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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schemas_and_schema_documents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schemas_and_schema_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Schemas and schema documents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schemas_and_schema_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schema_components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schema_components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Schema components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schema_components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Schema-Validation_Infoset" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Schema-Validation_Infoset"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Post-Schema-Validation Infoset</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Schema-Validation_Infoset-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_uses_for_XML_Schemas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_uses_for_XML_Schemas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Secondary uses for XML Schemas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Secondary_uses_for_XML_Schemas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Secondary uses for XML Schemas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Secondary_uses_for_XML_Schemas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Code_generation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Code_generation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Code generation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Code_generation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Generation_of_XML_file_structure_documentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generation_of_XML_file_structure_documentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Generation of XML file structure documentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generation_of_XML_file_structure_documentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Version_1.1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_1.1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Version 1.1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Version_1.1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">XML Schema (W3C)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML-skemo" title="XML-skemo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="XML-skemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4%EB%A7%88_(W3C)" title="XML 스키마 (W3C) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="XML 스키마 (W3C)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSD" title="XSD – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="XSD" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSD" title="XSD – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="XSD" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML-skjema" title="XML-skjema – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="XML-skjema" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="XML Schema (W3C)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML-schema" title="XML-schema – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="XML-schema" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSD" title="XSD – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="XSD" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="XML Schema (W3C)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="XML Schema" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">W3C XML schema language</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"XSD" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/XSD_(airport)" class="mw-redirect" title="XSD (airport)">XSD (airport)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">XML Schema (W3C)</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> .xsd</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><div class="monospaced"> application/xml, text/xml</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/XML_schema#XML_schema_languages" title="XML schema">XML Schema language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Extended from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">Standard</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/">1.0, Part 1 Structures (Recommendation)</a>,<br /> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/">1.0, Part 2 Datatypes (Recommendation)</a>,<br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-1/">1.1, Part 1 Structures (Recommendation)</a>,<br /> </p> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/">1.1, Part 2 Datatypes (Recommendation)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>XSD</b> (<b>XML Schema Definition</b>), a recommendation of the World Wide Web Consortium (<a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>), specifies how to formally describe the elements in an Extensible Markup Language (<a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>) document. It can be used by programmers to verify each piece of item content in a document, to assure it adheres to the description of the element it is placed in.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like all <a href="/wiki/XML_schema" title="XML schema">XML schema languages</a>, XSD can be used to express a set of rules to which an XML document must conform to be considered "valid" according to that schema. However, unlike most other schema languages, XSD was also designed with the intent that determination of a document's validity would produce a collection of information adhering to specific <a href="/wiki/Data_type" title="Data type">data types</a>. Such a post-validation <i><a href="/wiki/XML_Information_Set" title="XML Information Set">infoset</a></i> can be useful in the development of XML document processing software. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Schema_(W3C)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>XML Schema</b>, published as a <a href="/wiki/W3C_recommendation" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C recommendation">W3C recommendation</a> in May 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of several <a href="/wiki/XML_schema" title="XML schema">XML schema languages</a>. It was the first separate schema language for <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> to achieve Recommendation status by the W3C. Because of confusion between XML Schema as a specific W3C specification, and the use of the same term to describe schema languages in general, some parts of the user community referred to this language as <b>WXS</b>, an initialism for W3C XML Schema, while others referred to it as <b>XSD</b>, an initialism for XML Schema Definition.