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removal</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: mercury (II) removal"> <meta name="keywords" content="mercury (II) removal"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="mercury (II) removal"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1751</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: mercury (II) removal</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1751</span> Mercury Removal Using Pseudomonas putida (ATTC 49128): Effect of Acclimatization Time, Speed, and Temperature of Incubator Shaker</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20M.%20Azoddein">A. A. M. Azoddein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M.%20Yunus"> R. M. Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20M.%20Sulaiman"> N. M. Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Bustary"> A. B. Bustary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sabar"> K. Sabar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microbes have been used to solve environmental problems for many years. The use microorganism to sequester, precipitate or alter the oxidation state of various heavy metals has been extensively studied. Processes by which microorganism interacts with toxic metal are very diverse. The purpose of this research is to remove the mercury using Pseudomonas putida, pure culture ATTC 49128 at optimum growth parameters such as techniques of culture, acclimatization time and speed of incubator shaker. Thus, in this study, the optimum growth parameters of P.putida were obtained to achieve the maximum of mercury removal. Based on the optimum parameters of Pseudomonas putida for specific growth rate, the removal of two different mercury concentration, 1 ppm and 4 ppm were studied. A mercury-resistant bacterial strain which is able to reduce ionic mercury to metallic mercury was used to reduce ionic mercury from mercury nitrate solution. The overall levels of mercury removal in this study were between 80% and 90%. The information obtained in this study is of fundamental for understanding of the survival of P.putida ATTC 49128 in mercury solution. Thus, microbial mercury environmental pollutants removal is a potential biological treatment for waste water treatment especially in petrochemical industries in Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pseudomonas%20putida" title="Pseudomonas putida">Pseudomonas putida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20kinetic" title=" growth kinetic"> growth kinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosorption" title=" biosorption"> biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrochemical%20waste%20water" title=" petrochemical waste water"> petrochemical waste water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19360/mercury-removal-using-pseudomonas-putida-attc-49128-effect-of-acclimatization-time-speed-and-temperature-of-incubator-shaker" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">667</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1750</span> The Effect of Bacteria on Mercury's Biological Removal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nastaran%20Soltani">Nastaran Soltani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals such as Mercury are toxic elements that enter the environment through different ways and endanger the environment, plants, animals, and humans’ health. Microbial activities reduce the amount of heavy metals. Therefore, an effective mechanism to eliminate heavy metals in the nature and factory slops, is using bacteria living in polluted areas. Karun River in Khuzestan Province in Iran has been always polluted by heavy metals as it is located among different industries in the region. This study was performed based on the data from sampling water and sediments of four stations across the river during the four seasons of a year. The isolation of resistant bacteria was performed through enrichment and direct cultivation in a solid medium containing mercury. Various bacteria such as Pseudomonas sp., Serratia Marcescens, and E.coli were identified as mercury-resistant bacteria. The power of these bacteria to remove mercury varied from 28% to 86%, with strongest power belonging to Pseudomonas sp. isolated in spring making a good candidate to be used for mercury biological removal from factory slops. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title="bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karun%20River" title=" Karun River"> Karun River</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20removal" title=" biological removal"> biological removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury-resistant" title=" mercury-resistant"> mercury-resistant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46736/the-effect-of-bacteria-on-mercurys-biological-removal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1749</span> Silver Nanoparticles Impregnated Zeolitic Composites: Effect of the Silver Loading on Adsorption of Mercury (II)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhandos%20Tauanov">Zhandos Tauanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhawal%20Shah"> Dhawal Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grigorios%20Itskos"> Grigorios Itskos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasileios%20Inglezakis"> Vasileios Inglezakis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Removal of mercury (II) from aqueous phase is of utmost importance, as it is highly toxic and hazardous to the environment and human health. One way of removal of mercury (II) ions from aqueous solutions is by using adsorbents derived from coal fly ash (CFA), such as synthetic zeolites. In this work, we present the hydrothermal production of synthetic zeolites from CFA with conversion rate of 75%. In order to produce silver containing nanocomposites, synthetic zeolites are subsequently impregnated with various amounts of silver nanoparticles, from 0.2 to 2wt.%. All produced zeolites and parent materials are characterized by XRD, XRF, BET, SEM, and TEM to obtain morphological and microstructural data. Moreover, mercury (II) ions removal from aqueous solutions with initial concentration of 10 ppm is studied. According to results, zeolites and Ag-nanocomposites demonstrate much higher removal than parent CFA (up to 98%). In addition to this, we could observe a distinct adsorption behavior depending on the loading of Ag NPs in nanocomposites. A possible reaction mechanism for both zeolites and Ag-nanocomposites is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20fly%20ash" title="coal fly ash">coal fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%20%28II%29%20removal" title=" mercury (II) removal"> mercury (II) removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title=" silver nanoparticles"> silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20zeolite" title=" synthetic zeolite"> synthetic zeolite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87756/silver-nanoparticles-impregnated-zeolitic-composites-effect-of-the-silver-loading-on-adsorption-of-mercury-ii" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1748</span> Development of Column-Filters of Sulfur Limonene Polysulfide to Mercury Removal from Contaminated Effluents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galo%20D.%20Soria">Galo D. Soria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenny%20S.%20Casame"> Jenny S. Casame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eddy%20F.%20Pazmino"> Eddy F. Pazmino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Ecuador, mining operations have significantly impacted water sources. Artisanal mining extensively relies in mercury amalgamation. Mercury is a neurotoxic substance even at low concentrations. The objective of this investigation is to exploit Hg-removal capacity of sulfur-limonene polysulfide (SLP), which is a low-cost polymer, in order to prepare granular media (sand) coated with SLP to be used in laboratory scale column-filtration systems. Preliminary results achieved 85% removal of Hg⁺⁺ from synthetic effluents using 20-cm length and 5-cm diameter columns at 119m/day average pore water velocity. During elution of the column, the SLP-coated sand indicated that Hg⁺⁺ is permanently fixed to the collector surface, in contrast, uncoated sand showed reversible retention in Hg⁺⁺ in the solid phase. Injection of 50 pore volumes decreased Hg⁺⁺ removal to 46%. Ongoing work has been focused in optimizing the synthesis of SLP and the polymer content in the porous media coating process to improve Hg⁺⁺ removal and extend the lifetime of the column-filter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column-filter" title="column-filter">column-filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining" title=" mining"> mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polysulfide" title=" polysulfide"> polysulfide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100888/development-of-column-filters-of-sulfur-limonene-polysulfide-to-mercury-removal-from-contaminated-effluents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1747</span> Development of Hybrid Materials Combining Biomass as Fique Fibers with Metal-Organic Frameworks, and Their Potential as Mercury Adsorbents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20G.%20Bastidas%20Gomez">Karen G. Bastidas Gomez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugo%20R.%20Zea%20Ramirez"> Hugo R. Zea Ramirez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuel%20F.%20Ribeiro%20Pereira"> Manuel F. Ribeiro Pereira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cesar%20A.