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id="toc-Naval_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Naval career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Farming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Farming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Farming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Farming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_political_career_(1963–1971)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_political_career_(1963–1971)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Early political career (1963–1971) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_political_career_(1963–1971)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early political career (1963–1971) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_political_career_(1963–1971)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Georgia_state_senator_(1963–1967)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgia_state_senator_(1963–1967)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Georgia state senator (1963–1967) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgia_state_senator_(1963–1967)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1966_and_1970_gubernatorial_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1966_and_1970_gubernatorial_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 1966 and 1970 gubernatorial campaigns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1966_and_1970_gubernatorial_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgia_governorship_(1971–1975)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgia_governorship_(1971–1975)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Georgia governorship (1971–1975) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgia_governorship_(1971–1975)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1976_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1976_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 1976 presidential campaign </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1976_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1976 presidential campaign subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1976_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Transition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency_(1977–1981)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency_(1977–1981)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Presidency (1977–1981) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidency_(1977–1981)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Presidency (1977–1981) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Presidency_(1977–1981)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Domestic policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Holidays_and_proclamations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holidays_and_proclamations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Holidays and proclamations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holidays_and_proclamations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.3 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._energy_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._energy_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.4 U.S. energy crisis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._energy_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_Congress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_Congress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.5 Relations with Congress </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_Congress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deregulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deregulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.6 Deregulation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deregulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chrysler_bailout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chrysler_bailout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.7 Chrysler bailout </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chrysler_bailout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.8 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.9 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBTQ_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBTQ_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.10 LGBTQ rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBTQ_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israel_and_Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel_and_Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Israel and Egypt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel_and_Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.3 East Asia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.4 Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.5 Soviet Union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.5.1 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_trips" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_trips"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.6 International trips </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_trips-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegations_and_investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_and_investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Allegations and investigations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_and_investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 1980 presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-presidency_(1981–2024)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-presidency_(1981–2024)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Post-presidency (1981–2024) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-presidency_(1981–2024)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Post-presidency (1981–2024) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Post-presidency_(1981–2024)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diplomacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Diplomacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_later_presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_later_presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Views on later presidents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_later_presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Presidential politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hurricane_relief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hurricane_relief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Hurricane relief </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hurricane_relief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Other activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel_and_Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel_and_Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Israel and Palestine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel_and_Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Interests,_friendships_and_hobbies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interests,_friendships_and_hobbies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Interests, friendships and hobbies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interests,_friendships_and_hobbies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Beliefs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Health </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Health subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Longevity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Longevity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Longevity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Longevity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Death and funeral </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assessments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Assessments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assessments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Public opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-News_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 News sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.3 Websites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Primary sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Jimmy Carter</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 161 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-161" aria-hidden="true" > 161 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%82%E1%88%9A_%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AD" title="ጂሚ ካርተር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጂሚ ካርተር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Carter" title="Iacobus Carter – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Iacobus Carter" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جيمي كارتر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمي كارتر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%A8%D6%80" title="Ճիմի Քարթըր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ճիմի Քարթըր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="জিমি কাৰ্টাৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জিমি কাৰ্টাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimmi_Karter" title="Cimmi Karter – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cimmi Karter" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جیمی کارتر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جیمی کارتر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জিমি কার্টার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জিমি কার্টার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Джымі Картэр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джымі Картэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B7_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Джэймз Эрл Картэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Джэймз Эрл Картэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Джими Картър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джими Картър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཇི་མི་ཀར་ཀྲར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཇི་མི་ཀར་ཀྲར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Earl_Carter" title="James Earl Carter – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="James Earl Carter" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джимми Картер – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Джимми Картер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="دجيمي كارتر – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="دجيمي كارتر" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%A8%DE%89%DE%A9_%DE%86%DE%A7%DE%83%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%83" title="ޖިމީ ކާރޓަރ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖިމީ ކާރޓަރ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B9_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Τζίμι Κάρτερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζίμι Κάρτερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جیمی کارتر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمی کارتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gungbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%AF%B8_%EC%B9%B4%ED%84%B0" title="지미 카터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지미 카터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ջիմի Քարթեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջիմի Քարթեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="जिमी कार्टर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जिमी कार्टर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Картер, Джимми – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Картер, Джимми" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A8" title="ג'ימי קרטר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ימי קרטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಿಮ್ಮಿ ಕಾರ್ಟರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಿಮ್ಮಿ ಕಾರ್ಟರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯიმი კარტერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯიმი კარტერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джимми Картер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джимми Картер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Earl_Carter" title="Iacobus Earl Carter – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacobus Earl Carter" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEimijs_K%C4%81rters" title="Džimijs Kārters – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džimijs Kārters" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Earl_Carter" title="James Earl Carter – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="James Earl Carter" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="जिम्मी कार्टर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जिम्मी कार्टर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Џими Картер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џими Картер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC" title="ജിമ്മി കാർട്ടർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജിമ്മി കാർട്ടർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="जिमी कार्टर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जिमी कार्टर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯიმი კარტერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯიმი კარტერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%89_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جيمى كارتر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمى كارتر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جیمی کارتر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جیمی کارتر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жимми Картер – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жимми Картер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="ဂျင်မီ ကာတာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျင်မီ ကာတာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="जिम्मी कार्टर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जिम्मी कार्टर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="जिम्मी कार्टर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जिम्मी कार्टर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="ジミー・カーター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジミー・カーター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਜਿੰਮੀ ਕਾਰਟਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਿੰਮੀ ਕਾਰਟਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="جمی کارٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جمی کارٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BC%D8%B1" title="جیمس ایرل کارټر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جیمس ایرل کارټر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Earl_Carter" title="James Earl Carter – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="James Earl Carter" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimmi_Karter" title="Cimmi Karter – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Cimmi Karter" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Картер, Джимми – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Картер, Джимми" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A" title="ජීමී කාටර් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජීමී කාටර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A_%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BD%D8%B1" title="جمي ڪارٽر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جمي ڪارٽر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="جیمی کارتەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جیمی کارتەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Џими Картер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џими Картер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜிம்மி கார்ட்டர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜிம்மி கார்ட்டர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джимми Картер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Джимми Картер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="జిమ్మీ కార్టర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జిమ్మీ కార్టర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="จิมมี คาร์เตอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จิมมี คาร์เตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ҷимми Картер – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷимми Картер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A5%E1%8E%BB_%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%94" title="ᏥᎻ ᎧᏔ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏥᎻ ᎧᏔ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джиммі Картер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джиммі Картер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="جمی کارٹر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جمی کارٹر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%B1%B3%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9" title="吉米卡特 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="吉米卡特" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9" title="吉米·卡特 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="吉米·卡特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="זשימי קארטער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זשימי קארטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E7%BE%8E%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9" title="占美·卡特 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="占美·卡特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jimmy Carter" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9" title="吉米·卡特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="吉米·卡特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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For his father, see <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Carter_Sr." title="James Earl Carter Sr.">James Earl Carter Sr.</a> For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/James_Carter_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="James Carter (disambiguation)">James Carter</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jimmy Carter</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Jimmy Carter in a dark blue suit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg/220px-JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg/330px-JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg/440px-JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="2027" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 1978</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">39th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">76th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Georgia" title="Governor of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 12, 1971 – January 14, 1975</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Georgia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Georgia">Lieutenant</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Lester Maddox</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lester_Maddox" title="Lester Maddox">Lester Maddox</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Busbee" title="George Busbee">George Busbee</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Senate" title="Georgia State Senate">Georgia State Senate</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Georgia%27s_14th_Senate_district" title="Georgia's 14th Senate district">14th</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 14, 1963 – January 9, 1967</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_M._Dykes" title="James M. Dykes">James M. Dykes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Carter" title="Hugh Carter">Hugh Carter</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">James Earl Carter Jr.</div> (1924-10-01)October 1, 1924 <a href="/wiki/Plains,_Georgia" title="Plains, Georgia">Plains, Georgia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 29, 2024(2024-12-29) (aged 100) Plains, Georgia, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_House" title="Jimmy Carter House">Jimmy Carter House</a>, Plains</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosalynn Smith">Rosalynn Smith</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1946; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">2023)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4, including <a href="/wiki/Jack_Carter_(politician)" title="Jack Carter (politician)">Jack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amy_Carter" title="Amy Carter">Amy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Carter_Sr." title="James Earl Carter Sr.">James Earl Carter Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Lillian_Gordy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bessie Lillian Gordy">Bessie Lillian Gordy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_political_families_(C)#The_Carters_of_Georgia" title="List of United States political families (C)">Carter family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">United States Naval Academy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter">humanitarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Jimmy_Carter#Books_by_Carter" title="Bibliography of Jimmy Carter">author</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Civilian awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of awards and honors received by Jimmy Carter">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_Signature-2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jimmy Carter's signature"><img alt="Cursive signature in ink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jimmy_Carter_Signature-2.svg/128px-Jimmy_Carter_Signature-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jimmy_Carter_Signature-2.svg/192px-Jimmy_Carter_Signature-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jimmy_Carter_Signature-2.svg/256px-Jimmy_Carter_Signature-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="157" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1946–1953 (active)</li> <li>1953–1961 (reserve)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">Lieutenant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_in_World_War_II" title="United States Navy in World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Military awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Campaign_Medal" title="American Campaign Medal">American Campaign Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Victory_Medal" title="World War II Victory Medal">World War II Victory Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Service_Medal" title="China Service Medal">China Service Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Service_Medal" title="National Defense Service Medal">National Defense Service Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_speaks_on_the_Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan.ogg" title="File:Jimmy Carter speaks on the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.ogg">Jimmy Carter's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="326" data-mwtitle="Jimmy_Carter_speaks_on_the_Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Jimmy_Carter_speaks_on_the_Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Jimmy_Carter_speaks_on_the_Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan.ogg/Jimmy_Carter_speaks_on_the_Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Carter speaking on the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet invasion of Afghanistan">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_speaks_on_the_Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan.ogg" title="File:Jimmy Carter speaks on the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.ogg">Recorded January 4, 1980</a></div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> James Earl Carter Jr. (October 1, 1924 – December 29, 2024) was an American politician and humanitarian who served as the 39th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a> from 1977 to 1981. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, Carter was the 76th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Georgia" title="Governor of Georgia">governor of Georgia</a> from 1971 to 1975 and in the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Senate" title="Georgia State Senate">Georgia State Senate</a> from 1963 to 1967. He was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age" title="List of presidents of the United States by age">longest-lived president in U.S. history</a> and the first to reach the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_100" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of 100">age of 100</a>. Born in <a href="/wiki/Plains,_Georgia" title="Plains, Georgia">Plains, Georgia</a>, Carter graduated from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Naval_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Naval Academy">U.S. Naval Academy</a> in 1946 and joined the <a href="/wiki/Submarines_in_the_United_States_Navy" title="Submarines in the United States Navy">submarine service</a> before returning home to tend to the family peanut farm. He was active in the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>, then served as state senator and governor before <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1976 presidential campaign">running for president</a> in <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a>. He secured the <a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">Democratic nomination</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Dark_horse" title="Dark horse">dark horse</a> before narrowly defeating <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> incumbent <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> in the general election. As president, Carter <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_4483" title="Proclamation 4483">pardoned all Vietnam draft evaders</a> and negotiated several major foreign policy agreements, including the <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Panama Canal Treaties">Panama Canal Treaties</a>, and the second round of <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a>, and he <a href="/wiki/Joint_Communiqu%C3%A9_on_the_Establishment_of_Diplomatic_Relations" title="Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations">established diplomatic relations with China</a>. He also confronted <a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">stagflation</a>. He created a national energy policy that included conservation, price control, and new technology. He created the Departments of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Energy</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Education</a>. The later years of <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">his presidency</a> were marked by several foreign policy crises, including the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet invasion of Afghanistan">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan</a> (leading to the end of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">détente</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1980_Olympics_boycott" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 Olympics boycott">1980 Olympics boycott</a>) and the fallout of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a> and <a href="/wiki/1979_oil_crisis" title="1979 oil crisis">1979 oil crisis</a>). Carter <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">sought reelection</a> in <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a>, defeating <a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">a primary challenge</a> by Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a>, but lost the election to Republican nominee <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>. Polls of historians and political scientists have <a href="/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Historical rankings of presidents of the United States">ranked Carter's presidency</a> below average. <a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter">His post-presidency</a>—the longest in U.S. history—is viewed more favorably. After Carter's presidential term ended, he established the <a href="/wiki/Carter_Center" title="Carter Center">Carter Center</a> to promote and expand human rights, earning him the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a>. He traveled extensively to conduct peace negotiations, <a href="/wiki/Election_monitoring" title="Election monitoring">monitor elections</a>, and end <a href="/wiki/Neglected_tropical_diseases" title="Neglected tropical diseases">neglected tropical diseases</a>, becoming a major contributor to the <a href="/wiki/Eradication_of_dracunculiasis" title="Eradication of dracunculiasis">eradication of dracunculiasis</a>. Carter was a key figure in the nonprofit housing organization <a href="/wiki/Habitat_for_Humanity" title="Habitat for Humanity">Habitat for Humanity</a>. He also <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Jimmy_Carter#Books_by_Carter" title="Bibliography of Jimmy Carter">wrote political memoirs and other books</a>, commentary on the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>, and poetry. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Carter_family_store_in_the_Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A rural storehouse with a small windmill next to it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Carter_family_store_in_the_Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park.jpg/220px-The_Carter_family_store_in_the_Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Carter_family_store_in_the_Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park.jpg/330px-The_Carter_family_store_in_the_Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Carter_family_store_in_the_Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park.jpg/440px-The_Carter_family_store_in_the_Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1367" /></a><figcaption>The Carter family store, part of <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park" title="Jimmy Carter National Historical Park">Carter's Boyhood Farm</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Plains,_Georgia" title="Plains, Georgia">Plains, Georgia</a></figcaption></figure> James Earl Carter Jr. was born on October 1, 1924, in <a href="/wiki/Plains,_Georgia" title="Plains, Georgia">Plains, Georgia</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Wise_Sanitarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Wise Sanitarium">Wise Sanitarium</a>, where his mother worked as a registered nurse.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGodbold20109-1">[1]</a> Carter thus became the first American president born in a hospital.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne199711–32-2">[2]</a> He was the eldest child of <a href="/wiki/Bessie_Lillian_Gordy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bessie Lillian Gordy">Bessie Lillian Gordy</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Carter_Sr." title="James Earl Carter Sr.">James Earl Carter Sr.</a>, and a descendant of English immigrant Thomas Carter, who settled in the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Colony of Virginia</a> in 1635.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufmanKaufman201370-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarter201210-4">[4]</a> In Georgia, numerous generations of Carters worked as cotton farmers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne19979-5">[5]</a> Plains was a <a href="/wiki/Boomtown" title="Boomtown">boomtown</a> of 600 people at the time of Carter's birth. His father was a successful local businessman who ran a <a href="/wiki/General_store" title="General store">general store</a> and was an investor in farmland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997114-6">[6]</a> Carter's father had previously served as a reserve second lieutenant in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Quartermaster_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps">U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997114-6">[6]</a> During Carter's infancy, his family moved several times, settling on a dirt road in nearby <a href="/wiki/Archery,_Georgia" title="Archery, Georgia">Archery</a>, which was almost entirely populated by impoverished African American families.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne199711–32-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiven200257-7">[7]</a> His family eventually had three more children, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Carter_Spann" title="Gloria Carter Spann">Gloria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Carter_Stapleton" title="Ruth Carter Stapleton">Ruth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Carter" title="Billy Carter">Billy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlippen201125-8">[8]</a> Carter had a good relationship with his parents, even though his mother was often absent during his childhood since she worked long hours. Although his father was staunchly <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">pro-segregation</a>, he allowed Jimmy to befriend the black farmhands' children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewton2016172-9">[9]</a> Carter was an enterprising teenager who was given his own acre of Earl's farmland, where he grew, packaged, and sold peanuts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton2005334-10">[10]</a> Carter also rented out a section of tenant housing he had purchased.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne199711–32-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> Carter attended Plains High School from 1937 to 1941, graduating from the 11th grade; the school did not have a 12th grade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Park_Service2020-11">[11]</a> By that time, Archery and Plains had been impoverished by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression</a>, but the family benefited from <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> farming subsidies, and Carter's father became a community leader.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton2005334-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayward2004The_Plain_Man_from_Plains-12">[12]</a> Carter was a diligent student with a fondness for reading.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobkirk20028-13">[13]</a> According to a popular anecdote, he was passed over for <a href="/wiki/Valedictorian" title="Valedictorian">valedictorian</a> after he and his friends skipped school to venture downtown in a <a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">hot rod</a>. Carter's truancy was mentioned in a local newspaper, although it is not clear he would otherwise have been valedictorian.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne199733–43Alter2020[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidQwAAEAAAQBAJpgPA45_45]-14">[14]</a> As an adolescent, Carter played on the Plains High School basketball team and joined <a href="/wiki/Future_Farmers_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Future Farmers of America">Future Farmers of America</a>, which helped him develop a lifelong interest in woodworking.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne199733–43-15">[15]</a> Carter had long dreamed of attending the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">United States Naval Academy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton2005334-10">[10]</a> In 1941, he started undergraduate coursework in engineering at <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Southwestern_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Southwestern College">Georgia Southwestern College</a> in nearby Americus, Georgia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanton202299-16">[16]</a> The next year, Carter transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Institute of Technology">Georgia Institute of Technology</a> in Atlanta, where civil rights icon <a href="/wiki/Blake_Van_Leer" class="mw-redirect" title="Blake Van Leer">Blake Van Leer</a> was president.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERattini2020-17">[17]</a> While at Georgia Tech, Carter took part in the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">Reserve Officers' Training Corps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalmer201434-18">[18]</a> Van Leer encouraged Carter to join the Naval Academy.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In 1943, he received an appointment to the Naval Academy from U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pace_(politician)" title="Stephen Pace (politician)">Stephen Pace</a>, and Carter graduated with a Bachelor of Science in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobkirk200238-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalmer201434-18">[18]</a> He was a good student, but was seen as reserved and quiet, in contrast to the academy's culture of aggressive hazing of freshmen.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufmanKaufman201362-21">[21]</a> While at the academy, Carter fell in love with <a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosalynn Smith">Rosalynn Smith</a>, a friend of his sister Ruth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWertheimer2004343-22">[22]</a> The two wed shortly after his graduation in 1946, and were married until her death on November 19, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne199744–55-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrowWarren2023-24">[24]</a> Carter was a <a href="/wiki/Sprint_football" title="Sprint football">sprint football</a> player for the <a href="/wiki/Navy_Midshipmen" title="Navy Midshipmen">Navy Midshipmen</a> and a standout freshman <a href="/wiki/Navy_Midshipmen_cross_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy Midshipmen cross country">cross country runner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHingston2016-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> He graduated 60th out of 821 midshipmen in the class of 1947<a href="#cite_note-28">[a]</a> with a Bachelor of Science degree and was commissioned as an <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">ensign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter202059-29">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naval_career">Naval career</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graduation_of_Jimmy_Carter_from_U.S._Naval_Academy,_Annapolis,_Maryland,_Rosalynn_Carter_and_Lillian_Carter_Pinning_on_Ensign_Bars_-_DPLA_-_e1b1f2b5b4e38fc82cfe091678fc112a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jimmy Carter smiling towards the camera, while Rosalynn Smith and his mother are fixing his Naval Academy uniform" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Graduation_of_Jimmy_Carter_from_U.S._Naval_Academy%2C_Annapolis%2C_Maryland%2C_Rosalynn_Carter_and_Lillian_Carter_Pinning_on_Ensign_Bars_-_DPLA_-_e1b1f2b5b4e38fc82cfe091678fc112a.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Graduation_of_Jimmy_Carter_from_U.S._Naval_Academy%2C_Annapolis%2C_Maryland%2C_Rosalynn_Carter_and_Lillian_Carter_Pinning_on_Ensign_Bars_-_DPLA_-_e1b1f2b5b4e38fc82cfe091678fc112a.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Graduation_of_Jimmy_Carter_from_U.S._Naval_Academy%2C_Annapolis%2C_Maryland%2C_Rosalynn_Carter_and_Lillian_Carter_Pinning_on_Ensign_Bars_-_DPLA_-_e1b1f2b5b4e38fc82cfe091678fc112a.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3150" data-file-height="2495" /></a><figcaption>Carter with <a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosalynn Smith">Rosalynn Smith</a> and his mother at his graduation from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">United States Naval Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis, Maryland</a>, June 5, 1946</figcaption></figure> From 1946 to 1953, the Carters lived in <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, during his deployments in <a href="/wiki/U.S._Atlantic_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Atlantic Fleet">the Atlantic</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Pacific_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Pacific Fleet">Pacific fleets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZelizer201011–12-30">[29]</a> In 1948, he began officer training for submarine duty and served aboard <a href="/wiki/USS_Pomfret" title="USS Pomfret">USS Pomfret</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas197818-31">[30]</a> Carter was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_junior_grade" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant junior grade">lieutenant junior grade</a> in 1949, and his service aboard Pomfret included a simulated war patrol to the western Pacific and Chinese coast from January to March of that year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENijnatten201277-32">[31]</a> In 1951, Carter was assigned to the diesel/electric <a href="/wiki/USS_Barracuda_(SSK-1)" title="USS Barracuda (SSK-1)">USS K-1 (SSK-1)</a>, qualified for command, and served in several positions, to include executive officer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum2004-33">[32]</a> In 1952, Carter began an association with the Navy's fledgling <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_submarine" title="Nuclear submarine">nuclear submarine</a> program, led by then-Captain <a href="/wiki/Hyman_G._Rickover" title="Hyman G. Rickover">Hyman G. Rickover</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHambley2008202-34">[33]</a> Rickover had high standards and demands for his men and machines, and Carter later said that, next to his parents, Rickover had the greatest influence on his life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne199772–77-35">[34]</a> Carter was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Reactors" title="Naval Reactors">Naval Reactors</a> Branch of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a> in Washington, D.C., for three-month temporary duty, while Rosalynn moved with their children to <a href="/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York" title="Schenectady, New York">Schenectady, New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne199774-36">[35]</a> On December 12, 1952, an accident with the experimental <a href="/wiki/NRX" title="NRX">NRX</a> reactor at <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic Energy of Canada">Atomic Energy of Canada</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chalk_River_Laboratories" title="Chalk River Laboratories">Chalk River Laboratories</a> caused a partial meltdown, resulting in millions of liters of radioactive water flooding the reactor building's basement. This left the reactor's core ruined.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank1995554-37">[36]</a> Carter was ordered to Chalk River to lead a U.S. maintenance crew that joined other American and Canadian service personnel to assist in the shutdown of the reactor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartel200864-38">[37]</a> The painstaking process required each team member to don protective gear and be lowered individually into the reactor for 90 seconds at a time, limiting their exposure to radioactivity while they disassembled the crippled reactor. When Carter was lowered in, his job was to turn a single screw.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarguet2022262-39">[38]</a> During and after his presidency, Carter said that his experience at Chalk River had shaped his views on atomic energy and led him to cease the development of a <a href="/wiki/Neutron_bomb" title="Neutron bomb">neutron bomb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilnes2009-40">[39]</a> In March 1953, Carter began a six-month nuclear power plant operation course at <a href="/wiki/Union_College" title="Union College">Union College</a> in Schenectady.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZelizer201011–12-30">[29]</a> His intent was to eventually work aboard <a href="/wiki/USS_Seawolf_(SSN-575)" title="USS Seawolf (SSN-575)">USS Seawolf</a>, which was intended to be the second U.S. nuclear submarine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaval_History_and_Heritage_Command1997-41">[40]</a> His plans changed when his father died of <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">pancreatic cancer</a> in July, two months before construction of Seawolf began, and Carter obtained a release from active duty so he could take over the family peanut business.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWead2005404-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanton2022100-43">[42]</a> Deciding to leave Schenectady proved difficult, as Rosalynn had grown comfortable with their life there.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten1978270-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneiderSchneider2005310-45">[44]</a> She later said that returning to small-town life in Plains seemed "a monumental step backward".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne199779-46">[45]</a> Carter left active duty on October 9, 1953.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne199777–81-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayward200923-48">[47]</a> He served in the inactive <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">Navy Reserve</a> until 1961 and left the service with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">lieutenant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEckstein2015-49">[48]</a> Carter's awards include the <a href="/wiki/American_Campaign_Medal" title="American Campaign Medal">American Campaign Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Victory_Medal" title="World War II Victory Medal">World War II Victory Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Service_Medal" title="China Service Medal">China Service Medal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Service_Medal" title="National Defense Service Medal">National Defense Service Medal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuciu2020-50">[49]</a> As a submarine officer, he also earned the <a href="/wiki/Submarine_Warfare_insignia" title="Submarine Warfare insignia">"dolphin" badge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGherman200434-51">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Farming">Farming</h2></div> After debt settlements and division of his father's estate among its heirs, Jimmy inherited comparatively little.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukunda2022105-52">[51]</a> For a year, he, Rosalynn, and their three sons lived in public housing in Plains.<a href="#cite_note-54">[b]</a> Carter was knowledgeable in scientific and technological subjects, and he set out to expand the family's peanut-growing business.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufman201666-55">[53]</a> Transitioning from the Navy to farming was difficult as his first-year harvest failed due to a drought, and Carter had to open several bank lines of credit to keep the farm afloat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGherman200438-56">[54]</a> Meanwhile, he took classes and studied agriculture while Rosalynn learned accounting to manage the business's books.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1996115-57">[55]</a> Though they barely broke even the first year, the Carters grew the business and became quite successful.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne199783–91-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1996115-57">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career_(1963–1971)">Early political career (1963–1971)</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgia_state_senator_(1963–1967)">Georgia state senator (1963–1967)</h3></div> As racial tension inflamed in Plains by the 1954 <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> ruling in <a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGherman200440-58">[56]</a> Carter favored racial tolerance and integration but often kept those feelings to himself to avoid making enemies. By 1961, Carter began to speak more prominently of integration as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Church">Baptist Church</a> and chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Sumter_County,_Georgia" title="Sumter County, Georgia">Sumter County</a> school board.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne199792–108-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonicaPiccotti2018-60">[58]</a> In 1962, he announced his campaign for an open <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Senate" title="Georgia State Senate">Georgia State Senate</a> seat 15 days before the election.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarter199283–87-61">[59]</a> Rosalynn, who had an instinct for politics and organization, was instrumental in his campaign. While early counting of the ballots showed Carter trailing his opponent, Homer Moore, this was later proven to be the result of fraudulent voting. The fraud was found to have been orchestrated by Joe Hurst, the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quitman_County,_Georgia" title="Quitman County, Georgia">Quitman County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarter199283–87-61">[59]</a> Carter challenged the election result, which an investigation confirmed to have been fraudulent. Another election was held, in which Carter defeated Moore as the sole Democratic candidate, 3,013 votes to 2,182.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997108–132-62">[60]</a> He served in both the <a href="/wiki/127th_Georgia_General_Assembly" title="127th Georgia General Assembly">127th Georgia General Assembly</a> and the <a href="/wiki/128th_Georgia_General_Assembly" title="128th Georgia General Assembly">128th Georgia General Assembly</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> was well underway when Carter took office. He and his family had become staunch supporters of <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>. Carter remained relatively quiet on the issue at first, even as it polarized much of the county, to avoid alienating his segregationist colleagues. Carter did speak up on a few divisive issues, giving speeches against <a href="/wiki/Literacy_test" title="Literacy test">literacy tests</a> and against an amendment to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Constitution of Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia Constitution</a> that he felt implied a compulsion to practice religion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997132–140-63">[61]</a> Carter entered the state Democratic Executive Committee two years into office, where he helped rewrite the state party's rules. He became the chairman of the West Central Georgia Planning and Development Commission, which oversaw the disbursement of federal and state grants for projects such as historic site restoration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyan200637-64">[62]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Bo_Callaway" title="Bo Callaway">Bo Callaway</a> was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> in 1964, Carter immediately began planning to challenge him. The two had previously clashed over which two-year college would be expanded to a four-year college program by the state, and Carter saw Callaway—who had switched to the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>—as a rival who represented aspects of politics he despised.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997132–145-65">[63]</a> Carter was reelected to a second two-year term in the state Senate,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgia_General_Assembly1965-66">[64]</a> where he chaired its Education Committee and sat on the Appropriations Committee toward the end of the term. He contributed to a bill expanding statewide education funding and getting <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Southwestern_State_University" title="Georgia Southwestern State University">Georgia Southwestern State University</a> a four-year program. He leveraged his regional planning work, giving speeches around the district to make himself more visible to potential voters. On the last day of the term, Carter announced his candidacy for the House of Representatives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997145–149-67">[65]</a> Callaway decided to run for governor instead;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997150-68">[66]</a> Carter changed his mind, deciding to run for governor too.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997154–155-69">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1966_and_1970_gubernatorial_campaigns">1966 and 1970 gubernatorial campaigns</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1966_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Georgia gubernatorial election">1966 Georgia gubernatorial election</a> and <a href="/wiki/1970_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Georgia gubernatorial election">1970 Georgia gubernatorial election</a></div> In the 1966 gubernatorial election, Carter ran against liberal former governor <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Arnall" title="Ellis Arnall">Ellis Arnall</a> and conservative segregationist <a href="/wiki/Lester_Maddox" title="Lester Maddox">Lester Maddox</a> in the Democratic primary. In a press conference, he described his ideology as "Conservative, moderate, liberal and middle-of-the-road ... I believe I am a more complicated person than that."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997149–153-70">[68]</a> He lost the primary but drew enough votes as a third-place candidate to force Arnall into a <a href="/wiki/Runoff_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Runoff election">runoff election</a> with Maddox, who defeated Arnall.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997153–165-71">[69]</a> In the general election, Republican nominee Callaway won a plurality of the vote but less than a majority, allowing the Democratic-majority <a href="/wiki/Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Georgia House of Representatives">Georgia House of Representatives</a> to elect Maddox as governor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997153–165-71">[69]</a> This resulted in a victorious Maddox, whose victory—due to his segregationist stance—was seen as the worst outcome for the indebted Carter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997153–165-71">[69]</a> Carter returned to his agriculture business, carefully planning his next campaign. This period was a spiritual turning point for Carter; he declared himself a <a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">born again</a> Christian, and his last child, <a href="/wiki/Amy_Carter" title="Amy Carter">Amy</a>, was born during this time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997165–179-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayward200939–46-73">[71]</a> In the 1970 gubernatorial election, liberal former governor <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sanders" title="Carl Sanders">Carl Sanders</a> became Carter's main opponent in the Democratic primary. Carter ran a more modern campaign, employing printed graphics and statistical analysis. Responding to polls, he leaned more conservative than before, positioning himself as a <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a> and criticizing Sanders for both his wealth and perceived links to the national Democratic Party. He also accused Sanders of corruption, but when pressed by the media, he did not provide evidence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997180–199-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayward200946–51-75">[73]</a> Throughout his campaign, Carter sought both the black vote and the votes of those who had supported prominent Alabama segregationist <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a>. While he met with black figures such as <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Sr." title="Martin Luther King Sr.">Martin Luther King Sr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a> and visited many black-owned businesses, he also praised Wallace and promised to invite him to give a speech in Georgia. Carter's appeal to racism became more blatant over time, with his senior campaign aides handing out a photograph of Sanders celebrating with Black basketball players.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997180–199-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayward200946–51-75">[73]</a> Carter came ahead of Sanders in the first ballot by 49 percent to 38 percent in September, leading to a runoff election. The subsequent campaign was even more bitter. Despite his early support for civil rights, Carter's appeal to racism grew, and he criticized Sanders for supporting <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> Carter won the runoff election with 60 percent of the vote and won the general election against Republican nominee <a href="/wiki/Hal_Suit" title="Hal Suit">Hal Suit</a>. Once elected, Carter changed his tone and began to speak against Georgia's racist politics. <a href="/wiki/Leroy_Johnson_(Georgia_politician)" title="Leroy Johnson (Georgia politician)">Leroy Johnson</a>, a black state senator, voiced his support for Carter: "I understand why he ran that kind of ultra-conservative campaign. I don't believe you can win this state without being a racist."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997180–199-74">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Georgia_governorship_(1971–1975)">Georgia governorship (1971–1975)</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_official_portrait_as_Governor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black and white photographic official portrait of a young Carter as the governor of Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jimmy_Carter_official_portrait_as_Governor.jpg/220px-Jimmy_Carter_official_portrait_as_Governor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jimmy_Carter_official_portrait_as_Governor.jpg/330px-Jimmy_Carter_official_portrait_as_Governor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jimmy_Carter_official_portrait_as_Governor.jpg/440px-Jimmy_Carter_official_portrait_as_Governor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2218" data-file-height="3436" /></a><figcaption>Carter's official portrait as governor of Georgia, 1971</figcaption></figure> Carter was sworn in as the 76th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Georgia" title="Governor of Georgia">governor of Georgia</a> on January 12, 1971. In his inaugural speech, he declared that "the time for racial discrimination is over",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman2022-76">[74]</a> shocking the crowd and causing many segregationists who had supported his candidacy to feel betrayed. Carter was reluctant to engage with fellow politicians, making him unpopular with the legislature.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997204-77">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayward200955–56-78">[76]</a> He expanded the governor's authority by introducing a reorganization plan submitted in January 1972. Despite an initially cool reception in the legislature, the plan passed at midnight on the last day of the session.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997214–220-79">[77]</a> Carter merged about 300 state agencies into 22, although it is disputed whether that saved the state money.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman19825-80">[78]</a> On July 8, 1971, during an appearance in <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Georgia" title="Columbus, Georgia">Columbus, Georgia</a>, he stated his intention to establish a Georgia Human Rights Council to help solve issues ahead of any potential violence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERome_News-Tribune1971a-81">[79]</a> In a news conference on July 13, 1971, Carter announced that he had ordered department heads to reduce spending to prevent a $57 million deficit by the end of the 1972 fiscal year, specifying that each state department would be affected and estimating that five percent over government revenue would be lost if state departments continued to fully use allocated funds.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERome_News-Tribune1971b-82">[80]</a> On January 13, 1972, he requested that the state legislature fund an early childhood development program along with prison reform programs and $48 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2023) in paid taxes for nearly all state employees.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERome_News-Tribune1972a-83">[81]</a> On March 1, 1972, Carter said he might call a special session of the general assembly if the Justice Department struck down any reapportionment plans by either the House or Senate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERome_News-Tribune1972b-84">[82]</a> He pushed several reforms through the legislature, providing equal state aid to schools in Georgia's wealthy and poor areas, setting up community centers for mentally disabled children, and increasing educational programs for convicts. Under this program, all such appointments were based on merit rather than political influence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESidey2012-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_Book2001542-86">[84]</a> In one of his more controversial decisions, he vetoed a plan to build a dam on Georgia's <a href="/wiki/Flint_River" title="Flint River">Flint River</a>, which attracted the attention of environmentalists nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENBC_News2008-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997250–251-88">[86]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_and_wife_with_Reubin_Askew_and_his_wife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carter shaking hands with Reubin Askew, with Carter's wife smiling while standing in the middle of them" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Jimmy_Carter_and_wife_with_Reubin_Askew_and_his_wife.jpg/220px-Jimmy_Carter_and_wife_with_Reubin_Askew_and_his_wife.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Jimmy_Carter_and_wife_with_Reubin_Askew_and_his_wife.jpg/330px-Jimmy_Carter_and_wife_with_Reubin_Askew_and_his_wife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Jimmy_Carter_and_wife_with_Reubin_Askew_and_his_wife.jpg/440px-Jimmy_Carter_and_wife_with_Reubin_Askew_and_his_wife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>Carter greeting Florida governor <a href="/wiki/Reubin_Askew" title="Reubin Askew">Reubin Askew</a> and his wife in 1971; as president, Carter appointed Askew as <a href="/wiki/U.S._trade_representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. trade representative">U.S. trade representative</a>.</figcaption></figure> Civil rights were a high priority for Carter, who added black state employees and portraits of three prominent black Georgians to the capitol building: Martin Luther King Jr., <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Craft_Laney" title="Lucy Craft Laney">Lucy Craft Laney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_McNeal_Turner" title="Henry McNeal Turner">Henry McNeal Turner</a>. This angered the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997250–251-88">[86]</a> He favored a constitutional amendment to ban <a href="/wiki/Busing" class="mw-redirect" title="Busing">busing</a> for the purpose of expediting integration in schools on a televised joint appearance with Florida Governor <a href="/wiki/Reubin_Askew" title="Reubin Askew">Reubin Askew</a> on January 31, 1973,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERome_News-Tribune1973a-89">[87]</a> and co-sponsored an anti-busing resolution with Wallace at the 1971 National Governors Conference.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERome_News-Tribune1971c-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997212–213-91">[89]</a> After the U.S. Supreme Court struck down Georgia's <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Capital punishment in Georgia (U.S. state)">death penalty</a> statute in <a href="/wiki/Furman_v._Georgia" title="Furman v. Georgia">Furman v. Georgia</a> (1972), Carter signed a revised statute that addressed the court's objections, thus reintroducing the practice in the state. He later regretted endorsing the death penalty, saying, "I didn't see the injustice of it as I do now."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPilkington2013-92">[90]</a> Ineligible for a second consecutive term under the 1945 Georgia Constitution, Carter considered running for president and engaged in national politics. He was named to several southern planning commissions and a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972 Democratic National Convention</a>, where U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> was the likely nominee. Carter tried to ingratiate himself with conservative and anti-McGovern voters. He was fairly obscure at the time, and his attempt at triangulation failed; the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets#1972" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">1972 Democratic ticket</a> was McGovern and Senator <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Thomas Eagleton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997221–230-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[c]</a> On August 3, Carter met with Wallace in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>, to discuss preventing the Democrats from losing in a landslide,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERome_News-Tribune1972c-96">[93]</a> but they did.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997234-97">[94]</a> Carter regularly met with his fledgling campaign staff and decided to start putting together a presidential campaign for 1976. He tried unsuccessfully to become chairman of the <a href="/wiki/National_Governors_Association" title="National Governors Association">National Governors Association</a> to boost his visibility. With <a href="/wiki/David_Rockefeller" title="David Rockefeller">David Rockefeller</a>'s endorsement, he was named to the <a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Commission" title="Trilateral Commission">Trilateral Commission</a> in April 1973. The next year, he was named chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a>'s congressional and gubernatorial campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997237–250-98">[95]</a> In May 1973, Carter warned his party against politicizing the <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERome_News-Tribune1973b-99">[96]</a> which he attributed to president <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>'s isolation from Americans and secretive decision-making.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERome_News-Tribune1973c-100">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1976_presidential_campaign">1976 presidential campaign</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1976 presidential campaign">Jimmy Carter 1976 presidential campaign</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign_logo_from_poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign_logo_from_poster.jpg/220px-Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign_logo_from_poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign_logo_from_poster.jpg/330px-Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign_logo_from_poster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign_logo_from_poster.jpg/440px-Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign_logo_from_poster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>Carter's presidential campaign logo</figcaption></figure> On December 12, 1974, Carter announced his presidential campaign at the <a href="/wiki/National_Press_Club_(United_States)" title="National Press Club (United States)">National Press Club</a> in Washington, D.C. His speech contained themes of domestic inequality, optimism, and change.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> Upon his entrance in the Democratic primaries, he was competing against sixteen other candidates, and was considered to have little chance against the more nationally known politicians such as Wallace.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> His name recognition was very low, and his opponents derisively asked "Jimmy Who?".<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> In response to this, Carter began to emphasize his name and what he stood for, stating "My name is Jimmy Carter, and I'm running for president."<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> This strategy proved successful. By mid-March 1976, Carter was not only far ahead of the active contenders for the presidential nomination, but led incumbent Republican president <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> by a few percentage points.<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> As the Watergate scandal was still fresh in the voters' minds, Carter's position as an outsider, distant from Washington, D.C. proved helpful. He promoted government reorganization. In June, Carter published a memoir titled Why Not the Best? to help introduce himself to the American public.<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1976-07-15CarterMondaleDNC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/1976-07-15CarterMondaleDNC.jpg/220px-1976-07-15CarterMondaleDNC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/1976-07-15CarterMondaleDNC.jpg/330px-1976-07-15CarterMondaleDNC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/1976-07-15CarterMondaleDNC.jpg/440px-1976-07-15CarterMondaleDNC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2381" data-file-height="2381" /></a><figcaption>Carter and his running mate <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a> in New York City, July 1976</figcaption></figure> Carter became the front-runner early on by winning the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucuses" title="Iowa caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire primary</a>. His strategy involved reaching a region before another candidate could extend influence there, traveling over 50,000 miles (80,000 kilometres), visiting 37 states, and delivering over 200 speeches before any other candidate had entered the race.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> In the South, he tacitly conceded certain areas to Wallace and swept them as a moderate when it became clear Wallace could not win the region. In the North, Carter appealed largely to conservative Christian and rural voters. While he did not achieve a majority in most Northern states, he won several by building the largest singular support base. Although Carter was initially dismissed as a regional candidate, he would clinch the Democratic nomination.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> In 1980, Laurence Shoup noted that the national news media discovered and promoted Carter, and stated: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">What Carter had that his opponents did not was the acceptance and support of elite sectors of the mass communications media. It was their favorable coverage of Carter and his campaign that gave him an edge, propelling him rocket-like to the top of the opinion polls. This helped Carter win key primary election victories, enabling him to rise from an obscure public figure to President-elect in the short space of 9 months.<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carter_and_Ford_in_a_debate,_September_23,_1976_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A monochrome picture of Carter and Ford, both standing at podiums during a debate." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Carter_and_Ford_in_a_debate%2C_September_23%2C_1976_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Carter_and_Ford_in_a_debate%2C_September_23%2C_1976_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Carter_and_Ford_in_a_debate%2C_September_23%2C_1976_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Carter_and_Ford_in_a_debate%2C_September_23%2C_1976_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Carter_and_Ford_in_a_debate%2C_September_23%2C_1976_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Carter_and_Ford_in_a_debate%2C_September_23%2C_1976_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4163" data-file-height="2714" /></a><figcaption>Carter and President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> debating at the <a href="/wiki/Walnut_Street_Theatre" title="Walnut Street Theatre">Walnut Street Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, September 1976</figcaption></figure> During an interview in April 1976, Carter said, "I have nothing against a community that is... trying to maintain the ethnic purity of their neighborhoods."<a href="#cite_note-Time_1976-04-19-111">[108]</a> His remark was intended as supportive of <a href="/wiki/Open_housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Open housing">open housing</a> laws, but specifying opposition to government efforts to "inject black families into a white neighborhood just to create some sort <a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">of integration</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Time_1976-04-19-111">[108]</a> Carter's stated positions during his campaign included public financing of congressional campaigns,<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> his support for the creation of a federal consumer protection agency,<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> creating a separate cabinet-level department for education,<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> signing a peace treaty with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> to limit nuclear weapons,<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> reducing the defense budget,<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> a tax proposal implementing "a substantial increase toward those who have the higher incomes" alongside a levy reduction on taxpayers with lower and middle incomes,<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> making multiple amendments to the <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Act" title="Social Security Act">Social Security Act</a>,<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> and having a balanced budget by the end of his first term of office.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> On July 15, 1976, Carter <a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1976 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">chose</a> U.S. senator <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> as his running mate.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> Carter and Ford faced off in three televised debates,<a href="#cite_note-Howard,_Adam_NBC_News-121">[118]</a> the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_debates" title="United States presidential debates">United States presidential debates</a> since 1960.<a href="#cite_note-Howard,_Adam_NBC_News-121">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> For the November 1976 issue of <a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a>, which hit newsstands a couple of weeks before the election, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scheer" title="Robert Scheer">Robert Scheer</a> interviewed Carter. While discussing his religion's view of pride, Carter said: "I've looked on a lot of women with lust. I've committed adultery in my heart many times."<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> This response and his admission in another interview that he did not mind if people uttered the word "fuck" led to a media feeding frenzy and critics lamenting the erosion of boundary between politicians and their private intimate lives.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election">Election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976 United States presidential election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1976.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the 1976 presidential election. Most western states are red while the majority of eastern states are blue." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ElectoralCollege1976.svg/300px-ElectoralCollege1976.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ElectoralCollege1976.svg/450px-ElectoralCollege1976.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ElectoralCollege1976.svg/600px-ElectoralCollege1976.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>The electoral map of the 1976 election</figcaption></figure> Carter once had a sizable lead over Ford in national polling, but by late September his lead had narrowed to only several points.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> In the final days before the election, several polls showed that Ford had tied Carter, and one <a href="/wiki/Gallup_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup Inc.">Gallup</a> poll found that he was now slightly ahead.<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> Most analysts agreed that Carter was going to win the <a href="/wiki/Popular_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular vote">popular vote</a>, but some argued Ford had an opportunity to win the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">electoral college</a> and thus the election.<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> Carter and Mondale ultimately defeated Ford and his runningmate (Senator <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a>), receiving 297 electoral votes and 50.1% of the popular vote to Ford's 240 electoral votes and 48.0% of the popular vote.<a href="#cite_note-Toledo_Blade-1976-131">[128]</a> Carter's victory was attributed in part<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a> to his overwhelming support among black voters in states decided by close margins, such as <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana" title="1976 United States presidential election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1976 United States presidential election in Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1976 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1976 United States presidential election in Missouri">Missouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi" title="1976 United States presidential election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1976 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1976 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bhuh43-133">[130]</a> In Ohio and Wisconsin, where the margin between Carter and Ford was under two points, the black vote was crucial for Carter; if he had not won both states, Ford would have won the election.<a href="#cite_note-bhuh43-133">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> Ford phoned Carter to congratulate him shortly after the race was called. He was unable to concede in front of television cameras due to bad <a href="/wiki/Hoarse_voice" title="Hoarse voice">hoarse voice</a>, and so First Lady <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty</a> did so for him.<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> Vice President <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> oversaw the certification of election results on January 6, 1977. Although Ford carried Washington, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Padden" title="Mike Padden">Mike Padden</a>, an elector from there, cast his vote for <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, the then-governor of California and Carter's eventual successor.