The evolution of field galaxies: is 惟 = 1?

<!DOCTYPE html>     <html class="no-js" lang="en">  <head> <title>The evolution of field galaxies: is 惟 = 1? - ADS</title>  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//styles/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="//styles/favicon/favicon-32x32.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="//styles/favicon/favicon-16x16.png" /> <link rel="manifest" href="//styles/favicon/site.webmanifest" /> <link rel="mask-icon" href="//styles/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="ADS" /> <meta name="application-name" content="ADS" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffc40d" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" />   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NT2453N');</script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/css/styles.css"> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive"> <link rel="canonical" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990ASPC...10..268K/abstract"/> <meta name="description" content="Recent optical observations of the counts, colors, and redshifts of very faint field galaxies have forced a major turning point in the study of the evolution of faint galaxies. In particular, independent counts of faint galaxies are so high that low density (low 惟) universes are strongly favored with reasonable models of the luminosity evolution of distant galaxies. The major conclusion is that a high density (惟 = 1) Friedmann universe can be salvaged only if the assumption of the conservation of co-moving volume number density of galaxies is droppped, presumably because of significant merging of luminous galaxies at high redshifts. The author explores the effects on number counts and redshifts distributions of several simple parametric descriptions of the evolution of number density, luminosity, and shape of the faint end of the luminosity function. Existing redshift surveys are already deep enough to provide powerful constraints on feasible values of these parameters in a high-density universe.">  <meta property="og:type" content="inproceedings"> <meta property="og:title" content="The evolution of field galaxies: is 惟 = 1?"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="ADS"> <meta property="og:description" content="Recent optical observations of the counts, colors, and redshifts of very faint field galaxies have forced a major turning point in the study of the evolution of faint galaxies. In particular, independent counts of faint galaxies are so high that low density (low 惟) universes are strongly favored with reasonable models of the luminosity evolution of distant galaxies. The major conclusion is that a high density (惟 = 1) Friedmann universe can be salvaged only if the assumption of the conservation of co-moving volume number density of galaxies is droppped, presumably because of significant merging of luminous galaxies at high redshifts. The author explores the effects on number counts and redshifts distributions of several simple parametric descriptions of the evolution of number density, luminosity, and shape of the faint end of the luminosity function. Existing redshift surveys are already deep enough to provide powerful constraints on feasible values of these parameters in a high-density universe."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990ASPC...10..268K/abstract"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/styles/img/transparent_logo.svg"> <meta property="article:published_time" content="1990"> <meta property="article:author" content="Koo, David C.">  <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Evolution of the Universe of Galaxies"> <meta name="citation_authors" content="Koo, David C."> <meta name="citation_title" content="The evolution of field galaxies: is 惟 = 1?"> <meta name="citation_date" content="1990"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="10"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="268"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1050-3390"> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Faint Objects"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Galactic Evolution"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Space Density"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Charge Coupled Devices"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Color"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Red Shift"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Astrophysics"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Cosmology: Faint Galaxies"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Cosmology: Field Galaxies"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Cosmology: Friedmann Universe"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990ASPC...10..268K/abstract"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="1990"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="285" /> <link title="schema(PRISM)" rel="schema.prism" href="http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/1.2/basic/" /> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="1990" /> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="ASPC" /> <meta name="prism.issn" content="1050-3390" /> <meta name="prism.volume" content="10" /> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="268" /> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="285" /> <link title="schema(DC)" rel="schema.dc" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="dc.date" content="1990" /> <meta name="dc.source" content="ASPC" /> <meta name="dc.title" content="The evolution of field galaxies: is 惟 = 1?" /> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Koo, David C.">  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Recent optical observations of the counts, colors, and redshifts of very faint field galaxies have forced a major turning point in the study of the evolution of faint galaxies. In particular, independent counts of faint galaxies are so high that low density (low 惟) universes are strongly favored with reasonable models of the luminosity evolution of distant galaxies. The major conclusion is that a high density (惟 = 1) Friedmann universe can be salvaged only if the assumption of the conservation of co-moving volume number density of galaxies is droppped, presumably because of significant merging of luminous galaxies at high redshifts. The author explores the effects on number counts and redshifts distributions of several simple parametric descriptions of the evolution of number density, luminosity, and shape of the faint end of the luminosity function. 