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Version 1.1 the W3C has chosen to adopt XSD as the preferred name, and that is the name used in this article. </p><p>In its appendix of references, the XSD specification acknowledges the influence of <a href="/wiki/Document_Type_Definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Document Type Definition">DTDs</a> and other early XML schema efforts such as <a href="/wiki/DDML" class="mw-redirect" title="DDML">DDML</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schema_for_Object-Oriented_XML" title="Schema for Object-Oriented XML">SOX</a>, XML-Data, and <a href="/wiki/XDR_Schema" title="XDR Schema">XDR</a>. It has adopted features from each of these proposals but is also a compromise among them. Of those languages, XDR and SOX continued to be used and supported for a while after XML Schema was published. A number of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> products supported XDR until the release of <a href="/wiki/MSXML" title="MSXML">MSXML</a> 6.0 (which dropped XDR in favor of XML Schema) in December 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Commerce_One" title="Commerce One">Commerce One</a>, Inc. supported its SOX schema language until declaring bankruptcy in late 2004. </p><p>The most obvious features offered in XSD that are not available in XML's native <a href="/wiki/Document_Type_Definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Document Type Definition">Document Type Definitions</a> (DTDs) are <a href="/wiki/XML_Namespace" class="mw-redirect" title="XML Namespace">namespace</a> awareness and datatypes, that is, the ability to define element and attribute content as containing values such as integers and dates rather than arbitrary text. </p><p>The XSD 1.0 specification was originally published in 2001, with a second edition following in 2004 to correct large numbers of errors. XSD 1.1 became a <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#W3C_recommendation_(REC)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C Recommendation</a> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/News/2012#entry-9412">April 2012</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schemas_and_schema_documents">Schemas and schema documents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Schema_(W3C)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Schemas and schema documents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Technically, a <b>schema</b> is an abstract collection of metadata, consisting of a set of <b>schema components</b>: chiefly element and attribute declarations and complex and simple type definitions. These components are usually created by processing a collection of <b>schema documents</b>, which contain the source language definitions of these components. In popular usage, however, a schema document is often referred to as a schema. </p><p>Schema documents are organized by namespace: all the named schema components belong to a target namespace, and the target namespace is a property of the schema document as a whole. A schema document may <i>include</i> other schema documents for the same namespace, and may <i>import</i> schema documents for a different namespace. </p><p>When an instance document is validated against a schema (a process known as <i>assessment</i>), the schema to be used for validation can either be supplied as a parameter to the validation engine, or it can be referenced directly from the instance document using two special attributes, <code>xsi:schemaLocation</code> and <code>xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation</code>. (The latter mechanism requires the client invoking validation to trust the document sufficiently to know that it is being validated against the correct schema. "xsi" is the conventional prefix for the namespace "<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance</a>".) </p><p>XML Schema Documents usually have the filename extension ".xsd". A unique <a href="/wiki/Internet_media_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet media type">Internet Media Type</a> is not yet registered for XSDs, so "application/xml" or "text/xml" should be used, as per RFC 3023. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schema_components">Schema components</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Schema_(W3C)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Schema components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main components of a schema are: </p> <ul><li><b>Element declarations</b>, which define properties of elements. These include the element name and target namespace. An important property is the type of the element, which constrains what attributes and children the element can have. In XSD 1.1, the type of the element may be conditional on the values of its attributes. An element may belong to a substitution group; if element E is in the substitution group of element H, then wherever the schema permits H to appear, E may appear in its place. Elements may have integrity constraints: uniqueness constraints determining that particular values must be unique within the subtree rooted at an element, and referential constraints determining that values must match the identifier of some other element. Element declarations may be global or local, allowing the same name to be used for unrelated elements in different parts of an instance document.</li> <li><b>Attribute declarations</b>, which define properties of attributes. Again the properties include the attribute name and target namespace. The attribute type constrains the values that the attribute may take. An attribute declaration may also include a default value or a fixed value (which is then the only value the attribute may take.)</li> <li><b>Simple and complex types</b>. These are described in the following section.</li> <li><b>Model group</b> and <b>attribute group</b> definitions. These are essentially macros: named groups of elements and attributes that can be reused in many different type definitions.</li> <li>An <b>attribute use</b> represents the relationship of a complex type and an attribute declaration, and indicates whether the attribute is mandatory or optional when it is used in that type.</li> <li>An <b>element particle</b> similarly represents the relationship of a complex type and an element declaration, and indicates the minimum and maximum number of times the element may appear in the content. As well as element particles, content models can include <b>model group</b> particles, which act like non-terminals in a grammar: they define the choice and repetition units within the sequence of permitted elements. In addition, <b>wildcard</b> particles are allowed, which permit a set of different elements (perhaps any element provided it is in a certain namespace).</li></ul> <p>Other more specialized components include annotations, assertions, notations, and the <b>schema component</b> which contains information about the schema as a whole. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Schema_(W3C)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Simple types (also called data types) constrain the textual values that may appear in an element or attribute. This is one of the more significant ways in which XML Schema differs from DTDs. For example, an attribute might be constrained to hold only a valid date or a decimal number. </p><p>XSD provides a set of 19 <a href="/wiki/Primitive_data_type" title="Primitive data type">primitive data types</a> (<code>anyURI</code>, <code>base64Binary</code>, <code>boolean</code>, <code>date</code>, <code>dateTime</code>, <code>decimal</code>, <code>double</code>, <code>duration</code>, <code>float</code>, <code>hexBinary</code>, <code>gDay</code>, <code>gMonth</code>, <code>gMonthDay</code>, <code>gYear</code>, <code>gYearMonth</code>, <code>NOTATION</code>, <code>QName</code>, <code>string</code>, and <code>time</code>). It allows new data types to be constructed from these primitives by three mechanisms: </p> <ul><li>restriction (reducing the set of permitted values),</li> <li>list (allowing a sequence of values), and</li> <li>union (allowing a choice of values from several types).</li></ul> <p>Twenty-five derived types are defined within the specification itself, and further derived types can be defined by users in their own schemas. </p><p>The mechanisms available for restricting data types include the ability to specify minimum and maximum values, regular expressions, constraints on the length of strings, and constraints on the number of digits in decimal values. XSD 1.1 again adds assertions, the ability to specify an arbitrary constraint by means of an <a href="/wiki/XPath_2.0" title="XPath 2.0">XPath 2.0</a> expression. </p><p>Complex types describe the permitted content of an element, including its element and text children and its attributes. A complex type definition consists of a set of attribute uses and a content model. Varieties of content model include: </p> <ul><li>element-only content, in which no text may appear (other than whitespace, or text enclosed by a child element)</li> <li>simple content, in which text is allowed but child elements are not</li> <li>empty content, in which neither text nor child elements are allowed</li> <li>mixed content, which permits both elements and text to appear</li></ul> <p>A complex type can be derived from another complex type by restriction (disallowing some elements, attributes, or values that the base type permits) or by extension (allowing additional attributes and elements to appear). In XSD 1.1, a complex type may be constrained by assertions—<a href="/wiki/XPath_2.0" title="XPath 2.0">XPath 2.0</a> expressions evaluated against the content that must evaluate to true. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-Schema-Validation_Infoset">Post-Schema-Validation Infoset</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Schema_(W3C)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-Schema-Validation Infoset"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After XML Schema-based validation, it is possible to express an XML document's structure and content in terms of the <a href="/wiki/Data_model" title="Data model">data model</a> that was implicit during validation. The XML Schema data model includes: </p> <ul><li>The vocabulary (element and attribute names)</li> <li>The content model (relationships and structure)</li> <li>The data types</li></ul> <p>This collection of information is called the Post-Schema-Validation Infoset (PSVI). The PSVI gives a valid XML document its "type" and facilitates treating the document as an object, using <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a> (OOP) paradigms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secondary_uses_for_XML_Schemas">Secondary uses for XML Schemas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Schema_(W3C)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Secondary uses for XML Schemas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary reason for defining an XML schema is to formally describe an XML document; however the resulting schema has a number of other uses that go beyond simple validation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Code_generation">Code generation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Schema_(W3C)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Code generation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The schema can be used to generate code, referred to as <a href="/wiki/XML_Data_Binding" class="mw-redirect" title="XML Data Binding">XML Data Binding</a>. This code allows contents of XML documents to be treated as objects within the programming environment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generation_of_XML_file_structure_documentation">Generation of XML file structure documentation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Schema_(W3C)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Generation of XML file structure documentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The schema can be used to generate human-readable documentation of an XML file structure; this is especially useful where the authors have made use of the annotation elements. No formal standard exists for documentation generation, but a number of tools are available, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xs3p&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xs3p (page does not exist)">Xs3p</a> stylesheet, that will produce high-quality readable HTML and printed material. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Schema_(W3C)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although XML Schema is successful in that it has been widely adopted and largely achieves what it set out to, it has been the subject of a great deal of severe criticism, perhaps more so than any other W3C Recommendation. Good summaries of the criticisms are provided by James Clark,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anders Møller and Michael Schwartzbach,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rick Jelliffe<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and David Webber.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General problems: </p> <ul><li>It is too complicated (the spec is several hundred pages in a very technical language), so it is hard to use by non-experts—but many non-experts need schemas to describe data formats. The W3C Recommendation itself is extremely difficult to read. Most users find <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/">W3Cs XML Schema Primer</a> much easier to understand.</li> <li>XSD lacks any formal mathematical specification. (This makes it difficult to reason about schemas, for example to prove that a modification to a schema is backwards compatible.)</li> <li>There are many surprises in the language, for example that restriction of elements works differently from restriction of attributes.