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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Sailendra" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" 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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sovrani_a_Giava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sovrani_a_Giava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sovrani a Giava</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sovrani_a_Giava-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Sovrani a Giava</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sovrani_a_Giava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fine_del_dominio_a_Giava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fine_del_dominio_a_Giava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fine del dominio a Giava</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fine_del_dominio_a_Giava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sovrani_del_Regno_Srivijaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sovrani_del_Regno_Srivijaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sovrani del Regno Srivijaya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sovrani_del_Regno_Srivijaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sailendra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 27 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="سيلندرا - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيلندرا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiyang_Sailendra" title="Dinastiyang Sailendra - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dinastiyang Sailendra" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_Sa%C3%A8l%C3%A9ndra" title="Wangsa Saèléndra - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Wangsa Saèléndra" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailendra" title="Sailendra - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sailendra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shailendra_dynasty" title="Shailendra dynasty - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Shailendra dynasty" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Sailendra" title="Dinastía Sailendra - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinastía Sailendra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailendra" title="Sailendra - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sailendra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailendra" title="Sailendra - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sailendra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="शैलेन्द्र राजवंश - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शैलेन्द्र राजवंश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_Sailendra" title="Wangsa Sailendra - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wangsa Sailendra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E6%9C%9D" title="シャイレーンドラ朝 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャイレーンドラ朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_Syail%C3%A9ndra" title="Wangsa Syailéndra - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wangsa Syailéndra" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%A4%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%8C%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC_%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0" title="샤일렌드라 왕조 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샤일렌드라 왕조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ailendros" title="Šailendros - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šailendros" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="ശൈലേന്ദ്ര രാജവംശം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശൈലേന്ദ്ര രാജവംശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="शैलेंद्र राजवंश - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शैलेंद्र राजवंश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_Syailendra" title="Wangsa Syailendra - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wangsa Syailendra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailendra" title="Sailendra - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sailendra" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਸ਼ੈਲੇਂਦਰ ਰਾਜਵੰਸ਼ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ੈਲੇਂਦਰ ਰਾਜਵੰਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Sailendra" title="Dinastia Sailendra - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dinastia Sailendra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="शैलेन्द्रराजवंशः - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शैलेन्द्रराजवंशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9B%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%BA" title="ශෛලේන්ද්‍ර රාජ වංශය - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශෛලේන්ද්‍ර රාජ වංශය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சைலேந்திர வம்சம் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சைலேந்திர வம்சம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ราชวงศ์ไศเลนทร์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์ไศเลนทร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailendra" title="Sailendra - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sailendra" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E8%BF%9E%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="夏连特拉王国 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="夏连特拉王国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E9%80%A3%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="夏連特拉王國 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="夏連特拉王國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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</td></tr><tr><th>Casata di derivazione</th><td>Sailendra di Srivijaya </td></tr><tr><th>Casata principale</th><td>Sailendra di Giava </td></tr><tr><th>Titoli</th><td><a href="/wiki/Maharaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Data di fondazione</th><td><a href="/wiki/VIII_secolo" title="VIII secolo">VIII secolo</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Data di deposizione</th><td><a href="/wiki/IX_secolo" title="IX secolo">IX secolo</a> a Giava<br /><a href="/wiki/XIII_secolo" title="XIII secolo">XIII secolo</a> nello Srivijaya </td></tr><tr><th>Etnia</th><td><a href="/wiki/Giavanesi" title="Giavanesi">giavanesi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Malesi" title="Malesi">malesi</a>? </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Casata/man" title="Template:Casata/man"><span title="Manuale del template Casata">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia">dinastia</a> <b>Sailendra</b> (trascritto anche Shailendra o Çailendra; in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_indonesiana" title="Lingua indonesiana">lingua indonesiana</a>: Śailendra o Sjailendra; letteralmente: Signore della montagna) si affermò a <a href="/wiki/Giava" title="Giava">Giava</a> attorno al 750, nel periodo che seguì la fine del <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Funan" class="mw-redirect" title="Regno di Funan">Regno di Funan</a> sulla terraferma del <a href="/wiki/Sud-est_asiatico" title="Sud-est asiatico">Sud-est asiatico</a>, e fu rovesciata approssimativamente alla metà del secolo successivo.