%20Sierra%20Avila"> Cesar A. Sierra Avila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20A.%20Clavijo%20Morales"> Juan A. Clavijo Morales</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The contamination of water sources with heavy metals such as mercury has been an environmental problem; it has generated a high impact on the environment and human health. In countries such as Colombia, mercury contamination due to mining has reached levels much higher than the world average. This work proposes the use of fique fibers as adsorbent in mercury removal. The evaluation of the material was carried out under five different conditions (raw, pretreated by organosolv, functionalized by TEMPO oxidation, fiber functionalized plus MOF-199 and fiber functionalized plus MOF-199-SH). All the materials were characterized using FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRD, and TGA. Regarding the mercury removal, it was done under room pressure and temperature, also pH = 7 for all materials presentations, followed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The high cellulose content in fique is the main particularity of this lignocellulosic biomass since the degree of oxidation depends on the number of hydroxyl groups on the surface capable of oxidizing into carboxylic acids, a functional group capable of increasing ion exchange with mercury in solution. It was also expected that the impregnation of the MOF would increase the mercury removal; however, it was found that the functionalized fique achieved a greater percentage of removal, resulting in 81.33% of removal, 44% for the fique with the MOF-199 and 72% for the MOF-199-SH with. The pretreated fiber and raw also showed 74% and 56%, respectively, which indicates that fique does not require considerable modifications in its structure to achieve good performances. Even so, the functionalized fiber increases the percentage of removal considerably compared to the pretreated fique, which suggests that the functionalization process is a feasible procedure to apply with the purpose of improving the removal percentage. In addition, this is a procedure that follows a green approach since the reagents involved have low environmental impact, and the contribution to the remediation of natural resources is high. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title=" nanotechnology"> nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20materials" title=" science materials"> science materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment" title=" wastewater treatment"> wastewater treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123729/development-of-hybrid-materials-combining-biomass-as-fique-fibers-with-metal-organic-frameworks-and-their-potential-as-mercury-adsorbents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123729.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1746</span> Fly Ash Derived Zeolites as Potential Sorbents for Elemental Mercury Removal from Simulated Gas Stream</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Kunecki">Piotr Kunecki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdalena%20Wdowin"> Magdalena Wdowin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fly ash produced as waste in the process of conventional coal combustion was utilized in the hybrid synthesis of zeolites X and A from Faujasite (FAU) and Linde Type A (LTA) frameworks, respectively. The applied synthesis method included modification together with the crystallization stage. The sorbent modification was performed by introducing metals into the zeolite structure in order to create an ability to form stable bonds with elemental mercury (Hg0). The use of waste in the form of fly ash as a source of silicon and aluminum, as well as the proposed method of zeolite synthesis, fits the circular economy idea. The effect of zeolite modification on Hg0 removal from a simulated gas stream was studied empirically using prototype installation designed to test the effectiveness of sorption by solid-state sorbents. Both derived zeolites X and A modified with silver nitrate revealed significant mercury uptake during a 150-minute sorption experiment. The amount of elemental mercury removed in the experiment ranged from 5.69 to 6.01 µg Hg0/1g of sorbent for zeolites X and from 4.47 to 4.86 µg Hg0/1g of sorbent for zeolites A. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the sorbents towards mercury bonding, the possible re-emission effect was tested as well. Derived zeolites X and A did not show mercury re-emission after the sorption process, which confirms the stable bonding of Hg0 in the structure of synthesized zeolites. The proposed hybrid synthesis method possesses the potential to be implemented for both fly ash utilization as well as the time and energy-saving production of aluminosilicate, porous materials with high Hg0 removal efficiency. This research was supported by National Science Centre, Poland, grant no 2021/41/N/ST5/03214. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title="fly ash">fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20zeolites" title=" synthetic zeolites"> synthetic zeolites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elemental%20mercury%20removal" title=" elemental mercury removal"> elemental mercury removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sorption" title=" sorption"> sorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulated%20gas%20stream" title=" simulated gas stream"> simulated gas stream</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161119/fly-ash-derived-zeolites-as-potential-sorbents-for-elemental-mercury-removal-from-simulated-gas-stream" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1745</span> Tests and Comparison of Two Mobile Industrial Analytical Systems for Mercury Speciation in Flue Gas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karel%20Borovec">Karel Borovec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerzy%20Gorecki"> Jerzy Gorecki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadeas%20Ochodek"> Tadeas Ochodek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Combustion of solid fuels is one of the main sources of mercury in the environment. To reduce the amount of mercury emitted to the atmosphere, it is necessary to modify or optimize old purification technologies or introduce the new ones. Effective reduction of mercury level in the flue gas requires the use of speciation systems for mercury form determination. This paper describes tests and provides comparison of two industrial portable and continuous systems for mercury speciation in the flue gas: Durag HM-1400 TRX with a speciation module and the Portable Continuous Mercury Speciation System based on the SGM-8 mercury speciation set, made by Nippon Instruments Corporation. Additionally, the paper describes a few analytical problems that were encountered during a two-year period of using the systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20measurement" title="continuous measurement">continuous measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gas" title=" flue gas"> flue gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%20determination" title=" mercury determination"> mercury determination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speciation" title=" speciation"> speciation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78204/tests-and-comparison-of-two-mobile-industrial-analytical-systems-for-mercury-speciation-in-flue-gas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1744</span> Functionalized Nanoparticles as Sorbents for Removal of Toxic Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerina%20Majeed">Jerina Majeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayshree%20Ramkumar"> Jayshree Ramkumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chandramouleeswaran"> S. Chandramouleeswaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Tyagi"> A. K. Tyagi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Removal of various toxic species from aqueous streams is of great importance. Sorption is one of the important remediation procedures as it involves the use of cheap and easily available materials. Also the advantage of regeneration of the sorbent involves the possibility of using novel sorbents. Nanosorbents are very important as the removal is based on the surface phenomena and this is greatly affected by surface charge and area. Functionalization has been very important to bring about the removal of metal ions with greater selectivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title="mercury">mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead" title=" lead"> lead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thiol%20functionalization" title=" thiol functionalization"> thiol functionalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO%20NPs" title=" ZnO NPs "> ZnO NPs </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10832/functionalized-nanoparticles-as-sorbents-for-removal-of-toxic-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1743</span> Effects of Climate Change and Land Use, Land Cover Change on Atmospheric Mercury</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiliang%20Wu">Shiliang Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huanxin%20Zhang"> Huanxin Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mercury has been well-known for its negative effects on wildlife, public health as well as the ecosystem. Once emitted into atmosphere, mercury can be transformed into different forms or enter the ecosystem through dry deposition or wet deposition. Some fraction of the mercury will be reemitted back into the atmosphere and be subject to the same cycle. In