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Tyana - Wikipedia

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id="toc-Iron_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neo-Hittite_Kingdom_of_Tuwana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neo-Hittite_Kingdom_of_Tuwana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Neo-Hittite Kingdom of Tuwana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neo-Hittite_Kingdom_of_Tuwana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.1</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.2</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Submission_to_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Submission_to_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.3.1</span> <span>Submission to the Neo-Assyrian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Submission_to_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imposition_of_Neo-Assyrian_governorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imposition_of_Neo-Assyrian_governorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.3.2</span> <span>Imposition of Neo-Assyrian governorship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imposition_of_Neo-Assyrian_governorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regained_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regained_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.3.3</span> <span>Regained independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regained_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_rulers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_rulers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.4</span> <span>List of rulers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_rulers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hellenistic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hellenistic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Hellenistic period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hellenistic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Roman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byzantine_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Byzantine period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecclesiastical_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiastical_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ecclesiastical history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9" title="طوانة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طوانة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Тиана – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тиана" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADana" title="Tíana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tíana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tyana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8D%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Τύανα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τύανα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiana_(ciudad_de_Anatolia)" title="Tiana (ciudad de Anatolia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tiana (ciudad de Anatolia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyane" title="Tyane – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tyane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tyana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijana" title="Tijana – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tijana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tyana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tyana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94" title="טיאנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיאנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8" title="ത്യാന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ത്യാന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyana_(stad)" title="Tyana (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tyana (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A_(%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82)" title="ティアナ (古代都市) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ティアナ (古代都市)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tyana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiana_(Capad%C3%B3cia)" title="Tiana (Capadócia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tiana (Capadócia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tyana" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Тиана (Каппадокия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тиана (Каппадокия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiana" title="Tiana – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tiana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijana" title="Tijana – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tijana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tyana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvana" title="Tuvana – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tuvana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Тіана (Каппадокія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тіана (Каппадокія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1423615#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tyana" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tyana" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tyana&amp;params=37_50_53_N_34_36_40_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°50′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">34°36′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.84806°N 34.61111°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">37.84806; 34.61111</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient city</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the moth genus, see <a href="/wiki/Tyana_(moth)" title="Tyana (moth)">Tyana (moth)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Tynna" title="Tynna">Tynna</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tiana_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tiana (disambiguation)">Tiana</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Cuneform_UZ.svg/60px-Cuneform_UZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Cuneform_UZ.svg/80px-Cuneform_UZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="630" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform script">cuneiform script</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support#Cuneiform" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>&#32;instead of cuneiform script.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Tyana</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyana,_Cappadocia,_Turkey_(23777549058).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777549058%29.jpg/250px-Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777549058%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777549058%29.jpg/330px-Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777549058%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777549058%29.jpg/500px-Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777549058%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3225" data-file-height="2129" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Tyana, Cappadocia, Turkey</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tyana is located in Turkey"><img alt="Tyana is located in Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="677" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.456%;left:46.995%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tyana"><img alt="Tyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within Turkey</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Kemerhisar" title="Kemerhisar">Kemerhisar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ni%C4%9Fde_Province" title="Niğde Province">Niğde Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tyana&amp;params=37_50_53_N_34_36_40_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°50′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">34°36′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.84806°N 34.61111°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">37.84806; 34.61111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Settlement</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Site notes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Condition</th><td class="infobox-data">In ruins</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tyana</b>, earlier known as <b>Tuwana</b> during the Iron Age, and <b>Tūwanuwa</b> during the Bronze Age, was an ancient city in the <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolian</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a>, in modern <a href="/wiki/Kemerhisar" title="Kemerhisar">Kemerhisar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ni%C4%9Fde_Province" title="Niğde Province">Niğde Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Anatolia Region">Central Anatolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was the capital of a <a href="/wiki/Luwian_language" title="Luwian language">Luwian</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states" title="Syro-Hittite states">Neo-Hittite</a> kingdom in the 1st millennium BC. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name of the city was <span title="Hittite-language romanization"><i lang="hit-Latn">Tūwanuwa</i></span> (<span title="Hittite-language text"><span lang="hit"><span style="font-size:125%;font-family:UllikummiA" lang="und-Xsux">𒌷𒌅𒌋𒉿𒉡𒉿</span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKryszeń2023_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKryszeń2023-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) during the Hittite Empire,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <span title="Hieroglyphic Luwian-language romanization"><i lang="hlu-Latn">Tuwana</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b520_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b520-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (<span title="Hieroglyphic Luwian-language text"><span lang="hlu"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227579655">.mw-parser-output .script-Hluw{font-family:"Noto Sans Anatolian Hieroglyphs";font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-Hluw" style="font-size: 100%;">𔑢𔗬𔐤𔔂</span>&#8206;</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c518_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c518-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) in the <a href="/wiki/Luwian_language" title="Luwian language">Luwian language</a> during the Syro-Hittite period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> From the Luwian name <span title="Hieroglyphic Luwian-language romanization"><i lang="hlu-Latn">Tuwana</i></span> were derived: </p> <ul><li>the Neo-Assyrian Akkadian name of the city, <span title="Neo-Assyrian Akkadian-language romanization"><i lang="akk-Latn">Tuḫana</i></span> (<span title="Neo-Assyrian Akkadian-language text"><span lang="akk"><span style="font-size:125%;font-family:Assurbanipal" lang="und-Xsux">𒌷𒌅𒄩𒈾</span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012141_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012141-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012271_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012271-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden2017728_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden2017728-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden2023722_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden2023722-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>and the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> name of the city, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Tuana</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Τυανα</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Tyana</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726–727_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726–727-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The location of the Hittite Tūwanuwa/Neo-Hittite Tuwana/Classical Tyana corresponds to the modern-day town of <a href="/wiki/Kemerhisar" title="Kemerhisar">Kemerhisar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ni%C4%9Fde_Province" title="Niğde Province">Niğde Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726–727_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726–727-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden201056_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden201056-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden2023921_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden2023921-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAro2023114_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAro2023114-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surroundings">Surroundings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Surroundings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region around Tyana, which corresponded to roughly the same area as the former Iron Age kingdom of Tuwana, was known in Classical Antiquity as Tyanitis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012284_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012284-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden2017722_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden2017722-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to later Hittite sources, Tūwanuwa was an important cult centre,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726–727_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726–727-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and its local pantheon was headed by the Storm-god <a href="/wiki/Tar%E1%B8%ABunz" title="Tarḫunz">Tarḫunzas</a> of Tūwanuwa and his consort, the goddess Šaḫḫaššara of Tūwanuwa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingerHoffner200289_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingerHoffner200289-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha2009117_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha2009117-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bronze_Age">Bronze Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Bronze Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Hittite_rule_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Map_Hittite_rule_en.svg/250px-Map_Hittite_rule_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Map_Hittite_rule_en.svg/500px-Map_Hittite_rule_en.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="1194" /></a><figcaption>The Hittite Empire, with <span title="Hittite-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hit-Latn">Tūwanuwa</span></span> located in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Land&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lower Land (page does not exist)">Lower Land</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Tūwanuwa was first mentioned in the texts of the <a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite Empire</a>, as a city located in southeastern Anatolia, in the northern regions of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Land&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lower Land (page does not exist)">Lower Land</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Telipinu_Proclamation" class="mw-redirect" title="Telipinu Proclamation"><span title="English-language romanization"><i lang="en-Latn">Telipinu Proclamation</i></span></a>, Tūwanuwa was part of the territories that the 17th century BC founder-king of the Hittite Old Empire, <a href="/wiki/Labarna_I" title="Labarna I">Labarna I</a>, had conquered and which his sons divided among each other and established their rule there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the reign of the Hittite Middle Empire's king <a href="/wiki/Tudhaliya_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudhaliya III">Tudhaliya III</a>, the cities of Tūwanuwa and <a href="/wiki/Hyde_(Cappadocia)" title="Hyde (Cappadocia)">Uda</a> had become border towns of the forces of <a href="/wiki/Arzawa" title="Arzawa">Arzawa</a> after it had invaded the Lower Land.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009727_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009727-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tūwanuwa itself was attacked by Arzawa, and Hittite records of this development associated Tūwanuwa with the town of Tupazziya and Mount Ammuna. Hittite descriptions of the city suggest that Tūwanuwa itself might have been located on a hill or a mountain at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prince <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0uppiluliuma_I" title="Šuppiluliuma I">Suppiluliuma</a> fought a battle against the Arzawan forces near Tūwanuwa and recaptured Tūwanuwa, which then became a base from which the Hittite forces reconquered the Lower Land from Arzawa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009727_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009727-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several Hittite texts associated Tūwanuwa with the cities of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nena%C5%A1%C5%A1a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nenašša (page does not exist)">Nenašša</a> and <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%AAupi%C5%A1na" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḫupišna">Ḫupišna</a>, attesting that they were located close to each other. The city of <a href="/wiki/Purushanda" title="Purushanda">Purušḫattum</a> was also located close to Tūwanuwa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Hieroglyphic Luwian-language text"><span lang="hlu"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227579655" /><span class="script-Hluw" style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-size:120%">𔑢𔗬𔐤𔔂‎</span></span>&#8206;</span></span> (<span title="Hieroglyphic Luwian-language romanization"><i lang="hlu-Latn">Tuwana</i></span>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;12th century BC</span>&#160;?–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;7th century BC</span>&#160;?</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Estats_neohitites_i_arameus_a_S%C3%ADria_al_segle_VIII_aC.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tuwana (in blue) among the Syro-Hittite states."><img alt="Tuwana (in blue) among the Syro-Hittite states." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Estats_neohitites_i_arameus_a_S%C3%ADria_al_segle_VIII_aC.png/250px-Estats_neohitites_i_arameus_a_S%C3%ADria_al_segle_VIII_aC.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Estats_neohitites_i_arameus_a_S%C3%ADria_al_segle_VIII_aC.png/500px-Estats_neohitites_i_arameus_a_S%C3%ADria_al_segle_VIII_aC.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Tuwana (in blue) among the <a href="/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states" title="Syro-Hittite states">Syro-Hittite states</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NeoHittiteStates.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Tabal among the Neo-Hittite states. Tuwana was one of the constituent states of Tabal."><img alt="Tabal among the Neo-Hittite states. Tuwana was one of the constituent states of Tabal." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/NeoHittiteStates.gif/250px-NeoHittiteStates.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/NeoHittiteStates.gif/375px-NeoHittiteStates.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/NeoHittiteStates.gif 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="380" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><a href="/wiki/Tabal_(region)" title="Tabal (region)">Tabal</a> among the Neo-Hittite states.<br />Tuwana was one of the constituent states of Tabal.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data">Tuwana</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common&#160;languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luwian_language" title="Luwian language">Luwian</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Phrygian_language" title="Phrygian language">Phrygian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luwian_religion" title="Luwian religion">Luwian religion</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">King</th><td class="infobox-data">&#160;</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;early 8th c. BC</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Warpalawas I</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;750 BC</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Sarruwannis</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;? – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;740 BC</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Muwaḫḫaranis I</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;740</span>–705 BC </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Warpalawas_II" title="Warpalawas II">Warpalawas II</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;late 8th c. BC</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Muwaḫḫaranis II</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Vassal of <a href="/wiki/Tabal_(state)" title="Tabal (state)">Tabal</a> (mid 8th century BC)<br />Vassal of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;740s</span> - 705 BC)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Late_Bronze_Age_collapse" title="Late Bronze Age collapse">Late Bronze Age collapse</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;12th century BC</span>&#160;?</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;7th century BC</span>&#160;?</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Hittite_KingdomsecXIV.png/20px-Hittite_KingdomsecXIV.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Hittite_KingdomsecXIV.png/40px-Hittite_KingdomsecXIV.png 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hittite_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hittite empire">Hittite empire</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iron_Age">Iron Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Iron Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neo-Hittite_Kingdom_of_Tuwana">Neo-Hittite Kingdom of Tuwana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Neo-Hittite Kingdom of Tuwana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the collapse of the Hittite Empire, Tūwanuwa became the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Luwian_language" title="Luwian language">Luwian</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states" title="Syro-Hittite states">Syro-Hittite state</a> of Tuwana<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Tabal_(region)" title="Tabal (region)">region of Tabal</a>, in whose southernmost regions it was located.