Calenda - Colonizar y descolonizar: las relaciones Europa-África en los siglos XIX y XX

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="es" lang="es"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-language" content="" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="favicon.ico" /> <title>Calenda - Colonizar y descolonizar: las relaciones Europa-África en los siglos XIX y XX</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static-origin.openedition.org/openbarre_/styles/main.css?date=2018-11-06" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/screen.css" media="screen, print" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/print.css" media="print" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-ui-1.8.17.custom.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.form.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-fr.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-de.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-en.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-pt.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-es.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.sprintf.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/calenda.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/common.js"></script> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@calendaSHS" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://calenda.org/1188946" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Colonizar y descolonizar: las relaciones Europa-África en los siglo..." /> <meta property="og:description" content="Este numero de Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal pretende reflexionar sobre el colonialismo europeo en África en los siglos XIX y XX, tratando de explicar, a través del conocimiento histórico actual, e..." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://calenda.org/images/favicon_150x150.png" /> <meta name="DC.rights" content="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"></head> <body> <div id="ob-breadcrumb" class="ob-breadcrumb-calenda"> <div class="container"> <a href="search">Inicio</a><a href=""><span>Colonizar y descolonizar: las relaciones Europa-África en los siglos XIX y XX</span></a> </div> </div> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="content"> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-ui-1.8.17.custom.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.form.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-fr.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-de.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-en.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-pt.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-es.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.sprintf.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/calenda.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/common.js"></script> <h2 id="pageTitle" class="title_as_rss"><a href="search">Inicio</a><a href=""><span>Colonizar y descolonizar: las relaciones Europa-África en los siglos XIX y XX</span></a></h2> <div class="colwrapper"> <div id="icon" class="column"> <h2><a href="search?primary=ftype&ftype=40">Convocatoria de ponencias</a><span><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=228">Historia</a></span></h2> <div id="tabledates"> <h2>Fecha(s)</h2> <div class="list_dates"> <div class="unique_date highlight"> <div class="day"><a href="search.html?primary=fdate&fyear=2024&fmonth=12&fday=31">31</a></div> <div class="month"><a href="search.html?primary=fdate&fyear=2024&fmonth=12">dic</a></div> <div class="year"><a href="search.html?primary=fdate&fyear=2024">2024</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="listcategories"> <h2>Categorías</h2> <ul> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=328">África</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=243">Historia política</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=247">Movimientos políticos y sociales</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=317">Época contemporánea</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=235">Historia social</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=241">Estudios políticos</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=244">Guerras, conflictos, violencia</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="document" class="column"> <div id="main"> <div class="titles"> <h1 class="origt"><a href="1188946">Colonizar y descolonizar: las relaciones Europa-África en los siglos XIX y XX</a></h1> <h2 class="origt">Colonising and decolonising: Europe-Africa relations in the 19th and 20th centuries</h2> <h2 class="origt">Coloniser et décoloniser : les relations entre l’Europe et l’Afrique aux 19e et 20e siècles</h2> <h2 class="origt">Colonizar e descolonizar: Relações Europa-África nos séculos XIX e XX</h2> <p class="origd">«Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal» Nº 24</p> <p class="origd altertitle">“Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal” issue 24</p> <p class="origd altertitle">« Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal » Nº 24</p> <p class="origd altertitle">« Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal » Nº 24</p> </div> <div class="mapuce2">*  *  *</div> <p id="pubdate"> Publicado el jueves 19 de septiembre de 2024 </p> <div id="texte"> <div id="resume"> <p class="intitule">Resumen</p> <div class="tabMenu"><a href="#resume-1188946-en" hreflang="en">English</a> <a href="#resume-1188946-fr" hreflang="fr">Français</a> <a href="#resume-1188946-es" hreflang="es" class="active">Español</a> <a href="#resume-1188946-pt" hreflang="pt">Português</a> </div> <div id="resume-1188946-en" class="tabContent hidden" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <p style="text-align: left;">This issue of <em><a href="https://cadernosarquivo.cm-lisboa.pt/index.php/am/index" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal</a></em> aims to reflect on European colonialism in Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries, trying to explain, through current historical knowledge, the <em>colonial fact</em> —one, similar, transversal in its ideas and practices— structured in different territorial and national strands, and highlighting the deconstruction of myths, ideas and theories that have succeeded each other and metamorphosed to legitimise and justify colonial violence. It is also about giving a voice to Africans, so silenced by the colonial system, by listening to their interpretations of a reality from the near past that left significant marks on their daily lives.</p> </div> <div id="resume-1188946-fr" class="tabContent hidden" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"> <p style="text-align: left;">Ce numéro de <a href="https://cadernosarquivo.cm-lisboa.pt/index.php/am/index" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal</em></a> se propose de réfléchir sur le colonialisme européen en Afrique aux XIX<sup>e</sup> et XX<sup>e</sup> siècles, essayant d’expliquer à travers les connaissances historiques actuelles, le <em>fait colonial</em> – identique dans ses idées et pratiques dans les colonies européennes en Afrique –, structuré en différents volets territoriaux et nationaux, et en mettant en lumière la déconstruction des mythes, idées et théories qui se sont succédés et transformés pour légitimer et justifier la violence coloniale. Il s’agit également de donner la parole aux Africains, tellement réduits au silence par le système colonial, en écoutant leurs lectures d'une réalité vécue dans un passé proche, qui a laissé des traces significatives dans leur vie quotidienne.</p> </div> <div id="resume-1188946-es" class="tabContent" lang="es" xml:lang="es"> <p style="text-align: left;">Este numero de <a href="https://cadernosarquivo.cm-lisboa.pt/index.php/am/index" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal</em></a> pretende reflexionar sobre el colonialismo europeo en África en los siglos XIX y XX, tratando de explicar, a través del conocimiento histórico actual, el hecho colonial –uno, similar, transversal en sus ideas y prácticas– estructurado en diferentes vertientes territoriales y nacionales, y subrayando la deconstrucción de mitos, ideas y teorías que se sucedieron y metamorfosearon para legitimar y justificar la violencia colonial. También se trata de dar voz a los africanos, tan silenciados por el sistema colonial, escuchando sus interpretaciones de una realidad del pasado cercano que dejó importantes huellas en su vida cotidiana.</p> </div> <div id="resume-1188946-pt" class="tabContent hidden" lang="pt" xml:lang="pt"> <p style="text-align: left;">Este número dos <a href="https://cadernosarquivo.cm-lisboa.pt/index.php/am/index" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal</em></a> pretende refletir sobre o colonialismo europeu em África, nos séculos XIX e XX, procurando explicar, através do atual conhecimento histórico, o <em>facto colonial</em>  – uno, similar, transversal nas suas ideias e práticas – estruturado em diferentes vertentes territoriais e nacionais, e sublinhando a desconstrução de mitos, ideias e teorias que se foram sucedendo e metamorfoseando para legitimar e justificar as violências coloniais. Trata-se igualmente de dar voz aos Africanos, tão silenciados pelo sistema colonial, ouvindo as suas interpretações de uma realidade do passado próximo que deixou marcas significativas nos seus quotidianos.</p> </div> </div> <div id="annonce"> <p class="intitule">Anuncio</p> <div class="tabMenu"><a href="#annonce-1188946-en" hreflang="en">English</a> <a href="#annonce-1188946-fr" hreflang="fr">Français</a> <a href="#annonce-1188946-es" hreflang="es" class="active">Español</a> <a href="#annonce-1188946-pt" hreflang="pt">Português</a> </div> <div id="annonce-1188946-en" class="tabContent hidden" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <h1>Argument</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Relations between Europe and the African continent, marked since the 15th century by the commercial dimension, centred on the slave commodity - the enslaved African being bought and exported preferably to the Americas -, changed progressively in the 19th century, acquiring a new relational organisation from the end of the 19th century. The effective occupation of African territories by Europeans and the establishment of a complex system of exploitation of African men, land and wealth marked the colonial relations that were organised, leading to the loss of African autonomy and European domination. The European colonial system lasted for decades, fuelled by myths and ideological justifications, and marked by violent practices of exploitation and control of populations. It came to an end in the 1960s in a large part of the continent, thanks to the resistance of Africans and the ideas of freedom that were blowing through the Western world, but remained in the Portuguese case until 1974, after 13 years of war and destruction, which violently marked African territories and peoples until their national independence.