addition, the relatively long lifetime of elemental mercury in the atmosphere enables it to be transported long distances from source regions to receptor regions. Global change such as climate change and land use/land cover change impose significant challenges for mercury pollution control besides the efforts to regulate mercury anthropogenic emissions. In this study, we use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to examine the potential impacts from changes in climate and land use/land cover on the global budget of mercury as well as its atmospheric transport, chemical transformation, and deposition. We carry out a suite of sensitivity model simulations to separate the impacts on atmospheric mercury associated with changes in climate and land use/land cover. Both climate change and land use/land cover change are found to have significant impacts on global mercury budget but through different pathways. Land use/land cover change primarily increase mercury dry deposition in northern mid-latitudes over continental regions and central Africa. Climate change enhances the mobilization of mercury from soil and ocean reservoir to the atmosphere. Also, dry deposition is enhanced over most continental areas while a change in future precipitation dominates the change in mercury wet deposition. We find that 2000-2050 climate change could increase the global atmospheric burden of mercury by 5% and mercury deposition by up to 40% in some regions. Changes in land use and land cover also increase mercury deposition over some continental regions, by up to 40%. The change in the lifetime of atmospheric mercury has important implications for long-range transport of mercury. Our case study shows that changes in climate and land use and cover could significantly affect the source-receptor relationships for mercury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title="mercury">mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic%20pollutant" title=" toxic pollutant"> toxic pollutant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20transport" title=" atmospheric transport"> atmospheric transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title=" deposition"> deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24245/effects-of-climate-change-and-land-use-land-cover-change-on-atmospheric-mercury" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1742</span> A Paper Based Sensor for Mercury Ion Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emine%20G.%20Cansu%20Ergun">Emine G. Cansu Ergun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conjugated system based sensors for selective detection of metal ions have been taking attention during last two decades. Fluorescent sensors are the promising candidates for ion detection due to their high selectivity towards metal ions, and rapid response times. Detection of mercury in an environmenet is important since mercury is a toxic element for human. Beyond the maximum allowable limit, mercury may cause serious problems in human health by spreading into the atmosphere, water and the food chain. In this study, a quinoxaline and 3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene based donor-acceptor-donor type conjugated molecule used as a fluorescent sensor for detecting the mercury ion in aqueous medium. Among other various cations, existence of mercury resulted in a full quenching of the fluorescence signal. Then, a paper based sensor is constructed and used for mercury detection. As a result it is concluded that the offering sensor is a good candidate for selective mercury detection in aqueous media both in solution and paper based forms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Conjugated%20molecules" title="Conjugated molecules ">Conjugated molecules </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence%20quenching" title=" fluorescence quenching"> fluorescence quenching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20ion%20detection" title=" metal ion detection "> metal ion detection </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensors" title=" sensors"> sensors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128523/a-paper-based-sensor-for-mercury-ion-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1741</span> Determination of Mercury in Gold Ores by CVAAS Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratna%20Siti%20Khodijah">Ratna Siti Khodijah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirzam%20Abdurrachman"> Mirzam Abdurrachman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gold is recovered from gold ores. Within the ores, there are not only gold but also several types of precious metals. Copper, silver, and platinum group elements (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, osmium, and iridium) are metals commonly found in the ores. These metals combine to form an ore because they have the same properties. It is due to their position in periodic-system-of-elements are near to gold. However, the presence of mercury in every gold ore has not been mentioned, even though it is located right next to gold in the periodic-system-of-elements and they are located in the same block, d-block. Thus, it is possible that mercury is contained in the ores. Moreover, the elements of the same group with mercury—zinc and cadmium—sometimes can be found in the ores. It is suspected that mercury can not be detected because the processing of gold ores usually using fire assay method. Before the ores melting, mercury would evaporate because it has the lowest boiling point of all precious metal in the ores. Therefore, it suggested doing research on the presence of mercury in gold ores by CVAAS method. The results of this study would obtain the amount of mercury in gold ores that should be purified. So it can be produced economically if possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boiling%20point" title="boiling point">boiling point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=d-block" title=" d-block"> d-block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20assay" title=" fire assay"> fire assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precious%20metal" title=" precious metal"> precious metal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72809/determination-of-mercury-in-gold-ores-by-cvaas-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1740</span> Assessment of Environmental Mercury Contamination from an Old Mercury Processing Plant 'Thor Chemicals' in Cato Ridge, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yohana%20Fessehazion">Yohana Fessehazion</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mercury is a prominent example of a heavy metal contaminant in the environment, and it has been extensively investigated for its potential health risk in humans and other organisms. In South Africa, massive mercury contamination happened in1980s when the England-based mercury reclamation processing plant relocated to Cato Ridge, KwaZulu-Natal Province, and discharged mercury waste into the Mngceweni River. This mercury waste discharge resulted in high mercury concentration that exceeded the acceptable levels in Mngceweni River, Umgeni River, and human hair of the nearby villagers. This environmental issue raised the alarm, and over the years, several environmental assessments were reported the dire environmental crises resulting from the Thor Chemicals (now known as Metallica Chemicals) and urged the immediate removal of the around 3,000 tons of mercury waste stored in the factory storage facility over two decades. Recently theft of some containers with the toxic substance from the Thor Chemicals warehouse and the subsequent fire that ravaged the facility furtherly put the factory on the spot escalating the urgency of left behind deadly mercury waste removal. This project aims to investigate the mercury contamination leaking from an old Thor Chemicals mercury processing plant. The focus will be on sediments, water, terrestrial plants, and aquatic weeds such as the prominent water hyacinth weeds in the nearby water systems of Mngceweni River, Umgeni River, and Inanda Dam as a bio-indicator and phytoremediator for mercury pollution. Samples will be collected in spring around October when the condition is favourable for microbial activity to methylate mercury incorporated in sediments and blooming season for some aquatic weeds, particularly water hyacinth. Samples of soil, sediment, water, terrestrial plant, and aquatic weed will be collected per sample site from the point of source (Thor Chemicals), Mngceweni River, Umgeni River, and the Inanda Dam. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests will be conducted to determine any significant differences in the Hg concentration among all sampling sites, followed by Least Significant Difference post hoc test to determine if mercury contamination varies with the gradient distance from the source point of pollution. The flow injection atomic spectrometry (FIAS) analysis will also be used to compare the mercury sequestration between the different plant tissues (roots and stems). The principal component analysis is also envisaged for use to determine the relationship between the source of mercury pollution and any of the sampling points (Umgeni and Mngceweni Rivers and the Inanda Dam). All the Hg values will be expressed in µg/L or µg/g in order to compare the result with the previous studies and regulatory standards. Sediments are expected to have relatively higher levels of Hg compared to the soils, and aquatic macrophytes, water hyacinth weeds are expected to accumulate a higher concentration of mercury than terrestrial plants and crops. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title="mercury">mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoremediation" title=" phytoremediation"> phytoremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thor%20chemicals" title=" Thor chemicals"> Thor chemicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20hyacinth" title=" water hyacinth"> water hyacinth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129820/assessment-of-environmental-mercury-contamination-from-an-old-mercury-processing-plant-thor-chemicals-in-cato-ridge-kwazulu-natal-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1739</span> Application of Acer velutinum for Absorbing Heavy Metal, Mercury, from the Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Armin%20Hashemi">Seyed Armin Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somayeh%20Rahimzadeh"> Somayeh Rahimzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One-year seedlings of Acer velutinum were provided from plantations and the solution of Mercuric chloride was developed in 20,40 and 60 mg/l concentrations, then this solution was added to the soil and the Acer velutinum were placed in a vase. Six months after seedlings’ growth, the leaf, stem and roots were separated. The results were investigated by variance analysis and Duncan test. The highest level of mercury accumulation in the organs of leaf, stem and root was 45.67, 40 and 55 mg/kg, respectively. According to the obtained results from this research, the velutinum species was appropriate for refining the soils contaminated by mercury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acer%20velutinum" title=" acer velutinum"> acer velutinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoremediation" title=" phytoremediation"> phytoremediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57819/application-of-acer-velutinum-for-absorbing-heavy-metal-mercury-from-the-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1738</span> Chronic Exposure of Mercury on Amino Acid Level in Freshwater Fish Clarias batrachus (Linn.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Josephine%20Rani">Mary Josephine Rani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Virtually all metals are toxic to aquatic organisms because of the devastating effect of these metals on humans; heavy metals are one of the most toxic forms of aquatic pollution. Metal concentrations in aquatic organisms appear to be of several magnitudes higher than concentrations present in the ecosystem. Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals in the environment. The principal sources of contamination in wastewater are chloralkali plants, battery factories, mercury switches, and medical wastes. Elevated levels of mercury in aquatic organisms specially fish represent both an ecological and human concern. Amino acid levels were estimated in five tissues (gills, liver, kidney, brain and muscle) of Clariasbatrachus after 28 days of chronic exposure to mercury. Free amino acids serve as precursor for energy production under stress and for the synthesis of required proteins to face the metal challenge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acids" title="amino acids">amino acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish" title=" fish"> fish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23927/chronic-exposure-of-mercury-on-amino-acid-level-in-freshwater-fish-clarias-batrachus-linn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1737</span> FTIR Characterization of EPS Ligands from Mercury Resistant Bacterial Isolate, Paenibacillus jamilae PKR1</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debajit%20Kalita">Debajit Kalita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Macmillan%20Nongkhlaw"> Macmillan Nongkhlaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20R.%20Joshi"> S. R. Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic heavy metal released both from naturally occurring volcanoes and anthropogenic activities like alkali and mining industries as well as biomedical wastes. Exposure to mercury is known to affect the nervous, gastrointestinal and renal systems. In the present study, a bacterial isolate identified using 16S rRNA marker as Paenibacillus jamilae PKR1 isolated from India’s largest sandstone-type uranium deposits, containing an average of 0.1% U3O8, was found to be resistance to Hg contamination under culture conditions. It showed strong hydrophobicity as revealed by SAT, MATH, PAT, SAA adherence assays. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the presence of hydroxyl, amino and carboxylic functional groups on the cell surface EPS which are known to contribute in the binding of metals. It is proposed that the characterized isolate tolerating up to 4.0mM of mercury provides scope for its application in bioremediation of mercury from contaminated sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title="mercury">mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Domiasiat" title=" Domiasiat"> Domiasiat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uranium" title=" uranium"> uranium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paenibacillus%20jamilae" title=" paenibacillus jamilae"> paenibacillus jamilae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobicity" title=" hydrophobicity"> hydrophobicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31677/ftir-characterization-of-eps-ligands-from-mercury-resistant-bacterial-isolate-paenibacillus-jamilae-pkr1" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1736</span> Pregnant Women with Dental Amalgam Fillings Limiting Their Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields to Prevent the Toxic Effects of Mercury in Their Fetuses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazal%20Mortazavi">Ghazal Mortazavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20J.%20Mortazavi"> S. M. J. Mortazavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although seems to be ultra-conservative, it has recently been suggested that whenever it is possible, pregnant women should postpone dental amalgam restorations to avoid the toxic effect of mercury on the foetus. Dental amalgam fillings cause significant exposure to elemental mercury vapour in the general population. Over the past several years, our lab has focused on the health effects of exposure of laboratory animals and humans to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as mobile phones and their base stations, mobile phone jammers, laptop computers, radars, dentistry cavitrons and MRI. Today, substantial evidence indicates that mercury even at low doses may lead to toxicity. Increased release of mercury from dental amalgam fillings after exposure to MRI or microwave radiation emitted by mobile phones has been previously shown by our team. Moreover, our recent studies on the effects of stronger magnetic fields entirely confirmed our previous findings. From the other point of view, we have also shown that papers which reported no increased release of mercury after MRI, may have some methodological flaws. As a strong positive correlation between maternal and cord blood mercury levels has been found in some studies, our findings regarding the effect of exposure to electromagnetic fields on the release of mercury from dental amalgam fillings lead us to this conclusion that pregnant women with dental amalgam fillings should limit their exposure to electromagnetic fields to prevent toxic effects of mercury in their foetuses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title="pregnancy">pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foetus" title=" foetus"> foetus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%20release" title=" mercury release"> mercury release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20amalgam" title=" dental amalgam"> dental amalgam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20fields" title=" electromagnetic fields"> electromagnetic fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRI" title=" MRI"> MRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20phones" title=" mobile phones"> mobile phones</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21149/pregnant-women-with-dental-amalgam-fillings-limiting-their-exposure-to-electromagnetic-fields-to-prevent-the-toxic-effects-of-mercury-in-their-fetuses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1735</span> Performance Evaluation and Kinetics of Artocarpus heterophyllus Seed for the Purification of Paint Industrial Wastewater by Coagulation-Flocculation Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ifeoma%20Maryjane%20Iloamaeke">Ifeoma Maryjane Iloamaeke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelvin%20Obazie"> Kelvin Obazie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mmesoma%20Offornze"> Mmesoma Offornze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiamaka%20Marysilvia%20Ifeaghalu"> Chiamaka Marysilvia Ifeaghalu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cecilia%20Aduaka"> Cecilia Aduaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugomma%20Chibuzo%20Onyeije"> Ugomma Chibuzo Onyeije</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudine%20Ifunanaya%20Ogu"> Claudine Ifunanaya Ogu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngozi%20Anastesia%20Okonkwo"> Ngozi Anastesia Okonkwo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work investigated the effects of pH, settling time, and coagulant dosages on the removal of color, turbidity, and heavy metals from paint industrial wastewater using the seed of Artocarpus heterophyllus (AH) by the coagulation-flocculation process. The paint effluent was physicochemically characterized, while AH coagulant was