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden2023921_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden2023921-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Location_2">Location</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The kingdom of Tuwana was located in southern <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a> and covered the territory located in the present-day <a href="/wiki/Ni%C4%9Fde_Province" title="Niğde Province">province of Niğde</a> in Turkey,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAro2013388-389_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAro2013388-389-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> lying to the east of the <a href="/wiki/Konya_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Konya Plain">Konya Plain</a> and the Obruk Plateau across <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tuz" title="Lake Tuz">Lake Tuz</a> and the Melendiz Mountains until the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hasan" title="Mount Hasan">Hasandağ</a> volcano to the north,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden2023921_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden2023921-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden20231000_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden20231000-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> where the Erdaş and Hodul mountains formed its northern boundary by separating it from the <a href="/wiki/Tabal_(state)" title="Tabal (state)">kingdom of Tabal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden2023921_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden2023921-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> while to the south it extended to the south until the <a href="/wiki/Cilician_Gates" title="Cilician Gates">Cilician Gates</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009729_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009729-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden20231000_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden20231000-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> so that Tuwana was the first area travellers would reach after leaving <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%AAiyawa" title="Ḫiyawa">Ḫiyawa</a> to the north by passing through the Cilician Gates to cross the Taurus Mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden2023921_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden2023921-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tuwana thus corresponded to the region which later in Classical Antiquity was called Tyanitis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009729_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009729-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden2017722_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden2017722-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden2017724_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden2017724-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tuwana was therefore located in the southern Tabalian region,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden2023722_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden2023722-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> of which it was the largest and most prominent kingdom, with its territory consisting of several settlements surrounding the royal capital at the city of Tuwana,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> although the city of Naḫitiya (modern <a href="/wiki/Ni%C4%9Fde" title="Niğde">Niğde</a>; possibly Hittite period Naḫita<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009494_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009494-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) might have temporarily acted as capital under the reign of the king Sarruwannis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148–149_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148–149-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Another important settlement in Tuwana was the location known in Classical Antiquity as <a href="/wiki/Tynna" title="Tynna">Tynna</a> and presently as Porsuk-Zeyve Höyük.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden20231000_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden20231000-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 8th century BC, Tuwana's territory included the Mount Mudi,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012152_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012152-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which was likely identical with the "alabaster mountain," Mount Mulî, which the Neo-Assyrian king <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a> climbed and from where he extracted <a href="/wiki/Alabaster" title="Alabaster">alabaster</a> during his campaign in the Tabalian region in 837 BCE. The name <span title="Neo-Assyrian Akkadian-language romanization"><i lang="akk-Latn">Mulî</i></span> (<span title="Neo-Assyrian Akkadian-language text"><span lang="akk"><span style="font-size:125%;font-family:Assurbanipal" lang="und-Xsux">𒈬𒇷𒄿</span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) was the Akkadian form of a Luwian original name <span title="Hieroglyphic Luwian-language romanization"><i lang="hlu-Latn">Mudi</i></span> (<span title="Hieroglyphic Luwian-language text"><span lang="hlu"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227579655" /><span class="script-Hluw" style="font-size: 100%;">𔑿𔑣</span>&#8206;</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b523_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b523-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000a521-525_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000a521-525-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden2017727_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden2017727-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which had experienced the Luwian sound shift from <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>/</span> to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins1997414_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins1997414-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTED&#39;Alfonso2012178_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTED&#39;Alfonso2012178-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on the close association of the "silver mountain," Mount Tunni, with Mount Mulî in the Neo-Assyrian records, both of these mountains were located close to each other, in the northeastern end of the <a href="/wiki/Bolkar_Mountains" title="Bolkar Mountains">Bolkar</a> and Taurus Mountains, where are presently located the silver mines of Bulgarmaden and the <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a> mine at <a href="/wiki/Tunna" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunna">Porsuk</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tunna" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunna">Zeyve Höyük</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins1997414_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins1997414-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStreck2014189-190_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStreck2014189-190-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Population">Population</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tuwana was a state whose population was descended from the largely <a href="/wiki/Luwians" title="Luwians">Luwian</a> inhabitants of the former Hittite region of Tūwanuwa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="History_2">History</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tuwana might have been ruled by a single dynasty consisting of the kings Warpalawas I, followed by his son Sarruwannis, who was succeeded by his own son Muwaḫḫaranis I, himself succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Warpalawas_II" title="Warpalawas II">Warpalawas II</a>, whose son and successor was Muwaḫḫaranis II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012149_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012149-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tuwana was spared by the Neo-Assyrian king Shalmaneser III's invasion of the Tabalian region which he conducted in 837 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012240_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012240-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Submission_to_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire">Submission to the Neo-Assyrian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Submission to the Neo-Assyrian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;738 BC</span>, the Tabalian region, including Tuwana, had become a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a>, either after the Neo-Assyrian king <a href="/wiki/Tiglath-pileser_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiglath-pileser III">Tiglath-pileser III</a>'s (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr>&#8201;745&#160;–&#160;727 BCE</span>) conquest of Arpad over the course of 743 to 740 BC caused the states of the Tabalian region to submit to him, or possibly as a result of a campaign of Tiglath-pileser III in Tabal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012144_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012144-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012271_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012271-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAro2013389_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAro2013389-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consequently, the longest reigning king of Tuwana, <a href="/wiki/Warpalawas_II" title="Warpalawas II">Warpalawas II</a>, was mentioned in the records of the Neo-Assyrian Empire as one of five kings who offered tribute to Tiglath-Pileser III in 738 and 737 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2014408_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2014408-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IvrizRelief.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/IvrizRelief.JPG/250px-IvrizRelief.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/IvrizRelief.JPG/500px-IvrizRelief.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1308" data-file-height="1883" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0vriz_relief" title="İvriz relief">İvriz relief</a>, depicting Warpalawas II (smaller, on the right) worshipping the Storm-god <a href="/wiki/Tar%E1%B8%ABunz" title="Tarḫunz">Tarḫunzas</a> (taller, on the left)</figcaption></figure> <p>Tuwana was a powerful state under Warpalawas II, under whose reign it contained one sub-kingdom whose capital was at the site corresponding to present-day <a href="/wiki/Porsuk,_Uluk%C4%B1%C5%9Fla" title="Porsuk, Ulukışla">Porsuk</a>, and whose ruler Tarḫunazzas declared himself to be the "servant" of Warpalawas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins1997414_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins1997414-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012149_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012149-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2014408_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2014408-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the time of the Neo-Assyrian king <a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon II</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr>&#8201;722&#160;–&#160;705 BC</span>), Tuwana was one of the last still independent Tabalian kingdoms, although it was coming under the pressure of both the Neo-Assyrian Empire and the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a> because of its location between these two powers,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2014408_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2014408-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and some Old Phrygian inscriptions on basalt, possibly dated from Warpalawas II's reign, as well as the Phrygian robe depicted as worn by Warpalawas II in his <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0vriz_relief" title="İvriz relief">İvriz monument</a>, suggest that aspects of Phrygian culture were arriving into Tuwana during the late 8th century BC in the time of Warpalawas II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012150_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012150-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warpalawas II nevertheless appears to have carried out a policy of cooperation with the Neo-Assyrian Empire, thanks to which he was able to keep his throne until the <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;700s BC</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012150_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012150-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>And, after Sargon II had annexed the kingdom of Tabal, then reorganised as the kingdom of Bīt-Burutaš, and deported its king Ambaris in 713 BC, he increased Tuwana's territory in the broader Tabalian region by giving Warpalawas II part of the territory of Bīt-Burutaš.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Imposition_of_Neo-Assyrian_governorship">Imposition of Neo-Assyrian governorship</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Imposition of Neo-Assyrian governorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tuwana however appears to have come under direct Assyrian rule during the later years of Warpalawas II's reign, especially following the annexation of the kingdom of Tabal, then reorganised as the kingdom of Bīt-Burutaš, and the deportation of its king Ambaris in 713 BC, after which Sargon II appointed one Aššur-šarru-uṣur as governor of Que based in Ḫiyawa who also held authority on <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%AAilakku" title="Ḫilakku">Ḫilakku</a> and the Tabalian region, including both Bīt-Burutaš and Tuwana.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009685_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009685-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012152_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012152-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012158-159_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012158-159-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus Tuwana and other nearby Anatolian kingdoms were placed the authority of Aššur-šarru-uṣur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012152_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012152-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012284-285_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012284-285-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Following the appointment of Aššur-šarru-uṣur, Warpalawas II of Tuwana and <a href="/wiki/Awarikus" title="Awarikus">Awarikus</a> of Ḫiyawa became largely symbolic rulers although they might have still held the power to manage their kingdoms locally.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012284_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012284-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reason for these changes was due to the fact that, although Warpalawas II and Awarikus had been loyal Neo-Assyrian vassals, Sargon II considered them as being too elderly to be able to efficiently uphold Neo-Assyrian authority in southeastern Anatolia, where the situation had become volatile because of encroachment by the then growing power of <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygian kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012284_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012284-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tuwana nevertheless appears to have continued to thrive as a Neo-Assyrian vassal during the rules of Warpalawas II and his son and successor, Muwaḫḫaranis II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAro2023117_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAro2023117-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some cities in these new territories from Bīt-Burutaš which Sargon II had assigned to Warpalawas II were later attacked and occupied by Atuna and Ištuanda in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;710 BC</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last known king of Tuwana was Muwaḫḫaranis II, the son of Warpalawas II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2014408_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2014408-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As in the latter part of his father's reign, Tuwana during the rule of Muwaḫḫaranis II was under direct rule of the Neo-Assyrian governor Aššur-šarru-uṣur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012152_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012152-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Regained_independence">Regained independence</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Regained independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Muwaḫḫaranis II might have continued to rule in Tabal into the 7th century BC,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAro2023123_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAro2023123-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> by which time Neo-Assyrian control of the Tabalian region had ended.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAro2023_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAro2023-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A late 8th century BC king named Masauraḫissas<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdiego2019153-154_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdiego2019153-154-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> is also attested from an inscription at Porsuk-Zeyve Höyük, although it is uncertain whether he was the king of another state (he is commonly assumed to have been a ruler of Tunna), or whether he ruled in Tuwana after Muwaḫḫaranis II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon2013285-290_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon2013285-290-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden20231002_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden20231002-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Masauraḫissas's name might possibly have been a Luwianisation of a Phrygian name <span title="Phrygian-language romanization"><i lang="xpg-Latn">Masa Urgitos</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESummers2023115_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESummers2023115-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>By <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;675 BC</span>, Neo-Assyrian sources no longer referred to the local Tabalian kings, suggesting that they, including Tuwana, might have been annexed by the king Iškallû of Tabal proper, after which it became part of the united kingdom of Tabal and Melid of the king Mugallu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon2013288_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon2013288-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The situation of Tuwana following the loss of Neo-Assyrian control over the Tabalian region after 705 BC is unknown, although the survival of the city's name until the Classical period suggests that there was no significant cultural break there after the end of the 8th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAro2023117_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAro2023117-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="List_of_rulers">List of rulers</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: List of rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Warpalawas I&#160;?, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr>&#8201;<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;early 8th century BC</span></span></li> <li>Sarruwannis (<a href="/wiki/Hieroglyphic_Luwian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglyphic Luwian language">Hieroglyphic Luwian</a>: <span lang="hlu">𔗔𔗑𔗬𔗐𔗔</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b515_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b515-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c514_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c514-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>), <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr>&#8201;first half of 8th century BC</span></li> <li>Muwaḫḫaranis I (<a href="/wiki/Hieroglyphic_Luwian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglyphic Luwian language">Hieroglyphic Luwian</a>: <span lang="hlu">𔑾𔗬𔓷𔖱𔗐𔗔</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b520_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b520-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>), <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr>&#8201;?&#160;–&#160;<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;740 BC</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warpalawas_II" title="Warpalawas II">Warpalawas II</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hieroglyphic_Luwian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglyphic Luwian language">Hieroglyphic Luwian</a>: <span lang="hlu">𔗬𔖱𔕸𔓊𔗬𔗔</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b520_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b520-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c518_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c518-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Akkadian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Assyrian Akkadian language">Neo-Assyrian Akkadian</a>: <span lang="akk"><span style="font-size:125%;font-family:Assurbanipal" lang="und-Xsux">𒁹𒌨𒁄𒆷𒀀</span></span>, <small>romanized:&#160;</small><span title="Neo-Assyrian Akkadian-language romanization"><i lang="akk-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Di%C5%A1" title="Diš">ᵐ</a>Urpallâ</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>), <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr>&#8201;<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;740 BCE</span>&#160;–&#160;705 BC</span></li> <li>Muwaḫḫaranis II (<a href="/wiki/Hieroglyphic_Luwian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglyphic Luwian language">Hieroglyphic Luwian</a>: <span lang="hlu">𔑾𔗬𔓷𔖱𔗐𔗔</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b527_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b527-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c526_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c526-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>), <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr>&#8201;<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;late 8th century BC</span>&#160;–&#160;unknown</span></li> <li>Masauraḫissas<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdiego2019153_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdiego2019153-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;? (<a href="/wiki/Hieroglyphic_Luwian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglyphic Luwian language">Hieroglyphic Luwian</a>: <span lang="hlu">𔒅𔗔𔖙𔖱𔗒𔑷𔗦</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b528_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b528-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c527_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c527-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hellenistic_period">Hellenistic period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Hellenistic period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NigdeMuseumTyana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/NigdeMuseumTyana.jpg/250px-NigdeMuseumTyana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/NigdeMuseumTyana.jpg/330px-NigdeMuseumTyana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/NigdeMuseumTyana.jpg/500px-NigdeMuseumTyana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Artifacts from Tyana in <a href="/wiki/Ni%C4%9Fde_Archaeological_Museum" title="Niğde Archaeological Museum">Niğde Archaeological Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyana,_Cappadocia,_Turkey_(23777522658).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777522658%29.jpg/250px-Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777522658%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777522658%29.jpg/330px-Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777522658%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777522658%29.jpg/500px-Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777522658%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Tyana archeological site</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyana,_Cappadocia,_Turkey_(23777570238).