</li></ul> <p>Practical limitations of expressibility: </p> <ul><li>XSD offers very weak support for unordered content.</li> <li>XSD cannot require a specific <i>root element</i> (so extra information is required to validate even the simplest documents).</li> <li>When describing <i>mixed content</i>, the character data cannot be constrained in any way (not even a set of valid characters can be specified).</li> <li><i>Content and attribute declarations cannot depend on attributes or element context</i> (this was also listed as a central problem of DTD).</li> <li>It is <i>not 100% self-describing</i> (as a trivial example, see the previous point), even though that was an initial design requirement.</li> <li><i>Defaults</i> cannot be specified separately from the declarations (this makes it hard to make families of schemas that only differ in the default values); <i>element defaults</i> can only be character data (not containing markup).</li></ul> <p>Technical problems: </p> <ul><li>Although it technically is namespace-conformant, it does not seem to follow the namespace spirit (e.g. "unqualified locals").</li> <li>XSD 1.0 provided no facilities to state that the value or presence of one attribute is dependent on the values or presence of other attributes (so-called <i>co-occurrence constraints</i>). This has been fixed in XSD 1.1.</li> <li>The set of XSD datatypes on offer is highly arbitrary.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>The two tasks of validation and augmentation (adding type information and default values) should be kept separate.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Version_1.1">Version 1.1</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Schema_(W3C)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Version 1.1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XSD 1.1 became a <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#W3C_recommendation_(REC)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C Recommendation</a> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/News/2012#entry-9412">April 2012</a>, which means it is an approved W3C specification. </p><p>Significant new features in XSD 1.1 are: </p> <ul><li>The ability to define assertions against the document content by means of <a href="/wiki/XPath_2.0" title="XPath 2.0">XPath 2.0</a> expressions (an idea borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Schematron" title="Schematron">Schematron</a>).</li> <li>The ability to select the type against which an element will be validated based on the values of the element's attributes ("conditional type assignment").</li> <li>Relaxing the rules whereby explicit elements in a content model must not match wildcards also allowed by the model.</li> <li>The ability to specify wildcards (for both elements and attributes) that apply to all types in the schema, so that they all implement the same extensibility policy.</li></ul> <p>Until the Proposed Recommendation draft, XSD 1.1 also proposed the addition of a new numeric data type, precisionDecimal. This proved controversial, and was therefore dropped from the specification at a late stage of development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Schema_(W3C)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_XML_schemas" title="List of types of XML schemas">List of types of XML schemas</a> – list of XML schemas in use on the Internet sorted by purpose</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">RELAX NG</a> – another XML schema language (an ISO international standard) that is often used with XSD datatypes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_editors" title="XML Schema editors">XML Schema editors</a> – Information about XSD Tools</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_schema_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="XML schema languages">XML schema languages</a> – Compares XSD to other XML schema languages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unique_Particle_Attribution" title="Unique Particle Attribution">Unique Particle Attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_model" title="Canonical model">Canonical model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON_Schema" class="mw-redirect" title="JSON Schema">JSON schema</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Schema_(W3C)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/XSD">Definition XSD (XML Schema Definition)</a>" TechTarget, retrieved 10 June 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dblab.ntua.gr/~bikakis/XML%20and%20Semantic%20Web%20W3C%20Standards%20Timeline-History.pdf">"XML and Semantic Web W3C Standards Timeline"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2012-02-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XML+and+Semantic+Web+W3C+Standards+Timeline&rft.date=2012-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dblab.ntua.gr%2F~bikakis%2FXML%2520and%2520Semantic%2520Web%2520W3C%2520Standards%2520Timeline-History.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXML+Schema+%28W3C%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/standards/xml/schema">Schema - W3C</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-1/">W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 1: Structures</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms761410%28v=VS.85%29.aspx">"Removal of XDR Schema Support in MSXML 6.0"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Removal+of+XDR+Schema+Support+in+MSXML+6.0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fms761410%2528v%3DVS.85%2529.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXML+Schema+%28W3C%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(XML_expert)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Clark (XML expert)">James Clark</a> summary of <i>XML Schema</i> criticisms, and promotion of <a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">RELAX NG</a> as an alternative, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316212413/http://www.imc.org/ietf-xml-use/mail-archive/msg00217.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20150316212413/http://www.imc.org/ietf-xml-use/mail-archive/msg00217.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anders Møller and Michael I. Schwartzbach presents "Problems with XML Schema", <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://cs.au.dk/~amoeller/XML/schemas/xmlschema-problems.html">http://cs.au.dk/~amoeller/XML/schemas/xmlschema-problems.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rick_Jelliffe" title="Rick Jelliffe">Rick Jelliffe</a> critique in May 2009, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090516232816/http://broadcast.oreilly.com/2009/05/w3c-please-put-xsd-11-on-hold.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20090516232816/http://broadcast.oreilly.com/2009/05/w3c-please-put-xsd-11-on-hold.