instrumentally characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A Jar test experiment was used for the coagulation-flocculation process. The result showed that paint effluent was polluted with color, turbidity (36000 NTU), mercury (1.392 mg/L), lead (0.252 mg/L), arsenic (1.236 mg/L), TSS (63.40mg/L), and COD (121.70 mg/L). The maximum color removal efficiency was 94.33% at the dosage of 0.2 g/L, pH 2 at a constant time of 50 mins, and 74.67% at constant pH 2, coagulant dosage of 0.2 g/L and 50 mins. The highest turbidity removal efficiency was 99.94% at 0.2 g/L and 50 mins at constant pH 2 and 96.66% at pH 2 and 0.2 g/L at constant time of 50 mins. The mercury removal efficiency of 99.29% was achieved at the optimal condition of 0.8 g/L coagulant dosage, pH 8, and constant time of 50 mins and 99.57% at coagulant dosage of 0.8 g/L, time of 50 mins constant pH 8. The highest lead removal efficiency was 99.76% at a coagulant dosage of 10 g/L, time of 40 mins at constant pH 10, and 96.53% at pH 10, coagulant dosage of 10 g/L and constant time of 40 mins. For arsenic, the removal efficiency is 75.24 % at 0.8 g/L coagulant dosage, time of 40 mins, and constant pH of 8. XRD imaging before treatment showed that Artocarpus heterophyllus coagulant was crystalline and changed to amorphous after treatment. The SEM and FTIR results of the AH coagulant and sludge suggested there were changes in the surface morphology and functional groups before and after treatment. The reaction kinetics were modeled best in the second order. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artocarpus%20heterophyllus" title="Artocarpus heterophyllus">Artocarpus heterophyllus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coagulation-flocculation" title=" coagulation-flocculation"> coagulation-flocculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coagulant%20dosages" title=" coagulant dosages"> coagulant dosages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=setting%20time" title=" setting time"> setting time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paint%20effluent" title=" paint effluent"> paint effluent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156420/performance-evaluation-and-kinetics-of-artocarpus-heterophyllus-seed-for-the-purification-of-paint-industrial-wastewater-by-coagulation-flocculation-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1734</span> Amelioration of Arsenic and Mercury Induced Vasoconstriction by Eugenol, Linalool and Carvone </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Kundu">Swati Kundu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seemi%20Farhat%20Basir"> Seemi Farhat Basir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luqman%20A.%20Khan"> Luqman A. Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acute and chronic exposure to arsenic and mercury is known to produce vasoconstriction. Pathways involved in this hypercontraction and their relative contribution are not understood. In this study, we measure agonist-induced contraction of isolated rat aorta exposed to arsenic and mercury aorta and delineate pathways mediating this effect. PE-induced hypercontraction of 37% and 32% was obtained with 25 µM As(III) and 6 nM Hg(II), respectively. Isometric contraction measurements in the presence of apocynin, verapamil and sodium nitroprusside indicates that the major cause of increased contraction is reactive oxygen species and depletion of nitric oxide. Calcium influx plays a minor role in both arsenic and mercury caused hypercontraction. In the unexposed aorta, eugenol causes relaxation by inhibiting ROS and elevating NO, linalool by blocking voltage dependent calcium channel (VDCC) and elevating NO, and carvone by blocking calcium influx through VDDC. Since arsenic and mercury caused hypercontraction is mediated by increased ROS and depletion of nitric oxide, we hypothesize that molecules which neutralize ROS or elevate NO will be better ameliorators. In line with this argument, we find eugenol to be the best ameliorator of arsenic and mercury hypercontraction followed by linalool and carvone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carvone" title="carvone">carvone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eugenol" title=" eugenol"> eugenol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linalool" title=" linalool"> linalool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37358/amelioration-of-arsenic-and-mercury-induced-vasoconstriction-by-eugenol-linalool-and-carvone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1733</span> Assessing Storage of Stability and Mercury Reduction of Freeze-Dried Pseudomonas putida within Different Types of Lyoprotectant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20M.%20Azoddein">A. A. M. Azoddein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Nuratri"> Y. Nuratri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Bustary"> A. B. Bustary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20A.%20M.%20Azli"> F. A. M. Azli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20C.%20Sayuti"> S. C. Sayuti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> is a potential strain in biological treatment to remove mercury contained in the effluent of petrochemical industry due to its mercury reductase enzyme that able to reduce ionic mercury to elementary mercury. Freeze-dried <em>P. putida </em>allows easy, inexpensive shipping, handling and high stability of the product. This study was aimed to freeze dry <em>P. putida </em>cells with addition of lyoprotectant. Lyoprotectant was added into the cells suspension prior to freezing. Dried <em>P. putida </em>obtained was then mixed with synthetic mercury. Viability of recovery <em>P. putida</em> after freeze dry was significantly influenced by the type of lyoprotectant. Among the lyoprotectants, tween 80/ sucrose was found to be the best lyoprotectant. Sucrose able to recover more than 78% (6.2E+09 CFU/ml) of the original cells (7.90E+09CFU/ml) after freeze dry and able to retain 5.40E+05 viable cells after 4 weeks storage in 4oC without vacuum. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) pre-treated freeze dry cells and broth pre-treated freeze dry cells after freeze-dry recovered more than 64% (5.0 E+09CFU/ml) and >0.1% (5.60E+07CFU/ml). Freeze-dried <em>P. putida</em> cells in PEG and broth cannot survive after 4 weeks storage. Freeze dry also does not really change the pattern of growth <em>P. putida</em> but extension of lag time was found 1 hour after 3 weeks of storage. Additional time was required for freeze-dried <em>P. putida</em> cells to recover before introduce freeze-dried cells to more complicated condition such as mercury solution. The maximum mercury reduction of PEG pre-treated freeze-dried cells after freeze dry and after storage 3 weeks was 56.78% and 17.91%. The maximum of mercury reduction of tween 80/sucrose pre-treated freeze-dried cells after freeze dry and after storage 3 weeks were 26.35% and 25.03%. Freeze dried <em>P. putida</em> was found to have lower mercury reduction compare to the fresh <em>P. putida</em> that has been growth in agar. Result from this study may be beneficial and useful as initial reference before commercialize freeze-dried <em>P. putida</em>. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pseudomonas%20putida" title="Pseudomonas putida">Pseudomonas putida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeze-dry" title=" freeze-dry"> freeze-dry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEG" title=" PEG"> PEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tween80%2FSucrose" title=" tween80/Sucrose"> tween80/Sucrose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20viability" title=" cell viability"> cell viability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38542/assessing-storage-of-stability-and-mercury-reduction-of-freeze-dried-pseudomonas-putida-within-different-types-of-lyoprotectant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1732</span> Valorization of Banana Peels for Mercury Removal in Environmental Realist Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Fabre">E. Fabre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Vale"> C. Vale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Pereira"> E. Pereira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20M.%20Silva"> C. M. Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Mercury is one of the most troublesome toxic metals responsible for the contamination of the aquatic systems due to its accumulation and bioamplification along the food chain. The 2030 agenda for sustainable development of United Nations promotes the improving of water quality by reducing water pollution and foments an enhance in wastewater treatment, encouraging their recycling and safe water reuse globally. Sorption processes are widely used in wastewater treatments due to their many advantages such as high efficiency and low operational costs. In these processes the target contaminant is removed from the solution by a solid sorbent. The more selective and low cost is the biosorbent the more attractive becomes the process. Agricultural wastes are especially attractive approaches for sorption. They are largely available, have no commercial value and require little or no processing. In this work, banana peels were tested for mercury removal from low concentrated solutions. In order to investigate the applicability of this solid, six water matrices were used increasing the complexity from natural waters to a real wastewater. Studies of kinetics and equilibrium were also performed using the most known models to evaluate the viability of the process In line with the concept of circular economy, this study adds value to this by-product as well as contributes to liquid waste management. Experimental: The solutions were prepared with Hg(II) initial concentration of 50 µg L-1 in natural waters, at 22 ± 1 ºC, pH 6, magnetically stirring at 650 rpm and biosorbent mass of 0.5 g L-1. NaCl was added to obtain the salt solutions, seawater was collected from the Portuguese coast and the real wastewater was kindly provided by ISQ - Instituto de Soldadura e qualidade (Welding and Quality Institute) and diluted until the same concentration of 50 µg L-1. Banana peels were previously freeze-drying, milled, sieved and the particles < 1 mm were used. Results: Banana peels removed more than 90% of Hg(II) from all the synthetic solutions studied. In these cases, the enhance in the complexity of the water type promoted a higher mercury removal. In salt waters, the biosorbent showed removals of 96%, 95% and 98 % for 3, 15 and 30 g L-1 of NaCl, respectively. The residual concentration of Hg(II) in solution achieved the level of drinking water regulation (1 µg L-1). For real matrices, the lower Hg(II) elimination (93 % for seawater and 81 % for the real wastewaters), can be explained by the competition between the Hg(II) ions and the other elements present in these solutions for the sorption sites. Regarding the equilibrium study, the experimental data are better described by the Freundlich isotherm (R ^ 2=0.991). The Elovich equation provided the best fit to the kinetic points. Conclusions: The results exhibited the great ability of the banana peels to remove mercury. The environmental realist conditions studied in this work, highlight their potential usage as biosorbents in water remediation processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banana%20peels" title="banana peels">banana peels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%20removal" title=" mercury removal"> mercury removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sorption" title=" sorption"> sorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103260/valorization-of-banana-peels-for-mercury-removal-in-environmental-realist-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1731</span> Surface Sterilization of Aquatic Plant, Cryptopcoryne affinis by Using Clorox and Mercury Chloride</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sridevi%20Devadas">Sridevi Devadas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was aimed to examine the combination efficiency of Clorox (5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite) and mercury chloride (HgCl2) as reagent for surface sterilization process of aquatic plant, Cryptocoryne affinis (C. affinis). The treatment applied 10% of the Clorox and 0.1 ppm of mercury chloride. The maximum exposure time for Clorox and mercury chloride was 10 min and 60 sec respectively. After exposed to the treatments protocols (T1-T15) the explants were transferred to culture room under control temperature at 25°C ± 2°C and subjected to 16 hours fluorescence light (2000 lumens) for 30 days. The both sterilizing agents were not applied on control specimens. Upon analysis, the result indicates all of the treatments protocols produced sterile explants at range of minimum 1.5 ± 0.7 (30%) to maximum 5.0 ± 0.0 (100%). Meanwhile, maximum 1.0 ± 0.7 numbers of leaves and 1.4 ± 0.6 numbers of roots have been produced. The optimized exposure time was 0 to 15 min for Clorox and 30 sec for HgCl2 whereby 90% to 100% sterilization was archived at this condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cryptocoryne%20affinis" title="Cryptocoryne affinis">Cryptocoryne affinis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20sterilization" title=" surface sterilization"> surface sterilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20culture" title=" tissue culture"> tissue culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clorox" title=" clorox"> clorox</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%20chloride" title=" mercury chloride "> mercury chloride </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1961/surface-sterilization-of-aquatic-plant-cryptopcoryne-affinis-by-using-clorox-and-mercury-chloride" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1730</span> Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields Can Increase the Release of Mercury from Dental Amalgam Fillings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazal%20Mortazavi">Ghazal Mortazavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20J.%20Mortazavi"> S. M. J. Mortazavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electricians, power line engineers and power station workers, welders, aluminum reduction workers, MRI operators and railway workers are occupationally exposed to different levels of electromagnetic fields. Mercury is among the most toxic metals. Dental amalgam fillings cause significant exposure to elemental mercury vapour in the general population. Today, substantial evidence indicates that mercury even at low doses may lead to toxicity. Increased release of mercury from dental amalgam fillings after exposure to MRI or microwave radiation emitted by mobile phones has been previously shown by our team. Moreover, our recent studies on the effects of stronger magnetic fields entirely confirmed our previous findings. From the other point of view, we have also shown that papers which reported no increased release of mercury after MRI, may have some methodological flaws. Over the past several years, our lab has focused on the health effects of exposure of laboratory animals and humans to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as mobile phones and their base stations, mobile phone jammers, laptop computers, radars, dentistry cavitrons, and MRI. As a strong association between exposure to electromagnetic fields and mercury level has been found in our studies, our findings lead us to this conclusion that occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in workers with dental amalgam fillings can lead to elevated levels of mercury. Studies which reported that exposure to mercury can be a risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) due to the accumulation of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) in the brain and those reported that long-term occupational exposure to high levels of electromagnetic fields can increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia in male workers support our concept and confirm the significant role of the occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in increasing the mercury level in workers with amalgam fillings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20exposure" title="occupational exposure">occupational exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20fields" title=" electromagnetic fields"> electromagnetic fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers" title=" workers"> workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%20release" title=" mercury release"> mercury release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20amalgam" title=" dental amalgam"> dental amalgam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restorative%20dentistry" title=" restorative dentistry"> restorative dentistry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23460/occupational-exposure-to-electromagnetic-fields-can-increase-the-release-of-mercury-from-dental-amalgam-fillings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1729</span> Surface Sterilization Of Aquatic Plant, Cryptocoryne affinis by Using Clorox and Mercury Chloride</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sridevi%20Devadas">Sridevi Devadas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was aimed to examine the combination efficiency of Clorox (5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite) and mercury chloride (HgCl2) as a reagent for surface sterilization process of aquatic plant and cryptocoryne affinis (C. affinis). The treatment applied 10% of the Clorox and 0.1ppm of mercury chloride. The maximum exposure time for clorox and mercury chloride was 10min and 60sec respectively. After exposed to the treatments protocols (T1-T15) the explants were transferred to culture room under control temperature at 25°C ± 2°C and subjected to 16 hours fluorescence light (2000 lumens) for 30 days. The both sterilizing agents were not applied on control specimens. Upon analysis, The result indicates all of the treatments protocols produced sterile explants at range of minimum 1.5 ± 0.7 (30%) to maximum 5.0 ± 0.0 (100%). Meanwhile, maximum 1.0 ± 0.7 numbers of leaves and 1.4 ± 0.6 numbers of roots have been produced. The optimized exposure time was 0 to 15 min for Clorox and 30 sec for HgCl2 whereby 90% to 100% sterilization was archived at this condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cryptocoryne%20affinis" title="Cryptocoryne affinis">Cryptocoryne affinis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20sterilization" title=" surface sterilization"> surface sterilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20culture" title=" tissue culture"> tissue culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clorox" title=" clorox"> clorox</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%20chloride" title=" mercury chloride "> mercury chloride </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1962/surface-sterilization-of-aquatic-plant-cryptocoryne-affinis-by-using-clorox-and-mercury-chloride" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1728</span> Mercury Contamination of Wetland Caused by Wastewater from Chlor-Alkali Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitsuo%20Yoshida">Mitsuo