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">This Dossier aims to reflect on European colonialism in Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries, trying to explain, through current historical knowledge, the <em>colonial fact</em> - one, similar, transversal in its ideas and practices - structured in different territorial and national strands, and highlighting the deconstruction of myths, ideas and theories that have succeeded each other and metamorphosed to legitimise and justify colonial violence. It is also about giving a voice to Africans, so silenced by the colonial system, by listening to their interpretations of a reality from the near past that left significant marks on their daily lives. The end of colonialism, marked by conflicts of different kinds, the ambiguities of decolonisation and the independence of African countries, but also Africans' current interpretation of this recent historical reality, constitute the other dimension of the historiographical journey of this collective work.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">1. The European Occupation of an Autonomous Africa: Exploration, Conquest, Domination (c. 1880-1930)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">2. The Construction of a Mythology Legitimising Colonial Violence: Ideas and Facts (c. 1880-1930)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">3. The Work of Civilisation: Religion, Instruction, Discrimination, and the Destruction of African Cultures (c. 1930-1960)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">4. Colonial Exploitation: The Reorganisation of Territories, the Creation of the ‘Indigenous’ and the Violence of Labour, Taxation and Compulsory Cultures (c. 1930-1960)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">5. The Voice of the Africans: Strategies, Resistances, Struggles (c. 1930-1974)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">6. Late Portuguese Colonialism and the Legitimisation of Development. New Theories and Myths: Luso-Tropicalism. The ‘Make-up’ of the Colonial System and the Renewed Defence of the Empire (c. 1960-1974)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">7. The Propaganda of Colonised Africa through the Image: Advertising, Cinema, Drawing, Press, Exhibitions and Literature.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">8. Decolonisation and Independence: concepts, perspectives, interpretations of the processes of organising the new African states in the 1960s.  The late end of the Portuguese colonies: 1974-1975</p> <h1>Submission guidelines</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Submission of articles and book reviews to Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal are made through the journal's e-mail: <strong>am.cadernos@cm-lisboa.pt</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">The call for articles for the thematic dossier “Colonising and decolonising: Europe-Africa relations in the 19th and 20th centuries” is open until</p> <h3>December 31, 2024.</h3> <ul> <li>Original and unpublished works are accepted, based on research supported by a strong theoretical-methodological component, within the scope of the journal and relevant to a national and international audience.</li> <li>The journal accepts submissions in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish.</li> <li>All proposals for articles should be sent to am.cadernos@cm-lisboa.pt</li> <li><em>Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal</em> does not charge any fees for the submission process, peer review, publication and availability of texts.</li> </ul> <h1>Conditions for submission</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">As part of the process, authors are required to check that the submission complies with all the items listed below. Submissions that do not comply with these standards will be returned to the authors.</p> <ul> <li>The paper is original, unpublished and the parts that come from other works are duly referenced. It is not under review or for publication in another journal. Otherwise, the author(s) should inform the journal editors.</li> <li>Authorship is subject to a grace period of four issues.</li> <li>Only one proposal per author and/or co-author will be accepted for a single issue and must be submitted using the <a href="https://cadernosarquivo.cm-lisboa.pt/index.php/am/libraryFiles/downloadPublic/13" target="_blank" rel="noopener">submission template</a>.</li> <li>The section for which the text is intended must be indicated: Thematic Dossier, Articles or Book Reviews.</li> <li>Authors' names, ORCIDs, affiliations (R&D centres, faculties and universities) and email addresses.</li> <li>Language of the text: Portuguese (according to the new spelling agreement), Spanish, French or English. Title, abstract and keywords in the language of the text, in English and in Portuguese.</li> <li>Limit of 10,000 words for articles and 2,000 for book reviews, including footnotes and bibliographical references.</li> </ul> <p style="text-align: left;">Follow the <a href="https://cadernosarquivo.cm-lisboa.pt/index.php/am/guidelines" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Publication Guidelines</a>.</p> <h1>Scientific coordination</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Isabel Castro Henriques (Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal)</p> </div> <div id="annonce-1188946-fr" class="tabContent hidden" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"> <h1>Argumentaire</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Les relations entre l'Europe et le continent africain, organisées depuis le XVe siècle par la dimension commerciale, centrée sur la marchandise esclave – l'Africain asservi étant acheté et exporté de préférence vers les Amériques – se sont progressivement modifiées au XIXe siècle, acquérant une nouvelle structure relationnelle à partir de la fin du siècle. L'occupation effective des territoires africains par les Européens et la mise en place d'un système complexe d'exploitation des hommes, des terres et des richesses africaines marquent les relations coloniales qui s'organisent, conduisant à la perte de l'autonomie africaine et à la domination européenne. Le système colonial européen a duré des décennies, nourri par des mythes et des justifications idéologiques et caractérisé par des pratiques violentes d'exploitation et de contrôle des populations. Il a pris fin dans les années 1960 dans une grande partie du continent, grâce à la résistance des Africains et aux idées de liberté qui soufflaient dans le monde occidental. Dans le cas du Portugal, la situation coloniale s’est maintenue jusqu'en 1974, après 13 années de guerre et de destruction, qui ont violemment marqué les territoires et les peuples africains jusqu'à leurs indépendances nationales. </p> <p style="text-align: left;">Ce dossier se propose de réfléchir sur le colonialisme européen en Afrique aux XIXe et XXe siècles, essayant d’expliquer à travers les connaissances historiques actuelles, le <em>fait colonial</em> - identique dans ses idées et pratiques dans les colonies européennes en Afrique -, structuré en différents volets territoriaux et nationaux, et en mettant en lumière la déconstruction des mythes, idées et théories qui se sont succédés et transformés pour légitimer et justifier la violence coloniale. Il s'agit également de donner la parole aux Africains, tellement réduits au silence par le système colonial, en écoutant leurs lectures d'une réalité vécue dans un passé proche, qui a laissé des traces significatives dans leur vie quotidienne. La fin du colonialisme, marquée par des conflits de différentes natures, les ambiguïtés de la décolonisation et de l'indépendance des pays africains, mais aussi l'interprétation actuelle par les Africains de cette réalité historique récente, constituent l'autre dimension du parcours historiographique de cet ouvrage collectif.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">1. L'occupation européenne d'une Afrique autonome : exploration, conquête, domination (c. 1880-1930)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">2. La construction d'une mythologie légitimant la violence coloniale : idées et faits (c. 1880-1930)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">3. L'&oelig;uvre de civilisation : religion, instruction, discrimination et destruction des cultures africaines (c. 1930-1960)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">4. L'exploitation coloniale : la réorganisation des territoires, la création de l’« indigène » et la violence du travail, de l'impôt et des cultures obligatoires (c. 1930-1960)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">5. La voix des Africains : stratégies, résistances, luttes (c. 1930-1974)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">6. Le colonialisme portugais tardif et la légitimation du développement. Nouvelles théories et nouveaux mythes : Le luso-tropicalisme. Le « maquillage » du système colonial et la défense renouvelée de l'empire (c. 1960-1974)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">7. La propagande de l'Afrique colonisée à travers l'image : publicité, cinéma, dessin, presse, expositions, littérature</p> <p style="text-align: left;">8. Décolonisation et indépendance : concepts, perspectives, interprétations des processus d'organisation des nouveaux États africains dans les années 1960. La fin tardive des colonies portugaises : 1974-1975</p> <h1>Modalités de contribution</h1> <p>La soumission d'articles et de critiques à <em>Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal</em> se fait  par courrier électronique à l'adresse : <strong>am.cadernos@cm-lisboa.pt</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">L'appel à contributions pour le numéro 24 des <em>Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal</em> est ouvert </p> <h3>jusqu'au 31 décembre 2024</h3> <ul> <li>Sont acceptés les travaux originaux et non publiés, basés sur une recherche soutenue par une forte composante théorique et méthodologique, dans le cadre de la revue et pertinents pour un public national et international.</li> <li>La revue accepte les soumissions en portugais, anglais, français et espagnol.</li> <li>Toutes les soumissions d'articles doivent être envoyées à l'adresse am.cadernos@cm-lisboa.pt</li> <li>Les <em>Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal</em> ne facturent aucun frais pour le processus de soumission, l'évaluation par les pairs, la publication et la mise à disposition des textes.</li> <li>Tous les articles sont soumis à un processus d'évaluation double-blind peer review.</li> </ul> <p style="text-align: left;">Consulter toutes les <a href="https://cadernosarquivo.cm-lisboa.pt/index.php/am/guidelines" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Règles de Publication</a>.</p> <h1>Conditions de soumission</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Dans le cadre du processus, les auteurs sont tenus de vérifier que la soumission est conforme à tous les éléments énumérés ci-dessous. Les soumissions qui ne respectent pas ces normes seront renvoyées aux auteurs.</p> <ul> <li>La contribution est originale, inédite et les parties qui proviennent d'autres travaux sont dûment référencées. Elle n'est pas en cours d'examen ou de publication dans une autre revue. En cas contraire, l'auteur ou les auteurs doivent en informer les éditeurs de la revue.</li> <li>Le statut d'auteur est soumis à un délai de grâce de quatre numéros.</li> <li>Pour un numéro unique, une seule proposition par auteur et/ou co-auteur sera acceptée, à soumettre en utilisant le <a href="https://cadernosarquivo.cm-lisboa.pt/index.php/am/libraryFiles/downloadPublic/13" target="_blank" rel="noopener">modèle de soumission</a>.</li> <li>La section à laquelle le texte est destiné doit être indiquée : Dossier Thématique, Articles ou Revues Critiques.</li> <li>Noms des auteurs, ORCIDs, affiliations (Centre de R&D, Faculté et Université) et adresses électroniques.</li> <li>Langue du texte : portugais (selon le nouvel accord orthographique), espagnol, français ou anglais. Titre, résumé et mots-clés dans la langue du texte, en anglais et en portugais.