<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transition">Transition</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidential transition of Jimmy Carter">Presidential transition of Jimmy Carter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ford_and_President-Elect_Jimmy_Carter_Walking_Through_the_Rose_Garden_Prior_to_Their_Meeting_to_Discuss_the_Presidential_Transition_-_NARA_-_45644333_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/President_Ford_and_President-Elect_Jimmy_Carter_Walking_Through_the_Rose_Garden_Prior_to_Their_Meeting_to_Discuss_the_Presidential_Transition_-_NARA_-_45644333_%281%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/President_Ford_and_President-Elect_Jimmy_Carter_Walking_Through_the_Rose_Garden_Prior_to_Their_Meeting_to_Discuss_the_Presidential_Transition_-_NARA_-_45644333_%281%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/President_Ford_and_President-Elect_Jimmy_Carter_Walking_Through_the_Rose_Garden_Prior_to_Their_Meeting_to_Discuss_the_Presidential_Transition_-_NARA_-_45644333_%281%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1218" data-file-height="1425" /></a><figcaption>Carter walking with Ford in the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden" title="White House Rose Garden">White House Rose Garden</a> following the election, November 22, 1976</figcaption></figure> Preliminary planning for Carter's <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_transition" title="United States presidential transition">presidential transition</a> had already been underway for months before his election.<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-Voxtransition1-138">[135]</a> Carter had been the first presidential candidate to allot significant funds and a significant number of personnel to a pre-election transition planning effort, which then became standard practice.<a href="#cite_note-burke2004-139">[136]</a> He set a mold that influenced all future transitions to be larger, more methodical and more formal than they were.<a href="#cite_note-burke2004-139">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-Voxtransition1-138">[135]</a> On November 22, 1976, Carter conducted his first visit to Washington, D.C. after being elected, meeting with director of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Lynn" class="mw-redirect" title="James Lynn">James Lynn</a> and United States secretary of defense <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Blair_House" title="Blair House">Blair House</a>, and holding an afternoon meeting with President Ford at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a> The next day, he conferred with congressional leaders, saying that his meetings with cabinet members had been "very helpful" and that Ford had offered his assistance if he needed anything.<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> Relations between Ford and Carter were relatively cold during the transition.<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> During his transition, Carter announced the selection of numerous designees for positions in his administration.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a> A few weeks before his inauguration, Carter moved his peanut business into the hands of trustees to avoid a potential <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_interest" title="Conflict of interest">conflict of interest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> He also asked incoming members of his administration to divest themselves of assets through <a href="/wiki/Blind_trust" title="Blind trust">blind trusts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency_(1977–1981)">Presidency (1977–1981)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Presidency of Jimmy Carter</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency">Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Inauguration of Jimmy Carter">Inauguration of Jimmy Carter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Carter_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A painting of Carter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/President_Carter_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg/170px-President_Carter_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/President_Carter_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg/255px-President_Carter_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/President_Carter_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg/340px-President_Carter_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Image of President Carter displayed in the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)" title="National Portrait Gallery (United States)">National Portrait Gallery</a>, Washington, D.C. Portrait by Robert Templeton.</figcaption></figure> Carter was inaugurated as the 39th president on January 20, 1977.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> One of Carter's first acts was the fulfillment of a campaign promise by issuing an <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive order</a> declaring unconditional <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a> for <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Draft_evaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Draft evaders">draft evaders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_4483" title="Proclamation 4483">Proclamation 4483</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> Carter's tenure in office was marked by an economic malaise, a time of <a href="/wiki/Early_1980s_recession_in_the_United_States" title="Early 1980s recession in the United States">continuing inflation and recession</a> and a <a href="/wiki/1979_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 energy crisis">1979 energy crisis</a>. Under Carter, in May 1980, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> became "apparently the first agency ever closed by a budget dispute", but Congress took action and the agency opened the next day.<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> Carter attempted to calm various conflicts around the world, most visibly in the Middle East with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a>;<a href="#cite_note-achievement.org-150">[147]</a> <a href="/wiki/Torrijos%E2%80%93Carter_Treaties" title="Torrijos–Carter Treaties">giving back the Panama Canal</a> to Panama; and signing the <a href="/wiki/Salt_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt II">SALT II nuclear arms reduction treaty</a> with Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a>. His final year was marred by the <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a>, which contributed to his losing the <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980 election</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> Whistleblowers have alleged, most recently in 2023, that people working on the Reagan campaign's behalf <a href="/wiki/October_surprise_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="October surprise conspiracy theory">convinced Iran to prolong the crisis</a> to reduce Carter's chance of reelection.<a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Holidays_and_proclamations">Holidays and proclamations</h4></div> In 1978, Carter signed into law a bill creating a celebration in May called Asian American Heritage Week. May 7 and 10 were designated for national observance and recognition of the contributions of Asian Americans and Asian immigrants to American society. <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mineta" title="Norman Mineta">Norman Mineta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Daniel Inouye</a>, and other members of Congress and Asian American activists pushed for the bill's passage. Representative <a href="/wiki/Frank_Horton_(New_York_politician)" title="Frank Horton (New York politician)">Frank Horton</a> introduced the bill in the House of Representatives in 1977. In 1992, President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> signed a bill expanding the celebration into <a href="/wiki/Asian_American_Heritage_Month" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American Heritage Month">Asian American Heritage Month</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> In 2021, President Biden signed a bill renaming this celebration Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Heritage Month.<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economy">Economy</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inflation_Yen_USD_1971-2009_de.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A chart regarding inflation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Inflation_Yen_USD_1971-2009_de.svg/300px-Inflation_Yen_USD_1971-2009_de.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Inflation_Yen_USD_1971-2009_de.svg/450px-Inflation_Yen_USD_1971-2009_de.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Inflation_Yen_USD_1971-2009_de.svg/600px-Inflation_Yen_USD_1971-2009_de.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption>Inflation rate of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">yen</a> and USD, 1971–2009</figcaption></figure> Carter's presidency had a troubled economic history of two roughly equal periods. The first two years were a time of intense <a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">stagflation</a>, primarily due to recovery from <a href="/wiki/1973%E2%80%931975_recession" title="1973–1975 recession">a previous recession</a> that had left fixed investment at extreme lows and unemployment at 9%.<a href="#cite_note-stat_88-155">[152]</a> Under Carter, the unemployment rate declined from 8.1% when he took office to 5.7% by July 1978,<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> but during the <a href="/wiki/Early_1980s_recession_in_the_United_States" title="Early 1980s recession in the United States">early 1980s recession</a> it returned to its pre-1977 level.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics" title="Bureau of Labor Statistics">Bureau of Labor Statistics</a> (BLS) measured a 6.6% unemployment rate average during the Carter administration.<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a> His last two years were marked by double-digit inflation, very high interest rates,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997447-160">[157]</a> oil shortages, and slow economic growth.<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a> Due to economic stimulus legislation, such as the Public Works Employment Act of 1977, proposed by Carter and passed by Congress, real household median income had grown by 5.2%, with a projection of 6.4% for the next quarter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997422-162">[159]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1979_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 energy crisis">1979 energy crisis</a> ended this period of growth, and as inflation and interest rates rose, economic growth, job creation and <a href="/wiki/Consumer_confidence" title="Consumer confidence">consumer confidence</a> declined sharply.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997447-160">[157]</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve Board">Federal Reserve Board</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/G._William_Miller" title="G. William Miller">G. William Miller</a>'s relatively loose <a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy" title="Monetary policy">monetary policy</a> had already contributed to somewhat higher inflation,<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> rising from 5.8% in 1976 to 7.7% in 1978. The sudden doubling of <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> prices by <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a>, the world's leading oil exporting <a href="/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel">cartel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> forced inflation to double-digit levels, averaging 11.3% in 1979 and 13.5% in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-stat_88-155">[152]</a> The sudden shortage of gasoline as the 1979 summer vacation season began exacerbated the problem and came to symbolize the crisis to the general public;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997447-160">[157]</a> the acute shortage, originating in the shutdown of <a href="/wiki/Amerada_Hess" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerada Hess">Amerada Hess</a> refining facilities, led the federal government to sue the company that year.<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environment">Environment</h4></div> During his 1976 campaign, Carter promised to sign into law any bills Congress passed to regulate <a href="/wiki/Strip_mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Strip mining">strip mining</a>. This was partially in response to President Ford's having twice vetoed such bills.<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a> In 1977, Carter signed the <a href="/wiki/Surface_Mining_Control_and_Reclamation_Act_of_1977" title="Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977">Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977</a>, which regulated strip mining.<a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> In 1978, Carter declared a federal emergency in the <a href="/wiki/Love_Canal" title="Love Canal">Love Canal</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls, New York</a>. More than 800 families were evacuated from the neighborhood, which was on top of a <a href="/wiki/Toxic_waste" title="Toxic waste">toxic waste</a> landfill. The <a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">Superfund</a> law was created in response to the situation.<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a> Federal disaster money was appropriated to demolish about 500 houses, the 99th Street School, and the 93rd Street School, which had all been built atop the dump, and to remediate the dump and construct a containment area for the hazardous waste. This was the first time such a process had been undertaken. Carter acknowledged that several more "Love Canals" existed across the country, and that discovering such hazardous dump sites was "one of the grimmest discoveries of our modern era".<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> In December 1978, Carter used the <a href="/wiki/1906_Antiquities_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="1906 Antiquities Act">1906 Antiquities Act</a> and his executive order power to designate 56,000,000 acres (23,000,000 ha) of land in Alaska as a national monument. This executive order protected the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Arctic National Wildlife Refuge">Arctic National Wildlife Refuge</a> until Congress codified it into law with the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_National_Interest_Lands_Conservation_Act_of_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980">Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980</a>, which doubled the amount of public land set aside for national parks and wildlife refuges.<a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="U.S._energy_crisis">U.S. energy crisis</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1979_oil_crisis" title="1979 oil crisis">1979 oil crisis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carter_leaving_Three_Mile_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Carter_leaving_Three_Mile_Island.jpg/220px-Carter_leaving_Three_Mile_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Carter_leaving_Three_Mile_Island.jpg/330px-Carter_leaving_Three_Mile_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Carter_leaving_Three_Mile_Island.jpg/440px-Carter_leaving_Three_Mile_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2930" data-file-height="1947" /></a><figcaption>Carter at <a href="/wiki/Three_Mile_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Mile Island">Three Mile Island</a> nuclear accident, April 1979</figcaption></figure> Moralism typified much of Carter's action.<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a> On April 18, 1977, he delivered a televised speech declaring that the current energy crisis was the "moral equivalent of war". He encouraged <a href="/wiki/Energy_conservation" title="Energy conservation">energy conservation</a> and installed <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_at_the_White_House" title="Solar power at the White House">solar water heating panels on the White House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> He wore a <a href="/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)" title="Cardigan (sweater)">cardigan</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> to offset turning down the heat in the White House.<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> On August 4, 1977, Carter signed the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Energy_Organization_Act_of_1977" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977">Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977</a>, forming the Department of Energy, the first new cabinet position in eleven years.<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> Carter emphasized that the House of Representatives had "adopted almost all" of the energy proposal he had made five months earlier and called the compromise "a turning point in establishing a comprehensive energy program."<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> The following month, on October 13, Carter stated he believed in the Senate's ability to pass the energy reform bill and identified energy as "the most important domestic issue that we will face while I am in office."<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> On January 12, 1978, during a press conference, Carter said the continued discussions about his energy reform proposal had been "long and divisive and arduous" as well as hindering to national issues that needed to be addressed with the implementation of the law.<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> In an April 11, 1978, news conference, Carter said his biggest surprise "in the nature of a disappointment" since becoming president was the difficulty Congress had in passing legislation, citing the energy reform bill in particular: "I never dreamed a year ago in April when I proposed this matter to the Congress that a year later it still would not be resolved."<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> The Carter energy legislation was approved by Congress after much deliberation and modification on October 15, 1978. The measure deregulated the sale of natural gas, dropped a longstanding pricing disparity between intra- and interstate gas, and created tax credits to encourage energy conservation and the use of non-fossil fuels.<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> On March 1, 1979, Carter submitted a standby <a href="/wiki/Rationing_in_the_United_States" title="Rationing in the United States">gasoline rationing plan</a> per the request of Congress.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> On April 5, he delivered an address in which he stressed the urgency of energy conservation and increasing domestic production of energy sources such as coal and solar.<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a> During an April 30 news conference, he said it was imperative that the House commerce committee approve the standby gasoline rationing plan and called on Congress to pass the several other standby energy conservation plans he had proposed.<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> On July 15, 1979, Carter delivered a nationally televised address in which he identified what he believed to be a "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Crisis_of_Confidence" class="extiw" title="s:The Crisis of Confidence">crisis of confidence</a>" among American people,<a href="#cite_note-millercenter1979-186">[183]</a> under the advisement of pollster <a href="/wiki/Pat_Caddell" class="mw-redirect" title="Pat Caddell">Pat Caddell</a> who believed Americans faced a crisis in confidence from events of the 1960s and 1970s, before his presidency.<a href="#cite_note-crisis_speech-187">[184]</a> Some later called this his "<a href="/wiki/Malaise" title="Malaise">malaise</a> speech",<a href="#cite_note-millercenter1979-186">[183]</a> memorable for mixed reactions<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> and his use of rhetoric.<a href="#cite_note-crisis_speech-187">[184]</a> The speech's negative reception centered on a view that he did not emphasize his own efforts to address the energy crisis and seemed too reliant on Americans.<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Relations_with_Congress">Relations with Congress</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Carter_addresses_a_Joint_Session_of_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/President_Carter_addresses_a_Joint_Session_of_Congress.jpg/220px-President_Carter_addresses_a_Joint_Session_of_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/President_Carter_addresses_a_Joint_Session_of_Congress.jpg/330px-President_Carter_addresses_a_Joint_Session_of_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/President_Carter_addresses_a_Joint_Session_of_Congress.jpg/440px-President_Carter_addresses_a_Joint_Session_of_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4244" data-file-height="2716" /></a><figcaption>Carter addressing members of the U.S. Congress on September 18, 1978</figcaption></figure> Carter typically refused to conform to Washington's rules.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZelizer201053–55-191">[188]</a> He avoided phone calls from members of Congress and verbally insulted them. He was unwilling to return political favors. His negativity led to frustration in passing legislation.<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> During a press conference on February 23, 1977, Carter stated that it was "inevitable" that he would come into conflict with Congress and added that he had found "a growing sense of cooperation" with Congress and met in the past with congressional members of both parties.<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> Carter developed a bitter feeling following an unsuccessful attempt at having Congress enact the scrapping of several water projects,<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> which he had requested during his first 100 days in office and received opposition from members of his party.<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> As a rift ensued between the White House and Congress afterward, Carter noted that the Democratic Party's liberal wing opposed his policies the most ardently, attributing this to <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Ted Kennedy 1980 presidential campaign">Ted Kennedy's wanting the presidency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a> Thinking he had support from 74 Congressmen, Carter issued a "hit list" of 19 projects that he claimed were "pork barrel" spending that he said he would veto if they were included in legislation.<a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> He found himself again at odds with Congressional Democrats, as <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">Tip O'Neill</a> found it inappropriate for a president to pursue what had traditionally been the role of Congress. Carter was also weakened by signing a bill that contained many of the "hit list" projects he had intended to veto.<a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A monochrome image of Carter shaking hands with Joe Biden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg/220px-President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg/330px-President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg/440px-President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption>President Carter meeting with U.S. Senator and future president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> in 1978</figcaption></figure> In an address to a fundraising dinner for the Democratic National Committee on June 23, 1977, Carter said, "I think it's good to point out tonight, too, that we have evolved a good working relationship with the Congress. For eight years we had government by partisanship. Now we have government by partnership."<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> At a July 28 news conference, assessing the first six months of his presidency, Carter spoke of his improved understanding of Congress: "I have learned to respect the Congress more in an individual basis. I've been favorably impressed at the high degree of concentrated experience and knowledge that individual members of Congress can bring on a specific subject, where they've been the chairman of a subcommittee or committee for many years and have focused their attention on this particular aspect of government life which I will never be able to do."<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> On May 10, 1979, the House voted against giving Carter authority to produce a standby gas rationing plan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997436-201">[198]</a> The following day, Carter delivered remarks in the Oval Office describing himself as shocked and embarrassed for the American government by the vote and concluding "the majority of the House Members are unwilling to take the responsibility, the political responsibility for dealing with a potential, serious threat to our Nation." He furthered that a majority of House members were placing higher importance on "local or parochial interests" and challenged the lower chamber of Congress with composing their own rationing plan in the next 90 days.<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> Carter's remarks were met with criticism by House Republicans, who accused his comments of not befitting the formality a president should have in their public remarks. Others pointed to 106 Democrats voting against his proposal and the bipartisan criticism potentially coming back to haunt him.<a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a> At the start of a news conference on July 25, 1979, Carter called on believers in the future of the U.S. and his proposed energy program to speak with Congress as it bore the responsibility to impose his proposals.<a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a> Amid the energy proposal opposition, The New York Times commented that "as the comments flying up and down Pennsylvania Avenue illustrate, there is also a crisis of confidence between Congress and the President, sense of doubt and distrust that threatens to undermine the President's legislative program and become an important issue in next year's campaign."<a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deregulation">Deregulation</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Airline_Deregulation_Act" title="Airline Deregulation Act">Airline Deregulation Act</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AirlineDeregulationAct.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carter surrounded by a crowd of people as he signs the Airline Deregulation Act." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/AirlineDeregulationAct.png/220px-AirlineDeregulationAct.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/AirlineDeregulationAct.png/330px-AirlineDeregulationAct.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/AirlineDeregulationAct.png/440px-AirlineDeregulationAct.png 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Carter signing the <a href="/wiki/Airline_Deregulation_Act" title="Airline Deregulation Act">Airline Deregulation Act</a>, 1978</figcaption></figure> In 1977, Carter appointed <a href="/wiki/Alfred_E._Kahn" title="Alfred E. Kahn">Alfred E. Kahn</a> to lead the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Aeronautics_Board" title="Civil Aeronautics Board">Civil Aeronautics Board</a> (CAB). He was part of a push for deregulation of the industry, supported by leading economists, leading think tanks in Washington, a civil society coalition advocating the reform (patterned on a coalition earlier developed for the truck-and-rail-reform efforts), the head of the regulatory agency, Senate leadership, the Carter administration, and even some in the airline industry. This coalition swiftly gained legislative results in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a> Carter signed the <a href="/wiki/Airline_Deregulation_Act" title="Airline Deregulation Act">Airline Deregulation Act</a> into law on October 24, 1978. The main purpose of the act was to <a href="/wiki/Airline_deregulation" title="Airline deregulation">remove government control</a> over fares, routes and market entry (of new airlines) from <a href="/wiki/Commercial_aviation" title="Commercial aviation">commercial aviation</a>. The Civil Aeronautics Board's powers of regulation were to be phased out, eventually allowing market forces to determine routes and fares. The Act did not remove or diminish the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> (FAA)'s regulatory powers over all aspects of airline safety.<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> In 1978, Carter signed a bill into law "allowing homebrewing and small-scale craft brewing to operate legally".<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a> The new law deregulated the American beer industry by making it legal to sell <a href="/wiki/Malt" title="Malt">malt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">hops</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a> to American <a href="/wiki/Homebrewing" title="Homebrewing">home brewers</a> for the first time since the 1920 beginning of <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">prohibition in the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a> This deregulation led to an increase in home brewing over the 1980s and 1990s that by the 2000s had developed into a strong craft <a href="/wiki/Microbrewery" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbrewery">microbrew</a> culture in the United States, with 9,118 microbreweries, brewpubs, and regional craft breweries in the United States by the end of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chrysler_bailout">Chrysler bailout</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Corporation_Loan_Guarantee_Act_of_1979" title="Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979">Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979</a></div> In the late 1970s, the <a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler Cooperation</a>—one of the "<a href="/wiki/Big_Three_(automobile_manufacturers)" title="Big Three (automobile manufacturers)">Big Three</a>" automobile manufacturers in the U.S.—faced near-certain bankruptcy as it projected a loss of $1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-derg55-211">[208]</a> Carter proposed that the company forgo salary increases and bonuses, saying that it might be done "without decimating the company or putting it on its knees", but the company had already frozen wage increases and bonuses months before, to no avail.<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> In 1979, Congress began working on a <a href="/wiki/Bailout" title="Bailout">bailout</a> plan for Chrysler, led by Congressman <a href="/wiki/James_J._Blanchard" title="James J. Blanchard">James J. Blanchard</a>. Carter assembled a team that included Vice President Mondale and Assistant Domestic Policy Adviser <a href="/wiki/David_Rubenstein" title="David Rubenstein">David Rubenstein</a> to secure a $1.5 billion loan guarantee to rescue Chrysler.<a href="#cite_note-vr55b-213">[210]</a> In December, Congress passed H.R. 5860, the <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Corporation_Loan_Guarantee_Act_of_1979" title="Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979">Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979</a>, to bail Chrysler out with $3.5 billion (equivalent to $10.9 billion in 2023) in aid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufmanKaufman2006183-214">[211]</a> The bill turned over $162 million in stock to Chrysler's workers, eliminated around $125 million in wage increases, and gave Chrysler $500 million in bank loans.<a href="#cite_note-derg55-211">[208]</a> Carter, who had initially opposed the bailout of corporations,<a href="#cite_note-vr55b-213">[210]</a> signed it into law in January, saying that the bill saved thousands of jobs.<a href="#cite_note-derg55-211">[208]</a> The bailout was successful at the time, but Chrysler would eventually file for bankruptcy during the <a href="/wiki/2008_financial_crisis" title="2008 financial crisis">2008 financial crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vr55b-213">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h4></div> During his presidential campaign, Carter embraced healthcare reform akin to the <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a>-sponsored bipartisan <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal</a> <a href="/wiki/National_health_insurance" title="National health insurance">national health insurance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a> Carter's proposals on healthcare while in office included an April 1977 mandatory health care cost proposal,<a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a> and a June 1979 proposal that provided private health insurance coverage.<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> Carter saw the June 1979 proposal as a continuation of progress in American health coverage. President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> proposed a designation of health care as a basic right of Americans and <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a> were introduced under President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a> The April 1977 mandatory health care cost proposal was passed in the Senate,<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> but later defeated in the House.<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> During 1978, he met with Kennedy over a compromise healthcare law that proved unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZelizer201078-222">[219]</a> He later said Kennedy's disagreements thwarted his plan to provide a comprehensive American health care system.<a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> In 1980, Carter signed into law the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Systems_Act_of_1980" title="Mental Health Systems Act of 1980">Mental Health Systems (MHSA) Act</a>, which allocated <a href="/wiki/Block_grant" title="Block grant">block grants</a> to states to bolster the establishment and growth of community health services and provided funding to states to create and implement community-based health services. The MHSA was considered landmark legislation in mental health care.<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a> By September 1981, the Reagan administration had repealed most of the law.<a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Education_2">Education</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_speaks_at_the_Democratic_Mid-Term_Convention_-_NARA_-_182660.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jimmy_Carter_speaks_at_the_Democratic_Mid-Term_Convention_-_NARA_-_182660.tif/lossy-page1-250px-Jimmy_Carter_speaks_at_the_Democratic_Mid-Term_Convention_-_NARA_-_182660.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jimmy_Carter_speaks_at_the_Democratic_Mid-Term_Convention_-_NARA_-_182660.tif/lossy-page1-375px-Jimmy_Carter_speaks_at_the_Democratic_Mid-Term_Convention_-_NARA_-_182660.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jimmy_Carter_speaks_at_the_Democratic_Mid-Term_Convention_-_NARA_-_182660.tif/lossy-page1-500px-Jimmy_Carter_speaks_at_the_Democratic_Mid-Term_Convention_-_NARA_-_182660.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2052" /></a><figcaption>Jimmy Carter speaks at the Democratic Mid-Term Convention in 1978.</figcaption></figure> Early into his term, Carter collaborated with Congress to fulfill his campaign promise to create a cabinet level education department. In an address from the White House on February 28, 1978, Carter argued "Education is far too important a matter to be scattered piecemeal among various government departments and agencies, which are often busy with sometimes dominant concerns."<a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> On February 8, 1979, the Carter administration released an outline of its plan to establish an education department and asserted enough support for the enactment to occur by June.<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a> On October 17, the same year, Carter signed the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education_Organization_Act" title="Department of Education Organization Act">Department of Education Organization Act</a> into law,<a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> establishing the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">United States Department of Education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a> Carter expanded the <a href="/wiki/Head_Start_(program)" title="Head Start (program)">Head Start</a> program with the addition of 43,000 children and families,<a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a> while the percentage of nondefense dollars spent on education was doubled.<a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> Carter was complimentary of the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson</a> and the <a href="/wiki/89th_United_States_Congress" title="89th United States Congress">89th United States Congress</a> for having initiated Head Start.<a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a> In a speech on November 1, 1980, Carter stated his administration had extended Head Start to migrant children and was "working hard right now with <a href="/wiki/Senator_Bentsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Senator Bentsen">Senator Bentsen</a> and with <a href="/wiki/Kika_de_la_Garza" title="Kika de la Garza">Kika de la Garza</a> to make as much as $45 million available in federal money in the border districts to help with the increase in school construction for the number of Mexican school children who reside here legally".<a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LGBTQ_rights">LGBTQ rights</h4></div> During Carter's administration, the United States Foreign Service "lifted its ban on gay and lesbian personnel". In 1977, the Carter administration became the first U.S. presidential administration to invite gay and lesbian rights activists to the White House to discuss federal policy with regard to ending employment discrimination in the federal government on the basis of sexual orientation and related issues (presidential advisor <a href="/wiki/Midge_Costanza" title="Midge Costanza">Midge Costanza</a> issued the invitation).<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Jimmy Carter administration">Foreign policy of the Jimmy Carter administration</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camp_David,_Menachem_Begin,_Anwar_Sadat,_1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sadat, Carter, and Begin together during the Camp David accords" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Camp_David%2C_Menachem_Begin%2C_Anwar_Sadat%2C_1978.jpg/220px-Camp_David%2C_Menachem_Begin%2C_Anwar_Sadat%2C_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Camp_David%2C_Menachem_Begin%2C_Anwar_Sadat%2C_1978.jpg/330px-Camp_David%2C_Menachem_Begin%2C_Anwar_Sadat%2C_1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Camp_David%2C_Menachem_Begin%2C_Anwar_Sadat%2C_1978.jpg/440px-Camp_David%2C_Menachem_Begin%2C_Anwar_Sadat%2C_1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2207" data-file-height="1218" /></a><figcaption>Anwar Sadat, Jimmy Carter, and Menachem Begin meet at Camp David on September 6, 1978.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israel_and_Egypt">Israel and Egypt</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter#Camp_David_Accords" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Presidency of Jimmy Carter § Camp David Accords</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dan_Hadani_collection_(990045970050205171).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carter standing alongside Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin, during his 1979 visit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990045970050205171%29.jpg/220px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990045970050205171%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990045970050205171%29.jpg/330px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990045970050205171%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990045970050205171%29.jpg/440px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990045970050205171%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3359" data-file-height="2191" /></a><figcaption>Carter standing alongside Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a>, during his 1979 visit</figcaption></figure> From the onset of his presidency, Carter attempted to mediate the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter2020388–417-235">[232]</a> After a failed attempt to seek a comprehensive settlement between the two nations in 1977 (through reconvening the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conference_(1973)" title="Geneva Conference (1973)">1973 Geneva conference</a>),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufmanKaufman200653–56-236">[233]</a> Carter invited the Egyptian president <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> and Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> to the presidential lodge Camp David in September 1978, in hopes of creating a definitive peace. While the two sides could not agree on Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank, the negotiations resulted in Egypt formally recognizing Israel, and the creation of an elected government in the West Bank and Gaza. This resulted in the Camp David Accords, which ended the war between Israel and Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerring2008841–842-237">[234]</a> The accords were a source of great domestic opposition in both Egypt and Israel. Historian Jørgen Jensehaugen argues that by the time Carter left office in January 1981, he was "in an odd position—he had attempted to break with traditional U.S. policy but ended up fulfilling the goals of that tradition, which had been to break up the Arab alliance, sideline the Palestinians, build an alliance with Egypt, weaken the Soviet Union and secure Israel."<a href="#cite_note-238">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Africa">Africa</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carter_Nyerere,_August_1977_-_NARA_175790.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Carters and Julius Nyerere standing next to each other outside." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Carter_Nyerere%2C_August_1977_-_NARA_175790.jpg/220px-Carter_Nyerere%2C_August_1977_-_NARA_175790.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Carter_Nyerere%2C_August_1977_-_NARA_175790.jpg/330px-Carter_Nyerere%2C_August_1977_-_NARA_175790.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Carter_Nyerere%2C_August_1977_-_NARA_175790.jpg/440px-Carter_Nyerere%2C_August_1977_-_NARA_175790.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2958" data-file-height="2012" /></a><figcaption>First Lady <a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a>, Tanzanian leader <a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a>, and Carter, 1977</figcaption></figure> In an address to the African officials at the United Nations on October 4, 1977, Carter stated the U.S.'s interest to "see a strong, vigorous, free, and prosperous Africa with as much of the control of government as possible in the hands of the residents of your countries" and pointed to their unified efforts on "the problem of how to resolve the Rhodesian, Zimbabwe question."<a href="#cite_note-239">[236]</a> At a news conference later that month, Carter said the U.S. wanted to "work harmoniously with South Africa in dealing with the threats to peace in Namibia and in Zimbabwe in particular", to do away with racial issues such as apartheid, and to work for equal opportunities in other facets of society in the region.<a href="#cite_note-240">[237]</a> Despite human rights concerns, Carter continued U.S. support for <a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Mobutu Sese Seko</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zaire" title="Zaire">Zaire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a> Zaire received nearly half the foreign aid Carter allocated to sub-Saharan Africa.<a href="#cite_note-242">[239]</a> Under Carter an alliance with Liberia's <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Doe" title="Samuel Doe">Samuel Doe</a>, who had come to power in a <a href="/wiki/1980_Liberian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Liberian coup d'état">1980 coup</a>, was pursued.<a href="#cite_note-243">[240]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olusegun_Obasanjo_and_Jimmy_Carter-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carter standing alongside Olusegun Obasanjo outside." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Olusegun_Obasanjo_and_Jimmy_Carter-02.jpg/220px-Olusegun_Obasanjo_and_Jimmy_Carter-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Olusegun_Obasanjo_and_Jimmy_Carter-02.jpg/330px-Olusegun_Obasanjo_and_Jimmy_Carter-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Olusegun_Obasanjo_and_Jimmy_Carter-02.jpg/440px-Olusegun_Obasanjo_and_Jimmy_Carter-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2954" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption>Carter with Nigerian leader <a href="/wiki/Olusegun_Obasanjo" title="Olusegun Obasanjo">Olusegun Obasanjo</a> on April 1, 1978</figcaption></figure> Carter visited Nigeria from March 31 to April 3, 1978, to improve relations;<a href="#cite_note-244">[241]</a> the first U.S. president to do so.<a href="#cite_note-history.state.gov-245">[242]</a> He reiterated interest in convening a peace conference on Rhodesia that involved all parties and said the U.S. was moving as it could.<a href="#cite_note-246">[243]</a> The elections of <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> as <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of the United Kingdom">prime minister of the United Kingdom</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[244]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abel_Muzorewa" title="Abel Muzorewa">Abel Muzorewa</a> for <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia" title="Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia">Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-248">[245]</a> South Africa turning down a plan for <a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa" title="South West Africa">South West Africa</a>'s independence, and domestic opposition in Congress were seen as a heavy blow to the Carter administration's policy toward South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-249">[246]</a> On May 16, 1979, the Senate voted in favor of lifting economic sanctions against <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>, seen by some Rhodesians and South Africans as a potentially fatal blow to joint diplomacy efforts the United States and Britain had pursued in the region for three years and any compromise between the Salisbury leaders and guerrillas.<a href="#cite_note-250">[247]</a> On December 3, Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Cyrus Vance</a> promised Senator <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Jesse Helms</a> that when the British governor arrived in <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Salisbury</a> to implement an agreed Lancaster House settlement and the electoral process began, the President would take prompt action to lift sanctions against Zimbabwe Rhodesia.<a href="#cite_note-251">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carter_DengXiaoping_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carter standing next to Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Carter_DengXiaoping_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Carter_DengXiaoping_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Carter_DengXiaoping_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Carter_DengXiaoping_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Carter_DengXiaoping_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Carter_DengXiaoping_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2404" data-file-height="1791" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> with Carter in 1979</figcaption></figure> Carter sought closer relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC), continuing the Nixon administration's drastic policy of rapprochement. The two countries increasingly collaborated against the Soviet Union, and the Carter administration tacitly consented to the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">Chinese invasion of Vietnam</a>. In December 1978, he announced the United States' intention to formally recognize and establish full diplomatic relations with the PRC starting on January 1, 1979, while severing ties with <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, including revoking a mutual defense treaty with the latter.<a href="#cite_note-252">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[250]</a> In 1979, Carter extended formal diplomatic recognition to the PRC for the first time. This decision led to a boom in trade between the United States and the PRC, which was pursuing economic reforms under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerring2008839–840-254">[251]</a> Carter supported the China-allied <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> regime in <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Kampuchea" title="Democratic Kampuchea">Cambodia</a> fighting the Soviet-backed <a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Vietnamese invasion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[252]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carter_Nixon_Deng.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Carter_Nixon_Deng.png/220px-Carter_Nixon_Deng.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Carter_Nixon_Deng.png/330px-Carter_Nixon_Deng.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Carter_Nixon_Deng.png/440px-Carter_Nixon_Deng.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Carter speaking with Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> at the White House</figcaption></figure> After the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet invasion of Afghanistan">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan</a>, Carter allowed the sale of military supplies to China and began negotiations to share military intelligence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerring2008855–856-256">[253]</a> In January 1980, Carter unilaterally revoked the <a href="/wiki/Sino-American_Mutual_Defense_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty">Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> (ROC), which had lost control of <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> to the PRC in 1949, but retained control of the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Island of Taiwan">island of Taiwan</a>. Conservative Republicans challenged Carter's abrogation of the treaty in court, but the Supreme Court ruled that the issue was a non-justiciable <a href="/wiki/Political_question" title="Political question">political question</a> in <a href="/wiki/Goldwater_v._Carter" title="Goldwater v. Carter">Goldwater v. Carter</a>. The U.S. continued to maintain quasi-diplomatic contacts with the ROC through the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Relations_Act" title="Taiwan Relations Act">Taiwan Relations Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[254]</a> During Carter's presidency, the U.S. continued to support <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> under <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> as a Cold War ally, despite <a href="/wiki/East_Timor_genocide" title="East Timor genocide">human rights violations</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Timor_(province)" title="East Timor (province)">East Timor</a>. The violations followed Indonesia's <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">December 1975 invasion and occupation</a> of East Timor. Under Carter's administration military assistance to Indonesia increased, peaking in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-258">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[256]</a> This was antithetical to Carter's stated policy of "not selling weapons if it would exacerbate a potential conflict in a region of the world".<a href="#cite_note-260">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[258]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Philippines</a>, Carter supported the regime of President <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-262">[259]</a> During a news conference on March 9, 1977, Carter reaffirmed his interest in having a gradual withdrawal of American troops from <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Republic_of_Korea" title="Fourth Republic of Korea">South Korea</a> and said he wanted South Korea to eventually have "adequate ground forces owned by and controlled by the South Korean government to protect themselves against any intrusion from North Korea."<a href="#cite_note-263">[260]</a> On May 19, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> quoted Chief of Staff of U.S. forces in South Korea <a href="/wiki/John_K._Singlaub" title="John K. Singlaub">John K. Singlaub</a> as criticizing Carter's withdrawal of troops from the Korean peninsula. Later that day, Press Secretary Rex Granum announced that Carter had summoned Singlaub to the White House, and confirmed that Carter had seen the Washington Post article.<a href="#cite_note-264">[261]</a> Carter relieved Singlaub of his duties on May 21 after a meeting between the two.<a href="#cite_note-265">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[263]</a> During a news conference on May 26, 1977, Carter said South Korea could defend itself with reduced American troops in case of conflict.<a href="#cite_note-267">[264]</a> From June 30 to July 1, 1979, Carter held meetings with <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">president of South Korea</a> <a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park Chung Hee</a> at the Blue House for a discussion on relations between the U.S. and South Korea as well as Carter's interest in preserving his policy of worldwide tension reduction.<a href="#cite_note-268">[265]</a> On April 21, 1978, Carter announced a reduction in American troops in South Korea scheduled to be released by the end of the year by two-thirds, citing lack of action by Congress in regard to a compensatory aid package for the South Korean government.<a href="#cite_note-269">[266]</a> He supported South Korean President <a href="/wiki/Chun_Doo-hwan" title="Chun Doo-hwan">Chun Doo-hwan</a> during the suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Gwangju_Uprising" title="Gwangju Uprising">Gwangju Uprising</a> in May 1980.<a href="#cite_note-270">[267]</a> South Korean pro-democracy activist <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a> was sentenced to death in September 1980, but his sentence was commuted after the intervention of presidents Carter and Reagan.<a href="#cite_note-271">[268]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iran">Iran</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_with_King_Hussein_of_Jordan_the_Shah_of_Iran_and_Shahbanou_of_Iran_-_NARA_-_177332_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carter standing alongside King Hussein and the Shah of Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Jimmy_Carter_with_King_Hussein_of_Jordan_the_Shah_of_Iran_and_Shahbanou_of_Iran_-_NARA_-_177332_04.jpg/220px-Jimmy_Carter_with_King_Hussein_of_Jordan_the_Shah_of_Iran_and_Shahbanou_of_Iran_-_NARA_-_177332_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Jimmy_Carter_with_King_Hussein_of_Jordan_the_Shah_of_Iran_and_Shahbanou_of_Iran_-_NARA_-_177332_04.jpg/330px-Jimmy_Carter_with_King_Hussein_of_Jordan_the_Shah_of_Iran_and_Shahbanou_of_Iran_-_NARA_-_177332_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Jimmy_Carter_with_King_Hussein_of_Jordan_the_Shah_of_Iran_and_Shahbanou_of_Iran_-_NARA_-_177332_04.jpg/440px-Jimmy_Carter_with_King_Hussein_of_Jordan_the_Shah_of_Iran_and_Shahbanou_of_Iran_-_NARA_-_177332_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2772" data-file-height="1652" /></a><figcaption>Carter with <a href="/wiki/King_Hussein" class="mw-redirect" title="King Hussein">King Hussein</a> of Jordan, the <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Shah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Farah_Pahlavi" title="Farah Pahlavi">Shahbanou</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">Iran</a> in 1977</figcaption></figure> On November 15, 1977, Carter pledged that his administration would continue positive relations between the U.S. and Iran, calling its contemporary status "strong, stable and progressive".<a href="#cite_note-272">[269]</a> On December 31, 1977, he called Iran under the Shah an "island of stability" made possible by the "admiration and love your people give to [the Shah]".<a href="#cite_note-273">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[271]</a> Carter praised the Shah's "great leadership" and spoke of "personal friendship" between them.<a href="#cite_note-275">[272]</a> American support for the unpopular Shah increased anti-American sentiment in Iran, which intensified after the Shah, who was dying of cancer, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution#Revolution_(late_1978–1979)" title="Iranian revolution">left Iran</a> for the last time in January 1979 and Carter allowed him to be admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Sloan_Kettering_Cancer_Center" title="Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center">Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center</a> in New York on October 22, 1979.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997454-276">[273]</a> On November 4, 1979, a group of Iranian students took over the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Embassy_in_Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Embassy in Tehran">U.S. Embassy in Tehran</a>. The students belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Student_Followers_of_the_Imam%27s_Line" title="Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line">Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line</a> and supported the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997452-277">[274]</a> Fifty-two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for the next 444 days. They were freed immediately after <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> succeeded Carter as president on January 20, 1981. During the crisis, Carter remained in isolation in the White House for more than 100 days, until he left to participate in the lighting of the <a href="/wiki/National_Menorah" title="National Menorah">National Menorah</a> on <a href="/wiki/The_Ellipse" title="The Ellipse">the Ellipse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-278">[275]</a> A month into the affair, Carter announced his commitment to resolving the dispute without "any military action that would cause bloodshed or arouse the unstable captors of our hostages to attack them or to punish them".<a href="#cite_note-279">[276]</a> On April 7, 1980, he issued Executive Order 12205, imposing economic sanctions against Iran,<a href="#cite_note-280">[277]</a> and announced further government measures he deemed necessary to ensure a safe release.<a href="#cite_note-281">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[279]</a> On April 24, 1980, Carter ordered <a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Claw" title="Operation Eagle Claw">Operation Eagle Claw</a> to try to free the hostages. The mission failed, leaving eight American servicemen dead and two aircraft destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-283">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[281]</a> The failure led Secretary of State Cyrus Vance, who had opposed the mission, to resign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997460-285">[282]</a> Released in 2017, a declassified memo produced by the CIA in 1980 concluded "Iranian hardliners—especially <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah_Khomeini" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayatollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a>" were "determined to exploit the hostage issue to bring about President Carter's defeat in the November elections." Additionally, Tehran in 1980 wanted "the world to believe that Imam Khomeini caused President Carter's downfall and disgrace."<a href="#cite_note-286">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Soviet_Union">Soviet Union</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carter and Brezhnev sitting next to each other." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg/220px-Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg/330px-Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg/440px-Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Carter and <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a> signing the SALT II treaty at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, June 18, 1979</figcaption></figure> On February 8, 1977, Carter said he had urged the Soviet Union to align with the U.S. in forming "a comprehensive test ban to stop all nuclear testing for at least an extended period of time", and that he was in favor of the Soviet Union ceasing deployment of the <a href="/wiki/RSD-10_Pioneer" title="RSD-10 Pioneer">RSD-10 Pioneer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-287">[284]</a> During a June 13 press conference, he said that at the beginning of the week, the U.S. would "work closely with the Soviet Union on a comprehensive test ban treaty to prohibit all testing of nuclear devices underground or in the atmosphere", and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Warnke" title="Paul Warnke">Paul Warnke</a> would negotiate demilitarization of the Indian Ocean with the Soviet Union beginning the following week.<a href="#cite_note-288">[285]</a> At a December 30 news conference, Carter said that during "the last few months, the United States and the Soviet Union have made great progress in dealing with a long list of important issues, the most important of which is to control the deployment of strategic nuclear weapons", and that the two countries sought to conclude SALT II talks by the spring of the next year.<a href="#cite_note-289">[286]</a> The talk of a comprehensive test ban treaty materialized with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Treaty_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II">Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II</a> by Carter and <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a> on June 18, 1979.<a href="#cite_note-290">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[288]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nlc02585cs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nlc02585cs.jpg/220px-Nlc02585cs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Nlc02585cs.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="155" /></a><figcaption>Carter meeting with Chilean leader <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a>, in Washington, D.C., September 6, 1977. Pinochet was an ally of the United States in the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">fight</a> against Soviet-backed <a href="/wiki/Central_American_crisis" title="Central American crisis">communist movements</a> in Latin America.</figcaption></figure> In 1979, the Soviets intervened in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Yemenite_War" title="Second Yemenite War">Second Yemenite War</a>. The Soviet backing of <a href="/wiki/South_Yemen" title="South Yemen">South Yemen</a> constituted a "smaller shock", in tandem with tensions that were rising due to the Iranian Revolution. This played a role in making Carter's stance on the Soviet Union more assertive, a shift that finalized with the impending Soviet-Afghan War.<a href="#cite_note-292">[289]</a> In his <a href="/wiki/1980_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1980 State of the Union Address">1980 State of the Union Address</a>, Carter emphasized the significance of relations between the two regions: "Now, as during the last 3½ decades, the relationship between our country, the United States of America, and the Soviet Union is the most critical factor in determining whether the world will live at peace or be engulfed in global conflict."<a href="#cite_note-293">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan</h5></div> Communists under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Nur_Muhammad_Taraki" title="Nur Muhammad Taraki">Nur Muhammad Taraki</a> <a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">seized power in Afghanistan</a> on April 27, 1978.<a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-294">[291]</a> The new regime signed a treaty of friendship with the Soviet Union in December of that year.<a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-294">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kepel-295">[292]</a> Due to the regime's improvement of secular education and redistribution of land coinciding with mass executions and political oppression, Taraki was deposed by rival <a href="/wiki/Hafizullah_Amin" title="Hafizullah Amin">Hafizullah Amin</a> in September.<a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-294">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kepel-295">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[293]</a> Amin was considered a "brutal psychopath" by foreign observers and had lost control of much of the country, prompting the Soviet Union to <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">invade Afghanistan</a> on December 24, 1979, execute Amin, and install <a href="/wiki/Babrak_Karmal" title="Babrak Karmal">Babrak Karmal</a> as president.<a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-294">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kepel-295">[292]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carter_and_Begin,_September_5,_1978_(10729514294).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carter, Begin, and Brzezinski walking together outside." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Carter_and_Begin%2C_September_5%2C_1978_%2810729514294%29.jpg/220px-Carter_and_Begin%2C_September_5%2C_1978_%2810729514294%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Carter_and_Begin%2C_September_5%2C_1978_%2810729514294%29.jpg/330px-Carter_and_Begin%2C_September_5%2C_1978_%2810729514294%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Carter_and_Begin%2C_September_5%2C_1978_%2810729514294%29.jpg/440px-Carter_and_Begin%2C_September_5%2C_1978_%2810729514294%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2255" /></a><figcaption>Carter, Begin, and <a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Brzezinski" title="Zbigniew Brzezinski">Zbigniew Brzezinski</a> in September 1978</figcaption></figure>In the West, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was considered a threat to global security and the oil supplies of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, as well as the existence of Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-Kepel-295">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-Riedel-297">[294]</a> These concerns led Carter to expand collaboration between the CIA and Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Inter-Services Intelligence</a> (ISI), which had begun in July 1979, when the CIA started providing $695,000 worth of non-lethal assistance (e.g., "cash, medical equipment, and radio transmitters") to the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_mujahideen" title="Afghan mujahideen">Afghan mujahideen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tobin_2020-298">[295]</a> The modest scope of this early collaboration was likely influenced by the understanding, later recounted by CIA official <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a>, "that a substantial U.S. covert aid program" might have "raise[d] the stakes", thereby causing "the Soviets to intervene more directly and vigorously than otherwise intended."<a href="#cite_note-Riedel-297">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gates-299">[296]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Khaled_(10168117694).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carter standing next to King Khalid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/King_Khaled_%2810168117694%29.jpg/220px-King_Khaled_%2810168117694%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/King_Khaled_%2810168117694%29.jpg/330px-King_Khaled_%2810168117694%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/King_Khaled_%2810168117694%29.jpg/440px-King_Khaled_%2810168117694%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1686" data-file-height="1659" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Khalid_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Khalid of Saudi Arabia">Khalid of Saudi Arabia</a> and Carter in October 1978</figcaption></figure> According to a 2020 review of declassified U.S. documents by Conor Tobin in the journal <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_History_(journal)" title="Diplomatic History (journal)">Diplomatic History</a>: "The primary significance of this small-scale aid was in creating constructive links with dissidents through Pakistan's ISI that could be utilized in the case of an overt Soviet intervention ... The small-scale covert program that developed in response to the increasing Soviet influence was part of a contingency plan if the Soviets did intervene militarily, as Washington would be in a better position to make it difficult for them to consolidate their position, but not designed to induce an intervention."<a href="#cite_note-Tobin_2020-298">[295]</a> On December 28, 1979, Carter signed a presidential finding explicitly allowing the CIA to transfer "lethal military equipment either directly or through third countries to the Afghan opponents of the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan" and to arrange "selective training, conducted outside of Afghanistan, in the use of such equipment either directly or via third country intermediation."<a href="#cite_note-Tobin_2020-298">[295]</a> His finding defined the CIA's mission as "harassment" of Soviet troops; at the time, "this was not a war the CIA expected to win outright on the battlefield," in the words of <a href="/wiki/Steve_Coll" title="Steve Coll">Steve Coll</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[297]</a> Carter was determined to respond harshly to what he considered a dangerous provocation. In a televised speech on January 23, 1980, he announced sanctions on the Soviet Union, promised renewed aid and registration to Pakistan and the <a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_System" title="Selective Service System">Selective Service System</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">committed the U.S. to the Persian Gulf's defense</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Riedel-297">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gates-299">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[299]</a> Carter imposed an embargo on grain shipments to the USSR, tabled SALT II, requested a 5% annual increase in defense spending,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZelizer2010103-303">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[301]</a> and called for a boycott of the <a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Summer Olympics</a> in Moscow, which was ultimately joined by 65 other nations.<a href="#cite_note-305">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[304]</a> British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> enthusiastically backed Carter's tough stance.<a href="#cite_note-Riedel-297">[294]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a> <a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Brzezinski" title="Zbigniew Brzezinski">Zbigniew Brzezinski</a> played a major role in organizing Carter's policies on the Soviet Union as a grand strategy.<a href="#cite_note-308">[305]</a> In early 1980, Carter determined the thrust of U.S. policy for the duration of the war: he initiated <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cyclone" title="Operation Cyclone">a program to arm the mujahideen through Pakistan's ISI</a> and secured a pledge from Saudi Arabia to match U.S. funding for this purpose. Despite huge expenditure, the Soviet Union was unable to quell the insurgency and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan">withdrew from Afghanistan</a> in 1989 amid the economic, political, and social turmoil within the USSR, precipitating its <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">collapse</a> two years later.<a href="#cite_note-309">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-Riedel-297">[294]</a> The routing of U.S. aid through Pakistan led to some controversy, as weapons sent to <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> were frequently controlled by Pakistan, whose government influenced which rebels received assistance. Despite this, Carter has expressed no regret over his decision to support what he still considers the Afghan freedom fighters.<a href="#cite_note-Riedel-297">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_trips">International trips</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of international presidential trips made by Jimmy Carter">List of international presidential trips made by Jimmy Carter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_President_Jimmy_Carter_Presidential_Trips.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Every country visited by Carter as president, highlighted in purple." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/US_President_Jimmy_Carter_Presidential_Trips.PNG/300px-US_President_Jimmy_Carter_Presidential_Trips.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/US_President_Jimmy_Carter_Presidential_Trips.PNG/450px-US_President_Jimmy_Carter_Presidential_Trips.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/US_President_Jimmy_Carter_Presidential_Trips.PNG/600px-US_President_Jimmy_Carter_Presidential_Trips.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Countries visited by Carter during his presidency</figcaption></figure> Carter made twelve international trips to 25 countries as president.<a href="#cite_note-310">[307]</a> He was the first president to make a state visit to Sub-Saharan Africa when he went to Nigeria in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-history.state.gov-245">[242]</a> His travel also included trips to Europe, Asia, and Latin America. He made several trips to the Middle East to broker peace negotiations. His visit to <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">Iran</a> from December 31, 1977, to January 1, 1978, took place less than a year before the overthrow of <a href="/wiki/Shah_Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-311">[308]</a> Carter gave his "<a href="/wiki/Island_of_Stability_(speech)" title="Island of Stability (speech)">Island of Stability</a>" speech during this visit. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allegations_and_investigations">Allegations and investigations</h3></div> On September 21, 1977, the Carter administration's <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> director <a href="/wiki/Bert_Lance" title="Bert Lance">Bert Lance</a> resigned amid allegations of improper banking activities before his tenure.<a href="#cite_note-312">[309]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Griffin_Bell" title="Griffin Bell">Griffin Bell</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Curran" title="Paul J. Curran">Paul J. Curran</a> as a special counsel to investigate loans made to the peanut business Carter owned by a bank controlled by Lance,<a href="#cite_note-313">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[d]</a> and Carter became the first sitting president to testify under oath as part of an investigation of him.<a href="#cite_note-315">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[312]</a> In October 1979, Curran announced that no evidence had been found to support allegations that funds loaned from the National Bank of Georgia had been diverted to Carter's 1976 presidential campaign, ending the investigation.<a href="#cite_note-317">[313]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980_presidential_campaign">1980 presidential campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign</a> and <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980 United States presidential election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter%2C_October_28%2C_1980.webm/220px--Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter%2C_October_28%2C_1980.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="161" data-durationhint="5662" data-mwtitle="Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter,_October_28,_1980.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter,_October_28,_1980.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter%2C_October_28%2C_1980.webm/Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter%2C_October_28%2C_1980.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="654" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter%2C_October_28%2C_1980.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="654" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter%2C_October_28%2C_1980.webm/Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter%2C_October_28%2C_1980.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="196" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter%2C_October_28%2C_1980.webm/Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter%2C_October_28%2C_1980.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="328" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter%2C_October_28%2C_1980.webm/Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter%2C_October_28%2C_1980.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="490" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter%2C_October_28%2C_1980.webm/Presidential_Debate_with_Ronald_Reagan_and_President_Carter%2C_October_28%2C_1980.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="490" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Carter and Reagan debating in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, Ohio, on October 28, 1980</figcaption></figure> Carter's reelection campaign was based primarily on attacking Ronald Reagan. The campaign frequently pointed out and mocked Reagan's proclivity for gaffes, using his age and perceived lack of connection to his native California voter base against him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZelizer2010112–113-318">[314]</a> Later, the campaign used similar rhetoric as <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Lyndon B. Johnson 1964 presidential campaign">Lyndon Johnson's 1964 presidential campaign</a>, portraying Reagan as a warmonger who could not be trusted with the nuclear arsenal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZelizer2010115-319">[315]</a> Carter attempted to deny the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Ronald Reagan 1980 presidential campaign">Reagan campaign</a> $29.4 million (equivalent to $91 million in 2023) in campaign funds, due to dependent conservative groups already raising $60 million to get him elected—an amount that exceeded the limit of campaign funds. Carter's attempt was later denied by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-320">[316]</a> Carter announced his reelection campaign in December 1979.<a href="#cite_note-321">[317]</a> A month earlier, Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> had announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination.<a href="#cite_note-322">[318]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic presidential primaries</a>, questions about Kennedy were a frequent subject of Carter's press conferences.<a href="#cite_note-323">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[320]</a> Despite winning key states such as California and New York, Kennedy surprised his supporters by running a weak campaign. Carter won most of the primaries and secured renomination. He later wrote that the strongest opposition to his policies came from the Democratic Party's liberal wing, which he attributed to Kennedy's ambition to replace him as president.<a href="#cite_note-325">[321]</a> Kennedy had mobilized the liberal wing, which weakened Carter's support in the general election.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayward2009497-326">[322]</a> Carter and Mondale were formally nominated at the <a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980 Democratic National Convention</a> in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-327">[323]</a> Carter delivered a speech notable for its tribute to the late <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a>, whom he initially called "Hubert <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Hornblower" title="Horatio Hornblower">Horatio Hornblower</a>",<a href="#cite_note-328">[324]</a> and Kennedy made "<a href="/wiki/The_Dream_Shall_Never_Die" title="The Dream Shall Never Die">The Dream Shall Never Die</a>" speech, in which he criticized Reagan and did not endorse Carter.<a href="#cite_note-329">[325]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1980.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Electoral Map of the 1980 election. Almost all the states are Red." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ElectoralCollege1980.svg/300px-ElectoralCollege1980.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ElectoralCollege1980.svg/450px-ElectoralCollege1980.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ElectoralCollege1980.svg/600px-ElectoralCollege1980.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Electoral map of the 1980 election</figcaption></figure> Along with Reagan and Kennedy, Carter was opposed by centrist <a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">John B. Anderson</a>, who had previously contested the <a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican presidential primaries</a>, and upon losing to Reagan, reentered the race as an independent. Anderson advertised himself as a more liberal alternative to Reagan's conservatism.<a href="#cite_note-330">[326]</a> As the campaign went on, Anderson's polling numbers dropped and his base was gradually pulled to Carter or Reagan.<a href="#cite_note-331">[327]</a> Carter had to run against his own "<a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">stagflation</a>"-ridden economy, while the hostage crisis in Iran dominated the news every week. He was attacked by conservatives for failing to "prevent Soviet gains" in less-developed countries, as pro-Soviet governments had taken power in countries including Angola, Ethiopia, Nicaragua and Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-332">[328]</a> His brother, Billy Carter, caused controversy due to his association with <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>'s regime in <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Arab Jamahiriya">Libya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-333">[329]</a> Carter alienated many liberal college students, who were expected to be one of his strongest support bases, by reactivating the <a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_System" title="Selective Service System">Selective Service System</a> on July 2, 1980, reinstating registration for the military draft. His campaign manager and former appointments secretary, <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Kraft" title="Timothy Kraft">Timothy Kraft</a>, stepped down five weeks before the general election amid what turned out to be an uncorroborated allegation of <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> use.<a href="#cite_note-334">[330]</a> On October 28, Carter and Reagan participated in the sole presidential debate of the election cycle in which they were both present, due to Carter refusing to participate in debates that included Anderson.<a href="#cite_note-335">[331]</a> Though initially trailing Carter by several points,<a href="#cite_note-336">[332]</a> Reagan experienced a surge in polling after the debate.<a href="#cite_note-337">[333]</a> This was in part influenced by Reagan deploying the phrase "<a href="/wiki/There_you_go_again" title="There you go again">There you go again</a>", which became the election's defining phrase.<a href="#cite_note-338">[334]</a> It was later discovered that in the final days of the campaign, Reagan's team <a href="/wiki/Debategate" title="Debategate">acquired classified documents</a> Carter used to prepare for the debate.<a href="#cite_note-339">[335]</a> Reagan and his running mate (<a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>) defeated Carter and Mondale in a landslide, winning 489 electoral votes. The Senate <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1980 United States Senate elections">went Republican</a> for the first time since 1952.<a href="#cite_note-340">[336]</a> Carter's 49 electoral votes were the second-fewest for an incumbent president seeking reelection, with only <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912 presidential election</a> defeated more decisively. In his concession speech, Carter admitted that he was hurt by the election's outcome but pledged "a very fine transition period" with President-elect Reagan.<a href="#cite_note-341">[337]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-presidency_(1981–2024)">Post-presidency (1981–2024)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter">Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2013.02.24_RITGER_Jimmy_Carter_007_(8509741941).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2013.02.24_RITGER_Jimmy_Carter_007_%288509741941%29.jpg/220px-2013.02.24_RITGER_Jimmy_Carter_007_%288509741941%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2013.02.24_RITGER_Jimmy_Carter_007_%288509741941%29.jpg/330px-2013.02.24_RITGER_Jimmy_Carter_007_%288509741941%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2013.02.24_RITGER_Jimmy_Carter_007_%288509741941%29.jpg/440px-2013.02.24_RITGER_Jimmy_Carter_007_%288509741941%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Carter in 2013</figcaption></figure> Shortly after losing reelection, Carter told the White House press corps that he intended to emulate the retirement of <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> and not use his subsequent public life to enrich himself.<a href="#cite_note-342">[338]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</h3></div> Diplomacy was a large part of Carter's post-presidency. These diplomatic efforts began in the Middle East, with a September 1981 meeting with <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Israel">prime minister of Israel</a> Menachem Begin,<a href="#cite_note-343">[339]</a> and a March 1983 tour of Egypt that included meeting with members of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-344">[340]</a> In 2018, official files revealed that, in January 1993, Carter had been suggested for a <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Northern Ireland peace process</a> role by <a href="/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="President-elect of the United States">president-elect</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> amid speculation that Clinton would appoint a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Envoy_for_Northern_Ireland" title="United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland">special envoy for Northern Ireland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-345">[341]</a> In 1994, Clinton sought Carter's assistance in a North Korea peace mission, during which Carter negotiated an understanding with <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a>.<a href="#cite_note-346">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[343]</a> Carter outlined a treaty with Kim, which he announced to CNN without the Clinton administration's consent to spur American action.<a href="#cite_note-348">[344]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Elders_(9358747992).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carter, Ahtisaari, Hague, and Brahmdi standing next to each other." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The_Elders_%289358747992%29.jpg/220px-The_Elders_%289358747992%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The_Elders_%289358747992%29.jpg/330px-The_Elders_%289358747992%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The_Elders_%289358747992%29.jpg/440px-The_Elders_%289358747992%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>Carter (second from right) with <a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lakhdar_Brahimi" title="Lakhdar Brahimi">Lakhdar Brahimi</a> from The Elders group in London, July 24, 2013</figcaption></figure> In March 1999, Carter visited Taiwan and met with President <a href="/wiki/Lee_Teng-hui" title="Lee Teng-hui">Lee Teng-hui</a>. During the meeting, Carter praised the progress Taiwan made in democracy, human rights, economy, culture, science, and technology.<a href="#cite_note-349">[345]</a> But Carter remained a controversial figure in Taiwan for having ended U.S. diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan).<a href="#cite_note-350">[346]</a> In 2003, Carter championed a plan to hold elections in <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> amid <a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932003_Venezuelan_general_strike" title="2002–2003 Venezuelan general strike">protests aimed at doing so</a>.<a href="#cite_note-351">[347]</a> Ultimately, no elections were held. In 2006, Carter stated his disagreements with Israel's domestic and foreign policy while saying he supported the country,<a href="#cite_note-352">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[349]</a> extending his criticisms to Israel's policies in Lebanon, the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrinkley199899–123-354">[350]</a> In July 2007, Carter joined <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> in Johannesburg, South Africa, to announce his participation in <a href="/wiki/The_Elders_(organization)" title="The Elders (organization)">The Elders</a>, a group of independent global leaders working together on peace and human rights issues.<a href="#cite_note-355">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[352]</a> After the announcement, Carter participated in visits to <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a>,<a href="#cite_note-357">[353]</a> Sudan,<a href="#cite_note-358">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[355]</a> Cyprus, the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a>, and the Middle East, among others.<a href="#cite_note-360">[356]</a> He attempted to travel to Zimbabwe in 2008, but was stopped by President <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a>'s government.<a href="#cite_note-361">[357]</a> In December 2008, Carter met with Syrian President <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>,<a href="#cite_note-362">[358]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[359]</a> and in a June 2012 call with <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Brown_(journalist)" title="Jeffrey Brown (journalist)">Jeffery Brown</a>, he stressed that Egyptian military generals could take full executive and legislative power to form a new constitution favoring themselves if their announced intentions came true.<a href="#cite_note-364">[360]</a> On August 10, 2010, Carter traveled to North Korea and negotiated the release of <a href="/wiki/Aijalon_Gomes" title="Aijalon Gomes">Aijalon Gomes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-365">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[362]</a> In 2017, as tensions between the U.S. and North Korea persisted, Carter recommended a peace treaty between the two nations,<a href="#cite_note-367">[363]</a> and confirmed that he had volunteered to the Trump administration to be a diplomatic envoy to North Korea.<a href="#cite_note-368">[364]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_later_presidents">Views on later presidents</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_President_Jimmy_Carter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_President_Jimmy_Carter.jpg/220px-President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_President_Jimmy_Carter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_President_Jimmy_Carter.jpg/330px-President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_President_Jimmy_Carter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_President_Jimmy_Carter.jpg/440px-President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_President_Jimmy_Carter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2650" /></a><figcaption>Carter meeting with his successor <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, October 1981</figcaption></figure> Carter began his first year out of office with a pledge not to critique the <a href="/wiki/Reagan_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan administration">Reagan administration</a>, saying it was "too early".<a href="#cite_note-369">[365]</a> He sided with Reagan on issues like building neutron arms after the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet invasion of Afghanistan">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-370">[366]</a> but frequently spoke out against his administration, denouncing many of its actions in the Middle East;<a href="#cite_note-371">[367]</a> in 1987, Carter said that Reagan was incapable of preserving peace in the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-372">[368]</a> He condemned the handling of the <a href="/wiki/Sabra_and_Shatila_massacre" title="Sabra and Shatila massacre">Sabra and Shatila massacre</a>,<a href="#cite_note-373">[369]</a> the lack of efforts to rescue and retrieve four American businessmen from <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">West Beirut</a> in 1984,<a href="#cite_note-374">[370]</a> Reagan's support of the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a> in 1985,<a href="#cite_note-375">[371]</a> and his claim of an international conspiracy on terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-376">[372]</a> In 1987 he criticized Reagan for conceding to terrorist demands,<a href="#cite_note-377">[373]</a> nominating <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Robert Bork</a> for the Supreme Court,<a href="#cite_note-378">[374]</a> and his handling of the Persian Gulf crisis.<a href="#cite_note-379">[375]</a> On January 16, 1989, before the <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Inauguration of George H. W. Bush">inauguration of George H. W. Bush</a>, Carter told Gerald Ford that Reagan had experienced a media honeymoon, saying that he believed Reagan's immediate successor would be less fortunate.<a href="#cite_note-380">[376]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidents_Obama,_Clinton,_and_Carter_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Presidents_Obama%2C_Clinton%2C_and_Carter_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Presidents_Obama%2C_Clinton%2C_and_Carter_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Presidents_Obama%2C_Clinton%2C_and_Carter_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Presidents_Obama%2C_Clinton%2C_and_Carter_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Presidents_Obama%2C_Clinton%2C_and_Carter_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Presidents_Obama%2C_Clinton%2C_and_Carter_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="729" /></a><figcaption>Former presidents <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (left) and Carter (right) with then-president <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (center) at the 50th Anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a>, August 2013</figcaption></figure> Carter had a mostly poor relationship with <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, who snubbed him from his inauguration ceremony. He questioned the Clinton administration's morality, particularly with respect to the <a href="/wiki/Monica_Lewinsky_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Monica Lewinsky scandal">Monica Lewinsky scandal</a> and the pardon of <a href="/wiki/Marc_Rich" title="Marc Rich">Marc Rich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-381">[377]</a> In July 2001, Carter said he was "disappointed in almost everything" President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> had done, but after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, he offered only praise, calling on Americans to support Bush with "complete unity".<a href="#cite_note-382">[378]</a> Later, Carter opposed the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a><a href="#cite_note-383">[379]</a> and what he considered an attempt by Bush and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> to oust <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> with "lies and misinterpretations".<a href="#cite_note-384">[380]</a> In 2004, Carter said he believed Bush had exploited the September 11 attacks and blamed the media for not criticizing Bush.<a href="#cite_note-385">[381]</a> In 2007, Carter said the Bush administration "has been the worst in history" on foreign affairs;<a href="#cite_note-386">[382]</a> he later said he was just comparing Bush's tenure to Nixon's.<a href="#cite_note-387">[383]</a> On the Bush administration's behalf, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Fratto" title="Tony Fratto">Tony Fratto</a> responded that Carter's comments increased his irrelevance.<a href="#cite_note-388">[384]</a> By the end of Bush's second term, Carter considered Bush's tenure disappointing, as he told <a href="/wiki/Forward_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward Magazine">Forward Magazine</a> of Syria.<a href="#cite_note-389">[385]</a> Though he praised President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in the early part of his tenure,<a href="#cite_note-390">[386]</a> Carter stated his disagreement with using <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drone</a> strikes against suspected terrorists, Obama's choice to keep <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a> open,<a href="#cite_note-391">[387]</a> and the federal surveillance programs <a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a> revealed.<a href="#cite_note-392">[388]</a><a href="#cite_note-393">[389]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s presidency, Carter spoke favorably of the chance for immigration reform<a href="#cite_note-394">[390]</a> and criticized Trump for his handling of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._national_anthem_protests_(2016%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present)">U.S. national anthem protests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-395">[391]</a> In October 2017, he defended Trump in an interview with The New York Times, criticizing the media's coverage of him as harsher "than any other president certainly that I've known about".<a href="#cite_note-396">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-397">[393]</a> In 2019, Trump called Carter and expressed concern that China was "getting ahead" of the United States. Carter agreed, saying that China's strength came from its lack of involvement in armed conflict and calling the U.S. "the most warlike nation in the history of the world."<a href="#cite_note-398">[394]</a> In July 2021, Carter gave his final recorded interview and said that President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> "has done very well" in office.<a href="#cite_note-399">[395]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_politics">Presidential politics</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_(1988).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Monochrome picture of Carter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jimmy_Carter_%281988%29.jpg/220px-Jimmy_Carter_%281988%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jimmy_Carter_%281988%29.jpg/330px-Jimmy_Carter_%281988%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jimmy_Carter_%281988%29.jpg/440px-Jimmy_Carter_%281988%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1996" data-file-height="2661" /></a><figcaption>Carter in 1988</figcaption></figure> Carter was considered a potential candidate in the <a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-400">[396]</a><a href="#cite_note-401">[397]</a> In May 1982, Carter ruled out another run, and instead endorsed Mondale for the Democratic presidential nomination.<a href="#cite_note-402">[398]</a> After Mondale secured the nomination in <a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">the Democratic primaries</a>, Carter critiqued the Reagan campaign,<a href="#cite_note-403">[399]</a> spoke at the <a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1984 Democratic National Convention">1984 Democratic National Convention</a>, and advised Mondale about <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale_1984_presidential_campaign" title="Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign">his campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-404">[400]</a> After the election, in which Reagan defeated Mondale, Carter said the loss was predictable because Mondale's platform included raising taxes.<a href="#cite_note-405">[401]</a> In March 1987, Carter ruled himself out as a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988 presidential election</a> and predicted that Vice President George H. W. Bush would be the Republican nominee.<a href="#cite_note-406">[402]</a> Ahead of the <a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">1988 Democratic National Convention</a>, Carter predicted that the convention would see party unity<a href="#cite_note-407">[403]</a> after tensions arose between <a href="/wiki/Presumptive_nominee" class="mw-redirect" title="Presumptive nominee">presumptive</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a> and runner-up <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-408">[404]</a> Carter delivered an address at the convention.<a href="#cite_note-409">[405]</a> After Bush won the election, Carter predicted that Bush's presidency would be more challenging than Reagan's had been, because Bush was not as popular as Reagan.<a href="#cite_note-410">[406]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992 presidential election</a>, Carter met with Senator <a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">Paul Tsongas</a>, who sought his advice.<a href="#cite_note-411">[407]</a> Carter spoke favorably of former governor of Arkansas Bill Clinton,<a href="#cite_note-412">[408]</a> and criticized <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a>, a Texas billionaire who was running as an independent.<a href="#cite_note-413">[409]</a> As the primary concluded, Carter spoke of the need for the <a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">1992 Democratic National Convention</a> to address certain issues not focused on in the past,<a href="#cite_note-414">[410]</a> and campaigned for Clinton after he became the Democratic nominee,<a href="#cite_note-415">[411]</a> publicly stating his expectation to be consulted during Clinton's presidency.<a href="#cite_note-416">[412]</a> Carter endorsed Vice President <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>, the Democratic nominee, days before the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 presidential election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-417">[413]</a> and in subsequent years voiced his opinion that Gore won the election,<a href="#cite_note-418">[414]</a> despite Republican nominee <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> having been certified the victor following the Supreme Court's ruling in <a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-419">[415]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 presidential election</a>, Carter endorsed the Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> and spoke at the <a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 Democratic National Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-420">[416]</a> He also voiced concern about another voting mishap in Florida.<a href="#cite_note-421">[417]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Democratic presidential primaries">2008 Democratic presidential primaries</a>, it was speculated that Carter would endorse <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> over his main primary rival <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, as Carter and other members of the Carter family had spoken favorably of Obama.<a href="#cite_note-422">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-423">[419]</a> Although he did not endorse Obama during the primaries, he said in late May 2008 that Clinton should end her bid and concede to Obama after the final primaries on June 3. Carter predicted that quickly after the June 3 primaries, enough <a href="/wiki/Superdelegates" class="mw-redirect" title="Superdelegates">superdelegates</a> would publicly declare their intentions to vote to nominate Obama to make him the presumptive nominee.<a href="#cite_note-424">[420]</a> On June 3, Carter endorsed Obama, and said he would vote for Obama as a superdelegate to the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 Democratic National Convention</a><a href="#cite_note-toendoseobama1-425">[421]</a> (as a former president, Carter was entitled to hold one of 20 superdelegate slots reserved for "distinguished party leaders").<a href="#cite_note-426">[422]</a> Before this, he had remained publicly neutral.<a href="#cite_note-toendoseobama1-425">[421]</a> During the general election campaign, Carter criticized <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>, the Republican nominee.<a href="#cite_note-427">[423]</a><a href="#cite_note-428">[424]</a> Once Obama became the presumptive nominee, he advised Obama not to select Clinton as his running mate.<a href="#cite_note-429">[425]</a> Ahead of the primaries of the <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 presidential election</a>, Carter expressed his preference for <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> to win the Republican nomination, though he clarified that he preferred Romney because he believed him to be the prospective Republican nominee who would most assure Obama's reelection.<a href="#cite_note-430">[426]</a> Carter recorded an address that was shown at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012 Democratic National Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-431">[427]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Funeral_of_President_George_H.W._Bush_(46204190411).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The attendant of George H. W. Bush's funeral." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/The_Funeral_of_President_George_H.W._Bush_%2846204190411%29.jpg/220px-The_Funeral_of_President_George_H.W._Bush_%2846204190411%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/The_Funeral_of_President_George_H.W._Bush_%2846204190411%29.jpg/330px-The_Funeral_of_President_George_H.W._Bush_%2846204190411%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/The_Funeral_of_President_George_H.W._Bush_%2846204190411%29.jpg/440px-The_Funeral_of_President_George_H.W._Bush_%2846204190411%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush">state funeral of George H. W. Bush</a> in December 2018. Carter and his wife Rosalynn can be seen on the far right of the photograph.</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential election</a>, Carter was critical of Republican presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> shortly after Trump entered the primary, predicting that he would lose.<a href="#cite_note-432">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-433">[429]</a> As the primary continued, Carter said he preferred Trump to his main rival, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-434">[430]</a> though he rebuked the Trump campaign during the primary<a href="#cite_note-435">[431]</a> and in his address to the <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 Democratic National Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-blasts1-436">[432]</a> In August 2016, Carter endorsed the presumptive Democratic nominee, Hillary Clinton.<a href="#cite_note-437">[433]</a> He again expressed his support of Clinton in his speech to the Democratic convention, which he delivered by video (as opposed to speaking inside the convention hall itself).<a href="#cite_note-blasts1-436">[432]</a><a href="#cite_note-438">[434]</a> In 2019, Carter said that Trump would not have been elected without <a href="/wiki/Russia%27s_interference_in_the_2016_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia's interference in the 2016 election">Russia's interference in the 2016 election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-439">[435]</a> and "that Trump didn't actually win the election in 2016. He lost the election, and he was put into office because the Russians interfered on his behalf." When questioned, he agreed that Trump is an "illegitimate president".<a href="#cite_note-Lewis_6/28/2019-440">[436]</a><a href="#cite_note-C-SPAN_6/28/2019-441">[437]</a> In a 2017 discussion with Senator <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>, Carter said he voted for Sanders in the <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-442">[438]</a> Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter delivered a recorded audio message endorsing <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> for the virtual <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 Democratic National Convention</a>. On January 6, 2021, after the <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">U.S. Capitol attack</a>,<a href="#cite_note-443">[439]</a> Carter denounced the attack, releasing a statement that he and his wife were "troubled" by the events, that what had occurred was "a national tragedy and is not who we are as a nation", and that "having observed elections in troubled democracies worldwide, I know that we the people can unite to walk back from this precipice to peacefully uphold the laws of our nation".<a href="#cite_note-444">[440]</a> Carter recorded an audio message for <a href="/wiki/Biden%27s_inauguration" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden's inauguration">Biden's inauguration</a> on January 20, 2021, as the Carters could not attend the ceremony in person.<a href="#cite_note-445">[441]</a> In November 2022, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit</a> overruled a three-judge panel of the court and scheduled a rehearing of the case against the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>-proposed <a href="/wiki/Izembek_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Izembek National Wildlife Refuge">land swap</a> in Alaska to allow a road through the <a href="/wiki/Izembek_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Izembek National Wildlife Refuge">Izembek National Wildlife Refuge</a>. In an unusual action, Carter had filed an opinion in support of a lawsuit by environmental groups, saying the swap violated the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_National_Interest_Lands_Conservation_Act" title="Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act">Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act</a> (Anilca) <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter#Environment" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">passed in 1980</a>, near the end of his presidency. Carter said the act "may be the most significant domestic achievement of my political life".<a href="#cite_note-446">[442]</a> In August 2024, Carter's son Chip said his father wanted to live to 100 to vote for <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-447">[443]</a> He did so on October 16, the second day of early voting in Georgia.<a href="#cite_note-448">[444]</a><a href="#cite_note-449">[445]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hurricane_relief">Hurricane relief</h3></div> Carter criticized the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush administration</a>'s handling of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a>,<a href="#cite_note-450">[446]</a> and built homes in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-451">[447]</a> He also partnered with former presidents to work with <a href="/wiki/One_America_Appeal" title="One America Appeal">One America Appeal</a> to help the victims of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey" title="Hurricane Harvey">Hurricane Harvey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irma" title="Hurricane Irma">Hurricane Irma</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Coast">Gulf Coast</a> and Texas communities,<a href="#cite_note-452">[448]</a> in addition to writing op-eds about the goodness seen in Americans who assist each other during natural disasters.<a href="#cite_note-453">[449]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm/220px--President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="1082" data-mwtitle="President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="av01.0.08M.08, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm/President_Jimmy_Carter_Interview_September_2019.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Carter discussing his legacy and the work of the <a href="/wiki/Carter_Center" title="Carter Center">Carter Center</a> on the eve of his 95th birthday</figcaption></figure> The Carter family experienced another dilemma when its peanut business accumulated a $1 million debt in 1981. Carter began writing books to pay off this debt. As of July 2019, he had "published more than 30, from a children's book to reflections on his presidency".<a href="#cite_note-454">[450]</a> After he left the White House, "[o]n average, he completed just about one book per year over those 35 years, including many bestsellers, a novel and a children's book."<a href="#cite_note-455">[451]</a> In 1982, Carter founded the <a href="/wiki/Carter_Center" title="Carter Center">Carter Center</a>,<a href="#cite_note-456">[452]</a> a non-governmental and nonprofit organization with the purpose of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_activists" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights activists">advancing human rights</a> and alleviating human <a href="/wiki/Suffering" title="Suffering">suffering</a>,<a href="#cite_note-457">[453]</a> including helping improve the <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a> for people in more than 80 countries.<a href="#cite_note-458">[454]</a> Among these efforts has been working with the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> to <a href="/wiki/Eradication_of_dracunculiasis" title="Eradication of dracunculiasis">eradicate dracunculiasis</a>, also called Guinea worm disease. The incidence of this disease has decreased from 3.5 million cases in the mid-1980s to 25 cases in 2016,<a href="#cite_note-459">[455]</a><a href="#cite_note-460">[456]</a> and four in the first seven months of 2024, according to the Carter Center's statistics.<a href="#cite_note-461">[457]</a> Carter attended the dedication of his presidential library<a href="#cite_note-462">[458]</a> and those of Presidents Ronald Reagan,<a href="#cite_note-463">[459]</a> George H. W. Bush,<a href="#cite_note-464">[460]</a> Bill Clinton,<a href="#cite_note-465">[461]</a><a href="#cite_note-466">[462]</a> and George W. Bush.<a href="#cite_note-467">[463]</a> He delivered eulogies at the funerals of <a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a>,<a href="#cite_note-468">[464]</a> Gerald Ford,<a href="#cite_note-469">[465]</a><a href="#cite_note-470">[466]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Hesburgh" title="Theodore Hesburgh">Theodore Hesburgh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-471">[467]</a> In 2007, Carter founded the <a href="/wiki/New_Baptist_Covenant" title="New Baptist Covenant">New Baptist Covenant</a> organization for <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-472">[468]</a><a href="#cite_note-473">[469]</a> In 2013, Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter, their son Chip, and their daughter-in-law Becky traveled to the neighborhood of Queens Village in New York City. They worked on five housing construction projects with <a href="/wiki/Habitat_for_Humanity" title="Habitat for Humanity">Habitat for Humanity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-474">[470]</a> In 2013, Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter traveled to <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>. Jimmy wanted to learn about the culture of the local people. They also fished for <a href="/wiki/Taimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Taimen">taimen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-475">[471]</a> As of August 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Carter&action=edit">[update]</a>, Carter was Honorary Chair of the <a href="/wiki/World_Justice_Project" title="World Justice Project">World Justice Project</a>.<a href="#cite_note-476">[472]</a> He was formerly an honorary chair of the <a href="/wiki/Continuity_of_Government_Commission" title="Continuity of Government Commission">Continuity of Government Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-477">[473]</a> He continued to occasionally teach Sunday school at Maranatha Baptist Church as of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-478">[474]</a> Carter also taught at <a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory University</a>, and in 2019 was awarded tenure for 37 years of service.<a href="#cite_note-479">[475]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel_and_Palestine">Israel and Palestine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Commentary_on_Palestine:_Peace_Not_Apartheid" title="Commentary on Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid">Commentary on Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_apartheid" title="Israeli apartheid">Israeli apartheid</a></div> Carter's 2006 book <a href="/wiki/Palestine:_Peace_Not_Apartheid" title="Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid">Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid</a>, a <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list" title="The New York Times Best Seller list">New York Times Best Seller</a>, generated controversy for characterizing Israel's policies in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli-occupied">Israeli-occupied</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> as amounting to <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-480">[476]</a> In an interview, Carter defined apartheid as the "forced separation of two peoples in the same territory with one of the groups dominating or controlling the other".<a href="#cite_note-481">[477]</a> In remarks broadcast over radio, he said that Israel's policies amounted to an apartheid worse than South Africa's:<a href="#cite_note-HAIP-482">[478]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">When Israel does occupy this territory deep within the West Bank, and connects the 200 or so settlements with each other, with a road, and then prohibits the Palestinians from using that road, or in many cases even crossing the road, this perpetrates even worse instances of apartness, or apartheid, than we witnessed even in South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-HAIP-482">[478]</a></blockquote> Carter defended himself against <a href="/wiki/Weaponization_of_antisemitism" title="Weaponization of antisemitism">accusations of antisemitism</a> by saying "the hope is that my book will at least stimulate a debate, which has not existed in this country. There's never been any debate on this issue of any significance."<a href="#cite_note-HAIP-482">[478]</a> He said that Israel would not have peace until it agreed to withdraw from the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">occupied territories</a>, adding, "the greatest commitment in my life has been trying to bring peace to Israel."<a href="#cite_note-HAIP-482">[478]</a> In a 2007 speech at <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a>, Carter apologized for wording in the book that suggested that Palestinian suicide terror attacks were justified as a political tool. "That sentence was worded in a completely improper and stupid way. I've written my publishers to change that sentence immediately in future editions of the book. I apologize to you personally and to everyone here."<a href="#cite_note-483">[479]</a><a href="#cite_note-484">[480]</a><a href="#cite_note-485">[481]</a><a href="#cite_note-486">[482]</a> In his 2010 book <a href="/wiki/We_Can_Have_Peace_in_the_Holy_Land" title="We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land">We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land</a>, Carter cites Israel's unwillingness to withdraw from the <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Palestinian_territories" title="Occupied Palestinian territories">occupied Palestinian territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli settlements">settlement expansion</a> as the primary obstacle to peace in the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-487">[483]</a> Carter refused to be interviewed by the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Jewish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta Jewish Times">Atlanta Jewish Times</a> because it called him a "parasite" in a 2015 editiorial.<a href="#cite_note-488">[484]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> Carter had three younger siblings, all of whom died of <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">pancreatic cancer</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Carter_Spann" title="Gloria Carter Spann">Gloria Spann</a> (1926–1990), <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Stapleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruth Stapleton">Ruth Stapleton</a> (1929–1983), and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Carter" title="Billy Carter">Billy Carter</a> (1937–1988).<a href="#cite_note-489">[485]</a> He was a first cousin of politician <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Carter" title="Hugh Carter">Hugh Carter</a> and a distant cousin of the <a href="/wiki/Carter_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Carter family">Carter family</a> of musicians.<a href="#cite_note-490">[486]</a><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farah_Pahlavi_and_Rosalynn_Carter_(cropped_and_retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Empress of Iran holding Carter's infant grandson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Farah_Pahlavi_and_Rosalynn_Carter_%28cropped_and_retouched%29.jpg/234px-Farah_Pahlavi_and_Rosalynn_Carter_%28cropped_and_retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="234" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Farah_Pahlavi_and_Rosalynn_Carter_%28cropped_and_retouched%29.jpg/351px-Farah_Pahlavi_and_Rosalynn_Carter_%28cropped_and_retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Farah_Pahlavi_and_Rosalynn_Carter_%28cropped_and_retouched%29.jpg/468px-Farah_Pahlavi_and_Rosalynn_Carter_%28cropped_and_retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2410" data-file-height="1763" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Farah_Pahlavi" title="Farah Pahlavi">Farah Pahlavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empress_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress of Iran">Empress of Iran</a>, holds Jimmy Carter IV while Rosalynn Carter, Caron Carter, and Chip Carter watch, January 1978.</figcaption></figure> Carter was related to <a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Berry_Gordy" title="Berry Gordy">Berry Gordy</a> by way of their white great-grandfather James Thomas Gordy, who fathered a child with a black woman he enslaved.<a href="#cite_note-491">[487]</a> Carter married Rosalynn Smith on July 7, 1946, in the Plains Methodist Church, the church of Rosalynn's family.<a href="#cite_note-492">[488]</a> They had three sons, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Carter_(politician)" title="Jack Carter (politician)">John "Jack"</a>, James III "Chip", and Donnel "Jeff"; a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Amy_Carter" title="Amy Carter">Amy</a>; nine grandsons (one of whom is deceased), three granddaughters, five great-grandsons, and eight great-granddaughters.<a href="#cite_note-493">[489]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Prince_(nanny)" title="Mary Prince (nanny)">Mary Prince</a> (an African American woman wrongly convicted of murder, and later pardoned) was their daughter Amy's nanny for most of the period from 1971 until Carter's presidency ended.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter2020316–317-494">[490]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carter2005-495">[491]</a><a href="#cite_note-496">[492]</a> Carter had asked to be designated as her <a href="/wiki/Parole_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Parole officer">parole officer</a>, helping enable her to work in the White House.<a href="#cite_note-Carter2005-495">[491]</a><a href="#cite_note-Prince01-499">[e]</a> The Carters celebrated their 77th anniversary on July 7, 2023. On October 19, 2019, they became the longest-wed presidential couple, having overtaken George and <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a> at 26,765 days.<a href="#cite_note-500">[495]</a> After Rosalynn's death on November 19, 2023, Carter released the following statement: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Rosalynn was my equal partner in everything I ever accomplished. She gave me wise guidance and encouragement when I needed it. As long as Rosalynn was in the world, I always knew somebody loved and supported me.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarter_Center2023-501">[496]</a></blockquote> The Carters' eldest son, Jack Carter, was the 2006 Democratic <a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nevada" title="2006 United States Senate election in Nevada">nominee for U.S. Senate in Nevada</a> and lost to Republican incumbent <a href="/wiki/John_Ensign" title="John Ensign">John Ensign</a>. Jack's son <a href="/wiki/Jason_Carter_(politician)" title="Jason Carter (politician)">Jason Carter</a> is a former Georgia state senator<a href="#cite_note-502">[497]</a> who in 2014 was the Democratic nominee for <a href="/wiki/2014_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Georgia gubernatorial election">governor of Georgia</a>, losing to the Republican incumbent, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Deal" title="Nathan Deal">Nathan Deal</a>. On December 20, 2015, while teaching a Sunday school class, Carter announced that his 28-year-old grandson Jeremy Carter had died of unspecified causes.<a href="#cite_note-503">[498]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interests,_friendships_and_hobbies">Interests, friendships and hobbies</h3></div> Carter's hobbies included painting,<a href="#cite_note-504">[499]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fly_fishing" title="Fly fishing">fly fishing</a>, woodworking, cycling, tennis, and skiing.<a href="#cite_note-505">[500]</a> He also had an interest in poetry, particularly the works of <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Dylan Thomas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thomas-506">[501]</a> During a state visit to the UK in 1977, Carter suggested that Thomas should have a memorial in <a href="/wiki/Poets%27_Corner" title="Poets' Corner">Poets' Corner</a> at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>;<a href="#cite_note-507">[502]</a> this came to fruition in 1982.<a href="#cite_note-Thomas-506">[501]</a><a href="#cite_note-508">[503]</a> In 1994, Carter published a book of poetry, Always a Reckoning and Other Poems, illustrated by his granddaughter Sarah Chuldenko.<a href="#cite_note-509">[504]</a> Carter was a personal friend of <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, whom he and Rosalynn met on June 30, 1973, before Presley was to perform onstage in Atlanta.<a href="#cite_note-510">[505]</a> They remained in contact by telephone two months before Presley's sudden death in August 1977. Carter later recalled an abrupt phone call he received in June 1977 from Presley, who was seeking a presidential pardon from Carter, to help <a href="/wiki/George_Klein_(DJ)" title="George Klein (DJ)">George Klein</a>'s criminal case.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] At the time, Klein had been indicted for only mail fraud, but he was later found guilty of conspiracy.<a href="#cite_note-511">[506]</a><a href="#cite_note-512">[507]</a> According to Carter, Presley was almost incoherent because of barbiturates; although he phoned the White House several more times, that was the last time they spoke.<a href="#cite_note-513">[508]</a> The day after Presley's death, Carter issued a statement and said Presley had "changed the face of American popular culture".<a href="#cite_note-514">[509]</a> Carter filed a report with both the International UFO Bureau and the <a href="/wiki/National_Investigations_Committee_On_Aerial_Phenomena" title="National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena">National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena</a><a href="#cite_note-515">[510]</a> saying that <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_UFO_incident" title="Jimmy Carter UFO incident">he saw an unidentified flying object</a> in October 1969.<a href="#cite_note-516">[511]</a><a href="#cite_note-517">[512]</a><a href="#cite_note-518">[513]</a> Records showed that Carter got the date wrong, and it was in fact on January 6, 1969. In 2016, a former Air Force scientist found old government reports about a scientific project that on that date launched a barium cloud to examine the upper atmosphere. It would have appeared in the sky at an elevation of 33 degrees, which is almost exactly what Carter had speculated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter2020[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidQwAAEAAAQBAJpgPA201_201–202]-519">[514]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beliefs">Beliefs</h3></div> From a young age, Carter showed deep commitment to <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Christianity">evangelical Christianity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_baptist-520">[515]</a><a href="#cite_note-Balmer-2023-521">[516]</a> He taught Sunday school at Maranatha <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Church">Baptist Church</a> in Plains.<a href="#cite_note-522">[517]</a> At a private inauguration worship service, the preacher was Nelson Price, the pastor of Roswell Street Baptist Church of Marietta, Georgia.<a href="#cite_note-523">[518]</a> An evangelical Christian, Carter appealed to voters after the scandals of the <a href="/wiki/Nixon_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Nixon Administration">Nixon Administration</a>, and is credited with popularizing the term "<a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">born again</a>" into American <a href="/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">lexicon</a> during his 1976 presidential campaign.<a href="#cite_note-Balmer-2023-521">[516]</a><a href="#cite_note-524">[519]</a><a href="#cite_note-525">[520]</a><a href="#cite_note-526">[521]</a> As president, Carter prayed several times a day, and said Jesus was the driving force in his life. He was greatly influenced by a sermon he had heard as a young man that asked: "If you were arrested for being a Christian, would there be enough evidence to convict you?"<a href="#cite_note-527">[522]</a> In 2000, after the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> announced it would no longer permit women to become pastors, he renounced his membership, saying: "I personally feel that women should play an absolutely equal role in service of Christ in the church."<a href="#cite_note-528">[523]</a> He remained a member of the <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Baptist_Fellowship" title="Cooperative Baptist Fellowship">Cooperative Baptist Fellowship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_baptist-520">[515]</a> Carter's support for the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a><a href="#cite_note-529">[524]</a> led many <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_conservatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical conservatives">evangelical conservatives</a> to leave the Democratic Party, contributing to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> in American politics.<a href="#cite_note-530">[525]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JimmyCarteronBicycle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carter riding a bicycle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/JimmyCarteronBicycle.jpg/220px-JimmyCarteronBicycle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="416" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/JimmyCarteronBicycle.jpg/330px-JimmyCarteronBicycle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/JimmyCarteronBicycle.jpg/440px-JimmyCarteronBicycle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="1413" /></a><figcaption>Carter in Plains, Georgia, 2008</figcaption></figure> On August 3, 2015, Carter underwent <a href="/wiki/Elective_surgery" title="Elective surgery">elective surgery</a> to remove a small mass on his liver, and his prognosis for a full recovery was initially said to be excellent. On August 12, he announced he had been diagnosed with cancer that had <a href="/wiki/Metastasized" class="mw-redirect" title="Metastasized">metastasized</a>, without specifying where the cancer had originated.<a href="#cite_note-531">[526]</a> On August 20, Carter said that <a href="/wiki/Melanoma" title="Melanoma">melanoma</a> had been found in his brain and liver and that he had begun treatment with the <a href="/wiki/Immunotherapy" title="Immunotherapy">immunotherapy</a> drug <a href="/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab">pembrolizumab</a> and was about to start <a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">radiation therapy</a>. His healthcare was managed by <a href="/wiki/Emory_Healthcare" title="Emory Healthcare">Emory Healthcare</a> of <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>. His family history of cancer included both his parents and all three of his siblings.<a href="#cite_note-532">[527]</a> On December 5, he announced that his medical scans <a href="/wiki/Remission_(medicine)" title="Remission (medicine)">no longer showed any cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-533">[528]</a> Carter broke his hip in a fall at his Plains home on May 13, 2019, and underwent surgery the same day at the Phoebe Sumter Medical Center in Americus, Georgia.<a href="#cite_note-534">[529]</a> On October 6, an injury above his left eyebrow sustained in another fall at home required 14 stitches<a href="#cite_note-535">[530]</a> and resulted in a <a href="/wiki/Black_eye" title="Black eye">black eye</a>.<a href="#cite_note-536">[531]</a> On October 21, Carter was admitted to the Phoebe Sumter Medical Center after sustaining a minor pelvic fracture from falling at home for the third time in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-537">[532]</a> He resumed teaching Sunday school on November 3.<a href="#cite_note-538">[533]</a><a href="#cite_note-539">[534]</a> On November 11, 2019, Carter was hospitalized at the <a href="/wiki/Emory_University_Hospital" title="Emory University Hospital">Emory University Hospital</a> in Atlanta for a procedure to relieve pressure on his brain caused by bleeding connected with his falls.<a href="#cite_note-Emory_Hos-540">[535]</a><a href="#cite_note-541">[536]</a> He was released from the hospital on November 27.<a href="#cite_note-542">[537]</a><a href="#cite_note-Emory_Hos-540">[535]</a> On December 2, 2019, Carter was readmitted to the hospital for a urinary tract infection. He was released on December 4.<a href="#cite_note-543">[538]</a><a href="#cite_note-544">[539]</a> On February 18, 2023, the Carter Center announced that following a "series of short hospital stays", Carter decided to "spend his remaining time at home with his family" in Plains to "receive <a href="/wiki/Hospice_care_in_the_United_States" title="Hospice care in the United States">hospice care</a> instead of additional medical intervention"<a href="#cite_note-545">[540]</a><a href="#cite_note-546">[541]</a> for an unspecified illness.<a href="#cite_note-547">[542]</a><a href="#cite_note-548">[543]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Longevity">Longevity</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm/220px-seek%3D1-President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="391" data-durationhint="54" data-mwtitle="President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday,_President_Carter.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday,_President_Carter.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="270" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="406" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="608" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1080" data-height="1920" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="82" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="136" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="202" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm/President_Biden_-_Happy_100th_Birthday%2C_President_Carter.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="202" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>A video published by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> wishing Carter a happy 100th birthday in 2024</figcaption></figure> At 100 years old, Carter was the longest-lived former U.S. president.<a href="#cite_note-549">[544]</a> He was the second presidential nominee by a major political party to reach this age, after <a href="/wiki/Alf_Landon" title="Alf Landon">Alf Landon</a>, who was the Republican nominee in the <a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936 United States presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-550">[545]</a><a href="#cite_note-551">[546]</a> Carter was the earliest-serving living former president since <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Gerald_Ford" title="Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford's death</a> in 2006. In 2012, he surpassed <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> as the longest-retired president. In 2017 and 2021, Carter became the first president to live to the 40th anniversary of his inauguration and post-presidency, respectively. In 2017, Carter, then 92, became the oldest former president ever to attend an <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">American presidential inauguration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-552">[547]</a><a href="#cite_note-553">[548]</a> On March 22, 2019, he became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age" title="List of presidents of the United States by age">longest-lived U.S. president</a>, surpassing <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, who had died a few months earlier at the age of 94 years, 171 days.<a href="#cite_note-554">[549]</a> He said in a 2019 interview with <a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a> that he never expected to live as long as he had and that the best explanation for longevity was a good marriage.<a href="#cite_note-555">[550]</a> Carter entered hospice care six months before celebrating his 99th birthday at home.<a href="#cite_note-556">[551]</a> The Carter Center announced Jimmy Carter 100: A Celebration in Song, an event concert to celebrate Carter's 100th birthday that featured appearances by musicians and celebrities. The event took place on September 17, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Theatre_(Atlanta)" title="Fox Theatre (Atlanta)">Fox Theatre</a> in Atlanta.<a href="#cite_note-557">[552]</a> On October 1, 2024, Carter <a href="/wiki/Turned_100" class="mw-redirect" title="Turned 100">turned 100</a>, the first U.S. president to do so.<a href="#cite_note-558">[553]</a> Local events celebrating his birthday included a <a href="/wiki/F-18_Super_Hornet" class="mw-redirect" title="F-18 Super Hornet">F-18 Super Hornet</a> flyover formation by eight Navy pilots from <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Oceana" title="Naval Air Station Oceana">Naval Air Station Oceana</a>, which Carter viewed from his backyard, and a naturalization ceremony for 100 new citizens at Plains High School, which Chip Carter attended.<a href="#cite_note-559">[554]</a><a href="#cite_note-560">[555]</a> Carter made arrangements to be buried in front of his home at <a href="/wiki/209_Woodland_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="209 Woodland Drive">209 Woodland Drive</a> in Plains. In 2006, he said that a funeral in Washington, D.C., with visitation at the Carter Center, was also planned.<a href="#cite_note-561">[556]</a> Carter asked President Biden to deliver his eulogy.<a href="#cite_note-562">[557]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_funeral">Death and funeral</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Death and state funeral of Jimmy Carter">Death and state funeral of Jimmy Carter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_lay-in_state_at_U.S._Capitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Jimmy_Carter_lay-in_state_at_U.S._Capitol.jpg/220px-Jimmy_Carter_lay-in_state_at_U.S._Capitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Jimmy_Carter_lay-in_state_at_U.S._Capitol.jpg/330px-Jimmy_Carter_lay-in_state_at_U.S._Capitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Jimmy_Carter_lay-in_state_at_U.S._Capitol.jpg/440px-Jimmy_Carter_lay-in_state_at_U.S._Capitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Carter <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_state" title="Lying in state">lying in state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Capitol_rotunda" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Capitol rotunda">U.S. Capitol rotunda</a></figcaption></figure> Carter died at his home in Plains, Georgia, on December 29, 2024, at the age of 100.<a href="#cite_note-Sullivandead1-563">[558]</a><a href="#cite_note-564">[559]</a><a href="#cite_note-565">[560]</a> This followed his February 2023 decision to enter <a href="/wiki/Hospice" title="Hospice">hospice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-566">[561]</a> Shortly after the announcement, President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> released a statement honoring Carter's legacy, calling him a "man of principle, faith, and humility".<a href="#cite_note-567">[562]</a> The nation held an official <a href="/wiki/State_funeral" title="State funeral">state funeral</a> and day of mourning for Carter on January 9, 2025. All five living U.S. presidents—<a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, and incumbent <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>—attended Carter's funeral.<a href="#cite_note-568">[563]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assessments">Assessments</h3></div> When Carter left office in 1981, scholars and even many Democrats viewed his presidency as a failure.<a href="#cite_note-569">[564]</a><a href="#cite_note-570">[565]</a><a href="#cite_note-571">[566]</a><a href="#cite_note-572">[567]</a> <a href="/wiki/Betty_Glad" title="Betty Glad">Betty Glad</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Political_scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political scientist">political scientist</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois">University of Illinois</a>, summarized the public consensus on Carter: "he didn't have a well-developed political philosophy and gave people a feeling he didn't quite know where he was headed."<a href="#cite_note-eftg5-573">[568]</a> Historians <a href="/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Historical rankings of presidents of the United States">have ranked Carter's presidency</a> as below average.<a href="#cite_note-Jimmy_Carter's_Post-Presidency-574">[569]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrinkley1998505–530-575">[570]</a> After leaving office, he told allies he predicted history would be kinder to him than voters were in the 1980 election.<a href="#cite_note-eftg5-573">[568]</a> In a 1982 <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a> survey, when 49 historians and scholars were asked to rank the best and worst U.S. presidents, Carter was ranked the tenth worst.<a href="#cite_note-576">[571]</a> In 2006, conservative British historian <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Roberts,_Baron_Roberts_of_Belgravia" title="Andrew Roberts, Baron Roberts of Belgravia">Andrew Roberts</a> ranked Carter the worst U.S. president.<a href="#cite_note-577">[572]</a> Yet some of Carter's policy accomplishments have been more favorably received.<a href="#cite_note-578">[573]</a> The 2009 documentary <a href="/wiki/Back_Door_Channels:_The_Price_of_Peace" title="Back Door Channels: The Price of Peace">Back Door Channels: The Price of Peace</a> credits Carter's efforts at Camp David, which brought peace between Israel and Egypt, with bringing the only meaningful peace to the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-579">[574]</a><a href="#cite_note-580">[575]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stuart_E._Eizenstat" title="Stuart E. Eizenstat">Stuart E. Eizenstat</a>, who served as Carter's chief White House domestic policy adviser, wrote, "Carter's accomplishments at home and abroad were more extensive and longer lasting than those of almost all modern presidents."<a href="#cite_note-581">[576]</a> While historians generally consider Carter a below-average president, his post-presidency activities have been universally praised, including his <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a> and humanitarian efforts.<a href="#cite_note-Jimmy_Carter's_Post-Presidency-574">[569]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrinkley1998505–530-575">[570]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> wrote in 2009, "Carter is widely considered a better man than he was a president."<a href="#cite_note-Independent_2009-01-22-582">[577]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h3></div> In exit polls from the 1976 presidential election, many voters still held <a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_pardon_of_Nixon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford's pardon of Nixon">Ford's pardon of Nixon</a> in 1974 against him.<a href="#cite_note-583">[578]</a> By comparison, Carter was viewed as a sincere, honest, and well-meaning <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">southerner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Independent_2009-01-22-582">[577]</a> During his presidency, polls generally showed that most Americans saw Carter as likable and "a man of high moral principles".<a href="#cite_note-584">[579]</a> In the 1980 election, Reagan projected an easy self-confidence, in contrast to Carter's serious and introspective temperament. Carter was portrayed as more pessimistic and indecisive than Reagan, who was known for his charm and delegation of tasks to subordinates.<a href="#cite_note-585">[580]</a> Reagan used the economic issues, the <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a>, and the lack of Washington cooperation to portray Carter as a weak and ineffectual leader. Carter was the first elected incumbent president since <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> <a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">in 1932</a> to lose a reelection bid.<a href="#cite_note-586">[581]</a> Carter began his presidency with an <a href="/wiki/Approval_rating" class="mw-redirect" title="Approval rating">approval rating</a> between 66% and 75%.<a href="#cite_note-587">[582]</a><a href="#cite_note-fvr45-588">[583]</a> He maintained approval ratings above 50% until March 1978,<a href="#cite_note-fvr45-588">[583]</a> and the following month his approval rating fell to 39%,<a href="#cite_note-uiher5-589">[584]</a> primarily due to the declining economy.<a href="#cite_note-590">[585]</a> His ratings briefly rebounded after the Camp David Accords in late 1978<a href="#cite_note-591">[586]</a> but dipped during the 1979 energy crisis and got as low as 28% in July 1979.<a href="#cite_note-592">[587]</a> At the beginning of the Iran hostage crisis, his approval rating surged to 61%, up 23 points from his pre-crisis rating.<a href="#cite_note-ib453p-593">[588]</a> Polls also found that up to 77% of Americans approved of Carter's initial response to the crisis,<a href="#cite_note-ib453p-593">[588]</a> but by June 1980, amid heated criticism from across the political spectrum<a href="#cite_note-594">[589]</a> for his failure to free the hostages, his approval rating slumped to 33%; that same month Reagan surpassed Carter in pre-1980 election polling.<a href="#cite_note-595">[590]</a> As Carter was leaving office, a <a href="/wiki/Gallup_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup Inc.">Gallup</a> poll found that 48% of Americans thought he had been an "average" or "above average" president, 46% said he had been "below average" or "poor", and only 3% thought he had been "outstanding".<a href="#cite_note-596">[591]</a> His average approval rating during his entire presidency was 46%,<a href="#cite_note-597">[592]</a><a href="#cite_note-598">[593]</a> and he left office as one of the most unpopular U.S. presidents in history.<a href="#cite_note-599">[594]</a> In a 1990 Gallup survey, 45% of respondents said they approved of the overall job Carter did as president, leaving only Nixon and <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> with lower ratings.<a href="#cite_note-600">[595]</a> In a 2006 poll, 61% of respondents said they approved of the job Carter did as president, his highest rating since 1979.<a href="#cite_note-601">[596]</a> In a 2021 survey, 27% of respondents said he had been an "outstanding" or "above average" president, 43% regarded him as "average", and only 24% said he had been "below average" or "poor".<a href="#cite_note-602">[597]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of awards and honors received by Jimmy Carter">List of awards and honors received by Jimmy Carter</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Carterpuri" title="Carterpuri">Carterpuri</a>, a village in <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, India, was renamed in his honor after he visited in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-603">[598]</a><a href="#cite_note-604">[599]</a> Carter received the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>'s Golden Plate Award in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-achievement.org-150">[147]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jcnhsvistctr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jcnhsvistctr.jpg/260px-Jcnhsvistctr.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jcnhsvistctr.jpg/390px-Jcnhsvistctr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Jcnhsvistctr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>Carter National Historic Site</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_Presidential_Library_and_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Jimmy_Carter_Presidential_Library_and_Museum.jpg/220px-Jimmy_Carter_Presidential_Library_and_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Jimmy_Carter_Presidential_Library_and_Museum.jpg/330px-Jimmy_Carter_Presidential_Library_and_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Jimmy_Carter_Presidential_Library_and_Museum.jpg/440px-Jimmy_Carter_Presidential_Library_and_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3023" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum" title="Jimmy Carter Library and Museum">Jimmy Carter Library and Museum</a> was opened in 1986.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum" title="Jimmy Carter Library and Museum">Jimmy Carter Library and Museum</a> was opened in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-605">[600]</a> The following year, buildings connected to Carter's life were granted status as <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Site_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Site (United States)">National Historic Sites</a><a href="#cite_note-606">[601]</a> and in 2021 were collectively renamed the <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_National_Historic_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmy Carter National Historic Park">Jimmy Carter National Historic Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-607">[602]</a> In 1991, Carter was made an honorary member of <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kansas_State_University" title="Kansas State University">Kansas State University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-608">[603]</a> and was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-609">[604]</a> In 1998, the U.S. Navy named the third and final <a href="/wiki/Seawolf-class_submarine" title="Seawolf-class submarine">Seawolf-class</a> submarine <a href="/wiki/USS_Jimmy_Carter" title="USS Jimmy Carter">USS Jimmy Carter</a>, honoring Carter and his service as a submarine officer.<a href="#cite_note-610">[605]</a> Carter received the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</a>, given in honor of human rights achievements,<a href="#cite_note-611">[606]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Medal" title="Hoover Medal">Hoover Medal</a>, recognizing engineers who have contributed to global causes.<a href="#cite_note-612">[607]</a> Carter's 2002 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a><a href="#cite_note-613">[608]</a> was partially a response to president George W. Bush's threats of war against Iraq and Carter's criticism of the Bush administration.<a href="#cite_note-614">[609]</a> In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Souther_Field" title="Souther Field">Souther Field</a> Airport in <a href="/wiki/Americus,_Georgia" title="Americus, Georgia">Americus, Georgia</a>, was renamed <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_Regional_Airport" title="Jimmy Carter Regional Airport">Jimmy Carter Regional Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-615">[610]</a> In November 2024, Carter received his 10th nomination for the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album">Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album</a> for audio recordings of his books. He won four times—for <a href="/wiki/Our_Endangered_Values" title="Our Endangered Values">Our Endangered Values</a>: America's Moral Crisis (2007), <a href="/wiki/A_Full_Life:_Reflections_at_90" class="mw-redirect" title="A Full Life: Reflections at 90">A Full Life: Reflections at 90</a> (2015), Faith: A Journey For All (2018), and Last Sunday in Plains: A Centennial Celebration (2024).<a href="#cite_note-616">[611]</a><a href="#cite_note-617">[612]</a><a href="#cite_note-618">[613]</a><a href="#cite_note-619">[614]</a><a href="#cite_note-Musa-20241109-620">[615]</a><a href="#cite_note-RS-20241108-621">[616]</a> He is the most nominated and awarded recipient in the category. On February 21, 2024, the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Historical_Association" title="White House Historical Association">White House Historical Association</a> unveiled its official 2024 White House Christmas ornament honoring Carter's naval service and efforts for peace. This was the first time a president being honored was alive at the time of the unveiling.<a href="#cite_note-622">[617]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Electoral history of Jimmy Carter">Electoral history of Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_rabbit_incident" title="Jimmy Carter rabbit incident">Jimmy Carter rabbit incident</a> – Swamp rabbit attack on the American president</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_centenarians_(politicians_and_civil_servants)" title="List of centenarians (politicians and civil servants)">List of centenarians (politicians and civil servants)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_American_Legion" title="List of members of the American Legion">List of members of the American Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_activists" title="List of peace activists">List of peace activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">List of presidents of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_previous_experience" title="List of presidents of the United States by previous experience">List of presidents of the United States by previous experience</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mush_from_the_Wimp" title="Mush from the Wimp">Mush from the Wimp</a>" – Joke headline from The Boston Globe in a 1980 op-ed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Political positions of Jimmy Carter">Political positions of Jimmy Carter</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> The Naval Academy's Class of 1947 graduated in 1946 as a result of World War II.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArgetsinger1996-27">[27]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Carter was the only U.S. president to have lived in subsidized housing before he took office.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne199783–91-53">[52]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Eagleton was later replaced on the ticket by <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne1997230-94">[92]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> Curran also investigated President Jimmy Carter's family peanut business for the Justice Department in 1979, and thus became the first lawyer to examine a sitting president under oath. </li> <li id="cite_note-Prince01-499"><a href="#cite_ref-Prince01_499-0">^</a> After working in the Georgia governor's mansion as a <a href="/wiki/Trustee#Correctional_institution_usage" title="Trustee">trustee prisoner</a>, Prince had been returned to prison in 1975 when Carter's term as governor ended, but intervention on her behalf by both Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter, with Jimmy Carter asking to be designated as her <a href="/wiki/Parole_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Parole officer">parole officer</a>, enabled her to be <a href="/wiki/Paroled" class="mw-redirect" title="Paroled">reprieved</a> and to work in the White House.