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777570238%29.jpg/250px-Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777570238%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777570238%29.jpg/330px-Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777570238%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777570238%29.jpg/500px-Tyana%2C_Cappadocia%2C_Turkey_%2823777570238%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3329" data-file-height="2205" /></a><figcaption>Roman Aqueduct of Tyana</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TyanaAqu%C3%A4dukt3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/TyanaAqu%C3%A4dukt3.jpg/250px-TyanaAqu%C3%A4dukt3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/TyanaAqu%C3%A4dukt3.jpg/330px-TyanaAqu%C3%A4dukt3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/TyanaAqu%C3%A4dukt3.jpg/500px-TyanaAqu%C3%A4dukt3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3408" /></a><figcaption>Roman Aqueduct of Tyana</figcaption></figure> <p>By the Graeco-Roman period, the city became known as Tyana (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Τυανα</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>:&#160;</small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Tuana</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Tyana</i>), and the country around it as Tyanitis (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Τυανιτις</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>:&#160;</small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Tuanitis</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Tyanitis</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726–727_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726–727-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Greek legend, the city was first called Thoana because Thoas, a <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thracian</a> king, was its founder (<a href="/wiki/Arrian" title="Arrian">Arrian</a>, <i>Periplus Ponti Euxini</i>, vi); it was in <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a>, at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Taurus_Mountains" title="Taurus Mountains">Taurus Mountains</a> and near the Cilician Gates (<a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, XII, 537; XIII, 587). According to Strabo the city was renamed as "Eusebeia at the Taurus", likely due to its refoundation by <a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_V_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes V of Cappadocia">Ariarathes V Eusebes</a>. In the first century B.C., the city had a <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(ancient_Greece)" title="Gymnasium (ancient Greece)">gymnasium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1996378_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1996378-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a> mentions it in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Anabasis_(Xenophon)" title="Anabasis (Xenophon)">Anabasis</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1996378_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1996378-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> under the name of <i>Dana</i>, as a large and prosperous city. The surrounding plain was known after it as <i>Tyanitis</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_period">Roman period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Roman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the first century of Roman rule of Cappadocia, the city was one of the only four major "cities" in the region and among those the most hellenised and therefore the closest to a Roman city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201215_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201215-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tyana is the reputed birthplace of the celebrated philosopher (and reputed saint or magician) <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Tyana" title="Apollonius of Tyana">Apollonius of Tyana</a> in the first century AD. <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses_(poem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamorphoses (poem)">Metamorphoses</a> VIII) places the tale of <a href="/wiki/Baucis_and_Philemon" title="Baucis and Philemon">Baucis and Philemon</a> in the vicinity. </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a>, the city became <i>Antoniana colonia Tyana</i>. After having sided first with the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sassanid</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur</a> in 260 and then Queen <a href="/wiki/Zenobia" title="Zenobia">Zenobia</a> of <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tyana_(272)" title="Siege of Tyana (272)">it was captured</a> by emperor <a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a> in 272, who would not allow his soldiers to sack it, allegedly because <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Tyana" title="Apollonius of Tyana">Apollonius</a> appeared to him. It is more likely though that the city was its strategic importance in a fertile plain and as a major stop linking Anatolia with Cilicia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201216–17_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201216–17-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 372, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a> split the <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">province</a> of Cappadocia in two, and Tyana became the capital and metropolis of <i><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Cappadocia Secunda">Cappadocia Secunda</a></i>, and the city was sometimes referred to as <b>Christoupolis</b> (<a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Greek language">Medieval Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Χριστούπολις</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a>&#8201;</small>&#39;city of Christ&#39;) in <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Due to its location, the city was on one of the <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_Road" title="Pilgrim&#39;s Road">major Christian pilgrim routes</a> in the empire and also had its own local saints such as Orestes, who according to tradition was <a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">martyred</a> in Late Antiquity in Tyana and remained a venerated figure in Cappadocia up to the tenth century at least.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperDecker2012165–166_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperDecker2012165–166-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_period">Byzantine period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Byzantine period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arab-Byzantine_frontier_zone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Arab-Byzantine_frontier_zone.svg/250px-Arab-Byzantine_frontier_zone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Arab-Byzantine_frontier_zone.svg/330px-Arab-Byzantine_frontier_zone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Arab-Byzantine_frontier_zone.svg/500px-Arab-Byzantine_frontier_zone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1705" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Arab-Byzantine frontier region, with Tyana in the lower left corner</figcaption></figure> <p>In the fifth century, Cooper and Decker estimate that the city had possibly a population of no more than 10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201247_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201247-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Being located around 30&#160;km to the north of the Cilician Gates, Tyana lied on the main road between Constantinople and the Levant. Following the <a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Muslim conquests</a> and the establishment of the frontier between the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Taurus_Mountains" title="Taurus Mountains">Taurus Mountains</a>, this made Tyana a recurrent target of raids by the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a> Caliphates in 708, 806 and 831:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>the city was first <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tyana" title="Siege of Tyana">sacked</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyads</a> after a long siege in 708,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and remained deserted for some time before being rebuilt</li> <li>it was then <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_invasion_of_Asia_Minor_(806)" title="Abbasid invasion of Asia Minor (806)">occupied</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> caliph <a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a> in 806. Harun began converting the city into a military base and even erected a <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> there, but evacuated it after the Byzantine emperor <a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I" title="Nikephoros I">Nikephoros I</a> bought a peace.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The city was again taken and razed by the Abbasids under <a href="/wiki/Al-Abbas_ibn_al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Abbas ibn al-Ma&#39;mun">Al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun</a> in 831.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Abbas rebuilt the site three years later as an Abbasid military colony in preparation for Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Ma&#39;mun">al-Ma'mun</a>'s planned conquest of Byzantium, but after Ma'mun's sudden death in August 833 the campaign was abandoned by his successor <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tasim" title="Al-Mu&#39;tasim">al-Mu'tasim</a> and the half-rebuilt city was razed again.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201223_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201223-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tyana finally entered into a permanent phase of decline after 933<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130_72-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and was replaced by a number of nearby settlements. In the Middle and Late Byzantine periods the city recovered somewhat as a place of relative agricultural and commercial importance, but it never hosted more than a few thousand inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201223–24_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201223–24-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_period">Modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Insignificant ruins of the Byzantine city are still visible at the site of Tyana in the present.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130_72-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecclesiastical_history">Ecclesiastical history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As noted, in 372 Emperor <a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a> created the province of <i>Cappadocia Secunda</i>, of which Tyana became the metropolis. This aroused a violent controversy between <a href="/wiki/Anthimus_of_Tyana" title="Anthimus of Tyana">Anthimus</a>, Bishop of Tyana, and St. <a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a>, each of whom wished to have as many <a href="/wiki/Suffragan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffragan">suffragan</a> sees as possible. About 640 Tyana had three, and it was the same in the tenth century (<a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Gelzer" title="Heinrich Gelzer">Heinrich Gelzer</a>, "Ungedruckte ... Texte der Notitiae episcopatum", 538, 554). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Le_Quien" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Quien">Le Quien</a> mentions 28 bishops of Tyana,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> among whom were: </p> <ul><li>Eutychius, at Nice in 325</li> <li>Anthimus, the rival of <a href="/wiki/St._Basil" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Basil">St. Basil</a></li> <li>Aetherius, at Constantinople in 381</li> <li>Theodore, the friend of <a href="/wiki/St._John_Chrysostom" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John Chrysostom">St. John Chrysostom</a></li> <li>Eutherius, the partisan of <a href="/wiki/Nestorius" title="Nestorius">Nestorius</a>, deposed and exiled in 431</li> <li>Cyriacus, a <a href="/wiki/Severians" title="Severians">Severian</a> <a href="/wiki/Monophysite" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophysite">Monophysite</a>.</li></ul> <p>In May 1359, Tyana still had a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan</a> (Mikelosich and Müller, "Acta patriarchatus Constantinopolitani", I, 505); in 1360 the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_of_Caesarea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Metropolitan of Caesarea (page does not exist)">metropolitan of Caesarea</a> secured the administration of it (op. cit., 537). Thenceforth the see was titular. </p><p>In 2020, during excavations the archaeologists discovered an octagonal church and coins dated to the 4th century.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2009726_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryce2009">Bryce 2009</a>, p.&#160;726.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce2012148-2"><span 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouton2014249_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMouton2014">Mouton 2014</a>, p.&#160;249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKryszeń2023-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKryszeń2023_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKryszeń2023">Kryszeń 2023</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b520-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b520_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b520_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b520_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHawkins2000b">Hawkins 2000b</a>, p.&#160;520.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c518-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c518_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c518_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHawkins2000c">Hawkins 2000c</a>, p.&#160;518.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oracc.org/armep/cbd/qpn-x-ethnic/x000006390.html">"Tuhanayu &#91;OF TUHANA&#93; (EN)"</a>. <i>Ancient Records of Middle Eastern Polities</i>. <a 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce2012284-285_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryce2012">Bryce 2012</a>, p.&#160;284-285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAro2023117-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAro2023117_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAro2023117_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAro2023">Aro 2023</a>, p.&#160;117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAro2023123-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAro2023123_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAro2023">Aro 2023</a>, p.&#160;123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAro2023-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAro2023_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAro2023">Aro 2023</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdiego2019153-154-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdiego2019153-154_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdiego2019">Adiego 2019</a>, p.&#160;153-154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon2013285-290-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon2013285-290_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimon2013">Simon 2013</a>, p.&#160;285-290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeden20231002-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeden20231002_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeeden2023">Weeden 2023</a>, p.&#160;1002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESummers2023115-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESummers2023115_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSummers2023">Summers 2023</a>, p.&#160;115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon2013288-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon2013288_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimon2013">Simon 2013</a>, p.&#160;288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b515-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b515_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHawkins2000b">Hawkins 2000b</a>, p.&#160;515.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c514-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c514_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHawkins2000c">Hawkins 2000c</a>, p.&#160;514.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa11/cbd/qpn/x000005850.html">"Urpalla &#91;1&#93; (PN)"</a>. Imperial Administrative Records, Part II: Provincial and Military Administration. <i>State Archives of Assyria Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Open_Richly_Annotated_Cuneiform_Corpus" title="Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus">Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=State+Archives+of+Assyria+Online&amp;rft.atitle=Urpalla+%5B1%5D+%28PN%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foracc.museum.upenn.edu%2Fsaao%2Fsaa11%2Fcbd%2Fqpn%2Fx000005850.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/cbd/qpn/x000030490.html">"Urpalla &#91;1&#93; (PN)"</a>. <i>State Archives of Assyria Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Open_Richly_Annotated_Cuneiform_Corpus" title="Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus">Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=State+Archives+of+Assyria+Online&amp;rft.atitle=Urpalla+%5B1%5D+%28PN%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foracc.museum.upenn.edu%2Fsaao%2Fcbd%2Fqpn%2Fx000030490.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b527-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b527_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHawkins2000b">Hawkins 2000b</a>, p.&#160;527.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c526-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c526_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHawkins2000c">Hawkins 2000c</a>, p.&#160;526.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdiego2019153-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdiego2019153_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdiego2019">Adiego 2019</a>, p.&#160;153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b528-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000b528_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHawkins2000b">Hawkins 2000b</a>, p.&#160;528.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c527-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins2000c527_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHawkins2000c">Hawkins 2000c</a>, p.&#160;527.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1996378-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1996378_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1996378_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen1996">Cohen 1996</a>, p.&#160;378.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201215-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201215_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooperDecker2012">Cooper &amp; Decker 2012</a>, p.&#160;15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201216–17-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201216–17_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooperDecker2012">Cooper &amp; Decker 2012</a>, pp.&#160;16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130_72-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiaccadori19912130_72-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFiaccadori1991">Fiaccadori 1991</a>, p.&#160;2130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperDecker2012165–166-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperDecker2012165–166_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooperDecker2012">Cooper &amp; Decker 2012</a>, pp.&#160;165–166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201247-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201247_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooperDecker2012">Cooper &amp; Decker 2012</a>, p.&#160;47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Treadgold (1988), p. 275–276</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Treadgold (1988), p. 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Treadgold (1997), p. 341</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Treadgold (1988), pp. 279–281</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201223-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201223_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooperDecker2012">Cooper &amp; Decker 2012</a>, p.&#160;23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201223–24-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperDecker201223–24_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooperDecker2012">Cooper &amp; Decker 2012</a>, pp.&#160;23–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLe_Quien1740" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Le_Quien" title="Michel Le Quien">Le Quien, Michel</a> (1740). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0agp0mJFG_sC"><i>Oriens Christianus, in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus: quo exhibentur ecclesiæ, patriarchæ, cæterique præsules totius Orientis. Tomus primus: tres magnas complectens diœceses Ponti, Asiæ &amp; Thraciæ, Patriarchatui Constantinopolitano subjectas</i></a> (in Latin). Paris: Ex Typographia Regia. cols. 395–402. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/955922585">955922585</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Oriens+Christianus%2C+in+quatuor+Patriarchatus+digestus%3A+quo+exhibentur+ecclesi%C3%A6%2C+patriarch%C3%A6%2C+c%C3%A6terique+pr%C3%A6sules+totius+Orientis.+Tomus+primus%3A+tres+magnas+complectens+di%C5%93ceses+Ponti%2C+Asi%C3%A6+%26+Thraci%C3%A6%2C+Patriarchatui+Constantinopolitano+subjectas&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pages=cols.+395-402&amp;rft.pub=Ex+Typographia+Regia&amp;rft.date=1740&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F955922585&amp;rft.aulast=Le+Quien&amp;rft.aufirst=Michel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0agp0mJFG_sC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/1-600-year-old-octagonal-church-found-in-central-anatolia-157255">1,600-year-old octagonal church found in Central Anatolia</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdiego2019" class="citation journal cs1">Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/41674506">"The Survival of the God Name Šarruma in Cilician Names in the Greek Sources"</a>. <i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altorientalische_Forschungen" class="extiw" title="de:Altorientalische Forschungen">Altorientalische Forschungen</a></i> &#91;<i>Ancient Near Eastern Research</i>&#93;. <b>46</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter" title="De Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>: <span class="nowrap">147–</span>160. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Faofo-2019-0010">10.1515/aofo-2019-0010</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Altorientalische+Forschungen&amp;rft.atitle=The+Survival+of+the+God+Name+%C5%A0arruma+in+Cilician+Names+in+the+Greek+Sources&amp;rft.volume=46&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E147-%3C%2Fspan%3E160&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Faofo-2019-0010&amp;rft.aulast=Adiego&amp;rft.aufirst=Ignasi-Xavier&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F41674506&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAro2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Aro, Sanna (2013). "Tabal". In <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_P._Streck" class="extiw" title="de:Michael P. Streck">Streck, Michael P.</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span>; Frantz-Szabó, Gabriella; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Krebernik" class="extiw" title="de:Manfred Krebernik">Krebernik, Manfred</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span>; Bonacossi, D. Morandi; <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Postgate_(academic)" title="Nicholas Postgate (academic)">Postgate, J. N.</a>; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_Seidl" class="extiw" title="de:Ursula Seidl">Seidl, Ursula</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span>; Stol, M.; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gernot_Wilhelm" class="extiw" title="de:Gernot Wilhelm">Wilhelm, Gernot</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Reallexikon_der_Assyriologie_und_Vorderasiatischen_Arch%C3%A4ologie" title="Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie">Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie</a></i> &#91;<i>Encyclopaedia of Ancient Near Eastern Studies</i>&#93; (in German). Vol.&#160;13. <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>; <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter" title="De Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">388–</span>391. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-110-30715-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-110-30715-3"><bdi>978-3-110-30715-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Tabal&amp;rft.btitle=Reallexikon+der+Assyriologie+und+Vorderasiatischen+Arch%C3%A4ologie&amp;rft.place=Berlin%2C+Germany%3B+New+York+City%2C+United+States&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E388-%3C%2Fspan%3E391&amp;rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-110-30715-3&amp;rft.aulast=Aro&amp;rft.aufirst=Sanna&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAro2023" class="citation book cs1">Aro, Sanna (2023). "Vanishing kingdoms: Tabal and Tuwana during the seventh century BC". In Draycott, Catherine M.; Branting, Scott; Lehner, Joseph W.; Özarslan, Yasemin (eds.). <i>From Midas to Cyrus and Other Stories: Papers on Iron Age Anatolia in Honour of Geoffrey and Françoise Summers</i>. BIAA Monograph Series. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <a href="/wiki/British_Institute_at_Ankara" title="British Institute at Ankara">British Institute at Ankara</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">113–</span>135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-912-09011-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-912-09011-2"><bdi>978-1-912-09011-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Vanishing+kingdoms%3A+Tabal+and+Tuwana+during+the+seventh+century+BC&amp;rft.btitle=From+Midas+to+Cyrus+and+Other+Stories%3A+Papers+on+Iron+Age+Anatolia+in+Honour+of+Geoffrey+and+Fran%C3%A7oise+Summers&amp;rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&amp;rft.series=BIAA+Monograph+Series&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E113-%3C%2Fspan%3E135&amp;rft.pub=British+Institute+at+Ankara&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-912-09011-2&amp;rft.aulast=Aro&amp;rft.aufirst=Sanna&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietrich_Berges&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietrich Berges (page does not exist)">Dietrich Berges</a>, "Die Frühgeschichte Tyanas." In Dietrich Berges, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Noll%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Nollé (page does not exist)">Johannes Nollé</a>, <i>Tyana. Archäologisch-historische Untersuchungen zum südwestlichen Kappadokien</i>. Rudolf Habelt Verlag, Bonn 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7749-2959-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-7749-2959-9">3-7749-2959-9</a>, pp.&#160;465–475.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryce2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_R._Bryce" title="Trevor R. 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(2 November 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BnsPcZW4G7YC"><i>The Hellenistic Settlements in Europe, the Islands, and Asia Minor</i></a>. University of California Press. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">378–</span>379. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-91408-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-91408-7"><bdi>978-0-520-91408-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol.&#160;2. <a href="/wiki/Winona_Lake,_Indiana" title="Winona Lake, Indiana">Winona</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eisenbrauns" title="Eisenbrauns">Eisenbrauns</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">721–</span>736. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-471-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-471-0"><bdi>978-1-57506-471-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Tabal+and+the+Limits+of+Assyrian+Imperialism&amp;rft.btitle=At+the+Dawn+of+History%3A+Ancient+Near+Eastern+Studies+in+Honour+of+J.+N.+Postgate&amp;rft.place=Winona%2C+United+States&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E721-%3C%2Fspan%3E736&amp;rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-57506-471-0&amp;rft.aulast=Weeden&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeeden2023" class="citation book cs1">Weeden, Mark (2023). "The Iron Age States of Central Anatolia and Northern Syria". In <a href="/wiki/Karen_Radner" title="Karen Radner">Radner, Karen</a>; Moeller, Nadine; Potts, Daniel T. (eds.). <i>The Age of Assyria</i>. The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East. Vol.&#160;4. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">912–</span>1026. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-190-68763-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-190-68763-2"><bdi>978-0-190-68763-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+Iron+Age+States+of+Central+Anatolia+and+Northern+Syria&amp;rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Assyria&amp;rft.place=New+York+City%2C+United+States&amp;rft.series=The+Oxford+History+of+the+Ancient+Near+East&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E912-%3C%2Fspan%3E1026&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-190-68763-2&amp;rft.aulast=Weeden&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyana" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_2">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTreadgold1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Treadgold" title="Warren Treadgold">Treadgold, Warren</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TysAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Byzantine Revival, 780–842</i></a>. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-1462-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-1462-4"><bdi>978-0-8047-1462-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Byzantine+Revival%2C+780%E2%80%93842&amp;rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8047-1462-4&amp;rft.aulast=Treadgold&amp;rft.aufirst=Warren&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3TysAAAAIAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTreadgold1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Treadgold" title="Warren Treadgold">Treadgold, Warren</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC"><i>A History of the Byzantine State and Society</i></a>. Stanford, California: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2"><bdi>0-8047-2630-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Byzantine+State+and+Society&amp;rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=0-8047-2630-2&amp;rft.aulast=Treadgold&amp;rft.aufirst=Warren&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYbnr5XVbzUC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/20px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/40px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span>&#160;This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>:&#160;<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15106b.htm">"Tyana"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Tyana&amp;rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&amp;rft.date=1913&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F15106b.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyana" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kemerhisar.net">Tyana in Turkey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070202004418/http://kemerhisar.net/">Archived</a> 2007-02-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Nigde city. Tyana and Apollonius</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/tt-tz/tyana/tyana.html">Tyana (Kemerhisar)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131106132716/http://www.livius.org/tt-tz/tyana/tyana.html">Archived</a> 2013-11-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/History_of_Anatolia" coords="282,12,527,36" title="History of Anatolia" alt="History of Anatolia" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_1o82fhjc3wbovqwhy2kcjq20p6jp4tz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/1o82fhjc3wbovqwhy2kcjq20p6jp4tz.png" /></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_settlements_in_Turkey343" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_settlements_in_Turkey" title="Template:Ancient settlements in Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_settlements_in_Turkey" title="Template talk:Ancient settlements in Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_settlements_in_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient settlements in Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_settlements_in_Turkey343" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_settlements_in_Turkey" title="List of ancient settlements in Turkey">Ancient settlements in Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aegean_region" title="Aegean region">Aegean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbassus" title="Abbassus">Abbassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abrostola_(Phrygia)" title="Abrostola (Phrygia)">Abrostola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaion_Limen" title="Achaion Limen">Achaion Limen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharaca" title="Acharaca">Acharaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acmonia" title="Acmonia">Acmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrassus" title="Acrassus">Acrassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adramyttium" title="Adramyttium">Adramyttium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agatheira" title="Agatheira">Agatheira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigai_(Aeolis)" title="Aigai (Aeolis)">Aegae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airai_(Ionia)" title="Airai (Ionia)">Airai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizanoi" title="Aizanoi">Aizanoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabanda" title="Alabanda">Alabanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alia_(Phrygia)" title="Alia (Phrygia)">Alia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alinda" title="Alinda">Alinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allianoi" title="Allianoi">Allianoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almura" title="Almura">Almura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnista" title="Amnista">Amnista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amorium" title="Amorium">Amorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(ancient_city)" title="Amos (ancient city)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amynanda" title="Amynanda">Amynanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyzon_(city)" title="Amyzon (city)">Amyzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaua" title="Anaua">Anaua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anineta" title="Anineta">Anineta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaea" title="Annaea">Annaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antandrus" title="Antandrus">Antandrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antioch_on_the_Maeander" title="Antioch on the Maeander">Antioch on the Maeander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apamea_(Phrygia)" title="Apamea (Phrygia)">Apamea in Phrygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodisias" title="Aphrodisias">Aphrodisias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Mysia)" title="Apollonia (Mysia)">Apollonia in Mysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_Salbaces" title="Apollonia Salbaces">Apollonia Salbaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonis_(Lydia)" title="Apollonis (Lydia)">Apollonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonos_Hieron" title="Apollonos Hieron">Apollonos Hieron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appia_(Phrygia)" title="Appia (Phrygia)">Appia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appolena" title="Appolena">Appolena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragokome" title="Aragokome">Aragokome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araukome" title="Araukome">Araukome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadiopolis_in_Asia" title="Arcadiopolis in Asia">Arcadiopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arilla_(Lydia)" title="Arilla (Lydia)">Arilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aroma_(Caria)" title="Aroma (Caria)">Aroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspaneus" title="Aspaneus">Aspaneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astragon_(Caria)" title="Astragon (Caria)">Astragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astyra_(Aeolis)" title="Astyra (Aeolis)">Astyra near Adramyttium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astyra_(near_Pergamon)" title="Astyra (near Pergamon)">Astyra near Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astyria" title="Astyria">Astyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atarneus" title="Atarneus">Atarneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atarneus_sub_Pitanem" title="Atarneus sub Pitanem">Atarneus sub Pitanem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attea" title="Attea">Attea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attuda" title="Attuda">Attuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustopolis_in_Phrygia" title="Augustopolis in Phrygia">Augustopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulae_(Caria)" title="Aulae (Caria)">Aulae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelia_Neapolis" title="Aurelia Neapolis">Aurelia Neapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aureliopolis_in_Lydia" title="Aureliopolis in Lydia">Aureliopolis in Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurokra" title="Aurokra">Aurokra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bageis" title="Bageis">Bageis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargasa" title="Bargasa">Bargasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargasa_(northern_Caria)" title="Bargasa (northern Caria)">Bargasa in northern Caria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargylia" title="Bargylia">Bargylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beudos" title="Beudos">Beudos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beycesultan" title="Beycesultan">Beycesultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birgena" title="Birgena">Birgena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaundus" title="Blaundus">Blaundus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonitai" title="Bonitai">Bonitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boukolion" title="Boukolion">Boukolion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutheia" title="Boutheia">Boutheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briula" title="Briula">Briula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruzus" title="Bruzus">Bruzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bybassus" title="Bybassus">Bybassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadi_(Phrygia)" title="Cadi (Phrygia)">Cadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callipolis_(Caria)" title="Callipolis (Caria)">Callipolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caloe" title="Caloe">Caloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canae" title="Canae">Canae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carene_(Mysia)" title="Carene (Mysia)">Carene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmylessus" title="Carmylessus">Carmylessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carura" title="Carura">Carura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryanda" title="Caryanda">Caryanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castabus" title="Castabus">Castabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casystes" title="Casystes">Casystes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedreae" title="Cedreae">Cedreae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celaenae" title="Celaenae">Celaenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramus" title="Ceramus">Ceramus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcetor" title="Chalcetor">Chalcetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choria" title="Choria">Choria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysaoris" title="Chrysaoris">Chrysaoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chytrium" title="Chytrium">Chytrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cidramus" title="Cidramus">Cidramus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cindye" title="Cindye">Cindye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisthene_(Mysia)" title="Cisthene (Mysia)">Cisthene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannuda" title="Clannuda">Clannuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claros" title="Claros">Claros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colophon_(city)" title="Colophon (city)">Colophon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossae" title="Colossae">Colossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conium_(Phrygia)" title="Conium (Phrygia)">Conium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coryphas" title="Coryphas">Coryphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybeleia" title="Cybeleia">Cybeleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyllandus" title="Cyllandus">Cyllandus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyme_(Aeolis)" title="Cyme (Aeolis)">Cyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daldis" title="Daldis">Daldis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dareioukome" title="Dareioukome">Dareioukome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dideiphyta" title="Dideiphyta">Dideiphyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didyma" title="Didyma">Didyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digda" title="Digda">Digda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioclea_(Phrygia)" title="Dioclea (Phrygia)">Dioclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysiopolis" title="Dionysiopolis">Dionysiopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dios_Hieron_(Ionia)" title="Dios Hieron (Ionia)">Dios Hieron in Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dios_Hieron_(Lydia)" title="Dios Hieron (Lydia)">Dios Hieron in Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioskome" title="Dioskome">Dioskome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docimium" title="Docimium">Docimium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doroukome" title="Doroukome">Doroukome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eibeos" title="Eibeos">Eibeos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiokome" title="Eiokome">Eiokome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaea_(Aeolis)" title="Elaea (Aeolis)">Elaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eluza" title="Eluza">Eluza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embatum" title="Embatum">Embatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoddi" title="Emoddi">Emoddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erines" title="Erines">Erines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythrae" title="Erythrae">Erythrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythras_(Ionia)" title="Erythras (Ionia)">Erythras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etsyena" title="Etsyena">Etsyena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euaza" title="Euaza">Euaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eukarpia" title="Eukarpia">Eukarpia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euhippe" title="Euhippe">Euhippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumeneia" title="Eumeneia">Eumeneia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromus" title="Euromus">Euromus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthenae" title="Euthenae">Euthenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euxine_(Caria)" title="Euxine (Caria)">Euxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambrium" title="Gambrium">Gambrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerga" title="Gerga">Gerga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gergitha" title="Gergitha">Gergitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerriadai" title="Gerriadai">Gerriadai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glauke_(Ionia)" title="Glauke (Ionia)">Glauke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gryneium" title="Gryneium">Gryneium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halicarnassus" title="Halicarnassus">Halicarnassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halisarna" title="Halisarna">Halisarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpasa" title="Harpasa">Harpasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helos_(Ionia)" title="Helos (Ionia)">Helos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_at_Latmus" title="Heraclea at Latmus">Heraclea at Latmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_(Aeolis)" title="Heraclea (Aeolis)">Heraclea in Aeolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_(Lydia)" title="Heraclea (Lydia)">Heraclea in Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Salbace" title="Heraclea Salbace">Heraclea Salbace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermocapelia" title="Hermocapelia">Hermocapelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierapolis" title="Hierapolis">Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierapolis_(Phrygian_Pentapolis)" title="Hierapolis (Phrygian Pentapolis)">Hieropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierocaesarea" title="Hierocaesarea">Hierocaesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homadena" title="Homadena">Homadena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydai" title="Hydai">Hydai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydas" title="Hydas">Hydas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydissus" title="Hydissus">Hydissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygassos" title="Hygassos">Hygassos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyllarima" title="Hyllarima">Hyllarima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypaepa" title="Hypaepa">Hypaepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypokremnos" title="Hypokremnos">Hypokremnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrcanis_(Lydia)" title="Hyrcanis (Lydia)">Hyrcanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iasos" title="Iasos">Iasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaza" title="Iaza">Iaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idyma" title="Idyma">Idyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioniapolis" title="Ioniapolis">Ioniapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioudda" title="Ioudda">Ioudda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipsus" title="Ipsus">Ipsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isindus" title="Isindus">Isinda in Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskome" title="Iskome">Iskome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadyie" title="Kadyie">Kadyie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaira_(Lydia)" title="Kaira (Lydia)">Kaira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalabantia" title="Kalabantia">Kalabantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasara_(Caria)" title="Kasara (Caria)">Kasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasossos" title="Kasossos">Kasossos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaualena" title="Kaualena">Kaualena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaunos" title="Kaunos">Kaunos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaymak%C3%A7%C4%B1_Tepe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaymakçı Tepe">Kaymakçı Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilaraza" title="Kilaraza">Kilaraza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildara" title="Kildara">Kildara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klazomenai" title="Klazomenai">Klazomenai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleimaka" title="Kleimaka">Kleimaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleros_Politike" title="Kleros Politike">Kleros Politike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knidos" title="Knidos">Knidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koddinou_Petra" title="Koddinou Petra">Koddinou Petra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koraia" title="Koraia">Koraia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korakoe" title="Korakoe">Korakoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koresa" title="Koresa">Koresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kouara" title="Kouara">Kouara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyllene_(Aeolis)" title="Kyllene (Aeolis)">Kyllene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kymnissa" title="Kymnissa">Kymnissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kys_(Caria)" title="Kys (Caria)">Kys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labraunda" title="Labraunda">Labraunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagina" title="Lagina">Lagina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalandos" title="Lalandos">Lalandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamyana" title="Lamyana">Lamyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lankena" title="Lankena">Lankena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laodicea_on_the_Lycus" title="Laodicea on the Lycus">Laodicea on the Lycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larisa_(Caria)" title="Larisa (Caria)">Larisa in