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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_thinkers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Other thinkers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_thinkers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anthropology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anthropology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Anthropology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anthropology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musicology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musicology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Musicology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musicology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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hreflang="fr" data-title="Altérité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alteritate" title="Alteritate – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alteritate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterit%C3%A0" title="Alterità – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alterità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alteritas" title="Alteritas – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alteritas" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Philosophical concept of "otherness"</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>, <b>alterity</b> refers to the state of being "other" or different (Latin <i>alter</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It describes the experience of encountering something or someone perceived as distinct from oneself or one's own group. The concept of alterity explores how we understand and relate to those who are seen as different, and how this "otherness" shapes identity and social relations. While rooted in academic discourse, the term is also increasingly used more broadly to describe anything outside of established norms or conventions.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alterity&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the <a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(psychology)" title="Phenomenology (psychology)">phenomenological tradition</a>, alterity is usually understood as the <a href="/wiki/Entity#In_philosophy" title="Entity">entity</a> in contrast to which an <a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">identity</a> is constructed, and it implies the ability to distinguish between <a href="/wiki/Self" title="Self">self</a> and not-self, and consequently to assume the <a href="/wiki/Existence" title="Existence">existence</a> of an alternative viewpoint. The concept was further developed by <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas" title="Emmanuel Levinas">Emmanuel Levinas</a> in a series of essays, collected in <i>Altérité et transcendance</i> (<i>Alterity and Transcendence</i>) (1995). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Castoriadis">Castoriadis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alterity&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Castoriadis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Cornelius Castoriadis</a> (<i>L'institution imaginaire de la société</i>, 1975; <i>The Imaginary Institution of Society</i>, 1997) radical alterity/otherness (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">altérité radicale</i>) denotes the element of creativity in history: "For what is given in and through history is not the determined sequence of the determined but the <a href="/wiki/Emergence" title="Emergence">emergence</a> of radical otherness, immanent creation, non-trivial novelty."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baudrillard">Baudrillard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alterity&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Baudrillard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Jean Baudrillard</a> (<i>Figures de l'alterité</i>, 1994; <i>Radical Alterity</i>, 2008), alterity is a precious and transcendent element and its loss would seriously impoverish a world culture of increasing sameness and "arrogant, insular cultural narcissism."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spivak">Spivak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alterity&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spivak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Difference_(poststructuralism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Difference (poststructuralism)">Difference (poststructuralism)</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak">Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak</a>'s theory of alterity was introduced in a 2014 symposium titled Remaking History, the intention of which was to challenge the masculine orthodoxy of history writing.<sup id="cite_ref-Spivak_2014_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spivak_2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Spivak, it is imperative for one to uncover the histories and inherent historical behaviors in order to exercise an <a href="/wiki/Individual_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual right">individual right</a> to authentic experience, identity and reality. Within the concept of socially constructed histories one "must take into account the dangerous fragility and tenacity of these concept-metaphors."<sup id="cite_ref-Spivak_2014_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spivak_2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spivak recalls her personal history: "As a postcolonial, I am concerned with the appropriation of 'alternative history' or 'histories'. I am not a historian by training. I cannot claim disciplinary expertise in remaking history in the sense of rewriting it. But I can be used as an example of how historical narratives are negotiated. The parents of my parents' grandparents' grandparents were made over, not always without their consent, by the political, fiscal and educational intervention of British imperialism, and now I am independent. Thus I am, in the strictest sense, a postcolonial."<sup id="cite_ref-Spivak_2014_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spivak_2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spivak uses four "master words" to identify the modes of being that create alterity: "Nationalism, Internationalism, Secularism and Culturalism."<sup id="cite_ref-Spivak_2014_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spivak_2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, tools for developing alternative histories include: "gender, race, ethnicity, class".<sup id="cite_ref-Spivak_2014_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spivak_2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_thinkers">Other thinkers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alterity&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other thinkers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jeffery Nealon, in <i>Alterity Politics: Ethics and Performative Subjectivity</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> argues that "ethics is constituted as an inexorable affirmative response to different identities, not through an inability to understand or totalize the other." </p><p>There is included a long article on alterity in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>'s <i>Theories of Media: Keywords Glossary</i> by Joshua Wexler.