</li> <li>Limite de 10 000 mots pour les articles et de 2 000 mots pour les critiques, y compris les notes de bas de page et les références bibliographiques.</li> </ul> <h1>Coordination scientifique</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Isabel Castro Henriques (Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal)</p> </div> <div id="annonce-1188946-es" class="tabContent" lang="es" xml:lang="es"> <h1>Argumentos</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Las relaciones entre Europa y el continente africano, marcadas desde el siglo XV por la dimensión comercial, centrada en la mercancía esclava -el africano esclavizado comprado y exportado preferentemente a las Américas-, cambiaron progresivamente en el siglo XIX, adquiriendo una nueva organización relacional a partir de finales del mismo siglo. La ocupación efectiva de los territorios africanos por los europeos y el establecimiento de un complejo sistema de explotación de los hombres, las tierras y las riquezas africanas marcaron las relaciones coloniales que se organizaron, conduciendo a la pérdida de la autonomía africana y a la dominación europea. El sistema colonial europeo duró décadas, alimentado por mitos y justificaciones ideológicas y marcado por prácticas violentas de explotación y control de las poblaciones. Llegó a su fin en los años 1960 en gran parte del continente, gracias a la resistencia de los africanos y a las ideas de libertad que soplaban en el mundo occidental, pero se mantuvo en el caso portugués hasta 1974, tras 13 años de guerra y destrucción, que marcaron violentamente los territorios y pueblos africanos hasta su independencia nacional.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Este Dossier pretende reflexionar sobre el colonialismo europeo en África en los siglos XIX y XX, tratando de explicar, a través del conocimiento histórico actual, el hecho colonial - uno, similar, transversal en sus ideas y prácticas - estructurado en diferentes vertientes territoriales y nacionales, y subrayando la deconstrucción de mitos, ideas y teorías que se sucedieron y metamorfosearon para legitimar y justificar la violencia colonial. También se trata de dar voz a los africanos, tan silenciados por el sistema colonial, escuchando sus interpretaciones de una realidad del pasado cercano que dejó importantes huellas en su vida cotidiana. El final del colonialismo, marcado por conflictos de diversa índole, las ambigüedades de la descolonización y la independencia de los países africanos, pero también la interpretación que hacen actualmente los africanos de esta realidad histórica reciente, constituyen la otra dimensión del recorrido historiográfico de este dossier.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">1. La ocupación europea de un África autónoma: exploración, conquista, dominación (c.1880-1930)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">2. La construcción de una mitología legitimadora de la violencia colonial: ideas y hechos (c.1880-1930)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">3. La obra civilizadora: religión, instrucción, discriminación y destrucción de las culturas africanas (c. 1930-1960)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">4. La explotación colonial: la reorganización de los territorios, la creación del «indígena» y la violencia del trabajo, de lo Impuesto y de las culturas obligatorias (c.1930-1960)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">5. La voz de los africanos: estrategias, resistencias, luchas (c. 1930-1974)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">6. El colonialismo tardío portugués y la legitimación del desarrollo. Nuevas teorías y mitos: Luso-Tropicalismo. El «maquillaje» del sistema colonial y la renovada defensa del Imperio (c.1960-1974)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">7. La propaganda del África colonizada a través de la imagen: publicidad, cine, dibujo, prensa, exposiciones y literatura.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">8. Descolonización e Independencia: conceptos, perspectivas, interpretaciones de los procesos de organización de los nuevos estados africanos en la década de 1960. El final tardío de las colonias portuguesas: 1974-1975</p> <h1>Modalidades de proposiciones de ponencias</h1> <p>El envío de artículos y reseñas a los <em>Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal</em> se llevarán a cabo temporalmente a través del correo:<strong> am.cadernos@cm-lisboa.pt</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">La convocatoria de artículos para el número 24 de los <em>Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal</em> está abierta </p> <h3>hasta el 31 de deciembre de 2024.</h3> <ul> <li>Se aceptan trabajos originales e inéditos, basados en investigaciones apoyadas en un fuerte componente teórico-metodológico, dentro del ámbito de la revista y relevantes para un público nacional e internacional.</li> <li>La revista acepta trabajos en portugués, inglés, francés o español.</li> <li>Todas las propuestas de artículos deben enviarse a am.cadernos@cm-lisboa.pt</li> <li>Los <em>Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal</em> no cobran ninguna tarifa por el proceso de envío, así como en la revisión por pares, publicación y puesta a disposición de los textos.</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://cadernosarquivo.cm-lisboa.pt/index.php/am/guidelines" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Normas de publicación</a>.</p> <h1>Requisitos para el envío</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Como parte del proceso, los autores deben verificar el cumplimiento del envío con respecto a todos los elementos enumerados a continuación. Los envíos que no estén de acuerdo con estas normas serán devueltos a los autores.</p> <ul> <li>El artículo es original, inédito y las partes provenientes de otros trabajos están debidamente referenciadas. No se encuentra bajo revisión o para publicación junto a otra revista. En caso contrario, el autor o autores deberán informar a los editores de la revista.</li> <li>La autoría está sujeta a un periodo de carencia de cuatro números.</li> <li>Para cada número, sólo se aceptará una propuesta por autor y/o coautor, que deberá ser enviada según el <a href="https://cadernosarquivo.cm-lisboa.pt/index.php/am/libraryFiles/downloadPublic/13" target="_blank" rel="noopener">modelo de envío para la presentación de artículos</a>.</li> <li>Los autores deben indicar la sección a la que se dirige la propuesta: Dossier temático, Artículos o Reseñas críticas.</li> <li>Nombres de los autores, ORCIDs, marco (Centro I&D, Facultad y Universidad) y correos electrónicos.</li> <li>Idioma del texto en portugués (según el nuevo acuerdo ortográfico), español, francés o inglés. Título, resumen y palabras clave en el idioma del texto, en inglés y en portugués.</li> <li>Límite de 10000 palabras para los artículos y 2000 para reseñas, incluyendo notas de pie de página y referencias bibliográficas.</li> </ul> <h1>Coordinación científica</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Isabel Castro Henriques (Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal)</p> </div> <div id="annonce-1188946-pt" class="tabContent hidden" lang="pt" xml:lang="pt"> <h1>Apresentação</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">As relações entre a Europa e o continente africano, marcadas desde o século XV pela dimensão comercial, centrada na mercadoria escravo - o africano escravizado sendo comprado e exportado preferencialmente para as Américas -, modificaram-se progressivamente no século XIX, adquirindo uma nova organização relacional a partir de finais de Oitocentos. A ocupação efetiva dos territórios africanos pelos europeus e a instalação de um sistema complexo de exploração dos homens, das terras e das riquezas africanas marcaram as relações coloniais que se organizaram, conduzindo à perda da autonomia africana e à dominação europeia. O sistema colonial europeu vingou durante décadas, alimentado por mitos e justificações ideológicas e marcado por práticas violentas de exploração e controle das populações, vindo a terminar nos anos 1960 em grande parte do continente, graças à resistência dos africanos e às ideias de liberdade que sopravam no mundo ocidental, mas mantendo-se no caso português até 1974, após 13 anos de guerra e de destruição, que marcaram violentamente os territórios e os povos africanos até à sua independência nacional.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Este Dossier pretende refletir sobre o colonialismo europeu em África, nos séculos XIX e XX, procurando explicar, através do atual conhecimento histórico, o <em>facto colonial</em>  - uno, similar, transversal nas suas ideias e práticas – estruturado em diferentes vertentes territoriais e nacionais, e sublinhando a desconstrução de mitos, ideias e teorias que se foram sucedendo e metamorfoseando para legitimar e justificar as violências coloniais. Trata-se igualmente de dar voz aos Africanos, tão silenciados pelo sistema colonial, ouvindo as suas interpretações de uma realidade do passado próximo que deixou marcas significativas nos seus quotidianos. O fim do colonialismo, marcado por conflitos de natureza diferente, as ambiguidades da descolonização e as independências dos países africanos, mas também a leitura atual dos africanos sobre esta realidade histórica recente, constituem a outra dimensão do percurso historiográfico deste trabalho coletivo.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">1. A Ocupação europeia de uma África Autónoma: Exploração, Conquista, Dominação (c.1880-1930)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">2. A Construção de uma Mitologia Legitimadora da Violência Colonial: Ideias e Factos (c.1880-1930)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">3. A Obra Civilizadora: Religião, Instrução, Discriminação e Destruição das Culturas Africanas (c. 1930-1960)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">4. A Exploração Colonial: a Reorganização dos Territórios, a Criação do “Indígena” e a Violência do Trabalho, do Imposto e das Culturas Obrigatórias (c.1930-1960)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">5. A Voz dos Africanos: Estratégias, Resistências, Lutas (c. 1930-1974)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">6. O Colonialismo português tardio e a Legitimação do Desenvolvimento. Novas Teorias e Mitos: O Luso-Tropicalismo. A “Maquilhagem” do Sistema Colonial e a Defesa Renovada do Império (c.1960-1974)</p> <p style="text-align: left;">7. A Propaganda da África Colonizada através da Imagem: Publicidade, Cinema, Desenho, Imprensa, Exposições e Literatura.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">8. Descolonizações e Independências: conceitos, perspetivas, interpretações dos processos de organização dos novos Estados africanos nos anos 1960. O fim tardio das colónias portuguesas: 1974-1975</p> <h1>Submissão de propostas</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Está aberta a chamada para artigos para o número 24 dos <em>Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal</em></p> <h3>até 31 de dezembro de 2024</h3> <ul> <li>Aceitam-se trabalhos originais e inéditos, assentes numa investigação suportada por uma forte componente teórico-metodológica, enquadrados no âmbito da revista e com relevância para um público nacional e internacional.</li> <li>A revista aceita submissões em português, inglês, francês ou espanhol.