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_Webber_(computer_scientist)" title="David Webber (computer scientist)">David Webber</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/29164/White%20Paper%20on%20CAM%20and%20XSD.pdf">Draft White Paper on CAM v1.1 and XSD Schema V1.1 Insights</a>", September 1, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> This point is amplified by Uche Ogbuji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.oreilly.com/pub/post/more_on_xml_class_warfare.html">More on XML class warfare - O'Reilly ONLamp Blog</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Schema_(W3C)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Definitive XML Schema</i>, Priscilla Walmsley, Prentice-Hall, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-065567-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-065567-8">0-13-065567-8</a></li> <li><i>XML Schema</i>, Eric van der Vlist, O'Reilly, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-596-00252-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-596-00252-1">0-596-00252-1</a></li> <li><i>The XML Schema Companion</i>, Neil Bradley, Addison-Wesley, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-13617-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-13617-9">0-321-13617-9</a></li> <li><i>Professional XML Schemas</i>, Jon Ducket et al., Wrox Press, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86100-547-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-86100-547-4">1-86100-547-4</a></li> <li><i>XML Schemas</i>, Lucinda Dykes et al., Sybex, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7821-4045-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7821-4045-9">0-7821-4045-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Schema_(W3C)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XML_Schema" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:XML Schema">XML Schema</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <p><b>W3C XML Schema 1.0 Specification</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/">XSD 1.0 Primer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/">XSD 1.0 Structures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/">XSD 1.0 Datatypes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema#Tools">Tools</a></li></ul> <p><b>W3C XML Schema 1.1 Specification</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-1/">XSD 1.1 Structures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/">XSD 1.1 Datatypes</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dblab.ntua.gr/~bikakis/SPARQL2XQuery.html">SPARQL2XQuery</a> Transform XML Schema to OWL. Map XML Schemas and OWL-RDF/S ontologies.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Wide_Web_Consortium_(W3C)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:W3C_standards" title="Template:W3C standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:W3C_standards" title="Template talk:W3C standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:W3C_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:W3C standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Wide_Web_Consortium_(W3C)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and<br />standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#W3C_recommendation_(REC)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">Recommendations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub">ActivityPub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activity_Streams_(format)" title="Activity Streams (format)">Activity Streams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAI-ARIA" title="WAI-ARIA">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_XML" title="Canonical XML">Canonical XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_Document_Format" title="Compound Document Format">CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS_animations" title="CSS animations">Animations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Flexible_Box_Layout" title="CSS Flexible Box Layout">Flexbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_grid_layout" title="CSS grid layout">Grid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient_XML_Interchange" title="Efficient XML Interchange">EXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_Markup_Language" title="Emotion Markup Language">EmotionML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalization_Tag_Set" title="Internationalization Tag Set">ITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linked_Data_Notifications" title="Linked Data Notifications">Linked Data Notifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MathML" title="MathML">MathML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropub_(protocol)" title="Micropub (protocol)">Micropub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_Lexicon_Specification" title="Pronunciation Lexicon Specification">PLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RDF_Schema" title="RDF Schema">Schema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Interpretation_for_Speech_Recognition" title="Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition">SISR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Knowledge_Organization_System" title="Simple Knowledge Organization System">SKOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_Multimedia_Integration_Language" title="Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language">SMIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP">SOAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Recognition_Grammar_Specification" title="Speech Recognition Grammar Specification">SRGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subresource_Integrity" title="Subresource Integrity">SRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Synthesis_Markup_Language" title="Speech Synthesis Markup Language">SSML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SVG_filter_effects" title="SVG filter effects">Filter Effects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCXML" title="SCXML">SCXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHACL" title="SHACL">SHACL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timed_text" title="Timed text">Timed text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoiceXML" title="VoiceXML">VoiceXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Things" title="Web of Things">WoT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thing_Description" title="Thing Description">TD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Services_Description_Language" title="Web Services Description Language">WSDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webmention" title="Webmention">Webmention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSub" title="WebSub">WebSub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebVTT" title="WebVTT">WebVTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Open_Font_Format" title="Web