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Costretti a lasciare l'isola, i Sailendra assunsero il controllo del potente Impero <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-southeastasia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southeastasia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> che probabilmente mantennero fino al XIII secolo.<sup id="cite_ref-treccani_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treccani-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durante i regni dei <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja">maharaja</a> Sailendra, Giava conobbe un periodo di grande rinascita culturale e artistica, accompagnata dall'introduzione del <a href="/wiki/Buddhismo_Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhismo Mahāyāna">Buddhismo Mahāyāna</a>. Molte sono le testimonianze di alto livello artistico realizzate a Giava in quel periodo e che sono oggi in buono stato di conservazione, in particolare l'imponente <i><a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">stupa</a></i> di <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ristrutturato dopo secoli di abbandono e dichiarato <a href="/wiki/Patrimonio_dell%27umanit%C3%A0" title="Patrimonio dell'umanità">patrimonio dell'umanità</a> dall'<a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Le notizie relative ai Sailendra sono poche e si basano su inscrizioni ritrovate soprattutto a Giava e nella penisola malese, nonché su alcuni resoconti riportati negli annali cinesi della <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Tang" title="Dinastia Tang">dinastia Tang</a>. Le speculazioni avanzate da diversi storici, spesso contraddittorie, hanno chiarito solo in parte i misteri riguardanti la dinastia e più in generale il periodo storico dell'<a href="/wiki/Arcipelago_malese" title="Arcipelago malese">arcipelago malese</a> caratterizzato dal dominio dei Sailendra. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalasan_Inscription.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Kalasan_Inscription.JPG/220px-Kalasan_Inscription.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Kalasan_Inscription.JPG/330px-Kalasan_Inscription.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Kalasan_Inscription.JPG/440px-Kalasan_Inscription.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2551" data-file-height="2014" /></a><figcaption>L'inscrizione di Kalasan, nei pressi di <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>, scritta in <a href="/wiki/Sanscrito" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanscrito">sanscrito</a>. Datata al 778, è la più antica tra le inscrizioni su cui compare il nome Sailendra</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Candi_Kalasan,_Java_1122.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Candi_Kalasan%2C_Java_1122.jpg/220px-Candi_Kalasan%2C_Java_1122.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Candi_Kalasan%2C_Java_1122.jpg/330px-Candi_Kalasan%2C_Java_1122.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Candi_Kalasan%2C_Java_1122.jpg/440px-Candi_Kalasan%2C_Java_1122.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><i>Candi</i> Kalasan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sailendra_King_and_Queen,_Borobudur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Sailendra_King_and_Queen%2C_Borobudur.jpg/220px-Sailendra_King_and_Queen%2C_Borobudur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Sailendra_King_and_Queen%2C_Borobudur.jpg/330px-Sailendra_King_and_Queen%2C_Borobudur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Sailendra_King_and_Queen%2C_Borobudur.jpg/440px-Sailendra_King_and_Queen%2C_Borobudur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>Bassorilievo di Borobudur raffigurante un re Sailendra con la consorte e alcuni sudditi</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg/220px-Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg/330px-Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg/440px-Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>Borobudur</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origini">Origini</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Origini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Origini"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo storico <a href="/wiki/George_Coed%C3%A8s" title="George Coedès">George Coedès</a> ha sostenuto che i Sailendra abbiano le loro origini tra i fuoriusciti del Regno <a href="/wiki/Funan" class="mw-redirect" title="Funan">Funan</a>, rifugiatisi a Giava quando Funan fu sottomesso dall'emergente Regno <a href="/wiki/Chenla" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenla">Chenla</a>. Avvalorò tale ipotesi evidenziando come i loro sovrani avessero il titolo di "re della montagna", lo stesso significato del termine Sailendra. Studi più recenti hanno messo in luce come Funan sia stato assorbito da Chenla senza l'uso delle armi e che vi sia stata una continuità tra i regnanti dei due Stati, rendendo azzardata l'ipotesi di Coedes relativa alla fuga dei governanti di Funan.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Secondo studi successivi sulle inscrizioni ritrovate, i Sailendra giunsero a Giava in qualità di comandanti dell'esercito <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a> che invase l'isola. In base a tale ipotesi, il regno dei Sailendra faceva parte di Srivijaya, che agli inizi dell'VIII secolo comprendeva anche Sumatra meridionale, buona parte della <a href="/wiki/Penisola_malese" title="Penisola malese">penisola malese</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Stretto_di_Malacca" title="Stretto di Malacca">stretto di Malacca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-suzuki_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suzuki-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tale ipotesi è supportata da un'inscrizione riguardante un nobile di nome Dapunta Selendra trovata nel villaggio di Sojomerto, in Giava Centrale, scritta in malese antico, lingua usata a quel tempo a Sumatra e nello stretto di Malacca, dove ebbe origine.