</li> <li>Todas as propostas de artigos e de recensões críticas deverão ser remetidas para am.cadernos@cm-lisboa.pt</li> <li>Os <em>Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal</em> não cobram nenhuma taxa no processo de submissão, assim como na revisão por pares, publicação e disponibilização dos textos.</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://cadernosarquivo.cm-lisboa.pt/index.php/am/guidelines" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Normas de Publicação</a>.</p> <h1>Condições de submissão</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Como parte do processo, os autores são obrigados a verificar a conformidade da submissão em relação a todos os itens listados a seguir. As submissões que não estiverem de acordo com estas normas serão devolvidas aos autores.</p> <ul> <li>A contribuição é original, inédita e as partes provenientes de outros trabalhos estão devidamente referenciadas. Não se encontra sob revisão ou para publicação junto de outra revista. Caso contrário, o(s) autor(es) deve(m) informar os editores da revista.</li> <li>A autoria está sujeita a um período de carência de quatro números.</li> <li>Para um mesmo número, só será aceite uma proposta por autor e/ou coautor, que deverá ser enviada segundo o <a href="https://cadernosarquivo.cm-lisboa.pt/index.php/am/libraryFiles/downloadPublic/13" target="_blank" rel="noopener">modelo de submissão</a>.</li> <li>Deve ser indicada a secção a que se destina o texto: Dossier Temático, Artigos ou Recensões Críticas.</li> <li>Nomes dos autores, ORCIDs, enquadramentos (Centro I&D, Faculdade e Universidade) e endereços eletrónicos.</li> <li>Idioma do texto em português (segundo o novo acordo ortográfico), espanhol, francês ou inglês. Título, resumo e palavras-chave na língua do texto, em inglês e em português.</li> <li>Limite de 10000 palavras para artigos e 2000 para recensões, incluindo notas de rodapé e referências bibliográficas.</li> </ul> <h1>Coordenação científica</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Isabel Castro Henriques (Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal)</p> </div> </div> <div id="categories" class="cat"> <p class="intitule">Categorías</p> <ul> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=228">Historia</a> (Categoría principal)</li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=327">Espacios</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=328">África</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=200">Sociedad</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=241">Estudios políticos</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=243">Historia política</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=200">Sociedad</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=241">Estudios políticos</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=247">Movimientos políticos y sociales</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=302">Épocas</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=317">Época contemporánea</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=200">Sociedad</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=228">Historia</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=235">Historia social</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=200">Sociedad</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=241">Estudios políticos</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=200">Sociedad</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=241">Estudios políticos</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=244">Guerras, conflictos, violencia</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="lieux"> <p class="intitule">Lugares</p> <ul> <li class="location"> Lisboa, Portugal </li> </ul> </div> <div id="eventformats"><br></div> <div id="dates"> <p class="intitule">Fecha(s)</p> <ul> <li>martes 31 de diciembre de 2024</li> </ul> </div> <div id="motscles"> <p class="intitule">Palabras claves</p> <ul> <li>european colonialism, decolonisation, Africa, 19th-20th centuries</li> </ul> </div> <div id="contacts"> <p class="intitule">Contactos</p> <ul> <li>Marta Gomes<br/><em>courriel :</em> marta [dot] gomes [at] cm-lisboa [dot] pt<br/></li> </ul> </div> <div id="refurl"> <p class="intitule">URLs de referencia</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://cadernosarquivo.cm-lisboa.pt/">Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="source"> <p class="intitule">Fuente de la información</p> <ul> <li>Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal<br/><em>courriel :</em> am [dot] cadernos [at] cm-lisboa [dot] pt</li> </ul> </div> <div id="license"> <p class="intitule">Licencia</p> <p><a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"><img alt="CC0-1.0" class="cc" src="images/cc0-88x31.png" /></a> Este anuncio está sujeto a la licencia <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal</a>.</p> </div> <div id="citation"> <p class="intitule">Para citar este anuncio</p> <p>« Colonizar y descolonizar: las relaciones Europa-África en los siglos XIX y XX », <span class="category">Convocatoria de ponencias</span>, <em>Calenda</em>, Publicado el jueves 19 de septiembre de 2024, <a class="url" href="https://doi.org/10.58079/12brb">https://doi.org/10.58079/12brb</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="news" class="column last"> <div id="imprimable"> <a id="impression" onclick="javascript:window.open('1188946?formatage=print', '', 'menubar=yes,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,width=800,height=600');return false;" href="1188946?formatage=print">Imprimir</a> <a id="signaler" href="mailto:?subject=Colonizar%20y%20descolonizar%3A%20las%20relaciones%20Europa-%C3%81frica%20en%20los%20siglos%20XIX%20y%20XX&body=Colonizar%20y%20descolonizar%3A%20las%20relaciones%20Europa-%C3%81frica%20en%20los%20siglos%20XIX%20y%20XX%20%0AConvocatoria%20de%20ponencias%20%0A%0AFecha%28s%29%20%0Amartes%2031%20de%20diciembre%20de%202024%20%0A%20%0ALugares%20%0ALisboa%2C%20Portugal%20%0A%20%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fcalenda.org%2F1188946%20%0A%0AEste%20numero%20de%20Cadernos%20do%20Arquivo%20Municipal%20pretende%20reflexionar%20sobre%20el%20colonialismo%20europeo%20en%20%C3%81frica%20en%20los%20siglos%20XIX%20y%20XX%2C%20tratando%20de%20explicar%2C%20a%20trav%C3%A9s%20del%20conocimiento%20hist%C3%B3rico%20actual%2C%20el%20hecho%20colonial%20%E2%80%93uno%2C%20similar%2C%20transversal%20en%20sus%20ideas%20y%20pr%C3%A1cticas%E2%80%93%20estructurado%20en%20diferentes%20vertientes%20territoriales%20y%20nacionales%2C%20y%20subrayando%20la%20deconstrucci%C3%B3n%20de%20mitos%2C%20ideas%20y%20teor%C3%ADas%20que%20se%20sucedieron%20y%20metamorfosearon%20para%20legitimar%20y%20justificar%20la%20violencia%20colonial.%20Tambi%C3%A9n%20se%20trata%20de%20dar%20voz%20a%20los%20africanos%2C%20tan%20silenciados%20por%20el%20sistema%20colonial%2C%20escuchando%20sus%20interpretaciones%20de%20una%20realidad%20del%20pasado%20cercano%20que%20dej%C3%B3%20importantes%20huellas%20en%20su%20vida%20cotidiana.%20%0A%0A%C2%AB%20Colonizar%20y%20descolonizar%3A%20las%20relaciones%20Europa-%C3%81frica%20en%20los%20siglos%20XIX%20y%20XX%20%C2%BB%2C%20Convocatoria%20de%20ponencias%2C%20Calenda%2C%20Publicado%20el%20jueves%2019%20de%20septiembre%20de%202024%2C%20https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.58079%2F12brb%20%0A%0A" >Señalar este documento</a> </div> <h2>Archivar este anuncio</h2> <ul id="archiveit"> <li><a href="http://www.google.com/calendar/event?action=TEMPLATE&text=Colonizar+y+descolonizar%3A+las+relaciones+Europa-%C3%81frica+en+los+siglos+XIX+y+XX&dates=20241231/20250101&details=Este+numero+de+Cadernos+do+Arquivo+Municipal+pretende+reflexionar+sobre+el+colonialismo+europeo+en+%C3%81frica+en+los+siglos+XIX+y+XX%2C+tratando+de+explicar%2C+a+trav%C3%A9s+del+conocimiento+hist%C3%B3rico+actual%2C+el+hecho+colonial+%E2%80%93uno%2C+similar%2C+transversal+en+sus+ideas+y+pr%C3%A1cticas%E2%80%93+estructurado+en+diferentes+vertientes+territoriales+y+nacionales%2C+y+subrayando+la+deconstrucci%C3%B3n+de+mitos%2C+ideas+y+teor%C3%ADas+que+se+sucedieron+y+metamorfosearon+para+legitimar+y+justificar+la+violencia+colonial.+Tambi%C3%A9n+se+trata+de+dar+voz+a+los+africanos%2C+tan+silenciados+por+el+sistema+colonial%2C+escuchando+sus+interpretaciones+de+una+realidad+del+pasado+cercano+que+dej%C3%B3+importantes+huellas+en+su+vida+cotidiana.+&location=Lisboa&trp=false&sprop=http%3A%2F%2Fcalenda.org%2F1188946%3Flang%3Des&sprop=name:Calenda" target="_blank"><img src="images/icn_google_2.png" alt="Google Agenda" title="Google Agenda" /></a></li> <li><a href="http://calenda.org/1188946?lang=es&format=ical"><img src="images/icn_ical.png" alt="iCal" title="iCal" /></a></li> <li class="plop"></li> </ul> <script id="mlt-client" type="text/javascript" src="js/mlt.js" event_id="1188946"></script> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footerLogo"><a href="https://www.openedition.org">OpenEdition</a></div> <div id="footerNav"> <p class="first"><a href="map">Mapa del sitio web</a><span> | </span><a href="about">¿Quiénes somos?</a><span> | </span><a href="info">Proponer un evento</a><span> | </span><a href="credits">Créditos</a><span> | </span><a href="https://calenda.org/1092614">Menciones legales</a></p> <p class="first"><a href="https://www.calenda.org/432331">Preguntas frecuentes </a><span> | </span><a href="feeds">Flujos RSS de Calenda</a><span> | </span><a href="https://www.openedition.org/41045">Suscríbase al boletín de OpenEdition</a><span> | </span><a href="https://calendablog.hypotheses.org">El blog de Calenda</a><span> | </span><a href="https://analytics.openedition.org/index.php?module=CoreHome&action=index&idSite=1795&period=month&date=today#?period=month&date=today&category=Dashboard_Dashboard&subcategory=1&idSite=1795">Site traffic</a></p> <p class="last"><a href="https://www.openedition.org/41101">Señalar un problema</a> <span> | </span> <a href="https://www.openedition.org/19362">Política de Privacidad</a> <span> | </span> <a href="https://www.openedition.org/37235">Política cookies</a> <span> | </span> <a href="https://calenda.org/1044719">CGU para los lectores</a> <span> | </span> <a href="https://calenda.org/812671">Declaración de accesibilidad</a></p> <p class="first">ISSN 2107-5646</p> </div> </div></div>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = _paq || []; // tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" _paq.push(['setCustomVariable', 1, 'Domain', document.domain, 'visit']); _paq.push(['setCustomVariable', 2, 'Site', 'Calenda', 'visit']); _paq.push(['enableCrossDomainLinking']); _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://analytics.openedition.org/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1795']); var secondaryTrackerUrl = 'https://pk.labocleo.org/matomo.php'; var secondaryWebsiteId = '6'; _paq.push(['addTracker', secondaryTrackerUrl, secondaryWebsiteId]); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <script type="text/javascript">(function( $ ) { 'use strict'; $(function() { $('body').prepend($('#ob-breadcrumb')); $('body').prepend($('#ob-search')); $('body').prepend($('#ob-header')); }); })(jQuery);</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://static-origin.openedition.org/openbarre_/scripts/main.js?date=2020-09-01"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://static-origin.openedition.org/js/jquery.jsonp-latest.