Yoshida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A significant mercury contamination of soil/sediment was unveiled by an environmental monitoring program in a wetland along La Plata River, west to Montevideo City, Uruguay. The mercury contamination was caused by industrial wastewater discharged from a chlor-alkali plant using a mercury-cell process. The contamination level is above 60 mg/kg in soil/sediment. Most of mercury (Hg) in the environment is inorganic, but some fractions are converted by bacteria to methylmercury (MeHg), a toxic organic compound. MeHg biologically accumulates through a food-chain and become serious public health risk. In order to clarify the contaminated part for countermeasure operation, an intervention value of mercury contamination of sediment/soil was defined as 15 mg/kg (total Hg) by the authority. According to the intervention value, mercury contaminated area in the La Plata site is approximately 48,280 m² and estimated total volume of contaminated sediments/soils was around 18,750 m³. The countermeasures to contaminated zone were proposed in two stages; (i) mitigation of risks for public health and (ii) site remediation. The first stage is an installation of fens and net around the contamination zone, for mitigating risks of exposure, inhalation, and intake. The food chain among wetland-river ecosystem was also interrupted by the installation of net and fens. The state of mercury contamination in La Plata site and plan of countermeasure was disclosed to local people and the public, and consensus on setting off-limit area was successfully achieved. Mass media also contribute to share the information on the contamination site. The cost for countermeasures was borne by the industry under the polluter-pay-principle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlor-alkali%20plant" title="chlor-alkali plant">chlor-alkali plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%20contamination" title=" mercury contamination"> mercury contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polluter%20pay%20principle" title=" polluter pay principle"> polluter pay principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uruguay" title=" Uruguay"> Uruguay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetland" title=" wetland"> wetland</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102082/mercury-contamination-of-wetland-caused-by-wastewater-from-chlor-alkali-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1727</span> Efficient Mercury Sorbent: Activated Carbon and Metal Organic Framework Hybrid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongseok%20Hong">Yongseok Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurt%20Louis%20Solis"> Kurt Louis Solis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, a hybrid sorbent using the metal organic framework (MOF), UiO-66, and powdered activated carbon (pAC) is synthesized to remove cationic and anionic metals simultaneously. UiO-66 is an octahedron-shaped MOF with a Zr₆O₄(OH)₄ metal node and 1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid (BDC) organic linker. Zr-based MOFs are attractive for trace element remediation in wastewaters, because Zr is relatively non-toxic as compared to other classes of MOF and, therefore, it will not cause secondary pollution. Most remediation studies with UiO-66 target anions such as fluoride, but trace element oxyanions such as arsenic, selenium, and antimony have also been investigated. There have also been studies involving mercury removal by UiO-66 derivatives, however these require post-synthetic modifications or have lower effective surface areas. Activated carbon is known for being a readily available, well-studied, effective adsorbent for metal contaminants. Solvothermal method was employed to prepare hybrid sorbent from UiO66 and activated carbon, which could be used to remove mercury and selenium simultaneously. The hybrid sorbent was characterized using FSEM-EDS, FT-IR, XRD, and TGA. The results showed that UiO66 and activated carbon are successfully composited. From BET studies, the hybrid sorbent has a SBET of 1051 m² g⁻¹. Adsorption studies were performed, where the hybrid showed maximum adsorption of 204.63 mg g⁻¹ and 168 mg g⁻¹ for Hg (II) and selenite, respectively, and follows the Langmuir model for both species. Kinetics studies have revealed that the Hg uptake of the hybrid is pseudo-2nd order and has rate constant of 5.6E-05 g mg⁻¹ min⁻¹ and the selenite uptake follows the simplified Elovich model with α = 2.99 mg g⁻¹ min⁻¹, β = 0.032 g mg⁻¹. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gas%20wastewater" title=" flue gas wastewater"> flue gas wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selenite" title=" selenite"> selenite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20organic%20framework" title=" metal organic framework"> metal organic framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79574/efficient-mercury-sorbent-activated-carbon-and-metal-organic-framework-hybrid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1726</span> Heavy Metals in Selected Infant Milk Formula</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suad%20M.%20Abuzariba">Suad M. Abuzariba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gazette"> M. Gazette</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To test for the presence of toxic heavy metals, specifically Arsenic, Lead, and Mercury in formula milk available in Misrata city north of Libya for infants aged 6-12 months through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer,30 samples of imported milk formula in Libyan markets subjected to test to accurate their pollution with heavy metals, We get concentration of Hg, Ar, Pb in milk formula samples was between 0.002-1.37, 1.62-0.04–2.16, 0.15–0.65 respectively, when compared the results with Libyan &WHO standards ,they were within standards of toxic heavy metals. The presence or absence of toxic heavy metals (Lead, Arsenic, and Mercury) in selected infant formula milk and their levels within or beyond standards set by the WHO. The three infant formulas tested, all were negative for Arsenic and Lead, while two out of the three infant formulas tested positive for Mercury with levels of 0.6333ppm and 0.8333ppm. The levels of Mercury obtained, expressed in parts per million (ppm), from the two infant formulas tested were above the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake of total Mercury, which is 0.005ppm, as set by the FAO, WHO, and JECFA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk%20formula" title=" milk formula"> milk formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libya" title=" Libya"> Libya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic" title=" toxic"> toxic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18908/heavy-metals-in-selected-infant-milk-formula" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1725</span> Monsoon Controlled Mercury Transportation in Ganga Alluvial Plain, Northern India and Its Implication on Global Mercury Cycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjali%20Singh">Anjali Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashwani%20Raju"> Ashwani Raju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vandana%20Devi"> Vandana Devi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohmad%20Mohsin%20Atique"> Mohmad Mohsin Atique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satyendra%20Singh"> Satyendra Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munendra%20Singh"> Munendra Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> India is the biggest consumer of mercury and, consequently, a major emitter too. The increasing mercury contamination in India’s water resources has gained widespread attention and, therefore, atmospheric deposition is of critical concern. However, little emphasis was placed on the role of precipitation in the aquatic mercury cycle of the Ganga Alluvial Plain which provides drinking water to nearly 7% of the world’s human population. A majority of the precipitation here occurs primarily in 10% duration of the year in the monsoon season. To evaluate the sources and transportation of mercury, water sample analysis has been conducted from two selected sites near Lucknow, which have a strong hydraulic gradient towards the river. 