<a href="#cite_note-497">[493]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carter2005-495">[491]</a><a href="#cite_note-498">[494]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGodbold20109-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGodbold20109_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGodbold2010">Godbold 2010</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourne199711–32-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourne199711–32_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourne199711–32_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourne199711–32_2-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFBourne1997">Bourne 1997</a>, pp. 11–32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufmanKaufman201370-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaufmanKaufman201370_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaufmanKaufman2013">Kaufman & Kaufman 2013</a>, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarter201210-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarter201210_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarter2012">Carter 2012</a>, p. 10. </li> <li 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Ramparts Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/carterpresidency0000shou/page/70">70</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87867-075-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87867-075-8"><bdi>978-0-87867-075-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Carter+Presidency%2C+and+Beyond%3A+Power+and+Politics+in+the+1980s&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Ramparts+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-87867-075-8&rft.aulast=Shoup&rft.aufirst=Laurence+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcarterpresidency0000shou%2Fpage%2F70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohr1976" class="citation news cs1">Mohr, Charles (July 16, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1976/07/16/archives/choice-of-mondale-helps-to-reconcile-the-liberals-choice-of-mondale.html">"Choice of Mondale Helps To Reconcile the Liberals"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531062839/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/07/16/archives/choice-of-mondale-helps-to-reconcile-the-liberals-choice-of-mondale.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Choice+of+Mondale+Helps+To+Reconcile+the+Liberals&rft.date=1976-07-16&rft.aulast=Mohr&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1976%2F07%2F16%2Farchives%2Fchoice-of-mondale-helps-to-reconcile-the-liberals-choice-of-mondale.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/carter/#transcript">"Jimmy Carter"</a>. The American Experience. Public Broadcasting Service. November 11, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626060507/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/carter/#transcript">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved June 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Carter&rft.series=The+American+Experience&rft.pub=Public+Broadcasting+Service&rft.date=2002-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffilms%2Fcarter%2F%23transcript&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroder1974" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Broder" class="mw-redirect" title="David Broder">Broder, David</a> (December 18, 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yMgwAAAAIBAJ&pg=7214%2C2087680">"Early Evaluation Impossible on Presidential Candidates"</a>. Toledo Blade. p. 16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204092325/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yMgwAAAAIBAJ&pg=7214%2C2087680">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade&rft.atitle=Early+Evaluation+Impossible+on+Presidential+Candidates&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1974-12-18&rft.aulast=Broder&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DyMgwAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7214%252C2087680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoup1980" class="citation book cs1">Shoup, Laurence H. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/carterpresidency0000shou/page/94">The Carter Presidency, and Beyond: Power and Politics in the 1980s</a>. Ramparts Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/carterpresidency0000shou/page/94">94</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87867-075-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87867-075-8"><bdi>978-0-87867-075-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Carter+Presidency%2C+and+Beyond%3A+Power+and+Politics+in+the+1980s&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Ramparts+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-87867-075-8&rft.aulast=Shoup&rft.aufirst=Laurence+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcarterpresidency0000shou%2Fpage%2F94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time_1976-04-19-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Time_1976-04-19_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time_1976-04-19_111-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/printout/0,8816,914056,00.html">"The Campaign: Candidate Carter: I Apologize"</a>. 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Retrieved July 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Campaign%3A+Candidate+Carter%3A+I+Apologize&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=16&rft.date=1976-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Fprintout%2F0%2C8816%2C914056%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=SFOYbPikdlgC&dat=19741213&printsec=frontpage">"Carter Officially Enters Demo Presidential Race"</a>. Herald-Journal. December 13, 1974. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119213258/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=SFOYbPikdlgC&dat=19741213&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald-Journal&rft.atitle=Carter+Officially+Enters+Demo+Presidential+Race&rft.date=1974-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DSFOYbPikdlgC%26dat%3D19741213%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19760810&printsec=frontpage">"Carter Backs Consumer Plans"</a>. Toledo Blade. August 10, 1976. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140455/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19760810&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade&rft.atitle=Carter+Backs+Consumer+Plans&rft.date=1976-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D8_tS2Vw13FcC%26dat%3D19760810%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=32680">"Bardstown, Kentucky Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session at a Town Meeting. (July 31, 1979)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107014653/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=32680">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2021. <q>THE PRESIDENT. Could you all hear it? The question was, since it appears that the campaign promise that I made to have a separate department of education might soon be fulfilled, would I consider appointing a classroom teacher as the secretary of education.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bardstown%2C+Kentucky+Remarks+and+a+Question-and-Answer+Session+at+a+Town+Meeting.+%28July+31%2C+1979%29&rft.pub=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Woolley%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2Findex.php%3Fpid%3D32680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19761014&printsec=frontpage">"Carter Berates Lack Of New A-Arm Pact"</a>. Toledo Blade. October 14, 1976. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816013118/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19761014&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade&rft.atitle=Carter+Berates+Lack+Of+New+A-Arm+Pact&rft.date=1976-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D8_tS2Vw13FcC%26dat%3D19761014%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKane1976" class="citation news cs1">Kane, Frank (October 3, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19761003&printsec=frontpage">"Carter Positions on Amnesty, Defense Targets of Dole Jabs"</a>. Toledo Blade. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816100742/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19761003&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade&rft.atitle=Carter+Positions+on+Amnesty%2C+Defense+Targets+of+Dole+Jabs&rft.date=1976-10-03&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D8_tS2Vw13FcC%26dat%3D19761003%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=SFOYbPikdlgC&dat=19760919&printsec=frontpage">"GOP Raps Carter On Tax Proposal"</a>. Herald-Journal. September 19, 1976. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011183951/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=SFOYbPikdlgC&dat=19760919&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald-Journal&rft.atitle=GOP+Raps+Carter+On+Tax+Proposal&rft.date=1976-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DSFOYbPikdlgC%26dat%3D19760919%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=7035">"Social Security Amendments of 1977 Statement on Signing S. 305 Into Law"</a>. American Presidency Project. December 20, 1977. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019060428/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=7035">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Social+Security+Amendments+of+1977+Statement+on+Signing+S.+305+Into+Law&rft.pub=American+Presidency+Project&rft.date=1977-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2Findex.php%3Fpid%3D7035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=SFOYbPikdlgC&dat=19760904&printsec=frontpage">"Carter Would Delay Programs If Necessary"</a>. Herald-Journal. September 4, 1976. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816085328/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=SFOYbPikdlgC&dat=19760904&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald-Journal&rft.atitle=Carter+Would+Delay+Programs+If+Necessary&rft.date=1976-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DSFOYbPikdlgC%26dat%3D19760904%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKane1976" class="citation news cs1">Kane, Frank (July 15, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19760715&printsec=frontpage">"Carter Nominated, Names Mondale Running Mate"</a>. Toledo Blade. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816164136/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19760715&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade&rft.atitle=Carter+Nominated%2C+Names+Mondale+Running+Mate&rft.date=1976-07-15&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D8_tS2Vw13FcC%26dat%3D19760715%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howard,_Adam_NBC_News-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howard,_Adam_NBC_News_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howard,_Adam_NBC_News_121-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward2016" class="citation news cs1">Howard, Adam (September 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2016-presidential-debates/10-presidential-debates-made-impact-n650741">"10 Presidential Debates That Actually Made an Impact"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504003847/https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2016-presidential-debates/10-presidential-debates-made-impact-n650741">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=10+Presidential+Debates+That+Actually+Made+an+Impact&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fstoryline%2F2016-presidential-debates%2F10-presidential-debates-made-impact-n650741&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKraus1979" class="citation book cs1">Kraus, Sidney (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/94445794/the-great-debates-carter-vs-ford-1976">The Great Debates: Carter vs. Ford, 1976</a>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170101162639/https://www.questia.com/read/94445794/the-great-debates-carter-vs-ford-1976">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2017. Retrieved December 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Debates%3A+Carter+vs.+Ford%2C+1976&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Kraus&rft.aufirst=Sidney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fread%2F94445794%2Fthe-great-debates-carter-vs-ford-1976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> "The Playboy Interview: Jimmy Carter." Robert Scheer. Playboy, November 1976, Vol. 23, Iss. 11, pp. 63–86. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasser-Jayne" class="citation book cs1">Casser-Jayne, Halli. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Psu5UNg1jEUC&pg=PA216">A Year in My Pajamas with President Obama, The Politics of Strange Bedfellows</a>. Halli Casser-Jayne. p. 216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9765960-3-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9765960-3-5"><bdi>978-0-9765960-3-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705115615/https://books.google.com/books?id=Psu5UNg1jEUC&pg=PA216">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Year+in+My+Pajamas+with+President+Obama%2C+The+Politics+of+Strange+Bedfellows&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=Halli+Casser-Jayne&rft.isbn=978-0-9765960-3-5&rft.aulast=Casser-Jayne&rft.aufirst=Halli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPsu5UNg1jEUC%26pg%3DPA216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabato1998" class="citation news cs1">Sabato, Larry J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/carter.htm?noredirect=on">"Washingtonpost.com Special Report: Clinton Accused"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200627042800/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/carter.htm?noredirect=on">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Washingtonpost.com+Special+Report%3A+Clinton+Accused&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Sabato&rft.aufirst=Larry+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fpolitics%2Fspecial%2Fclinton%2Ffrenzy%2Fcarter.htm%3Fnoredirect%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-springfield-news-leader-carters-lea/156473356/">Carter's lead narrows</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091537/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-springfield-news-leader-carters-lea/156473356/">Archived</a> October 7, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Springfield News-Leader. September 29, 1976. October 3, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Harris, Louis (October 30, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-harris-poll-says-carter/156324701/">Harris Poll says Carter holds only a 1-point lead</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Times" title="Tampa Bay Times">Tampa Bay Times</a>. Retrieved September 30, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-argus-presidential-contenders/156330083/">Presidential Contenders Strain At Finish</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>. The Times Argus. November 1, 1976. Retrieved September 30, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Larrabee, Don (October 31, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-presidency-seems-to/156365167/">Presidency seems to be up for grabs</a>. The Greenville News. Retrieved October 1, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-recorder-fords-brother-sees-elector/156365939/">Ford's brother sees electoral college victory</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241226111644/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-recorder-fords-brother-sees-elector/156365939/">Archived</a> December 26, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. The Recorder. November 1, 1976. Retrieved October 1, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-Toledo_Blade-1976-131"><a href="#cite_ref-Toledo_Blade-1976_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19761103&printsec=frontpage">"Carter Appears Victor Over Ford"</a>. Toledo Blade. November 3, 1976. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211122194136/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19761103&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade&rft.atitle=Carter+Appears+Victor+Over+Ford&rft.date=1976-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D8_tS2Vw13FcC%26dat%3D19761103%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> Kaplan, Seth; Kaplan, James I. (November 3, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1976/11/3/many-factors-figured-in-carters-win/">Many Factors Figured in Carter's Win</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241224163527/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1976/11/3/many-factors-figured-in-carters-win/">Archived</a> December 24, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Crimson" title="The Harvard Crimson">The Harvard Crimson</a>. Retrieved September 30, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-bhuh43-133">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bhuh43_133-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bhuh43_133-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelaney1976" class="citation news cs1">Delaney, Paul (November 8, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-parsons-sun-blacks-line-up-for-carte/156325287/">"Blacks Line Up For Carter Plums"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241226011233/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-parsons-sun-blacks-line-up-for-carte/156325287/">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2024. Retrieved September 30, 2024 – via The Parsons Sun.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Blacks+Line+Up+For+Carter+Plums&rft.date=1976-11-08&rft.aulast=Delaney&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-parsons-sun-blacks-line-up-for-carte%2F156325287%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Kornacki, Steve (July 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/journey-power-history-black-voters-1976-2020-n1029581">Journey to power: The history of black voters, 1976 to 2020</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241005072534/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/journey-power-history-black-voters-1976-2020-n1029581">Archived</a> October 5, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. Retrieved September 30, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/lubbock-avalanche-journal-gerald-ford-co/156504202/">Gerald Ford Concedes, Seeks Unity</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241007094826/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lubbock-avalanche-journal-gerald-ford-co/156504202/">Archived</a> October 7, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. November 3, 1976. Retrieved October 3, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1977/01/06/Electoral-College-certifies-Carter-today/4270034331854/">Electoral College certifies Carter today</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241225232359/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1977/01/06/Electoral-College-certifies-Carter-today/4270034331854/">Archived</a> December 25, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>. January 6, 1977. Retrieved October 3, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke2009" class="citation journal cs1">Burke, John P. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1741-5705.2009.03691.x">"The Contemporary Presidency: The Obama Presidential Transition: An Early Assessment"</a>. Presidential Studies Quarterly. 39 (3): 574–604. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1741-5705.2009.03691.x">10.1111/j.1741-5705.2009.03691.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0360-4918">0360-4918</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41427379">41427379</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Contemporary+Presidency%3A+The+Obama+Presidential+Transition%3A+An+Early+Assessment&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E574-%3C%2Fspan%3E604&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=0360-4918&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41427379%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1741-5705.2009.03691.x&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1741-5705.2009.03691.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voxtransition1-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Voxtransition1_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voxtransition1_138-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkinner2016" class="citation web cs1">Skinner, Richard (October 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/mischiefs-of-faction/2016/10/5/13142390/jimmy-carter-changed-presidential-transitions">"Jimmy Carter changed presidential transitions forever"</a>. Vox. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210311161151/https://www.vox.com/mischiefs-of-faction/2016/10/5/13142390/jimmy-carter-changed-presidential-transitions">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+changed+presidential+transitions+forever&rft.date=2016-10-05&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fmischiefs-of-faction%2F2016%2F10%2F5%2F13142390%2Fjimmy-carter-changed-presidential-transitions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-burke2004-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-burke2004_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-burke2004_139-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke2004" class="citation book cs1">Burke, John P. (2004). Becoming President: The Bush Transition, 2000–2003. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 12, 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58826-292-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58826-292-9"><bdi>978-1-58826-292-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+President%3A+The+Bush+Transition%2C+2000%E2%80%932003&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colo.&rft.pages=12%2C+18&rft.pub=Lynne+Rienner+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58826-292-9&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19761122&printsec=frontpage">"Carter in Washington, Meets Lynn, Rumsfield"</a>. Toledo Blade. November 22, 1976. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126211046/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19761122&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade&rft.atitle=Carter+in+Washington%2C+Meets+Lynn%2C+Rumsfield&rft.date=1976-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D8_tS2Vw13FcC%26dat%3D19761122%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19761123&printsec=frontpage">"Ford Promises Carter Transition Cooperation"</a>. Toledo Blade. November 23, 1976. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140500/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8_tS2Vw13FcC&dat=19761123&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade&rft.atitle=Ford+Promises+Carter+Transition+Cooperation&rft.date=1976-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D8_tS2Vw13FcC%26dat%3D19761123%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEksterowiczHastedt1998" class="citation journal cs1">Eksterowicz, Anthony J.; Hastedt, Glenn (1998). "Modern Presidential Transitions: Problems, Pitfalls, and Lessons for Success". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 28 (2): 299–319. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0360-4918">0360-4918</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551861">27551861</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Modern+Presidential+Transitions%3A+Problems%2C+Pitfalls%2C+and+Lessons+for+Success&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E299-%3C%2Fspan%3E319&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27551861%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0360-4918&rft.aulast=Eksterowicz&rft.aufirst=Anthony+J.&rft.au=Hastedt%2C+Glenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19770119&id=UQxPAAAAIBAJ&pg=6092,1318484">"Carter Announces Nominees For 6 More Top Posts"</a>. 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Retrieved January 1, 2025. </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-morning-union-coal-strip-mining-bill/162054756/">Coal strip mining bill signed into law by Carter</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. August 4, 1977. Retrieved January 1, 2025. </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW._Kolb2008" class="citation book cs1">W. Kolb, Robert (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v751AwAAQBAJ&q=carter+Love+Canal+in+the+city+of+Niagara+Falls,+New+York.+More+than+800+families+were+evacuated&pg=PT1417">Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society</a>. SAGE Publications. p. 1305. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-6569-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-6569-8"><bdi>978-1-4522-6569-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407065100/https://books.google.com/books?id=v751AwAAQBAJ&q=carter+Love+Canal+in+the+city+of+Niagara+Falls%2C+New+York.+More+than+800+families+were+evacuated&pg=PT1417">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved March 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Business+Ethics+and+Society&rft.pages=1305&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4522-6569-8&rft.aulast=W.+Kolb&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv751AwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcarter%2BLove%2BCanal%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bcity%2Bof%2BNiagara%2BFalls%2C%2BNew%2BYork.%2BMore%2Bthan%2B800%2Bfamilies%2Bwere%2Bevacuated%26pg%3DPT1417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._RosenfeldFengAndrew2011" class="citation book cs1">E. Rosenfeld, Paul; Feng, Lydia; Andrew, William (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eUTkicMAXuQC&q=one+of+the+grimmest+discoveries+of+our+modern+era+carter&pg=PR15">Risks of Hazardous Wastes</a>. William Andrew. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4377-7843-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4377-7843-4"><bdi>978-1-4377-7843-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407071456/https://books.google.com/books?id=eUTkicMAXuQC&q=one+of+the+grimmest+discoveries+of+our+modern+era+carter&pg=PR15">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved March 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Risks+of+Hazardous+Wastes&rft.pub=William+Andrew&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4377-7843-4&rft.aulast=E.+Rosenfeld&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Feng%2C+Lydia&rft.au=Andrew%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeUTkicMAXuQC%26q%3Done%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bgrimmest%2Bdiscoveries%2Bof%2Bour%2Bmodern%2Bera%2Bcarter%26pg%3DPR15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2024/12/president-jimmy-carter-death-100-environmental-legacy-conservation-solar-energy-alaskan-national-wildlife-refuge/">"The bold environmental vision of President Jimmy Carter"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+bold+environmental+vision+of+President+Jimmy+Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2024%2F12%2Fpresident-jimmy-carter-death-100-environmental-legacy-conservation-solar-energy-alaskan-national-wildlife-refuge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/12/02/archives/carter-designates-us-land-in-alaska-for-national-parks-56-million.html">Seth S. King, "Carter Designates U.S. Land In Alaska For National Parks," The New York Times, December 2, 1978</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> Kenneth Earl Morris, ed. Jimmy Carter, American Moralist ( University of Georgia Press, 1996). </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100122051251/https://www.unity.edu/News/solar1004.htm">"Maine college to auction off former White House solar panels"</a>. October 28, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unity.edu/news/solar1004.htm">the original</a> on January 22, 2010. Retrieved January 31, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maine+college+to+auction+off+former+White+House+solar+panels&rft.date=2004-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unity.edu%2Fnews%2Fsolar1004.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurdick2009" class="citation news cs1">Burdick, Dave (January 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://huffingtonpost.com/2009/01/27/white-house-solar-panels_n_160575.html">"White House Solar Panels: What Ever Happened To Carter's Solar Thermal Water Heater? (VIDEO)"</a>. HuffPost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090904023005/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/01/27/white-house-solar-panels_n_160575.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=White+House+Solar+Panels%3A+What+Ever+Happened+To+Carter%27s+Solar+Thermal+Water+Heater%3F+%28VIDEO%29&rft.date=2009-01-27&rft.aulast=Burdick&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhuffingtonpost.com%2F2009%2F01%2F27%2Fwhite-house-solar-panels_n_160575.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBird" class="citation web cs1">Bird, Kai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2024/12/president-jimmy-carter-death-100-environmental-legacy-conservation-solar-energy-alaskan-national-wildlife-refuge/">"The bold environmental vision of President Jimmy Carter"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+bold+environmental+vision+of+President+Jimmy+Carter&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=Kai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2024%2F12%2Fpresident-jimmy-carter-death-100-environmental-legacy-conservation-solar-energy-alaskan-national-wildlife-refuge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirley2010" class="citation news cs1">Shirley, Craig (October 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/days-of-malaise-and-jimmy-carters-solar-panels">"Days of 'Malaise' and Jimmy Carter's Solar Panels"</a>. Fox News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141122031809/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2010/10/08/craig-shirley-jimmy-carter-white-house-energy-crisis-solar-panels-ronald-reagan/">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Days+of+%27Malaise%27+and+Jimmy+Carter%27s+Solar+Panels&rft.date=2010-10-08&rft.aulast=Shirley&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fopinion%2Fdays-of-malaise-and-jimmy-carters-solar-panels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRelyeaCarr2003" class="citation book cs1">Relyea, Harold; Carr, Thomas P. (2003). The executive branch, creation and reorganization. Nova Publishers. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59033-610-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59033-610-6"><bdi>978-1-59033-610-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+executive+branch%2C+creation+and+reorganization&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Nova+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-59033-610-6&rft.aulast=Relyea&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.au=Carr%2C+Thomas+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/the-presidents-news-conference-125">"The President's News Conference (29 September 1977)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816115250/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/the-presidents-news-conference-125">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=The+President%27s+News+Conference+%2829+September+1977%29&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Woolley%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2Fthe-presidents-news-conference-125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/the-presidents-news-conference-122">"The President's News Conference (13 October 2021)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211105040157/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/the-presidents-news-conference-122">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=The+President%27s+News+Conference+%2813+October+2021%29&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Woolley%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2Fthe-presidents-news-conference-122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/the-presidents-news-conference-1008">"The President's News Conference (12 January 1978)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140632/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/the-presidents-news-conference-1008">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=The+President%27s+News+Conference+%2812+January+1978%29&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Woolley%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2Fthe-presidents-news-conference-1008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/the-presidents-news-conference-1006">"The President's News Conference (11 April 1978)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140501/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/the-presidents-news-conference-1006">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=The+President%27s+News+Conference+%2811+April+1978%29&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Woolley%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2Fthe-presidents-news-conference-1006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman1993" class="citation book cs1">Kaufman, Burton Ira (1993). The Presidency of James Earl Carter, Jr. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0572-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0572-9"><bdi>978-0-7006-0572-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/26359258">26359258</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidency+of+James+Earl+Carter%2C+Jr.&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F26359258&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-0572-9&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Burton+Ira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/standby-gasoline-rationing-plan-message-the-congress-transmitting-the-plan-0">"Standby Gasoline Rationing Plan Message to the Congress Transmitting the Plan. (1 March 1979)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140613/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/standby-gasoline-rationing-plan-message-the-congress-transmitting-the-plan-0">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. 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The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140452/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/energy-address-the-nation">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. 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Jimmy Carter"</a>. WGBH American Experience. PBS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/georgia-mafia/">the original</a> on February 15, 2017. 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Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Carter%27s+Clash+With+Congress+on+Gas+Plan&rft.date=1979-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F05%2F15%2Farchives%2Fcarters-clash-with-congress-on-gas-plan-news-analysis-some.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=32653">"The President's News Conference (25 July 1979)"</a>. American Presidency Project. July 25, 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180926090001/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=32653">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+President%27s+News+Conference+%2825+July+1979%29&rft.pub=American+Presidency+Project&rft.date=1979-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2Findex.php%3Fpid%3D32653&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1979" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Steven V. (August 5, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/08/05/archives/carter-and-the-congress-doubt-and-distrust-prevail.html">"Carter and the Congress: Doubt and Distrust Prevail"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817111437/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/08/05/archives/carter-and-the-congress-doubt-and-distrust-prevail.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Carter+and+the+Congress%3A+Doubt+and+Distrust+Prevail&rft.date=1979-08-05&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Steven+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F08%2F05%2Farchives%2Fcarter-and-the-congress-doubt-and-distrust-prevail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVietor" class="citation book cs1">Vietor, Richard H. K. Contrived Competition: Regulation and Deregulation in America. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-43679-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-43679-4"><bdi>978-0-674-43679-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/897163998">897163998</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contrived+Competition%3A+Regulation+and+Deregulation+in+America&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F897163998&rft.isbn=978-0-674-43679-4&rft.aulast=Vietor&rft.aufirst=Richard+H.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCannonRichey2012" class="citation book cs1">Cannon, James R.; Richey, Franklin D. (2012). Practical Applications in Business Aviation Management. Government Institutes. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60590-770-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60590-770-3"><bdi>978-1-60590-770-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practical+Applications+in+Business+Aviation+Management&rft.pub=Government+Institutes&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-60590-770-3&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft.au=Richey%2C+Franklin+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/money/business/small-business/maine-craft-brew-industry-president-jimmy-carter-homebrewing-small-scale-breweries/97-44c37318-3b14-447c-a92b-cbbbb33f929b#:~:text=In+1978,+Carter+signed+HR,first+licensed+craft+brewery+opened.">"From White House to brew houses: How Jimmy Carter sparked a craft beer revival"</a>. newscentermaine.com. December 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newscentermaine.com&rft.atitle=From+White+House+to+brew+houses%3A+How+Jimmy+Carter+sparked+a+craft+beer+revival&rft.date=2024-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscentermaine.com%2Farticle%2Fmoney%2Fbusiness%2Fsmall-business%2Fmaine-craft-brew-industry-president-jimmy-carter-homebrewing-small-scale-breweries%2F97-44c37318-3b14-447c-a92b-cbbbb33f929b%23%3A~%3Atext%3DIn%2B1978%2C%2BCarter%2Bsigned%2BHR%2Cfirst%2Blicensed%2Bcraft%2Bbrewery%2Bopened.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilpott2011" class="citation web cs1">Philpott, Tom (August 17, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://motherjones.com/tom-philpott/2011/08/beer-charts">"Beer Charts of the Day"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111218221821/https://motherjones.com/tom-philpott/2011/08/beer-charts">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones&rft.atitle=Beer+Charts+of+the+Day&rft.date=2011-08-17&rft.aulast=Philpott&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmotherjones.com%2Ftom-philpott%2F2011%2F08%2Fbeer-charts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brewersassociation.org/press-releases/brewers-association-releases-annual-craft-brewing-industry-production-report-and-top-50-producing-craft-brewing-companies-for-2021/">"Brewers Association Releases Annual Craft Brewing Industry Production Report and Top 50 Producing Craft Brewing Companies for 2021"</a>. Brewers Association. April 5, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209063838/https://www.brewersassociation.org/press-releases/brewers-association-releases-annual-craft-brewing-industry-production-report-and-top-50-producing-craft-brewing-companies-for-2021/">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brewers+Association&rft.atitle=Brewers+Association+Releases+Annual+Craft+Brewing+Industry+Production+Report+and+Top+50+Producing+Craft+Brewing+Companies+for+2021&rft.date=2022-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brewersassociation.org%2Fpress-releases%2Fbrewers-association-releases-annual-craft-brewing-industry-production-report-and-top-50-producing-craft-brewing-companies-for-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-derg55-211">^ <a href="#cite_ref-derg55_211-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-derg55_211-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-derg55_211-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-kansas-city-times-chrysler-aid-plan/161339133/">Chrysler Aid Plan Signed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241226111753/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-kansas-city-times-chrysler-aid-plan/161339133/">Archived</a> December 26, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Kansas_City_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kansas City Times">The Kansas City Times</a>. January 8, 1980. Retrieved December 22, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-hamilton-spectator-auto-firm-says-sa/161338413/">Auto firm says sacrifices made</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241226103638/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-hamilton-spectator-auto-firm-says-sa/161338413/">Archived</a> December 26, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hamilton_Spectator" title="The Hamilton Spectator">The Hamilton Spectator</a>. August 13, 1979. Retrieved December 22, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-vr55b-213">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vr55b_213-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vr55b_213-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vr55b_213-2">c</a> Howard, Phoebe Wall (December 31, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freep.com/story/money/cars/chrysler/2024/12/31/jimmy-carter-jim-blanchard-chrysler-bailout/77347439007/">Chrysler rescue of 80,000 jobs during Carter administration almost didn't happen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a>. Retrieved January 1, 2025. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufmanKaufman2006183-214"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaufmanKaufman2006183_214-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaufmanKaufman2006">Kaufman & Kaufman 2006</a>, p. 183. </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> Multiple sources * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReinhold1976" class="citation news cs1">Reinhold, Robert (April 17, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521003608/https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30717FD3E5F167493C5A8178FD85F428785F9">"Carter proposes U.S. health plan; says he favors mandatory insurance financed from wage and general taxes"</a>. The New York Times. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30717FD3E5F167493C5A8178FD85F428785F9">the original</a> on May 21, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2017. <q>Although Mr. Carter left some details a bit vague today, his proposal seemed almost identical to the so-called Kennedy-Corman health security plan. His position on the issue is now substantially the same as that of his chief rivals, Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, Senator Henry M. Jackson and Representative Morris K. Udall. All three are co-sponsors of the Kennedy-Corman bill.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Carter+proposes+U.S.+health+plan%3B+says+he+favors+mandatory+insurance+financed+from+wage+and+general+taxes&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1976-04-17&rft.aulast=Reinhold&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF30717FD3E5F167493C5A8178FD85F428785F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuerbach1976" class="citation news cs1">Auerbach, Stuart (April 17, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130130082012/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/120359627.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI">"Carter gives broad outline for national health plan; cost unknown"</a>. The Washington Post. p. A1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/120359627.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI">the original</a> on January 30, 2013. Retrieved March 21, 2022. <q>The outlines of Carter's program are close to one sponsored by Sen. Edward M. Kennedy (D-Mass.) and strongly supported by organized labor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Carter+gives+broad+outline+for+national+health+plan%3B+cost+unknown&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=1976-04-17&rft.aulast=Auerbach&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fwashingtonpost_historical%2Faccess%2F120359627.html%3FFMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AAI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130130082000/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/613101652.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI">"Carter urges universal health plan"</a>. Chicago Tribune. United Press International. April 17, 1976. p. 4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/613101652.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI">the original</a> on January 30, 2013. Retrieved March 21, 2022. <q>Although Carter didn't provide an estimate of what his health plan would cost taxpayers, it features many proposals similar to plans suggested by others, including Sen. Edward Kennedy [D., Mass.] which are estimated to cost at least $40 billion annually.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Carter+urges+universal+health+plan&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1976-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fchicagotribune%2Faccess%2F613101652.html%3FFMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AAI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Hospital cost control". Congressional Quarterly Almanac, 95th Congress 1st Session....1977. Vol. 33. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. 1978. pp. 499–507. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0095-6007">0095-6007</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1564784">1564784</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hospital+cost+control&rft.btitle=Congressional+Quarterly+Almanac%2C+95th+Congress+1st+Session....1977&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E499-%3C%2Fspan%3E507&rft.pub=Congressional+Quarterly&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1564784&rft.issn=0095-6007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"National health insurance". Congressional Quarterly Almanac, 96th Congress 1st Session....1979. Vol. 35. 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(12 June 1979)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816100742/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/national-health-plan-remarks-announcing-proposed-legislation">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=National+Health+Plan+Remarks+Announcing+Proposed+Legislation.+%2812+June+1979%29&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Woolley%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2Fnational-health-plan-remarks-announcing-proposed-legislation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/national-health-plan-message-the-congress-proposed-legislation">"National Health Plan Message to the Congress on Proposed Legislation. (12 June 1979)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140641/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/national-health-plan-message-the-congress-proposed-legislation">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=National+Health+Plan+Message+to+the+Congress+on+Proposed+Legislation.+%2812+June+1979%29&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Woolley%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2Fnational-health-plan-message-the-congress-proposed-legislation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Hospital cost control legislation dies". Congressional Quarterly Almanac, 95th Congress 2nd Session....1978. Vol. 34. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. 1979. pp. 619–625. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0095-6007">0095-6007</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1564784">1564784</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hospital+cost+control+legislation+dies&rft.btitle=Congressional+Quarterly+Almanac%2C+95th+Congress+2nd+Session....1978&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E619-%3C%2Fspan%3E625&rft.pub=Congressional+Quarterly&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1564784&rft.issn=0095-6007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"House kills Carter hospital cost control plan". Congressional Quarterly Almanac, 96th Congress 1st Session....1979. Vol. 35. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. 1980. pp. 512–518. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0095-6007">0095-6007</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1564784">1564784</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=House+kills+Carter+hospital+cost+control+plan&rft.btitle=Congressional+Quarterly+Almanac%2C+96th+Congress+1st+Session....1979&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E512-%3C%2Fspan%3E518&rft.pub=Congressional+Quarterly&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1564784&rft.issn=0095-6007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZelizer201078-222"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZelizer201078_222-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZelizer2010">Zelizer 2010</a>, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter1982" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carter, Jimmy</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/keepingfaithmemo00cart/page/86">Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President</a>. Bantam Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/keepingfaithmemo00cart/page/86">86–87</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-05023-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-05023-3"><bdi>978-0-553-05023-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Keeping+Faith%3A+Memoirs+of+a+President&rft.pages=86-87&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-553-05023-3&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkeepingfaithmemo00cart%2Fpage%2F86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/hattiesburg-american-mental-health-syste/156446002/">Mental Health Systems Act 'landmark' legislation, state MH director says</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091413/https://www.newspapers.com/article/hattiesburg-american-mental-health-syste/156446002/">Archived</a> October 7, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Hattiesburg American. October 30, 1980. </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> Walker, Joe (September 18, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-paducah-sun-mental-health-boss-focus/156446169/">Mental health boss focuses help call on the public</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091308/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-paducah-sun-mental-health-boss-focus/156446169/">Archived</a> October 7, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Paducah Sun. Retrieved October 2, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/elementary-and-secondary-education-remarks-announcing-the-administrations-proposals-the">"Elementary and Secondary Education Remarks Announcing the Administration's Proposals to the Congress. (28 February 1978)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818211940/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/elementary-and-secondary-education-remarks-announcing-the-administrations-proposals-the">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=Elementary+and+Secondary+Education+Remarks+Announcing+the+Administration%27s+Proposals+to+the+Congress.+%2828+February+1978%29&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Woolley%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2Felementary-and-secondary-education-remarks-announcing-the-administrations-proposals-the&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IkwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=5661,1224804">"Department of Education Outlined"</a>. Associated Press. February 9, 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211012023354/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IkwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=5661,1224804&dq=department+of+education">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Department+of+Education+Outlined&rft.date=1979-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DIkwNAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5661%2C1224804&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/department-education-organization-act-statement-signing-s-210-into-law">"Department of Education Organization Act Statement on Signing S. 210 Into Law. (17 October 1979)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902142407/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/department-education-organization-act-statement-signing-s-210-into-law">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=Department+of+Education+Organization+Act+Statement+on+Signing+S.+210+Into+Law.+%2817+October+1979%29&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Woolley%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2Fdepartment-education-organization-act-statement-signing-s-210-into-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosar2015" class="citation web cs1">Kosar, Kevin (September 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2015/09/department-of-education-history-000235/">"Kill the Department of Ed.? It's been done"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241007090954/https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2015/09/department-of-education-history-000235/">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2024. Retrieved October 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Kill+the+Department+of+Ed.%3F+It%27s+been+done&rft.date=2015-09-23&rft.aulast=Kosar&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fagenda%2Fstory%2F2015%2F09%2Fdepartment-of-education-history-000235%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131220025932/https://ilheadstart.org/about-ihsa/history-goals-and-values/head-start-a-historical-perspective/">"A Historical Perspective"</a>. ilheadstart.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ilheadstart.org/about-ihsa/history-goals-and-values/head-start-a-historical-perspective/">the original</a> on December 20, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ilheadstart.org&rft.atitle=A+Historical+Perspective&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Filheadstart.org%2Fabout-ihsa%2Fhistory-goals-and-values%2Fhead-start-a-historical-perspective%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerube,_M.R.1991" class="citation book cs1">Berube, M.R. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CZ18F-KzLREC&pg=PA49">American Presidents and Education</a>. Greenwood. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-27848-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-27848-8"><bdi>978-0-313-27848-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved March 13, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Presidents+and+Education&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-313-27848-8&rft.au=Berube%2C+M.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCZ18F-KzLREC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/15th-anniversary-project-head-start-remarks-white-house-reception">"15th Anniversary of Project Head Start Remarks at a White House Reception. (12 March 1980)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211012010119/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/15th-anniversary-project-head-start-remarks-white-house-reception">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=15th+Anniversary+of+Project+Head+Start+Remarks+at+a+White+House+Reception.+%2812+March+1980%29&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Woolley%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2F15th-anniversary-project-head-start-remarks-white-house-reception&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/brownsville-texas-remarks-rally-with-area-residents">"Brownsville, Texas Remarks at a Rally With Area Residents. (1 November 1980)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140544/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/brownsville-texas-remarks-rally-with-area-residents">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=Brownsville%2C+Texas+Remarks+at+a+Rally+With+Area+Residents.+%281+November+1980%29&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Woolley%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2Fbrownsville-texas-remarks-rally-with-area-residents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher_(he/him)2024" class="citation web cs1">Gallagher (he/him), John (December 29, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2024/12/jimmy-carter-has-died-at-the-age-of-100-he-invited-the-first-gay-activists-to-the-white-house/">"Jimmy Carter has died at the age of 100. He invited the first gay activists to the White House"</a>. LGBTQ Nation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LGBTQ+Nation&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+has+died+at+the+age+of+100.+He+invited+the+first+gay+activists+to+the+White+House&rft.date=2024-12-29&rft.aulast=Gallagher+%28he%2Fhim%29&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgbtqnation.com%2F2024%2F12%2Fjimmy-carter-has-died-at-the-age-of-100-he-invited-the-first-gay-activists-to-the-white-house%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter2020388–417-235"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter2020388–417_235-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlter2020">Alter 2020</a>, pp. 388–417. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufmanKaufman200653–56-236"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaufmanKaufman200653–56_236-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaufmanKaufman2006">Kaufman & Kaufman 2006</a>, pp. 53–56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerring2008841–842-237"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerring2008841–842_237-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHerring2008">Herring 2008</a>, pp. 841–842. </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> Jørgen Jensehaugen. Arab–Israeli Diplomacy under Carter: The US, Israel and the Palestinians (2018) p. 178, quoted <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://networks.h-net.org/node/28443/discussions/4083976/h-diplo-roundtable-xx-36-j%C3%B8rgen-jensehaugen-arab-israeli">on H-DIPLO</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190704131441/https://networks.h-net.org/node/28443/discussions/4083976/h-diplo-roundtable-xx-36-j%C3%B8rgen-jensehaugen-arab-israeli">Archived</a> July 4, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=6745">"United Nations Remarks at a Working Luncheon for Officials of African Nations"</a>. American Presidency Project. October 4, 1977. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180311140601/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=6745">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Remarks+at+a+Working+Luncheon+for+Officials+of+African+Nations&rft.pub=American+Presidency+Project&rft.date=1977-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2Findex.php%3Fpid%3D6745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=6849">"The President's News Conference"</a>. American Presidency Project. October 27, 1977. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023115834/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=6849">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+President%27s+News+Conference&rft.date=1977-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2Findex.php%3Fpid%3D6849&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> John Soares, "Jimmy Carter in Africa: Race and the Cold War." Presidential Studies Quarterly 48.4 (2018): 865–866. </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> Lamb, David (1987) The Africans, Vintage, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0394753089" title="Special:BookSources/0394753089">0394753089</a>, p. 46 </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGershoni2022" class="citation book cs1">Gershoni, Yekutiel (2022). Liberia Under Samuel Doe, 1980–1985 The Politics of Personal Rule. Lexington Books. p. 301.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberia+Under+Samuel+Doe%2C+1980%E2%80%931985+The+Politics+of+Personal+Rule&rft.pages=301&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Gershoni&rft.aufirst=Yekutiel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman1978" class="citation news cs1">Kaufman, Michael T. (March 31, 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/03/31/archives/carter-trip-to-nigeria-culminates-long-effort-to-improve-relations.html">"Carter Trip to Nigeria Culminates Long Effort to Improve Relations"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531063017/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/03/31/archives/carter-trip-to-nigeria-culminates-long-effort-to-improve-relations.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Carter+Trip+to+Nigeria+Culminates+Long+Effort+to+Improve+Relations&rft.date=1978-03-31&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Michael+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F03%2F31%2Farchives%2Fcarter-trip-to-nigeria-culminates-long-effort-to-improve-relations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-history.state.gov-245">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history.state.gov_245-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history.state.gov_245-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/nigeria">"Presidents' Travels to Nigeria (31 March — 3 April)"</a>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818133750/https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/nigeria">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+Nigeria+%2831+March+%E2%80%94+3+April%29&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fnigeria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/03/archives/new-jersey-pages-carter-seeks-talks-including-all-sides-in-rhodesia.html">"Carter Seeks Talks Including All Sides in Rhodesia Conflict"</a>. The New York Times. April 3, 1978. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211012042353/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/03/archives/new-jersey-pages-carter-seeks-talks-including-all-sides-in-rhodesia.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Carter+Seeks+Talks+Including+All+Sides+in+Rhodesia+Conflict&rft.date=1978-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F04%2F03%2Farchives%2Fnew-jersey-pages-carter-seeks-talks-including-all-sides-in-rhodesia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/04/archives/conservatives-win-british-vote-margaret-thatcher-first-woman-to.html">"Conservatives Win British Vote; Margaret Thatcher First Woman to Head a European Government"</a>. The New York Times. May 4, 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210907191715/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/04/archives/conservatives-win-british-vote-margaret-thatcher-first-woman-to.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Conservatives+Win+British+Vote%3B+Margaret+Thatcher+First+Woman+to+Head+a+European+Government&rft.date=1979-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F05%2F04%2Farchives%2Fconservatives-win-british-vote-margaret-thatcher-first-woman-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/04/25/archives/muzorewa-party-wins-in-rhodesia-with-bare-majority-in-parliament.html">"Rhodesian Election Ends with Turnout Put at 65 Percent"</a>. The New York Times. April 25, 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816194436/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/04/25/archives/muzorewa-party-wins-in-rhodesia-with-bare-majority-in-parliament.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rhodesian+Election+Ends+with+Turnout+Put+at+65+Percent&rft.date=1979-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F04%2F25%2Farchives%2Fmuzorewa-party-wins-in-rhodesia-with-bare-majority-in-parliament.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/14/archives/fight-over-rhodesia-sanctions-reflects-carter-bid-to-save-africa.html">"Fight Over Rhodesia Sanctions Reflects Carter Bid to Save Africa Policy"</a>. The New York Times. May 14, 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210703000906/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/14/archives/fight-over-rhodesia-sanctions-reflects-carter-bid-to-save-africa.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fight+Over+Rhodesia+Sanctions+Reflects+Carter+Bid+to+Save+Africa+Policy&rft.date=1979-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F05%2F14%2Farchives%2Ffight-over-rhodesia-sanctions-reflects-carter-bid-to-save-africa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/17/archives/rhodesia-south-africa-hail-move-in-senate-to-end-curb-on-salisbury.html">"Rhodesia, South Africa Hail Move In Senate to End Curb on Salisbury"</a>. The New York Times. May 17, 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211012010116/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/17/archives/rhodesia-south-africa-hail-move-in-senate-to-end-curb-on-salisbury.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rhodesia%2C+South+Africa+Hail+Move+In+Senate+to+End+Curb+on+Salisbury&rft.date=1979-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F05%2F17%2Farchives%2Frhodesia-south-africa-hail-move-in-senate-to-end-curb-on-salisbury.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/12/04/archives/carter-promises-to-stop-sanctions-after-rhodesia-political.html">"Carter Promises to Stop Sanctions After Rhodesia Political Settlement"</a>. The New York Times. December 4, 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818111344/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/12/04/archives/carter-promises-to-stop-sanctions-after-rhodesia-political.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Carter+Promises+to+Stop+Sanctions+After+Rhodesia+Political+Settlement&rft.date=1979-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F12%2F04%2Farchives%2Fcarter-promises-to-stop-sanctions-after-rhodesia-political.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWachman1984" class="citation journal cs1">Wachman, Alan M. (1984). "Carter's Constitutional Conundrum: An Examination of the President's Unilateral Termination of a Treaty". The Fletcher Forum. 8 (2): 427–457. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0147-0981">0147-0981</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45331164">45331164</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Fletcher+Forum&rft.atitle=Carter%27s+Constitutional+Conundrum%3A+An+Examination+of+the+President%27s+Unilateral+Termination+of+a+Treaty&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E427-%3C%2Fspan%3E457&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F45331164%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0147-0981&rft.aulast=Wachman&rft.aufirst=Alan+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh1978" class="citation news cs1">Walsh, Edward (December 16, 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/12/16/us-to-normalize-ties-with-peking-end-its-defense-treaty-with-taiwan/7d53f81a-865d-4a87-8c32-a0f6f343502c/">"U.S. to Normalize Ties With Peking, End Its Defense Treaty With Taiwan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240514161904/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/12/16/us-to-normalize-ties-with-peking-end-its-defense-treaty-with-taiwan/7d53f81a-865d-4a87-8c32-a0f6f343502c/">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2024. Retrieved December 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+to+Normalize+Ties+With+Peking%2C+End+Its+Defense+Treaty+With+Taiwan&rft.date=1978-12-16&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1978%2F12%2F16%2Fus-to-normalize-ties-with-peking-end-its-defense-treaty-with-taiwan%2F7d53f81a-865d-4a87-8c32-a0f6f343502c%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerring2008839–840-254"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerring2008839–840_254-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHerring2008">Herring 2008</a>, pp. 839–840. </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> John W. Garver, China's Quest: The History of the Foreign Relations of the People's Republic (2016) pp 383–400. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerring2008855–856-256"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerring2008855–856_256-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHerring2008">Herring 2008</a>, pp. 855–856. </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrong2016" class="citation web cs1">Strong, Robert A. (October 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://millercenter.org/president/carter/foreign-affairs">"Jimmy Carter: Foreign Affairs"</a>. Miller Center. University of Virginia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031100/https://millercenter.org/president/carter/foreign-affairs">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Miller+Center&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter%3A+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2016-10-04&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fpresident%2Fcarter%2Fforeign-affairs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170226181104/https://www.worldpolicy.org/projects/arms/reports/indoarms.html">"Report: U.S. Arms Transfers to Indonesia 1975–1997"</a>. World Policy Institute. March 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldpolicy.org/projects/arms/reports/indoarms.html">the original</a> on February 26, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Policy+Institute&rft.atitle=Report%3A+U.S.+Arms+Transfers+to+Indonesia+1975%E2%80%931997&rft.date=1997-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldpolicy.org%2Fprojects%2Farms%2Freports%2Findoarms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumbrell1995" class="citation book cs1">Dumbrell, John (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2GK7AAAAIAAJ&q=Indonesia&pg=PA187">The Carter Presidency: A Re-evaluation</a> (2nd ed.). Manchester, England, UK: Manchester University Press. pp. 187, 191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4693-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4693-3"><bdi>978-0-7190-4693-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220410051130/https://books.google.com/books?id=2GK7AAAAIAAJ&q=Indonesia&pg=PA187">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved March 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Carter+Presidency%3A+A+Re-evaluation&rft.place=Manchester%2C+England%2C+UK&rft.pages=187%2C+191&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-4693-3&rft.aulast=Dumbrell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2GK7AAAAIAAJ%26q%3DIndonesia%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter2007" class="citation interview cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carter, Jimmy</a> (September 10, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.democracynow.org/2007/9/10/fmr_president_jimmy_carter_on_palestine">"Fmr. President Jimmy Carter on "Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid," Iraq, Greeting the Shah of Iran at the White House, Selling Weapons to Indonesia During the Occupation of East Timor, and More"</a>. Democracy Now! (Interview). Interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Amy_Goodman" title="Amy Goodman">Amy Goodman</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190730232155/https://www.democracynow.org/2007/9/10/fmr_president_jimmy_carter_on_palestine">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2019. Retrieved July 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Democracy+Now%21&rft.atitle=Fmr.+President+Jimmy+Carter+on+%22Palestine%3A+Peace+Not+Apartheid%2C%22+Iraq%2C+Greeting+the+Shah+of+Iran+at+the+White+House%2C+Selling+Weapons+to+Indonesia+During+the+Occupation+of+East+Timor%2C+and+More&rft.date=2007-09-10&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynow.org%2F2007%2F9%2F10%2Ffmr_president_jimmy_carter_on_palestine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallLettenberg1979" class="citation journal cs1">Ball, Nicole; Lettenberg, Milton (February 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GgsAAAAAMBAJ&q=Carter+weapons+sales+Indonesia&pg=PA31">"The foreign arms sales of the Carter administration"</a>. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 35 (2). Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science: 31–36. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979BuAtS..35b..31B">1979BuAtS..35b..31B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00963402.1979.11458586">10.1080/00963402.1979.11458586</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0096-3402">0096-3402</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206211240/https://books.google.com/books?id=GgsAAAAAMBAJ&q=Carter+weapons+sales+Indonesia&pg=PA31">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.atitle=The+foreign+arms+sales+of+the+Carter+administration&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E36&rft.date=1979-02&rft.issn=0096-3402&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00963402.1979.11458586&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1979BuAtS..35b..31B&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.au=Lettenberg%2C+Milton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGgsAAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DCarter%2Bweapons%2Bsales%2BIndonesia%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/02/06/archives/carter-asks-for-no-cut-in-arms-aid-to-marcos-despite-negative.html">"Carter Asks for No Cut in Arms Aid to Marcos Despite Negative Human-Rights Report"</a>. 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Retrieved September 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=The+President%27s+News+Conference+%289+March+1977%29&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Woolley%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2Fthe-presidents-news-conference-117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/20/archives/carter-summons-general-in-korea-over-criticism-of-withdrawal-plan.html">"Carter Summons General in Korea Over Criticism of Withdrawal Plan"</a>. The New York Times. 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Retrieved September 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Carter+Summons+General+in+Korea+Over+Criticism+of+Withdrawal+Plan&rft.date=1977-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1977%2F05%2F20%2Farchives%2Fcarter-summons-general-in-korea-over-criticism-of-withdrawal-plan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinraub1977" class="citation news cs1">Weinraub, Bernard (May 22, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/22/archives/carter-disciplines-gen-singlaub-who-attacked-his-policy-on-korea.html">"Carter Disciplines Gen. Singlaub, Who Attacked His Policy on Korea"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816085328/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/22/archives/carter-disciplines-gen-singlaub-who-attacked-his-policy-on-korea.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Carter+Disciplines+Gen.+Singlaub%2C+Who+Attacked+His+Policy+on+Korea&rft.date=1977-05-22&rft.aulast=Weinraub&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1977%2F05%2F22%2Farchives%2Fcarter-disciplines-gen-singlaub-who-attacked-his-policy-on-korea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,914937,00.html">"Armed Forces: General on the Carpet"</a>. Time. 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Retrieved September 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Armed+Forces%3A+General+on+the+Carpet&rft.date=1977-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C914937%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/27/archives/carter-defends-plan-to-reduce-forces-in-korea-carer-defends-plan-to.html">"Carter Defends Plan to Reduce Forces in Korea"</a>. The New York Times. 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Retrieved September 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Carter+Defends+Plan+to+Reduce+Forces+in+Korea&rft.date=1977-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1977%2F05%2F27%2Farchives%2Fcarter-defends-plan-to-reduce-forces-in-korea-carer-defends-plan-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/seoul-republic-korea-joint-communique-issued-the-conclusion-meetings-with-president-park">"Seoul, Republic of Korea Joint Communiqué Issued at the Conclusion of Meetings With President Park. (1 July 1979)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140609/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/seoul-republic-korea-joint-communique-issued-the-conclusion-meetings-with-president-park">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. 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The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816183234/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/22/archives/carter-cuts-total-of-us-troops-to-leave-south-korea-this-year.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. 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The Nation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240331014141/https://www.thenation.com/article/world/two-days-in-may-that-shattered-korean-democracy/">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2024. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=2+Days+in+May+That+Shattered+Korean+Democracy&rft.date=2020-05-28&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=In+Jeong&rft.au=Shorrock%2C+Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Fworld%2Ftwo-days-in-may-that-shattered-korean-democracy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//dc.html?doc=3696543-Document-16-Memorandum-of-Conversation-National">"The National Security Archive"</a>. nsarchive2.gwu.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309055036/https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//dc.html?doc=3696543-Document-16-Memorandum-of-Conversation-National">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nsarchive2.gwu.edu&rft.atitle=The+National+Security+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnsarchive2.gwu.edu%2F%2Fdc.html%3Fdoc%3D3696543-Document-16-Memorandum-of-Conversation-National&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/11/16/archives/carter-lauds-shah-on-his-leadership-assures-visitor-us-will.html">"Carter Lauds Shah On His Leadership"</a>. The New York Times. November 16, 1977. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210702235156/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/11/16/archives/carter-lauds-shah-on-his-leadership-assures-visitor-us-will.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Carter+Lauds+Shah+On+His+Leadership&rft.date=1977-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1977%2F11%2F16%2Farchives%2Fcarter-lauds-shah-on-his-leadership-assures-visitor-us-will.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vandvreader.org/jimmy-carter-toasts-the-shah-31-december-1977/">"Jimmy Carter Toasts the Shah"</a>. Voices and Visions. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=33079">the original</a> on September 11, 2018. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+State+of+the+Union+Address+Delivered+Before+a+Joint+Session+of+the+Congress.+%28January+23%2C+1980%29&rft.pub=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2F%3Fpid%3D33079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaplan-294">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_294-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_294-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_294-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_294-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2008" class="citation book cs1">Kaplan, Robert D. (2008). Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Knopf Doubleday. pp. 115–117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-54698-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-54698-2"><bdi>978-0-307-54698-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soldiers+of+God%3A+With+Islamic+Warriors+in+Afghanistan+and+Pakistan&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E115-%3C%2Fspan%3E117&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-307-54698-2&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kepel-295">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kepel_295-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kepel_295-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kepel_295-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kepel_295-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKepel2006" class="citation book cs1">Kepel, Gilles (2006). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. I.B. Tauris. pp. 138–139, 142–144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-257-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-257-8"><bdi>978-1-84511-257-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jihad%3A+The+Trail+of+Political+Islam&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E138-%3C%2Fspan%3E139%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E142-%3C%2Fspan%3E144&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-257-8&rft.aulast=Kepel&rft.aufirst=Gilles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlight2012" class="citation book cs1">Blight, James G. (2012). Becoming Enemies: U.S.-Iran Relations and the Iran-Iraq War, 1979–1988. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 69–70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-0830-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-0830-8"><bdi>978-1-4422-0830-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+Enemies%3A+U.S.-Iran+Relations+and+the+Iran-Iraq+War%2C+1979%E2%80%931988&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E69-%3C%2Fspan%3E70&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-0830-8&rft.aulast=Blight&rft.aufirst=James+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riedel-297">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Riedel_297-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riedel_297-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riedel_297-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riedel_297-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riedel_297-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riedel_297-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiedel2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Riedel" title="Bruce Riedel">Riedel, Bruce</a> (2014). What We Won: America's Secret War in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> Press. pp. ix–xi, 21–22, 93, 98–99, 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-2595-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-2595-4"><bdi>978-0-8157-2595-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+We+Won%3A+America%27s+Secret+War+in+Afghanistan%2C+1979%E2%80%931989&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Eix-%3C%2Fspan%3Exi%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E22%2C+93%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E98-%3C%2Fspan%3E99%2C+105&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-8157-2595-4&rft.aulast=Riedel&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tobin_2020-298">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tobin_2020_298-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tobin_2020_298-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tobin_2020_298-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTobin2020" class="citation journal cs1">Tobin, Conor (April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdh%2Fdhz065">"The Myth of the 'Afghan Trap': Zbigniew Brzezinski and Afghanistan, 1978–1979"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_History_(journal)" title="Diplomatic History (journal)">Diplomatic History</a>. 44 (2). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 237–264. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdh%2Fdhz065">10.1093/dh/dhz065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diplomatic+History&rft.atitle=The+Myth+of+the+%27Afghan+Trap%27%3A+Zbigniew+Brzezinski+and+Afghanistan%2C+1978%E2%80%931979&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E237-%3C%2Fspan%3E264&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fdh%2Fdhz065&rft.aulast=Tobin&rft.aufirst=Conor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fdh%252Fdhz065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gates-299">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gates_299-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gates_299-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGates2007" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Bob (2007). From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider's Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War. Simon and Schuster. pp. 145–147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-4336-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-4336-7"><bdi>978-1-4165-4336-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Shadows%3A+The+Ultimate+Insider%27s+Story+of+Five+Presidents+and+How+They+Won+the+Cold+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E145-%3C%2Fspan%3E147&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-4336-7&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> When asked whether he expected that the revelations in his memoir would inspire the conspiracy theories surrounding the U.S. aid program, Gates replied: "No, because there was no basis in fact for an allegation the administration tried to draw the Soviets into Afghanistan militarily." See Gates, email communication with John Bernell White Jr., October 15, 2011, as cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2012" class="citation thesis cs1">White, John Bernell (May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304022857/https://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04252012-175722/unrestricted/WHITE_THESIS.pdf">The Strategic Mind Of Zbigniew Brzezinski: How A Native Pole Used Afghanistan To Protect His Homeland</a> (PDF) (Thesis). pp. 45–46, 82. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04252012-175722/unrestricted/WHITE_THESIS.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Strategic+Mind+Of+Zbigniew+Brzezinski%3A+How+A+Native+Pole+Used+Afghanistan+To+Protect+His+Homeland&rft.date=2012-05&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=John+Bernell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetd.lsu.edu%2Fdocs%2Favailable%2Fetd-04252012-175722%2Funrestricted%2FWHITE_THESIS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> cf. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColl2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Coll" title="Steve Coll">Coll, Steve</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ghostwarssecreth00coll">Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001</a>. Penguin. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ghostwarssecreth00coll/page/581">581</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-007-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-007-6"><bdi>978-1-59420-007-6</bdi></a>. <q>Contemporary memos—particularly those written in the first days after the Soviet invasion—make clear that while Brzezinski was determined to confront the Soviets in Afghanistan through covert action, he was also very worried the Soviets would prevail. ... Given this evidence and the enormous political and security costs that the invasion imposed on the Carter administration, any claim that Brzezinski lured the Soviets into Afghanistan warrants deep skepticism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ghost+Wars%3A+The+Secret+History+of+the+CIA%2C+Afghanistan%2C+and+Bin+Laden%2C+from+the+Soviet+Invasion+to+September+10%2C+2001&rft.pages=581&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59420-007-6&rft.aulast=Coll&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fghostwarssecreth00coll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColl2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Coll" title="Steve Coll">Coll, Steve</a> (2004). <a href="/wiki/Ghost_Wars:_The_Secret_History_of_the_CIA,_Afghanistan,_and_Bin_Laden,_from_the_Soviet_Invasion_to_September_10,_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001">Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001</a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Group</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ghostwarssecreth00coll/page/58">58</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-007-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-007-6"><bdi>978-1-59420-007-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ghost+Wars%3A+The+Secret+History+of+the+CIA%2C+Afghanistan%2C+and+Bin+Laden%2C+from+the+Soviet+Invasion+to+September+10%2C+2001&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59420-007-6&rft.aulast=Coll&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter" class="citation web cs1">Carter, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041015134701/https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/documents/speeches/su80jec.phtml">"Jimmy Carter State of the Union Address 1980 (23 January 1980)"</a>. Selected Speeches of Jimmy Carter. Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/documents/speeches/su80jec.phtml">the original</a> on October 15, 2004. Retrieved May 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Selected+Speeches+of+Jimmy+Carter&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+State+of+the+Union+Address+1980+%2823+January+1980%29&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jimmycarterlibrary.gov%2Fdocuments%2Fspeeches%2Fsu80jec.phtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=33079">"Jimmy Carter: The State of the Union Address Delivered Before a Joint Session of the Congress"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161214111712/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=33079">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter%3A+The+State+of+the+Union+Address+Delivered+Before+a+Joint+Session+of+the+Congress&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Woolley%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2Findex.php%3Fpid%3D33079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZelizer2010103-303"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZelizer2010103_303-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZelizer2010">Zelizer 2010</a>, p. 103. </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeuchtenburg2015" class="citation book cs1">Leuchtenburg, William E. (2015). "Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter". The American President. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 577. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517616-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517616-2"><bdi>978-0-19-517616-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gerald+Ford+and+Jimmy+Carter&rft.btitle=The+American+President&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=577&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-517616-2&rft.aulast=Leuchtenburg&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaton2016" class="citation journal cs1">Eaton, Joseph (November 2016). "Reconsidering the 1980 Moscow Olympic Boycott: American Sports Diplomacy in East Asian Perspective". Diplomatic History. 40 (5): 845–864. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdh%2Fdhw026">10.1093/dh/dhw026</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26376807">26376807</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diplomatic+History&rft.atitle=Reconsidering+the+1980+Moscow+Olympic+Boycott%3A+American+Sports+Diplomacy+in+East+Asian+Perspective&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E845-%3C%2Fspan%3E864&rft.date=2016-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fdh%2Fdhw026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26376807%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Eaton&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreadaway1996" class="citation journal cs1">Treadaway, Dan (August 5, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/1996/August/ERaug.5/8_5_96carter.html">"Carter stresses role of Olympics in promoting global harmony"</a>. Emory Report. 48 (37). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230622182355/https://www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/1996/August/ERaug.5/8_5_96carter.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emory+Report&rft.atitle=Carter+stresses+role+of+Olympics+in+promoting+global+harmony&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=37&rft.date=1996-08-05&rft.aulast=Treadaway&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emory.edu%2FEMORY_REPORT%2Ferarchive%2F1996%2FAugust%2FERaug.5%2F8_5_96carter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToohey2007" class="citation book cs1">Toohey, Kristine (November 8, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ywy9aslk3M8C&pg=PA100">The Olympic Games: A Social Science Perspective</a>. CABI. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84593-355-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84593-355-5"><bdi>978-1-84593-355-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705120119/https://books.google.com/books?id=ywy9aslk3M8C&pg=PA100">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2023. 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Jr. (August 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/16/us/politics/bert-lance-carter-adviser-dies-at-82.html">"Bert Lance, Carter Adviser, Dies at 82"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/16/us/politics/bert-lance-carter-adviser-dies-at-82.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2022. 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The New York Times. p. A30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090425033130/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/nyregion/07curran.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved September 6, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Paul+Curran%2C+75%2C+Corruption+Foe%2C+Dies&rft.pages=A30&rft.date=2008-09-06&rft.aulast=McFadden&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F09%2F07%2Fnyregion%2F07curran.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051018150259/https://www.kayescholer.com/web.nsf/sl/96D840B79AF05CE785256CE20076DA99">"Paul J. Curran, Special Counsel, Litigation, Kaye Scholer"</a>. 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The Michigan Daily. July 25, 1980. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525125539/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Md1JAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yx0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=2024%2C3677501">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved September 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Michigan+Daily&rft.atitle=Bid+by+Carter+to+deny+Reagan+funds+rejected&rft.date=1980-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DMd1JAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3Dyx0NAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2024%252C3677501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bismarck-tribune-president-set-to-to/156390552/">President Set to Toss Hat in Ring</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. The Bismarck tribune. December 4, 1979. Retrieved October 1, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllis,_Sam2009" class="citation news cs1">Allis, Sam (February 18, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/02/18/chapter_4_sailing_into_the_wind/">"Chapter 4: Sailing into the Wind: Losing a quest for the top, finding a new freedom"</a>. The Boston Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174031/https://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/02/18/chapter_4_sailing_into_the_wind/">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Sailing+into+the+Wind%3A+Losing+a+quest+for+the+top%2C+finding+a+new+freedom&rft.date=2009-02-18&rft.au=Allis%2C+Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Farticles%2F2009%2F02%2F18%2Fchapter_4_sailing_into_the_wind%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/the-presidents-news-conference-975">"The President's News Conference (13 February 1980)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818021455/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/the-presidents-news-conference-975">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=The+President%27s+News+Conference+%2813+February+1980%29&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.au=Woolley%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2Fthe-presidents-news-conference-975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/the-presidents-news-conference-973">"The President's News Conference (14 March 1980)"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815070107/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/the-presidents-news-conference-973">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2021. 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Simon and Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ourendangeredv00cart/page/8">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-8457-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-8457-8"><bdi>978-0-7432-8457-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Endangered+Values%3A+America%27s+Moral+Crisis&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-8457-8&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fourendangeredv00cart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayward2009497-326"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayward2009497_326-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHayward2009">Hayward 2009</a>, p. 497. </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersWoolley" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-accepting-the-presidential-nomination-the-1980-democratic-national-convention-new">"Remarks Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the 1980 Democratic National Convention in New York (14 August 1980)"</a>. 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Chicago Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180908164912/https://articles.chicagotribune.com/1987-03-22/news/8701220321_1_middle-east-peace-efforts-mideast-peace">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2018. 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December 23, 1984. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140458/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/12/23/Former-President-Jimmy-Carter-criticized-the-Reagan-administration-Sunday/6686472626000/">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. 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Chicago Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180908164822/https://articles.chicagotribune.com/1985-04-12/news/8501210283_1_gorbachev-initiative-president-jimmy-carter-soviet-ambassador">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2018. 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Retrieved September 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Carter+criticizes+Reagan%27s+gulf+policy&rft.date=1987-10-17&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Matthew+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1987%2F10%2F17%2FCarter-criticizes-Reagans-gulf-policy%2F1657561441600%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCormick1989" class="citation news cs1">McCormick, Patrick (January 18, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/01/18/Former-President-Gerald-Ford-Wednesday-said-the-Washington-press/7903601102800/">"Former President Gerald Ford Wednesday said the Washington press..."</a> United Press International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210908180103/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/01/18/Former-President-Gerald-Ford-Wednesday-said-the-Washington-press/7903601102800/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2021. 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Retrieved September 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+and+Bill+Clinton%3A+They+Genuinely+Dislike+Each+Other&rft.date=2011-05-25&rft.aulast=Felsenthal&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fcarol-felsenthal%2Fjimmy-carter-and-bill-cli_b_94926.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerke2001" class="citation news cs1">Berke, Richard L. (September 28, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/28/us/nation-challenged-former-presidents-outside-former-presidents-lend-support.html">"A NATION CHALLENGED: THE FORMER PRESIDENTS; From the Outside, Former Presidents Lend the Support of Insiders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240930192925/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/28/us/nation-challenged-former-presidents-outside-former-presidents-lend-support.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2024. Retrieved October 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+NATION+CHALLENGED%3A+THE+FORMER+PRESIDENTS%3B+From+the+Outside%2C+Former+Presidents+Lend+the+Support+of+Insiders&rft.date=2001-09-28&rft.aulast=Berke&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F09%2F28%2Fus%2Fnation-challenged-former-presidents-outside-former-presidents-lend-support.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-383"><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a> Jimmy Carter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/09/opinion/just-war-or-a-just-war.html">"Just War – or a Just War?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220127075310/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/09/opinion/just-war-or-a-just-war.html">Archived</a> January 27, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The New York Times, March 9, 2003. 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Retrieved July 5, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter%3A+Blair+Subservient+to+Bush&rft.date=2006-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F08%2F27%2FAR2006082701094.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2004/oct/26/carter-says-bush-exploiting-911-terrorist-attacks/">Carter says Bush exploiting 9/11 terrorist attacks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240910211129/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2004/oct/26/carter-says-bush-exploiting-911-terrorist-attacks/">Archived</a> September 10, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review" title="The Spokesman-Review">The Spokesman-Review</a>. 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The Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140458/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/campaigns/administration/39280-jimmy-carter-says-obama-will-be-outstanding">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+Says+Obama+Will+Be+%27Outstanding%27&rft.date=2009-01-28&rft.aulast=Alarkon&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fblog-briefing-room%2Fnews%2Fcampaigns%2Fadministration%2F35543-jimmy-carter-says-obama-will-be-outstanding%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-391"><a href="#cite_ref-391">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBingham2012" class="citation news cs1">Bingham, Amy (June 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/06/jimmy-carter-accuses-u-s-of-widespread-abuse-of-human-rights/">"Jimmy Carter Accuses U.S. of 'Widespread Abuse of Human Rights'"</a>. ABC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626170916/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/06/jimmy-carter-accuses-u-s-of-widespread-abuse-of-human-rights/">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+Accuses+U.S.+of+%27Widespread+Abuse+of+Human+Rights%27&rft.date=2012-06-25&rft.aulast=Bingham&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Fblogs%2Fpolitics%2F2012%2F06%2Fjimmy-carter-accuses-u-s-of-widespread-abuse-of-human-rights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> ABC quotes came from a NY Times <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/25/opinion/americas-shameful-human-rights-record.html">June 25, 2012 op-ed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011214301/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/25/opinion/americas-shameful-human-rights-record.html">Archived</a> October 11, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> written by Carter </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBluesteinGalloway2013" class="citation web cs1">Bluestein, Greg; Galloway, Jim (July 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/politics/political-insider-blog-your-daily-jolt-america-has-no-functioning-democracy-says-jimmy-carter/DKLFS2YYFBANHD7AHB2AYBH6ZA/">"Your daily jolt: 'America has no functioning democracy,' says Jimmy Carter"</a>. Atlanta Journal-Constitution. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210604201246/https://www.ajc.com/politics/political-insider-blog-your-daily-jolt-america-has-no-functioning-democracy-says-jimmy-carter/DKLFS2YYFBANHD7AHB2AYBH6ZA/">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2021. 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Retrieved July 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=NSA-Aff%C3%A4re%3A+Ex-Pr%C3%A4sident+Carter+verdammt+US-Schn%C3%BCffelei&rft.date=2013-07-17&rft.au=Peter+Schmitz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fausland%2Fnsa-affaere-jimmy-carter-kritisiert-usa-a-911589.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-394"><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/ex-president-carter-give-trump-credit-on-forcing-immigration-debate">"Ex-President Carter: Give Trump credit on forcing immigration debate"</a>. Fox News. September 14, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925123226/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/09/14/ex-president-carter-give-trump-credit-on-forcing-immigration-debate.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ex-President+Carter%3A+Give+Trump+credit+on+forcing+immigration+debate&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fex-president-carter-give-trump-credit-on-forcing-immigration-debate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-395"><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomsen2017" class="citation news cs1">Thomsen, Jacqueline (October 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/356566-jimmy-carter-i-would-rather-see-all-the-players-stand-during/">"Jimmy Carter: 'I would rather see all the players stand during' anthem"</a>. The Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140457/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/356566-jimmy-carter-i-would-rather-see-all-the-players-stand-during">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. 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The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+Says+He%27s+Backing+a+%27Quite+Unpopular%27+Hillary+Clinton&rft.date=2016-08-22&rft.aulast=Bluestein&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fblog%2Fpolitics%2Fjimmy-carter-says-backing-quite-unpopular-hillary-clinton%2FqHLLQNiJiVtT3jBakFZs2O%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-438"><a href="#cite_ref-438">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/democratic-convention">"The 2016 Democratic Convention - Live Updates"</a>. CBS News. July 28, 2016. 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The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190629001747/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/jimmy-carter-says-trump-wouldnt-be-president-without-help-from-russia/2019/06/28/deef1ef0-99b6-11e9-8d0a-5edd7e2025b1_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2019. 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CBS News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200324030136/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jimmy-carter-says-president-trump-illegitimate-president-russian-interference-2019-06-28/">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2020. 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Retrieved March 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conversation+with+Jimmy+Carter+and+Walter+Mondale&rft.pub=C-SPAN&rft.date=2019-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3Fc4805096%2Fjimmy-carter-president-trump-put-office-russian-interference&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-442"><a href="#cite_ref-442">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawkins2017" class="citation news cs1">Hawkins, Derek (May 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/05/09/yall-see-why-i-voted-for-him-jimmy-carter-says-he-was-a-bernie-sanders-supporter/">"'Y'all see why I voted for him?': Jimmy Carter says he was a Bernie Sanders supporter"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112003025/https://www.washingtonpost.com/gdpr-consent/?next_url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.washingtonpost.com%2fnews%2fmorning-mix%2fwp%2f2017%2f05%2f09%2fyall-see-why-i-voted-for-him-jimmy-carter-says-he-was-a-bernie-sanders-supporter%2f">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2020. 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Retrieved January 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Live+updates%3A+U.S.+Capitol+is+on+lockdown+as+protesters+clash+with+police+and+breach+the+building&rft.date=2021-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fdc-md-va%2F2021%2F01%2F06%2Fdc-protests-trump-rally-live-updates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-444"><a href="#cite_ref-444">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.today.com/news/all-living-former-presidents-condemn-violence-capitol-t205224">"All living former presidents condemn violence at the Capitol: 'A national tragedy'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)" title="Today (American TV program)">Today</a>. 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Retrieved March 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=At+George+W.+Bush+library%2C+five+presidents+meet+in+harmony&rft.date=2013-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnation%2Fla-xpm-2013-apr-25-la-na-bush-library-20130426-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-468"><a href="#cite_ref-468">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/08/us/at-mrs-kings-funeral-a-mix-of-elegy-and-politics.html">"At Mrs. King's Funeral, a Mix of Elegy and Politics"</a>. The New York Times. 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Ford Presidential Library and Museum"</a>. fordlibrarymuseum.gov. January 3, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816125621/https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/grf/Funeral/Carter.asp">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. 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January 3, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819114247/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/carter-praises-distinguished-opponent-ford-at-funeral-1.640103">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved November 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Carter+praises+%27distinguished+opponent%27+Ford+at+funeral&rft.date=2007-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fcarter-praises-distinguished-opponent-ford-at-funeral-1.640103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-471"><a href="#cite_ref-471">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDits2018" class="citation news cs1">Dits, Joseph (August 20, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/habitat-ceremony-at-notre-dame-is-only-chance-to-see/article_f63d275c-f402-52cc-a7dd-0cd740ac393f.html">"Habitat ceremony at Notre Dame is only chance to see Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter"</a>. South Bend Tribune. South Bend, Ind.: GateHouse Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191116192844/https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/habitat-ceremony-at-notre-dame-is-only-chance-to-see/article_f63d275c-f402-52cc-a7dd-0cd740ac393f.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2019. Retrieved November 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.atitle=Habitat+ceremony+at+Notre+Dame+is+only+chance+to+see+Jimmy+and+Rosalynn+Carter&rft.date=2018-08-20&rft.aulast=Dits&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fhabitat-ceremony-at-notre-dame-is-only-chance-to-see%2Farticle_f63d275c-f402-52cc-a7dd-0cd740ac393f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-472"><a href="#cite_ref-472">^</a> Carla Hinton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/politics/2009/07/25/ex-president-jimmy-carter-works-to-unite-all-baptists/61381494007/">Ex-president Jimmy Carter works to unite all Baptists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106230758/https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/politics/2009/07/25/ex-president-jimmy-carter-works-to-unite-all-baptists/61381494007/">Archived</a> November 6, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, oklahoman.com, US, July 25, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-473"><a href="#cite_ref-473">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperman2007" class="citation news cs1">Cooperman, Alan (January 21, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2007/01/21/carter-clinton-seek-to-bring-together-moderate-baptists-span-classbankheadexiles-from-conservative-group-targetedspan/2044354e-264d-4577-8120-03d491375775/">"Carter, Clinton Seek To Bring Together Moderate Baptists Exiles From Conservative Group Targeted"</a>. 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Retrieved February 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Carter+Book+Stirs+Furor+With+Its+View+of+Israelis%27+%27Apartheid%27&rft.date=2006-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F12%2F14%2Fbooks%2F14cart.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HAIP-482">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HAIP_482-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HAIP_482-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HAIP_482-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HAIP_482-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/2006-12-11/ty-article/jimmy-carter-israels-apartheid-policies-worse-than-south-africas/0000017f-db7c-d3a5-af7f-fbfea0530000">"Jimmy Carter: Israel's 'Apartheid' Policies Worse Than South Africa's"</a>. Haaretz. November 12, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306044613/https://www.haaretz.com/2006-12-11/ty-article/jimmy-carter-israels-apartheid-policies-worse-than-south-africas/0000017f-db7c-d3a5-af7f-fbfea0530000">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter%3A+Israel%27s+%27Apartheid%27+Policies+Worse+Than+South+Africa%27s&rft.date=2006-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F2006-12-11%2Fty-article%2Fjimmy-carter-israels-apartheid-policies-worse-than-south-africas%2F0000017f-db7c-d3a5-af7f-fbfea0530000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-483"><a href="#cite_ref-483">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brandeis.edu/now/2008/january/cartervisit.html">"Jimmy Carter apologizes for 'mistake' in book"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a>. Retrieved December 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Carter+apologizes+for+%27mistake%27+in+book&rft.pub=Brandeis+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brandeis.edu%2Fnow%2F2008%2Fjanuary%2Fcartervisit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-484"><a href="#cite_ref-484">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejustice.org/article/2007/01/carter-defends-book-challenges-brandeis-to-send-mideast-delegation">"Carter defends book; challenges Brandeis to send Mideast delegation"</a>. The Justice. Retrieved December 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Justice&rft.atitle=Carter+defends+book%3B+challenges+Brandeis+to+send+Mideast+delegation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejustice.org%2Farticle%2F2007%2F01%2Fcarter-defends-book-challenges-brandeis-to-send-mideast-delegation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-485"><a href="#cite_ref-485">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forward.com/news/9916/carter-wins-over-student-crowd-at-brandeis-receiv/">"Carter Wins Over Student Crowd at Brandeis, Receives Ovation"</a>. The Forward. January 24, 2007. Retrieved December 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=Carter+Wins+Over+Student+Crowd+at+Brandeis%2C+Receives+Ovation&rft.date=2007-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Fnews%2F9916%2Fcarter-wins-over-student-crowd-at-brandeis-receiv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-486"><a href="#cite_ref-486">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Carter_Center2014" class="citation web cs1">The Carter Center (June 20, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbUA8ld_2yc">"Speech to Brandeis University (Jan. 23, 2007)"</a>. Retrieved December 31, 2024 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+to+Brandeis+University+%28Jan.+23%2C+2007%29&rft.date=2014-06-20&rft.au=The+Carter+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DhbUA8ld_2yc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-487"><a href="#cite_ref-487">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041012000917/https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/library/carterbi.phtml">"Books written by President and Mrs. Carter"</a>. jimmycarterlibrary.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/library/carterbi.phtml">the original</a> on October 12, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jimmycarterlibrary.gov&rft.atitle=Books+written+by+President+and+Mrs.+Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jimmycarterlibrary.gov%2Flibrary%2Fcarterbi.phtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-488"><a href="#cite_ref-488">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvry2024" class="citation web cs1">Ivry, Benjamin (December 29, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forward.com/culture/656007/jimmy-carter-death-jews-israel-palestine/">"Jimmy Carter's death: Assessing the 39th president's record on Israel and the Jews"</a>. The Forward.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter%27s+death%3A+Assessing+the+39th+president%27s+record+on+Israel+and+the+Jews&rft.date=2024-12-29&rft.aulast=Ivry&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Fculture%2F656007%2Fjimmy-carter-death-jews-israel-palestine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-489"><a href="#cite_ref-489">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_D._Hershey_Jr1988" class="citation news cs1">Robert D. Hershey Jr (September 26, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/26/obituaries/billy-carter-dies-of-cancer-at-51-troubled-brother-of-a-president.html">"Billy Carter Dies of Cancer at 51; Troubled Brother of a President"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207130017/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/26/obituaries/billy-carter-dies-of-cancer-at-51-troubled-brother-of-a-president.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Billy+Carter+Dies+of+Cancer+at+51%3B+Troubled+Brother+of+a+President&rft.date=1988-09-26&rft.au=Robert+D.+Hershey+Jr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F09%2F26%2Fobituaries%2Fbilly-carter-dies-of-cancer-at-51-troubled-brother-of-a-president.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-490"><a href="#cite_ref-490">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCash1997" class="citation book cs1">Cash, John R. (1997). Johnny Cash, the Autobiography. Harper Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-274080-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-274080-7"><bdi>978-0-00-274080-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Johnny+Cash%2C+the+Autobiography&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-00-274080-7&rft.aulast=Cash&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-491"><a href="#cite_ref-491">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://walkoffame.com/berry-gordy/#:~:text=Berry%20Gordy%20I%20was%20the,and%20Carter%20second%20half%2Dcousins">"Berry Gordy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>. October 25, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305212554/https://walkoffame.com/berry-gordy/#:~:text=Berry%20Gordy%20I%20was%20the,and%20Carter%20second%20half%2Dcousins">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2022. Retrieved March 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hollywood+Walk+of+Fame&rft.atitle=Berry+Gordy&rft.date=2019-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwalkoffame.com%2Fberry-gordy%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DBerry%2520Gordy%2520I%2520was%2520the%2Cand%2520Carter%2520second%2520half%252Dcousins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-492"><a href="#cite_ref-492">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVejnoska2017" class="citation news cs1">Vejnoska, Jill (July 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/happy-71st-wedding-anniversary-jimmy-and-rosalynn-carter/8gLu5tUWRYN0iKxX4g8mWP/">"Happy 71st wedding anniversary Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter!"</a>. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401022911/https://www.ajc.com/news/happy-71st-wedding-anniversary-jimmy-and-rosalynn-carter/8gLu5tUWRYN0iKxX4g8mWP/">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Happy+71st+wedding+anniversary+Jimmy+and+Rosalynn+Carter%21&rft.date=2017-07-07&rft.aulast=Vejnoska&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fhappy-71st-wedding-anniversary-jimmy-and-rosalynn-carter%2F8gLu5tUWRYN0iKxX4g8mWP%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-493"><a href="#cite_ref-493">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/about_us/biography_of_jimmy_carter">"Biography of Jimmy Carter"</a>. Jimmy Carter Library. July 25, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018014719/https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/about_us/biography_of_jimmy_carter">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jimmy+Carter+Library&rft.atitle=Biography+of+Jimmy+Carter&rft.date=2018-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jimmycarterlibrary.gov%2Fabout_us%2Fbiography_of_jimmy_carter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter2020316–317-494"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter2020316–317_494-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlter2020">Alter 2020</a>, pp. 316–317. </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter2005-495">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carter2005_495-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carter2005_495-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carter2005_495-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJimmy_Carter2005" class="citation book cs1">Jimmy Carter (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ourendangeredvalcart00cart">Our Endangered Values: America's Moral Crisis</a>. Simon and Schuster. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ourendangeredvalcart00cart/page/84">84</a>–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-8457-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-8457-8"><bdi>978-0-7432-8457-8</bdi></a>. <q>My last book, Sharing Good Times, is dedicated "to Mary Prince, whom we love and cherish." Mary is a wonderful black woman who, as a teenager visiting a small town, was falsely accused of murder and defended by an assigned lawyer whom she first met on the day of the trial, when he advised her to plead guilty, promising a light sentence. She got life imprisonment instead ... A reexamination of the evidence and trial proceedings by the original judge revealed that she was completely innocent, and she was granted a pardon.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Endangered+Values%3A+America%27s+Moral+Crisis&rft.pages=84-&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-8457-8&rft.au=Jimmy+Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fourendangeredvalcart00cart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-496"><a href="#cite_ref-496">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBird2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kai_Bird" title="Kai Bird">Bird, Kai</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MAEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA81">The Outlier: The Unfinished Presidency of Jimmy Carter</a>. New York: Crown. pp. 3–4, 81–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-49523-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-49523-5"><bdi>978-0-451-49523-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Outlier%3A+The+Unfinished+Presidency+of+Jimmy+Carter&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E4%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E81-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-451-49523-5&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=Kai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg9MAEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-497"><a href="#cite_ref-497">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford1977" class="citation magazine cs1">Crawford, Clare (March 14, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150623232438/https://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20067515,00.html">"A Story of Love and Rehabilitation: the Ex-Con in the White House"</a>. People. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20067515,00.html">the original</a> on June 23, 2015. Retrieved May 3, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=A+Story+of+Love+and+Rehabilitation%3A+the+Ex-Con+in+the+White+House&rft.date=1977-03-14&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Clare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.com%2Fpeople%2Farchive%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C20067515%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-498"><a href="#cite_ref-498">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChabbott2015" class="citation web cs1">Chabbott, Sophia (March 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.glamour.com/inspired/blogs/the-conversation/2015/03/the-residence-book">"The Residence: Meet the Women Behind Presidential Families Kennedy, Johnson, Carter"</a>. Glamour. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150509085304/https://www.glamour.com/inspired/blogs/the-conversation/2015/03/the-residence-book">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2015. <q>Rosalynn Carter, who believed Prince was wrongly convicted, secured a reprieve so Prince could join them in Washington. Prince was later granted a full pardon; to this day she occasionally babysits the Carters' grandkids.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Glamour&rft.atitle=The+Residence%3A+Meet+the+Women+Behind+Presidential+Families+Kennedy%2C+Johnson%2C+Carter&rft.date=2015-03-19&rft.aulast=Chabbott&rft.aufirst=Sophia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.glamour.com%2Finspired%2Fblogs%2Fthe-conversation%2F2015%2F03%2Fthe-residence-book&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-500"><a href="#cite_ref-500">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes2019" class="citation news cs1">Barnes, Dustin (October 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/10/18/jimmy-rosalynn-carter-become-longest-married-presidential-couple/4025978002/">"'Still going strong': Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter become longest-married presidential couple"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101135011/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/10/18/jimmy-rosalynn-carter-become-longest-married-presidential-couple/4025978002/">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2020. 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David Luhrssen and Glen Jeansonne. 2011. p. 195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35904-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35904-0"><bdi>978-0-313-35904-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204092440/https://books.google.com/books?id=kUXPpQAhsCkC&q=elvis+presley+jimmy+carter+george+klein&pg=PA195">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2021. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714142349/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/12/arts/music/12gram.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved June 22, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Defiant+Dixie+Chicks+Are+Big+Winners+at+the+Grammys&rft.date=2007-02-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Leeds&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Manly%2C+Lorne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F02%2F12%2Farts%2Fmusic%2F12gram.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-618"><a href="#cite_ref-618">^</a> Judy Kurtz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/262293-jimmy-carter-up-for-another-grammy/">Jimmy Carter up for another Grammy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231114135944/https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/262293-jimmy-carter-up-for-another-grammy/">Archived</a> November 14, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Hill (December 7, 2015). </li> <li id="cite_note-619"><a href="#cite_ref-619">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaranth2019" class="citation web cs1">Karanth, Sanjana (February 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/jimmy-carter-grammys-spoken-word-album_us_5c60b896e4b0eec79b24c9cc?guccounter=1">"Jimmy Carter Wins 2019 Grammy Award For Spoken Word Album"</a>. HuffPost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011336/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/jimmy-carter-grammys-spoken-word-album_us_5c60b896e4b0eec79b24c9cc?guccounter=1">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2019. Retrieved February 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+Wins+2019+Grammy+Award+For+Spoken+Word+Album&rft.date=2019-02-11&rft.aulast=Karanth&rft.aufirst=Sanjana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.co.uk%2Fentry%2Fjimmy-carter-grammys-spoken-word-album_us_5c60b896e4b0eec79b24c9cc%3Fguccounter%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Musa-20241109-620"><a href="#cite_ref-Musa-20241109_620-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusa2024" class="citation news cs1">Musa, Amanda (November 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/11/09/us/jimmy-carter-grammy-nomination/index.html">"100-year-old Jimmy Carter receives 10th Grammy Award nomination for spoken-word album 'Last Sundays in Plains'"</a>. CNN. Retrieved November 9, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=100-year-old+Jimmy+Carter+receives+10th+Grammy+Award+nomination+for+spoken-word+album+%27Last+Sundays+in+Plains%27&rft.date=2024-11-09&rft.aulast=Musa&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F11%2F09%2Fus%2Fjimmy-carter-grammy-nomination%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RS-20241108-621"><a href="#cite_ref-RS-20241108_621-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/2025-grammys-best-weirdest-1235157302/">"Kendrick Reigns, Charli Shines, Jimmy Carter Gets a Nod: The Best and Weirdest 2025 Grammy Noms"</a>. Rolling Stone. November 8, 2024. Retrieved November 9, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Kendrick+Reigns%2C+Charli+Shines%2C+Jimmy+Carter+Gets+a+Nod%3A+The+Best+and+Weirdest+2025+Grammy+Noms&rft.date=2024-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-lists%2F2025-grammys-best-weirdest-1235157302%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-622"><a href="#cite_ref-622">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tSSQFo97Mg">"Jimmy Carter becomes first president to live to see White House ornament honoring his legacy"</a> (Video). <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. February 21, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240223062708/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tSSQFo97Mg">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2024. Retrieved September 23, 2024 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+becomes+first+president+to+live+to+see+White+House+ornament+honoring+his+legacy&rft.date=2024-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D4tSSQFo97Mg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlter2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Alter" title="Jonathan Alter">Alter, Jonathan</a> (2020). His Very Best: Jimmy Carter, a Life. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-2554-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-2554-6"><bdi>978-1-5011-2554-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=His+Very+Best%3A+Jimmy+Carter%2C+a+Life&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-5011-2554-6&rft.aulast=Alter&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalmer2014" class="citation book cs1">Balmer, Randall (2014). Redeemer: The Life of Jimmy Carter. <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-02958-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-02958-7"><bdi>978-0-465-02958-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Redeemer%3A+The+Life+of+Jimmy+Carter&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-465-02958-7&rft.aulast=Balmer&rft.aufirst=Randall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiven2002" class="citation book cs1">Biven, W. Carl (2002). Jimmy Carter's Economy: Policy in an Age of Limits. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Press" title="University of North Carolina Press">University of North Carolina Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-6124-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-6124-3"><bdi>0-8078-6124-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/53876246">53876246</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Carter%27s+Economy%3A+Policy+in+an+Age+of+Limits&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F53876246&rft.isbn=0-8078-6124-3&rft.aulast=Biven&rft.aufirst=W.+Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourne1997" class="citation book cs1">Bourne, Peter G. (1997). Jimmy Carter: A Comprehensive Biography From Plains to Post-Presidency. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Scribner</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-19543-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-19543-8"><bdi>978-0-684-19543-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/96048593">96048593</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL22339703M">22339703M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Carter%3A+A+Comprehensive+Biography+From+Plains+to+Post-Presidency&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL22339703M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F96048593&rft.isbn=978-0-684-19543-8&rft.aulast=Bourne&rft.aufirst=Peter+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrinkley1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Brinkley" title="Douglas Brinkley">Brinkley, Douglas</a> (1998). The Unfinished Presidency — Jimmy Carter's Journey Beyond the White House. <a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-88006-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-88006-5"><bdi>978-0-670-88006-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/98182755">98182755</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24739261M">24739261M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unfinished+Presidency+%E2%80%94+Jimmy+Carter%27s+Journey+Beyond+the+White+House&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL24739261M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F98182755&rft.isbn=978-0-670-88006-5&rft.aulast=Brinkley&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter2012" class="citation book cs1">Carter, Jeff (2012). Ancestors of Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="McFarland & Co">McFarland & Co</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8954-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8954-1"><bdi>978-0-7864-8954-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/802261814">802261814</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancestors+of+Jimmy+and+Rosalynn+Carter&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Co&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F802261814&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-8954-1&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter1992" class="citation book cs1">Carter, Jimmy (1992). Turning Point: A Candidate, a State, and a Nation Come of Age. <a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_Press" title="Three Rivers Press">Three Rivers Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-2299-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-2299-8"><bdi>978-0-8129-2299-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turning+Point%3A+A+Candidate%2C+a+State%2C+and+a+Nation+Come+of+Age&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8129-2299-8&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlippen2011" class="citation book cs1">Flippen, J. Brooks (2011). Jimmy Carter, the Politics of Family, and the Rise of the Religious Right. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_Press" title="University of Georgia Press">University of Georgia Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-3955-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-3955-9"><bdi>978-0-8203-3955-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/724088293">724088293</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Carter%2C+the+Politics+of+Family%2C+and+the+Rise+of+the+Religious+Right&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F724088293&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-3955-9&rft.aulast=Flippen&rft.aufirst=J.+Brooks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank1995" class="citation book cs1">Frank, Northen Magill (1995). Great Events from History II: 1945–1966. <a href="/wiki/Salem_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Salem Press">Salem Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89356-753-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89356-753-8"><bdi>978-0-89356-753-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Events+from+History+II%3A+1945%E2%80%931966&rft.pub=Salem+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-89356-753-8&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Northen+Magill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman1982" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Roger A. (1982). The Wayward Welfare State. <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoover Press">Hoover Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-7493-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-7493-0"><bdi>978-0-8179-7493-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wayward+Welfare+State&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-8179-7493-0&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Roger+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGherman2004" class="citation book cs1">Gherman, Beverly (2004). Jimmy Carter. <a href="/wiki/Lerner_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Lerner Publications">Lerner Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8225-0816-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8225-0816-8"><bdi>0-8225-0816-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51861756">51861756</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Carter&rft.pub=Lerner+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51861756&rft.isbn=0-8225-0816-8&rft.aulast=Gherman&rft.aufirst=Beverly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGodbold2010" class="citation book cs1">Godbold, E. Stanly Jr. (2010). Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter: the Georgia Years, 1924–1974. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-977962-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-977962-8"><bdi>978-0-19-977962-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jimmy+and+Rosalynn+Carter%3A+the+Georgia+Years%2C+1924%E2%80%931974&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-977962-8&rft.aulast=Godbold&rft.aufirst=E.+Stanly+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHambley2008" class="citation book cs1">Hambley, Del (2008). Presidential Footprints: Inauguration of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, January 20, 1961. Dog Ear Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59858-815-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59858-815-6"><bdi>978-1-59858-815-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/678081512">678081512</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presidential+Footprints%3A+Inauguration+of+John+Fitzgerald+Kennedy%2C+January+20%2C+1961&rft.pub=Dog+Ear+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F678081512&rft.isbn=978-1-59858-815-6&rft.aulast=Hambley&rft.aufirst=Del&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2005" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, Neil A. (2005). Presidents: a Biographical Dictionary (2 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Facts_On_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Facts On File">Facts On File</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0816-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0816-2"><bdi>978-1-4381-0816-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/234178908">234178908</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presidents%3A+a+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Facts+On+File&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F234178908&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-0816-2&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Neil+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayward2004" class="citation book cs1">Hayward, Steven F. (2004). The Real Jimmy Carter: How Our Worst Ex-president Undermines American Foreign Policy, Coddles Dictators, and Created the Party of Clinton and Kerry. <a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59698-278-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59698-278-9"><bdi>978-1-59698-278-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/836407503">836407503</a>. <q>Earl may not have voted for FRD again, but he was not above receiving several New Deal agricultural subsidies as the Depression wore on.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Real+Jimmy+Carter%3A+How+Our+Worst+Ex-president+Undermines+American+Foreign+Policy%2C+Coddles+Dictators%2C+and+Created+the+Party+of+Clinton+and+Kerry&rft.pub=Regnery+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F836407503&rft.isbn=978-1-59698-278-9&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=Steven+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayward2009" class="citation book cs1">Hayward, Steven F. (2009). The Age of Reagan: the Fall of the Old Liberal Order: 1964–1980. <a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-45370-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-45370-9"><bdi>978-0-307-45370-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Reagan%3A+the+Fall+of+the+Old+Liberal+Order%3A+1964%E2%80%931980&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-307-45370-9&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=Steven+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerring2008" class="citation book cs1">Herring, George C. (2008). From Colony to Superpower; U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507822-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507822-0"><bdi>978-0-19-507822-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2008007996">2008007996</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL19970907M">19970907M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Colony+to+Superpower%3B+U.S.+Foreign+Relations+Since+1776&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL19970907M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2008007996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507822-0&rft.aulast=Herring&rft.aufirst=George+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobkirk2002" class="citation book cs1">Hobkirk, Lori (2002). James Earl Carter: Our Thirty-ninth President. The Child's World, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56766-873-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-56766-873-9"><bdi>1-56766-873-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45024331">45024331</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+Earl+Carter%3A+Our+Thirty-ninth+President&rft.pub=The+Child%27s+World%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45024331&rft.isbn=1-56766-873-9&rft.aulast=Hobkirk&rft.aufirst=Lori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman2016" class="citation book cs1">Kaufman, Scott (2016). A Companion to Gerald R. Ford and Jimmy Carter. <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-90763-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-90763-4"><bdi>978-1-118-90763-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/916409068">916409068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Gerald+R.+Ford+and+Jimmy+Carter&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F916409068&rft.isbn=978-1-118-90763-4&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufmanKaufman2006" class="citation book cs1">Kaufman, Burton I.; Kaufman, Scott (2006). The Presidency of James Earl Carter (2 ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1471-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1471-4"><bdi>978-0-7006-1471-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7763218M">7763218M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidency+of+James+Earl+Carter&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL7763218M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1471-4&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Burton+I.&rft.au=Kaufman%2C+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufmanKaufman2013" class="citation book cs1">Kaufman, Diane; Kaufman, Scott (2013). Historical Dictionary Of the Carter Era. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7968-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7968-3"><bdi>978-0-8108-7968-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/834614686">834614686</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+Of+the+Carter+Era&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F834614686&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7968-3&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.au=Kaufman%2C+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarguet2022" class="citation book cs1">Marguet, Serge (2022). A Brief History of Nuclear Reactor Accidents from Leipzig to Fukushima. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-031-10500-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-031-10500-5"><bdi>978-3-031-10500-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1366112034">1366112034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Nuclear+Reactor+Accidents+from+Leipzig+to+Fukushima&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1366112034&rft.isbn=978-3-031-10500-5&rft.aulast=Marguet&rft.aufirst=Serge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartel2008" class="citation book cs1">Martel, Peter (2008). Memoirs of a Hayseed Physicist. Strategic Book. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60693-341-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60693-341-1"><bdi>978-1-60693-341-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+a+Hayseed+Physicist&rft.pub=Strategic+Book&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-60693-341-1&rft.aulast=Martel&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1996" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Kenneth Earl (1996). Jimmy Carter, American Moralist. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_Press" title="University of Georgia Press">University of Georgia Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-1862-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-1862-2"><bdi>978-0-8203-1862-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/96006350">96006350</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL969764M">969764M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Carter%2C+American+Moralist&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL969764M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F96006350&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-1862-2&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+Earl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukunda2022" class="citation book cs1">Mukunda, Gautam (2022). Picking Presidents: How to Make the Most Consequential Decision in the World. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-97703-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-97703-7"><bdi>978-0-520-97703-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1303569935">1303569935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Picking+Presidents%3A+How+to+Make+the+Most+Consequential+Decision+in+the+World&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1303569935&rft.isbn=978-0-520-97703-7&rft.aulast=Mukunda&rft.aufirst=Gautam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewton2016" class="citation book cs1">Newton, David E. (2016). The Global Water Crisis: a Reference Handbook. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3981-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3981-8"><bdi>978-1-4408-3981-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/945976409">945976409</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+Water+Crisis%3A+a+Reference+Handbook&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F945976409&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-3981-8&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNijnatten2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nijnatten, Frans van (2012). Tussen liberalisme en conservatisme: de verkiezingscampagnes van Jimmy Carter (1962–1980) [Between Liberalism and Conservatism: Jimmy Carter's Election Campaigns (1962–1980)] (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/Vossiuspers_UvA" class="mw-redirect" title="Vossiuspers UvA">Vossiuspers UvA</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5629-698-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5629-698-8"><bdi>978-90-5629-698-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/775137957">775137957</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tussen+liberalisme+en+conservatisme%3A+de+verkiezingscampagnes+van+Jimmy+Carter+%281962%E2%80%931980%29&rft.pub=Vossiuspers+UvA&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F775137957&rft.isbn=978-90-5629-698-8&rft.aulast=Nijnatten&rft.aufirst=Frans+van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanton2022" class="citation book cs1">Panton, Kenneth J. (2022). Historical Dictionary of the United States. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-2419-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-2419-2"><bdi>978-1-5381-2419-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1295808727">1295808727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1295808727&rft.isbn=978-1-5381-2419-2&rft.aulast=Panton&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2006" class="citation book cs1">Ryan, Bernard Jr. (2006). Jimmy Carter: U.S. President and Humanitarian. Ferguson Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5903-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5903-4"><bdi>978-0-8160-5903-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Carter%3A+U.S.+President+and+Humanitarian&rft.pub=Ferguson+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-5903-4&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Bernard+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneiderSchneider2005" class="citation book cs1">Schneider, Dorothy; Schneider, Carl J. (2005). First Ladies: a Biographical Dictionary (2 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Infobase" title="Infobase">Infobase</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0815-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0815-5"><bdi>978-1-4381-0815-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/234178582">234178582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Ladies%3A+a+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Infobase&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F234178582&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-0815-5&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Dorothy&rft.au=Schneider%2C+Carl+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1978" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Sunny (1978). Jimmy Carter: From Peanuts to Presidency. Vesta Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-919806-61-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-919806-61-9"><bdi>0-919806-61-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6041403">6041403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Carter%3A+From+Peanuts+to+Presidency&rft.pub=Vesta+Publications&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6041403&rft.isbn=0-919806-61-9&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Sunny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWead2005" class="citation book cs1">Wead, Doug (2005). The Raising of a President: The Mothers and Fathers of Our Nation's Leaders. <a href="/wiki/Atria_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Atria Books">Atria Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-1307-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-1307-0"><bdi>978-1-4165-1307-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Raising+of+a+President%3A+The+Mothers+and+Fathers+of+Our+Nation%27s+Leaders&rft.pub=Atria+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-1307-0&rft.aulast=Wead&rft.aufirst=Doug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWertheimer2004" class="citation book cs1">Wertheimer, Molly Meijer (2004). Inventing a Voice: the Rhetoric of American First Ladies of the Twentieth Century. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7425-2970-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7425-2970-3"><bdi>0-7425-2970-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/835122766">835122766</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inventing+a+Voice%3A+the+Rhetoric+of+American+First+Ladies+of+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F835122766&rft.isbn=0-7425-2970-3&rft.aulast=Wertheimer&rft.aufirst=Molly+Meijer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWooten1978" class="citation book cs1">Wooten, James T. (1978). Dasher: The Roots and the Rising of Jimmy Carter. <a href="/wiki/Summit_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Summit Books">Summit Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-40004-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-40004-5"><bdi>0-671-40004-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3481251">3481251</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dasher%3A+The+Roots+and+the+Rising+of+Jimmy+Carter&rft.pub=Summit+Books&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3481251&rft.isbn=0-671-40004-5&rft.aulast=Wooten&rft.aufirst=James+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Book2001" class="citation book cs1">World Book Encyclopedia (Hardcover) [Jimmy Carter entry]. <a href="/wiki/World_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="World Book">World Book</a>. January 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7166-0101-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7166-0101-2"><bdi>978-0-7166-0101-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Book+Encyclopedia+%28Hardcover%29+%5BJimmy+Carter+entry%5D&rft.pub=World+Book&rft.date=2001-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7166-0101-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZelizer2010" class="citation book cs1">Zelizer, Julian E. (2010). Jimmy Carter. <a href="/wiki/Times_Books" title="Times Books">Times Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8957-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8957-8"><bdi>978-0-8050-8957-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2010016818">2010016818</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24804105M">24804105M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Carter&rft.pub=Times+Books&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL24804105M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2010016818&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-8957-8&rft.aulast=Zelizer&rft.aufirst=Julian+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="News_sources">News sources</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHingston2016" class="citation news cs1">Hingston, Sandy (April 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phillymag.com/news/2016/04/24/princeton-sprint-football-team/">"Why This Princeton Football Team Won't Be Suiting Up Next Season"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_(magazine)" title="Philadelphia (magazine)">Philadelphia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161106124516/https://www.phillymag.com/news/2016/04/24/princeton-sprint-football-team/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philadelphia&rft.atitle=Why+This+Princeton+Football+Team+Won%27t+Be+Suiting+Up+Next+Season&rft.date=2016-04-24&rft.aulast=Hingston&rft.aufirst=Sandy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phillymag.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2F04%2F24%2Fprinceton-sprint-football-team%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArgetsinger1996" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Argetsinger" title="Amy Argetsinger">Argetsinger, Amy</a> (June 5, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1996/06/05/the-class-of-the-naval-academy-has-50th-reunion/1631f2ba-b06e-4fe4-9968-1c39efb7d6bc/">"The Class of the Naval Academy Has 50th Reunion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved March 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Class+of+the+Naval+Academy+Has+50th+Reunion&rft.date=1996-06-05&rft.aulast=Argetsinger&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flocal%2F1996%2F06%2F05%2Fthe-class-of-the-naval-academy-has-50th-reunion%2F1631f2ba-b06e-4fe4-9968-1c39efb7d6bc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrowWarren2023" class="citation news cs1">Barrow, Bill; Warren, Michael (November 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/rosalynn-carter-dead-e4291133392444bc9ad9d1da461d95c1">"Rosalynn Carter, Outspoken Former First Lady, Dies At 96"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Press News">Associated Press News</a>. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Rosalynn+Carter%2C+Outspoken+Former+First+Lady%2C+Dies+At+96&rft.date=2023-11-20&rft.aulast=Barrow&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Warren%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Frosalynn-carter-dead-e4291133392444bc9ad9d1da461d95c1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilnes2009" class="citation news cs1">Milnes, Arthur (January 28, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110217161647/https://ottawariverkeeper.ca/news/when_jimmy_carter_faced_radioactivity_head_on">"When Jimmy Carter Faced Radioactivity Head-on"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Citizen" title="Ottawa Citizen">Ottawa Citizen</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawariverkeeper.ca/news/when_jimmy_carter_faced_radioactivity_head_on/">the original</a> on February 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=When+Jimmy+Carter+Faced+Radioactivity+Head-on&rft.date=2009-01-28&rft.aulast=Milnes&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawariverkeeper.ca%2Fnews%2Fwhen_jimmy_carter_faced_radioactivity_head_on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuciu2020" class="citation news cs1">Suciu, Peter (March 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/why-president-jimmy-carter-got-his-very-own-submarine-137717">"Why President Jimmy Carter Got His Very Own Submarine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_National_Interest" title="The National Interest">The National Interest</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Interest&rft.atitle=Why+President+Jimmy+Carter+Got+His+Very+Own+Submarine&rft.date=2020-03-27&rft.aulast=Suciu&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalinterest.org%2Fblog%2Fbuzz%2Fwhy-president-jimmy-carter-got-his-very-own-submarine-137717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerman2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Berman, Eliza (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.life.com/history/jimmy-carter-governor-inauguration-discrimination/">"A Governor Speaks Out on Race: LIFE's Look at Jimmy Carter, 1971"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a>. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=A+Governor+Speaks+Out+on+Race%3A+LIFE%27s+Look+at+Jimmy+Carter%2C+1971&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Eliza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.life.com%2Fhistory%2Fjimmy-carter-governor-inauguration-discrimination%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1971a" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19710714&printsec=frontpage">"Carter Aims to Create Human Relations Panel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rome_News-Tribune" title="Rome News-Tribune">Rome News-Tribune</a>. July 8, 1971. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140454/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19710714&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rome+News-Tribune&rft.atitle=Carter+Aims+to+Create+Human+Relations+Panel&rft.date=1971-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DBJbdYPG6LGMC%26dat%3D19710714%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1971b" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GW5NAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vDUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3623%2C1460658">"Gov. Carter Orders Cuts In Georgia Spending"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rome_News-Tribune" title="Rome News-Tribune">Rome News-Tribune</a>. July 14, 1971. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210901170904/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GW5NAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vDUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3623,1460658">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rome+News-Tribune&rft.atitle=Gov.+Carter+Orders+Cuts+In+Georgia+Spending&rft.date=1971-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DGW5NAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DvDUDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3623%252C1460658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1972a" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19720113&printsec=frontpage">"Two Budget Proposals Offered By Gov. Carter to Legislature"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rome_News-Tribune" title="Rome News-Tribune">Rome News-Tribune</a>. January 13, 1972. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140459/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19720113&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rome+News-Tribune&rft.atitle=Two+Budget+Proposals+Offered+By+Gov.+Carter+to+Legislature&rft.date=1972-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DBJbdYPG6LGMC%26dat%3D19720113%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1972b" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=N5pMAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xzUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2478%2C241190">"Reappointment Rejection Could Bring Session"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rome_News-Tribune" title="Rome News-Tribune">Rome News-Tribune</a>. March 2, 1972. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210901170905/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=N5pMAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xzUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2478,241190">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rome+News-Tribune&rft.atitle=Reappointment+Rejection+Could+Bring+Session&rft.date=1972-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DN5pMAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DxzUDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2478%252C241190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNBC_News2008" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna25889670">"Jimmy Carter Battles Plan for Dams – Again"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. July 28, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190801090635/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/25889670/ns/us_news-environment/t/jimmy-carter-battles-plan-dams-again/">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+Battles+Plan+for+Dams+%E2%80%93+Again&rft.date=2008-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna25889670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1973a" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19730201&printsec=frontpage">"Governors Disagree on School Busing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rome_News-Tribune" title="Rome News-Tribune">Rome News-Tribune</a>. February 1, 1973. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140451/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19730201&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rome+News-Tribune&rft.atitle=Governors+Disagree+on+School+Busing&rft.date=1973-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DBJbdYPG6LGMC%26dat%3D19730201%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1971c" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19711107&printsec=frontpage">"Southern Governors Meeting in Atlanta"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rome_News-Tribune" title="Rome News-Tribune">Rome News-Tribune</a>. November 7, 1971. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140455/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19711107&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rome+News-Tribune&rft.atitle=Southern+Governors+Meeting+in+Atlanta&rft.date=1971-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DBJbdYPG6LGMC%26dat%3D19711107%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPilkington2013" class="citation news cs1">Pilkington, Ed (November 11, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/11/jimmy-carter-supreme-court-death-penalty">"Jimmy Carter Calls for Fresh Moratorium on Death Penalty"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705115637/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/11/jimmy-carter-supreme-court-death-penalty">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2023. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+Calls+for+Fresh+Moratorium+on+Death+Penalty&rft.date=2013-11-11&rft.aulast=Pilkington&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fnov%2F11%2Fjimmy-carter-supreme-court-death-penalty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1972c" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19720804&printsec=frontpage">"Carter, Wallace Hold Election Conference"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rome_News-Tribune" title="Rome News-Tribune">Rome News-Tribune</a>. August 4, 1972. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011183951/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19720804&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rome+News-Tribune&rft.atitle=Carter%2C+Wallace+Hold+Election+Conference&rft.date=1972-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DBJbdYPG6LGMC%26dat%3D19720804%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1973b" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19730513&printsec=frontpage">"Carter Cautions Democrats to Play it Cool on Watergate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rome_News-Tribune" title="Rome News-Tribune">Rome News-Tribune</a>. May 13, 1973. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817013656/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19730513&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rome+News-Tribune&rft.atitle=Carter+Cautions+Democrats+to+Play+it+Cool+on+Watergate&rft.date=1973-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DBJbdYPG6LGMC%26dat%3D19730513%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1973c" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19730514&printsec=frontpage">"Carter Off on European Tour"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rome_News-Tribune" title="Rome News-Tribune">Rome News-Tribune</a>. May 14, 1973. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140453/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19730514&printsec=frontpage">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rome+News-Tribune&rft.atitle=Carter+Off+on+European+Tour&rft.date=1973-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DBJbdYPG6LGMC%26dat%3D19730514%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Websites">Websites</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Park_Service2020" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/places/plains-high-school.htm">"Plains High School"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. October 14, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220717143320/https://www.nps.gov/places/plains-high-school.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2022. Retrieved July 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plains+High+School&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=2020-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fplaces%2Fplains-high-school.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRattini2020" class="citation web cs1">Rattini, Kristin Baird (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gtalumni.org/s/1481/alumni/17/magazine-pages.aspx?sid=1481&gid=21&pgid=18394&cid=40232&ecid=40232&crid=0&calpgid=18390&calcid=40218">"Jimmy Carter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Tech_Alumni_Association" title="Georgia Tech Alumni Association">Georgia Tech Alumni Association</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106231900/https://www.gtalumni.org/s/1481/alumni/17/magazine-pages.aspx?sid=1481&gid=21&pgid=18394&cid=40232&ecid=40232&crid=0&calpgid=18390&calcid=40218">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Carter&rft.pub=Georgia+Tech+Alumni+Association&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Rattini&rft.aufirst=Kristin+Baird&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gtalumni.org%2Fs%2F1481%2Falumni%2F17%2Fmagazine-pages.aspx%3Fsid%3D1481%26gid%3D21%26pgid%3D18394%26cid%3D40232%26ecid%3D40232%26crid%3D0%26calpgid%3D18390%26calcid%3D40218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter_Center2023" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cartercenter.org/news/pr/2023/statement-rosalynn-carter-111923.html">"Former First Lady Rosalynn Carter Passes Away at Age 96"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carter_Center" title="Carter Center">Carter Center</a>. November 19, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231119201739/https://www.cartercenter.org/news/pr/2023/statement-rosalynn-carter-111923.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2023. Retrieved November 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+First+Lady+Rosalynn+Carter+Passes+Away+at+Age+96&rft.pub=Carter+Center&rft.date=2023-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cartercenter.org%2Fnews%2Fpr%2F2023%2Fstatement-rosalynn-carter-111923.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum2004" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151116012607/https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/documents/jec/jcnavy.phtml">"Jimmy Carter's Naval Service"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum" title="Jimmy Carter Library and Museum">Jimmy Carter Library and Museum</a>. November 19, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/documents/jec/jcnavy.phtml">the original</a> on November 16, 2015. Retrieved November 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jimmy+Carter+Library+and+Museum&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter%27s+Naval+Service&rft.date=2004-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jimmycarterlibrary.gov%2Fdocuments%2Fjec%2Fjcnavy.phtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaval_History_and_Heritage_Command1997" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/biographies-list/bios-c/carter-james-e.html">"James Earl Carter, Jr"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Naval_History_and_Heritage_Command" title="Naval History and Heritage Command">Naval History and Heritage Command</a>. October 19, 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220154017/https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/biographies-list/bios-c/carter-james-e.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2023. Retrieved February 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naval+History+and+Heritage+Command&rft.atitle=James+Earl+Carter%2C+Jr.&rft.date=1997-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Fresearch%2Fhistories%2Fbiographies-list%2Fbios-c%2Fcarter-james-e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckstein2015" class="citation web cs1">Eckstein, Megan (March 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.usni.org/2015/03/09/from-ensign-to-commander-in-chief-a-look-at-the-presidents-who-served-in-the-u-s-navy-reserve">"From Ensign to Commander-in-Chief: A Look at the Presidents Who Served in the U.S. Navy Reserve"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USNI_News" class="mw-redirect" title="USNI News">USNI News</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Institute" title="United States Naval Institute">United States Naval Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816164136/https://news.usni.org/2015/03/09/from-ensign-to-commander-in-chief-a-look-at-the-presidents-who-served-in-the-u-s-navy-reserve">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USNI+News&rft.atitle=From+Ensign+to+Commander-in-Chief%3A+A+Look+at+the+Presidents+Who+Served+in+the+U.S.+Navy+Reserve&rft.date=2015-03-09&rft.aulast=Eckstein&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.usni.org%2F2015%2F03%2F09%2Ffrom-ensign-to-commander-in-chief-a-look-at-the-presidents-who-served-in-the-u-s-navy-reserve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaval_History_and_Heritage_Command2023" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/people/presidents/carter.html">"Lieutenant James Earl Carter Jr., USN"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Naval_History_and_Heritage_Command" title="Naval History and Heritage Command">Naval History and Heritage Command</a>. March 3, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816204427/https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/people/presidents/carter.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naval+History+and+Heritage+Command&rft.atitle=Lieutenant+James+Earl+Carter+Jr.%2C+USN&rft.date=2023-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Fbrowse-by-topic%2Fpeople%2Fpresidents%2Fcarter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonicaPiccotti2018" class="citation web cs1">Donica, Adrienne; Piccotti, Tyler (March 27, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biography.com/us-president/jimmy-carter">"Jimmy Carter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Biography.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Biography.com">Biography.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606151959/https://www.biography.com/us-president/jimmy-carter">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography.com&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter&rft.date=2018-03-27&rft.aulast=Donica&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rft.au=Piccotti%2C+Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fus-president%2Fjimmy-carter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorgia_General_Assembly1965" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/cgi-bin/govdimag.cgi?path=dbs/1965/ga/s700/_ps1/g4/1965_h66/sess_p1_sno_p1.con/&user=galileo&sessionid=637f8586-1547653717-5036&serverid=DU&instcode=afpl&return=ggpd%3fuserid%3dgalileo%26dbs%3dggpd%26action%3dretrieve%26recno%3d70%26numrecs%3d100%26__rtype%3drecno%26key%3dy-ga-bs700-b-ps1-bg4-b1965-h66-bsess-p1-sno-p1">"Members Of The General Assembly Of Georgia: State Senate and Hous of Representatives – Term 1965–1966"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Georgia_General_Assembly" title="Georgia General Assembly">Georgia General Assembly</a>. February 1965. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200216151724/https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/cgi-bin/govdimag.cgi?path=dbs%2F1965%2Fga%2Fs700%2F_ps1%2Fg4%2F1965_h66%2Fsess_p1_sno_p1.con%2F&user=galileo&sessionid=637f8586-1547653717-5036&serverid=DU&instcode=afpl&return=ggpd%3Fuserid%3Dgalileo&dbs=ggpd&action=retrieve&recno=70&numrecs=100&__rtype=recno&key=y-ga-bs700-b-ps1-bg4-b1965-h66-bsess-p1-sno-p1">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Members+Of+The+General+Assembly+Of+Georgia%3A+State+Senate+and+Hous+of+Representatives+%E2%80%93+Term+1965%E2%80%931966&rft.pub=Georgia+General+Assembly&rft.date=1965-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdlg.galileo.usg.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgovdimag.cgi%3Fpath%3Ddbs%2F1965%2Fga%2Fs700%2F_ps1%2Fg4%2F1965_h66%2Fsess_p1_sno_p1.con%2F%26user%3Dgalileo%26sessionid%3D637f8586-1547653717-5036%26serverid%3DDU%26instcode%3Dafpl%26return%3Dggpd%253fuserid%253dgalileo%2526dbs%253dggpd%2526action%253dretrieve%2526recno%253d70%2526numrecs%253d100%2526__rtype%253drecno%2526key%253dy-ga-bs700-b-ps1-bg4-b1965-h66-bsess-p1-sno-p1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSidey2012" class="citation web cs1">Sidey, Hugh S. (January 22, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120427131522/https://www.worldbook.com/content-spotlight/item/1156-lives-and-times-of-american-presidents-1961-present/1156-lives-and-times-of-american-presidents-1961-present?start=5">"Carter, Jimmy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="World Book">World Book</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbook.com/content-spotlight/item/1156-lives-and-times-of-american-presidents-1961-present/1156-lives-and-times-of-american-presidents-1961-present?start=5">the original</a> on April 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carter%2C+Jimmy&rft.pub=World+Book&rft.date=2012-01-22&rft.aulast=Sidey&rft.aufirst=Hugh+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbook.com%2Fcontent-spotlight%2Fitem%2F1156-lives-and-times-of-american-presidents-1961-present%2F1156-lives-and-times-of-american-presidents-1961-present%3Fstart%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_bibliography" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmy Carter bibliography">Jimmy Carter bibliography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter#Further_reading" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Presidency of Jimmy Carter § Further reading</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Andelic, Patrick. Donkey Work: Congressional Democrats in Conservative America, 1974–1994 (2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0700628037/">excerpt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331131229/https://www.amazon.com/Donkey-Work-Congressional-Democrats-Conservative/dp/0700628037/">Archived</a> March 31, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerggrenRae2006" class="citation journal cs1">Berggren, D. Jason; Rae, Nicol C. (2006). "Jimmy Carter and George W. Bush: Faith, Foreign Policy, and an Evangelical Presidential Style". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 36 (4): 606–632. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1741-5705.2006.02570.x">10.1111/j.1741-5705.2006.02570.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0360-4918">0360-4918</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+and+George+W.+Bush%3A+Faith%2C+Foreign+Policy%2C+and+an+Evangelical+Presidential+Style&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E606-%3C%2Fspan%3E632&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1741-5705.2006.02570.x&rft.issn=0360-4918&rft.aulast=Berggren&rft.aufirst=D.+Jason&rft.au=Rae%2C+Nicol+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBird2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kai_Bird" title="Kai Bird">Bird, Kai</a> (2021). The Outlier: The Unfinished Presidency of Jimmy Carter (First hardcover ed.). New York: Crown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-49523-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-49523-5"><bdi>978-0-451-49523-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1280936868">1280936868</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Outlier%3A+The+Unfinished+Presidency+of+Jimmy+Carter&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First+hardcover&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1280936868&rft.isbn=978-0-451-49523-5&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=Kai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"> In-depth biography focused on the presidency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0451495233/">Excerpt</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125173151/https://www.amazon.com/Outlier-Unfinished-Presidency-Jimmy-Carter/dp/0451495233/">Archived</a> January 25, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusch2005" class="citation book cs1">Busch, Andrew E. (2005). Reagan's Victory: The Presidential Election of 1980 and the Rise of the Right. University Press of Kansas.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reagan%27s+Victory%3A+The+Presidential+Election+of+1980+and+the+Rise+of+the+Right&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Busch&rft.aufirst=Andrew+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClymer2003" class="citation journal cs1">Clymer, Kenton (2003). "Jimmy Carter, Human Rights, and Cambodia". Diplomatic History. 27 (2): 245–278. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-7709.00349">10.1111/1467-7709.00349</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0145-2096">0145-2096</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24914265">24914265</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diplomatic+History&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter%2C+Human+Rights%2C+and+Cambodia&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E245-%3C%2Fspan%3E278&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=0145-2096&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24914265%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-7709.00349&rft.aulast=Clymer&rft.aufirst=Kenton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Daigle, Craig. "Beyond Camp David: Jimmy Carter, Palestinian Self-Determination, and Human Rights." Diplomatic History 42.5 (2018): 802–830.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumbrell1995" class="citation book cs1">Dumbrell, John (1995). The Carter Presidency: A Re-evaluation (2nd ed.). Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4693-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4693-3"><bdi>978-0-7190-4693-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Carter+Presidency%3A+A+Re-evaluation&rft.place=Manchester%2C+UK&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-4693-3&rft.aulast=Dumbrell&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkGraham1998" class="citation book cs1">Fink, Gary M.; Graham, Hugh Davis, eds. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780700608959">The Carter Presidency: Policy Choices in the Post-New Deal Era</a>. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0895-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0895-9"><bdi>978-0-7006-0895-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Carter+Presidency%3A+Policy+Choices+in+the+Post-New+Deal+Era&rft.place=Lawrence&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-0895-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780700608959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlintPorter2005" class="citation journal cs1">Flint, Andrew R.; Porter, Joy (March 2005). "Jimmy Carter: The re-emergence of faith-based politics and the abortion rights issue". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 35 (1): 28–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1741-5705.2004.00234.x">10.1111/j.1741-5705.2004.00234.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter%3A+The+re-emergence+of+faith-based+politics+and+the+abortion+rights+issue&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E28-%3C%2Fspan%3E51&rft.date=2005-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1741-5705.2004.00234.x&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=Andrew+R.&rft.au=Porter%2C+Joy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedman2005" class="citation journal cs1">Freedman, Robert (2005). "The Religious Right and the Carter Administration". The Historical Journal. 48 (1): 231–260. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X04004285">10.1017/S0018246X04004285</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-246X">0018-246X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154791980">154791980</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Religious+Right+and+the+Carter+Administration&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E231-%3C%2Fspan%3E260&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154791980%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0018-246X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X04004285&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillon1992" class="citation book cs1">Gillon, Steven M. (1992). The Democrats' Dilemma: Walter F. Mondale and the Liberal Legacy. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-07630-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-07630-2"><bdi>978-0-231-07630-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Democrats%27+Dilemma%3A+Walter+F.+Mondale+and+the+Liberal+Legacy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-231-07630-2&rft.aulast=Gillon&rft.aufirst=Steven+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlad1980" class="citation book cs1">Glad, Betty (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jimmycarterinsea0000glad">Jimmy Carter: In Search of the Great White House</a>. New York: W. W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-07527-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-07527-4"><bdi>978-0-393-07527-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Carter%3A+In+Search+of+the+Great+White+House&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-393-07527-4&rft.aulast=Glad&rft.aufirst=Betty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjimmycarterinsea0000glad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahn1992" class="citation book cs1">Hahn, Dan F. (1992). "The rhetoric of Jimmy Carter, 1976–1980". In Windt, Theodore; Ingold, Beth (eds.). Essays in Presidential Rhetoric (3rd ed.). Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt. pp. 331–365. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8403-7568-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8403-7568-1"><bdi>978-0-8403-7568-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+rhetoric+of+Jimmy+Carter%2C+1976%E2%80%931980&rft.btitle=Essays+in+Presidential+Rhetoric&rft.place=Dubuque%2C+Iowa&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E331-%3C%2Fspan%3E365&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Kendall%2FHunt&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8403-7568-1&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Dan+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHargrove1988" class="citation book cs1">Hargrove, Erwin C. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jimmycarteraspre00erwi">Jimmy Carter as President: Leadership and the Politics of the Public Good</a>. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-1499-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-1499-5"><bdi>978-0-8071-1499-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Carter+as+President%3A+Leadership+and+the+Politics+of+the+Public+Good&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-1499-5&rft.aulast=Hargrove&rft.aufirst=Erwin+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjimmycarteraspre00erwi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Harris_(protestor)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Harris (protestor)">Harris, David</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crisispresidentp00harr">The Crisis: the President, the Prophet, and the Shah – 1979 and the Coming of Militant Islam</a>. Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-32394-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-32394-9"><bdi>978-0-316-32394-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis%3A+the+President%2C+the+Prophet%2C+and+the+Shah+%E2%80%93+1979+and+the+Coming+of+Militant+Islam&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-316-32394-9&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrisispresidentp00harr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Jensehaugen, Jørgen. Arab-Israeli diplomacy under Carter: the US, Israel and the Palestinians (Bloomsbury, 2018).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1988" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Charles O. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trusteeshippresi0000jone">The Trusteeship Presidency: Jimmy Carter and the United States Congress</a>. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-1426-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-1426-1"><bdi>978-0-8071-1426-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trusteeship+Presidency%3A+Jimmy+Carter+and+the+United+States+Congress&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-1426-1&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Charles+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftrusteeshippresi0000jone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJorden1984" class="citation book cs1">Jorden, William J. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/panamaodyssey00jord">Panama Odyssey</a>. Austin: University of Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-76469-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-76469-9"><bdi>978-0-292-76469-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Panama+Odyssey&rft.place=Austin&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-292-76469-9&rft.aulast=Jorden&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpanamaodyssey00jord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeys2014" class="citation book cs1">Keys, Barbara J. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BZHzAgAAQBAJ">Reclaiming American Virtue: The Human Rights Revolution of the 1970s</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-72603-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-72603-1"><bdi>978-0-674-72603-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved March 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reclaiming+American+Virtue%3A+The+Human+Rights+Revolution+of+the+1970s&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-674-72603-1&rft.aulast=Keys&rft.aufirst=Barbara+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBZHzAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKucharsky1976" class="citation book cs1">Kucharsky, David (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manfromplainsthe00kuch">The Man From Plains: The Mind and Spirit of Jimmy Carter</a>. New York: Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-064891-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-064891-6"><bdi>978-0-06-064891-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+From+Plains%3A+The+Mind+and+Spirit+of+Jimmy+Carter&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-06-064891-6&rft.aulast=Kucharsky&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanfromplainsthe00kuch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattson2010" class="citation book cs1">Mattson, Kevin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RbpdkYGh65kC">What the Heck Are You Up To, Mr. President?</a>. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60819-206-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60819-206-9"><bdi>978-1-60819-206-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved March 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+the+Heck+Are+You+Up+To%2C+Mr.+President%3F&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60819-206-9&rft.aulast=Mattson&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRbpdkYGh65kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2004" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Iwan (2004). "Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, and the New Democratic Economics". The Historical Journal. 47 (4): 1015–1039. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X0400408X">10.1017/S0018246X0400408X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-246X">0018-246X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159975563">159975563</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter%2C+Bill+Clinton%2C+and+the+New+Democratic+Economics&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1015-%3C%2Fspan%3E1039&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159975563%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0018-246X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X0400408X&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Iwan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Reichard, Gary W. "Early Returns: Assessing Jimmy Carter" Presidential Studies Quarterly 20#3 (Summer 1990) 603–620. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40574538">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513054928/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40574538">Archived</a> May 13, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRibuffo1989" class="citation book cs1">Ribuffo, Leo P. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/transformingfait0000unse/page/141">"God and Jimmy Carter"</a>. In M. L. Bradbury and James B. Gilbert (ed.). Transforming Faith: The Sacred and Secular in Modern American History. New York: Greenwood Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/transformingfait0000unse/page/141">141–159</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-25707-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-25707-0"><bdi>978-0-313-25707-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=God+and+Jimmy+Carter&rft.btitle=Transforming+Faith%3A+The+Sacred+and+Secular+in+Modern+American+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=141-159&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-313-25707-0&rft.aulast=Ribuffo&rft.aufirst=Leo+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftransformingfait0000unse%2Fpage%2F141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRibuffo1997" class="citation book cs1">Ribuffo, Leo P. (1997). "'Malaise' revisited: Jimmy Carter and the crisis of confidence". In John Patrick Diggins (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780691048291/page/164">The Liberal Persuasion: Arthur Schlesinger Jr. and the Challenge of the American Past</a>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780691048291/page/164">164–185</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-04829-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-04829-1"><bdi>978-0-691-04829-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Malaise%27+revisited%3A+Jimmy+Carter+and+the+crisis+of+confidence&rft.btitle=The+Liberal+Persuasion%3A+Arthur+Schlesinger+Jr.+and+the+Challenge+of+the+American+Past&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=164-185&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-691-04829-1&rft.aulast=Ribuffo&rft.aufirst=Leo+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780691048291%2Fpage%2F164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbaumUgrinsky1994" class="citation book cs1">Rosenbaum, Herbert D.; Ugrinsky, Alexej, eds. (1994). The Presidency and Domestic Policies of Jimmy Carter. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. pp. 83–116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28845-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28845-6"><bdi>978-0-313-28845-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidency+and+Domestic+Policies+of+Jimmy+Carter&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E83-%3C%2Fspan%3E116&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-313-28845-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchram1977" class="citation book cs1">Schram, Martin (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/runningforpresid0000schr">Running for President, 1976: The Carter Campaign</a>. New York: Stein and Day. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8128-2245-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8128-2245-8"><bdi>978-0-8128-2245-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Running+for+President%2C+1976%3A+The+Carter+Campaign&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Stein+and+Day&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-8128-2245-8&rft.aulast=Schram&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frunningforpresid0000schr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitzWalker2004" class="citation journal cs1">Schmitz, David F.; Walker, Vanessa (2004). "Jimmy Carter and the Foreign Policy of Human Rights: the Development of a Post-cold War Foreign Policy". Diplomatic History. 28 (1): 113–143. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-7709.2004.00400.x">10.1111/j.1467-7709.2004.00400.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0145-2096">0145-2096</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diplomatic+History&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+and+the+Foreign+Policy+of+Human+Rights%3A+the+Development+of+a+Post-cold+War+Foreign+Policy&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E113-%3C%2Fspan%3E143&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-7709.2004.00400.x&rft.issn=0145-2096&rft.aulast=Schmitz&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rft.au=Walker%2C+Vanessa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrong1986" class="citation journal cs1">Strong, Robert A. (Fall 1986). "Recapturing leadership: The Carter administration and the crisis of confidence". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 16 (3): 636–650.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Recapturing+leadership%3A+The+Carter+administration+and+the+crisis+of+confidence&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E636-%3C%2Fspan%3E650&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrong2000" class="citation book cs1">Strong, Robert A. (2000). Working in the World: Jimmy Carter and the Making of American Foreign Policy. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-2445-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-2445-1"><bdi>978-0-8071-2445-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Working+in+the+World%3A+Jimmy+Carter+and+the+Making+of+American+Foreign+Policy&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-2445-1&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/01/opinion/topics-thermostatic-legacy.html">"Topics; Thermostatic Legacy"</a>. The New York Times. January 1, 1981. Section 1, Page 18, Column 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009183157/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/01/opinion/topics-thermostatic-legacy.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Topics%3B+Thermostatic+Legacy&rft.pages=Section+1%2C+Page+18%2C+Column+1&rft.date=1981-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F01%2F01%2Fopinion%2Ftopics-thermostatic-legacy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogel2000" class="citation news cs1">Vogel, Steve (May 4, 2000). "Remembering Failed Iranian Mission". The Washington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Remembering+Failed+Iranian+Mission&rft.date=2000-05-04&rft.aulast=Vogel&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_H._White" title="Theodore H. White">White, Theodore H.</a> (1982). America in Search of Itself: The Making of the President, 1956–1980. New York: Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-039007-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-039007-5"><bdi>978-0-06-039007-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America+in+Search+of+Itself%3A+The+Making+of+the+President%2C+1956%E2%80%931980&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-06-039007-5&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Theodore+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Williams, Daniel K. The Election of the Evangelical: Jimmy Carter, Gerald Ford, and the Presidential Contest of 1976 (University Press of Kansas, 2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=55955">online review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210820141336/https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=55955">Archived</a> August 20, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitcover1977" class="citation book cs1">Witcover, Jules (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marathonpursuit000witc">Marathon: The Pursuit of the Presidency, 1972–1976</a>. New York: Viking Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-45461-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-45461-7"><bdi>978-0-670-45461-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marathon%3A+The+Pursuit+of+the+Presidency%2C+1972%E2%80%931976&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-670-45461-7&rft.aulast=Witcover&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarathonpursuit000witc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://millercenter.org/president/carter/life-after-the-presidency">"Jimmy Carter: Life After the Presidency"</a>. Miller Center. October 4, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180922101708/https://millercenter.org/president/carter/life-after-the-presidency">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved September 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter%3A+Life+After+the+Presidency&rft.date=2016-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fpresident%2Fcarter%2Flife-after-the-presidency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Jimmy_Carter#Books_by_Carter" title="Bibliography of Jimmy Carter">Bibliography of Jimmy Carter § Books by Carter</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalifano2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Califano_Jr." title="Joseph A. Califano Jr.">Califano, Joseph A. Jr.</a> (2007) [1981]. Governing America: An Insider's Report from the White House and the Cabinet. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-5211-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-5211-6"><bdi>978-1-4165-5211-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governing+America%3A+An+Insider%27s+Report+from+the+White+House+and+the+Cabinet&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-5211-6&rft.aulast=Califano&rft.aufirst=Joseph+A.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Carter, Jimmy (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whynotbest00cart">Why Not the Best?</a>.</li> <li>Carter, Jimmy (1982). Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Keeping-Faith-President-Jimmy-Carter/dp/0553050230/">excerpt</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160108053822/https://www.amazon.com/Keeping-Faith-President-Jimmy-Carter/dp/0553050230">Archived</a> January 8, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Carter, Jimmy (1978–1981). Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Jimmy Carter, 1977. Annual compilation of all his public documents.</li> <li>Carter, Jimmy (2001). An Hour Before Daylight: Memories of a Rural Boyhood. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Hour-Before-Daylight-Memories-Boyhood/dp/0743211995/">Excerpt</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220808060049/https://www.amazon.com/Hour-Before-Daylight-Memories-Boyhood/dp/0743211995/">Archived</a> August 8, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Carter, Jimmy (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nobelpeaceprizel0000cart">The Nobel Peace Prize Lecture: Delivered in Oslo on December 10, 2002</a>.</li> <li>Carter, Jimmy (2003). Negotiation: The Alternative To Hostility; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Negotiation-Carl-Vinson-Memorial-Lecture/dp/086554882X/">excerpt</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220830060621/https://www.amazon.com/Negotiation-Carl-Vinson-Memorial-Lecture/dp/086554882X">Archived</a> August 30, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Carter, Jimmy (2005). Our Endangered Values: America's Moral Crisis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Our-Endangered-Values-Americas-Crisis/dp/0743284577/">Excerpt</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230810185448/https://www.amazon.com/Our-Endangered-Values-Americas-Crisis/dp/0743284577">Archived</a> August 10, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Carter, Jimmy (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestinepeaceno00cart">Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid</a>.</li> <li>Carter, Jimmy (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beyondwhitehouse0000cart_c2f5">Beyond the White House: Waging Peace, Fighting Disease, Building Hope</a>.</li> <li>Carter, Jimmy (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312577193">White House Diary</a>.</li> <li>Carter, Jimmy (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fulllifereflecti0000cart_c1q5">A Full Life: Reflections at Ninety</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan1982" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, Hamilton (1982). Crisis: The Last Year of the Carter Presidency. Putnam. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-399-12738-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-399-12738-0"><bdi>978-0-399-12738-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crisis%3A+The+Last+Year+of+the+Carter+Presidency&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-399-12738-0&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Hamilton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLance1991" class="citation book cs1">Lance, Bert (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/truthofmattermyl0000lanc">The Truth of the Matter: My Life In and Out of Politics</a>. Summit. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-69027-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-69027-4"><bdi>978-0-671-69027-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Truth+of+the+Matter%3A+My+Life+In+and+Out+of+Politics&rft.pub=Summit&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-671-69027-4&rft.aulast=Lance&rft.aufirst=Bert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftruthofmattermyl0000lanc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJimmy+Carter" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Jimmy Carter at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jimmy_Carter" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Jimmy Carter">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" class="extiw" title="q:Jimmy Carter">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:James_Earl_Carter" class="extiw" title="s:Author:James Earl Carter">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23685" class="extiw" title="d:Q23685">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/">Jimmy Carter Presidential Library & Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cartercenter.org/">The Carter Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/jica/index.htm">Jimmy Carter National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/james-carter/">White House biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?2484">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0141699/">Jimmy Carter</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/Jimmy+Carter+%285%29">Jimmy Carter</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidential transition of Jimmy Carter">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Inauguration of Jimmy Carter">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1977)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1977)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1978)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1978)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1979)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1979)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1980%E2%80%931981)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1980–1981)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1980%E2%80%931981)#January_1981" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1980–1981)">January 1981</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Political positions of Jimmy Carter">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Jimmy Carter judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of executive actions by Jimmy Carter">Executive Actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12036" title="Executive Order 12036">Executive Order 12036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12086" title="Executive Order 12086">Executive Order 12086</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12148" title="Executive Order 12148">Executive Order 12148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12170" title="Executive Order 12170">Executive Order 12170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12172" title="Executive Order 12172">Executive Order 12172</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_bonds" title="Carter bonds">Carter bonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_rabbit_incident" title="Jimmy Carter rabbit incident">Rabbit incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catoctin_Mountain_Park_Run" title="Catoctin Mountain Park Run">Catoctin Mountain Park Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrijos%E2%80%93Carter_Treaties" title="Torrijos–Carter Treaties">Torrijos–Carter Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Claw" title="Operation Eagle Claw">Operation Eagle Claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Caper" title="Canadian Caper">Canadian Caper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter%27s_engagement_with_Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini">Engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_oil_crisis" title="1979 oil crisis">1979 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War">Support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Communiqu%C3%A9_on_the_Establishment_of_Diplomatic_Relations" title="Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations">Diplomatic relations with China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goldwater_v._Carter" title="Goldwater v. Carter">Goldwater v. Carter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Reform_Act_of_1978" title="Civil Service Reform Act of 1978">Civil Service Reform Act of 1978</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Executive_Service_(United_States)" title="Senior Executive Service (United States)">Senior Executive Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of international presidential trips made by Jimmy Carter">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980 Summer Olympics boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Jimmy Carter administration">Cannabis policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Reinvestment_Act" title="Community Reinvestment Act">Community Reinvestment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airline_Deregulation_Act" title="Airline Deregulation Act">Airline Deregulation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Clean Water Act of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depository_Institutions_Deregulation_and_Monetary_Control_Act" title="Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act">Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Reform_Act_of_1977" title="Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977">Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Fund_Transfer_Act" title="Electronic Fund Transfer Act">Electronic Fund Transfer Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Debt_Collection_Practices_Act" title="Fair Debt Collection Practices Act">Fair Debt Collection Practices Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Institutions_Regulatory_and_Interest_Rate_Control_Act_of_1978" title="Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978">Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Financial_Privacy_Act" title="Right to Financial Privacy Act">Right to Financial Privacy Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey%E2%80%93Hawkins_Full_Employment_Act" title="Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act">Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">Superfund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Mining_Control_and_Reclamation_Act_of_1977" title="Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977">Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_at_the_White_House" title="Solar power at the White House">Solar power at the White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident" title="Three Mile Island accident">Three Mile Island accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan">Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/100px-Carter_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/150px-Carter_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/200px-Carter_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1490" /> <a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Equivalent_of_War_speech" title="Moral Equivalent of War speech">Moral Equivalent of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_of_Stability_(speech)" title="Island of Stability (speech)">Island of Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Crisis_of_Confidence_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="A Crisis of Confidence speech">A Crisis of Confidence</a></li> <li>State of the Union Addresses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1978_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1978 State of the Union Address">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1979 State of the Union Address">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1980 State of the Union Address">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1981 State of the Union Address">1981</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Electoral history of Jimmy Carter">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Georgia gubernatorial elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1966_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Georgia gubernatorial election">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Georgia gubernatorial election">1970</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential campaigns <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1976 presidential campaign">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">1980</a></li></ul></li> <li>Democratic Party presidential primaries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1980</a></li></ul></li> <li>Democratic National Conventions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential debates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1976 United States presidential debates">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1980 United States presidential debates">1980</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter">Post-presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Center" title="Carter Center">Carter Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum" title="Jimmy Carter Library and Museum">Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_for_Humanity" title="Habitat for Humanity">Habitat for Humanity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_%26_Rosalynn_Carter_Work_Project" title="Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project">Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elders_(organization)" title="The Elders (organization)">The Elders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park" title="Jimmy Carter National Historical Park">Jimmy Carter National Historical Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_House" title="Jimmy Carter House">Jimmy Carter House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairobi_Agreement,_1999" title="Nairobi Agreement, 1999">Nairobi Agreement, 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_Appeal" title="One America Appeal">One America Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_of_Government_Commission" title="Continuity of Government Commission">Continuity of Government Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Death and state funeral of Jimmy Carter">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Bibliography of Jimmy Carter">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Everything_to_Gain:_Making_the_Most_of_the_Rest_of_Your_Life" title="Everything to Gain: Making the Most of the Rest of Your Life">Everything to Gain</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hornet%27s_Nest_(novel)" title="The Hornet's Nest (novel)">The Hornet's Nest</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Endangered_Values" title="Our Endangered Values">Our Endangered Values</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine:_Peace_Not_Apartheid" title="Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid">Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid</a> (2006) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commentary_on_Palestine:_Peace_Not_Apartheid" title="Commentary on Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid">reaction and commentary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_White_House" title="Beyond the White House">Beyond the White House</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Can_Have_Peace_in_the_Holy_Land" title="We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land">We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Diary" title="White House Diary">White House Diary</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Call_to_Action:_Women,_Religion,_Violence,_and_Power" title="A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power">A Call to Action</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Full_Life" title="A Full Life">A Full Life</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of awards and honors received by Jimmy Carter">Awards and honors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Buffalo_Award" title="Silver Buffalo Award">Silver Buffalo Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Liberty_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Liberty Medal">Philadelphia Liberty Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Medal" title="Hoover Medal">Hoover Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Award" title="Christopher Award">Christopher Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter%E2%80%93Menil_Human_Rights_Prize" title="Carter–Menil Human Rights Prize">Carter–Menil Human Rights Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album">Grammy Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_Peanut_Statue" title="Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue">Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jimmy_Carter" title="USS Jimmy Carter">USS Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park" title="Jimmy Carter National Historical Park">Jimmy Carter National Historical Park</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Statue of Jimmy Carter">Georgia State Capitol statue</a> (1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plains,_Georgia" title="Plains, Georgia">Plains, Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_G._Carter_Nursing_Center" title="Lillian G. Carter Nursing Center">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_House" title="Jimmy Carter House">Home</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Prince_(nanny)" title="Mary Prince (nanny)">Mary Prince</a> (nanny)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_UFO_incident" title="Jimmy Carter UFO incident">UFO incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_(film)" title="Jimmy Carter (film)">Jimmy Carter</a> (2002 television documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_from_Plains" title="Man from Plains">Man from Plains</a> (2007 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eradication_of_dracunculiasis" title="Eradication of dracunculiasis">Eradication of dracunculiasis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mush_from_the_Wimp" title="Mush from the Wimp">Mush from the Wimp</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Carter_(politician)" title="Jack Carter (politician)">Jack Carter</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Carter" title="Amy Carter">Amy Carter</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Carter_(politician)" title="Jason Carter (politician)">Jason Carter</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Carter_Sr." title="James Earl Carter Sr.">James Earl Carter Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gordy_Carter" title="Lillian Gordy Carter">Lillian Gordy Carter</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Carter_Spann" title="Gloria Carter Spann">Gloria Carter Spann</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Carter_Stapleton" title="Ruth Carter Stapleton">Ruth Carter Stapleton</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Carter" title="Billy Carter">Billy Carter</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dolvin" title="Emily Dolvin">Emily Dolvin</a> (aunt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Carter" title="Hugh Carter">Hugh Carter</a> (cousin)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">← Gerald Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jimmy_Carter" title="Category:Jimmy Carter">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions91" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Senate" title="Georgia State Senate">Georgia State Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New constituency </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Senate">Georgia Senate</a> from the 14th district 1963–1967 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Carter" title="Hugh Carter">Hugh Carter</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lester_Maddox" title="Lester Maddox">Lester Maddox</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Georgia" title="List of governors of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a> <a href="/wiki/1970_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Georgia gubernatorial election">1970</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Busbee" title="George Busbee">George Busbee</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">nominee</a> for President of the United States <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a>, <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lester_Maddox" title="Lester Maddox">Lester Maddox</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Georgia" title="List of governors of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a> 1971–1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Busbee" title="George Busbee">George Busbee</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> President of the United States 1977–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards and achievements </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a> United Nations</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Laureate of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> 2002 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Shirin Ebadi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hershel_W._Williams" title="Hershel W. Williams">Hershel W. Williams</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Persons who have <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_state" title="Lying in state">lain in state or honor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda" title="United States Capitol rotunda">United States Capitol rotunda</a> January 7, 2025 – January 9, 2025 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Most recent </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Jimmy_Carter99" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Jimmy_Carter99" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Jimmy Carter</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_United_States390" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Presidents of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Presidents of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_United_States390" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">Presidents of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents and presidencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="display:flex"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;flex:1;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">1789–1797</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Adams" title="Presidency of John Adams">1797–1801</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Thomas_Jefferson" title="Presidency of Thomas Jefferson">1801–1809</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Madison" title="Presidency of James Madison">1809–1817</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Monroe" title="Presidency of James Monroe">1817–1825</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Quincy_Adams" title="Presidency of John Quincy Adams">1825–1829</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">1829–1837</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">1837–1841</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison#Presidency_(1841)" title="William Henry Harrison">1841</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Tyler" title="Presidency of John Tyler">1841–1845</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">1845–1849</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor#Presidency_(1849–1850)" title="Zachary Taylor">1849–1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Millard_Fillmore" title="Presidency of Millard Fillmore">1850–1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">1853–1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">1857–1861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidency of Abraham Lincoln">1861–1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">1865–1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant">1869–1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes">1877–1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield#Presidency_(1881)" title="James A. Garfield">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Chester_A._Arthur" title="Presidency of Chester A. Arthur">1881–1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland#First_presidency_(1885–1889)" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">1885–1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Benjamin_Harrison" title="Presidency of Benjamin Harrison">1889–1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland#Second_presidency_(1893–1897)" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">1893–1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_William_McKinley" title="Presidency of William McKinley">1897–1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt">1901–1909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_William_Howard_Taft" title="Presidency of William Howard Taft">1909–1913</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">1913–1921</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Warren_G._Harding" title="Presidency of Warren G. Harding">1921–1923</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Calvin_Coolidge" title="Presidency of Calvin Coolidge">1923–1929</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Herbert_Hoover" title="Presidency of Herbert Hoover">1929–1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt">1933–1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">1945–1953</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1953–1961</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">1961–1963</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">1963–1969</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">1969–1974</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford" title="Presidency of Gerald Ford">1974–1977</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">1977–1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">1981–1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">1989–1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">1993–2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">2001–2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">2009–2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">2017–2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">2021–2025</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">2025–present</a>)</li></ol> </div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidency timelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_Washington_presidency" title="Timeline of the George Washington presidency">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_Adams_presidency" title="Timeline of the John Adams presidency">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_William_McKinley_presidency" title="Timeline of the William McKinley presidency">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Theodore_Roosevelt_presidency" title="Timeline of the Theodore Roosevelt presidency">T. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_William_Howard_Taft_presidency" title="Timeline of the William Howard Taft presidency">Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Woodrow_Wilson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Woodrow Wilson presidency">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Warren_G._Harding_presidency" title="Timeline of the Warren G. Harding presidency">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Calvin_Coolidge_presidency" title="Timeline of the Calvin Coolidge presidency">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Herbert_Hoover_presidency" title="Timeline of the Herbert Hoover presidency">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency" title="Timeline of the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency">F. D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Harry_S._Truman_presidency" title="Timeline of the Harry S. Truman presidency">Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency" title="Timeline of the Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_presidency" title="Timeline of the John F. Kennedy presidency">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Lyndon B. Johnson presidency">L. B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Richard_Nixon_presidency" title="Timeline of the Richard Nixon presidency">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gerald_Ford_presidency" title="Timeline of the Gerald Ford presidency">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_presidency" title="Timeline of the Ronald Reagan presidency">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency">G. H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">G. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Presidents of the United States">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party1299" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;;background:#3333FF; color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party1299" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Party_System" title="Third Party System">Third Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party_System" title="Fourth Party System">Fourth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Party_System" title="Fifth Party System">Fifth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Party_System" title="Sixth Party System">Sixth Party System</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">National conventions</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">presidential tickets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">presidential primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election#Democratic_Party_nomination" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828 (None)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1832 Democratic National Convention">1832 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">1835 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1840 Democratic National Convention">1840 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/None</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1844 Democratic National Convention">1844 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">1852 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions" title="1860 Democratic National Conventions">1860 (Charleston/Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Douglas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">H. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lane" title="Joseph Lane">Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">SD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1864 Democratic National Convention">1864 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">1868 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Seymour</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1872 Democratic National Convention">1872 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a>/<a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1876 Democratic National Convention">1876 (St. Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Tilden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1880 Democratic National Convention">1880 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Hancock</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Hayden_English" title="William Hayden English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1884 Democratic National Convention">1884 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1888 Democratic National Convention">1888 (St. Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1892 Democratic National Convention">1892 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1896 Democratic National Convention">1896 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sewall" title="Arthur Sewall">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1900 Democratic National Convention">1900 (Kansas City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1904 Democratic National Convention">1904 (St. Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Davis" title="Henry G. Davis">H. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1908 Democratic National Convention">1908 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916 (St. Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">1920 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">Cox</a>/<a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">J. Davis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Bryan" title="Charles W. Bryan">C. Bryan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1928 Democratic National Convention">1928 (Houston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">1952 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Kefauver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 (Atlantic City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972 (Miami Beach)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a>/(<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Eagleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Shriver</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976 (New York)</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980 (New York)</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1984 Democratic National Convention">1984 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a>/<a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Ferraro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">1988 (Atlanta)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">1992 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">1996 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">2000 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 (Boston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012 (Charlotte)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">H. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 (Milwaukee/other locations)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a> (1829–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a> (1837–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1845–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a> (1853–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">Buchanan</a> (1857–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">A. Johnson</a> (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a> (1885–1889; 1893–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> (1913–1921)</li> <li>Roosevelt (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">1933–1941</a>; <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_third_and_fourth_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, third and fourth terms">1941–1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> (1945–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">L. B. Johnson</a> (1963–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden</a> (2021–2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House leaders</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">Speakers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Caucus chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">A. Stevenson</a> (1827–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">Bell</a> (1834–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1835–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">J. W. Jones</a> (1843–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">Davis</a> (1845–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a> (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a> (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Jones_(Tennessee_politician)" title="George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)">G. W. Jones</a> (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Orr" title="James Lawrence Orr">Orr</a> (1857–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a> (1859–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1869–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Kerr" title="Michael C. Kerr">Kerr</a> (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1876–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a> (1883–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Crisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Frederick Crisp">Crisp</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">D. B. Culberson</a> (1895–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Richardson" title="James D. Richardson">Richardson</a> (1897–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_Williams" title="John Sharp Williams">Williams</a> (1903–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a> (1909–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_J._Garrett" title="Finis J. Garrett">Garrett</a> (1923–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> (1929–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a> (1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a> (1936–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1940–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a> (1971–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Gephardt</a> (1995–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> (2003–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">U.S. Senate leaders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Caucus chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stevenson" title="John W. Stevenson">J. W. Stevenson</a> (1873–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wallace" title="William A. Wallace">Wallace</a> (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a> (1881–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Beck" title="James B. Beck">Beck</a> (1885–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1890–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turpie" title="David Turpie">Turpie</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">J. K. Jones</a> (1899–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1903–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._S._Blackburn" title="J. C. S. Blackburn">Blackburn</a> (1906–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">C. A. Culberson</a> (1907–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Money" title="Hernando Money">Money</a> (1909–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a> (1913–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1917–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hitchcock" title="Gilbert Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a> (1920–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> (1923–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> (1937–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Lucas" title="Scott W. Lucas">Lucas</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_McFarland" title="Ernest McFarland">McFarland</a> (1951–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a> (1953–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (1961–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (1977–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">Mitchell</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daschle" title="Tom Daschle">Daschle</a> (1995–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a> (2005–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">DNC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Hallett" title="Benjamin F. Hallett">Hallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Milligan_McLane" title="Robert Milligan McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Allen_Smalley" title="David Allen Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Belmont" title="August Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Schell" title="Augustus Schell">Schell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Hewitt" title="Abram Hewitt">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barnum" title="William Barnum">Barnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_S._Brice" title="Calvin S. Brice">Brice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Harrity" title="William F. Harrity">Harrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Taggart" title="Thomas Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_E._Mack" title="Norman E. Mack">Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._McCombs" title="William F. McCombs">McCombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_C._McCormick" title="Vance C. McCormick">McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Stille_Cummings" title="Homer Stille Cummings">Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_White_(Ohio_politician)" title="George White (Ohio politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clem_L._Shaver" title="Clem L. Shaver">Shaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Raskob" title="John J. Raskob">Raskob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farley" title="James Farley">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Flynn" title="Edward J. Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Walker" title="Frank C. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Hannegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_McGrath" title="J. Howard McGrath">McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Boyle" title="William M. Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._McKinney" title="Frank E. McKinney">McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Mitchell_(politician)" title="Stephen A. Mitchell (politician)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butler_(lawyer)" title="Paul Butler (lawyer)">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moran_Bailey" title="John Moran Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Westwood_(politician)" title="Jean Westwood (politician)">Westwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Strauss" title="Robert S. Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Curtis" title="Kenneth M. Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coyle_White" title="John Coyle White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manatt" title="Charles Manatt">Manatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Brown" title="Ron Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilhelm" title="David Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_DeLee" title="Debra DeLee">DeLee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Dodd</a>/<a href="/wiki/Donald_Fowler" title="Donald Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Romer" title="Roy Romer">Romer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Steven_Grossman_(politician)" title="Steven Grossman (politician)">Grossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rendell" title="Ed Rendell">Rendell</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Andrew" title="Joe Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McAuliffe" title="Terry McAuliffe">McAuliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Wasserman Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Harrison" title="Jaime Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Martin" title="Ken Martin">Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="List of state parties of the Democratic Party (United States)">State and territorial parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Democratic_Party" title="Alabama Democratic Party">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Democratic_Party" title="Alaska Democratic Party">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Democratic_Party" title="Arizona Democratic Party">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Arkansas" title="Democratic Party of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Democratic_Party" title="Colorado Democratic Party">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Connecticut" title="Democratic Party of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Democratic_Party" title="Delaware Democratic Party">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Democratic_Party" title="Florida Democratic Party">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Party of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Hawaii" title="Democratic Party of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Democratic_Party" title="Idaho Democratic Party">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Illinois" title="Democratic Party of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Democratic_Party" title="Indiana Democratic Party">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_Party" title="Iowa Democratic Party">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Democratic_Party" title="Kansas Democratic Party">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Democratic_Party" title="Kentucky Democratic Party">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Democratic_Party" title="Louisiana Democratic Party">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Democratic_Party" title="Maine Democratic Party">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Democratic_Party" title="Massachusetts Democratic Party">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Democratic_Party" title="Michigan Democratic Party">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Democratic Party">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Democratic_Party" title="Missouri Democratic Party">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Democratic_Party" title="Montana Democratic Party">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Democratic_Party" title="Nebraska Democratic Party">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Democratic_Party" title="Nevada Democratic Party">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Democratic_Party" title="New Hampshire Democratic Party">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Democratic_State_Committee" title="New Jersey Democratic State Committee">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Democratic Party of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Democratic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Democratic Committee">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="North Carolina Democratic Party">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Democratic%E2%80%93Nonpartisan_League_Party" title="North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Democratic_Party" title="Ohio Democratic Party">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Democratic_Party" title="Oklahoma Democratic Party">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Oregon" title="Democratic Party of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Democratic_Party" title="Pennsylvania Democratic Party">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Democratic_Party" title="Rhode Island Democratic Party">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="South Carolina Democratic Party">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Democratic_Party" title="South Dakota Democratic Party">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Democratic_Party" title="Tennessee Democratic Party">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Democratic_Party" title="Texas Democratic Party">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Democratic_Party" title="Utah Democratic Party">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Democratic_Party" title="Vermont Democratic Party">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Virginia" title="Democratic Party of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Democratic_Party" title="Washington State Democratic Party">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Democratic_Party" title="West Virginia Democratic Party">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Democratic Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Democratic_Party" title="Wyoming Democratic Party">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Democratic_Party" title="American Samoa Democratic Party">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Democratic_State_Committee" title="District of Columbia Democratic State Committee">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Guam" title="Democratic Party of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Northern Mariana Islands)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)_organizations" title="Democratic Party (United States) organizations">Affiliated groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Senate Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee">Policy Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Steering_and_Outreach_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee">Steering and Outreach Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">House Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)">Factions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Dog_Coalition" title="Blue Dog Coalition">Blue Dog Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squad_(U.S._Congress)" title="Squad (U.S. Congress)">Squad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Democrats" title="Justice Democrats">Justice Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Coalition" title="New Democrat Coalition">New Democrat Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Solvers_Caucus" title="Problem Solvers Caucus">Problem Solvers Caucus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Fundraising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Attorneys_General_Association" title="Democratic Attorneys General Association">Democratic Attorneys General Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee">Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Governors_Association" title="Democratic Governors Association">Democratic Governors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Legislative_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee">Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Senatorial_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee">Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Democratic_Mayors" title="National Conference of Democratic Mayors">National Conference of Democratic Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Redistricting_Committee" title="National Democratic Redistricting Committee">National Democratic Redistricting Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Sectional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_Democrats_of_America" title="College Democrats of America">College Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Democratic_Women" title="National Federation of Democratic Women">National Federation of Democratic Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Democrats" title="Stonewall Democrats">Stonewall Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Young_Democrats" title="Stonewall Young Democrats">Stonewall Young Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_of_America" title="Young Democrats of America">Young Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Democrats_of_America" title="High School Democrats of America">High School Democrats of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential candidates">Presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li> <li>Chairmanship elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2005 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2021 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2025 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2025</a></li></ul></li> <li>House caucus leadership elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2006 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2018 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Democratic_Address" title="Weekly Democratic Address">Weekly Democratic Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States663" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates" title="Template:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates" title="Template talk:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States663" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States">Unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; padding-top:.3em; padding-bottom:.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles C. Pinckney</a> (<a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a>, <a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">Rufus King</a> (<a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">William H. Crawford</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>, <a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a>, <a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">Hugh Lawson White</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (<a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a> (<a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a> (<a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a> (<a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a> (<a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McClellan_1864_presidential_campaign" title="George McClellan 1864 presidential campaign">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Horatio Seymour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour_1868_presidential_campaign" title="Horatio Seymour 1868 presidential campaign">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Horace Greeley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley_1872_presidential_campaign" title="Horace Greeley 1872 presidential campaign">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Samuel J. Tilden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Tilden_1876_presidential_campaign" title="Samuel Tilden 1876 presidential campaign">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield Scott Hancock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock_1880_presidential_campaign" title="Winfield Scott Hancock 1880 presidential campaign">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a> (<a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_1888_presidential_campaign" title="Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William J. Bryan</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1896_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1896 presidential campaign">1896</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1900_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1900 presidential campaign">1900</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1908_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Alton B. Parker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker_1904_presidential_campaign" title="Alton B. Parker 1904 presidential campaign">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (<a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> (<a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">James M. Cox</a> (<a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Smith_1928_presidential_campaign" title="Al Smith 1928 presidential campaign">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Landon" title="Alf Landon">Alf Landon</a> (<a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a> (<a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a>, <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">1960</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">1964</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McGovern_1972_presidential_campaign" title="George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Gerald Ford 1976 presidential campaign">1976</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale_1984_presidential_campaign" title="Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Dole 1996 presidential campaign">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_2004_presidential_campaign" title="John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a>)</li></ol></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_presidential_candidates_by_year" title="Category:United States presidential candidates by year">All presidential candidates</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidents</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States presidential elections">Third-party candidates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States351" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#3252B4; color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_liberalism_US_footer" title="Template:Modern liberalism US footer"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modern_liberalism_US_footer" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Modern liberalism US footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modern_liberalism_US_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modern liberalism US footer"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Modern liberalism in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3252B4; color:white">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism#United_States" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">Social market economy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Left" title="American Left">American Left</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3252B4; color:white">Core principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">Social equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3252B4; color:white">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#1950s" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Richard_Nixon" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">1960s and 1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Liberals_and_civil_rights" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Civil rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical liberalism in the United States">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Liberalism_during_the_Cold_War" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Harry_S._Truman's_Fair_Deal" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Fair Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Great_Society:_1964–1968" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Great Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Liberal_coalition" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Liberal coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Liberal_Republicans" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Liberal Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Neoconservatives" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Neoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#New_Deal" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">New Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democrats_(United_States)" title="New Democrats (United States)">New Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Bill_Clinton_administration_and_the_Third_Way" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Third Way</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Under_attack_from_the_New_Left" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Progressive_Era" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States#Liberals_and_the_Vietnam_War" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Vietnam War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3252B4; color:white">Significant figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Abbott" title="Edith Abbott">Edith Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Louis Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez" title="Cesar Chavez">Cesar Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Steele_Commager" title="Henry Steele Commager">Henry Steele Commager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">William O. Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gompers" title="Samuel Gompers">Samuel Gompers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hofstadter" title="Richard Hofstadter">Richard Hofstadter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Ireland" title="Patricia Ireland">Patricia Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kazin" title="Alfred Kazin">Alfred Kazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lerner_(rabbi)" title="Michael Lerner (rabbi)">Michael Lerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Maddow" title="Rachel Maddow">Rachel Maddow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauli_Murray" title="Pauli Murray">Pauli Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">John Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reuther" title="Walter Reuther">Walter Reuther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Sontag" title="Susan Sontag">Susan Sontag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Trilling" title="Lionel Trilling">Lionel Trilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Monroe_Trotter" title="William Monroe Trotter">William Monroe Trotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_Vidal" title="Gore Vidal">Gore Vidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3252B4; color:white">Significant politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">John Conyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Cuomo" title="Mario Cuomo">Mario Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Howard Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">Barney Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Javits" title="Jacob Javits">Jacob Javits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Estes Kefauver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">Robert M. La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_H._La_Guardia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiorello H. La Guardia">Fiorello H. La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk" title="Harvey Milk">Harvey Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">Tip O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr." title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr.">Adam Clayton Powell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Tim Walz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wellstone" title="Paul Wellstone">Paul Wellstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Yarborough" title="Ralph Yarborough">Ralph Yarborough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#3252B4; color:white">Major political parties and political organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (since the 1930s)</li> <li>Progressive Party (<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)">1912</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%9334)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–34)">1924</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Republicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockefeller Republicans">Rockefeller Republicans</a> (1930s–1970s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">economic progressivism</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#3252B4; color:white"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/15px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/23px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/30px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rosalynn_Carter46" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rosalynn_Carter" title="Template:Rosalynn Carter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rosalynn_Carter" title="Template talk:Rosalynn Carter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rosalynn_Carter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rosalynn Carter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rosalynn_Carter46" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Center" title="Carter Center">Carter Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_%26_Rosalynn_Carter_Work_Project" title="Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project">Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship_Force_International" title="Friendship Force International">Friendship Force International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccinate_Your_Family" title="Vaccinate Your Family">Vaccinate Your Family</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_Carter,_official_color_photo,_1977-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rose_Carter%2C_official_color_photo%2C_1977-cropped.jpg/70px-Rose_Carter%2C_official_color_photo%2C_1977-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rose_Carter%2C_official_color_photo%2C_1977-cropped.jpg/105px-Rose_Carter%2C_official_color_photo%2C_1977-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rose_Carter%2C_official_color_photo%2C_1977-cropped.jpg/140px-Rose_Carter%2C_official_color_photo%2C_1977-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1395" data-file-height="1946" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_from_Plains" title="First Lady from Plains">First Lady from Plains</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_to_Gain:_Making_the_Most_of_the_Rest_of_Your_Life" title="Everything to Gain: Making the Most of the Rest of Your Life">Everything to Gain: Making the Most of the Rest of Your Life</a> (1987)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a> (husband)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Carter" title="Amy Carter">Amy Carter</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Carter_(politician)" title="Jack Carter (politician)">Jack Carter</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Carter_(politician)" title="Jason Carter (politician)">Jason Carter</a> (grandson)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_House" title="Jimmy Carter House">Jimmy Carter House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Prince_(nanny)" title="Mary Prince (nanny)">Mary Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_vs._Muhammad_Ali" title="Superman vs. Muhammad Ali">Superman vs. Muhammad Ali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Georgia207" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Georgia" title="Template:Governors of Georgia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Georgia" title="Template talk:Governors of Georgia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Georgia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Georgia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Georgia207" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Georgia" title="List of governors of Georgia">Governors of Georgia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>1777–present</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Bulloch" title="Archibald Bulloch">Bulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Button_Gwinnett" title="Button Gwinnett">Gwinnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Treutlen" title="John A. Treutlen">Treutlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Houstoun" title="John Houstoun">Houstoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Glascock" title="William Glascock">Glascock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_John_Cuthbert" title="Seth John Cuthbert">Cuthbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wereat" title="John Wereat">Wereat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howly" title="Richard Howly">Howly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wells_(Georgia_politician)" title="George Wells (Georgia politician)">George Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Wells" title="Humphrey Wells">Humphrey Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Heard" title="Stephen Heard">Heard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrick_Davies" title="Myrick Davies">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Brownson" title="Nathan Brownson">Brownson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Martin_(Governor_of_Georgia)" title="John Martin (Governor of Georgia)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Hall" title="Lyman Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Houstoun" title="John Houstoun">Houstoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Elbert" title="Samuel Elbert">Elbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Telfair" title="Edward Telfair">Telfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mathews_(soldier)" title="George Mathews (soldier)">Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Handley_(politician)" title="George Handley (politician)">Handley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Telfair" title="Edward Telfair">Telfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mathews_(soldier)" title="George Mathews (soldier)">Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Irwin" title="Jared Irwin">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jackson_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Jackson (Georgia politician)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Emanuel_(Governor_of_Georgia)" title="David Emanuel (Governor of Georgia)">Emanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Tattnall_(politician)" title="Josiah Tattnall (politician)">Tattnall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milledge" title="John Milledge">Milledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Irwin" title="Jared Irwin">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brydie_Mitchell" title="David Brydie Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Early" title="Peter Early">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brydie_Mitchell" title="David Brydie Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rabun" title="William Rabun">Rabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Talbot" title="Matthew Talbot">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clark_(Georgia_governor)" title="John Clark (Georgia governor)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rockingham_Gilmer" class="mw-redirect" title="George Rockingham Gilmer">Gilmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Lumpkin" title="Wilson Lumpkin">Lumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Schley" title="William Schley">Schley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rockingham_Gilmer" class="mw-redirect" title="George Rockingham Gilmer">Gilmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_McDonald" title="Charles James McDonald">McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Crawford" title="George W. Crawford">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Towns" title="George W. Towns">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">H. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Brown" title="Joseph E. Brown">J. E. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Johnson_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Johnson (Georgia politician)">J. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Jenkins" title="Charles J. Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Ruger" title="Thomas H. Ruger">Ruger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Bullock" title="Rufus Bullock">Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Conley" title="Benjamin F. Conley">Conley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Milton_Smith" title="James Milton Smith">J. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_H._Colquitt" title="Alfred H. Colquitt">Colquitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Stephens" title="Alexander H. Stephens">Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Boynton" title="James S. Boynton">Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dickerson_McDaniel" title="Henry Dickerson McDaniel">McDaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Gordon" title="John B. Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Northen" title="William J. Northen">Northen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Yates_Atkinson" title="William Yates Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_D._Candler" title="Allen D. Candler">Candler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Terrell" title="Joseph M. Terrell">Terrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoke_Smith" title="Hoke Smith">H. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mackey_Brown" title="Joseph Mackey Brown">J. M. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoke_Smith" title="Hoke Smith">H. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Slaton" title="John M. Slaton">Slaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mackey_Brown" title="Joseph Mackey Brown">J. M. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Slaton" title="John M. Slaton">Slaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Edwin_Harris" title="Nathaniel Edwin Harris">N. Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dorsey" title="Hugh Dorsey">Dorsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Hardwick" title="Thomas W. Hardwick">Hardwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Walker" title="Clifford Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamartine_Griffin_Hardman" title="Lamartine Griffin Hardman">Hardman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">E. Talmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurith_D._Rivers" title="Eurith D. Rivers">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">E. Talmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Arnall" title="Ellis Arnall">Arnall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge">H. Talmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_E._Thompson" title="Melvin E. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge">H. Talmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Griffin" title="Marvin Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Vandiver" title="Ernest Vandiver">Vandiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sanders" title="Carl Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_Maddox" title="Lester Maddox">Maddox</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Busbee" title="George Busbee">Busbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Frank_Harris" title="Joe Frank Harris">J. Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zell_Miller" title="Zell Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Barnes" title="Roy Barnes">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Perdue" title="Sonny Perdue">Perdue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Deal" title="Nathan Deal">Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Kemp</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/50px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/75px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/100px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="297" /></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Category:Governors of Georgia (U.S. state)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Order_of_precedence_in_the_United_States*203" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Order_of_Precedence" title="Template:US Order of Precedence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Order_of_Precedence" title="Template talk:US Order of Precedence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Order_of_Precedence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Order of Precedence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Order_of_precedence_in_the_United_States*203" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence in the United States</a>*</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">JD Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">Governor (of the state in which the event is held)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a></li> <li>Former President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></li> <li>Former President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></li> <li>Former President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li>Former President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></li> <li>Former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a></li> <li>Former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li>Former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></li> <li>Former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></li> <li>Former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambassadors_of_the_United_States" title="Ambassadors of the United States">Ambassadors of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justices</a></li> <li>Retired Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a></li> <li>Retired Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/David_Souter" title="David Souter">David Souter</a></li> <li>Retired Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a></li> <li>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">Senate President pro tempore</a> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley</a></li> <li>Members of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">Governors of the States (by order of statehood)</a></li> <li>Members of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>*not including acting officeholders, visiting dignitaries, auxiliary executive and military personnel and most diplomats</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cold_War16183" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War" title="Template:Cold War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cold_War" title="Template talk:Cold War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cold_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cold War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cold_War16183" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Northeast Asia Treaty Organization">NEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Rio Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morgenthau_Plan" title="Morgenthau Plan">Morgenthau Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap_rebellion" title="Hukbalahap rebellion">Hukbalahap rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekemvriana" title="Dekemvriana">Dekemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation Priboi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unthinkable" title="Operation Unthinkable">Operation Unthinkable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouzenko_Affair" title="Gouzenko Affair">Gouzenko Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">Operation Masterdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Beleaguer" title="Operation Beleaguer">Operation Beleaguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blacklist_Forty" title="Operation Blacklist Forty">Operation Blacklist Forty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Plan" title="Baruch Plan">Baruch Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits_crisis" title="Turkish Straits crisis">Turkish Straits crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restatement_of_Policy_on_Germany" title="Restatement of Policy on Germany">Restatement of Policy on Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1947 Polish parliamentary election">1947 Polish parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Relations_Conference" title="Asian Relations Conference">Asian Relations Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1947_crises" title="May 1947 crises">May 1947 crises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1947%E2%80%931948" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council#Incapacitation_of_the_council" title="Allied Control Council">Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathbah_uprising" title="Al-Wathbah uprising">Al-Wathbah uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Annexation of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiun_Affair" title="Madiun Affair">Madiun Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_betrayal" title="Western betrayal">Western betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1949_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="March 1949 Syrian coup d'état">March 1949 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valuable" title="Operation Valuable">Operation Valuable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_curtain" title="Bamboo curtain">Bamboo curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War (1952–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Madrid" title="Pact of Madrid">Pact of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Syrian coup d'état">1954 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov_Affair" title="Petrov Affair">Petrov Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">1954 Geneva Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">1954 Guatemalan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Tuapse" title="Capture of the Tuapse">Capture of the Tuapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Jebel Akhdar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Princess" title="Kashmir Princess">Kashmir Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">Geneva Summit (1955)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">1956 Poznań protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_October" title="Polish October">Polish October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_will_bury_you" title="We will bury you">We will bury you</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gladio" title="Operation Gladio">Operation Gladio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Crisis_of_1957" title="Syrian Crisis of 1957">Syrian Crisis of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">Iraqi 14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Cuban_Revolution" title="Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution">Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1960 Turkish coup d'état">1960 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Soviet_split" title="Albanian–Soviet split">Albanian–Soviet split</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Soviets_from_Albania" title="Expulsion of Soviets from Albania">Expulsion of Soviets from Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="First Iraqi–Kurdish War">First Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Porte%C3%B1azo" title="El Porteñazo">El Porteñazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Communist insurgency in Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Dirty_War" title="Mexican Dirty War">Mexican Dirty War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlatelolco_massacre" title="Tlatelolco massacre">Tlatelolco massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War" title="Guatemalan Civil War">Guatemalan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 Brazilian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" title="Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66">Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">Argentine Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_DMZ_Conflict" title="Korean DMZ Conflict">Korean DMZ Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-3_incident" title="12-3 incident">12-3 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_riots" title="1967 Hong Kong riots">1967 Hong Kong riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wadiah_War" title="Al-Wadiah War">Al-Wadiah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">Protests of 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)#Pueblo_incident" title="USS Pueblo (AGER-2)">USS Pueblo incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis" title="1968 Polish political crisis">1968 Polish political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Communist insurgency in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Peruvian coup d'état">1968 Peruvian coup d'état</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Peru" title="Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru">Revolutionary Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">Goulash Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">New People's Army rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcora_Exercise" title="Alcora Exercise">Alcora Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Thailand" title="Communist insurgency in Thailand">Communist insurgency in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Polish_protests" title="1970 Polish protests">1970 Polish protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koza_riot" title="Koza riot">Koza riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_diplomacy" title="Ping-pong diplomacy">Ping-pong diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">1971 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_revolution_(Egypt)" title="Corrective revolution (Egypt)">Corrective revolution (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1971 Turkish military memorandum">1971 Turkish military memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Sudanese coup d'état">1971 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Bolivian coup d'état">1971 Bolivian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Power_Agreement_on_Berlin" title="Four Power Agreement on Berlin">Four Power Agreement on Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen#Disputes_with_North_Yemen" title="South Yemen">North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yemenite_War" title="First Yemenite War">First Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972%E2%80%931975_Bangladesh_insurgency" title="1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency">1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">1973 Uruguayan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Afghan coup d'état">1973 Afghan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="Second Iraqi–Kurdish War">Second Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_August_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Siege of Dhaka (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="7 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Sipahi-Janata revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1976_protests" title="June 1976 protests">June 1976 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Somali_coup_attempt" title="1978 Somali coup attempt">1978 Somali coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Sino-Albanian split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Indochina_War" title="Third Indochina War">Third Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" title="Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation Condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">1976 Argentine coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Egyptian–Libyan War">Egyptian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Autumn" title="German Autumn">German Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_902" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 902">Korean Air Lines Flight 902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Chadian–Libyan War">Chadian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yemenite_War" title="Second Yemenite War">Second Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">Sino-Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement">New Jewel Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Herat_uprising" title="1979 Herat uprising">1979 Herat uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_to_the_River_Rhine" title="Seven Days to the River Rhine">Seven Days to the River Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_against_political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">1984 Summer Olympics boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gera_Demands" title="Gera Demands">Gera Demands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_War_of_1980%E2%80%932000" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000">Peruvian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Agreement" title="Gdańsk Agreement">Gdańsk Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_incident_(1981)" title="Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)">Gulf of Sidra incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">Martial law in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">United States invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1985)" title="Geneva Summit (1985)">1985 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somali Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk_Summit" title="Reykjavík Summit">Reykjavík Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Black_Sea_incident" title="1986 Black Sea incident">1986 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war" title="South Yemen civil war">South Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_War" title="Toyota War">Toyota War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">1987 Lieyu massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Denver" title="Operation Denver">Operation Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">1987–1989 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Black_Sea_bumping_incident" title="1988 Black Sea bumping incident">1988 Black Sea bumping incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">8888 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Solidarity" title="History of Solidarity">Solidarity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Soviet reaction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_crisis" title="Central American crisis">Central American crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_RYAN" title="Operation RYAN">Operation RYAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville_conflict" title="Bougainville conflict">Bougainville conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Polish_strikes" title="1988 Polish strikes">1988 Polish strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Fall of the inner German border">Fall of the inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romanian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Peaceful Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">Mongolian Revolution of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5540_incident" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident">Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5202" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5202">Min Ping Yu No. 5202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">1991 August Coup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">Frozen conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">China-Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian border dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">North Borneo dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Foreign policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Doctrine" title="Hallstein Doctrine">Hallstein Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_coexistence" title="Peaceful coexistence">Peaceful coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulbricht_Doctrine" title="Ulbricht Doctrine">Ulbricht Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollback" title="Rollback">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmen_Agreement" title="Kinmen Agreement">Kinmen Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">American conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">Illiberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_democracy" title="Guided democracy">Guided democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-worldism" title="Third-worldism">Third-worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy#White_separatism" title="White supremacy">White separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States" title="Neutral and Non-Aligned European States">NN States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Propaganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-communist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rud%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Rudé právo">Rudé právo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trybuna_Ludu" title="Trybuna Ludu">Trybuna Ludu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Life" title="Russian Life">Soviet Life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amerika_(magazine)" title="Amerika (magazine)">Amerika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_for_Freedom" title="Crusade for Freedom">Crusade for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paix_et_Libert%C3%A9" title="Paix et Liberté">Paix et Liberté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Technological competition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_race" title="Arms race">Arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">Nuclear arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gar_Alperovitz" title="Gar Alperovitz">Gar Alperovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Bailey" title="Thomas A. Bailey">Thomas A. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beschloss" title="Michael Beschloss">Michael Beschloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Brown_(historian)" title="Archie Brown (historian)">Archie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_H._Carroll" title="Warren H. Carroll">Warren H. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Adrian Cioroianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costello_(historian)" title="John Costello (historian)">John Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cox_(academic)" title="Michael Cox (academic)">Michael Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Cull" title="Nicholas J. Cull">Nicholas J. Cull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._English" title="Robert D. English">Robert D. English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Feis" title="Herbert Feis">Herbert Feis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugh_Ferrell" title="Robert Hugh Ferrell">Robert Hugh Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fontaine" title="André Fontaine">André Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneli_Ute_Gabanyi" title="Anneli Ute Gabanyi">Anneli Ute Gabanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis" title="John Lewis Gaddis">John Lewis Gaddis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Gardner" title="Lloyd Gardner">Lloyd Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gorodetsky" title="Gabriel Gorodetsky">Gabriel Gorodetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Halliday" title="Fred Halliday">Fred Halliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jussi_Hanhim%C3%A4ki" title="Jussi Hanhimäki">Jussi Hanhimäki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Earl_Haynes" title="John Earl Haynes">John Earl Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hearden" title="Patrick J. Hearden">Patrick J. Hearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_Jakovina" title="Tvrtko Jakovina">Tvrtko Jakovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt">Tony Judt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Klehr" title="Harvey Klehr">Harvey Klehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kolko" title="Gabriel Kolko">Gabriel Kolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_LaFeber" title="Walter LaFeber">Walter LaFeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Laqueur" title="Walter Laqueur">Walter Laqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_P._Leffler" title="Melvyn P. Leffler">Melvyn P. Leffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geir_Lundestad" title="Geir Lundestad">Geir Lundestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Mastny_(historian)" title="Vojtech Mastny (historian)">Vojtech Mastny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_F._Matlock_Jr." title="Jack F. Matlock Jr.">Jack F. Matlock Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._McCormick" title="Thomas J. McCormick">Thomas J. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Naftali" title="Timothy Naftali">Timothy Naftali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Oprea" title="Marius Oprea">Marius Oprea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Painter" title="David S. Painter">David S. Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Pickett" title="William B. Pickett">William B. Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_E._Powaski" title="Ronald E. Powaski">Ronald E. Powaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_M._Rabkin" title="Yakov M. Rabkin">Yakov M. Rabkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._E._Sarotte" title="M. E. Sarotte">M. E. Sarotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Schrecker" title="Ellen Schrecker">Ellen Schrecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_Scott-Smith" title="Giles Scott-Smith">Giles Scott-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Zhihua" title="Shen Zhihua">Shen Zhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athan_Theoharis" title="Athan Theoharis">Athan Theoharis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thorpe" title="Andrew Thorpe">Andrew Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tism%C4%83neanu" title="Vladimir Tismăneanu">Vladimir Tismăneanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vaughan" title="Patrick Vaughan">Patrick Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_von_Tunzelmann" title="Alex von Tunzelmann">Alex von Tunzelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Arne_Westad" title="Odd Arne Westad">Odd Arne Westad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleman_Williams" title="William Appleman Williams">William Appleman Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Reed_Winkler" title="Jonathan Reed Winkler">Jonathan Reed Winkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Winnacker" title="Rudolph Winnacker">Rudolph Winnacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Young" title="Ken Young">Ken Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Espionage and intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Bloc_agents_in_the_United_States" title="List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States">List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Soviet espionage in the United States">Soviet espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Russian espionage in the United States">Russian espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_espionage_in_the_Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation" title="American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation">American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_and_the_Cultural_Cold_War" title="CIA and the Cultural Cold War">CIA and the Cultural Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">United States involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_involvement_in_regime_change" title="Soviet involvement in regime change">Soviet involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)">MVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Soviet Union–United States summits">Soviet Union–United States summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinkmanship#Cold_War" title="Brinkmanship">Brinkmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Atomica" title="Pax Atomica">Pax Atomica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">Second Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War" title="Category:Cold War">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_related_to_the_Cold_War" title="List of conflicts related to the Cold War">List of conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Cold_War" title="Timeline of the Cold War">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize136" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1901 Nobel Peace Prize">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Frédéric Passy</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Élie Ducommun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Charles Gobat</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Randal_Cremer" title="Randal Cremer">Randal Cremer</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International" title="Institut de Droit International">Institut de Droit International</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Ernesto Moneta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(jurist)" title="Louis Renault (jurist)">Louis Renault</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Klas Arnoldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Fredrik Bajer</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Beernaert" title="Auguste Beernaert">A. M. F. Beernaert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant" title="Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant">Paul Estournelles de Constant</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau" title="International Peace Bureau">International Peace Bureau</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Tobias Asser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Alfred Fried</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">Henri La Fontaine</a></li> <li>1914</li> <li>1915</li> <li>1916</li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></li> <li>1918</li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Christian Lange</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a></li> <li>1923</li> <li>1924</li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles Dawes</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson" title="Ferdinand Buisson">Ferdinand Buisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde" title="Ludwig Quidde">Ludwig Quidde</a></li> <li>1928</li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Frank B. Kellogg</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Butler</a></li> <li>1932</li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell">Norman Angell</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Robert Cecil</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Nansen_International_Office_for_Refugees" title="Nansen International Office for Refugees">Nansen International Office for Refugees</a></li> <li>1939</li> <li>1940</li> <li>1941</li> <li>1942</li> <li>1943</li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Emily Balch</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mott" title="John Mott">John Mott</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Friends Service Council</a> / <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a></li> <li>1948</li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1951: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></li> <li>1955</li> <li>1956</li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Georges Pire</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker" title="Philip Noel-Baker">Philip Noel-Baker</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Luthuli" title="Albert Luthuli">Albert Luthuli</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> / <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">League of Red Cross Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1964 Nobel Peace Prize">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1965 Nobel Peace Prize">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1966 Nobel Peace Prize">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1967 Nobel Peace Prize">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1968 Nobel Peace Prize">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">René Cassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1969 Nobel Peace Prize">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1970 Nobel Peace Prize">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1971 Nobel Peace Prize">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a></li> <li>1972</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1973 Nobel Peace Prize">1973</a>: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Lê Đức Thọ">Lê Đức Thọ</a> (declined award) / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams" title="Betty Williams">Betty Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Maguire" title="Mairead Maguire">Mairead Corrigan</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Alva Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">Alfonso García Robles</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">UN Peacekeeping Forces</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Belo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines">International Campaign to Ban Landmines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">Jody Williams</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Nobel Peace Prize">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Nobel Peace Prize">2002</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Nobel Peace Prize">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Shirin Ebadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Nobel Peace Prize">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2005 Nobel Peace Prize">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Nobel Peace Prize">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2007 Nobel Peace Prize">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Nobel Peace Prize">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2010 Nobel Peace Prize">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2013 Nobel Peace Prize">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2014 Nobel Peace Prize">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2015 Nobel Peace Prize">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2016 Nobel Peace Prize">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2017 Nobel Peace Prize">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2018 Nobel Peace Prize">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Nadia Murad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2019 Nobel Peace Prize">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2020 Nobel Peace Prize">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2021 Nobel Peace Prize">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2022 Nobel Peace Prize">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_(human_rights_organization)" title="Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)">Center for Civil Liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2023 Nobel Peace Prize">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Narges Mohammadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2024 Nobel Peace Prize">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo" title="Nihon Hidankyo">Nihon Hidankyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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Fenn">John Bennett Fenn</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a> (Switzerland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2002 Nobel Prize in Literature">2002</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Imre Kertész</a> (Hungary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Masatoshi Koshiba</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a> (Italy, United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">H. Robert Horvitz</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">John E. Sulston</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a> (Israel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith" title="Vernon L. Smith">Vernon L. Smith</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1997_Nobel_Prizes" title="1997 Nobel Prizes">1997</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1998_Nobel_Prizes" title="1998 Nobel Prizes">1998</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prizes" title="1999 Nobel Prizes">1999</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_Nobel_Prizes" title="2000 Nobel Prizes">2000</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Prizes" title="2001 Nobel Prizes">2001</a></dd> <dd>2002 </dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Prizes" title="2003 Nobel Prizes">2003</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Prizes" title="2004 Nobel Prizes">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Prizes" title="2005 Nobel Prizes">2005</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Prizes" title="2006 Nobel Prizes">2006</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Prizes" title="2007 Nobel Prizes">2007</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Service39" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jefferson_Award_Winners" title="Template:Jefferson Award Winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jefferson_Award_Winners" title="Template talk:Jefferson Award Winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jefferson_Award_Winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jefferson Award Winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Service39" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Service" title="Jefferson Awards for Public Service">Jefferson Awards for Public Service</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="U.S._Senator_John_Heinz_Award_for_Outstanding_Public_Service_by_an_Elected_or_Appointed_Official96" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Outstanding Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Elliot Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_W._Rodino" title="Peter W. Rodino">Peter W. Rodino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_F._Burns" title="Arthur F. Burns">Arthur F. Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan">Alan Greenspan</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_E._Simon" title="William E. Simon">William E. Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Michael Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_A._Gibson" title="Kenneth A. Gibson">Kenneth A. Gibson</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Donald_Schaefer" title="William Donald Schaefer">William Donald Schaefer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Young" title="Coleman Young">Coleman Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Cyrus Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Christopher" title="Warren Christopher">Warren Christopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Volcker" title="Paul Volcker">Paul Volcker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Webster" title="William H. Webster">William H. Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Brennan_Jr." title="William J. Brennan Jr.">William J. Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Everett_Koop" title="C. Everett Koop">C. Everett Koop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nitze" title="Paul Nitze">Paul Nitze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Carla Hills">Carla Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Michel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Michel">Bob Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Blackmun" title="Harry Blackmun">Harry Blackmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Sam Nunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rubin" title="Robert Rubin">Robert Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Hamilton" title="Lee Hamilton">Lee Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kean" title="Thomas Kean">Thomas Kean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Daley" title="Richard M. Daley">Richard M. Daley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">David Petraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Coburn" title="Tom Coburn">Tom Coburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Patrick Leahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabby_Giffords" title="Gabby Giffords">Gabby Giffords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Duncan" title="Arne Duncan">Arne Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Deval Patrick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="S._Roger_Horchow_Award_for_Outstanding_Public_Service_by_a_Private_Citizen74" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">S. Roger Horchow Award for Outstanding Public Service by a Private Citizen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Gardner" title="John W. Gardner">John W. Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_III" title="John D. Rockefeller III">John D. Rockefeller III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Buchwald" title="Art Buchwald">Art Buchwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mellon" title="Paul Mellon">Paul Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Jarvis" title="Howard Jarvis">Howard Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Cronkite" title="Walter Cronkite">Walter Cronkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Peter_Grace" title="J. Peter Grace">J. Peter Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Iacocca" title="Lee Iacocca">Lee Iacocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Brown" title="Irving Brown">Irving Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Rouse" class="mw-redirect" title="James W. Rouse">James W. Rouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Cherne" title="Leo Cherne">Leo Cherne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Macauley" title="Robert Macauley">Robert Macauley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Burke" title="James E. Burke">James E. Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brady" title="James Brady">James Brady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Brady" title="Sarah Brady">Sarah Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Annenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter H. Annenberg">Walter H. Annenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lamb" title="Brian Lamb">Brian Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elayne_Bennett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elayne Bennett (page does not exist)">Elayne Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ted_Benna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ted Benna (page does not exist)">Ted Benna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Tartikoff" title="Lilly Tartikoff">Lilly Tartikoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Buydens" title="Anne Buydens">Anne Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vartan_Gregorian" title="Vartan Gregorian">Vartan Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sachs" title="Jeffrey Sachs">Jeffrey Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Jagen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Jagen (page does not exist)">Edward Jagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Mortenson" title="Greg Mortenson">Greg Mortenson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Hawley" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamela Hawley">Pamela Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Farmer" title="Paul Farmer">Paul Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Shore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Shore (page does not exist)">Bill Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Connick_Jr." title="Harry Connick Jr.">Harry Connick Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Branford_Marsalis" title="Branford Marsalis">Branford Marsalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Shue" title="Andrew Shue">Andrew Shue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Best_(businessman)" title="Charles Best (businessman)">Charles Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Skoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Skoll">Jeff Skoll</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Hageman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Hageman (page does not exist)">Ivan Hageman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Parker" title="Sean Parker">Sean Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamandis" title="Peter Diamandis">Peter Diamandis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Johnson" title="Sheila Johnson">Sheila Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Outstanding_Public_Service_Benefiting_the_Disadvantaged55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outstanding Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez" title="Cesar Chavez">Cesar Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Szasz" title="Thomas Szasz">Thomas Szasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Sullivan" title="Leon Sullivan">Leon Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Hesburgh" title="Theodore Hesburgh">Theodore Hesburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Rusk" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Rusk">Howard Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allard_Lowenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Allard Lowenstein">Allard Lowenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marva_Collins" title="Marva Collins">Marva Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Pepper" title="Claude Pepper">Claude Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maude_E._Callen" title="Maude E. Callen">Maude E. Callen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Lang" title="Eugene Lang">Eugene Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginetta_Sagan" title="Ginetta Sagan">Ginetta Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Ritter" title="Bruce Ritter">Bruce Ritter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimi_Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimi Gray (page does not exist)">Kimi Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Escalante" title="Jaime Escalante">Jaime Escalante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Shriver" class="mw-redirect" title="Eunice Shriver">Eunice Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oseola_McCarty" title="Oseola McCarty">Oseola McCarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_S._Lott_Sr." title="Thaddeus S. Lott Sr.">Thaddeus S. Lott Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fuller" title="Millard Fuller">Millard Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Carson" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Carson">Benjamin Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melinda_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Melinda Gates">Melinda Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Krim" title="Mathilde Krim">Mathilde Krim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_L._Shuttlesworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred L. Shuttlesworth">Fred L. Shuttlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Pelzer" title="Dave Pelzer">Dave Pelzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._King_Jordan" title="I. King Jordan">I. King Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Canada" title="Geoffrey Canada">Geoffrey Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darell_Hammond" title="Darell Hammond">Darell Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._Milliken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William E. Milliken (page does not exist)">William E. Milliken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gibbons_(US_executive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Gibbons (US executive)">Jim Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Reinsdorf" title="Jerry Reinsdorf">Jerry Reinsdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Proudfit" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Proudfit">Richard Proudfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Jos%C3%A9_Greer" title="Pedro José Greer">Pedro José Greer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Zimmer" title="Kyle Zimmer">Kyle Zimmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Samuel_S._Beard_Award_for_Outstanding_Public_Service_by_an_Individual_35_Years_or_Under87" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Samuel S. Beard Award for Outstanding Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Yablonski" title="Joseph Yablonski">Joseph Yablonski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynard_Jackson" title="Maynard Jackson">Maynard Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Tyrrell" title="Emmett Tyrrell">Emmett Tyrrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilma_Socorro_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Vilma Socorro Martínez">Vilma S. Martinez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Cleland" title="Max Cleland">Max Cleland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Powell" title="Bernard Powell">Bernard Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Hayes" title="Denis Hayes">Denis Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics#Ice_hockey" title="United States at the 1980 Winter Olympics">1980 US Olympic Hockey Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stockman" title="David Stockman">David Stockman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cisneros" title="Henry Cisneros">Henry Cisneros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Scruggs" title="Jan Scruggs">Jan Scruggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Ferrell" title="Trevor Ferrell">Trevor Ferrell</a></li> <li>Robert Hayes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlee_Matlin" title="Marlee Matlin">Marlee Matlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Buoniconti" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc Buoniconti">Marc Buoniconti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Donahue" title="Anne Donahue">Anne Donahue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Kopp" title="Wendy Kopp">Wendy Kopp</a></li> <li>Michael Brown, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Khazei" title="Alan Khazei">Alan Khazei</a></li> <li>Mary Taylor</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayne_Meisel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayne Meisel (page does not exist)">Wayne Meisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stacey_Bess" title="Stacey Bess">Stacey Bess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jaeger" title="Andrea Jaeger">Andrea Jaeger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Danziger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Danziger (page does not exist)">Michael Danziger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shriver" title="Anthony Shriver">Anthony Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Hill" title="Faith Hill">Faith Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lance_Armstrong" title="Lance Armstrong">Lance Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chad_Pregracke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chad Pregracke (page does not exist)">Chad Pregracke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Meyer" title="Matthew Meyer">Matthew Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirsten_Lodal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirsten Lodal (page does not exist)">Kirsten Lodal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Kreiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Kreiter (page does not exist)">Brian Kreiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Shuldiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Shuldiner">Benjamin Shuldiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyton_Manning" title="Peyton Manning">Peyton Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Hyde" title="Lindsay Hyde">Lindsay Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Robbins" title="Ocean Robbins">Ocean Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Staple" class="mw-redirect" title="Jennifer Staple">Jennifer Staple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tad_Skylar_Agoglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tad Skylar Agoglia">Tad Skylar Agoglia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brittany_Bergquist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brittany Bergquist (page does not exist)">Brittany Bergquist</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robbie_Bergquist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robbie Bergquist (page does not exist)">Robbie Bergquist</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber_Lynn_Coffman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amber Lynn Coffman (page does not exist)">Amber Lynn Coffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neilesh_Patel" title="Neilesh Patel">Neilesh Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Andraka" title="Jack Andraka">Jack Andraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bush" title="Lauren Bush">Lauren Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Young_American_Soldier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Young American Soldier (page does not exist)">The Young American Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrisse_Cullors" title="Patrisse Cullors">Patrisse Cullors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Garza" title="Alicia Garza">Alicia Garza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ay%E1%BB%8D_Tometi" title="Ayọ Tometi">Ayọ Tometi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Outstanding_Public_Service_in_Professional_Sports49" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outstanding Public Service in Professional Sports</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Asomugha" title="Nnamdi Asomugha">Nnamdi Asomugha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyrus_Thomas" title="Tyrus Thomas">Tyrus Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Granderson" title="Curtis Granderson">Curtis Granderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Holden" title="Stuart Holden">Stuart Holden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Howard" title="Dwight Howard">Dwight Howard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Nowitzki" title="Dirk Nowitzki">Dirk Nowitzki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Tuck" title="Justin Tuck">Justin Tuck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Williams" title="Lauryn Williams">Lauryn Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus_Williams" title="Venus Williams">Venus Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Zimmerman" title="Ryan Zimmerman">Ryan Zimmerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Brees" title="Drew Brees">Drew Brees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamika_Catchings" title="Tamika Catchings">Tamika Catchings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Curry" title="Stephen Curry">Stephen Curry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrick_Dunn" title="Warrick Dunn">Warrick Dunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brad_Davis_(soccer)" title="Brad Davis (soccer)">Brad Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Els" title="Ernie Els">Ernie Els</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Hall_(runner)" title="Ryan Hall (runner)">Ryan Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Pierce" title="Paul Pierce">Paul Pierce</a>, <a href="/wiki/CC_Sabathia" title="CC Sabathia">CC Sabathia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Westbrook" title="Brian Westbrook">Brian Westbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Affeldt" title="Jeremy Affeldt">Jeremy Affeldt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dereck_Faulkner" title="Dereck Faulkner">Dereck Faulkner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Foudy" title="Julie Foudy">Julie Foudy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Karstens" title="Jeff Karstens">Jeff Karstens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Kelly" title="Jim Kelly">Jim Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kimball" title="Charlie Kimball">Charlie Kimball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pat_LaFontaine" title="Pat LaFontaine">Pat LaFontaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Navies" title="Hannibal Navies">Hannibal Navies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Saturday" title="Jeff Saturday">Jeff Saturday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troy_Vincent" title="Troy Vincent">Troy Vincent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marty_Lyons" title="Marty Lyons">Marty Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ein" title="Mark Ein">Mark Ein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rivera" title="Mariano Rivera">Mariano Rivera</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Thrash" title="James Thrash">James Thrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Jackson_(running_back)" title="Fred Jackson (running back)">Fred Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Decker" title="Eric Decker">Eric Decker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Torre" title="Joe Torre">Joe Torre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lifetime_Achievement_in_Public_Service38" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lifetime Achievement in Public Service</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Chambers" title="Ray Chambers">Ray Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlo_Thomas" title="Marlo Thomas">Marlo Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Hatkoff" title="Craig Hatkoff">Craig Hatkoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Rosenthal" title="Jane Rosenthal">Jane Rosenthal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Robin_Hood_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Robin Hood Foundation (page does not exist)">The Robin Hood Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Brokaw" title="Tom Brokaw">Tom Brokaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Outstanding_National_or_Global_Service_by_a_Young_American_25_Years_or_Under76" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outstanding National or Global Service by a Young American 25 Years or Under</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellie_Duke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellie Duke (page does not exist)">Ellie Duke</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Foronda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine Foronda (page does not exist)">Katherine Foronda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Gonder" title="Ted Gonder">Ted Gonder</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dallas_Jessup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dallas Jessup (page does not exist)">Dallas Jessup</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emma_Lindle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emma Lindle (page does not exist)">Emma Lindle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tristan_Love&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tristan Love (page does not exist)">Tristan Love</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Mintz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jessie Mintz (page does not exist)">Jessie Mintz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoe_Ridolfi-Starr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoe Ridolfi-Starr (page does not exist)">Zoe Ridolfi-Starr</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Togani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Togani (page does not exist)">Joe Togani</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelly_Voigt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelly Voigt (page does not exist)">Kelly Voigt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sicomac_Elementary_School_Student_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sicomac Elementary School Student Council (page does not exist)">Sicomac Elementary School Student Council</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sashin_Choksh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sashin Choksh (page does not exist)">Sashin Choksh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgan_Harley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morgan Harley (page does not exist)">Morgan Harley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Nance" title="Greg Nance">Greg Nance</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Hebert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nick Hebert (page does not exist)">Nick Hebert</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Ip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Ip (page does not exist)">Patrick Ip</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talia_Lemon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talia Lemon (page does not exist)">Talia Lemon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Nuss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarah Nuss (page does not exist)">Sarah Nuss</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mordecai_Scott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mordecai Scott (page does not exist)">Mordecai Scott</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessica_Singer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jessica Singer (page does not exist)">Jessica Singer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrone_Stevenson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyrone Stevenson (page does not exist)">Tyrone Stevenson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanessa_Strickland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanessa Strickland (page does not exist)">Vanessa Strickland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lillian_Pravda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lillian Pravda (page does not exist)">Lillian Pravda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Keller" title="Maria Keller">Maria Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corinne_Hindes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corinne Hindes (page does not exist)">Corinne Hindes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katrine_Krisebom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katrine Krisebom (page does not exist)">Katrine Krisebom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robby_Novak" title="Robby Novak">Kid President</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophia_S%C3%A1nchez-Maes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sophia Sánchez-Maes (page does not exist)">Sophia Sánchez-Maes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Hernandez" title="Laurie Hernandez">Laurie Hernandez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Outstanding_Public_Service_by_a_Corporation43" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outstanding Public Service by a Corporation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prudential_Financial" title="Prudential Financial">Prudential</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starkey_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Starkey Laboratories">Starkey Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weyerhaeuser" title="Weyerhaeuser">Weyerhaeuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warby_Parker" title="Warby Parker">Warby Parker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Jimmy_Carter_(1977–1981)119" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Carter_cabinet" title="Template:Carter cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> (1977–1981)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="15" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg/100px-JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg/150px-JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg/200px-JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="2027" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Cyrus Vance</a> (1977–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a> (1980–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._Michael_Blumenthal" title="W. Michael Blumenthal">W. Michael Blumenthal</a> (1977–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._William_Miller" title="G. William Miller">G. William Miller</a> (1979–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Brown_(Secretary_of_Defense)" title="Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense)">Harold Brown</a> (1977–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Griffin_Bell" title="Griffin Bell">Griffin Bell</a> (1977–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Civiletti" title="Benjamin Civiletti">Benjamin Civiletti</a> (1979–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Andrus" title="Cecil Andrus">Cecil Andrus</a> (1977–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bergland" title="Robert Bergland">Robert Bergland</a> (1977–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juanita_M._Kreps" title="Juanita M. Kreps">Juanita M. Kreps</a> (1977–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Klutznick" title="Philip Klutznick">Philip Klutznick</a> (1980–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Marshall" title="Ray Marshall">Ray Marshall</a> (1977–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Califano_Jr." title="Joseph A. Califano Jr.">Joseph A. Califano Jr.</a> (1977–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a> (1979–1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a> (1980–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a> (1977–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Landrieu" title="Moon Landrieu">Moon Landrieu</a> (1979–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brock_Adams" title="Brock Adams">Brock Adams</a> (1977–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Goldschmidt" title="Neil Goldschmidt">Neil Goldschmidt</a> (1979–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Schlesinger" title="James R. Schlesinger">James R. Schlesinger</a> (1977–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duncan_Jr." title="Charles Duncan Jr.">Charles Duncan Jr.</a> (1979–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Hufstedler" title="Shirley Hufstedler">Shirley Hufstedler</a> (1979–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinet-level413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet-level</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Lance" title="Bert Lance">Bert Lance</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._McIntyre" title="James T. McIntyre">James T. McIntyre</a> (1977–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Trade Representative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Strauss" title="Robert S. Strauss">Robert S. Strauss</a> (1977–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reubin_Askew" title="Reubin Askew">Reubin Askew</a> (1979–1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a> (1977–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_McHenry" title="Donald McHenry">Donald McHenry</a> (1979–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Brzezinski" title="Zbigniew Brzezinski">Zbigniew Brzezinski</a> (1977–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Schultze" title="Charles Schultze">Charles Schultze</a> (1977–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_Persons_of_the_Year103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_Persons_of_the_Year103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Time Persons of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1927–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Chrysler" title="Walter Chrysler">Walter Chrysler</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_D._Young" title="Owen D. Young">Owen D. Young</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_S._Johnson" title="Hugh S. Johnson">Hugh S. Johnson</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soong_Mei-ling" title="Soong Mei-ling">Soong Mei-ling</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">The American Fighting-Man</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammed Mosaddeq</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II </a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow_Curtice" title="Harlow Curtice">Harlow Curtice</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Freedom Fighters</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1959)</li> <li> U.S. Scientists: <a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">George Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Charles Draper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Rabi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_boomers" title="Baby boomers">The Generation Twenty-Five and Under</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1967)</li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">The Apollo 8 Astronauts</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(United_States)" title="Middle America (United States)">The Middle Americans</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sirica" title="John Sirica">John Sirica</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">King Faisal</a> (1974)</li> <li> American Women: <a href="/wiki/Susan_Brownmiller" title="Susan Brownmiller">Susan Brownmiller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Byerly" title="Kathleen Byerly">Kathleen Byerly</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alison_Cheek" title="Alison Cheek">Alison Cheek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jill_Ker_Conway" title="Jill Ker Conway">Jill Conway</a> / <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carla_Anderson_Hills" title="Carla Anderson Hills">Carla Hills</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a> / <a href="/wiki/Susie_Sharp" title="Susie Sharp">Susie Sharp</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Sutton_(journalist)" title="Carol Sutton (journalist)">Carol Sutton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Addie_L._Wyatt" title="Addie L. Wyatt">Addie Wyatt</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">The Computer</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ueberroth" title="Peter Ueberroth">Peter Ueberroth</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">The Endangered Earth</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (1992)</li> <li> The Peacemakers: <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ho" title="David Ho">David Ho</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andrew Grove</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Starr" title="Ken Starr">Ken Starr</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudolph Giuliani</a> (2001)</li> <li> The Whistleblowers: <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Cooper_(accountant)" title="Cynthia Cooper (accountant)">Cynthia Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coleen_Rowley" title="Coleen Rowley">Coleen Rowley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sherron_Watkins" title="Sherron Watkins">Sherron Watkins</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">The American Soldier</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2004)</li> <li> The Good Samaritans: <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda Gates</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_(Time_Person_of_the_Year)" title="You (Time Person of the Year)">You</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">The Protester</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> (2013)</li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" title="Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic">Ebola Fighters</a>: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. <a href="/wiki/Kent_Brantly" title="Kent Brantly">Kent Brantly</a> / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / <a href="/wiki/Salome_Karwah" title="Salome Karwah">Salome Karwah</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">The Silence Breakers</a> (2017)</li> <li> The Guardians: <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wa_Lone" title="Wa Lone">Wa Lone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kyaw_Soe_Oo" title="Kyaw Soe Oo">Kyaw Soe Oo</a> / Staff of <a href="/wiki/Capital_Gazette_shooting" title="Capital Gazette shooting">The Capital</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Spirit of Ukraine</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1972)_1976_United_States_presidential_election_(1980_→)476" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1976 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1976 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1976 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1972)_1976_United_States_presidential_election_(1980_→)476" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">← 1972</a>) <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1976 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Birch_Bayh" title="Birch Bayh">Birch Bayh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Lloyd Bentsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Robert Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Carey" title="Hugh Carey">Hugh Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Church" title="Frank Church">Frank Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Fred R. Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Henry M. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Jaworski" title="Leon Jaworski">Leon Jaworski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_McCormack" title="Ellen McCormack">Ellen McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennings_Randolph" title="Jennings Randolph">Jennings Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Sanford" title="Terry Sanford">Terry Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Shapp" title="Milton Shapp">Milton Shapp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Shapp_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Milton Shapp 1976 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_III" title="Adlai Stevenson III">Adlai Stevenson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_Udall" title="Mo Udall">Mo Udall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_National_Convention" title="1976 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Gerald Ford 1976 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/James_L._Buckley" title="James L. Buckley">James L. Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Ronald Reagan 1976 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Political positions of Ronald Reagan">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates500" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_third_party_and_independent_presidential_candidates,_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 1976">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CC66FF;"><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Anderson_(author)" title="Thomas J. Anderson (author)">Thomas J. Anderson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;"><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Lester_Maddox" title="Lester Maddox">Lester Maddox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D50000;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Gus Hall</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Tyner" title="Jarvis Tyner">Jarvis Tyner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Roger_MacBride" title="Roger MacBride">Roger MacBride</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/David_Bergland" title="David Bergland">David Bergland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1971)" title="People's Party (United States, 1971)">People's Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Wright_(American_politician)" title="Margaret Wright (American politician)">Margaret Wright</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Spock" title="Benjamin Spock">Benjamin Spock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bubar_Jr." title="Benjamin Bubar Jr.">Ben Bubar</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Camejo" title="Peter Camejo">Peter Camejo</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Willie_Mae_Reid" title="Willie Mae Reid">Willie Mae Reid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800000;"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Labor_Party" title="U.S. Labor Party">U.S. Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Other 1976 elections: <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1976 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1976 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1976 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1976)_1980_United_States_presidential_election_(1984_→)505" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1980 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1980 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1980 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1976)_1980_United_States_presidential_election_(1984_→)505" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">← 1976</a>) <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_National_Convention" title="1980 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries#Results" title="1980 Republican Party presidential primaries">results</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Ronald Reagan 1980 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Political positions of Ronald Reagan">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">John B. Anderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1980_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1980 presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">John Connally</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phil_Crane" title="Phil Crane">Phil Crane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Fernandez" title="Ben Fernandez">Ben Fernandez</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries#Results" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">results</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incumbent nominee: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Ted Kennedy 1980 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_Shall_Never_Die" title="The Dream Shall Never Die">speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Dellums" title="Ron Dellums">Ron Dellums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Candidate</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">John B. Anderson</a></dd> <dt>Running mate</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lucey" title="Patrick Lucey">Patrick Lucey</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_independent_and_third-party_candidates571" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">third-party</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_third_party_and_independent_presidential_candidates,_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 1980">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ed_Clark" title="Ed Clark">Ed Clark</a></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_Koch" title="David Koch">David Koch</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF90;"><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(United_States)" title="Citizens Party (United States)">Citizens Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barry_Commoner" title="Barry Commoner">Barry Commoner</a></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/LaDonna_Harris" title="LaDonna Harris">LaDonna Harris</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D50000;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party (United States)">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Gus Hall</a></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Smith" title="Maureen Smith">Maureen Smith</a></li> <li>VP Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cervantes_Barron" title="Elizabeth Cervantes Barron">Elizabeth Cervantes Barron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bubar_Jr." title="Benjamin Bubar Jr.">Ben Bubar</a></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_McReynolds" title="David McReynolds">David McReynolds</a></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Diane_Drufenbrock" title="Diane Drufenbrock">Diane Drufenbrock</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Pulley" title="Andrew Pulley">Andrew Pulley</a></dd> <dt>Alternate nominees</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Congress" title="Richard Congress">Richard Congress</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clifton_DeBerry" title="Clifton DeBerry">Clifton DeBerry</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deirdre_Griswold" title="Deirdre Griswold">Deirdre Griswold </a></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gavrielle_Holmes" title="Gavrielle Holmes">Gavrielle Holmes</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Spannaus" title="Warren Spannaus">Warren Spannaus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Other 1980 elections</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1980 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1980 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1980 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Elders94" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Elders" title="Template:The Elders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Elders" title="Template talk:The Elders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Elders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Elders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Elders94" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Elders_(organization)" title="The Elders (organization)">The Elders</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chair</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deputy Chairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Machel" title="Graça Machel">Graça Machel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gro_Harlem_Brundtland" title="Gro Harlem Brundtland">Gro Harlem Brundtland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbegdorj_Tsakhia" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbegdorj Tsakhia">Elbegdorj Tsakhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeid_Ra%27ad_Al_Hussein" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein">Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hina_Jilani" title="Hina Jilani">Hina Jilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Zedillo" title="Ernesto Zedillo">Ernesto Zedillo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a> (former chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ela_Bhatt" title="Ela Bhatt">Ela Bhatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakhdar_Brahimi" title="Lakhdar Brahimi">Lakhdar Brahimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso" title="Fernando Henrique Cardoso">Fernando Henrique Cardoso</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Lagos" title="Ricardo Lagos">Ricardo Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a> (former chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zhaoxing" title="Li Zhaoxing">Li Zhaoxing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Live_and_Let_Live_(Peter_Gabriel_song)" title="Live and Let Live (Peter Gabriel song)">Live and Let Live</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Refusenik_movement_and_1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah144" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Refusenik_movement_and_1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah" title="Template:Refusenik movement and 1990s post-Soviet aliyah"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Refusenik_movement_and_1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah" title="Template talk:Refusenik movement and 1990s post-Soviet aliyah"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Refusenik_movement_and_1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Refusenik movement and 1990s post-Soviet aliyah"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Refusenik_movement_and_1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah144" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Refusenik" title="Refusenik">Refusenik</a> movement and <a href="/wiki/1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah" title="1990s post-Soviet aliyah">1990s post-Soviet aliyah</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1970 – 2000)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Causes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Antisemitism in the Soviet Union">Antisemitism in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin_and_antisemitism" title="Joseph Stalin and antisemitism">Joseph Stalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_Eastern_Bloc" title="Emigration from the Eastern Bloc">Emigration from the Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial" title="Slánský trial">Slánský trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-cosmopolitan_campaign" title="Anti-cosmopolitan campaign">Anti-cosmopolitan campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethnic_divisions" title="Jewish ethnic divisions">Jewish groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Mountain Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Georgian Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dymshits%E2%80%93Kuznetsov_hijacking_affair" title="Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking affair">Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_Soviet_Union_aliyah" title="1970s Soviet Union aliyah">1970s aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%E2%80%93Vanik_amendment" title="Jackson–Vanik amendment">Jackson–Vanik amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Accords" title="Helsinki Accords">Helsinki Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Sunday_for_Soviet_Jews" title="Freedom Sunday for Soviet Jews">Freedom Sunday for Soviet Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Solomon" title="Operation Solomon">Operation Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Pro-government</a>/<a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Antisemitism in the Soviet Union">antisemitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dragunsky" title="David Dragunsky">David Dragunsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Moiseevich_Fishman" title="Yakov Moiseevich Fishman">Yakov Fishman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Shayevich" title="Adolf Shayevich">Adolf Shayevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon" title="Emomali Rahmon">Emomali Rahmon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Jewry_movement" title="Soviet Jewry movement">Jewish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Nudel" title="Ida Nudel">Ida Nudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natan_Sharansky" title="Natan Sharansky">Natan Sharansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuli_Edelstein" title="Yuli Edelstein">Yuli Edelstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Kuznetsov_(dissident)" title="Eduard Kuznetsov (dissident)">Eduard Kuznetsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iosif_Begun" title="Iosif Begun">Iosif Begun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Henry M. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Vanik" title="Charles Vanik">Charles Vanik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Mendel_Schneerson" title="Menachem Mendel Schneerson">Menachem Mendel Schneerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Meir Kahane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simcha_Dinitz" title="Simcha Dinitz">Simcha Dinitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Burg" title="Avraham Burg">Avraham Burg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehemiah_Levanon" title="Nehemiah Levanon">Nehemiah Levanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Lapidot" title="Yehuda Lapidot">Yehuda Lapidot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Soviet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Gomu%C5%82ka" title="Władysław Gomułka">Władysław Gomułka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Jewish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania"><img alt="Socialist Republic of Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soviet Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Communist Party of the Russian Federation">Communist Party of the Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionist_Committee_of_the_Soviet_Public" title="Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public">Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Helsinki_Group" title="Moscow Helsinki Group">Moscow Helsinki Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamyat" title="Pamyat">Pamyat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Defense_League" title="Jewish Defense League">Jewish Defense League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Joint_Distribution_Committee" title="American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee">American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Councils_for_Soviet_Jews" title="Union of Councils for Soviet Jews">Union of Councils for Soviet Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_Supporting_Soviet_Jewry" title="National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry">National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativ_(Liaison_Bureau)" title="Nativ (Liaison Bureau)">Nativ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Israel" title="Jewish Agency for Israel">Jewish Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Russian Jews in Israel">Russian Jews in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_BaAliyah" title="Yisrael BaAliyah">Yisrael BaAliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_9_(Israel)" title="Channel 9 (Israel)">Channel 9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_&amp;_Storytelling_Recording112" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_&amp;_Storytelling_Recording112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_%26_Storytelling_Recording" title="Grammy Award for Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording">Grammy Award for Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The Best of the Stan Freberg Shows – <a href="/wiki/Stan_Freberg" title="Stan Freberg">Stan Freberg</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Portrait" title="Lincoln Portrait">Lincoln Portrait</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>FDR Speaks – Robert Bialek (producer) (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein_Discusses_Humor_in_Music_and_Conducts_Till_Eulenspiegel%27s_Merry_Pranks" title="Leonard Bernstein Discusses Humor in Music and Conducts Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks">Humor in Music</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> (1961)</li> <li>The Story-Teller: A Session with Charles Laughton – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf%3F" title="Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?">Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (playwright) (1963)</li> <li>BBC Tribute to John F. Kennedy – <a href="/wiki/That_Was_the_Week_That_Was" title="That Was the Week That Was">That Was the Week That Was</a> (1964)</li> <li>John F. Kennedy: As We Remember Him – <a href="/wiki/Goddard_Lieberson" title="Goddard Lieberson">Goddard Lieberson</a> (producer) (1965)</li> <li>Edward R. Murrow - A Reporter Remembers, Vol. I: The War Years – <a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Murrow" title="Edward R. Murrow">Edward R. Murrow</a> (1966)</li> <li>Gallant Men – <a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Everett Dirksen</a> (1967)</li> <li>Lonesome Cities – <a href="/wiki/Rod_McKuen" title="Rod McKuen">Rod McKuen</a> (1968)</li> <li>We Love You Call Collect – <a href="/wiki/Art_Linkletter" title="Art Linkletter">Art Linkletter</a> & <a href="/wiki/Diane_Linkletter" title="Diane Linkletter">Diane Linkletter</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Why I Oppose the War in Vietnam – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderata_(Les_Crane_album)" title="Desiderata (Les Crane album)">Desiderata</a> – <a href="/wiki/Les_Crane" title="Les Crane">Les Crane</a> (1971)</li> <li>Lenny – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Botnick" title="Bruce Botnick">Bruce Botnick</a> (producer) & the Original Broadway Cast (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Livingston_Seagull" title="Jonathan Livingston Seagull">Jonathan Livingston Seagull</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris" title="Richard Harris">Richard Harris</a> (1973)</li> <li>Good Evening – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give_%27em_Hell,_Harry!" title="Give 'em Hell, Harry!">Give 'em Hell, Harry!</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Whitmore" title="James Whitmore">James Whitmore</a> (1975)</li> <li>Great American Documents – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Belle_of_Amherst" title="The Belle of Amherst">The Belle of Amherst</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1978)</li> <li>Ages of Man: Readings from Shakespeare – <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pat_Carroll" title="Pat Carroll">Pat Carroll</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donovan%27s_Brain" title="Donovan's Brain">Donovan's Brain</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark: The Movie on Record</a> – Tom Voegeli (producer) and Various Artists (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Portrait" title="Lincoln Portrait">Lincoln Portrait</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Warfield" title="William Warfield">William Warfield</a> (1983)</li> <li>The Words of Gandhi – <a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Rainey%27s_Black_Bottom" title="Ma Rainey's Black Bottom">Ma Rainey's Black Bottom</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mike_Berniker" title="Mike Berniker">Mike Berniker</a> (producer) & the Original Broadway Cast (1985)</li> <li>Interviews from the Class of '55 Recording Sessions – <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chips_Moman" title="Chips Moman">Chips Moman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Nelson" title="Ricky Nelson">Ricky Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Perkins" title="Carl Perkins">Carl Perkins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Phillips" title="Sam Phillips">Sam Phillips</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Wobegon_Days" title="Lake Wobegon Days">Lake Wobegon Days</a> – <a href="/wiki/Garrison_Keillor" title="Garrison Keillor">Garrison Keillor</a> (1987)</li> <li>Speech by Rev. Jesse Jackson – <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> (1988)</li> <li>It's Always Something – <a href="/wiki/Gilda_Radner" title="Gilda Radner">Gilda Radner</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracie:_A_Love_Story" title="Gracie: A Love Story">Gracie: A Love Story</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Burns" title="George Burns">George Burns</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Civil_War_(miniseries)" title="The Civil War (miniseries)">The Civil War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a> (1991)</li> <li>What You Can Do to Avoid AIDS – <a href="/wiki/Magic_Johnson" title="Magic Johnson">Earvin "Magic" Johnson</a> and Robert O'Keefe (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Pulse_of_Morning" title="On the Pulse of Morning">On the Pulse of Morning</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_in_the_Van" title="Get in the Van">Get in the Van</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Rollins" title="Henry Rollins">Henry Rollins</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenal_Woman:_Four_Poems_Celebrating_Women" title="Phenomenal Woman: Four Poems Celebrating Women">Phenomenal Woman</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Takes_a_Village" title="It Takes a Village">It Takes a Village</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> (1996)</li> <li>Charles Kuralt's Spring – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kuralt" title="Charles Kuralt">Charles Kuralt</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_Me" title="Still Me">Still Me</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Reeve" title="Christopher Reeve">Christopher Reeve</a> (1998)</li> <li>The Autobiography of Martin Luther King Jr. – <a href="/wiki/LeVar_Burton" title="LeVar Burton">LeVar Burton</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Measure_of_a_Man:_A_Spiritual_Autobiography" title="The Measure of a Man: A Spiritual Autobiography">The Measure of a Man: A Spiritual Autobiography</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a>, Rick Harris, and John Runnette (producers) (2000)</li> <li>Q: The Autobiography of Quincy Jones – <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a>, Jeffrey S. Thomas, Steven Strassman (engineers), and Elisa Shokoff (producer) (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Song_Flung_Up_to_Heaven" title="A Song Flung Up to Heaven">A Song Flung Up to Heaven</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a> and Charles B. Potter (producer) (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lies_and_the_Lying_Liars_Who_Tell_Them" title="Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them">Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al_Franken" title="Al Franken">Al Franken</a> and Paul Ruben (producer) (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Life_(Clinton_autobiography)" title="My Life (Clinton autobiography)">My Life</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" title="Dreams from My Father">Dreams from My Father</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Endangered_Values" title="Our Endangered Values">Our Endangered Values: America's Moral Crisis</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a> / With Ossie and Ruby – <a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and Jacob Bronstein (producer) (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Truth_(book)" title="An Inconvenient Truth (book)">An Inconvenient Truth</a> by <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beau_Bridges" title="Beau Bridges">Beau Bridges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Nixon" title="Cynthia Nixon">Cynthia Nixon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blair_Underwood" title="Blair Underwood">Blair Underwood</a> (2008)</li> <li>Always Looking Up – <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Fox" title="Michael J. Fox">Michael J. Fox</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_(The_Book)" title="Earth (The Book)">The Daily Show with Jon Stewart Presents Earth (The Audiobook)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Jon Stewart</a> (2010)</li> <li>If You Ask Me (And of Course You Won't) – <a href="/wiki/Betty_White" title="Betty White">Betty White</a> (2011)</li> <li>Society's Child – <a href="/wiki/Janis_Ian" title="Janis Ian">Janis Ian</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_Again" title="America Again">America Again: Re-becoming the Greatness We Never Weren't</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert" title="Stephen Colbert">Stephen Colbert</a> (2013)</li> <li>Diary of a Mad Diva – <a href="/wiki/Joan_Rivers" title="Joan Rivers">Joan Rivers</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Full_Life:_Reflections_at_90" class="mw-redirect" title="A Full Life: Reflections at 90">A Full Life: Reflections at 90</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a> (2015)</li> <li>In Such Good Company: Eleven Years of Laughter, Mayhem, and Fun in the Sandbox – <a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Princess_Diarist" title="The Princess Diarist">The Princess Diarist</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a> (2017)</li> <li>Faith: A Journey for All – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becoming_(book)" title="Becoming (book)">Becoming</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowout_(book)" title="Blowout (book)">Blowout: Corrupted Democracy, Rogue State Russia, and the Richest, Most Destructive Industry on Earth</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Maddow" title="Rachel Maddow">Rachel Maddow</a> (2020)</li> <li>Carry On: Reflections for a New Generation from John Lewis − <a href="/wiki/Don_Cheadle" title="Don Cheadle">Don Cheadle</a> (2021)</li> <li>Finding Me – <a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_We_Carry" title="The Light We Carry">The Light We Carry: Overcoming in Uncertain Times</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> (2023)</li> <li>Last Sunday in Plains: A Centennial Celebration – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jimmy Carter</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Mr._Smiley_Face.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mr._Smiley_Face.svg/19px-Mr._Smiley_Face.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mr._Smiley_Face.svg/29px-Mr._Smiley_Face.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mr._Smiley_Face.svg/38px-Mr._Smiley_Face.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="414" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:1970s" title="Portal:1970s">1970s</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Portal:Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia (U.S. state)</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23685#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4398" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23685#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4398" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23685#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000369603101">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/247888433">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/31823/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcGjCGTxDdFQP4r3B8pyd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118519336">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79021791">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11895360f">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11895360f">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00435428">Japan</a></li><li>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV093098">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35026279">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000700287&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX935964">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/31096">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068411669">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/14009520">Norway</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90080122">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000043560&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000074254&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199604543">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/1zcff7wk5jnrg42">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810649462605606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007259461805171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511841206706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13979315">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01394240?l=en">CiNii</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01156672?l=en">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500238210">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/74a3d3d7-1292-4f6f-8d64-7092392bbde6">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/jimmy-carter/7405">Grammy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/799898">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118519336.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/1ZdPyNufZ">Deutsche Synchronkartei</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118519336">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026769514">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10679517">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6ph2fr6">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Carter&oldid=1276011998">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Carter&oldid=1276011998</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jimmy_Carter" title="Category:Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1924_births" title="Category:1924 births">1924 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2024_deaths" title="Category:2024 deaths">2024 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_diplomats" title="Category:20th-century American diplomats">20th-century American diplomats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_farmers" title="Category:20th-century American farmers">20th-century American farmers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Baptists" title="Category:20th-century Baptists">20th-century Baptists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_members_of_the_Georgia_General_Assembly" title="Category:20th-century members of the Georgia General Assembly">20th-century members of the Georgia General Assembly</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Category:20th-century presidents of the United 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</div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-hgkmg","wgBackendResponseTime":172,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"6.704","walltime":"7.327","ppvisitednodes":{"value":59056,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":2076225,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":381209,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":64,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2139696,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 6156.420 1 -total"," 44.68% 2750.536 2 Template:Reflist"," 19.45% 1197.511 231 Template:Cite_news"," 14.39% 886.043 169 Template:Cite_web"," 9.87% 607.469 136 Template:Sfn"," 9.57% 589.422 2 Template:Navboxes"," 9.39% 577.891 104 Template:Cite_book"," 9.26% 569.905 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 8.43% 518.714 30 Template:Navbox"," 2.79% 171.915 7 Template:Annotated_link"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"4.261","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":28089048,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdam_Clymer1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlarkon2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllen2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllis,_Sam2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlter2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlvord2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnthony\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFApplebome1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArchives2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArgetsinger1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAuerbach1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBallLettenberg1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBalmer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBalmer2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarnes2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrow2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrow2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBarrowWarren2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerggrenRae2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerke2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerman2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerube,_M.R.1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiden2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBingham2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBird\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBird2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBiven,_W._Carl2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiven2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlight2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBluestein2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBluesteinGalloway2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBluesteinSuggs\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBooker2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBourne1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowden2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrinkley1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBroder1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrooke2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurdick2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurke2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurke2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurke2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurns2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBusch2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalifano2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCamia2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCannonRichey2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarlson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarter\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarter1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarter1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarter1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarter2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarter2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarter2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarter2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarter2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarterRichardson1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarter_Center2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCash1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCass2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCasser-Jayne\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChabbott2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChavez\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClymer2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColl2004\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCondon2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooperman2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrawford1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCreekmore2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCutler_Cleveland2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD._Sarna2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeSilver2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_Witt1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDelaney1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDionne1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDionne1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDits2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonicaPiccotti2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDowd2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDumbrell1995\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDunlap2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuster2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFE._RosenfeldFengAndrew2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFE._Zelizer2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEaton2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEckstein2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEgelhof1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEksterowiczHastedt1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElkins2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEpatko2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErin_Overbey2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaguy2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFantzHassan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarrell1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFelsenthal2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinkGraham1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlintPorter2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlippen2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFountain2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrank1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreedland2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreedman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreeman1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaddis1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGallagher_(he/him)2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGalster2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGass2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGates2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorgia_General_Assembly1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGershoni2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGherman2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibb2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGill_Guererro2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillon1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlad1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlass2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlasser1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGodbold2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodstein2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGregory_Krieg2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaberman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHahn1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHallerman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHambley2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamilton2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanrahan1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHargrove1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarwood2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHawkins2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHayward2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHayward2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHensch2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerring2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHershey2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHingston2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHobkirk2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoward2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHulse2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIan_Timberlake2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIfill1992\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFIvry2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobo2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFJim_Jubak2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJimmy_Carter2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJordan1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJorden1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJudd2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJudd2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKane1976\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaranth2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaufman1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaufman1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaufman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaufmanKaufman2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaufmanKaufman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKazinEdwardsRothman2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKepel2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeys2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKilgore2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKimShorrock2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKosar2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKraus1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKucharsky1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLance1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeedsManly2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeuchtenburg2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMackay1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarguet2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartel2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMattson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarthy1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCormick1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCurry2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcFadden2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcIntyre1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilnes2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohr1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorgan2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMukunda2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMusa2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNBC_News2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNash2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Park_Service2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaval_History_and_Heritage_Command1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaval_History_and_Heritage_Command2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewman2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewton2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNijnatten2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Toole1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlorunnipa2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsborne2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPanton2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_Schmitz2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetersWoolley\"] = 34,\n [\"CITEREFPetersWoolley1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhilpott2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPilkington2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPincus1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPonnuru2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPound1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPramuk2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuinn1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRattini2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReeves2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReidBroder1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReilly2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReinhold1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReinhold1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRelyeaCarr2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRibuffo1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRibuffo1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiedel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobbins2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_D._Hershey_Jr1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1971a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1971b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1971c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1972a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1972b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1972c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1973a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1973b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRome_News-Tribune1973c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenbaumUgrinsky1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSabato1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSargent2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchleifer2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmetzer1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmitzWalker2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneiderSchneider2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchram1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSetterfield2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShanker1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShelbourne2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShirley2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShoup1980\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSiders2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSidey2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkinner2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSperling1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStableford2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStacks1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStasson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStillwell2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStracqualursiSayersKlein2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrong1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrong2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrong2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuciu2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSullivan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSullivanWalsh2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Carter_Center2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomsen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThoreau2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTobin2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToohey2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTreadaway1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVejnoska2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVietor\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVogel2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFW._Kolb2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWachman1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWagner2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalsh1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatkins2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWead2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeinraub1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeintraub1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWertheimer2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitcover1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodruffGuray2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWooten1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Book2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZelizer2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZurcherGeoghegan2024\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"1976 United States presidential election\"] = 1,\n [\"1980 United States presidential election\"] = 1,\n [\"2002 Nobel Prize winners\"] = 1,\n [\"Age in years and days\"] = 1,\n [\"Annotated link\"] = 7,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Carter cabinet\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 104,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 231,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 169,\n [\"Clarification needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Cold War\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 2,\n [\"Cquote\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Carter, Jimmy\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Democratic Party (United States)\"] = 1,\n [\"Discogs artist\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 5,\n [\"Flatlist\"] = 1,\n [\"For timeline\"] = 1,\n [\"Format price\"] = 2,\n [\"Further\"] = 7,\n [\"Further information\"] = 1,\n [\"GBurl\"] = 3,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Governors of Georgia\"] = 1,\n [\"Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 3,\n [\"Inflation-year\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation/year\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"Jefferson Award Winners\"] = 1,\n [\"Jimmy Carter\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen voice\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 11,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"Modern liberalism US footer\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 2,\n [\"Nobel Peace Prize laureates\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 3,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-vandalism\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 4,\n [\"Refend\"] = 4,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refusenik movement and 1990s post-Soviet aliyah\"] = 1,\n [\"Rosalynn Carter\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ach\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 6,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 6,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-inc\"] = 1,\n [\"S-new\"] = 1,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-par\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ppo\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 7,\n [\"Sclass\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 136,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 17,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Spaces\"] = 6,\n [\"Spnd\"] = 1,\n [\"The Elders\"] = 1,\n [\"Time Persons of the Year 1976–2000\"] = 1,\n [\"US Order of Precedence\"] = 1,\n [\"US Presidents\"] = 1,\n [\"USS\"] = 4,\n [\"Unsuccessful major party pres candidates\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Web archive\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 29,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","740","16.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","580","12.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","440","9.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","400","8.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","260","5.8"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","180","4.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","140","3.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","120","2.7"],["select_one \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Utilities:429\u003E","120","2.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","100","2.2"],["[others]","1400","31.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-9vdhf","timestamp":"20250216212725","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Jimmy Carter","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Carter","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q23685","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q23685","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-16T20:14:08Z","dateModified":"2025-02-16T11:12:32Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5a\/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg","headline":"President of the United States from 1977 to 1981"}</script> </body> </html>