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <div id="ob-bar-opacity"></div> <div id="ob-search-modal-content" class="ob-modal"> <div class="ob-modal-content"> <div class="ob-modal-content-header"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-search-openedition" aria-hidden="true"></i> <button type="button" title="Cerrar" id="ob-search-modal-close"><i class="ob-icons ob-icons-modal-close" aria-hidden="true"></i></button> </div> <form action="https://search.openedition.org/results" method="get"> <fieldset> <legend>Buscar en OpenEdition Search</legend> <p>Se le redirigirá a OpenEdition Search</p> <input class="ob-search-field" name="q" type="search" title="Expresión o palabra clave" placeholder="Expresión o palabra clave"> <div class="ob-form-group"> <input type="radio" id="choice-1" name="pf" value="" /> <label for="choice-1">En todo OpenEdition</label> </div> <div class="ob-form-group"> <input type="radio" id="choice-2" name="pf" value="CO" checked="checked" /> <label for="choice-2">En Calenda</label> </div> <button type="submit">Buscar</button> </fieldset> </form> </div> </div> <div id="ob-header" class="ob-header-calenda" role="banner"> <div class="ob-header-view"> <div class="ob-header-container"> <div class="ob-header-top"> <div class="ob-header-top-right"> <div class="ob-authdata ob-header-top-right-foundation"></div> <div class="ob-header-top-right-langues" role="navigation" aria-label="languageNavigation"> <div id="languagesNavigation"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="link"> <a id="ob-switchLanguage" class="main" href="#" aria-controls="ob-language" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" tabindex="0"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-langues"></i> <span>Español</span> </a> <ul id="ob-language" class="sub" aria-hidden="true" role="menu"> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1188946?lang=fr">Français</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1188946?lang=pt">Português</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1188946?lang=en">English</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1188946?lang=de">Deutsch</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ob-header-top-right-share"> <div id="socialNetworksNavigation"> <ul class="nav" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="link"> <a id="ob-socialShare" class="main" href="#" aria-controls="ob-share" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" tabindex="0"> <span>Compartir</span> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-partager"></i> </a> <ul id="ob-share" class="sub" aria-hidden="true" role="menu"> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fcalenda.org%2F%2F1188946%3Flang%3Des&title=Colonising+and+decolonising%3A+Europe-Africa+relations+in+the+19th+and+20th+centuriesColoniser+et+d%C3%A9coloniser+%3A+les+relations+entre+l%E2%80%99Europe+et+l%E2%80%99Afrique+aux+19e+et+20e+si%C3%A8clesColonizar+y+descolonizar%3A+las+relaciones+Europa-%C3%81..."><i class="ob-icons ob-icons-fb-partage" title="Facebook"></i>Facebook</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="http://twitter.com/share?text=Colonising+and+decolonising%3A+Europe-Africa+relations+in+the+19th+and+20th+centuriesColoniser+et+d%C3%A9coloniser+%3A+les+relations+entre+l%E2%80%99Europe+et+l%E2%80%99Afrique+aux+19e+et+20e+si%C3%A8clesColonizar+y+descolonizar%3A+las+relaciones+Europa-%C3%81...&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalenda.org%2F%2F1188946%3Flang%3Des&via=OpenEditionActu"><i class="ob-icons ob-icons-tweet-partage" title="Twitter"></i>Twitter</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalenda.org%2F%2F1188946%3Flang%3Des&title=Colonising+and+decolonising%3A+Europe-Africa+relations+in+the+19th+and+20th+centuriesColoniser+et+d%C3%A9coloniser+%3A+les+relations+entre+l%E2%80%99Europe+et+l%E2%80%99Afrique+aux+19e+et+20e+si%C3%A8clesColonizar+y+descolonizar%3A+las+relaciones+Europa-%C3%81..."><i class="ob-icons ob-icons-google-partage" title="Google+"></i>Google+</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ob-header-bottom"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-bar"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-row"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-logo"> <a href="/" title="Home" tabindex="1"><svg class="ob-icons ob-icons-logo calenda">"> <use xlink:href="#icon-logo_calenda"></use> </svg></a> <h1 class="ob-header-bottom-logo-text"> El calendario de ciencias sociales y humanidades </h1> </div> <div class="ob-header-bottom-nav-container"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-nav-mobile"> <button type="button" id="ob-sidenav-button"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-hamb"></i> </button> </div> <div class="ob-header-bottom-nav nosearch"> <nav id="ob-mobile-sidenav" class="ob-header-main-nav"> <ul aria-hidden="true" role="menu" class="ob-mobile-sidenav"> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://calenda.org/">Inicio</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-2"> <a href="https://calenda.org/search">Buscar en eventos</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-3"> <a href="https://calenda.org/info">Proponer un evento</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <a href="javascript:;" class="ob-search2-modal-open"> <span class="openedition-word-1">OpenEdition</span> <span class="openedition-word-2">Search</span> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-search"></i> </a> </div> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content"> <button id="ob-grid-nav-content-open"> <span class="ob-all-openedition">Todo OpenEdition</span> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-tout-OE"></i> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav id="ob-grid-nav-content" class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav"> <div class="ob-authdata ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-titles ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-foundation"></div> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-titles ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-locales"> <button class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-locales-button"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-langues"></i> Español </button> <ul> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1188946?lang=fr">Français</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1188946?lang=pt">Português</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1188946?lang=en">English</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1188946?lang=de">Deutsch</a></li> </ul> </div> <span class="ob-gray-separator">Portal de recursos electrónicos de ciencias sociales y humanidades</span> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-titles"> <a href="https://www.openedition.org" class="openedition-text">OpenEdition</a> </div> <span class="ob-gray-separator">Nuestras plataformas</span> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-titles"> <a href="https://books.openedition.org" class="books-text">OpenEdition Books</a> <a href="https://journals.openedition.org" class="journals-text">OpenEdition Journals</a> <a href="https://hypotheses.org" class="hypotheses-text">Hypotheses</a> <a href="https://calenda.org" class="calenda-text">Calenda</a> </div><span class="ob-gray-separator">Bibliotecas e instituciones</span><div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-links"> <a href="https://www.openedition.org/14043">OpenEdition Freemium</a> </div> <span class="ob-gray-separator">Nuestros servicios</span> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-links"> <a href="https://search.openedition.org">OpenEdition Search</a> <a href="https://newsletter.openedition.org">Boletín electrónico</a> </div> <span class="ob-gray-separator">Síganos</span> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-social"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/openedition" class="facebook" title="Facebook"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/OpenEditionActu" class="twitter" title="Twitter"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a><a href="https://www.openedition.org/backend" class="rss" title="Rss"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-rss" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" style="position: absolute; width: 0; height: 0; overflow: hidden;" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <defs> <symbol id="icon-logo_books" viewBox="0 0 125 32"> <title>OpenEdition Books</title> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M39.658 1.37c3.455 0 5.416 2.335 5.416 5.665s-1.899 5.728-5.416 5.728c-3.549 0-5.416-2.366-5.416-5.728 0.031-3.362 1.93-5.665 5.416-5.665zM39.658 11.051c2.272 0 3.082-1.992 3.082-3.984 0-1.93-0.903-3.922-3.082-3.922-2.21 0-3.082 1.992-3.082 3.922 0 1.961 0.84 3.984 3.082 3.984z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M46.91 4.451h2.023v1.152h0.031c0.467-0.778 1.276-1.339 2.521-1.339 2.49 0 3.424 1.992 3.424 4.233s-0.903 4.296-3.455 4.296c-0.903 0-1.65-0.218-2.397-1.121h-0.031v4.265h-2.117v-11.486zM49.027 8.498c0 1.152 0.467 2.646 1.868 2.646s1.774-1.525 1.774-2.646c0-1.090-0.374-2.584-1.743-2.584s-1.899 1.463-1.899 2.584z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M63.066 12.14c-0.778 0.436-1.65 0.654-2.802 0.654-2.677 0-4.265-1.556-4.265-4.233 0-2.366 1.245-4.296 3.767-4.296 3.019 0 3.86 2.054 3.86 4.918h-5.634c0.093 1.307 0.996 2.054 2.335 2.054 1.027 0 1.899-0.374 2.708-0.809v1.712zM61.665 7.72c-0.062-1.027-0.529-1.899-1.712-1.899s-1.774 0.809-1.868 1.899h3.58z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M65.339 4.451h1.992v1.121h0.031c0.654-0.934 1.556-1.307 2.677-1.307 1.93 0 2.77 1.37 2.77 3.206v5.136h-2.117v-4.358c0-0.996-0.031-2.335-1.37-2.335-1.525 0-1.868 1.65-1.868 2.708v3.984h-2.117v-8.156z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M75.175 1.556h6.506v1.743h-4.296v2.708h3.922v1.743h-3.922v3.113h4.327v1.743h-6.537z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M89.183 11.673h-0.031c-0.623 0.778-1.494 1.121-2.49 1.121-2.49 0-3.424-2.054-3.424-4.296s0.903-4.233 3.424-4.233c1.058 0 1.805 0.374 2.428 1.152h0.031v-4.669h2.117v11.86h-2.054v-0.934zM87.222 11.144c1.401 0 1.868-1.494 1.868-2.646s-0.529-2.584-1.899-2.584c-1.37 0-1.743 1.494-1.743 2.584 0 1.121 0.405 2.646 1.774 2.646z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M93.447 0.965h2.117v2.023h-2.117v-2.023zM93.447 4.451h2.117v8.125h-2.117v-8.124z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M98.49 6.008h-1.556v-1.556h1.556v-1.619l2.117-0.685v2.304h1.868v1.556h-1.868v3.798c0 0.685 0.187 1.339 0.996 1.339 0.374 0 0.747-0.093 0.965-0.218l0.062 1.681c-0.436 0.124-0.934 0.187-1.556 0.187-1.65 0-2.584-1.027-2.584-2.646v-4.14z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M104 0.965h2.117v2.023h-2.117v-2.023zM104 4.451h2.117v8.125h-2.117v-8.124z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M112.062 4.265c2.428 0 4.265 1.619 4.265 4.327 0 2.335-1.556 4.202-4.265 4.202-2.677 0-4.233-1.868-4.233-4.202-0.031-2.708 1.837-4.327 4.233-4.327zM112.062 11.144c1.619 0 2.054-1.463 2.054-2.802 0-1.245-0.654-2.428-2.054-2.428-1.37 0-2.023 1.214-2.023 2.428 0 1.339 0.405 2.802 2.023 2.802z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M117.977 4.451h1.992v1.121h0.031c0.654-0.934 1.556-1.307 2.677-1.307 1.93 0 2.77 1.37 2.77 3.206v5.136h-2.117v-4.358c0-0.996-0.031-2.335-1.37-2.335-1.525 0-1.868 1.65-1.868 2.708v3.984h-2.117v-8.156z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M16.093 32c5.323 0.156 10.459-2.926 12.7-8.124 0 0 0-0.031 0-0.031-7.035-0.374-12.607 6.973-12.7 8.156z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M0 20.389c5.323 0.062 10.335 3.331 12.358 8.623 0 0 0 0.031 0 0.031-7.035 