31 groundwater samples from Jehta village (26°55’15’’N; 80°50’21’’E; 119 m above mean sea level) and 31 river water samples from the Behta Nadi (a tributary of the Gomati River draining into the Ganga River) were collected during the monsoon season on every alternate day between 01 July to 30 August 2019. The total mercury analysis was performed by using Flow Injection Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)-Mercury Hybride System, and daily rainfall data was collected from the India Meteorological Department, Amausi, Lucknow. The ambient groundwater and river-water concentrations were both 2-4 ng/L as there is no known geogenic source of mercury found in the area. Before the onset of the monsoon season, the groundwater and the river-water recorded mercury concentrations two orders of magnitude higher than the ambient concentrations, indicating the regional transportation of the mercury from the non-point source into the aquatic environment. Maximum mercury concentrations in groundwater and river-water were three orders of magnitude higher than the ambient concentrations after the onset of the monsoon season characterizing the considerable mobilization and redistribution of mercury by monsoonal precipitation. About 50% of both of the water samples were reported mercury below the detection limit, which can be mostly linked to the low intensity of precipitation in August and also with the dilution factor by precipitation. The highest concentration ( > 1200 ng/L) of mercury in groundwater was reported after 6-days lag from the first precipitation peak. Two high concentration peaks (>1000 ng/L) in river-water were separately correlated with the surface flow and groundwater outflow of mercury. We attribute the elevated mercury concentration in both of the water samples before the precipitation event to mercury originating from the extensive use of agrochemicals in mango farming in the plain. However, the elevated mercury concentration during the onset of monsoon appears to increase in area wetted with atmospherically deposited mercury, which migrated down from surface water to groundwater as downslope migration is a fundamental mechanism seen in rivers of the alluvial plain. The present study underscores the significance of monsoonal precipitation in the transportation of mercury to drinking water resources of the Ganga Alluvial Plain. This study also suggests that future research must be pursued for a better understand of the human health impact of mercury contamination and for quantification of the role of Ganga Alluvial Plain in the Global Mercury Cycle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drinking%20water%20resources" title="drinking water resources">drinking water resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganga%20alluvial%20plain" title=" Ganga alluvial plain"> Ganga alluvial plain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=india" title=" india"> india</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116680/monsoon-controlled-mercury-transportation-in-ganga-alluvial-plain-northern-india-and-its-implication-on-global-mercury-cycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1724</span> Human Health Risk Assessment of Mercury-Contaminated Soils in Alebediah Mining Community, Sudan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Elwaleed">Ahmed Elwaleed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huiho%20Jeong"> Huiho Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20H.%20Abdelbagi"> Ali H. Abdelbagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Thi%20Quynh"> Nguyen Thi Quynh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koji%20Arizono"> Koji Arizono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasuhiro%20Ishibashi"> Yasuhiro Ishibashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) poses substantial risks to both human health and the environment, particularly through contamination of soil, water, and air. Prolonged exposure to ASGM-contaminated soils can lead to acute or chronic mercury toxicity. This study assesses the human health risks associated with mercury-contaminated soils and tailings in the Alebediah mining community in Sudan. Soil samples were collected from various locations within Alebediah, including ASGM areas, farmlands, and residential areas, along with tailings samples commonly found within ASGM sites. The evaluation of potential health risks to humans included the computation of the estimated daily intake (AvDI), the hazard quotient (HQ), and the hazard index (HI) for both adults and children. The primary exposure route identified as potentially posing a significant health risk was the volatilization of mercury from tailings samples, where mercury concentrations reached up to 25.5 mg/kg. In contrast, other samples within the ASGM area showed elevated mercury levels but did not present significant health risks, with HI values below 1. However, all areas indicated HI values above 1 for the remaining exposure routes. The study observed a decrease in mercury concentration with increasing distance from the ASGM community. Additionally, soil samples revealed elevated mercury levels exceeding background values, prompting an assessment of contamination levels using the enrichment factor (EF). The findings indicated that farmlands and residential areas exhibited depleted EF, while areas surrounding the ASGM community showed none to moderate pollution. In contrast, ASGM areas exhibited significant to extreme pollution. A GIS map was generated to visually depict the extent of mercury pollution, facilitating communication with stakeholders and decision-makers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%20pollution" title="mercury pollution">mercury pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artisanal%20and%20small-scale%20gold%20mining" title=" artisanal and small-scale gold mining"> artisanal and small-scale gold mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risk%20assessment" title=" health risk assessment"> health risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard%20index" title=" hazard index"> hazard index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20and%20tailings" title=" soil and tailings"> soil and tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enrichment%20factor" title=" enrichment factor"> enrichment factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173742/human-health-risk-assessment-of-mercury-contaminated-soils-in-alebediah-mining-community-sudan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1723</span> Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions by Low-Cost Materials: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Nazari">I. Nazari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Shaabani"> B. Shaabani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Abaasifar"> P. Abaasifar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In small quantities certain heavy metals are nutritionally essential for a healthy life. The heavy metals linked most often to human poisoning are lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. Other heavy metals including copper, zinc and chromium are actually required by the body in small quantity but can also be toxic in large doses. Nowadays, we have contamination to this heavy metals in some untreated industrial waste waters and even in several populated cities drinking waters around the world. The contamination of ground and underground water sources to heavy metals can be concentrated and travel up to food chain by drinking water and agricultural products. In recent years, the need for safe and economical methods for removal of heavy metals from contaminated water has necessitated research interest towards the finding low-cost alternatives. Bio-adsorbents have emerged as low-cost and efficient materials for the removal of heavy metals from waste and ground waters. The bio-adsorbents have an affinity for heavy metals ions to form metal complexes or chelates due to having functional groups including carboxyl, hydroxyl, imidazole, and etc. The objective of this study is to review researches in less expensive adsorbents and their utilization possibilities for various low-cost bio-adsorbents such as coffee beans, rice husk, and saw dust for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated waters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20pollution" title=" water pollution"> water pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-adsorbents" title=" bio-adsorbents"> bio-adsorbents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20cost%20adsorbents" title=" low cost adsorbents"> low cost adsorbents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30744/removal-of-heavy-metals-from-aqueous-solutions-by-low-cost-materials-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1722</span> Separation of Mercury(Ii) from Petroleum Produced Water via Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane and Mass Transfer Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srestha%20Chaturabul">Srestha Chaturabul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wanchalerm%20Srirachat"> Wanchalerm Srirachat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanaporn%20Wannachod"> Thanaporn Wannachod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prakorn%20Ramakul"> Prakorn Ramakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ura%20Pancharoen"> Ura Pancharoen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soorathep%20Kheawhom"> Soorathep Kheawhom </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The separation of mercury(II) from petroleum-produced water from the Gulf of Thailand was carried out using a hollow fiber supported liquid membrane system (HFSLM). Optimum parameters for feed pretreatment were 0.2 M HCl, 4% (v/v) Aliquat 336 for extractant and 0.1 M thiourea for stripping solution. The best percentage obtained for extraction was 99.73% and for recovery 90.11%, respectively. The overall separation efficiency noted was 94.92% taking account of both extraction and recovery prospects. The model for this separation developed along a combined flux principle i.e. convection–diffusion–kinetic. The results showed excellent agreement with theoretical data at an average standard deviation of 1.5% and 1.8%, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation" title="separation">separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%28ii%29" title=" mercury(ii)"> mercury(ii)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum%20produced%20water" title=" petroleum produced water"> petroleum produced water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20fiber" title=" hollow fiber"> hollow fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20membrane" title=" liquid membrane"> liquid membrane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29570/separation-of-mercuryii-from-petroleum-produced-water-via-hollow-fiber-supported-liquid-membrane-and-mass-transfer-modeling" class="btn btn-primary 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