Caria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larisa_(Ionia)" title="Larisa (Ionia)">Larisa in Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larisa_(Lydia)" title="Larisa (Lydia)">Larisa in Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larissa_Phrikonis" title="Larissa Phrikonis">Larissa Phrikonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larymna_(Caria)" title="Larymna (Caria)">Larymna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasnedda" title="Lasnedda">Lasnedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latmus_(town)" title="Latmus (town)">Latmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebedus" title="Lebedus">Lebedus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leimon" title="Leimon">Leimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucae_(Ionia)" title="Leucae (Ionia)">Leucae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucophrys" title="Leucophrys">Leucophrys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limantepe" title="Limantepe">Limantepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobolda" title="Lobolda">Lobolda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loryma" title="Loryma">Loryma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunda_(Asia_Minor)" title="Lunda (Asia Minor)">Lunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydae" title="Lydae">Lydae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrna" title="Lyrna">Lyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysimachia_(Mysia)" title="Lysimachia (Mysia)">Lysimachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madnasa" title="Madnasa">Madnasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maeandropolis" title="Maeandropolis">Maeandropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesia_ad_Sipylum" title="Magnesia ad Sipylum">Magnesia ad Sipylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesia_on_the_Maeander" title="Magnesia on the Maeander">Magnesia on the Maeander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiboza" title="Maiboza">Maiboza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maionia_in_Lydia" title="Maionia in Lydia">Maionia in Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malene" title="Malene">Malene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathesium" title="Marathesium">Marathesium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastaura_(Caria)" title="Mastaura (Caria)">Mastaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiros" title="Meiros">Meiros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiros_Megale" title="Meiros Megale">Meiros Megale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melampagos" title="Melampagos">Melampagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meloukome" title="Meloukome">Meloukome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(Anatolia)" title="Metropolis (Anatolia)">Metropolis in Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(southern_Phrygia)" title="Metropolis (southern Phrygia)">Metropolis in southern Phrygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milas" title="Milas">Mylasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobolla" title="Mobolla">Mobolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokolda" title="Mokolda">Mokolda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossyna" title="Mossyna">Mossyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostene" title="Mostene">Mostene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motella" title="Motella">Motella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myloukome" title="Myloukome">Myloukome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myndus" title="Myndus">Myndus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrina_(Aeolis)" title="Myrina (Aeolis)">Myrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myus" title="Myus">Myus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nais_(Lydia)" title="Nais (Lydia)">Nais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasos" title="Nasos">Nasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naulochon" title="Naulochon">Naulochon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naulochus_(Ionia)" title="Naulochus (Ionia)">Naulochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxia_(Caria)" title="Naxia (Caria)">Naxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolis_(Caria)" title="Neapolis (Caria)">Neapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neonteichos" title="Neonteichos">Neonteichos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisyra" title="Nisyra">Nisyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notion_(ancient_city)" title="Notion (ancient city)">Notion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum_(Caria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nymphaeum (Caria)">Nymphaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nysa_on_the_Maeander" title="Nysa on the Maeander">Nysa on the Maeander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odon_(Lydia)" title="Odon (Lydia)">Odon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenoanda" title="Oenoanda">Oenoanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaeis" title="Olaeis">Olaeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olymos" title="Olymos">Olymos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroanna" title="Oroanna">Oroanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthosia_(Caria)" title="Orthosia (Caria)">Orthoisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortygia_(Ionia)" title="Ortygia (Ionia)">Ortygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otrus" title="Otrus">Otrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaemyndus" title="Palaemyndus">Palaemyndus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeopolis_(Lydia)" title="Palaeopolis (Lydia)">Palaeopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasion" title="Panasion">Panasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panormus_(Caria)" title="Panormus (Caria)">Panormus near Miletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panormus_(Halicarnassus)" title="Panormus (Halicarnassus)">Panormus near Halicarnassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsada" title="Parsada">Parsada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenium_(Mysia)" title="Parthenium (Mysia)">Parthenium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passala" title="Passala">Passala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passanda" title="Passanda">Passanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedasa" title="Pedasa">Pedasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peltae" title="Peltae">Peltae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepuza" title="Pepuza">Pepuza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perperene" title="Perperene">Perperene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_(Lydia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia (Lydia)">Philadelphia in Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phocaea" title="Phocaea">Phocaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(Caria)" title="Phoenix (Caria)">Phoenix in Caria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmaris" title="Marmaris">Physcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyteia" title="Phyteia">Phyteia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidasa" title="Pidasa">Pidasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinara" title="Pinara">Pinara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisilis" title="Pisilis">Pisilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisye" title="Pisye">Pisye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitane_(Aeolis)" title="Pitane (Aeolis)">Pitane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pladasa" title="Pladasa">Pladasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plarasa" title="Plarasa">Plarasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polichna_(Ionia)" title="Polichna (Ionia)">Polichna in Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polichne_(Ionia)" title="Polichne (Ionia)">Polichne in Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybotus" title="Polybotus">Polybotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pordoselene" title="Pordoselene">Pordoselene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priene" title="Priene">Priene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prymnessus" title="Prymnessus">Prymnessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pteleum_(Ionia)" title="Pteleum (Ionia)">Pteleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pydnae" title="Pydnae">Pydnae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygela" title="Pygela">Pygela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrnus_(Caria)" title="Pyrnus (Caria)">Pyrnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrha_(Caria)" title="Pyrrha (Caria)">Pyrrha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saouenda" title="Saouenda">Saouenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satala_in_Lydia" title="Satala in Lydia">Satala in Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebaste_(Phrygia)" title="Sebaste (Phrygia)">Sebaste in Phrygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastopolis_(Caria)" title="Sebastopolis (Caria)">Sebastopolis in Caria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setae_(Lydia)" title="Setae (Lydia)">Setae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_(Caria)" title="Side (Caria)">Side in Caria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidussa" title="Sidussa">Sidussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silandus" title="Silandus">Silandus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillyos" title="Sillyos">Sillyos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion_(Asia_Minor)" title="Sion (Asia Minor)">Sion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skolopoeis" title="Skolopoeis">Skolopoeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soa_(Phrygia)" title="Soa (Phrygia)">Soa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spore_(Phrygia)" title="Spore (Phrygia)">Spore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadia_(Caria)" title="Stadia (Caria)">Stadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stectorium" title="Stectorium">Stectorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratonicea_(Lydia)" title="Stratonicea (Lydia)">Stratonicea in Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratonicea_(Caria)" title="Stratonicea (Caria)">Stratonicea in Caria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strobilos" title="Strobilos">Strobilos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syangela" title="Syangela">Syangela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbra" title="Symbra">Symbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Synaus">Synaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syneta_(Caria)" title="Syneta (Caria)">Syneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synnada" title="Synnada">Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrna_(Caria)" title="Syrna (Caria)">Syrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabae" title="Tabae">Tabae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabala_(Lydia)" title="Tabala (Lydia)">Tabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tateikome" title="Tateikome">Tateikome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taza_(Lydia)" title="Taza (Lydia)">Taza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teichiussa" title="Teichiussa">Teichiussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telandrus" title="Telandrus">Telandrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temenothyra" title="Temenothyra">Temenothyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temnos" title="Temnos">Temnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempsis" title="Tempsis">Tempsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendeba" title="Tendeba">Tendeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teos" title="Teos">Teos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termera" title="Termera">Termera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuthrania" title="Teuthrania">Teuthrania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thasthara" title="Thasthara">Thasthara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theangela" title="Theangela">Theangela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebe_Hypoplakia" title="Thebe Hypoplakia">Thebe Hypoplakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebes_(Ionia)" title="Thebes (Ionia)">Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thera_(Caria)" title="Thera (Caria)">Thera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyaira" title="Thyaira">Thyaira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyatira" title="Thyatira">Thyatira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymbrara" title="Thymbrara">Thymbrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyssanus" title="Thyssanus">Thyssanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisna" title="Tisna">Tisna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlos_(Caria)" title="Tlos (Caria)">Tlos in Caria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomara_(Lydia)" title="Tomara (Lydia)">Tomara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traianopolis_(Phrygia)" title="Traianopolis (Phrygia)">Traianopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapezopolis" title="Trapezopolis">Trapezopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trarium" title="Trarium">Trarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triopium" title="Triopium">Triopium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolis_on_the_Meander" title="Tripolis on the Meander">Tripolis on the Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troketta" title="Troketta">Troketta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyanollos" title="Tyanollos">Tyanollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tymion" title="Tymion">Tymion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tymnos" title="Tymnos">Tymnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ula_(Caria)" title="Ula (Caria)">Ula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_(Caria)" title="Uranium (Caria)">Uranium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemmeana" title="Zemmeana">Zemmeana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingotos_Kome" title="Zingotos Kome">Zingotos Kome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_region" title="Black Sea region">Black Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abonoteichos" title="Abonoteichos">Abonoteichos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegialus" title="Aegialus">Aegialus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiginetes" title="Aiginetes">Aiginetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaca_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Alaca Höyük">Alaca Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasya" title="Amasya">Amasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasra" title="Amasra">Amastris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancon_(Pontus)" title="Ancon (Pontus)">Ancon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticinolis" title="Anticinolis">Anticinolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyria_(Pontus)" title="Argyria (Pontus)">Argyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armene" title="Armene">Armene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenae_(Pontus)" title="Athenae (Pontus)">Athenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berissa" title="Berissa">Berissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonita_(Paphlagonia)" title="Bonita (Paphlagonia)">Bonita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boon_(Pontus)" title="Boon (Pontus)">Boon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabira" title="Cabira">Cabira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cales_(Bithynia)" title="Cales (Bithynia)">Cales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callistratia" title="Callistratia">Callistratia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carambis" title="Carambis">Carambis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carissa_(Galatia)" title="Carissa (Galatia)">Carissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carussa" title="Carussa">Carussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerasus_(near_Trapezus)" title="Cerasus (near Trapezus)">Cerasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadisia" title="Chadisia">Chadisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinolis" title="Cinolis">Cinolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cizari" title="Cizari">Cizari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonia_in_Armenia" title="Colonia in Armenia">Colonia in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colussa" title="Colussa">Colussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comana_Pontica" title="Comana Pontica">Comana in the Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coralla" title="Coralla">Coralla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordyle" title="Cordyle">Cordyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cratia_(Bithynia)" title="Cratia (Bithynia)">Cratia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crenides_(Bithynia)" title="Crenides (Bithynia)">Crenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromen" title="Cromen">Cromen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromna_(Paphlagonia)" title="Cromna (Paphlagonia)">Cromna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyptasia" title="Cyptasia">Cyptasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytorus" title="Cytorus">Cytorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dia_(Bithynia)" title="Dia (Bithynia)">Dia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacopa" title="Diacopa">Diacopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeus_(Bithynia)" title="Elaeus (Bithynia)">Elaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeira" title="Endeira">Endeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythini" title="Erythini">Erythini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchaita" title="Euchaita">Euchaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusene" title="Eusene">Eusene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadilon" title="Gadilon">Gadilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garius" title="Garius">Garius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garzoubanthon" title="Garzoubanthon">Garzoubanthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaziura" title="Gaziura">Gaziura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gozalena" title="Gozalena">Gozalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrianopolis_in_Paphlagonia" title="Hadrianopolis in Paphlagonia">Hadrianopolis in Paphlagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa">Hattusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea Pontica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleium_(Pontus)" title="Heracleium (Pontus)">Heracleium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermonassa_(Pontus)" title="Hermonassa (Pontus)">Hermonassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieron_Oros" title="Hieron Oros">Hieron Oros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyindede_Tepe" title="Hüseyindede Tepe">Hüseyindede Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyssus" title="Hyssus">Hyssus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibora" title="Ibora">Ibora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ischopolis" title="Ischopolis">Ischopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karza" title="Karza">Karza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelesa" title="Kelesa">Kelesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimista" title="Kimista">Kimista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladik" title="Ladik">Laodicea Pontica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libiopolis" title="Libiopolis">Libiopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillium" title="Lillium">Lillium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metroon_(Bithynia)" title="Metroon (Bithynia)">Metroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokata" title="Mokata">Mokata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naustathmus_(Pontus)" title="Naustathmus (Pontus)">Naustathmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerik" title="Nerik">Nerik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicopolis_(Armenia)" title="Nicopolis (Armenia)">Nicopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophis_(Pontus)" title="Ophis (Pontus)">Ophis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxinas" title="Oxinas">Oxinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patara_(Cappadocia)" title="Patara (Cappadocia)">Patara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giresun" title="Giresun">Pharnacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phazemon" title="Phazemon">Phazemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philocaleia" title="Philocaleia">Philocaleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pida_(Pontus)" title="Pida (Pontus)">Pida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimolisa" title="Pimolisa">Pimolisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatsa" title="Fatsa">Polemonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeiopolis" title="Pompeiopolis">Pompeiopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potami_(Paphlagonia)" title="Potami (Paphlagonia)">Potami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prusias_ad_Hypium" title="Prusias ad Hypium">Prusias ad Hypium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pteria_(Paphlagonia)" title="Pteria (Paphlagonia)">Pteria in Paphlagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salatiwara" title="Salatiwara">Salatiwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuha">Samuha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandaraca" title="Sandaraca">Sandaraca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapinuwa" title="Sapinuwa">Sapinuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satala" title="Satala">Satala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurania" title="Saurania">Saurania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulusaray" title="Sulusaray">Sebastopolis in Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephane_(Paphlagonia)" title="Stephane (Paphlagonia)">Stephane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syderos" title="Syderos">Syderos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themiscyra_(Pontus)" title="Themiscyra (Pontus)">Themiscyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymena" title="Thymena">Thymena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timolaeum" title="Timolaeum">Timolaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tium" title="Tium">Tium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolis_(Pontus)" title="Tripolis (Pontus)">Tripolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virasia" title="Virasia">Virasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaz%C4%B1l%C4%B1kaya" title="Yazılıkaya">Yazılıkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagorus" title="Zagorus">Zagorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaliche" title="Zaliche">Zaliche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyrium_(Paphlagonia)" title="Zephyrium (Paphlagonia)">Zephyrium in Paphlagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziporea" title="Ziporea">Ziporea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_region" title="Central Anatolia region">Central Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abouadeineita" title="Abouadeineita">Abouadeineita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali%C5%9Far_H%C3%BCy%C3%BCk" title="Alişar Hüyük">Alişar Hüyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblada" title="Amblada">Amblada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anadynata" title="Anadynata">Anadynata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beypazar%C4%B1" title="Beypazarı">Anastasiopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andabalis" title="Andabalis">Andabalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisa" title="Anisa">Anisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anniaca" title="Anniaca">Anniaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoniopolis_(Paphlagonia)" title="Antoniopolis (Paphlagonia)">Antoniopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzoulada" title="Anzoulada">Anzoulada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquae_Saravenae" title="Aquae