0.093-12.14-6.039-12.358-8.654z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M14.163 17.307c-3.673-1.494-5.323-4.825-4.14-7.751 1.027-2.521 3.735-3.642 5.977-2.739 2.584 1.027 3.642 3.86 2.708 6.226-0.467 1.152-1.432 2.086-2.397 2.833 3.673 1.339 7.782 0.124 9.121-1.868 1.65-2.49-0.374-7.315-0.374-7.315-1.121-2.49-3.144-4.607-6.163-5.821-6.101-2.459-12.981 0.467-15.409 6.537-2.428 6.039 0.498 12.918 6.537 15.377 0.903 0.374 1.805 0.591 2.739 0.747l0.809 8.498h1.494l0.809-8.467c4.14-0.529 7.876-3.206 9.525-7.346 0 0 0 0 0-0.031-2.802 1.743-6.973 2.833-11.237 1.121z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M36.669 18.708c0-1.090-0.062-1.401-0.716-1.432l-0.467-0.031c-0.124-0.093-0.093-0.311 0-0.374 0.809-0.062 1.805-0.125 3.206-0.125 0.934 0 1.837 0.062 2.49 0.405 0.654 0.311 1.121 0.903 1.121 1.868 0 1.058-0.623 1.619-1.525 2.054 0 0.156 0.124 0.187 0.28 0.218 0.809 0.156 1.992 0.903 1.992 2.49 0 1.743-1.276 2.895-3.953 2.895-0.436 0-1.152-0.031-1.805-0.031s-1.152 0.031-1.712 0.031c-0.093-0.031-0.124-0.28-0.031-0.374l0.28-0.031c0.778-0.125 0.809-0.311 0.809-1.868v-5.697zM37.883 20.7c0 0.405 0 0.436 0.778 0.405 1.525-0.062 2.335-0.498 2.335-1.899 0-1.463-1.090-2.023-2.21-2.023-0.342 0-0.56 0.031-0.685 0.093-0.156 0.031-0.218 0.125-0.218 0.374v3.051zM37.883 24.156c0 0.529 0.031 1.307 0.311 1.619 0.28 0.342 0.716 0.405 1.183 0.405 1.339 0 2.335-0.591 2.335-2.086 0-1.183-0.591-2.553-2.957-2.553-0.809 0-0.872 0.093-0.872 0.374v2.241z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M50.521 23.626c0 1.868-1.276 3.206-3.144 3.206-1.712 0-3.051-1.214-3.051-3.082s1.432-3.237 3.175-3.237c1.65 0.031 3.019 1.276 3.019 3.113zM47.315 20.981c-0.996 0-1.712 0.934-1.712 2.584 0 1.37 0.623 2.833 1.93 2.833s1.712-1.37 1.712-2.521c-0.031-1.276-0.529-2.895-1.93-2.895z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M57.743 23.626c0 1.868-1.276 3.206-3.144 3.206-1.712 0-3.051-1.214-3.051-3.082s1.432-3.237 3.175-3.237c1.681 0.031 3.019 1.276 3.019 3.113zM54.537 20.981c-0.996 0-1.712 0.934-1.712 2.584 0 1.37 0.623 2.833 1.93 2.833s1.712-1.37 1.712-2.521c0-1.276-0.498-2.895-1.93-2.895z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M59.58 18.21c0-0.872 0-0.965-0.467-1.245l-0.156-0.093c-0.062-0.031-0.062-0.249 0-0.311 0.374-0.125 1.090-0.342 1.619-0.623 0.062 0 0.124 0.031 0.156 0.093 0 0.436-0.031 1.183-0.031 1.837v5.105c0 0.187 0 0.218 0.28 0.218 0.342 0 0.623-0.156 1.027-0.591l0.623-0.654c0.405-0.436 0.529-0.623 0.529-0.685s-0.062-0.125-0.342-0.156l-0.374-0.031c-0.124-0.031-0.124-0.342 0-0.374h0.342c0.654 0 1.525-0.031 2.366-0.125 0.093 0.031 0.124 0.311 0.031 0.374l-0.467 0.093c-0.311 0.062-0.56 0.218-0.934 0.529-0.591 0.467-1.090 0.996-1.37 1.245-0.187 0.156-0.187 0.249-0.093 0.342 0.249 0.342 0.498 0.623 0.996 1.183 0.591 0.654 1.089 1.245 1.401 1.525 0.218 0.187 0.498 0.28 0.778 0.342l0.218 0.031c0.093 0.062 0.093 0.342-0.031 0.374-0.436-0.031-0.934-0.031-1.432-0.031-0.591 0-1.121 0-1.556 0.031-0.124-0.062-0.124-0.311-0.031-0.374l0.28-0.031c0.218-0.031 0.374-0.062 0.374-0.156s-0.062-0.187-0.249-0.405l-1.588-1.837c-0.124-0.156-0.311-0.218-0.467-0.218-0.28 0-0.28 0.031-0.28 0.498v0.809c0 1.090 0.031 1.214 0.56 1.307l0.342 0.031c0.093 0.062 0.062 0.342-0.031 0.374-0.498-0.031-0.934-0.031-1.432-0.031-0.529 0-0.996 0-1.432 0.031-0.093-0.031-0.124-0.311 0-0.374l0.342-0.031c0.56-0.062 0.56-0.218 0.56-1.307v-6.693z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M69.541 20.794c0.124 0.342 0.249 0.809 0.249 1.214-0.062 0.093-0.28 0.125-0.374 0.031-0.249-0.654-0.716-1.090-1.307-1.090s-0.965 0.374-0.965 0.903c0 0.623 0.623 0.934 1.152 1.245 0.778 0.436 1.525 0.965 1.525 2.023 0 1.121-1.058 1.712-2.148 1.712-0.716 0-1.214-0.156-1.588-0.436-0.124-0.28-0.218-1.027-0.187-1.494 0.062-0.093 0.28-0.093 0.342 0 0.249 0.809 0.716 1.525 1.588 1.525 0.529 0 0.996-0.311 0.996-0.965 0-0.685-0.591-1.058-1.152-1.37-0.872-0.498-1.463-1.027-1.463-1.837 0-1.090 0.903-1.712 2.023-1.712 0.623 0 1.183 0.156 1.307 0.249z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_calenda" viewBox="0 0 100 32"> <title>Calenda</title> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M42.903 19.856c-0.886 0.177-1.95 0.355-2.837 0.355-4.078 0-6.914-2.039-6.914-6.294 0-4.343 2.659-6.737 6.914-6.737 0.798 0 1.95 0.177 2.837 0.532l-0.177 2.127c-0.975-0.532-1.773-0.709-2.748-0.709-2.571 0-4.166 1.95-4.166 4.521s1.596 4.521 4.255 4.521c0.975 0 2.127-0.177 2.748-0.532l0.089 2.216z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M44.942 11.258c0.975-0.443 2.216-0.709 3.191-0.709 2.837 0 3.989 1.152 3.989 3.9v1.152c0 0.975 0 1.596 0 2.305s0.089 1.33 0.089 2.039h-2.127c-0.089-0.443-0.089-1.064-0.089-1.418v0c-0.532 1.064-1.773 1.596-2.837 1.596-1.596 0-3.28-0.975-3.28-2.748 0-1.418 0.709-2.216 1.596-2.659s2.127-0.532 3.102-0.532h1.33c0-1.507-0.709-2.039-2.127-2.039-1.064 0-2.039 0.355-2.837 0.975v-1.861zM47.778 18.526c0.709 0 1.33-0.355 1.684-0.798 0.355-0.532 0.532-1.152 0.532-1.95h-1.064c-1.064 0-2.659 0.177-2.659 1.596 0 0.798 0.709 1.152 1.507 1.152z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M54.604 6.56h2.393v13.474h-2.393v-13.474z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M67.014 19.501c-0.886 0.443-1.862 0.709-3.191 0.709-3.102 0-4.875-1.773-4.875-4.787 0-2.659 1.418-4.875 4.343-4.875 3.457 0 4.432 2.393 4.432 5.584h-6.382c0.089 1.507 1.152 2.305 2.659 2.305 1.152 0 2.216-0.443 3.103-0.975v2.039zM65.418 14.537c-0.089-1.152-0.621-2.216-1.95-2.216s-2.039 0.975-2.127 2.216h4.078z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M69.585 10.814h2.305v1.241c0.798-1.064 1.773-1.507 3.014-1.507 2.216 0 3.191 1.507 3.191 3.634v5.85h-2.393v-4.964c0-1.152 0-2.659-1.596-2.659-1.773 0-2.127 1.861-2.127 3.103v4.521h-2.393v-9.219z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M86.781 18.97v0c-0.798 0.886-1.773 1.241-2.837 1.241-2.837 0-3.9-2.305-3.9-4.875s1.064-4.787 3.9-4.787c1.241 0 2.039 0.443 2.748 1.33v0-5.319h2.393v13.474h-2.305v-1.064zM84.565 18.349c1.596 0 2.127-1.684 2.127-3.014s-0.621-2.925-2.127-2.925c-1.596 0-2.039 1.684-2.039 2.925 0 1.33 0.443 3.014 2.039 3.014z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M92.011 11.258c0.975-0.443 2.216-0.709 3.191-0.709 2.837 0 3.989 1.152 3.989 3.9v1.152c0 0.975 0 1.596 0 2.305s0.089 1.33 0.089 2.039h-2.127c-0.089-0.443-0.089-1.064-0.089-1.418v0c-0.532 1.064-1.773 1.596-2.837 1.596-1.596 0-3.28-0.975-3.28-2.748 0-1.418 0.709-2.216 1.596-2.659s2.127-0.532 3.103-0.532h1.33c0-1.507-0.709-2.039-2.127-2.039-1.064 0-2.039 0.355-2.837 0.975v-1.861zM94.848 18.526c0.709 0 1.33-0.355 1.684-0.798 0.355-0.532 0.532-1.152 0.532-1.95h-1.064c-1.064 0-2.659 0.177-2.659 1.596-0.089 0.798 0.621 1.152 1.507 1.152z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M42.903 19.856c-0.886 0.177-1.95 0.355-2.837 0.355-4.078 0-6.914-2.039-6.914-6.294 0-4.343 2.659-6.737 6.914-6.737 0.798 0 1.95 0.177 2.837 0.532l-0.177 2.127c-0.975-0.532-1.773-0.709-2.748-0.709-2.571 0-4.166 1.95-4.166 4.521s1.596 4.521 4.255 4.521c0.975 0 2.127-0.177 2.748-0.532l0.089 2.216z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M44.942 11.258c0.975-0.443 2.216-0.709 3.191-0.709 2.837 0 3.989 1.152 3.989 3.9v1.152c0 0.975 0 1.596 0 2.305s0.089 1.33 0.089 2.039h-2.127c-0.089-0.443-0.089-1.064-0.089-1.418v0c-0.532 1.064-1.773 1.596-2.837 1.596-1.596 0-3.28-0.975-3.28-2.748 0-1.418 0.709-2.216 1.596-2.659s2.127-0.532 3.102-0.532h1.33c0-1.507-0.709-2.039-2.127-2.039-1.064 0-2.039 0.355-2.837 0.975v-1.861zM47.778 18.526c0.709 0 1.33-0.355 1.684-0.798 0.355-0.532 0.532-1.152 0.532-1.95h-1.064c-1.064 0-2.659 0.177-2.659 1.596 0 0.798 0.709 1.152 1.507 1.152z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M54.604 6.56h2.393v13.474h-2.393v-13.474z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M67.014 19.501c-0.886 0.443-1.862 0.709-3.191 0.709-3.102 0-4.875-1.773-4.875-4.787 0-2.659 1.418-4.875 4.343-4.875 3.457 0 4.432 2.393 4.432 5.584h-6.382c0.089 1.507 1.152 2.305 2.659 2.305 1.152 0 2.216-0.443 3.103-0.975v2.039zM65.418 14.537c-0.089-1.152-0.621-2.216-1.95-2.216s-2.039 0.975-2.127 2.216h4.078z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M69.585 10.814h2.305v1.241c0.798-1.064 1.773-1.507 3.014-1.507 2.216 0 3.191 1.507 3.191 3.634v5.85h-2.393v-4.964c0-1.152 0-2.659-1.596-2.659-1.773 0-2.127 1.861-2.127 3.103v4.521h-2.393v-9.219z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M86.781 18.97v0c-0.798 0.886-1.773 1.241-2.837 1.241-2.837 0-3.9-2.305-3.9-4.875s1.064-4.787 3.9-4.787c1.241 0 2.039 0.443 2.748 1.33v0-5.319h2.393v13.474h-2.305v-1.064zM84.565 18.349c1.596 0 2.127-1.684 2.127-3.014s-0.621-2.925-2.127-2.925c-1.596 0-2.039 1.684-2.039 2.925 0 1.33 0.443 3.014 2.039 3.014z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M92.011 11.258c0.975-0.443 2.216-0.709 3.191-0.709 2.837 0 3.989 1.152 3.989 3.9v1.152c0 0.975 0 1.596 0 2.305s0.089 1.33 0.089 2.039h-2.127c-0.089-0.443-0.089-1.064-0.089-1.418v0c-0.532 1.064-1.773 1.596-2.837 1.596-1.596 0-3.28-0.975-3.28-2.748 0-1.418 0.709-2.216 1.596-2.659s2.127-0.532 3.103-0.532h1.33c0-1.507-0.709-2.039-2.127-2.039-1.064 0-2.039 0.355-2.837 0.975v-1.861zM94.848 18.526c0.709 0 1.33-0.355 1.684-0.798 0.355-0.532 0.532-1.152 0.532-1.95h-1.064c-1.064 0-2.659 0.177-2.659 1.596-0.089 0.798 0.621 1.152 1.507 1.152z"></path> <path fill="#8ebc23" style="fill: var(--color17, #8ebc23)" d="M16.044 32c5.319 0.177 10.46-2.925 12.676-8.066 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.003-0.443-12.499 6.825-12.676 8.066z"></path> <path fill="#8ebc23" style="fill: var(--color17, #8ebc23)" d="M0 20.388c5.319 0.089 10.371 3.28 12.321 8.598 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.003 0.089-12.055-6.028-12.321-8.598z"></path> <path fill="#8ebc23" style="fill: var(--color17, #8ebc23)" d="M14.183 17.285c-3.634-1.507-5.319-4.787-4.166-7.712 0.975-2.482 3.723-3.634 5.939-2.748 2.571 1.064 3.634 3.9 2.659 6.205-0.443 1.152-1.418 2.127-2.393 2.837 3.634 1.33 7.801 0.089 9.13-1.861 1.596-2.482-0.355-7.357-0.355-7.357-1.152-2.482-3.102-4.609-6.116-5.85-6.116-2.393-12.942 0.532-15.424 6.56-2.393 6.028 0.532 12.942 6.56 15.335 0.886 0.355 1.773 0.62 2.748 0.709l0.798 8.51h1.507l0.798-8.51c4.078-0.532 7.801-3.191 9.485-7.269 0 0 0 0 0 0-2.748 1.773-6.914 2.837-11.169 1.152z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_hypothesesorg" viewBox="0 0 140 32"> <title>Hypothèses</title> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M33.941 6.353h2.765v5.529h5.471v-5.529h2.765v13.706h-2.765v-6h-5.471v6h-2.765v-13.706z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M52.059 17.353v0l2.471-7.353h2.647l-3.765 10c-0.824 2.235-1.471 4.412-4.176 4.412-0.647 0-1.235-0.118-1.882-0.294l0.176-1.941c0.353 0.118 0.706 0.176 1.353 0.176 1.059 0 1.706-0.706 1.706-1.824l-3.882-10.588h2.882l2.471 7.412z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M58.765 9.941h2.529v1.412h0.059c0.588-1 1.588-1.647 3.118-1.647 3.118 0 4.235 2.471 4.235 5.235s-1.118 5.294-4.294 5.294c-1.118 0-2.059-0.294-2.941-1.412h-0.059v5.294h-2.647v-14.176zM61.412 15c0 1.412 0.588 3.294 2.294 3.294s2.235-1.882 2.235-3.294c0-1.353-0.471-3.235-2.176-3.235s-2.353 1.824-2.353 3.235z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M75.353 9.706c3 0 5.294 2 5.294 5.353 0 2.882-1.941 5.235-5.294 5.235s-5.294-2.294-5.294-5.235c0-3.294 2.294-5.353 5.294-5.353zM75.353 18.235c2 0 2.529-1.824 2.529-3.471 0-1.529-0.824-3-2.529-3s-2.529 1.471-2.529 3c0 1.647 0.529 3.471 2.529 3.471z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M83.588 11.882h-1.941v-1.941h1.941v-2l2.647-0.824v2.882h2.353v1.941h-2.353v4.706c0 0.882 0.235 1.647 1.235 1.647 0.471 0 0.941-0.118 1.176-0.294l0.059 2.059c-0.529 0.176-1.176 0.235-1.941 0.235-2.059 