b>. Ashgate Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7546-5909-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7546-5909-9"><bdi>978-0-7546-5909-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byzantine+and+Early+Islamic+Near+East&rft.series=Variorum+Collected+Studies+Series&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-5909-9&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hugh+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKitto1837" class="citation book cs1">Kitto, John (1837). <i>The Pictorial Bible – being the Old and New Testaments according to authorized versions</i>. <b>2</b>. Charles Knight & Co. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/729755279">729755279</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pictorial+Bible+%E2%80%93+being+the+Old+and+New+Testaments+according+to+authorized+versions&rft.pub=Charles+Knight+%26+Co&rft.date=1837&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F729755279&rft.aulast=Kitto&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLamb2017" class="citation web cs1">Lamb, Franklin (31 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2017/05/31/palmyra-update-major-restorations-ready-to-launch-as-global-partners-await-security/">"Palmyra Update: Major Restorations Ready to Launch as Global Partners Await Security"</a>. CounterPunch<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palmyra+Update%3A+Major+Restorations+Ready+to+Launch+as+Global+Partners+Await+Security&rft.pub=CounterPunch&rft.date=2017-05-31&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Franklin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.counterpunch.org%2F2017%2F05%2F31%2Fpalmyra-update-major-restorations-ready-to-launch-as-global-partners-await-security%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Strange1890" class="citation book cs1">Le Strange, Guy (1890). <i>Palestine under the Moslems, a description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Translated from the works of the medieval Arab geographers</i>. Houghton, Mifflin and Co. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/5965873">5965873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+under+the+Moslems%2C+a+description+of+Syria+and+the+Holy+Land+from+A.D.+650+to+1500.+Translated+from+the+works+of+the+medieval+Arab+geographers&rft.pub=Houghton%2C+Mifflin+and+Co&rft.date=1890&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5965873&rft.aulast=Le+Strange&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLevick2007" class="citation book cs1">Levick, Barbara (2007). <i>Julia Domna: Syrian Empress</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-32351-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-32351-7"><bdi>978-1-134-32351-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Julia+Domna%3A+Syrian+Empress&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-134-32351-7&rft.aulast=Levick&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLimet1977" class="citation book cs1">Limet, Henri (1977). "Permanence et changement dans la toponymie". Dalam Fahd, Toufic (penyunting). <i>La Toponymie Antique (actes du colloque de Strasbourg, 12–14 juin 1975)</i>. Travaux du Centre de recherche sur le Proche-Orient et la Grèce antiques (dalam bahasa Perancis). <b>4</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/629792501">629792501</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Permanence+et+changement+dans+la+toponymie&rft.btitle=La+Toponymie+Antique+%28actes+du+colloque+de+Strasbourg%2C+12%E2%80%9314+juin+1975%29&rft.series=Travaux+du+Centre+de+recherche+sur+le+Proche-Orient+et+la+Gr%C3%A8ce+antiques&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F629792501&rft.aulast=Limet&rft.aufirst=Henri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLiverani2013" class="citation book cs1">Liverani, Mario (2013). <i>The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-75084-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-75084-9"><bdi>978-1-134-75084-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Near+East%3A+History%2C+Society+and+Economy&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-134-75084-9&rft.aulast=Liverani&rft.aufirst=Mario&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLoewe1923" class="citation book cs1">Loewe, Herbert Martin James (1923). "The Seljuqs". Dalam Bury, John Bagnell; Tanner, Joseph Robson; Previté-Orton, Charles William; Brooke, Zachary Nugent (penyunting). <i>The Eastern Roman Empire</i>. The Cambridge Medieval History. <b>4</b>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/650498400">650498400</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Seljuqs&rft.btitle=The+Eastern+Roman+Empire&rft.series=The+Cambridge+Medieval+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1923&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F650498400&rft.aulast=Loewe&rft.aufirst=Herbert+Martin+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLoveluck2015" class="citation web cs1">Loveluck, Louisa (16 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012121332/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11679477/Syrian-regime-launches-air-strike-on-world-famous-ancient-city-of-Palmyra.html">"Syrian regime 'launches air strike on world famous ancient city of Palmyra<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. The Telegraph. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11679477/Syrian-regime-launches-air-strike-on-world-famous-ancient-city-of-Palmyra.html">yang asal</a> pada 2017-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+regime+%27launches+air+strike+on+world+famous+ancient+city+of+Palmyra%27&rft.pub=The+Telegraph&rft.date=2015-06-16&rft.aulast=Loveluck&rft.aufirst=Louisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria%2F11679477%2FSyrian-regime-launches-air-strike-on-world-famous-ancient-city-of-Palmyra.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLuxenberg2007" class="citation book cs1">Luxenberg, Christoph (2007) [2000]. <i>The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: A Contribution to the Decoding of the Language of the Koran</i>. Verlag Hans Schiler. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-89930-088-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-89930-088-8"><bdi>978-3-89930-088-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Syro-Aramaic+Reading+of+the+Koran%3A+A+Contribution+to+the+Decoding+of+the+Language+of+the+Koran&rft.pub=Verlag+Hans+Schiler&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-89930-088-8&rft.aulast=Luxenberg&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMacDowallTaddei1978" class="citation book cs1">MacDowall, David w.; Taddei, Maurizio (1978). "The Early Historic Period: Achaemenids and Greeks". Dalam Allchin, Frank Raymond; Hammond, Norman (penyunting). <i>The Archaeology of Afghanistan from Earliest Times to the Timurid Period</i>. Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-120-50440-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-120-50440-4"><bdi>978-0-120-50440-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Early+Historic+Period%3A+Achaemenids+and+Greeks&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Afghanistan+from+Earliest+Times+to+the+Timurid+Period&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-120-50440-4&rft.aulast=MacDowall&rft.aufirst=David+w.&rft.au=Taddei%2C+Maurizio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMackay2004" class="citation book cs1">Mackay, Christopher S. (2004). <i>Ancient Rome: A Military and Political History</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-80918-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-521-80918-4"><bdi>978-0-521-80918-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Rome%3A+A+Military+and+Political+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-80918-4&rft.aulast=Mackay&rft.aufirst=Christopher+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMackay2015" class="citation web cs1">Mackay, Mairi (18 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/15/middleeast/syria-palmyra-isis/">"Palmyra: Will ISIS bulldoze ancient Syrian city?"</a>. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palmyra%3A+Will+ISIS+bulldoze+ancient+Syrian+city%3F&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2015-05-18&rft.aulast=Mackay&rft.aufirst=Mairi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2015%2F05%2F15%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria-palmyra-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMajcherek2013" class="citation journal cs1">Majcherek, Grzegorz (2013). "Excavating the basilicas". <i>Studia Palmyreńskie</i>. Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw. 12 (Fifty Years of Polish Excavations in Palmyra 1959–2009: International Conference, Warsaw, 6–8 December 2010). <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0081-6787">0081-6787</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Palmyre%C5%84skie&rft.atitle=Excavating+the+basilicas&rft.volume=12+%28Fifty+Years+of+Polish+Excavations+in+Palmyra+1959%E2%80%932009%3A+International+Conference%2C+Warsaw%2C+6%E2%80%938+December+2010%29&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=0081-6787&rft.aulast=Majcherek&rft.aufirst=Grzegorz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMajor2001" class="citation book cs1">Major, Balázs (2001). "Al-Malik Al-Mujahid, Ruler of Homs, and the Hospitallers (The Evidence in the Chronicle of Ibn Wasil)". Dalam Hunyadi, Zsolt; Laszlovszky, József (penyunting). <i>The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontiers of Medieval Latin Christianity</i>. Central European University Medievalia Series. <b>1</b>. Central European University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-963-9241-42-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-963-9241-42-8"><bdi>978-963-9241-42-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1587-6470">1587-6470</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Al-Malik+Al-Mujahid%2C+Ruler+of+Homs%2C+and+the+Hospitallers+%28The+Evidence+in+the+Chronicle+of+Ibn+Wasil%29&rft.btitle=The+Crusades+and+the+Military+Orders%3A+Expanding+the+Frontiers+of+Medieval+Latin+Christianity&rft.series=Central+European+University+Medievalia+Series&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=1587-6470&rft.isbn=978-963-9241-42-8&rft.aulast=Major&rft.aufirst=Bal%C3%A1zs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMakieh2015" class="citation web cs1">Makieh, Kinda (4 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-palmyra-idUKKCN0RY0YN20151004">"Islamic State militants blow up ancient Arch of Triumph in Palmyra"</a>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islamic+State+militants+blow+up+ancient+Arch+of+Triumph+in+Palmyra&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2015-10-04&rft.aulast=Makieh&rft.aufirst=Kinda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-palmyra-idUKKCN0RY0YN20151004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMakieh2016" class="citation web cs1">Makieh, Kinda (2 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-palmyra-idUSKCN0WX1Z3">"Palmyra's dynamited temple can be restored, de-miners use robots"</a>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palmyra%27s+dynamited+temple+can+be+restored%2C+de-miners+use+robots&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2016-04-02&rft.aulast=Makieh&rft.aufirst=Kinda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-palmyra-idUSKCN0WX1Z3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMakiehFrancis2017" class="citation web cs1">Makieh, Kinda; Francis, Ellen (3 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-palmyra-idUSKBN16A1L2">"Less damage to ancient Palmyra than feared, Syrian antiquities chief says"</a>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Less+damage+to+ancient+Palmyra+than+feared%2C+Syrian+antiquities+chief+says&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2017-03-03&rft.aulast=Makieh&rft.aufirst=Kinda&rft.au=Francis%2C+Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-palmyra-idUSKBN16A1L2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMakiehPerryMerriman2017" class="citation web cs1">Makieh, Kinda; Perry, Tom; Merriman, Jane (1 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-statue/palmyra-statue-damaged-by-islamic-state-goes-on-display-in-damascus-idUKKCN1C61FA">"Palmyra statue damaged by Islamic State goes on display in Damascus"</a>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palmyra+statue+damaged+by+Islamic+State+goes+on+display+in+Damascus&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft.aulast=Makieh&rft.aufirst=Kinda&rft.au=Perry%2C+Tom&rft.au=Merriman%2C+Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-statue%2Fpalmyra-statue-damaged-by-islamic-state-goes-on-display-in-damascus-idUKKCN1C61FA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMaqdisi2017" class="citation web cs1">Maqdisi, Firas (5 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-palmyra-idUSKBN16B0Q2">"Expert says Islamic State has badly damaged major Palmyra monument"</a>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Expert+says+Islamic+State+has+badly+damaged+major+Palmyra+monument&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2017-03-05&rft.aulast=Maqdisi&rft.aufirst=Firas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-palmyra-idUSKBN16B0Q2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMarkowski2005" class="citation journal cs1">Markowski, Bartosz (2005). Gawlikowski, Michał; Daszewski, Wiktor A. (penyunting). "The Lion of Allat in Palmyra New Museum Display Project". <i>Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean</i>. Warsaw University Press. <b>16</b>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1234-5415">1234-5415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polish+Archaeology+in+the+Mediterranean&rft.atitle=The+Lion+of+Allat+in+Palmyra+New+Museum+Display+Project&rft.volume=16&rft.date=2005&rft.issn=1234-5415&rft.aulast=Markowski&rft.aufirst=Bartosz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMatthiae2017" class="citation web cs1">Matthiae, Paolo (30 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ansamed.info/ansamed/en/news/sections/culture/2017/06/28/archeaologist-says-70-of-palmyra-can-be-rebuilt_1003e771-b64b-4c8e-83b8-0a4aa7f362b5.html">"Archeaologist says '70% of Palmyra can be rebuilt<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata (ANSA)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archeaologist+says+%2770%25+of+Palmyra+can+be+rebuilt%27&rft.pub=Agenzia+Nazionale+Stampa+Associata+%28ANSA%29&rft.date=2017-06-30&rft.aulast=Matthiae&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ansamed.info%2Fansamed%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fsections%2Fculture%2F2017%2F06%2F28%2Farcheaologist-says-70-of-palmyra-can-be-rebuilt_1003e771-b64b-4c8e-83b8-0a4aa7f362b5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMcGirk2015" class="citation web cs1">McGirk, Tim (10 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/07/150710-palmyra-syria-isis-looting-museum-archaeology/">"Syrians Race to Save Ancient City's Treasures from ISIS"</a>. National Geographic News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrians+Race+to+Save+Ancient+City%27s+Treasures+from+ISIS&rft.pub=National+Geographic+News&rft.date=2015-07-10&rft.aulast=McGirk&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2F2015%2F07%2F150710-palmyra-syria-isis-looting-museum-archaeology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2010" class="citation book cs1">McLaughlin, Raoul (2010). <i>Rome and the Distant East: Trade Routes to the ancient lands of Arabia, India and China</i>. Continuum International Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4411-6223-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4411-6223-6"><bdi>978-1-4411-6223-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome+and+the+Distant+East%3A+Trade+Routes+to+the+ancient+lands+of+Arabia%2C+India+and+China&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-6223-6&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Raoul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMeier1990" class="citation book cs1">Meier, Christian (1990) [1980]. <i>The Greek Discovery of Politics</i>. Diterjemahkan oleh McLintock, David. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-674-36232-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-674-36232-1"><bdi>978-0-674-36232-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Discovery+of+Politics&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-674-36232-1&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMennen2011" class="citation book cs1">Mennen, Inge (2011). <i>Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193–284</i>. Impact of Empire. <b>12</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-20359-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-20359-4"><bdi>978-90-04-20359-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+and+Status+in+the+Roman+Empire%2C+AD+193%E2%80%93284&rft.series=Impact+of+Empire&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-04-20359-4&rft.aulast=Mennen&rft.aufirst=Inge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMétral2000" class="citation book cs1">Métral, Francoise (2000). "Managing Risk: Sheep-Rearing and Agriculture in the Syrian Steppe". Dalam Mundy, Martha; Musallam, Basim (penyunting). <i>The Transformation of Nomadic Society in the Arab East</i>. University of Cambridge Oriental Publications. <b>58</b>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-77057-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-521-77057-6"><bdi>978-0-521-77057-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0068-6891">0068-6891</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Managing+Risk%3A+Sheep-Rearing+and+Agriculture+in+the+Syrian+Steppe&rft.btitle=The+Transformation+of+Nomadic+Society+in+the+Arab+East&rft.series=University+of+Cambridge+Oriental+Publications&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.issn=0068-6891&rft.isbn=978-0-521-77057-6&rft.aulast=M%C3%A9tral&rft.aufirst=Francoise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2013" class="citation journal cs1">Meyer, Jørgen Christian (2013). "City and Hinterland. Villages and Estates North of Palmyra. New Perspectives". <i>Studia Palmyreńskie</i>. Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw. <b>12</b>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0081-6787">0081-6787</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Palmyre%C5%84skie&rft.atitle=City+and+Hinterland.+Villages+and+Estates+North+of+Palmyra.+New+Perspectives&rft.volume=12&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=0081-6787&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B8rgen+Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2017a" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, Jørgen Christian (2017a). <i>Palmyrena: Palmyra and the Surrounding Territory from the Roman to the Early Islamic Period</i>. Archaeopress Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-784-91708-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-784-91708-1"><bdi>978-1-784-91708-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palmyrena%3A+Palmyra+and+the+Surrounding+Territory+from+the+Roman+to+the+Early+Islamic+Period&rft.pub=Archaeopress+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-784-91708-1&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B8rgen+Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2017b" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, Jørgen Christian (2017b). "The Bride of the Dry Steppe: Palmyra and the Surrounding Territory". Dalam Aruz, Joan (penyunting). <i>Palmyra: Mirage in the Desert</i>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-588-39631-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-588-39631-0"><bdi>978-1-588-39631-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Bride+of+the+Dry+Steppe%3A+Palmyra+and+the+Surrounding+Territory&rft.btitle=Palmyra%3A+Mirage+in+the+Desert&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-588-39631-0&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B8rgen+Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMichalska2016" class="citation web cs1">Michalska, Julia (21 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220201614/http://theartnewspaper.com/news/conservation/the-man-who-spent-40-years-preserving-palmyra-s-past/">"The man who spent 40 years preserving Palmyra's past"</a>. The Art Newspaper. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theartnewspaper.com/news/conservation/the-man-who-spent-40-years-preserving-palmyra-s-past/">yang asal</a> pada 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+man+who+spent+40+years+preserving+Palmyra%27s+past&rft.pub=The+Art+Newspaper&rft.date=2016-10-21&rft.aulast=Michalska&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheartnewspaper.com%2Fnews%2Fconservation%2Fthe-man-who-spent-40-years-preserving-palmyra-s-past%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMillar1993" class="citation book cs1">Millar, Fergus (1993). <i>The Roman Near East, 31 B.C.–A.D. 337</i>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-674-77886-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-674-77886-3"><bdi>978-0-674-77886-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Near+East%2C+31+B.C.%E2%80%93A.D.+337&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-674-77886-3&rft.aulast=Millar&rft.aufirst=Fergus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMillar2006" class="citation book cs1">Millar, Fergus (2006). Cotton, Hannah M.; Rogers, Guy M. (penyunting). <i>The Greek World, the Jews & the East</i>. Rome, the Greek World, and the East. <b>3</b>. University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-807-87665-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-807-87665-7"><bdi>978-0-807-87665-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+World%2C+the+Jews+%26+the+East&rft.series=Rome%2C+the+Greek+World%2C+and+the+East&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-807-87665-7&rft.aulast=Millar&rft.aufirst=Fergus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMillar2007" class="citation book cs1">Millar, Fergus (2007). "Theodoret of Cyrrhus: A Syrian in Greek Dress?". Dalam Amirav, Hagit; ter Haar Romeny, Bas (penyunting). <i>From Rome to Constantinople: Studies in Honour of Averil Cameron</i>. Late Antique History and Religion. <b>1</b>. Peeters Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-429-1971-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-429-1971-6"><bdi>978-90-429-1971-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2030-5915">2030-5915</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theodoret+of+Cyrrhus%3A+A+Syrian+in+Greek+Dress%3F&rft.btitle=From+Rome+to+Constantinople%3A+Studies+in+Honour+of+Averil+Cameron&rft.series=Late+Antique+History+and+Religion&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=2030-5915&rft.isbn=978-90-429-1971-6&rft.aulast=Millar&rft.aufirst=Fergus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMoubayed2012" class="citation book cs1">Moubayed, Sami (2012). <i>Syria and the USA: Washington's Relations with Damascus from Wilson to Eisenhower</i>. Library of International Relations. <b>56</b>. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-780-76768-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-780-76768-0"><bdi>978-1-780-76768-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria+and+the+USA%3A+Washington%27s+Relations+with+Damascus+from+Wilson+to+Eisenhower&rft.series=Library+of+International+Relations&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-780-76768-0&rft.aulast=Moubayed&rft.aufirst=Sami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee2000" class="citation book cs1">Mukherjee, Bratindra Nath (2000) [1984]. <i>Studies in Aramaic Edicts of Aśoka</i> (ed. 2). Kolkata: Indian Museum. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/62327000">62327000</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Aramaic+Edicts+of+A%C5%9Boka&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Kolkata%3A+Indian+Museum&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62327000&rft.aulast=Mukherjee&rft.aufirst=Bratindra+Nath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMurtonen1986" class="citation book cs1">Murtonen, Aimo Edvard (1986). Hospers, Johannes Hendrik (penyunting). <i>Hebrew in its West Semitic Setting. A Comparative Survey of Non-Masoretic Hebrew Dialects and Traditions. Part 1. A Comparative Lexicon</i>. Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics. <b>13</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-08899-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-08899-3"><bdi>978-90-04-08899-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hebrew+in+its+West+Semitic+Setting.+A+Comparative+Survey+of+Non-Masoretic+Hebrew+Dialects+and+Traditions.+Part+1.+A+Comparative+Lexicon&rft.series=Studies+in+Semitic+Languages+and+Linguistics&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-90-04-08899-3&rft.aulast=Murtonen&rft.aufirst=Aimo+Edvard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFNeep2012" class="citation book cs1">Neep, Daniel (2012). <i>Occupying Syria Under the French Mandate: Insurgency, Space and State Formation</i>. Cambridge Middle East Studies. <b>38</b>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-107-00006-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-107-00006-3"><bdi>978-1-107-00006-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Occupying+Syria+Under+the+French+Mandate%3A+Insurgency%2C+Space+and+State+Formation&rft.series=Cambridge+Middle+East+Studies&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-107-00006-3&rft.aulast=Neep&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor1988" class="citation book cs1">O'Connor, Michael Patrick (1988). "The etymologies of Tadmor and Palmyra". Dalam Arbeitman, Yoël L. (penyunting). <i>A Linguistic Happening in Memory of Ben Schwartz: Studies in Anatolian, Italic, and Other Indo-European Languages</i>. Bibliothèque des Cahiers de l'Institut de linguistique de Louvain (BCILL). <b>42</b>. Peeters Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-6831-143-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-6831-143-3"><bdi>978-90-6831-143-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0779-1666">0779-1666</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+etymologies+of+Tadmor+and+Palmyra&rft.btitle=A+Linguistic+Happening+in+Memory+of+Ben+Schwartz%3A+Studies+in+Anatolian%2C+Italic%2C+and+Other+Indo-European+Languages&rft.series=Biblioth%C3%A8que+des+Cahiers+de+l%27Institut+de+linguistique+de+Louvain+%28BCILL%29&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=1988&rft.issn=0779-1666&rft.isbn=978-90-6831-143-3&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Michael+Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor2015" class="citation web cs1">O'Connor, Roisin (30 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-in-syria-militants-severely-damage-ancient-bel-temple-in-palmyra-using-explosives-10479158.html">"Isis in Syria: Militants 'severely damage' ancient Bel Temple in Palmyra using explosives"</a>. The Independent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isis+in+Syria%3A+Militants+%27severely+damage%27+ancient+Bel+Temple+in+Palmyra+using+explosives&rft.pub=The+Independent&rft.date=2015-08-30&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Roisin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisis-in-syria-militants-severely-damage-ancient-bel-temple-in-palmyra-using-explosives-10479158.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPeters1910" class="citation book cs1">Peters, John Punnett (1910). "Deir". <i>The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information</i>. <b>7</b> (ed. 11). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/630332011">630332011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Deir&rft.btitle=The+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%3A+A+Dictionary+of+Arts%2C+Sciences%2C+Literature+and+General+Information&rft.edition=11&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1910&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F630332011&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=John+Punnett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPetersen1996" class="citation book cs1">Petersen, Andrew (1996). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Pendaftaran percuma diperlukan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofisla00andr"><i>Dictionary of Islamic Architecture</i></a></span>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-61365-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-61365-6"><bdi>978-1-134-61365-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Islamic+Architecture&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-134-61365-6&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofisla00andr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPlets2017" class="citation journal cs1">Plets, Gertjan (2017). "Violins and Trowels for Palmyra: Post-Conflict Heritage Politics". <i>Anthropology Today</i>. Royal Anthropological Institute. <b>33</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1467-8322">1467-8322</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropology+Today&rft.atitle=Violins+and+Trowels+for+Palmyra%3A+Post-Conflict+Heritage+Politics&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=1467-8322&rft.aulast=Plets&rft.aufirst=Gertjan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPollard2000" class="citation book cs1">Pollard, Nigel (2000). <i>Soldiers, Cities, and Civilians in Roman Syria</i>. University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-472-11155-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-472-11155-8"><bdi>978-0-472-11155-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soldiers%2C+Cities%2C+and+Civilians+in+Roman+Syria&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-472-11155-8&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2010" class="citation book cs1">Potter, David S. (2010). "The Transformation of the Empire: 235–337 CE". Dalam Potter, David S. (penyunting). <i>A Companion to the Roman Empire</i>. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. <b>32</b>. Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4051-9918-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4051-9918-6"><bdi>978-1-4051-9918-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Transformation+of+the+Empire%3A+235%E2%80%93337+CE&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Roman+Empire&rft.series=Blackwell+Companions+to+the+Ancient+World&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-9918-6&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPurcell1997" class="citation book cs1">Purcell, Nicholas (1997). "Rome's New Kings (31 BC – AD 476)". Dalam Jones, Peter V.; Sidwell, Keith C. (penyunting). <i>The World of Rome: An Introduction to Roman Culture</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-38600-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-521-38600-5"><bdi>978-0-521-38600-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rome%27s+New+Kings+%2831+BC+%E2%80%93+AD+476%29&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Rome%3A+An+Introduction+to+Roman+Culture&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-521-38600-5&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFQaddūrī2000" class="citation book cs1">Qaddūrī, Zubayr Sulṭān (2000). <i>al-Thawrah al-mansīyah</i> (dalam bahasa Arab). Ittiḥād al-Kuttāb al-ʻArab. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/45642553">45642553</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=al-Thawrah+al-mans%C4%AByah&rft.pub=Itti%E1%B8%A5%C4%81d+al-Kutt%C4%81b+al-%CA%BBArab&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45642553&rft.aulast=Qadd%C5%ABr%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Zubayr+Sul%E1%B9%AD%C4%81n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFQassim2015" class="citation web cs1">Qassim, Abdul-Zahra (24 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220094236/http://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/destruction-ancient-syrian-temple-erases-rich-history">"IS destruction of ancient Syrian temple erases rich history"</a>. CNS News. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/destruction-ancient-syrian-temple-erases-rich-history">yang asal</a> pada 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IS+destruction+of+ancient+Syrian+temple+erases+rich+history&rft.pub=CNS+News&rft.date=2015-08-24&rft.aulast=Qassim&rft.aufirst=Abdul-Zahra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnsnews.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fdestruction-ancient-syrian-temple-erases-rich-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFQīṭāz2007" class="citation book cs1">Qīṭāz, ʻAdnān (2007). "Muhana Family". Dalam Shukrī, Muḥammad ʻAzīz (penyunting). <i>al-Mawsūʻah al-ʻArabīyah</i> (dalam bahasa Arab). <b>19</b>. al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah al-Sūrīyah, Riʼāsat al-Jumhūrīyah, Hayʼat al-Mawsūʻah al-ʻArabīyah. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/46672427">46672427</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Muhana+Family&rft.btitle=al-Maws%C5%AB%CA%BBah+al-%CA%BBArab%C4%AByah&rft.pub=al-Jumh%C5%ABr%C4%AByah+al-%CA%BBArab%C4%AByah+al-S%C5%ABr%C4%AByah%2C+Ri%CA%BC%C4%81sat+al-Jumh%C5%ABr%C4%AByah%2C+Hay%CA%BCat+al-Maws%C5%AB%CA%BBah+al-%CA%BBArab%C4%AByah&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46672427&rft.aulast=Q%C4%AB%E1%B9%AD%C4%81z&rft.aufirst=%CA%BBAdn%C4%81n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRaja2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubina_Raja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubina Raja (laman tidak wujud)">Raja, Rubina</a> (2012). <i>Urban Development and Regional Identity in the Eastern Roman Provinces, 50 BC-AD 250: Aphrodisias, Ephesos, Athens, Gerasa</i>. Museum Tusculanum Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-87-635-2606-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-87-635-2606-7"><bdi>978-87-635-2606-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+Development+and+Regional+Identity+in+the+Eastern+Roman+Provinces%2C+50+BC-AD+250%3A+Aphrodisias%2C+Ephesos%2C+Athens%2C+Gerasa&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-87-635-2606-7&rft.aulast=Raja&rft.aufirst=Rubina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRaschke1978" class="citation book cs1">Raschke, Manfred G. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aufstiegundniede0000unse">"New Studies in Roman Commerce with the East"</a>. Dalam Temporini, Hildegard; Wolfgang, Haase (penyunting). <i>Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung, II Principat</i>. Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt (ANRW). <b>9</b>. De Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-11-001885-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-11-001885-1"><bdi>978-3-11-001885-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+Studies+in+Roman+Commerce+with+the+East&rft.btitle=Geschichte+und+Kultur+Roms+im+Spiegel+der+neueren+Forschung%2C+II+Principat&rft.series=Aufstieg+und+Niedergang+der+r%C3%B6mischen+Welt+%28ANRW%29&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-3-11-001885-1&rft.aulast=Raschke&rft.aufirst=Manfred+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faufstiegundniede0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRicca2007" class="citation book cs1">Ricca, Simone (2007). "Palmyra". Dalam Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E. (penyunting). <i>Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-57607-919-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-57607-919-5"><bdi>978-1-57607-919-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Palmyra&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-919-5&rft.aulast=Ricca&rft.aufirst=Simone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2002" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Peter (2002). <i>City and Sanctuary: Religion and Architecture in the Roman Near East</i>. SCM Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-334-02884-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-334-02884-0"><bdi>978-0-334-02884-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=City+and+Sanctuary%3A+Religion+and+Architecture+in+the+Roman+Near+East&rft.pub=SCM+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-334-02884-0&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1946" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, David M (1946). <i>Baalbek, Palmyra</i>. J.J. Augustin. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/426276">426276</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baalbek%2C+Palmyra&rft.pub=J.J.+Augustin&rft.date=1946&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F426276&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=David+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRomano2006" class="citation book cs1">Romano, Irene Bald (2006). <i>Classical Sculpture: Catalogue of the Cypriot, Greek, and Roman Stone Sculpture in the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology</i>. University Museum Monograph. <b>125</b>. University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-934536-29-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-934536-29-2"><bdi>978-1-934536-29-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Sculpture%3A+Catalogue+of+the+Cypriot%2C+Greek%2C+and+Roman+Stone+Sculpture+in+the+University+of+Pennsylvania+Museum+of+Archaeology+and+Anthropology&rft.series=University+Museum+Monograph&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-934536-29-2&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=Irene+Bald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRosenthal1978" class="citation journal cs1">Rosenthal, Franz (1978). "The Second Laghmân Inscription". <i>Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies</i>. Israel Exploration Society. 14: H.L. Ginsberg Volume. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0071-108X">0071-108X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eretz-Israel%3A+Archaeological%2C+Historical+and+Geographical+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Second+Laghm%C3%A2n+Inscription&rft.volume=14%3A+H.L.+Ginsberg+Volume&rft.date=1978&rft.issn=0071-108X&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=Franz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRostovtzeff.1932" class="citation journal cs1">Rostovtzeff., Michael Ivanovitch (1932). Harmon, Austin M. (penyunting). "Seleucid Babylonia : Bullae and Seals of Clay with Greek Inscriptions". <i>Yale Classical Studies</i>. Yale University Press. <b>3</b>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0084-330X">0084-330X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+Classical+Studies&rft.atitle=Seleucid+Babylonia+%3A+Bullae+and+Seals+of+Clay+with+Greek+Inscriptions&rft.volume=3&rft.date=1932&rft.issn=0084-330X&rft.aulast=Rostovtzeff.&rft.aufirst=Michael+Ivanovitch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRostovtzeff1971" class="citation book cs1">Rostovtzeff, Michael Ivanovitch (1971) [1932]. <i>Out of the Past of Greece & Rome</i>. Biblo and Tannen's Graeco Life and Times Series. <b>6</b>. Biblo & Tannen Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-8196-0126-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-8196-0126-1"><bdi>978-0-8196-0126-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Out+of+the+Past+of+Greece+%26+Rome&rft.series=Biblo+and+Tannen%27s+Graeco+Life+and+Times+Series&rft.pub=Biblo+%26+Tannen+Publishers&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-8196-0126-1&rft.aulast=Rostovtzeff&rft.aufirst=Michael+Ivanovitch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRostovtzeff1932" class="citation book cs1">Rostovtzeff, Michael Ivanovitch (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.19340"><i>Caravan Cities</i></a>. Diterjemahkan oleh Rice, David Talbot; Rice, Tamara Talbot. The Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/2153578">2153578</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caravan+Cities&rft.pub=The+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2153578&rft.aulast=Rostovtzeff&rft.aufirst=Michael+Ivanovitch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.gov.ignca.19340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSader2014" class="citation book cs1">Sader, Hélène (2014). "History". Dalam van Soldt, Wilfred; Beckman, Gary; Leitz, Christian; Michalowski, Piotr; Miglus, Peter A.; Gzella, Holger (penyunting). <i>The Aramaeans in Ancient Syria</i>. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East. <b>106</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-9-004-22845-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-9-004-22845-0"><bdi>978-9-004-22845-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0169-9423">0169-9423</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History&rft.btitle=The+Aramaeans+in+Ancient+Syria&rft.series=Handbook+of+Oriental+Studies.+Section+1+The+Near+and+Middle+East&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=0169-9423&rft.isbn=978-9-004-22845-0&rft.aulast=Sader&rft.aufirst=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSartre2005" class="citation book cs1">Sartre, Maurice (2005). "The Arabs and the Desert Peoples". Dalam Bowman, Alan K.; Garnsey, Peter; Cameron, Averil (penyunting). <i>The Crisis of Empire, AD 193–337</i>. The Cambridge Ancient History. <b>12</b>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-30199-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-521-30199-2"><bdi>978-0-521-30199-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Arabs+and+the+Desert+Peoples&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+of+Empire%2C+AD+193%E2%80%93337&rft.series=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-30199-2&rft.aulast=Sartre&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSaul2015" class="citation web cs1">Saul, Heather (28 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170304195841/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/10281695.html">"Isis in Palmyra: Civilians forced to watch execution of 20 men at amphitheatre"</a>. The Independent. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/10281695.html">yang asal</a> pada 2017-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isis+in+Palmyra%3A+Civilians+forced+to+watch+execution+of+20+men+at+amphitheatre&rft.pub=The+Independent&rft.date=2015-05-28&rft.aulast=Saul&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2F10281695.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSchlumberger1939" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Schlumberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Schlumberger (laman tidak wujud)">Schlumberger, Daniel</a> (1939). "Bornes frontières de la Palmyrène". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syria (journal) (laman tidak wujud)">Syria</a></i> (dalam bahasa Perancis). l'Institut Français du Proche-Orient. <b>20</b> (1): 43–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fsyria.1939.4166">10.3406/syria.1939.4166</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0039-7946">0039-7946</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Syria&rft.atitle=Bornes+fronti%C3%A8res+de+la+Palmyr%C3%A8ne&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=43-73&rft.date=1939&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fsyria.1939.4166&rft.issn=0039-7946&rft.aulast=Schlumberger&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Free_access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Free access (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Free access</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt-Colinet1997" class="citation book cs1">Schmidt-Colinet, Andreas (1997). "Aspects of 'Romanization': The Tomb Architecture at Palmyra and Its Decoration". Dalam Alcock, Susan E. (penyunting). <i>The Early Roman Empire in the East</i>. Oxbow Monographs in Archaeology. <b>95</b>. Oxbow Books. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-900188-52-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-900188-52-4"><bdi>978-1-900188-52-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aspects+of+%27Romanization%27%3A+The+Tomb+Architecture+at+Palmyra+and+Its+Decoration&rft.btitle=The+Early+Roman+Empire+in+the+East&rft.series=Oxbow+Monographs+in+Archaeology&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-900188-52-4&rft.aulast=Schmidt-Colinet&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt1976" class="citation book cs1">Schmidt, Margaret Fox (1976). <i>Passion's child: The Extraordinary Life of Jane Digby</i>. Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1020238678">1020238678</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Passion%27s+child%3A+The+Extraordinary+Life+of+Jane+Digby&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1020238678&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Margaret+Fox&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSeyrig1939" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Seyrig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Seyrig (laman tidak wujud)">Seyrig, Henri</a> (1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/syria_0039-7946_1939_num_20_4_4156">"Antiquités Syriennes 29: A propos du culte de Zeus à Séleucie"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syria (journal) (laman tidak wujud)">Syria</a></i> (dalam bahasa Perancis). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_fran%C3%A7ais_du_Proche-Orient&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut français du Proche-Orient (laman tidak wujud)">Institut français du Proche-Orient</a>. <b>20</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0039-7946">0039-7946</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Syria&rft.atitle=Antiquit%C3%A9s+Syriennes+29%3A+A+propos+du+culte+de+Zeus+%C3%A0+S%C3%A9leucie&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1939&rft.issn=0039-7946&rft.aulast=Seyrig&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fsyria_0039-7946_1939_num_20_4_4156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Free_access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Free access (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Free access</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSeyrig1959" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Seyrig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Seyrig (laman tidak wujud)">Seyrig, Henri</a> (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/syria_0039-7946_1959_num_36_3_5394">"Antiquités Syriennes 76: Caractères de l'histoire d'Émèse"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syria (journal) (laman tidak wujud)">Syria</a></i> (dalam bahasa Perancis). l'Institut Français du Proche-Orient. <b>36</b> (3–4). <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0039-7946">0039-7946</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Syria&rft.atitle=Antiquit%C3%A9s+Syriennes+76%3A+Caract%C3%A8res+de+l%27histoire+d%27%C3%89m%C3%A8se&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.date=1959&rft.issn=0039-7946&rft.aulast=Seyrig&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fsyria_0039-7946_1959_num_36_3_5394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Free_access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Free access (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Free access</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFShaheenSwannLevett2015" class="citation web cs1">Shaheen, Kareem; Swann, Glenn; Levett, Cath (5 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/ng-interactive/2015/oct/05/palmyra-what-the-world-has-lost">"Palmyra – what the world has lost"</a>. The Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palmyra+%E2%80%93+what+the+world+has+lost&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft.date=2015-10-05&rft.aulast=Shaheen&rft.aufirst=Kareem&rft.au=Swann%2C+Glenn&rft.au=Levett%2C+Cath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2Fng-interactive%2F2015%2Foct%2F05%2Fpalmyra-what-the-world-has-lost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFShaheen2015" class="citation web cs1">Shaheen, Kareem (21 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/20/syrian-city-of-palmyra-falls-under-control-of-isis">"Palmyra: historic Syrian city falls under control of Isis"</a>. The Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palmyra%3A+historic+Syrian+city+falls+under+control+of+Isis&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft.date=2015-05-21&rft.aulast=Shaheen&rft.aufirst=Kareem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fmay%2F20%2Fsyrian-city-of-palmyra-falls-under-control-of-isis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFShaheen2017" class="citation web cs1">Shaheen, Kareem (20 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/20/isis-destroys-tetrapylon-monument-palmyra-syria">"Isis destroys tetrapylon monument in Palmyra"</a>. The Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isis+destroys+tetrapylon+monument+in+Palmyra&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft.date=2017-01-20&rft.aulast=Shaheen&rft.aufirst=Kareem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fjan%2F20%2Fisis-destroys-tetrapylon-monument-palmyra-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFShahîd1984" class="citation book cs1">Shahîd, Irfan (1984). <i>Rome and the Arabs: A Prolegomenon to the Study of Byzantium and the Arabs</i>. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-88402-115-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-88402-115-5"><bdi>978-0-88402-115-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome+and+the+Arabs%3A+A+Prolegomenon+to+the+Study+of+Byzantium+and+the+Arabs&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Research+Library+and+Collection&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-88402-115-5&rft.aulast=Shah%C3%AEd&rft.aufirst=Irfan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFShahîd1995" class="citation book cs1">Shahîd, Irfan (1995). <i>Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century (Part1: Political and Military History)</i>. <b>1</b>. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-88402-214-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-88402-214-5"><bdi>978-0-88402-214-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Arabs+in+the+Sixth+Century+%28Part1%3A+Political+and+Military+History%29&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Research+Library+and+Collection&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-88402-214-5&rft.aulast=Shah%C3%AEd&rft.aufirst=Irfan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFShahîd2002" class="citation book cs1">Shahîd, Irfan (2002). <i>Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century (Part1: Toponymy, Monuments, Historical Geography, and Frontier Studies)</i>. <b>2</b>. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-88402-284-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-88402-284-8"><bdi>978-0-88402-284-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Arabs+in+the+Sixth+Century+%28Part1%3A+Toponymy%2C+Monuments%2C+Historical+Geography%2C+and+Frontier+Studies%29&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Research+Library+and+Collection&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-88402-284-8&rft.aulast=Shah%C3%AEd&rft.aufirst=Irfan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSidebothamHenseNouwens2008" class="citation book cs1">Sidebotham, Steven E.; Hense, Martin; Nouwens, Hendrikje M. (2008). <i>The Red Land: The Illustrated Archaeology of Egypt's Eastern Desert</i>. American University in Cairo Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-977-416-094-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-977-416-094-3"><bdi>978-977-416-094-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Red+Land%3A+The+Illustrated+Archaeology+of+Egypt%27s+Eastern+Desert&rft.pub=American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-416-094-3&rft.aulast=Sidebotham&rft.aufirst=Steven+E.&rft.au=Hense%2C+Martin&rft.au=Nouwens%2C+Hendrikje+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSivertsev2002" class="citation book cs1">Sivertsev, Alexei (2002). <i>Private Households and Public Politics in 3rd–5th Century Jewish Palestine</i>. Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum. <b>90</b>. Mohr Siebeck. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-16-147780-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-16-147780-5"><bdi>978-3-16-147780-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0721-8753">0721-8753</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Private+Households+and+Public+Politics+in+3rd%E2%80%935th+Century+Jewish+Palestine&rft.series=Texte+und+Studien+zum+antiken+Judentum&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2002&rft.issn=0721-8753&rft.isbn=978-3-16-147780-5&rft.aulast=Sivertsev&rft.aufirst=Alexei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1956" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Sidney (1956). "Ursu and Ḫaššum". <i>Anatolian Studies</i>. Cambridge University Press on Behalf of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara. <b>6</b>: 35–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3642395">10.2307/3642395</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0066-1546">0066-1546</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3642395">3642395</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anatolian+Studies&rft.atitle=Ursu+and+%E1%B8%AAa%C5%A1%C5%A1um&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=35-43&rft.date=1956&rft.issn=0066-1546&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3642395%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3642395&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Sidney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSmith_II2013" class="citation book cs1">Smith II, Andrew M. (2013). <i>Roman Palmyra: Identity, Community, and State Formation</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-986110-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-986110-1"><bdi>978-0-19-986110-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Palmyra%3A+Identity%2C+Community%2C+and+State+Formation&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-986110-1&rft.aulast=Smith+II&rft.aufirst=Andrew+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSouthern2008" class="citation book cs1">Southern, Patricia (2008). <i>Empress Zenobia: Palmyra's Rebel Queen</i>. Continuum International Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4411-4248-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4411-4248-1"><bdi>978-1-4411-4248-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empress+Zenobia%3A+Palmyra%27s+Rebel+Queen&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-4248-1&rft.aulast=Southern&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSpeake1996" class="citation book cs1">Speake, Graham (1996). "Palmyra (Homs, Syria)". Dalam Berney, Kathryn Ann; Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle (penyunting). <i>International Dictionary of Historic Places</i>. 4 (Middle East and Africe). Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-884964-03-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-884964-03-9"><bdi>978-1-884964-03-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Palmyra+%28Homs%2C+Syria%29&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-03-9&rft.aulast=Speake&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSquires2017" class="citation news cs1">Squires, Nick (16 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/16/stone-sculptures-smashed-isil-ancient-city-palmyra-restored/">"Stone Sculptures Smashed by ISIL in Ancient City of Palmyra Restored to Former Glory by Italian Experts"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Stone+Sculptures+Smashed+by+ISIL+in+Ancient+City+of+Palmyra+Restored+to+Former+Glory+by+Italian+Experts&rft.date=2017-02-16&rft.aulast=Squires&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2017%2F02%2F16%2Fstone-sculptures-smashed-isil-ancient-city-palmyra-restored%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFStoneman1994" class="citation book cs1">Stoneman, Richard (1994) [1992]. <i>Palmyra and Its Empire: Zenobia's Revolt Against Rome</i>. University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-472-08315-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-472-08315-2"><bdi>978-0-472-08315-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palmyra+and+Its+Empire%3A+Zenobia%27s+Revolt+Against+Rome&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-472-08315-2&rft.aulast=Stoneman&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFStrong1995" class="citation book cs1">Strong, Donald Emrys (1995) [1976]. Toynbee, Jocelyn Mary Catherine; Ling, Roger (penyunting). <i>Roman Art</i>. Pelican History of Art. <b>44</b>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-300-05293-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-300-05293-0"><bdi>978-0-300-05293-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0553-4755">0553-4755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Art&rft.series=Pelican+History+of+Art&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=0553-4755&rft.isbn=978-0-300-05293-0&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=Donald+Emrys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFTeixidor1979" class="citation book cs1">Teixidor, Javier (1979). <i>The Pantheon of Palmyra</i>. Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'Empire romain. <b>79</b>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-05987-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-05987-0"><bdi>978-90-04-05987-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pantheon+of+Palmyra&rft.series=%C3%89tudes+pr%C3%A9liminaires+aux+religions+orientales+dans+l%27Empire+romain&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-90-04-05987-0&rft.aulast=Teixidor&rft.aufirst=Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFTeixidor2005" class="citation book cs1">Teixidor, Javier (2005). "Palmyra in the third century". Dalam Cussini, Eleonora (penyunting). <i>A Journey to Palmyra: Collected Essays to Remember Delbert R. Hillers</i>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-12418-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-12418-9"><bdi>978-90-04-12418-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Palmyra+in+the+third+century&rft.btitle=A+Journey+to+Palmyra%3A+Collected+Essays+to+Remember+Delbert+R.+Hillers&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12418-9&rft.aulast=Teixidor&rft.aufirst=Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFTerpakBonfitto2017" class="citation web cs1">Terpak, Frances; Bonfitto, Peter Louis (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/research/exhibitions_events/exhibitions/palmyra/index.html">"The Legacy of Ancient Palmyra"</a>. The Getty Research Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Legacy+of+Ancient+Palmyra&rft.pub=The+Getty+Research+Institute&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Terpak&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft.au=Bonfitto%2C+Peter+Louis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getty.edu%2Fresearch%2Fexhibitions_events%2Fexhibitions%2Fpalmyra%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFTharoorMaruf2016" class="citation web cs1">Tharoor, Kanishk; Maruf, Maryam (1 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35688943">"Museum of Lost Objects: The Temple of Bel"</a>. BBC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museum+of+Lost+Objects%3A+The+Temple+of+Bel&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.aulast=Tharoor&rft.aufirst=Kanishk&rft.au=Maruf%2C+Maryam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-35688943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFTomlinson2003" class="citation book cs1">Tomlinson, Richard A. (2003) [1992]. <i>From Mycenae to Constantinople: The Evolution of the Ancient City</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-92894-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-92894-1"><bdi>978-1-134-92894-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Mycenae+to+Constantinople%3A+The+Evolution+of+the+Ancient+City&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-134-92894-1&rft.aulast=Tomlinson&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFTuck2015" class="citation book cs1">Tuck, Steven L. (2015). <i>A History of Roman Art</i>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4443-3025-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4443-3025-0"><bdi>978-1-4443-3025-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Roman+Art&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-3025-0&rft.aulast=Tuck&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Koppen2015" class="citation journal cs1">Van Koppen, Frans (2015). Pfälzner, Peter (penyunting). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/12137231">"Qaṭna in altsyrischer Zeit"</a>. <i>Qaṭna Studien Supplementa: Übergreifende und vergleichende Forschungsaktivitäten des Qaṭna-Projekts der Universität Tübingen</i> (dalam bahasa Jerman). Harrassowitz Verlag. 2: Qaṭna and the Networks of Bronze Age Globalism. Proceedings of an International Conference in Stuttgart and Tübingen in October 2009. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-447-10350-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-447-10350-3"><bdi>978-3-447-10350-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2195-4305">2195-4305</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Qa%E1%B9%ADna+Studien+Supplementa%3A+%C3%9Cbergreifende+und+vergleichende+Forschungsaktivit%C3%A4ten+des+Qa%E1%B9%ADna-Projekts+der+Universit%C3%A4t+T%C3%BCbingen&rft.atitle=Qa%E1%B9%ADna+in+altsyrischer+Zeit&rft.volume=2%3A+Qa%E1%B9%ADna+and+the+Networks+of+Bronze+Age+Globalism.+Proceedings+of+an+International+Conference+in+Stuttgart+and+T%C3%BCbingen+in+October+2009&rft.date=2015&rft.issn=2195-4305&rft.isbn=978-3-447-10350-3&rft.aulast=Van+Koppen&rft.aufirst=Frans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F12137231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFVasudevan1995" class="citation book cs1">Vasudevan, Aruna (1995). "Athens (Attica, Greece): Agora". Dalam Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert M.; La Boda, Sharon (penyunting). <i>International Dictionary of Historic Places</i>. 3 (Southern Europe). Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-884964-02-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-884964-02-2"><bdi>978-1-884964-02-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Athens+%28Attica%2C+Greece%29%3A+Agora&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-02-2&rft.aulast=Vasudevan&rft.aufirst=Aruna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWaardenburg1984" class="citation book cs1">Waardenburg, Jacques (1984). "Changes of Belief in Spiritual Beings, Prophethood, and the Rise of Islam". Dalam Kippenberg, Hans Gerhard; Drijvers, Hendrik Jan Willem; Kuiper, Yme B. (penyunting). <i>Struggles of Gods: Papers of the Groningen Work Group for the Study of the History of Religions</i>. Religion and Reason. <b>31</b>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-279-3460-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-279-3460-4"><bdi>978-90-279-3460-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0080-0848">0080-0848</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Changes+of+Belief+in+Spiritual+Beings%2C+Prophethood%2C+and+the+Rise+of+Islam&rft.btitle=Struggles+of+Gods%3A+Papers+of+the+Groningen+Work+Group+for+the+Study+of+the+History+of+Religions&rft.series=Religion+and+Reason&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1984&rft.issn=0080-0848&rft.isbn=978-90-279-3460-4&rft.aulast=Waardenburg&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWaardenburg2002" class="citation book cs1">Waardenburg, Jean Jacques (2002). <i>Islam: Historical, Social, and Political Perspectives</i>. Religion and Reason. <b>40</b>. Walter de Gruyter. m/s. 405–436. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110200942.bm">10.1515/9783110200942.bm</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-11-017178-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-11-017178-5"><bdi>978-3-11-017178-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0080-0848">0080-0848</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+Historical%2C+Social%2C+and+Political+Perspectives&rft.series=Religion+and+Reason&rft.pages=405-436&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2002&rft.issn=0080-0848&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110200942.bm&rft.isbn=978-3-11-017178-5&rft.aulast=Waardenburg&rft.aufirst=Jean+Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2004" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Alaric (2004) [1999]. <i>Aurelian and the Third Century</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-90815-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-90815-8"><bdi>978-1-134-90815-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aurelian+and+the+Third+Century&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-134-90815-8&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Alaric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2003" class="citation book cs1">Watson, William E. (2003). <i>Tricolor and Crescent: France and the Islamic World</i>. Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-275-97470-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-275-97470-1"><bdi>978-0-275-97470-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tricolor+and+Crescent%3A+France+and+the+Islamic+World&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-275-97470-1&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWessel2015" class="citation book cs1">Wessel, Günther (2015). <i>Das schmutzige Geschäft mit der Antike: Der globale Handel mit illegalen Kulturgütern</i> (dalam bahasa Jerman). Ch. Links Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-86284-311-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-86284-311-4"><bdi>978-3-86284-311-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+schmutzige+Gesch%C3%A4ft+mit+der+Antike%3A+Der+globale+Handel+mit+illegalen+Kulturg%C3%BCtern&rft.pub=Ch.+Links+Verlag&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-86284-311-4&rft.aulast=Wessel&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler2011" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, Everett L (2011). "The Army and the Limes in the East". Dalam Erdkamp, Paul (penyunting). <i>A Companion to the Roman Army</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4443-9376-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4443-9376-7"><bdi>978-1-4443-9376-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Army+and+the+Limes+in+the+East&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Roman+Army&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-9376-7&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Everett+L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWhittow2010" class="citation book cs1">Whittow, Mark (2010). "The late Roman/early Byzantine Near East". Dalam Robinson, Chase F. (penyunting). <i>The formation of the Islamic World. Sixth to Eleventh Centuries</i>. The New Cambridge History of Islam. <b>1</b>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-316-18430-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-316-18430-1"><bdi>978-1-316-18430-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+late+Roman%2Fearly+Byzantine+Near+East&rft.btitle=The+formation+of+the+Islamic+World.+Sixth+to+Eleventh+Centuries&rft.series=The+New+Cambridge+History+of+Islam&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-316-18430-1&rft.aulast=Whittow&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2016" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Sara Elizabeth (11 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/12/10/islamic-state-back-unesco-world-heritage-city-palmyra-surprise/">"Isil retakes historic city of Palmyra"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Isil+retakes+historic+city+of+Palmyra&rft.date=2016-12-11&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Sara+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F12%2F10%2Fislamic-state-back-unesco-world-heritage-city-palmyra-surprise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWinter2010" class="citation book cs1">Winter, Stefan (2010). <i>The Shiites of Lebanon under Ottoman Rule, 1516–1788</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-139-48681-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-139-48681-1"><bdi>978-1-139-48681-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shiites+of+Lebanon+under+Ottoman+Rule%2C+1516%E2%80%931788&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-139-48681-1&rft.aulast=Winter&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWithnall2015" class="citation web cs1">Withnall, Adam (19 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-executes-palmyra-antiquities-chief-khaled-asaad-and-hangs-him-from-ruins-he-spent-a-lifetime-10461601.html">"Isis executes Palmyra antiquities chief and hangs him from ruins he spent a lifetime restoring"</a>. The Independent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isis+executes+Palmyra+antiquities+chief+and+hangs+him+from+ruins+he+spent+a+lifetime+restoring&rft.pub=The+Independent&rft.date=2015-08-19&rft.aulast=Withnall&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisis-executes-palmyra-antiquities-chief-khaled-asaad-and-hangs-him-from-ruins-he-spent-a-lifetime-10461601.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWolfensohn2016" class="citation book cs1">Wolfensohn, Israel (2016) [1914]. <i>تاريخ اللغات السامية (History of Semitic Languages)</i> (dalam bahasa Arab). دار القلم للطباعة و النشر و التوزيع. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/929730588">929730588</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9+%28History+of+Semitic+Languages%29&rft.pub=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1+%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B9&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F929730588&rft.aulast=Wolfensohn&rft.aufirst=Israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWood1753" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Robert (1753). <i>The ruins of Palmyra, otherwise Tedmor, in the desart</i>. London, Robert Wood. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/642403707">642403707</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ruins+of+Palmyra%2C+otherwise+Tedmor%2C+in+the+desart&rft.pub=London%2C+Robert+Wood&rft.date=1753&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F642403707&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWright2004" class="citation book cs1">Wright, David P. (2004). "Syria and Canaan". Dalam Johnston, Sarah Iles (penyunting). <i>Religions of the Ancient World: A Guide</i>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-674-01517-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-674-01517-3"><bdi>978-0-674-01517-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Syria+and+Canaan&rft.btitle=Religions+of+the+Ancient+World%3A+A+Guide&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01517-3&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=David+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFYarshater1998" class="citation book cs1">Yarshater, Ehsan (1998). Hovannisian, Richard G.; Sabagh, Georges (penyunting). <i>The Persian Presence in the Islamic World</i>. Giorgio Levi della Vida Conference. <b>13</b>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-59185-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-521-59185-0"><bdi>978-0-521-59185-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Presence+in+the+Islamic+World&rft.series=Giorgio+Levi+della+Vida+Conference&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-59185-0&rft.aulast=Yarshater&rft.aufirst=Ehsan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFYon2002" class="citation book cs1">Yon, Jean-Baptiste (2002). <i>Les notables de Palmyre</i> (dalam bahasa Perancis). l'Institut français d'archéologie du Proche-Orient. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-2-912738-19-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-2-912738-19-6"><bdi>978-2-912738-19-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+notables+de+Palmyre&rft.pub=l%27Institut+fran%C3%A7ais+d%27arch%C3%A9ologie+du+Proche-Orient&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-2-912738-19-6&rft.aulast=Yon&rft.aufirst=Jean-Baptiste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2003" class="citation book cs1">Young, Gary K. (2003) [2001]. <i>Rome's Eastern Trade: International Commerce and Imperial Policy 31 BC – AD 305</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-54793-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-134-54793-7"><bdi>978-1-134-54793-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome%27s+Eastern+Trade%3A+International+Commerce+and+Imperial+Policy+31+BC+%E2%80%93+AD+305&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-134-54793-7&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Gary+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFZuchowska2008" class="citation book cs1">Zuchowska, Marta (2008). "Wadi al Qubur and Its Interrelations with the Development of Urban Space of the City of Palmyra in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods". Dalam Kühne, Hartmut; Czichon, Rainer Maria; Kreppner, Florian Janoscha (penyunting). <i>Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, 29 March – 3 April 2004, Freie Universität Berlin</i>. <b>1</b>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-447-05703-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-447-05703-5"><bdi>978-3-447-05703-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wadi+al+Qubur+and+Its+Interrelations+with+the+Development+of+Urban+Space+of+the+City+of+Palmyra+in+the+Hellenistic+and+Roman+Periods&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+4th+International+Congress+of+the+Archaeology+of+the+Ancient+Near+East%2C+29+March+%E2%80%93+3+April+2004%2C+Freie+Universit%C3%A4t+Berlin&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-447-05703-5&rft.aulast=Zuchowska&rft.aufirst=Marta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATadmur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmur&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadmur&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Palmyra" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Palmyra">Tadmur</a></b></i>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikipetik mempunyai koleksi petikan mengenai: <i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/wq/ms/Tadmur" class="extiw" title="incubator:wq/ms/Tadmur">Tadmur</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikikembara memiliki panduan pelancongan bagi <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Palmyra#Q5747" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Palmyra">Palmyra</a></b></i>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/TOAH/hd/palm/hd_palm.htm">Metropolitan Museum of Art – Palmyra</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.unimi.it/progettopalmira">Palmyra. Italian-Syrian Archaeological Mission of the University of Milan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaemena360.com/360/PalmyraTour/">Interactive 360° panoramas of Palmyra</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150814053343/http://cuicui.be/syria-roman-palmyra/">360° full-screen photospheric visit of Palmyra</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/palmyra/a/palmyrene-portraiture">Tower Tombs, Funerary Portraiture</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahn_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kahn Academy (laman tidak wujud)">Kahn Academy</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Palmyra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Palmyra (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Palmyra</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Syria_topics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Syria topics (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Syria topics</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Homs_Governorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Homs Governorate (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Homs Governorate</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:World Heritage Sites in Syria (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:World Heritage Sites in Syria</a> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Kawalan_kewibawaan" title="Bantuan:Kawalan kewibawaan">Kawalan kewibawaan</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fail_Kewibawaan_Antarabangsa_Maya" title="Fail Kewibawaan Antarabangsa Maya">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/145438391">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/145438391">WorldCat (melalui VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan negara</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945601w">Perancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945601w">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4044429-6">Jerman</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007562468905171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n85334076">Amerika Syarikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130362&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record280125">Yunani</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1220260/">Aplikasi Berfaset Terminologi Subjek</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tadmur&oldid=5279635">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tadmur&oldid=5279635</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sumber_CS1_bahasa_Arab_(ar)" title="Kategori:Sumber CS1 bahasa Arab (ar)">Sumber CS1 bahasa Arab (ar)</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:CS1:_Nilai_isi_padu_panjang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:CS1: Nilai isi padu panjang (laman tidak wujud)">CS1: Nilai isi padu panjang</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Sumber_CS1_bahasa_Latin_(la)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Sumber CS1 bahasa Latin (la) (laman tidak wujud)">Sumber CS1 bahasa Latin (la)</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Bekas_tempat_berpenduduk_di_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Bekas tempat berpenduduk di Syria (laman tidak wujud)">Bekas tempat berpenduduk di Syria</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Kota_Alkitab_Ibrani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Kota Alkitab Ibrani (laman tidak wujud)">Kota Alkitab Ibrani</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Bandar_termusnah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Bandar termusnah (laman tidak wujud)">Bandar termusnah</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Syam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Syam (laman tidak wujud)">Syam</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Oasis_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Oasis Syria (laman tidak wujud)">Oasis Syria</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Tadmur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Tadmur (laman tidak wujud)">Tadmur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Empayar_Tadmur" title="Kategori:Empayar Tadmur">Empayar Tadmur</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Tempat_berpenduduk_disestablished_pada_1932&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Tempat berpenduduk disestablished pada 1932 (laman tidak wujud)">Tempat berpenduduk disestablished pada 1932</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Tempat_berpenduduk_didirikan_pada_alad_ke-3_SM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Tempat berpenduduk didirikan pada alad ke-3 SM (laman tidak wujud)">Tempat berpenduduk didirikan pada alad ke-3 SM</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Tempat_berpenduduk_Empayar_Byzantine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Tempat berpenduduk Empayar Byzantine (laman tidak wujud)">Tempat berpenduduk Empayar Byzantine</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Pekan_dan_bandar_Rom_di_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Pekan dan bandar Rom di Syria (laman tidak wujud)">Pekan dan bandar Rom di Syria</a></li><li><a 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