Saravenae">Aquae Saravenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aralla" title="Aralla">Aralla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arasaxa" title="Arasaxa">Arasaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archalla" title="Archalla">Archalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardistama" title="Ardistama">Ardistama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariaramneia" title="Ariaramneia">Ariaramneia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathia" title="Ariarathia">Ariarathia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armaxa" title="Armaxa">Armaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artiknos" title="Artiknos">Artiknos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspenzinsos" title="Aspenzinsos">Aspenzinsos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_(Isauria)" title="Astra (Isauria)">Astra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atenia_(Pisidia)" title="Atenia (Pisidia)">Atenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbissa" title="Balbissa">Balbissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balgatia" title="Balgatia">Balgatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barate" title="Barate">Barate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathys_Rhyax" title="Bathys Rhyax">Bathys Rhyax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binbirkilise" title="Binbirkilise">Binbirkilise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blucium" title="Blucium">Blucium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borissos" title="Borissos">Borissos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campae" title="Campae">Campae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camuliana" title="Camuliana">Camuliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candara_(Paphlagonia)" title="Candara (Paphlagonia)">Candara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carus_Vicus" title="Carus Vicus">Carus Vicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Çatalhöyük">Çatalhöyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimiata" title="Cimiata">Cimiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciscissus" title="Ciscissus">Ciscissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinna_(Galatia)" title="Cinna (Galatia)">Cinna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claneus" title="Claneus">Claneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitanassus" title="Comitanassus">Comitanassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congustus" title="Congustus">Congustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corna_(Lycaonia)" title="Corna (Lycaonia)">Corna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corniaspa" title="Corniaspa">Corniaspa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coropassus" title="Coropassus">Coropassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotenna" title="Cotenna">Cotenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybistra" title="Cybistra">Cybistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyzistra" title="Cyzistra">Cyzistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadastana" title="Dadastana">Dadastana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasmenda" title="Dasmenda">Dasmenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbe" title="Derbe">Derbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocaesarea_(Cappadocia)" title="Diocaesarea (Cappadocia)">Diocaesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doara" title="Doara">Doara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dometiopolis" title="Dometiopolis">Dometiopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorylaeum" title="Dorylaeum">Dorylaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdaumava" title="Ecdaumava">Ecdaumava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecobriga" title="Ecobriga">Ecobriga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergobrotis" title="Ergobrotis">Ergobrotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euaissa" title="Euaissa">Euaissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudocia_(Cappadocia)" title="Eudocia (Cappadocia)">Eudocia (Cappadocia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudocia_(Phrygia)" title="Eudocia (Phrygia)">Eudocia (Phrygia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulepa" title="Eulepa">Eulepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustinopolis" title="Faustinopolis">Faustinopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germa_(Galatia)" title="Germa (Galatia)">Germa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorbeus" title="Gorbeus">Gorbeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordium">Gordium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrianopolis_(Phrygia)" title="Hadrianopolis (Phrygia)">Hadrianopolis in Phrygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Cybistra" title="Heraclea Cybistra">Heraclea Cybistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpha" title="Herpha">Herpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieropotamon" title="Hieropotamon">Hieropotamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homana" title="Homana">Homana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_(Cappadocia)" title="Hyde (Cappadocia)">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilistra" title="Ilistra">Ilistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenopolis_(Isauria)" title="Irenopolis (Isauria)">Irenopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isauropolis" title="Isauropolis">Isauropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliopolis" title="Juliopolis">Juliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaman-Kaleh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Kaman-Kalehöyük">Kaman-Kalehöyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanotala" title="Kanotala">Kanotala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbala_(Cappadocia)" title="Karbala (Cappadocia)">Karbala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keissia" title="Keissia">Keissia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerkenes" title="Kerkenes">Kerkenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilistra" title="Kilistra">Kilistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindyria" title="Kindyria">Kindyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobara" title="Kobara">Kobara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodylessos" title="Kodylessos">Kodylessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korama" title="Korama">Korama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koron_(Cappadocia)" title="Koron (Cappadocia)">Koron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCltepe" title="Kültepe">Kültepe</a> (Kanesh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lageina" title="Lageina">Lageina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamatorma" title="Lamatorma">Lamatorma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laodicea_Combusta" title="Laodicea Combusta">Laodicea Combusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laroumada" title="Laroumada">Laroumada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauzadus" title="Lauzadus">Lauzadus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnae_(Cappadocia)" title="Limnae (Cappadocia)">Limnae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lystra" title="Lystra">Lystra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malandasa" title="Malandasa">Malandasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malus_(Galatia)" title="Malus (Galatia)">Malus in Galatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malus_(Phrygia)" title="Malus (Phrygia)">Malus in Phrygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melo%C3%AB_(Isauria)" title="Meloë (Isauria)">Meloë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(northern_Phrygia)" title="Metropolis (northern Phrygia)">Metropolis in northern Phrygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midaeium" title="Midaeium">Midaeium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistea" title="Mistea">Mistea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnizus" title="Mnizus">Mnizus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokissos" title="Mokissos">Mokissos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourisa" title="Mourisa">Mourisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moutalaske" title="Moutalaske">Moutalaske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musbanda" title="Musbanda">Musbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrika" title="Myrika">Myrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakoleia" title="Nakoleia">Nakoleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazianzus" title="Nazianzus">Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitazi" title="Nitazi">Nitazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_(Cappadocia)" title="Nora (Cappadocia)">Nora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyssa_(Cappadocia)" title="Nyssa (Cappadocia)">Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochras" title="Ochras">Ochras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olosada" title="Olosada">Olosada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcistus" title="Orcistus">Orcistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papirion" title="Papirion">Papirion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnassus_(Cappadocia)" title="Parnassus (Cappadocia)">Parnassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedachto%C3%AB" title="Pedachtoë">Pedachtoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedaia" title="Pedaia">Pedaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peium" title="Peium">Peium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perta_(Lycaonia)" title="Perta (Lycaonia)">Perta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pessinus" title="Pessinus">Pessinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharax" title="Pharax">Pharax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlara" title="Phlara">Phlara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillitokome" title="Pillitokome">Pillitokome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pissia" title="Pissia">Pissia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithoi_(Lycaonia)" title="Pithoi (Lycaonia)">Pithoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontanena" title="Pontanena">Pontanena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posala" title="Posala">Posala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pteria_(Cappadocia)" title="Pteria (Cappadocia)">Pteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushanda" title="Purushanda">Purushanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrgoi_(Lycaonia)" title="Pyrgoi (Lycaonia)">Pyrgoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadagolthina" title="Sadagolthina">Sadagolthina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamboreia" title="Salamboreia">Salamboreia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salarama" title="Salarama">Salarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasima" title="Sasima">Sasima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savatra" title="Savatra">Savatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sbida" title="Sbida">Sbida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedasa" title="Sedasa">Sedasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senzousa" title="Senzousa">Senzousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sereana" title="Sereana">Sereana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibora" title="Sibora">Sibora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidamaria" title="Sidamaria">Sidamaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandos" title="Skandos">Skandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soanda" title="Soanda">Soanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soandos" title="Soandos">Soandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sora_(Anatolia)" title="Sora (Anatolia)">Sora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takourtha" title="Takourtha">Takourtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavium" title="Tavium">Tavium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebasa" title="Thebasa">Thebasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thouththourbia" title="Thouththourbia">Thouththourbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberiopolis" title="Tiberiopolis">Tiberiopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trocmades" title="Trocmades">Trocmades</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynna" title="Tynna">Tynna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyriaeum" title="Tyriaeum">Tyriaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasada" title="Vasada">Vasada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verinopolis" title="Verinopolis">Verinopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeita_(Anatolia)" title="Zeita (Anatolia)">Zeita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zizima" title="Zizima">Zizima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_region" title="Eastern Anatolia region">Eastern Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt%C4%B1ntepe" title="Altıntepe">Altıntepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ani" title="Ani">Ani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsamosata" title="Arsamosata">Arsamosata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafer_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Cafer Höyük">Cafer Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camachus" title="Camachus">Camachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citharizum" title="Citharizum">Citharizum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadima" title="Dadima">Dadima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinianopolis_in_Armenia" title="Justinianopolis in Armenia">Justinianopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melid" class="mw-redirect" title="Melid">Melid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugunia" title="Sugunia">Sugunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Theodosiopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tushpa" title="Tushpa">Tushpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marmara_region" title="Marmara region">Marmara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abarnis" title="Abarnis">Abarnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abydos_(Hellespont)" title="Abydos (Hellespont)">Abydos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaiion" title="Achaiion">Achaiion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilleion_(Troad)" title="Achilleion (Troad)">Achilleion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad_Statuas_(Thrace)" title="Ad Statuas (Thrace)">Ad Statuas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrasteia_(Mysia)" title="Adrasteia (Mysia)">Adrasteia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegospotami" title="Aegospotami">Aegospotami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agora_(Thrace)" title="Agora (Thrace)">Agora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aianteion_(Thrace)" title="Aianteion (Thrace)">Aianteion in Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aianteion_(Troad)" title="Aianteion (Troad)">Aianteion in the Troad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enez" title="Enez">Ainos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Troas" title="Alexandria Troas">Alexandria Troas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopeconnesus" title="Alopeconnesus">Alopeconnesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammoi" title="Ammoi">Ammoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amycus_(Bithynia)" title="Amycus (Bithynia)">Amycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaplous" title="Anaplous">Anaplous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apamea_Myrlea" title="Apamea Myrlea">Apamea Myrlea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodisias_(Thrace)" title="Aphrodisias (Thrace)">Aphrodisias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_ad_Rhyndacum" title="Apollonia ad Rhyndacum">Apollonia on the Rhyndacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aprus_(Thrace)" title="Aprus (Thrace)">Aprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apsoda" title="Apsoda">Apsoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeila" title="Arbeila">Arbeila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argiza" title="Argiza">Argiza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyria_(Troad)" title="Argyria (Troad)">Argyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyronion" title="Argyronion">Argyronion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyropolis_(Thrace)" title="Argyropolis (Thrace)">Argyropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arisba" title="Arisba">Arisba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artace_(Mysia)" title="Artace (Mysia)">Artace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaiouteichos" title="Artaiouteichos">Artaiouteichos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artanes_(Bithynia)" title="Artanes (Bithynia)">Artanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assos" title="Assos">Assos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astacus_(Bithynia)" title="Astacus (Bithynia)">Astacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astyra_(Troad)" title="Astyra (Troad)">Astyra in Troad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athyras" title="Athyras">Athyras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aureliane" title="Aureliane">Aureliane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aureliopolis_in_Asia" title="Aureliopolis in Asia">Aureliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baradendromia" title="Baradendromia">Baradendromia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baris_in_Hellesponto" title="Baris in Hellesponto">Baris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Therma_(Bithynia)" title="Basilica Therma (Bithynia)">Basilica Therma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilinopolis" title="Basilinopolis">Basilinopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathonea" title="Bathonea">Bathonea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathys_Limen" title="Bathys Limen">Bathys Limen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beodizo" title="Beodizo">Beodizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergule" title="Bergule">Bergule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birytis" title="Birytis">Birytis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisanthe" title="Bisanthe">Bisanthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitenas" title="Bitenas">Bitenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithynium" title="Bithynium">Bithynium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blachernae" title="Blachernae">Blachernae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolos_(Thrace)" title="Bolos (Thrace)">Bolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boradion" title="Boradion">Boradion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunca_(Bithynia)" title="Brunca (Bithynia)">Brunca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burtudizon" title="Burtudizon">Burtudizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bythias" class="mw-redirect" title="Bythias">Bythias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzapena" title="Byzapena">Byzapena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caenophrurium" title="Caenophrurium">Caenophrurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callum_(Thrace)" title="Callum (Thrace)">Callum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calpe_(Bithynia)" title="Calpe (Bithynia)">Calpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canopus_(Thrace)" title="Canopus (Thrace)">Canopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardia_(Thrace)" title="Cardia (Thrace)">Cardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebrene" title="Cebrene">Cebrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenchreae_(Troad)" title="Cenchreae (Troad)">Cenchreae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenon_Gallicanon" title="Cenon Gallicanon">Cenon Gallicanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcaea" title="Chalcaea">Chalcaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedon" title="Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charax_(Bithynia)" title="Charax (Bithynia)">Charax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charmidea" title="Charmidea">Charmidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelae_(Bithynia)" title="Chelae (Bithynia)">Chelae on the Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelae_(Bosphorus)" title="Chelae (Bosphorus)">Chelae on the Asian coast of the Bosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelae_(Thrace)" title="Chelae (Thrace)">Chelae on the European coast of the Bosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choiragria" title="Choiragria">Choiragria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chryse_(Troad)" title="Chryse (Troad)">Chryse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar" title="Üsküdar">Chrysopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cius" title="Cius">Cius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clitae_(Bithynia)" title="Clitae (Bithynia)">Clitae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobrys" title="Cobrys">Cobrys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocylium" title="Cocylium">Cocylium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colla_(Thrace)" title="Colla (Thrace)">Colla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonae_(Hellespont)" title="Colonae (Hellespont)">Colonae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremaste" title="Cremaste">Cremaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crenides_(Bithynia)" title="Crenides (Bithynia)">Crenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cressa_(Thrace)" title="Cressa (Thrace)">Cressa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crithote_(Thrace)" title="Crithote (Thrace)">Crithote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypasis" title="Cypasis">Cypasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypsela_(Thrace)" title="Cypsela (Thrace)">Cypsela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyzicus" title="Cyzicus">Cyzicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadokome" title="Dadokome">Dadokome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacibyza" title="Dacibyza">Dacibyza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damalis" title="Damalis">Damalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne_Mainomene" title="Daphne Mainomene">Daphne Mainomene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphnus_(Bithynia)" title="Daphnus (Bithynia)">Daphnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardanus_(city)" title="Dardanus (city)">Dardanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dascylium" title="Dascylium">Dascylium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dascylium_(Bithynia)" title="Dascylium (Bithynia)">Dascylium in Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekaton_(Bithynia)" title="Dekaton (Bithynia)">Dekaton in Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekaton_(Thrace)" title="Dekaton (Thrace)">Dekaton in Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delkos" title="Delkos">Delkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphin_(Thrace)" title="Delphin (Thrace)">Delphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deris_(Thrace)" title="Deris (Thrace)">Deris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desa_(Bithynia)" title="Desa (Bithynia)">Desa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didymateiche" title="Didymateiche">Didymateiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diolkides" title="Diolkides">Diolkides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drabus" title="Drabus">Drabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drizipara" title="Drizipara">Drizipara/Drusipara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eirakla" title="Eirakla">Eirakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaea_(Bithynia)" title="Elaea (Bithynia)">Elaea in Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeus" title="Elaeus">Elaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elekosmioi" title="Elekosmioi">Elekosmioi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embolos" title="Embolos">Embolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergasteria" title="Ergasteria">Ergasteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eribolum" title="Eribolum">Eribolum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargara" title="Gargara">Gargara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentinos" title="Gentinos">Gentinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gergis_(Troad)" title="Gergis (Troad)">Gergis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germa_(Mysia)" title="Germa (Mysia)">Germa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanicopolis_(Bithynia)" title="Germanicopolis (Bithynia)">Germanicopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadriani_ad_Olympum" title="Hadriani ad Olympum">Hadriani ad Olympum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadriania_(Mysia)" title="Hadriania (Mysia)">Hadriania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrianotherae" title="Hadrianotherae">Hadrianotherae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%9Faliman%C4%B1" title="Paşalimanı">Halone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamaxitus" title="Hamaxitus">Hamaxitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpagion" title="Harpagion">Harpagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bak%C4%B1rk%C3%B6y" title="Bakırköy">Hebdomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenopolis_(Bithynia)" title="Helenopolis (Bithynia)">Helenopolis/Drepanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleium_(Bithynia)" title="Heracleium (Bithynia)">Heracleium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaion" title="Hermaion">Hermaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieria" title="Hieria">Hieria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierion" title="Hierion">Hierion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iasonion" title="Iasonion">Iasonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ide_(Thracian_Chersonese)" title="Ide (Thracian Chersonese)">Ide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilieon_Kome" title="Ilieon Kome">Ilieon Kome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabia" title="Kabia">Kabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamos_(Thrace)" title="Kalamos (Thrace)">Kalamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalasyrta" title="Kalasyrta">Kalasyrta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kale_Peuke" title="Kale Peuke">Kale Peuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalos_Agros" title="Kalos Agros">Kalos Agros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampos_(Thrace)" title="Kampos (Thrace)">Kampos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassa_(Bithynia)" title="Kassa (Bithynia)">Kassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katapaspanas" title="Katapaspanas">Katapaspanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepos" title="Kepos">Kepos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizoura" title="Kizoura">Kizoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koila_(Thrace)" title="Koila (Thrace)">Koila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolonai" title="Kolonai">Kolonai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosilaos" title="Kosilaos">Kosilaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koubaita" title="Koubaita">Koubaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyparodes" title="Kyparodes">Kyparodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kypra" title="Kypra">Kypra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamponeia" title="Lamponeia">Lamponeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampsacus" title="Lampsacus">Lampsacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larisa_(Troad)" title="Larisa (Troad)">Larisa in Troad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasthenes_(Thrace)" title="Lasthenes (Thrace)">Lasthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leptoia" title="Leptoia">Leptoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liada" title="Liada">Liada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libum" title="Libum">Libum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyssa" title="Libyssa">Libyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnae_(Bithynia)" title="Limnae (Bithynia)">Limnae in Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnae_(Thrace)" title="Limnae (Thrace)">Limnae in Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_(Mysia)" title="Linus (Mysia)">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupadium" title="Lupadium">Lupadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Lygos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysimachia_(Thrace)" title="Lysimachia (Thrace)">Lysimachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madytus" title="Madytus">Madytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantineion" title="Mantineion">Mantineion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marpessos" title="Marpessos">Marpessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miletopolis" title="Miletopolis">Miletopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocasura" title="Mocasura">Mocasura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochadion" title="Mochadion">Mochadion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modra_(Bithynia)" title="Modra (Bithynia)">Modra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morzapena" title="Morzapena">Morzapena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossynea" title="Mossynea">Mossynea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moukaporis" title="Moukaporis">Moukaporis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrileion" title="Myrileion">Myrileion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narco_(Thrace)" title="Narco (Thrace)">Narco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassete" title="Nassete">Nassete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nausikleia" title="Nausikleia">Nausikleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nausimachion" title="Nausimachion">Nausimachion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neandreia" title="Neandreia">Neandreia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolis_(Bosphorus)" title="Neapolis (Bosphorus)">Neapolis on the Bosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolis_(Thracian_Chersonese)" title="Neapolis (Thracian Chersonese)">Neapolis on the Thracian Chersonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neonteichos_(Thrace)" title="Neonteichos (Thrace)">Neonteichos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerola_(Bithynia)" title="Nerola (Bithynia)">Nerola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomedia" title="Nicomedia">Nicomedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oka_(Bithynia)" title="Oka (Bithynia)">Oka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontoraita" title="Ontoraita">Ontoraita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophryneion" title="Ophryneion">Ophryneion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orestias" title="Orestias">Orestias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orni" title="Orni">Orni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostreodes" title="Ostreodes">Ostreodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pactya" title="Pactya">Pactya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paeon_(Thrace)" title="Paeon (Thrace)">Paeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paesus" title="Paesus">Paesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palodes" title="Palodes">Palodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panion" title="Panion">Panion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantichium" title="Pantichium">Pantichium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabolos" title="Parabolos">Parabolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parium" title="Parium">Parium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulines_(Thrace)" title="Paulines (Thrace)">Paulines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabiga" title="Karabiga">Pegae in Mysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegae_(Thrace)" title="Pegae (Thrace)">Pegae in Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pege" title="Pege">Pege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentephyle" title="Pentephyle">Pentephyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percote" title="Percote">Percote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pericharaxis" title="Pericharaxis">Pericharaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perinthus" title="Perinthus">Perinthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrozetoi" title="Petrozetoi">Petrozetoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmakia" title="Pharmakia">Pharmakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phidalia_Petra" title="Phidalia Petra">Phidalia Petra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phiela" title="Phiela">Phiela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philia_(Thrace)" title="Philia (Thrace)">Philia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_(Thrace)" title="Phosphorus (Thrace)">Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pionia_(Mysia)" title="Pionia (Mysia)">Pionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitheci_Portus" title="Pitheci Portus">Pitheci Portus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placia" title="Placia">Placia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploketta" title="Ploketta">Ploketta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poemanenum" title="Poemanenum">Poemanenum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poleatikon" title="Poleatikon">Poleatikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polychron" class="mw-redirect" title="Polychron">Polychron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymedium" title="Polymedium">Polymedium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potamoi_(Bithynia)" title="Potamoi (Bithynia)">Potamoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potamonion" title="Potamonion">Potamonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praenetus" title="Praenetus">Praenetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratomysia" title="Pratomysia">Pratomysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepa" title="Prepa">Prepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabiga" title="Karabiga">Priapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prindea" title="Prindea">Prindea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proconnesus_(city)" title="Proconnesus (city)">Proconnesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proochthoi" title="Proochthoi">Proochthoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prusa_(Bithynia)" title="Prusa (Bithynia)">Prusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psarela" title="Psarela">Psarela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyllium_(Bithynia)" title="Psyllium (Bithynia)">Psyllium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhias_Cyon" title="Pyrrhias Cyon">Pyrrhias Cyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pytheion" title="Pytheion">Pytheion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhebas" title="Rhebas">Rhebas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhegion_(Thrace)" title="Rhegion (Thrace)">Rhegion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhesion" title="Rhesion">Rhesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhoiteion" title="Rhoiteion">Rhoiteion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouphinianai" title="Rouphinianai">Rouphinianai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmydessus" title="Salmydessus">Salmydessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangarus" title="Sangarus">Sangarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamandria" title="Scamandria">Scamandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamandrus" title="Scamandrus">Scamandrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scepsis" title="Scepsis">Scepsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylace" title="Scylace">Scylace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylla_(Thrace)" title="Scylla (Thrace)">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selymbria" title="Selymbria">Selymbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semystra" title="Semystra">Semystra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrion_Teichos" title="Serrion Teichos">Serrion Teichos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sestos" title="Sestos">Sestos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigeion" title="Sigeion">Sigeion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirkanos" title="Sirkanos">Sirkanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smintheion" title="Smintheion">Smintheion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soka_(Bithynia)" title="Soka (Bithynia)">Soka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strobilos_(Bithynia)" title="Strobilos (Bithynia)">Strobilos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sykai" title="Sykai">Sykai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syllanta" title="Syllanta">Syllanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpodizo" title="Tarpodizo">Tarpodizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus_(Bithynia)" title="Tarsus (Bithynia)">Tarsus in Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattaios" title="Tattaios">Tattaios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenba" title="Tenba">Tenba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbos" title="Terbos">Terbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesderamoska" title="Tesderamoska">Tesderamoska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrakomia" title="Tetrakomia">Tetrakomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipaso" title="Tipaso">Tipaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragasai" title="Tragasai">Tragasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thynias" title="Thynias">Thynias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traron" title="Traron">Traron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricomia_(Bithynia)" title="Tricomia (Bithynia)">Tricomia in Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hisarlik" class="mw-redirect" title="Hisarlik">Hisarlik</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrodiza" title="Tyrodiza">Tyrodiza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87orlu" title="Çorlu">Tzurulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urisio" title="Urisio">Urisio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsurgae" title="Utsurgae">Utsurgae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeleia" title="Zeleia">Zeleia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_region,_Turkey" title="Mediterranean region, Turkey">Mediterranean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acalissus" title="Acalissus">Acalissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acarassus" title="Acarassus">Acarassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adada_(Pisidia)" title="Adada (Pisidia)">Adada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balabolu" title="Balabolu">Adrasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegae_(Cilicia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegae (Cilicia)">Aegae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrae_(Pisidia)" title="Agrae (Pisidia)">Agrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alalakh" title="Alalakh">Alalakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelas" title="Amelas">Amelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabura_(Pisidia)" title="Anabura (Pisidia)">Anabura in Pisidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anazarbus" title="Anazarbus">Anazarbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchiale" title="Anchiale">Anchiale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andeda" title="Andeda">Andeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Andriaca">Andriaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anemurium" title="Anemurium">Anemurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ano_Kotradis" title="Ano Kotradis">Ano Kotradis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonia_(Syria)" title="Antigonia (Syria)">Antigonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch on the Orontes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antioch_of_Pisidia" title="Antioch of Pisidia">Antioch of Pisidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochia_Lamotis" title="Antiochia Lamotis">Antiochia Lamotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochia_ad_Cragum" title="Antiochia ad Cragum">Antioch on the Cragus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochia_ad_Pyramum" title="Antiochia ad Pyramum">Antioch on the Pyramis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphellus" title="Antiphellus">Antiphellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aperlae" title="Aperlae">Aperlae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodisias_(Cilicia)" title="Aphrodisias (Cilicia)">Aphrodisias of Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Lycia)" title="Apollonia (Lycia)">Apollonia in Lycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabissus" title="Arabissus">Arabissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araxa" title="Araxa">Araxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariassus" title="Ariassus">Ariassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arima_(Cilicia)" title="Arima (Cilicia)">Arima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnabanda" title="Arnabanda">Arnabanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arneae" title="Arneae">Arneae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsada" title="Arsada">Arsada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_(Cilicia)" title="Arsinoe (Cilicia)">Arsinoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artanada" title="Artanada">Artanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arycanda" title="Arycanda">Arycanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspendos" title="Aspendos">Aspendos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augai" title="Augai">Augai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_(Cilicia)" title="Augusta (Cilicia)">Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulae_(Cilicia)" title="Aulae (Cilicia)">Aulae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aunesis" title="Aunesis">Aunesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_al-Hawa_Border_Crossing" title="Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing">Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbura_(Lycia)" title="Balbura (Lycia)">Balbura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baris_(Pisidia)" title="Baris (Pisidia)">Baris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindaios" title="Bindaios">Bindaios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubon_(Lycia)" title="Bubon (Lycia)">Bubon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabassus" title="Cabassus">Cabassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadrema" title="Cadrema">Cadrema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadyanda" title="Cadyanda">Cadyanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callimache" title="Callimache">Callimache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calynda" title="Calynda">Calynda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carallia_(Pamphylia)" title="Carallia (Pamphylia)">Carallia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmylessus" title="Carmylessus">Carmylessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bey%C5%9Fehir" title="Beyşehir">Casae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castabala_(city)" title="Castabala (city)">Castabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceretapa" title="Ceretapa">Ceretapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cestrus" title="Cestrus">Cestrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charadrus" title="Charadrus">Charadrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choma_(Lycia)" title="Choma (Lycia)">Choma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibyra_Mikra" class="mw-redirect" title="Cibyra Mikra">Cibyra Mikra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudiopolis_(Cilicia)" title="Claudiopolis (Cilicia)">Claudiopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colybrassus" title="Colybrassus">Colybrassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comama" title="Comama">Comama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comana_(Cappadocia)" title="Comana (Cappadocia)">Comana in Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comba_(Lycia)" title="Comba (Lycia)">Comba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conana" title="Conana">Conana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanya" title="Alanya">Coracesium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corycium_Antrum" title="Corycium Antrum">Corycium Antrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corycus" title="Corycus">Corycus (Kızkalesi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corydala" title="Corydala">Corydala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremna" title="Cremna">Cremna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretopolis" title="Cretopolis">Cretopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crya" title="Crya">Crya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyaneae" title="Cyaneae">Cyaneae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrrhus" title="Cyrrhus">Cyrrhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedala_(city)" title="Daedala (city)">Daedala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalisandus_(Isauria)" title="Dalisandus (Isauria)">Dalisandus in Isauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalisandus_in_Pamphylia" title="Dalisandus in Pamphylia">Dalisandus in Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damasei" title="Damasei">Damasei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dias_(Lycia)" title="Dias (Lycia)">Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocaesarea_(Isauria)" title="Diocaesarea (Isauria)">Diocaesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domuztepe" title="Domuztepe">Domuztepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaiussa_Sebaste" title="Elaiussa Sebaste">Elaiussa Sebaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbessos" title="Elbessos">Elbessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirzeli" title="Emirzeli">Emirzeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphania_(Cilicia)" title="Epiphania (Cilicia)">Epiphania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erymna" title="Erymna">Erymna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etenna" title="Etenna">Etenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudocia_(Lycia)" title="Eudocia (Lycia)">Eudocia (Lycia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudocias_(Pamphylia)" title="Eudocias (Pamphylia)">Eudocias (Pamphylia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaviopolis_(Cilicia)" title="Flaviopolis (Cilicia)">Flaviopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagae" title="Gagae">Gagae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6zl%C3%BCkule" title="Gözlükule">Gözlükule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacilar" title="Hacilar">Hacilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrianopolis_(Pisidia)" title="Hadrianopolis (Pisidia)">Hadrianopolis in Pisidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halae_(Cilicia)" title="Halae (Cilicia)">Halae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamaxia_(town)" title="Hamaxia (town)">Hamaxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierapolis_in_Isauria" title="Hierapolis in Isauria">Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippucome" title="Hippucome">Hippucome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmi" title="Holmi">Holmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyia" title="Hyia">Hyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idebessos" title="Idebessos">Idebessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idyros" title="Idyros">Idyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iotape" title="Iotape">Iotape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenopolis_(Cilicia)" title="Irenopolis (Cilicia)">Irenopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaura_Nea" title="Isaura Nea">Isaura Nea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaura_Palaea" title="Isaura