0-3.176-1.294-3.176-3.294v-5.118z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M90.353 5.353h2.647v6h0.059c0.647-1 1.824-1.588 3.176-1.588 2.412 0 3.412 1.706 3.412 3.941v6.353h-2.647v-5.412c0-1.235 0-2.882-1.706-2.882-1.882 0-2.294 2.059-2.294 3.353v4.941h-2.647v-14.706z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M110.412 19.471c-0.941 0.529-2.059 0.824-3.471 0.824-3.353 0-5.294-1.941-5.294-5.235 0-2.941 1.529-5.353 4.706-5.353 3.765 0 4.824 2.588 4.824 6.118h-7c0.118 1.647 1.235 2.529 2.882 2.529 1.294 0 2.353-0.471 3.353-1v2.118zM108.647 14c-0.059-1.294-0.647-2.353-2.118-2.353s-2.235 1-2.353 2.353h4.471z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M119.176 12.059c-0.824-0.294-1.412-0.412-2.353-0.412-0.706 0-1.529 0.235-1.529 1.118 0 1.588 4.588 0.588 4.588 4.235 0 2.353-2.118 3.294-4.235 3.294-1 0-2-0.176-3-0.412l0.176-2.176c0.824 0.412 1.706 0.647 2.588 0.647 0.647 0 1.706-0.235 1.706-1.235 0-2-4.588-0.647-4.588-4.294 0-2.176 1.882-3.118 3.941-3.118 1.235 0 2.059 0.176 2.882 0.353l-0.176 2z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M130 19.471c-0.941 0.529-2.059 0.824-3.471 0.824-3.353 0-5.294-1.941-5.294-5.235 0-2.941 1.529-5.353 4.706-5.353 3.765 0 4.824 2.588 4.824 6.118h-7c0.118 1.647 1.235 2.529 2.882 2.529 1.294 0 2.353-0.471 3.353-1v2.118zM128.235 14c-0.059-1.294-0.647-2.353-2.118-2.353s-2.235 1-2.353 2.353h4.471z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M138.824 12.059c-0.824-0.294-1.412-0.412-2.353-0.412-0.706 0-1.529 0.235-1.529 1.118 0 1.588 4.588 0.588 4.588 4.235 0 2.353-2.118 3.294-4.235 3.294-1 0-2-0.176-3-0.412l0.176-2.176c0.824 0.412 1.706 0.647 2.588 0.647 0.647 0 1.706-0.235 1.706-1.235 0-2-4.588-0.647-4.588-4.294 0-2.176 1.882-3.118 3.941-3.118 1.235 0 2.059 0.176 2.882 0.353l-0.176 2z"></path> <path fill="#ec5a4f" style="fill: var(--color19, #ec5a4f)" d="M16.059 32c5.353 0.176 10.471-2.882 12.706-8.118 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.059-0.412-12.588 6.882-12.706 8.118z"></path> <path fill="#ec5a4f" style="fill: var(--color19, #ec5a4f)" d="M0 20.353c5.353 0.059 10.353 3.294 12.353 8.588 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.059 0.176-12.118-5.941-12.353-8.588z"></path> <path fill="#ec5a4f" style="fill: var(--color19, #ec5a4f)" d="M14.176 17.294c-3.647-1.471-5.353-4.824-4.176-7.765 1-2.529 3.706-3.647 5.941-2.706 2.588 1.059 3.647 3.882 2.706 6.235-0.471 1.176-1.412 2.059-2.412 2.824 3.647 1.353 7.765 0.118 9.118-1.882 1.647-2.471-0.353-7.294-0.353-7.294-1.118-2.529-3.118-4.647-6.176-5.824-6.059-2.412-12.941 0.471-15.353 6.529-2.412 6 0.529 12.882 6.529 15.353 0.882 0.353 1.824 0.588 2.706 0.765l0.824 8.471h1.529l0.824-8.471c4.118-0.529 7.824-3.176 9.529-7.294 0 0 0 0 0 0-2.824 1.706-7 2.765-11.235 1.059z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_wwwrevuesorg" viewBox="0 0 125 32"> <title>OpenEdition Journals</title> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M39.669 1.41c3.438 0 5.377 2.292 5.377 5.642s-1.939 5.73-5.377 5.73c-3.526 0-5.377-2.38-5.377-5.73s1.851-5.642 5.377-5.642zM39.669 11.019c2.292 0 3.085-2.028 3.085-3.967s-0.882-3.967-3.085-3.967c-2.204 0-3.085 2.028-3.085 3.967 0 2.028 0.793 3.967 3.085 3.967z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M46.898 4.496h2.028v1.146c0.441-0.793 1.322-1.322 2.556-1.322 2.468 0 3.438 2.028 3.438 4.231s-0.882 4.231-3.438 4.231c-0.882 0-1.675-0.176-2.38-1.146v0 4.231h-2.116v-11.372zM49.014 8.551c0 1.146 0.441 2.645 1.851 2.645s1.763-1.499 1.763-2.645c0-1.058-0.353-2.556-1.763-2.556-1.322-0.088-1.851 1.41-1.851 2.556z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M63.030 12.165c-0.793 0.441-1.675 0.617-2.821 0.617-2.645 0-4.231-1.587-4.231-4.231 0-2.38 1.234-4.32 3.791-4.32 2.997 0 3.879 2.028 3.879 4.937h-5.642c0.088 1.322 0.97 2.028 2.292 2.028 1.058 0 1.939-0.353 2.733-0.793v1.763zM61.62 7.758c-0.088-1.058-0.529-1.939-1.675-1.939s-1.763 0.793-1.851 1.939h3.526z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M65.234 4.496h2.028v1.146c0.705-0.97 1.587-1.322 2.645-1.322 1.939 0 2.733 1.322 2.733 3.174v5.113h-2.116v-4.32c0-0.97 0-2.292-1.41-2.292-1.499 0-1.851 1.675-1.851 2.733v3.967h-2.028v-8.198z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M75.107 1.587h6.523v1.763h-4.32v2.645h3.879v1.763h-3.879v3.085h4.32v1.763h-6.523z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M89.124 11.636v0c-0.705 0.793-1.499 1.146-2.556 1.146-2.468 0-3.438-2.028-3.438-4.231s0.882-4.231 3.438-4.231c1.058 0 1.763 0.353 2.468 1.146v0-4.672h2.116v11.813h-2.028v-0.97zM87.185 11.107c1.41 0 1.851-1.499 1.851-2.645s-0.529-2.556-1.851-2.556c-1.41 0-1.763 1.499-1.763 2.556-0.088 1.146 0.353 2.645 1.763 2.645z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M93.355 0.97h2.116v2.028h-2.116v-2.028zM93.355 4.496h2.116v8.11h-2.116v-8.11z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M98.38 5.995h-1.587v-1.499h1.587v-1.675l2.116-0.705v2.292h1.851v1.587h-1.851v3.791c0 0.705 0.176 1.322 0.97 1.322 0.353 0 0.705-0.088 0.97-0.176l0.088 1.675c-0.441 0.088-0.97 0.176-1.587 0.176-1.675 0-2.556-1.058-2.556-2.645v-4.143z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M103.846 0.97h2.116v2.028h-2.116v-2.028zM103.846 4.496h2.116v8.11h-2.116v-8.11z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M111.956 4.32c2.38 0 4.231 1.587 4.231 4.32 0 2.292-1.587 4.231-4.231 4.231s-4.231-1.851-4.231-4.231c0-2.733 1.851-4.32 4.231-4.32zM111.956 11.107c1.587 0 2.028-1.41 2.028-2.821 0-1.234-0.705-2.38-2.028-2.38-1.41 0-2.028 1.234-2.028 2.38 0 1.41 0.353 2.821 2.028 2.821z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M117.862 4.496h2.028v1.146c0.705-0.97 1.587-1.322 2.645-1.322 1.939 0 2.733 1.322 2.733 3.174v5.113h-2.116v-4.32c0-0.97 0-2.292-1.41-2.292-1.499 0-1.851 1.675-1.851 2.733v3.967h-2.116v-8.198z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M16.044 32c5.377 0.176 10.49-2.909 12.694-8.11 0 0 0 0 0 0-6.964-0.441-12.518 6.964-12.694 8.11z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M0 20.364c5.377 0.088 10.314 3.35 12.342 8.639 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.052 0.088-12.077-5.995-12.342-8.639z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M14.193 17.278c-3.702-1.499-5.377-4.848-4.143-7.758 1.058-2.556 3.702-3.614 5.995-2.733 2.556 1.058 3.614 3.879 2.733 6.259-0.441 1.146-1.41 2.116-2.38 2.821 3.702 1.322 7.758 0.088 9.080-1.851 1.675-2.468-0.353-7.317-0.353-7.317-1.146-2.468-3.174-4.584-6.171-5.818-6.171-2.468-13.047 0.441-15.427 6.523-2.468 6.083 0.529 12.959 6.523 15.339 0.882 0.353 1.851 0.617 2.733 0.705l0.793 8.551h1.499l0.793-8.463c4.143-0.529 7.846-3.174 9.521-7.317 0 0 0 0 0 0-2.821 1.675-6.964 2.821-11.196 1.058z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M36.849 18.953c0-1.675-0.176-1.851-1.058-1.851h-0.353c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.353 0-0.353 0.882 0 1.322 0.088 1.939 0.088s1.058 0 1.675-0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353h-0.264c-0.882 0.088-0.882 0.353-0.882 1.851v5.466c0 1.146-0.088 2.204-0.353 2.821-0.529 1.146-1.499 2.116-2.909 2.116-0.176 0-0.617 0-0.617-0.264s0.176-0.705 0.529-0.705c0.176 0 0.353 0 0.529 0.088s0.441 0.088 0.617 0.088c0.353 0 0.529-0.176 0.617-0.353 0.353-0.705 0.353-2.909 0.353-3.702v-5.554z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M46.017 23.449c0 1.851-1.234 3.174-3.085 3.174-1.675 0-2.997-1.146-2.997-2.997s1.41-3.174 3.174-3.174c1.587-0.088 2.909 1.146 2.909 2.997zM42.843 20.804c-0.97 0-1.675 0.97-1.675 2.556 0 1.322 0.617 2.821 1.939 2.821s1.675-1.322 1.675-2.468c0-1.322-0.529-2.909-1.939-2.909z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M48.837 24.242c0 1.058 0.264 1.675 1.41 1.675 0.441 0 0.882-0.176 1.234-0.441 0.176-0.176 0.264-0.353 0.264-0.882v-2.38c0-0.97-0.088-0.97-0.529-1.146l-0.176-0.088c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.353 0.617 0 1.41-0.088 1.763-0.264 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.176 0.088 0 0.264-0.088 0.705-0.088 1.322v2.468c0 1.146 0.088 1.587 0.441 1.587 0.176 0 0.353 0 0.617-0.088 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.441-0.529 0.088-1.41 0.264-1.939 0.529-0.088 0-0.176 0-0.176-0.088v-0.617c0-0.176-0.088-0.176-0.088-0.176-0.441 0.264-1.146 0.793-2.028 0.793-1.322 0-1.763-0.617-1.763-1.851v-2.468c0-0.882 0-1.058-0.441-1.234l-0.176-0.088c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.353 0.705 0 1.234-0.176 1.587-0.264 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.176 0.088 0 0.264-0.088 0.529-0.088 1.322v2.468z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M55.537 22.127c0-0.529 0-0.617-0.441-0.882l-0.088-0.088c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.264 0.353-0.088 1.146-0.529 1.499-0.705 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.088v0.882c0 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.176 0.529-0.441 1.058-0.882 1.587-0.882 0.353 0 0.705 0.264 0.705 0.617 0 0.529-0.353 0.705-0.617 0.705-0.176 0-0.176 0-0.353-0.088-0.176-0.176-0.441-0.264-0.617-0.264-0.264 0-0.441 0.176-0.529 0.264-0.176 0.176-0.176 0.617-0.176 1.146v2.028c0 1.058 0 1.234 0.617 1.322l0.529 0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353-0.705 0-1.146 0-1.675 0s-0.97 0-1.322 0c-0.088 0-0.088-0.264 0-0.353l0.264-0.088c0.529-0.088 0.529-0.176 0.529-1.322v-2.733z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M60.386 22.127c0-0.529 0-0.617-0.441-0.882l-0.088-0.088c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.264 0.353-0.088 1.146-0.529 1.499-0.705 0.088 0 0.088 0 0.176 0.088 0 0.353 0 0.529 0 0.705 0 0.088 0.088 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.617-0.353 1.322-0.793 2.028-0.793 1.234 0 1.763 0.882 1.763 1.851v2.556c0 1.058 0 1.234 0.529 1.322l0.353 0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353-0.441 0-0.882 0-1.41 0s-0.97 0-1.41 0c-0.088 0-0.176-0.264 0-0.353l0.264-0.088c0.529-0.088 0.529-0.176 0.529-1.322v-2.204c0-0.882-0.353-1.499-1.41-1.499-0.529 0-1.058 0.264-1.234 0.529s-0.264 0.441-0.264 0.882v2.292c0 1.058 0 1.234 0.529 1.322l0.264 0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353-0.353 0-0.793 0-1.322 0s-0.97 0-1.41 0c-0.088 0-0.176-0.264 0-0.353l0.353-0.088c0.529-0.088 0.529-0.176 0.529-1.322v-2.645z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M70.171 23.361c0.176-0.088 0.264-0.176 0.264-0.441v-0.705c0-0.529-0.176-1.322-1.058-1.322-0.441 0-0.882 0.176-0.97 0.705 0 0.264 0 0.441-0.176 0.529-0.176 0.176-0.617 0.264-0.793 0.264s-0.176-0.088-0.176-0.176c0-0.793 1.675-1.851 2.733-1.851s1.587 0.617 1.499 1.763l-0.088 2.556c0 0.705 0.088 1.322 0.705 1.322 0.176 0 0.264 0 0.353-0.088 0.088 0 0.176-0.088 0.176-0.088 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.176s-0.529 0.617-1.234 0.617c-0.353 0-0.705-0.088-0.97-0.441-0.088-0.088-0.176-0.176-0.264-0.176s-0.264 0.176-0.529 0.264c-0.353 0.176-0.617 0.353-1.058 0.353s-0.793-0.088-1.058-0.353c-0.264-0.264-0.441-0.617-0.441-1.058 0-0.529 0.264-0.882 1.234-1.234l1.763-0.617zM69.201 25.917c0.264 0 0.793-0.176 0.882-0.353 0.176-0.176 0.176-0.353 0.176-0.705v-0.882c0-0.176-0.088-0.176-0.176-0.176s-0.353 0.088-0.617 0.176c-0.882 0.264-1.322 0.529-1.322 1.058 0.176 0.264 0.353 0.882 1.058 0.882z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M74.931 24.771c0 1.058 0 1.234 0.529 1.322l0.353 0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353-0.441 0-0.882 0-1.41 0s-0.97 0-1.41 0c-0.088 0-0.088-0.264 0-0.353l0.353-0.088c0.529-0.088 0.529-0.176 0.529-1.322v-6.612c0-0.882 0-0.97-0.441-1.234l-0.176-0.176c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.264 0.353-0.088 1.058-0.353 1.587-0.617 0.088 0 0.088 0 0.176 0.088 0 0.441 0 1.146 0 1.851v6.964z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M80.22 