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wexler writes: "Given the various theorists' formulations presented here, the mediation of alterity or otherness in the world provides a space for thinking about the complexities of self and other and the formation of identity." </p><p>The concept of alterity is also being used in theology and in spiritual books meant for general readers. This is not out of place because, for believers in the Judeo-Christian tradition, God is the ultimate 'Other'. Alterity has also been used to describe the goal of many Christians, to become themselves deeply "other" than the usual norms of behavior and patterns of thought of the secular culture at large. <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Bianchi" title="Enzo Bianchi">Enzo Bianchi</a> in <i>Echoes of the Word</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> expresses this well, "Meditation always seeks to open us to alterity, love and communion by guiding us toward the goal of having in ourselves the same attitude and will that were in Christ Jesus." </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jadranka_Skorin-Kapov" title="Jadranka Skorin-Kapov">Jadranka Skorin-Kapov</a> in <i>The Aesthetics of Desire and Surprise: Phenomenology and Speculation</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> relates alterity or otherness to newness and surprise, "The signification of the encounter with otherness is not in its novelty (or banal newness); on the contrary, newness has signification because it reveals otherness, because it allows the experience of otherness. Newness is related to surprise, it is a consequence of the encounter... Metaphysical desire is the acceptivity of irreducible otherness. Surprise is the consequence of the encounter. Between desire and surprise there is a pause, a void, a rupture, an immediacy that cannot be captured and presented." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anthropology">Anthropology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alterity&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anthropology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>, alterity has been used by scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Dirks" title="Nicholas Dirks">Nicholas Dirks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fabian" title="Johannes Fabian">Johannes Fabian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Taussig" title="Michael Taussig">Michael Taussig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Turner_Strong" title="Pauline Turner Strong">Pauline Turner Strong</a> to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Social_constructionism" title="Social constructionism">construction</a> of "cultural others". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musicology">Musicology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alterity&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Musicology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term has gained further use in seemingly somewhat remote disciplines, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Historical_musicology" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical musicology">historical musicology</a> where it is employed by John Michael Cooper in a study of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alterity&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abjection" title="Abjection">Abjection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white_dualism" title="Black-and-white dualism">Black-and-white dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterogeneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterogeneity">Heterogeneity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterophenomenology" title="Heterophenomenology">Heterophenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indeterminacy_(philosophy)" title="Indeterminacy (philosophy)">Indeterminacy in philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrahumanisation" title="Infrahumanisation">Infrahumanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_exclusion" title="Moral exclusion">Moral exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Other_(philosophy)" title="Other (philosophy)">Other</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy">Pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personhood" title="Personhood">Personhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonialism" title="Postcolonialism">Postcolonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Racial inequality in the United States">Racial inequality in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-consciousness" title="Self-consciousness">Self-consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranger_danger" title="Stranger danger">Stranger danger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjectivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Subjectivity">Subjectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncanny" title="Uncanny">Uncanny</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alterity&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latindictionary.wikidot.com/adjective:alter">"Alter - The Latin Dictionary"</a>. <i>latindictionary.wikidot.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=latindictionary.wikidot.com&rft.atitle=Alter+-+The+Latin+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatindictionary.wikidot.com%2Fadjective%3Aalter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlterity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bachmann-Medick, Doris. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.on-culture.org/journal/issue-4/bachmann-medick-alterity/">"Alterity — A Category of Practice and Analysis"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alterity+%E2%80%94+A+Category+of+Practice+and+Analysis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.on-culture.org%2Fjournal%2Fissue-4%2Fbachmann-medick-alterity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlterity" class="Z3988"></span> On_Culture: The Open Journal for the Study of Culture 4 (2017). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBachmann-Medick" class="citation journal cs1">Bachmann-Medick, Doris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2017/13387/">"geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2017/13387"</a>. <i>Geb-Idn/13387</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geb-Idn%2F13387&rft.atitle=geb.uni-giessen.de%2Fgeb%2Fvolltexte%2F2017%2F13387&rft.aulast=Bachmann-Medick&rft.aufirst=Doris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeb.uni-giessen.de%2Fgeb%2Fvolltexte%2F2017%2F13387%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlterity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cornelius Castoriadis, <i>The Imaginary Institution of Society</i> (trans. Kathleen Blamey), MIT Press, Cambridge, 1997, p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaudrillardGuillaumeTranslated_by_Hodges2008" class="citation book cs1">Baudrillard, Jean; Guillaume, Marc; Translated by Hodges, Ames (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/radicalalterity0000baud"><i>Radical Alterity</i></a></span> (First ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781584350491" title="Special:BookSources/9781584350491"><bdi>9781584350491</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radical+Alterity&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781584350491&rft.aulast=Baudrillard&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Guillaume%2C+Marc&rft.au=Translated+by+Hodges%2C+Ames&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fradicalalterity0000baud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlterity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spivak_2014-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spivak_2014_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spivak_2014_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spivak_2014_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spivak_2014_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spivak_2014_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpivak" class="citation web cs1">Spivak, Gayatari. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://postcolonialstudies.emory.edu/gayatri-chakravorty-spivak/">"Who Claims Alterity"</a>. Emory University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+Claims+Alterity&rft.pub=Emory+University&rft.aulast=Spivak&rft.aufirst=Gayatari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpostcolonialstudies.emory.edu%2Fgayatri-chakravorty-spivak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlterity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNealon1998" class="citation book cs1">Nealon, Jeffery (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alteritypolitics01neal_2"><i>Alterity Politics: Ethics and Performative Subjectivity</i></a></span> (First ed.). Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2145-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2145-3"><bdi>978-0-8223-2145-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alterity+Politics%3A+Ethics+and+Performative+Subjectivity&rft.place=Durham%2C+North+Carolina&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-2145-3&rft.aulast=Nealon&rft.aufirst=Jeffery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falteritypolitics01neal_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlterity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWexler" class="citation web cs1">Wexler, Joshua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://csmt.uchicago.edu/glossary2004/alterity.htm">"Alterity"</a>. <i>Theories of Media: Keywords Glossary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Theories+of+Media%3A+Keywords+Glossary&rft.atitle=Alterity&rft.aulast=Wexler&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcsmt.uchicago.edu%2Fglossary2004%2Falterity.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlterity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBianchi2013" class="citation book cs1">Bianchi, Enzo (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315195747/http://www.paracletepress.com/echoes-of-the-word.html"><i>Echoes of the Word</i></a>. Orleans, Massachusetts: Paraclete Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61261-373-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61261-373-4"><bdi>978-1-61261-373-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paracletepress.com/echoes-of-the-word.html">the original</a> on 2015-03-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Echoes+of+the+Word&rft.place=Orleans%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Paraclete+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-61261-373-4&rft.aulast=Bianchi&rft.aufirst=Enzo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paracletepress.com%2Fechoes-of-the-word.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlterity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkorin-Kapov2015" class="citation book cs1">Skorin-Kapov, Jadranka (2015). <i>The Aesthetics of Desire and Surprise: Phenomenology and Speculation</i>. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-1846-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-1846-8"><bdi>978-1-4985-1846-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aesthetics+of+Desire+and+Surprise%3A+Phenomenology+and+Speculation&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4985-1846-8&rft.aulast=Skorin-Kapov&rft.aufirst=Jadranka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlterity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Michael Cooper. <i>Mendelssohn, Goethe, and the Walpurgis Night: The Heathen Muse in European Culture, 1700–1850</i>. University Rochester Press, 2007, p. 44.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alterity&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buber,_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Buber, Martin">Martin Buber</a> (1937), <i><a href="/wiki/I_and_Thou" title="I and Thou">I and Thou</a></i>.</li> <li>Chan-Fai Cheung, Tze-Wan Kwan and Kwok-ying Lau (eds.), Identity and Alterity. Phenomenology and Cultural Traditions. Verlag Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2009 (Orbis Phaenomenologicum, Perspektiven, Neue Folge Band 14) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8260-3301-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8260-3301-8">978-3-8260-3301-8</a></li> <li>Cooper, John Michael (2007) <i>Mendelssohn, Goethe, and the Walpurgis Night</i>. University of Rochester Press.</li> <li>Fabian, Johannes (1983) <i>Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object</i>. Columbia University Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas" title="Emmanuel Levinas">Levinas, Emmanuel</a> (1999[1970]) <i>Alterity and Transcendence</i>. (Trans. Michael B. Smith) Columbia University Press.</li> <li>Maranhao, Tullio (ed.), Anthropology and the Question of the Other. <i>Paideuma</i> 44 (1998).</li> <li>Nealon, Jeffrey (1998) <i>Alterity Politics: Ethics and Performative Subjectivity</i>. Duke University Press.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://puvodni.mzm.cz/Anthropologie/article.php?ID=2240">Půtová, B.: Freak Shows. Otherness of the Human Body as a Form of Public Presentation. Anthropologie: International Journal of Human Diversity and Evolution 56(2), 2018, s. 91–102</a></li> <li>Strong, Pauline Turner (1999) <i>Captive Selves, Captivating Others: The Politics and Poetics of Colonial American Captivity *Narratives.</i> Westview Press/Perseus Books.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Taussig" title="Michael Taussig">Taussig, Michael</a> (1993) <i>Mimesis and Alterity</i>. Routledge.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diccionarioguerrapazdesarme.centredelas.org/en/otherness/">Otherness - Dictionary of war</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alterity&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" 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cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> 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