<sup id="cite_ref-sanjayasailendra_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanjayasailendra-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sovrani_a_Giava">Sovrani a Giava</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Sovrani a Giava" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Sovrani a Giava"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Furono la più potente fra le varie dinastie che regnarono in Giava Centrale tra l'VIII ed il IX secolo. Il nome Sailendra significa signori delle montagne e deriva probabilmente dai grandi vulcani che dominano le valli su cui regnarono. La più antica inscrizione trovata a Giava che attesta la presenza dei re Sailendra è quella ritrovata nel <i><a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">candi</a></i> di Kalasan, risalente al 778. Furono i primi al mondo ad assumere il titolo di <i><a href="/wiki/Shri" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri">Śrī</a> <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja">maharaja</a></i>, termine derivato dal <a href="/wiki/Sanscrito" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanscrito">sanscrito</a> che significa grande re. La stessa inscrizione riporta nomi di funzionari facenti parte della famiglia e di altri nobili che collaboravano nell'amministrazione dei villaggi.<sup id="cite_ref-southeastasia_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southeastasia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'inscrizione di Ligor (l'odierna città thailandese di <a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Si_Thammarat" title="Nakhon Si Thammarat">Nakhon Si Thammarat</a>) del 775 riporta che i Sailendra divennero i sovrani più potenti fra quelli dei vari regni compresi in Srivijaya. Ottennero probabilmente tale posizione riportando attorno al 765 sotto il controllo di Srivijaya i principati di Chaiya (oggi nella <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Surat_Thani" title="Provincia di Surat Thani">provincia di Surat Thani</a>) e di Ligor, sottraendoli al Regno Chenla che li aveva occupati circa 20 anni prima. Questa zona era di importanza nevralgica per Srivijaya in quanto da Chaiya veniva amministrato il traffico di merci giunte dall'Occidente nel porto di Takua Pa, sul <a href="/wiki/Mare_delle_Andamane" class="mw-redirect" title="Mare delle Andamane">Mare delle Andamane</a>, lungo la <a href="/wiki/Via_della_seta#Mare" title="Via della seta">via marittima della seta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-suzuki_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suzuki-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'alleanza con Srivijaya garantì ai Sailendra importanti scambi commerciali con Sumatra e si perpetuò con i matrimoni tra membri delle case regnanti nei due Paesi.<sup id="cite_ref-southeastasia_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southeastasia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-treccani_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treccani-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secondo altre ipotesi meno credibili, i Sailendra erano i re di Srivijaya che conquistarono Giava o, viceversa, i re di Giava che conquistarono Srivijaya.<sup id="cite_ref-southeastasia_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southeastasia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tra i principali motivi che determinarono le fortune dei Sailendra, vi fu un efficiente controllo dell'irrigazione per le <a href="/wiki/Risaie" class="mw-redirect" title="Risaie">risaie</a> della fertilissima piana di Kedu, nella parte orientale della <a href="/wiki/Giava_Centrale" title="Giava Centrale">Giava Centrale</a> dove era il loro centro di potere.<sup id="cite_ref-higham_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-higham-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Svilupparono i traffici marittimi controllando i principali porti nel nord della Giava Centrale.<sup id="cite_ref-southeastasia_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southeastasia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riuscirono inoltre a diffondere il Buddhismo con particolare sapienza, facendone uno strumento con cui legittimare il proprio potere.<sup id="cite_ref-higham_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-higham-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Giava Centrale sono rimaste le più importanti testomonianze dell'arte Sailendra, tra cui i templi di Borobudur, Kalasan, Mendut, Sewu e Pawon. Il più famoso è quello di <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a>, che è anche il più grande <a href="/wiki/Tempio_buddhista" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempio buddhista">tempio buddhista</a> del mondo.<sup id="cite_ref-Guiness_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guiness-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La struttura è articolata su 10 livelli, che nell'educazione buddhista rappresentano i passi da compiere per raggiungere l'<a href="/wiki/Bodhi" title="Bodhi">illuminazione</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-higham_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-higham-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fine_del_dominio_a_Giava">Fine del dominio a Giava</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Fine del dominio a Giava" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Fine del dominio a Giava"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durante il secolo caratterizzato dal dominio dei Sailendra, a Giava continuarono a regnare i sovrani della dinastia <a href="/wiki/Shivaismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivaismo">shivaita</a> dei Sanjaya, pur ridimensionati dall'espansione Sailendra. Alla morte di Re Samaratungga, che aveva fatto costruire Borobudur, i due regni furono unificati grazie al matrimonio tra Pramodhawardhani, figlia di Samaratungga, e Rakai Pikatan della dinastia Sanjaya.