20.628c0.176 0.353 0.264 0.793 0.264 1.234-0.088 0.088-0.264 0.088-0.353 0-0.264-0.617-0.705-1.058-1.322-1.058s-0.97 0.353-0.97 0.882c0 0.617 0.617 0.97 1.146 1.234 0.793 0.441 1.499 0.97 1.499 2.028 0 1.146-1.058 1.675-2.116 1.675-0.705 0-1.234-0.176-1.587-0.441-0.088-0.353-0.176-1.058-0.088-1.499 0.088-0.088 0.264-0.088 0.353 0 0.264 0.793 0.705 1.499 1.587 1.499 0.529 0 0.97-0.353 0.97-0.97 0-0.705-0.617-1.058-1.146-1.322-0.882-0.441-1.499-0.97-1.499-1.851 0-1.058 0.882-1.675 2.028-1.675 0.617 0 1.146 0.176 1.234 0.264z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_wwwopeneditionorg" viewBox="0 0 152.7 34.8"> <title>OpenEdition</title> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M42.4,8.4c4.4,0,6.9,3,6.9,7.3s-2.5,7.4-6.9,7.4-6.9-3-6.9-7.4S37.9,8.4,42.4,8.4Zm0,12.4c2.9,0,4-2.6,4-5.1s-1.2-5.1-4-5.1-4,2.6-4,5.1S39.5,20.8,42.4,20.8Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M51.7,12.3h2.6v1.5h0a3.47,3.47,0,0,1,3.2-1.7c3.2,0,4.4,2.6,4.4,5.4S60.7,23,57.5,23a3.75,3.75,0,0,1-3.1-1.4h0V27H51.7Zm2.7,5.2c0,1.5.6,3.4,2.4,3.4s2.3-1.9,2.3-3.4-.5-3.3-2.3-3.3S54.4,16.1,54.4,17.5Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M72.5,22.2a7.67,7.67,0,0,1-3.6.8c-3.5,0-5.5-2-5.5-5.4,0-3,1.6-5.5,4.9-5.5,3.9,0,5,2.7,5,6.3H66A2.69,2.69,0,0,0,69,21a6.9,6.9,0,0,0,3.5-1.1Zm-1.8-5.7c-.1-1.3-.7-2.5-2.2-2.5a2.39,2.39,0,0,0-2.4,2.5Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M75.4,12.3H78v1.4h0A4,4,0,0,1,81.4,12c2.5,0,3.6,1.7,3.6,4.1v6.6H82.3V17.1c0-1.3,0-3-1.8-3-2,0-2.4,2.1-2.4,3.5v5.1H75.4Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M88,8.6h8.4v2.2H90.9v3.5H96v2.2H90.9v4h5.6v2.2H88Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M106,21.6h0a4.12,4.12,0,0,1-3.2,1.4c-3.2,0-4.4-2.6-4.4-5.5s1.2-5.4,4.4-5.4a3.62,3.62,0,0,1,3.1,1.5h0v-6h2.7V22.8H106Zm-2.4-.7c1.8,0,2.4-1.9,2.4-3.4s-.7-3.3-2.4-3.3-2.3,1.9-2.3,3.3S101.8,20.9,103.6,20.9Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M111.6,7.8h2.7v2.6h-2.7Zm0,4.5h2.7V22.8h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M118,14.3h-2v-2h2V10.2l2.7-.9v3h2.4v2h-2.4v4.9c0,.9.2,1.7,1.3,1.7a1.92,1.92,0,0,0,1.2-.3l.1,2.2a6.17,6.17,0,0,1-2,.2,3.08,3.08,0,0,1-3.3-3.4Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M125.1,7.8h2.7v2.6h-2.7Zm0,4.5h2.7V22.8h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M135.5,12.1a5.25,5.25,0,0,1,5.5,5.5,5.5,5.5,0,0,1-11,0A5.25,5.25,0,0,1,135.5,12.1Zm0,8.8c2.1,0,2.6-1.9,2.6-3.6s-.9-3.1-2.6-3.1-2.6,1.5-2.6,3.1S133.4,20.9,135.5,20.9Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M143.1,12.3h2.6v1.4h0a4,4,0,0,1,3.4-1.7c2.5,0,3.6,1.7,3.6,4.1v6.6H150V17.1c0-1.3,0-3-1.8-3-2,0-2.4,2.1-2.4,3.5v5.1h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M42.4,8.4c4.4,0,6.9,3,6.9,7.3s-2.5,7.4-6.9,7.4-6.9-3-6.9-7.4S37.9,8.4,42.4,8.4Zm0,12.4c2.9,0,4-2.6,4-5.1s-1.2-5.1-4-5.1-4,2.6-4,5.1S39.5,20.8,42.4,20.8Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M51.7,12.3h2.6v1.5h0a3.47,3.47,0,0,1,3.2-1.7c3.2,0,4.4,2.6,4.4,5.4S60.7,23,57.5,23a3.75,3.75,0,0,1-3.1-1.4h0V27H51.7Zm2.7,5.2c0,1.5.6,3.4,2.4,3.4s2.3-1.9,2.3-3.4-.5-3.3-2.3-3.3S54.4,16.1,54.4,17.5Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M72.5,22.2a7.67,7.67,0,0,1-3.6.8c-3.5,0-5.5-2-5.5-5.4,0-3,1.6-5.5,4.9-5.5,3.9,0,5,2.7,5,6.3H66A2.69,2.69,0,0,0,69,21a6.9,6.9,0,0,0,3.5-1.1Zm-1.8-5.7c-.1-1.3-.7-2.5-2.2-2.5a2.39,2.39,0,0,0-2.4,2.5Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M75.4,12.3H78v1.4h0A4,4,0,0,1,81.4,12c2.5,0,3.6,1.7,3.6,4.1v6.6H82.3V17.1c0-1.3,0-3-1.8-3-2,0-2.4,2.1-2.4,3.5v5.1H75.4Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M88,8.6h8.4v2.2H90.9v3.5H96v2.2H90.9v4h5.6v2.2H88Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M106,21.6h0a4.12,4.12,0,0,1-3.2,1.4c-3.2,0-4.4-2.6-4.4-5.5s1.2-5.4,4.4-5.4a3.62,3.62,0,0,1,3.1,1.5h0v-6h2.7V22.8H106Zm-2.4-.7c1.8,0,2.4-1.9,2.4-3.4s-.7-3.3-2.4-3.3-2.3,1.9-2.3,3.3S101.8,20.9,103.6,20.9Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M111.6,7.8h2.7v2.6h-2.7Zm0,4.5h2.7V22.8h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M118,14.3h-2v-2h2V10.2l2.7-.9v3h2.4v2h-2.4v4.9c0,.9.2,1.7,1.3,1.7a1.92,1.92,0,0,0,1.2-.3l.1,2.2a6.17,6.17,0,0,1-2,.2,3.08,3.08,0,0,1-3.3-3.4Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M125.1,7.8h2.7v2.6h-2.7Zm0,4.5h2.7V22.8h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M135.5,12.1a5.25,5.25,0,0,1,5.5,5.5,5.5,5.5,0,0,1-11,0A5.25,5.25,0,0,1,135.5,12.1Zm0,8.8c2.1,0,2.6-1.9,2.6-3.6s-.9-3.1-2.6-3.1-2.6,1.5-2.6,3.1S133.4,20.9,135.5,20.9Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M143.1,12.3h2.6v1.4h0a4,4,0,0,1,3.4-1.7c2.5,0,3.6,1.7,3.6,4.1v6.6H150V17.1c0-1.3,0-3-1.8-3-2,0-2.4,2.1-2.4,3.5v5.1h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M17.5,34.8A14.55,14.55,0,0,0,31.3,26h0C23.6,25.5,17.6,33.5,17.5,34.8Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M0,22.2a14.52,14.52,0,0,1,13.4,9.4h0C5.8,31.7.2,25,0,22.2Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M15.4,18.8c-4-1.6-5.8-5.2-4.5-8.4a5.07,5.07,0,1,1,9.4,3.8,8.64,8.64,0,0,1-2.6,3.1c4,1.4,8.5.1,9.9-2,1.8-2.7-.4-8-.4-8A11.91,11.91,0,0,0,20.5,1a12.79,12.79,0,1,0-9.6,23.7,11.14,11.14,0,0,0,3,.8l.9,9.2h1.6l.9-9.2a12.93,12.93,0,0,0,10.3-7.9h0A13.39,13.39,0,0,1,15.4,18.8Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_search" viewBox="0 0 247 68"> <title>OpenEdition Search</title> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M80.3,6.6c6.5,0,10.1,4.4,10.1,10.6S86.9,28,80.3,28c-6.6,0-10.1-4.4-10.1-10.7C70.2,10.9,73.8,6.6,80.3,6.6z M80.3,24.7c4.2,0,5.8-3.8,5.8-7.5c0-3.6-1.7-7.4-5.8-7.4c-4.1,0-5.8,3.7-5.8,7.4C74.5,20.9,76.1,24.7,80.3,24.7z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M93.9,12.4h3.8v2.2h0.1c0.9-1.5,2.4-2.5,4.7-2.5c4.7,0,6.4,3.7,6.4,7.9c0,4.2-1.7,8-6.5,8c-1.7,0-3.1-0.4-4.5-2.1h-0.1v8h-4V12.4z M97.9,19.9c0,2.2,0.9,4.9,3.5,4.9c2.6,0,3.3-2.8,3.3-4.9c0-2-0.7-4.9-3.3-4.9C98.9,15.1,97.9,17.8,97.9,19.9z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M124.2,26.7c-1.4,0.8-3.1,1.2-5.2,1.2c-5,0-8-2.9-8-7.9c0-4.4,2.3-8,7.1-8c5.7,0,7.2,3.9,7.2,9.2h-10.5c0.2,2.5,1.9,3.8,4.3,3.8c1.9,0,3.6-0.7,5.1-1.5V26.7z M121.5,18.5c-0.1-1.9-1-3.6-3.2-3.6c-2.2,0-3.3,1.5-3.5,3.6H121.5z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M128.4,12.4h3.8v2.1h0.1c1.2-1.7,2.9-2.4,5-2.4c3.6,0,5.2,2.5,5.2,6v9.6h-4v-8.1c0-1.9,0-4.4-2.6-4.4c-2.9,0-3.5,3.1-3.5,5.1v7.5h-4V12.4z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M146.8,7H159v3.3h-8v5.1h7.4v3.3H151v5.8h8.1v3.3h-12.2V7z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M173.1,25.9L173.1,25.9c-1.2,1.5-2.9,2.1-4.7,2.1c-4.7,0-6.4-3.8-6.4-8c0-4.2,1.7-7.9,6.4-7.9c2,0,3.4,0.7,4.6,2.1h0.1V5.4h4v22.2h-3.8V25.9z M169.4,24.9c2.6,0,3.5-2.8,3.5-4.9c0-2.1-1-4.9-3.6-4.9c-2.6,0-3.3,2.8-3.3,4.9C166.1,22,166.8,24.9,169.4,24.9z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M181.1,5.8h4v3.8h-4V5.8z M181.1,12.4h4v15.2h-4V12.4z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M190.5,15.3h-2.9v-2.9h2.9v-3l4-1.3v4.3h3.5v2.9h-3.5v7.1c0,1.3,0.4,2.5,1.9,2.5c0.7,0,1.4-0.1,1.8-0.4l0.1,3.1c-0.8,0.2-1.7,0.4-2.9,0.4c-3.1,0-4.8-1.9-4.8-4.9V15.3z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M200.8,5.8h4v3.8h-4V5.8z M200.8,12.4h4v15.2h-4V12.4z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M215.9,12c4.5,0,8,3,8,8.1c0,4.4-2.9,7.9-8,7.9c-5,0-8-3.5-8-7.9C208,15.1,211.4,12,215.9,12z M215.9,24.9c3,0,3.8-2.7,3.8-5.3c0-2.3-1.2-4.5-3.8-4.5c-2.6,0-3.8,2.2-3.8,4.5C212.1,22.1,212.9,24.9,215.9,24.9z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M227,12.4h3.8v2.1h0.1c1.2-1.7,2.9-2.4,5-2.4c3.6,0,5.2,2.5,5.2,6v9.6h-4v-8.1c0-1.9,0-4.4-2.6-4.4c-2.9,0-3.5,3.1-3.5,5.1v7.5h-4V12.4z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M36.1,64c10,0.3,19.6-5.5,23.8-15.2c0,0,0,0,0-0.1C46.8,48,36.4,61.7,36.1,64z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M6,42.2c10,0.1,19.4,6.2,23.2,16.2c0,0,0,0,0,0.1C16,58.6,6.4,47.1,6,42.2z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M32.5,36.4c-6.9-2.8-10-9-7.8-14.5c1.9-4.7,7-6.8,11.2-5.1c4.8,2,6.8,7.3,5.1,11.7c-0.9,2.2-2.7,3.9-4.5,5.3c6.9,2.5,14.6,0.2,17.1-3.5c3.1-4.7-0.7-13.7-0.7-13.7C50.8,11.9,47,7.9,41.3,5.6C30,1,17.1,6.5,12.5,17.9C8,29.2,13.5,42.1,24.8,46.7c1.7,0.7,3.4,1.1,5.1,1.4L31.5,64h2.8l1.5-15.9c7.7-1,14.7-6,17.8-13.7c0,0,0,0,0,0C48.4,37.6,40.5,39.7,32.5,36.4z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M77.4,53.9c-2.3,0-3.8-0.7-4.4-1c-0.3-0.6-0.7-2.6-0.8-3.9c0.1-0.2,0.6-0.3,0.7-0.1c0.4,1.4,1.6,4.2,4.8,4.2c2.3,0,3.5-1.5,3.5-3.2c0-1.2-0.3-2.6-2.3-3.9l-2.7-1.7c-1.4-0.9-3-2.5-3-4.8c0-2.7,2.1-4.8,5.7-4.8c0.9,0,1.9,0.2,2.6,0.4c0.4,0.1,0.8,0.2,1,0.2c0.3,0.7,0.5,2.2,0.5,3.4c-0.1,0.2-0.6,0.3-0.7,0.1c-0.4-1.3-1.1-3.2-3.8-3.2c-2.7,0-3.3,1.8-3.3,3.1c0,1.6,1.3,2.8,2.4,3.4l2.2,1.4c1.8,1.1,3.5,2.7,3.5,5.4C83.3,51.8,81,53.9,77.4,53.9z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M88.1,46.3c-0.7,0-0.8,0.1-0.8,0.8c0,2.8,1.6,5.2,4.6,5.2c0.9,0,1.7-0.3,2.6-1.4c0.3-0.1,0.5,0.1,0.5,0.3c-0.9,1.9-2.9,2.6-4.4,2.6c-1.8,0-3.2-0.8-4-1.8c-0.8-1.1-1.2-2.4-1.2-3.6c0-3.4,2.3-6.3,5.6-6.3c2.4,0,4,1.6,4,3.3c0,0.4-0.1,0.6-0.1,0.7c-0.1,0.2-0.5,0.2-1.6,0.2H88.1z M89.8,45.4c2.1,0,2.7-0.1,2.9-0.3c0.1-0.1,0.2-0.2,0.2-0.5c0-0.8-0.5-1.8-2.2-1.8c-1.6,0-3.1,1.5-3.1,2.4c0,0.1,0,0.1,0.2,0.1H89.8z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M102.1,47.7c0.4-0.1,0.5-0.4,0.5-0.8l0-1.3c0-1-0.3-2.4-2-2.4c-0.8,0-1.7,0.4-1.8,1.3c0,0.4-0.1,0.8-0.3,0.9c-0.4,0.3-1.2,0.5-1.6,0.5c-0.3,0-0.4-0.1-0.4-0.4c0-1.5,3.2-3.4,5.2-3.4c2,0,3,1.2,2.9,3.3l-0.2,4.9c-0.1,1.3,0.2,2.4,1.3,2.4c0.3,0,0.5-0.1,0.7-0.2c0.1-0.1,0.3-0.2,0.4-0.2c0.1,0,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.4c0,0.1-1,1.2-2.3,1.2c-0.7,0-1.3-0.3-1.8-0.9c-0.1-0.2-0.3-0.4-0.4-0.4c-0.2,0-0.5,0.3-1.1,0.6c-0.6,0.3-1.2,0.7-2,0.7c-0.8,0-1.5-0.2-2-0.6c-0.5-0.5-0.9-1.2-0.9-2c0-1.1,0.5-1.7,2.3-2.4L102.1,47.7z M100.4,52.6c0.6,0,1.4-0.4,1.7-0.7c0.3-0.3,0.3-0.7,0.4-1.3l0.1-1.6c0-0.3-0.1-0.4-0.3-0.4c-0.2,0-0.6,0.1-1.1,0.3c-1.6,0.6-2.5,1-2.5,2.1C98.7,51.4,99,52.6,100.4,52.6z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M109.5,45.4c0-1.1,0-1.2-0.8-1.7l-0.3-0.2c-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.4,0-0.5c0.6-0.2,2.1-0.9,2.8-1.4c0.1,0,0.2,0.1,0.2,0.2v1.6c0,0.1,0,0.2,0.1,0.3c1-0.8,2-1.7,3.1-1.7c0.7,0,1.3,0.4,1.3,1.1c0,0.9-0.8,1.3-1.2,1.3c-0.3,0-0.4-0.1-0.6-0.2c-0.4-0.3-0.8-0.4-1.2-0.4c-0.4,0-0.8,0.3-1,0.6c-0.3,0.4-0.4,1.2-0.4,2.2v3.8c0,2,0.1,2.3,1.1,2.4l1,0.1c0.2,0.1,0.1,0.6-0.1,0.7c-1.3-0.1-2.1-0.1-3.1-0.1c-1,0-1.8,0-2.6,0.1c-0.2-0.1-0.3-0.6-0.1-0.7l0.5-0.1c1-0.2,1.1-0.4,1.1-2.4V45.4z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M126.2,42.5c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.4,1.1c0,0.5-0.3,1-0.6,1c-0.1,0-0.3-0.1-0.4-0.2c-0.6-0.8-1.6-1.5-2.8-1.5c-2,0-3.9,1.5-3.9,4.5c0,2.2,1.5,4.8,4.5,4.8c1.6,0,2.5-0.7,3.1-1.7c0.2-0.1,0.5,0.1,0.5,0.4c-0.9,2.1-3,2.8-4.7,2.8c-1.5,0-2.8-0.5-3.8-1.4c-1-0.9-1.6-2.3-1.6-4.1c0-3,2.1-6.2,6.8-6.2C124.3,42,125.4,42.2,126.2,42.5z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M129.5,37.7c0-1.6,0-1.8-0.9-2.3l-0.3-0.2c-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.5,0-0.6c0.7-0.2,2-0.6,3-1.2c0.1,0,0.2,0.1,0.3,0.2c0,0.8-0.1,2.2-0.1,3.5V43c0,0.3,0,0.5,0.1,0.5c1-0.8,2.3-1.5,3.8-1.5c2.7,0,3.6,1.6,3.6,3.6v4.7c0,2,0.1,2.3,1.1,2.4l0.8,0.1c0.2,0.1,0.1,0.6-0.1,0.7c-1-0.1-1.8-0.1-2.8-0.1c-1,0-1.8,0-2.6,0.1c-0.2-0.1-0.3-0.6-0.1-0.7l0.6-0.1c1-0.2,1.1-0.4,1.1-2.4v-4c0-1.8-0.9-3-2.7-3c-0.9,0-1.7,0.3-2.2,0.8c-0.5,0.4-0.6,0.6-0.6,1.5v4.7c0,2,0.1,2.3,1.1,2.4l0.6,0.1c0.2,0.1,0.1,0.6-0.1,0.7c-0.8-0.1-1.6-0.1-2.6-0.1c-1,0-1.8,0-2.7,0.1c-0.2-0.1-0.3-0.6-0.1-0.7l0.7-0.1c1-0.1,1.1-0.4,1.1-2.4V37.7z"/> </symbol> </defs> </svg> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Calenda - Colonizar y descolonizar: las relaciones Europa-África en los siglos XIX y XX