Open Font Format">WOFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BRDFa" title="XHTML+RDFa">+RDFa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XML_Base" title="XML Base">Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Encryption" title="XML Encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Events" title="XML Events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Information_Set" title="XML Information Set">Information Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_namespace" title="XML namespace">Namespace</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Signature" title="XML Signature">Signature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XInclude" title="XInclude">XInclude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLink" title="XLink">XLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML-binary_Optimized_Packaging" title="XML-binary Optimized Packaging">XOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XPath_2.0" title="XPath 2.0">2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath_3" title="XPath 3">3.x</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPointer" title="XPointer">XPointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XProc" title="XProc">XProc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL" title="XSL">XSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL_Formatting_Objects" title="XSL Formatting Objects">XSL-FO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XSLT_elements" title="XSLT elements">elements</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IndieAuth" title="IndieAuth">IndieAuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAdES" title="XAdES">XAdES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBL" title="XBL">XBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BSMIL" title="XHTML+SMIL">XHTML+SMIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_User_Interface_Protocol" title="Extensible User Interface Protocol">XUP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#Working_draft_(WD)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">Working drafts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_Control_eXtensible_Markup_Language" title="Call Control eXtensible Markup Language">CCXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURIE" title="CURIE">CURIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">EME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InkML" title="InkML">InkML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">MSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_Interchange_Format" title="Rule Interchange Format">RIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMIL_Timesheets" title="SMIL Timesheets">SMIL Timesheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SXBL" title="SXBL">sXBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Forms_Description_Language" title="Extensible Forms Description Language">XFDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFrames" title="XFrames">XFrames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Markup Validation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Accessibility_Initiative" title="Web Accessibility Initiative">Web Accessibility Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Components" title="Web Components">Web Components</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deprecated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-HTML" class="mw-redirect" title="C-HTML">C-HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_Device_Markup_Language" title="Handheld Device Markup Language">HDML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_Style_Sheets" title="JavaScript Style Sheets">JSSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language">PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebPlatform.org" title="WebPlatform.org">WebPlatform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsoleted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P3P" title="P3P">P3P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BMathML%2BSVG" title="XHTML+MathML+SVG">XHTML+MathML+SVG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Foundation" title="World Wide Web Foundation">World Wide Web Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C_Advisory_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3C Advisory Board (page does not exist)">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3C Board (page does not exist)">Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Architecture_Group" title="Technical Architecture Group">TAG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Working groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Working_Group" title="CSS Working Group">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVG_Working_Group" title="SVG Working Group">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Authentication_Working_Group" title="Web Authentication Working Group">WebAuthn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community & business groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Improving_Web_Advertising_Business_Group" title="Improving Web Advertising Business Group">Web Advertising BG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a> CG</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Device_Description_Working_Group" title="W3C Device Description Working Group">Device Description</a> (DDWG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_Working_Group" title="HTML Working Group">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_MMI" title="W3C MMI">Multimodal Interaction Activity</a> (MMI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CERN_httpd" title="CERN httpd">CERN httpd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libwww" title="Libwww">Libwww</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Browsers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–98)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agora_(web_browser)" title="Agora (web browser)">Agora</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(web_browser)" title="Argo (web browser)">Argo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(browser/editor, 1996–2012)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Wide_Web_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="International World Wide Web Conference">International World Wide Web Conference</a> (IW3C) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Wide_Web_Conferences_Steering_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee">Steering Committee</a> (IW3C2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_International_Conference_on_the_World-Wide_Web" title="First International Conference on the World-Wide Web">First conference</a> ("WWW1", 1994)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: 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