<sup id="cite_ref-sanjayasailendra_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanjayasailendra-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il fratello di Pramodhawardhani, Balaputra, era l'erede al trono dei Sailendra ma nell'856 fu sconfitto da Rakai Pikatan e costretto all'esilio. Si rifugiò a <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, che era l'isola da cui proveniva la madre Tara, figlia del re di Srivijaya Dharmasetu. Questi eventi portarono alla fine del dominio Sailendra e al rafforzamento dell'<a href="/wiki/Induismo" title="Induismo">Induismo</a> in Giava Centrale.<sup id="cite_ref-coedes108_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coedes108-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> È presumibile che buona parte dei fondi utilizzati da Rakai Pikatan per la costruzione del complesso di templi induisti di <a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a>, provenisse dal patrimonio dei Sailendra.<sup id="cite_ref-sanjayasailendra2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanjayasailendra2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sovrani_del_Regno_Srivijaya">Sovrani del Regno Srivijaya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Sovrani del Regno Srivijaya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Sovrani del Regno Srivijaya"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balaputra divenne poco tempo dopo il primo sovrano dei Sailendra nel già potente Regno <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a>. Un'inscrizione trovata nell'antico sito buddhista di <a href="/wiki/N%C4%81land%C4%81" title="Nālandā">Nālandā</a>, nel nord dell'India, riporta che Balaputra finanziò nell'860 la costruzione di un edificio religioso,<sup id="cite_ref-coedes108_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coedes108-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a conferma del prestigio che la dinastia ebbe nella comunità buddhista internazionale di quell'epoca.<sup id="cite_ref-southeastasia_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southeastasia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I suoi discendenti continuarono a regnare in un periodo di splendore per Srivijaya. Un'inscrizione del 1005 in ricordo di una donazione di un sovrano <a href="/wiki/Chola" title="Chola">Chola</a> a un monastero nella <a href="/wiki/Costa_del_Coromandel" title="Costa del Coromandel">costa del Coromandel</a>, riporta che a quel tempo alla guida di Srivijaya vi era ancora un maharaja Sailendra.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il periodo d'oro di Srivijaya ebbe fine nel 1025 quando, con l'invasione di Sumatra e della penisola Malese da parte delle truppe della dinastia <a href="/wiki/Tamil_(popolo)" title="Tamil (popolo)">tamil</a> dei <a href="/wiki/Chola" title="Chola">Chola</a>, iniziò il declino del regno.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pur ridimensionati, i Sailendra riuscirono probabilmente a conservare il potere fino all'invasione di Sumatra e della <a href="/wiki/Penisola_Malese" class="mw-redirect" title="Penisola Malese">penisola Malese</a> da parte del Regno giavanese <a href="/wiki/Singhasari" title="Singhasari">Singhasari</a>, avvenuta nella seconda metà del <a href="/wiki/XIII_secolo" title="XIII secolo">XIII secolo</a>, che determinò la fine di Srivijaya.<sup id="cite_ref-treccani_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treccani-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_1-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413093519/http://global.britannica.com/topic/Shailendra-dynasty"><span style="font-style:italic;">Shailendra dynasty</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">global.britannica.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 19 settembre 2015</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://global.britannica.com/topic/Shailendra-dynasty">url originale</abbr> il 13 aprile 2016)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-southeastasia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-southeastasia_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-southeastasia_2-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-southeastasia_2-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-southeastasia_2-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-southeastasia_2-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-southeastasia_2-5">f</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Keat Gin Ooi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA1167&lpg=PA1167"><span style="font-style:italic;">Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor</span></a>, vol. 1, ABC-CLIO, 2004, pp. 1167-1168, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-57607-770-5" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-57607-770-5">1-57607-770-5</a>. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2015</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-treccani-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-treccani_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-treccani_3-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-treccani_3-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTreccani_sailendra_(Dizionario-di-Storia)" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/sailendra_(Dizionario-di-Storia)"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sailendra</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2010. <small>URL consultato il 20 settembre 2015</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/592"><span style="font-style:italic;">Borobudur Temple Compounds</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">whc.unesco.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 19 settembre 2015</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFVickery,_2003">Vickery, 2003</a>, pp 132-134</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suzuki-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-suzuki_6-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-suzuki_6-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Takashi Suzuki, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www7.plala.or.jp/seareview/newpage6Sri2011Chaiya.