CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913517efdc5e403b',cH: '.3gqE3Y9R5nrv9EmOfCpAp39R2LlVaDJLfJmq0Z1MMs-1739788136-1.2.1.1-YpcMV8cbxFPgYL7qHS5vrB22AoRJKtsevTFP836UR4Zl.Yw12SQiKVqfhzN7OC5j',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=molecular%20markers&__cf_chl_tk=EJjcjCHtob.IgK50LLq5KolbwHTNVW8_MC_5uRi0lkY-1739788136-1.0.1.1-Q3HaGMgsWiNnp9TcsnpBK.xlWMlGVOlv_3g3piAQZw0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788136',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=molecular%20markers&__cf_chl_f_tk=EJjcjCHtob.IgK50LLq5KolbwHTNVW8_MC_5uRi0lkY-1739788136-1.0.1.1-Q3HaGMgsWiNnp9TcsnpBK.xlWMlGVOlv_3g3piAQZw0",md: "gixyJUon2ZYp1cJCJMkL62y4JcrQq34dvHM1cr.v7n4-1739788136-1.2.1.1-3DB5FDL6EqYcFH_EhvaDXk4x3vwX6XfGTq.2VgTpm93UCdRWrw2CH8vP2bNfBtQS5T6BFj1ThCtJItc99Ma4elqbQANrbW2aM5lvIeOAZy.ky1vyPEsN.dH2QXbL9JQkCtSdwkPUt.NGFUkxC91YAI6TszMnsjMXsZAGyzmi5TLVZEYXPKLOL3jW0aIJ7IMcEgRVV3cnT4S8oxiz7hwP1kaH36E52FT4W6HzM.YrusawDex.HMtoX.eLeZbnPbwFz7FlMEIiPRKV4sKcoyW_aHUUwuDXJnF3fgkyK.Ilugnii6IVFGuRfs.kTxu7Umby4NfuhHidB.5KDI_ZM6.FM08ygGXCMM8Cs8A9xyuKLlaGViRs95eqqgKZoSISPYEcKDAyOL6C369bEqk033Ztny9bHJyokqWAVg4z6S_PznJjDsPBIQxtIllGWc9isRIVIweL3PMh8dEUB8aX69oj4KqJ1HNmZS_nZ9kSyygZOBoeSh_P_TrS9NQheUdXKq2tUwKltsm1GU3.HdalG3suJQ9v6RvWnjPd1gdL0DjGayRtz9FcQ0cC1Hte7CCkKe16ei2Kenic.ZUgtCKBLiGdkpBDO.ebvJDsMuc1bKJvQ.FxBCnPpM8FhikWzkomZpHBN8YB3o.jNtfGJqTur4tlNcW9BS.lE4jDR9hio9zmgHPni5IWN27Ae9DC6XZNzIQgXbjejGmrH3l4.Ffz0HzFkp1DHtB9My02bhfU15mL1Csh61qsvz_5J6a1jdW0BfxMuBbbBpAy6tZ6TMyeb8_xTTvNo5xLJCWwGA1EY8.l9QrjEW58vVJkuEczSLASnZ5ynuWlHSY8kSWPh6cXyZsXu7oKOa9QJWVWIywtBrsW.v1_aTqYASLU3i7GrqYdO4sPS_gfTINmMaZv9WJRcxjpfXybY3VIuvK6qwNPilgYkCtjS3mQeqOUEPEPB8UJluHcln56Fs3aSnr84Rr3IAJgdCNQtxGoiPte1ysJAYkM0.Do9ZrI_kMBx7NeY8N66HGGEjdK44F2YVBBM6g6LLXGrKgOO1ipXKaQpQ4bqNR0rSL_czCZOd0Z0onlrOC.bARp_SETQDIb8lmERQmzeOex0OwKa2Z9iBMLbXUzxVyX1jEHryhDkjvL7GlXnnH8d7tvzYvskD.IT3wgPD9s3O0sUfgyeqIwlYn8fzn78tbfd8KWdzj3ZabSVznRIe3SmNxz7HX1zDBuunnwXSDsBP9n3siJ8.evfFM1p2JTQ8V2k5.5dGTM9z2lOctDm1CeuZHFIDLP6wO_eQBr1XRcVbIKtJOSIpzeiT_EhaftQe_sqNUWlO3y6OxJoBkHN.DXYaLKmqNtHlBcek5qHgTB2SwSFOkcXuDJJsg_j8bd7dXV2BBYJgIGRq7.dWfFxvqUTAFT5Ix.yWFTfAvJ94rniCeR5sLsE9DQSNFXjuXEi6m0jG8Xd.lecVnLTrFuszOMqlTIA3K7mBcZq7Hz.fkLMn5LPrNsJugADY2SCtErLYevd8ZCTozhp6nPGJN5Ru1GswitBcUhsWiV1fQW5MysAuQaJRGIunBuPpGPLM0b2m8NBDVBO4RZ2zy.T6C7xKMgz_ub7CZbvbOYd41jGiDhF.KaLKf3rQwYOp6oFmxQ4ulvY1yq2T9b1d9zKnQfkfxulSPF2CZLL_ChZ.kom8gsg_wc8uyx._Q06Z655q2M1YfVNQC0sHLoLOOrG516vMMi4r3RWK.1Nxoh7KuiGIQS.p_w5A6cRxBFvhw7_2IJJ9v3vGIfXB47R0edO8W.QpAYsVp9Jw1BfHroO618jNWhKYbseB1Y.QbgVDrGH83C9zaGzAokhdstd9W3Xrrnt3F7ocyq51AEqutDoA1Gxdq8gEHa3wDYYxBNOFhNG3Bi4Zx6UlY6HZ66tstLTiVaLrHnQ7r6G0joXYtGzyDD2WGqEFA3jm0MmTvDpO3AfoQU19dEF3s",mdrd: "t.z1u8kzqcE6LirbE5zpuJnfljnNBceK4BA8PGUh47w-1739788136-1.2.1.1-wdBIy9.qoqqAQ23JB3zrAuYQV7J5QgO3Jrop33oDs4JKy0xoKNet6QtREd97cnYIHttecxU2_tgASYk0tmQBjVIXqQsx_eyIs_ANgF6wX2cairOG_20uVTsIBGQ0PZq.cTN0cMd2PTNOo5kMRSGiaVeq63HLup6HW7En9LiBdsOnP3ZeAfC5FRpfgbn_VfuYQdcdKol7QOZXieAzm6AtzJGpJRcBLYK_HW_PMLsBwxXAkfOdMmTAJlgmTyIIVO0QwbjKLVU9AvKTxso05Ic_ZcFwW3E1NYZIKpOlpJRtkNAlwI84b.TYCFtzr0Qk7zTcjMOq0S3r.KgVW0fuVIl4AxaNlXuq7TiB_iNYTt08kgst7y9JVrbuXg86YGfb.SoJl6Px3K8aydGhmxq1jRMjPIHE1.aJ2RlWpx99mVBtTnjRAnyRT6ztCpj3grBA90t7rZLCkmO6eaI6B8WN.ZV2jqPucypXqlVRNwfAJpcbkePqEUNgFotb9IdCQmsoYi2k5gA302bTJEgUANmQB8btJDAdYh0qY0aFlfm4bpqU6FrT6L0raM_7D3e_YFLJSgEyB7tI8abpPjToO_m83NQyM2lcEjDxx4iW15hkXRH4IlLEvI6elRxrneioGj8f4jRPa_tIPShyP.c6i0qKhSU9XX17NQ6u.FlbELdD_M4jNfP9pgosZyrmNJsnlfwAF246OY52gUo4Xem7RCw0ztW_NTuFxPZD5iyziXQZUPwXMCShbGV1QuubqCORFPMgUQc.YSEwJMY_.dEoi6whLz9_Pk1ipxsfRsrPDslTjYDM9IkUrS3CLmlnwu9qlvqNfbxaLUZCldvR36ox5ilfApvACbfNifUO0MoY2kyO_rbljpzveLfeJ7yZCwf8GYiFc8NX2uqz9BCrZnrHJEuNdlRq5IH5bqr782Scgx4V7oyr7HRv_0_56K2yhgp6P_9MLftKri0XTlN.Y89OOn95xg_QqGP6Rl5cfvjbqRSMLp8ct50xDraO48mdFCXDf4KFf_.hC8Aou7OJsD8QEt3gfSmJuVr8FKpWkDgtgSv4RI8gqE2NslTCo9o_Qjn1..t7DGCs84_Kz2G63hVXb7pi2qnKUa4gBF3cxG65xLv2gcOXHTpFkPiNbr18b4pRrYucjA2KLxPsmnYLR7egFCYJzgSq2Mkkfbo7kajxKQHKak3J_MhDa3fkH.uZ3GK0Hv6OfEynbik_.F_ZzlPuvYwTWVLG2UNd74cpRYNtccm1_gFAAEbZStpbkTtgGmOmUWE7j8OkuQ4GMBeMjoCwSwnXUppH2dtV48NfX0Jfuwijx__rTU26OoDAG1iR5R22hpOO19J__r19xw3sz2yVktfOhO0um9Xx07GmwjYB6EEqkKSumhdXL7gsqcPrAVmJDEcWTe603DAtHSdZ98pW9V99b1C.aRndvFVIeWNvQZI5xOOeb88w1zn2k77UehRDcZDOMrGclW2M6RLKUjeih8HrWkU8YtaZz1NZaVWdZhCsiRXLhTBTLIO6J5nP5Ns8DeUOZhCSk21ZE35MtGxDcjCJTdZJYhjqAfH4v0_wp4DrkzryT_fM14j7TyPs_uECBrESm0EOqLJgAmsagm7UD_FeUIyN.YHmugcGBL5Ad4hrUPIu8fgXoy8UME2v48mY.H93Ja7zcIJduOmhD3_6n4i2rAigzbNw.PFvb_LVIvyj.lN1TJaqqFtUUYtWpMwg98dnSNQuju9hZwoB6ERayfYb5VQigKq9et2fWfUSeTEH0j.ZsdN_HVAxGRqNlUVXKZQHLOvCbFYaa4.ghBy2M6Fu5d.UtK_EqYKviBTAbVtIO5cnyXd51cWMSnP6eSHOwIRRmBDHJmBKYoJQVssj6VFXyJFsSHY0ypeXYiq7mmF65fVqxCEn0BOnvAAP8YvevJv6ozs8Ate..2Yg_6pqX3_fXop.SABpfYnZ9Ok8S4bJgunwIET_OPak33ZHierPos9knOOX"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913517efdc5e403b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=molecular%20markers&__cf_chl_rt_tk=EJjcjCHtob.IgK50LLq5KolbwHTNVW8_MC_5uRi0lkY-1739788136-1.0.1.1-Q3HaGMgsWiNnp9TcsnpBK.xlWMlGVOlv_3g3piAQZw0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>