Palaea">Isaura Palaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isba" title="Isba">Isba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isinda_(Lycia)" title="Isinda (Lycia)">Isinda in Lycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isinda_(Pisidia)" title="Isinda (Pisidia)">Isinda in Pisidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issus_(Cilicia)" title="Issus (Cilicia)">Issus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istlada" title="Istlada">Istlada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliosebaste" title="Juliosebaste">Juliosebaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanthia" title="Kalanthia">Kalanthia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalelibelen" title="Kalelibelen">Kalelibelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyba" title="Kandyba">Kandyba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanytelis" title="Kanytelis">Kanytelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakabakl%C4%B1" title="Karakabaklı">Karakabaklı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karatepe" title="Karatepe">Karatepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkabo" title="Karkabo">Karkabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastellon" title="Kastellon">Kastellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendema" title="Kendema">Kendema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraia_(Pisidia)" title="Keraia (Pisidia)">Keraia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibyra">Kibyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiphisos" title="Kiphisos">Kiphisos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkota" title="Kirkota">Kirkota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitanaura" title="Kitanaura">Kitanaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodroula" title="Kodroula">Kodroula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolbasa" title="Kolbasa">Kolbasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korasion" title="Korasion">Korasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korma_(Lycia)" title="Korma (Lycia)">Korma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kynosarion" title="Kynosarion">Kynosarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laertes_(Cilicia)" title="Laertes (Cilicia)">Laertes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagbe" title="Lagbe">Lagbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamos_(Cilicia)" title="Lamos (Cilicia)">Lamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayak%C3%B6y" title="Kayaköy">Lebessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legeita" title="Legeita">Legeita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnae_(Pamphylia)" title="Limnae (Pamphylia)">Limnae in Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnae_in_Pisidia" title="Limnae in Pisidia">Limnae in Pisidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limyra" title="Limyra">Limyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lissa_(Lycia)" title="Lissa (Lycia)">Lissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycae" title="Lycae">Lycae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrbe" title="Lyrbe">Lyrbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysinia" title="Lysinia">Lysinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magarsa" title="Magarsa">Magarsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magastara" title="Magastara">Magastara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magydus" title="Magydus">Magydus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallus_(Cilicia)" title="Mallus (Cilicia)">Mallus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malus_(Pisidia)" title="Malus (Pisidia)">Malus in Pisidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mampsoukrenai" title="Mampsoukrenai">Mampsoukrenai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamure_Castle" title="Mamure Castle">Mamure Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manava_(Pamphylia)" title="Manava (Pamphylia)">Manava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandane_(Cilicia)" title="Mandane (Cilicia)">Mandane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marciana_(Lycia)" title="Marciana (Lycia)">Marciana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmara_(Lycia)" title="Marmara (Lycia)">Marmara</a> (Mnara)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastaura_(Lycia)" title="Mastaura (Lycia)">Mastaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melo%C3%AB_(Lycia)" title="Meloë (Lycia)">Meloë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanippe_(Lycia)" title="Melanippe (Lycia)">Melanippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meriana" title="Meriana">Meriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezgitkale" title="Mezgitkale">Mezgitkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moatra" title="Moatra">Moatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mopsucrene" title="Mopsucrene">Mopsucrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mopsuestia" title="Mopsuestia">Mopsuestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morka" title="Morka">Morka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moron_Hydor" title="Moron Hydor">Moron Hydor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moumoustra" title="Moumoustra">Moumoustra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylae_(Cilicia)" title="Mylae (Cilicia)">Mylae</a></li> <li>Mylios</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra" title="Myra">Myra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriandus" title="Myriandus">Myriandus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagidos" title="Nagidos">Nagidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauloi" title="Nauloi">Nauloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolis_(Pisidia)" title="Neapolis (Pisidia)">Neapolis in Pisidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephelis" title="Nephelis">Nephelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisa_(Lycia)" title="Nisa (Lycia)">Nisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octapolis" title="Octapolis">Octapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olba_(ancient_city)" title="Olba (ancient city)">Olba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olbasa_(Pisidia)" title="Olbasa (Pisidia)">Olbasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olbia_(Pamphylia)" title="Olbia (Pamphylia)">Olbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympus_(Lycia)" title="Olympus (Lycia)">Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96k%C3%BCzl%C3%BC" title="Öküzlü">Öküzlü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onobara" title="Onobara">Onobara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orokenda" title="Orokenda">Orokenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otanada" title="Otanada">Otanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouerbe" title="Ouerbe">Ouerbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padyandus" title="Padyandus">Padyandus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeopolis_in_Pamphylia" title="Palaeopolis in Pamphylia">Palaeopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panemotichus" title="Panemotichus">Panemotichus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhormus_(Cilicia)" title="Panhormus (Cilicia)">Panhormus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargais" title="Pargais">Pargais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlais" title="Parlais">Parlais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patara_(Lycia)" title="Patara (Lycia)">Patara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pednelissus" title="Pednelissus">Pednelissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perga" title="Perga">Perga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perminounda" title="Perminounda">Perminounda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaselis" title="Phaselis">Phaselis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phellus" title="Phellus">Phellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_(Cilicia)" title="Philadelphia (Cilicia)">Philadelphia in Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philaea" title="Philaea">Philaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicus_(Lycia)" title="Phoenicus (Lycia)">Phoenicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(Lycia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix (Lycia)">Phoenix in Lycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisarissos" title="Pisarissos">Pisarissos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisurgia" title="Pisurgia">Pisurgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placoma" title="Placoma">Placoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platanus_(Cilicia)" title="Platanus (Cilicia)">Platanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podalia_(Lycia)" title="Podalia (Lycia)">Podalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogla" title="Pogla">Pogla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostanna" title="Prostanna">Prostanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudokorasion" title="Pseudokorasion">Pseudokorasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemais_(Pamphylia)" title="Ptolemais (Pamphylia)">Ptolemais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodiapolis" title="Rhodiapolis">Rhodiapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhoscopus" title="Rhoscopus">Rhoscopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsuz" title="Arsuz">Rhosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rygmanoi" title="Rygmanoi">Rygmanoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabandus" title="Sabandus">Sabandus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagalassos" title="Sagalassos">Sagalassos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalium" title="Sandalium">Sandalium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraganda" title="Saraganda">Saraganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebeda" title="Sebeda">Sebeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucia_(Pamphylia)" title="Seleucia (Pamphylia)">Seleucia in Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucia_Pieria" title="Seleucia Pieria">Seleucia Pieria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucia_Sidera" title="Seleucia Sidera">Seleucia Sidera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selge" title="Selge">Selge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selinus_(Cilicia)" title="Selinus (Cilicia)">Selinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seroiata" title="Seroiata">Seroiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serraepolis" title="Serraepolis">Serraepolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sia_(Pisidia)" title="Sia (Pisidia)">Sia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibidounda" title="Sibidounda">Sibidounda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibyla" title="Sibyla">Sibyla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side,_Turkey" title="Side, Turkey">Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siderus_(Lycia)" title="Siderus (Lycia)">Siderus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidyma" title="Sidyma">Sidyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillyon" title="Sillyon">Sillyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simena" title="Simena">Simena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinda_(Pisidia)" title="Sinda (Pisidia)">Sinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siricae" title="Siricae">Siricae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soli_(Cilicia)" title="Soli (Cilicia)">Soli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solyma" title="Solyma">Solyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sozopolis_(Pisidia)" title="Sozopolis (Pisidia)">Sozopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sura_(Lycia)" title="Sura (Lycia)">Sura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syca" title="Syca">Syca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syedra" title="Syedra">Syedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takina" title="Takina">Takina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapureli_ruins" title="Tapureli ruins">Tapureli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tardequeia" title="Tardequeia">Tardequeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus,_Mersin" title="Tarsus, Mersin">Tarsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teimiussa" title="Teimiussa">Teimiussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Judaidah" title="Tell Judaidah">Tell Judaidah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Tayinat" title="Tell Tayinat">Tell Tayinat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telmessos" title="Telmessos">Telmessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telmessos_(Caria)" title="Telmessos (Caria)">Telmessos (Caria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenedos_(Pamphylia)" title="Tenedos (Pamphylia)">Tenedos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termessos" title="Termessos">Termessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrapyrgia_(Cappadocia)" title="Tetrapyrgia (Cappadocia)">Tetrapyrgia in Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrapyrgia_(Pamphylia)" title="Tetrapyrgia (Pamphylia)">Tetrapyrgia in Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titiopolis" title="Titiopolis">Titiopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tityassus" title="Tityassus">Tityassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlos" title="Tlos">Tlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toriaeum" title="Toriaeum">Toriaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragalassus" title="Tragalassus">Tragalassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebendae" title="Trebendae">Trebendae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebenna" title="Trebenna">Trebenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trysa" title="Trysa">Trysa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyberissus" title="Tyberissus">Tyberissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyinda" title="Tyinda">Tyinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tymandus" title="Tymandus">Tymandus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynada" title="Tynada">Tynada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typallia" title="Typallia">Typallia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanthos" title="Xanthos">Xanthos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%C4%B1khan" title="Yanıkhan">Yanıkhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumuktepe" title="Yumuktepe">Yumuktepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenopolis_(Isauria)" title="Zenopolis (Isauria)">Zenopolis in Isauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenopolis_(Lycia)" title="Zenopolis (Lycia)">Zenopolis in Lycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyrium_on_the_Calycadnus" title="Zephyrium on the Calycadnus">Zephyrium on the Calycadnus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Anatolia_region" title="Southeastern Anatolia region">Southeastern<br />Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amida_(Mesopotamia)" title="Amida (Mesopotamia)">Amida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochia_ad_Taurum" title="Antiochia ad Taurum">Antioch in the Taurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantia_(Osrhoene)" title="Constantia (Osrhoene)">Antioch in Mesopotamia (Constantia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apamea_(Euphrates)" title="Apamea (Euphrates)">Apamea on the Euphrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcathiocerta" title="Carcathiocerta">Carcathiocerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carchemish" title="Carchemish">Carchemish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ay%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Çayönü">Çayönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabanas" title="Dabanas">Dabanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dara_(Mesopotamia)" title="Dara (Mesopotamia)">Dara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCl%C3%BCk" title="Dülük">Doliche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Edessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe" title="Göbekli Tepe">Göbekli Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallan_%C3%87emi_Tepesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallan Çemi Tepesi">Hallan Çemi Tepesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harran" title="Harran">Harran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khashshum" class="mw-redirect" title="Khashshum">Khashshum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kussara" title="Kussara">Kussara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matiate" title="Matiate">Matiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neval%C4%B1_%C3%87ori" title="Nevalı Çori">Nevalı Çori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicopolis_(Cilicia)" title="Nicopolis (Cilicia)">Nicopolis in Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusaybin" title="Nusaybin">Nisibis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sak%C3%A7ag%C3%B6z%C3%BC" title="Sakçagözü">Sakçagözü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%27al" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam&#39;al">Sam'al</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosata" class="mw-redirect" title="Samosata">Samosata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sareisa" title="Sareisa">Sareisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucia_at_the_Zeugma" title="Seleucia at the Zeugma">Seleucia at the Zeugma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitai_(Mesopotamia)" title="Sitai (Mesopotamia)">Sitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultantepe" title="Sultantepe">Sultantepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tille_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Tille Höyük">Tille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tushhan" title="Tushhan">Tushhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urima" title="Urima">Urima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urshu" title="Urshu">Urshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeugma_(Commagene)" title="Zeugma (Commagene)">Zeugma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Syro-Hittite_states_and_cities100" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Syro-Hittite_states" title="Template:Syro-Hittite states"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Syro-Hittite_states" title="Template talk:Syro-Hittite states"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Syro-Hittite_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Syro-Hittite states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syro-Hittite_states_and_cities100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states" title="Syro-Hittite states">Syro-Hittite</a> states and cities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Luwian">Luwian</a> states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Tabal_(region)" title="Tabal (region)">Tabal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabal_(state)" title="Tabal (state)">Tabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuwana" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuwana">Tuwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atuna_(state)" title="Atuna (state)">Atuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%AAubi%C5%A1na" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḫubišna">Ḫubišna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0inu%E1%B8%ABtu" title="Šinuḫtu">Šinuḫtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C5%A1tuanda" title="Ištuanda">Ištuanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Kammanu" title="Kammanu">Kammanu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melid" class="mw-redirect" title="Melid">Melid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Kummuh" title="Kummuh">Kummuh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samsat" title="Samsat">Samsat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Quw%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Quwê">Quwê</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karatepe" title="Karatepe">Karatepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Hilakku" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilakku">Hilakku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">&#160;</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Gurgum" title="Gurgum">Gurgum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marqas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marqas">Marqas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Carchemish" title="Carchemish">Carchemish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carchemish" title="Carchemish">Carchemish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NeoHittiteStates.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="The Neo-Hittite states circa 800 BCE"><img alt="The Neo-Hittite states circa 800 BCE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/NeoHittiteStates.gif/330px-NeoHittiteStates.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/NeoHittiteStates.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aramaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaeans">Aramaean</a> states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Palistin" title="Palistin">Palistin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinalua" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinalua">Kinalua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Pattin" title="Pattin">Unqi-Pattina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinalua" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinalua">Kinalua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Sam%27al" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam&#39;al">Bit Gabbari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam%27al" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam&#39;al">Sam'al</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Bit_Adini" title="Bit Adini">Bit Adini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Til_Barsip" title="Til Barsip">Til Barsip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Bit_Bahiani" title="Bit Bahiani">Bit Bahiani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guzana" class="mw-redirect" title="Guzana">Guzana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Bit_Agusi" title="Bit Agusi">Bit Agusi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arpad,_Syria" title="Arpad, Syria">Arpad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nampigi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nampigi (page does not exist)">Nampigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Halab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Luhuti" title="Luhuti">Luhuti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Afis" title="Tell Afis">Hatarikka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sukas" title="Tell Sukas">Shuksi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.75em"><a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hamath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hamath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423615#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata701" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423615#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata701" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423615#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/244288916">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4593964-0">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/648801">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kulturenvanteri.com/yer/?p=65905">Kulturenvanteri monument</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐565b5fd5cd‐f7x7q Cached time: 20250410144347 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 2.032 seconds Real time usage: 2.503 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 18712/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 385604/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 46906/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 207557/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.194/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 30366286/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/500 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report 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