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Śrīvijaya towards Chaiya-The History of Srivijaya</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">plala.or.jp</span>, 15 marzo 2015. <small>URL consultato il 20 settembre 2015</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sanjayasailendra-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-sanjayasailendra_7-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-sanjayasailendra_7-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFIguchi,_2015">Iguchi, 2015</a>, Paragrafo: The Sanjaya and the Sailendra dynasties</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-higham-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-higham_8-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-higham_8-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-higham_8-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Charles Higham, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=H1c1UIEVH9gC&pg=PA291"><span style="font-style:italic;">Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations</span></a>, Infobase Publishing, 2009, p. 291, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-4381-0996-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-4381-0996-2">1-4381-0996-2</a>. <small>URL consultato il 19 settembre 2015</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guiness-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Guiness_9-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-3000/largest-buddhist-temple/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Largest Buddhist temple</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">guinnessworldrecords.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 20 settembre 2015</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coedes108-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-coedes108_10-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-coedes108_10-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFCoedes,_1968">Coedes, 1968</a>, pp. 108-109</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sanjayasailendra2-11"><a href="#cite_ref-sanjayasailendra2_11-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFIguchi,_2015">Iguchi, 2015</a>, Capitolo: Introduction: A Brief History of Java</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Daigorō Chihara, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=wiUTOanLClcC&pg=PA210"><span style="font-style:italic;">Hindu-Buddhist Architecture in Southeast Asia</span></a>, vol. 19, BRILL, 1996, p. 210, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/90-04-10512-3" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/90-04-10512-3">90-04-10512-3</a>. <small>URL consultato il 23 settembre 2015</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFCoedes,_1968">Coedes, 1968</a>, pp. 142-144</cite>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFCoedes,_1968" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) George Cœdès, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=iDyJBFTdiwoC"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Indianized States of South-East Asia</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">books.google.co.jp</span>, University of Hawaii Press, 1968, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-8248-0368-X" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-8248-0368-X">0-8248-0368-X</a>. <small>URL consultato il 19 settembre 2015</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIguchi,_2015" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Masatoshi Iguchi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=rFvsBQAAQBAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Java Essay: The History and Culture of a Southern Country</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">books.google.co.jp</span>, Troubador Publishing Ltd, 2015, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-78462-885-9" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-78462-885-9">1-78462-885-9</a>. <small>URL consultato il 22 settembre 2015</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVickery,_2003" class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Vickery, Michael, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/befeo_0336-1519_2003_num_90_1_3609"><span style="font-style:italic;">Some remarks on Early State Formation in Cambodia</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient</span>, vol. 90, n. 90-91, 2003, pp. 101-143. <small>URL consultato il 20 settembre 2015</small>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Sailendra"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sailendra?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sailendra?uselang=it">Sailendra</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Anton O. Zakharov, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606205314/https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/nsc_working_paper_series_12.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Sailendras Reconsidered</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), su <span style="font-style:italic;">iseas.edu.sg</span>, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, agosto 2012. <small>URL consultato il 3 luglio 2017</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https://iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/nsc_working_paper_series_12.pdf">url originale</abbr> il 6 giugno 2023)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationAsia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Asia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LocationAsia.svg/25px-LocationAsia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LocationAsia.svg/38px-LocationAsia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LocationAsia.svg/50px-LocationAsia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2751" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Asia" title="Portale:Asia">Portale Asia</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Storia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg/25px-Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg/38px-Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg/50px-Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="254" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Storia" title="Portale:Storia">Portale Storia</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&oldid=140056875">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sailendra&oldid=140056875</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Regni_asiatici_scomparsi" title="Categoria:Regni asiatici scomparsi">Regni asiatici scomparsi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Storia_dell%27Indonesia" title="Categoria:Storia dell'Indonesia">Storia dell'Indonesia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 6 lug 2024 alle 07:21.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; possono applicarsi condizioni ulteriori. 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