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// Add class "autocomplete-active": x[currentFocus].classList.add("autocomplete-active"); } function removeActive(x) { // Remove the "active" class from all autocomplete items: for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) { x[i].classList.remove("autocomplete-active"); } } function closeAllLists(elmnt) { // Close all autocomplete lists in the document, except the one passed as an argument: var x = document.getElementsByClassName("autocomplete-items"); for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) { if (elmnt != x[i] && elmnt != searchBox) { x[i].parentNode.removeChild(x[i]); } } } // Any other clicks in the document: document.addEventListener("click", function (e) { closeAllLists(e.target); }); } var autoList = [ { value: 'author:""', label: 'Author', match: 'author:"' }, { value: 'author:"^"', label: 'First Author', match: 'first author' }, { value: 'author:"^"', label: 'First Author', match: 'author:"^' }, { value: 'bibcode:""', label: 'Bibcode', desc: 'e.g. bibcode:1989ApJ...342L..71R', match: 'bibcode:"' }, { value: 'bibstem:""', label: 'Publication', desc: 'e.g. bibstem:ApJ', match: 'bibstem:"' }, { value: 'bibstem:""', label: 'Publication', desc: 'e.g. bibstem:ApJ', match: 'publication (bibstem)' }, { value: 'arXiv:', label: 'arXiv ID', match: 'arxiv:' }, { value: 'doi:', label: 'DOI', match: 'doi:' }, { value: 'full:""', label: 'Full text search', desc: 'title, abstract, and body', match: 'full:' }, { value: 'full:""', label: 'Full text search', desc: 'title, abstract, and body', match: 'fulltext' }, { value: 'full:""', label: 'Full text search', desc: 'title, abstract, and body', match: 'text' }, { value: 'year:', label: 'Year', match: 'year' }, { value: 'year:1999-2005', label: 'Year Range', desc: 'e.g. 1999-2005', match: 'year range' }, { value: 'aff:""', label: 'Affiliation', match: 'aff:' }, { value: 'abs:""', label: 'Search abstract + title + keywords', match: 'abs:' }, { value: 'database:astronomy', label: 'Limit to papers in the astronomy database', match: 'database:astronomy' }, { value: 'database:physics', label: 'Limit to papers in the physics database', match: 'database:physics' }, { value: 'title:""', label: 'Title', match: 'title:"' }, { value: 'orcid:', label: 'ORCiD identifier', match: 'orcid:' }, { value: 'object:', label: 'SIMBAD object (e.g. object:LMC)', match: 'object:' }, { value: 'property:refereed', label: 'Limit to refereed', desc: '(property:refereed)', match: 'refereed' }, { value: 'property:refereed', label: 'Limit to refereed', desc: '(property:refereed)', match: 'property:refereed' }, { value: 'property:notrefereed', label: 'Limit to non-refereed', desc: '(property:notrefereed)', match: 'property:notrefereed' }, { value: 'property:notrefereed', label: 'Limit to non-refereed', desc: '(property:notrefereed)', match: 'notrefereed' }, { value: 'property:eprint', label: 'Limit to eprints', desc: '(property:eprint)', match: 'eprint' }, { value: 'property:eprint', label: 'Limit to eprints', desc: '(property:eprint)', match: 'property:eprint' }, { value: 'property:openaccess', label: 'Limit to open access', desc: '(property:openaccess)', match: 'property:openaccess' }, { value: 'property:openaccess', label: 'Limit to open access', desc: '(property:openaccess)', match: 'openaccess' }, { value: 'doctype:software', label: 'Limit to software', desc: '(doctype:software)', match: 'software' }, { value: 'doctype:software', label: 'Limit to software', desc: '(doctype:software)', match: 'doctype:software' }, { value: 'property:inproceedings', label: 'Limit to papers in conference proceedings', desc: '(property:inproceedings)', match: 'proceedings' }, { value: 'property:inproceedings', label: 'Limit to papers in conference proceedings', desc: '(property:inproceedings)', match: 'property:inproceedings' }, { value: 'citations()', label: 'Citations', desc: 'Get papers citing your search result set', match: 'citations(' }, { value: 'references()', label: 'References', desc: 'Get papers referenced by your search result set', match: 'references(' }, { value: 'trending()', label: 'Trending', desc: 'Get papers most read by users who recently read your search result set', match: 'trending(' }, { value: 'reviews()', label: 'Review Articles', desc: 'Get most relevant papers that cite your search result set', match: 'reviews(' }, { value: 'useful()', label: 'Useful', desc: 'Get papers most frequently cited by your search result set', match: 'useful(' }, { value: 'similar()', label: 'Similar', desc: 'Get papers that have similar full text to your search result set', match: 'similar(' }, ]; // initiate the autocomplete function on the "q" element, and pass along the operators array as possible autocomplete values: inputBox = document.getElementById("q") if (inputBox) { inputBox.focus() // autofucs inputBox.setSelectionRange(inputBox.value.length, inputBox.value.length); // bring cursor to the end autocomplete(inputBox, autoList); } </script> <script> (function() { // turn off no-js if we have javascript document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace("no-js", "js"); function getCookie(cname) { var name = cname + "="; var decodedCookie = decodeURIComponent(document.cookie); var ca = decodedCookie.split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < ca.length; i++) { var c = ca[i]; while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') { c = c.substring(1); } if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) { return c.substring(name.length, c.length); } } return ""; } (function() { // looks for the cookie, and sets true if its 'always' const coreCookie = getCookie('core') === 'always'; // only load bumblebee if we detect the core cookie and we are on abstract page if (coreCookie || (!(/^\/abs\//.test(document.location.pathname)) && !coreCookie)) { return; 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