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<meta name="description" content="Search results for: WIND"> <meta name="keywords" content="WIND"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="WIND"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1202</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: WIND</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1202</span> Potentiality of the Wind Energy in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Benoudjafer">C. Benoudjafer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Tandjaoui"> M. N. Tandjaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Benachaiba"> C. Benachaiba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of kinetic energy of the wind is in full rise in the world and it starts to be known in our country but timidly. One or more aero generators can be installed to produce for example electricity on isolated places or not connected to the electrical supply network. To use the wind as energy source, it is necessary to know first the energy needs for the population and study the wind intensity, speed, frequency and direction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energies" title=" renewable energies"> renewable energies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind" title=" wind"> wind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20power" title=" wind power"> wind power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aero-generators" title=" aero-generators"> aero-generators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energetic%20potential" title=" wind energetic potential"> wind energetic potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19479/potentiality-of-the-wind-energy-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1201</span> Experimental Investigation of Tip-Speed-Ratio Effects on Wake Dynamics of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Bayron">Paul Bayron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Kelso"> Richard Kelso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rey%20Chin"> Rey Chin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind tunnel experiments were performed in the KC closed-circuit wind tunnel in the University of Adelaide to study the influence of tip-speed-ratio ( <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hotwire%20anemometry" title="hotwire anemometry">hotwire anemometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wake%20dynamics" title=" wake dynamics"> wake dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel" title=" wind tunnel"> wind tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbines" title=" wind turbines"> wind turbines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137158/experimental-investigation-of-tip-speed-ratio-effects-on-wake-dynamics-of-horizontal-axis-wind-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1200</span> A Study on Method for Identifying Capacity Factor Declination of Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongheon%20Shin">Dongheon Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyungnam%20Ko"> Kyungnam Ko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongchul%20Huh"> Jongchul Huh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The investigation on wind turbine degradation was carried out using the nacelle wind data. The three Vestas V80-2MW wind turbines of Sungsan wind farm in Jeju Island, South Korea were selected for this work. The SCADA data of the wind farm for five years were analyzed to draw power curve of the turbines. It is assumed that the wind distribution is the Rayleigh distribution to calculate the normalized capacity factor based on the drawn power curve of the three wind turbines for each year. The result showed that the reduction of power output from the three wind turbines occurred every year and the normalized capacity factor decreased to 0.12%/year on average. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy" title="wind energy">wind energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20curve" title=" power curve"> power curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity%20factor" title=" capacity factor"> capacity factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annual%20energy%20production" title=" annual energy production"> annual energy production</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21424/a-study-on-method-for-identifying-capacity-factor-declination-of-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1199</span> Design and Development of Wind Turbine Emulator to Operate with 1.5 kW Induction Generator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himani%20Ratna%20Dahiya">Himani Ratna Dahiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper contributes to design a Wind Emulator coupled to 1.5 kW Induction generator for Wind Energy Conversion System. A wind turbine emulator (WTE) is important equipment for developing wind energy conversion systems. It offers a controllable test environment that allows the evaluation and improvement of control schemes for electric generators that is hard to achieve with an actual wind turbine since the wind speed varies randomly. In this paper a wind emulator is modeled and simulated using MATLAB. Verification of the simulation results is done by experimental setup using DC motor-Induction generator set, LABVIEW and data acquisition card. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wind%20Turbine%20Emulator" title="Wind Turbine Emulator">Wind Turbine Emulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LABVIEW" title=" LABVIEW"> LABVIEW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matlab" title=" matlab"> matlab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20generator" title=" induction generator"> induction generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16620/design-and-development-of-wind-turbine-emulator-to-operate-with-15-kw-induction-generator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">590</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1198</span> Assessment of the Effect of Wind Turbulence on the Aero-Hydrodynamic Behavior of Offshore Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Dezvareh">Reza Dezvareh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to investigate the amount of wind turbulence on the aero hydrodynamic behavior of offshore wind turbines with a monopile holder platform. Since in the sea, the wind turbine structures are under water and structures interactions, the dynamic analysis has been conducted under combined wind and wave loading. The offshore wind turbines have been investigated undertow models of normal and severe wind turbulence, and the results of this study show that the amplitude of fluctuation of dynamic response of structures including thrust force and base shear force of structures is increased with increasing the amount of wind turbulence, and this increase is not necessarily observed in the mean values of responses. Therefore, conducting the dynamic analysis is inevitable in order to observe the effect of wind turbulence on the structures' response. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20wind%20turbine" title="offshore wind turbine">offshore wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbulence" title=" wind turbulence"> wind turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20vibration" title=" structural vibration"> structural vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aero-hydro%20dynamic" title=" aero-hydro dynamic"> aero-hydro dynamic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82641/assessment-of-the-effect-of-wind-turbulence-on-the-aero-hydrodynamic-behavior-of-offshore-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1197</span> Wind Energy Potential of Southern Sindh, Pakistan for Power Generation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Akhlaque%20Ahmed">M. Akhlaque Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maliha%20Afshan%20Siddiqui"> Maliha Afshan Siddiqui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study has been carried out to see the prospect of wind power potential of southern Sindh namely Karachi, Hawksbay, Norriabad, Hyderabad, Ketibander and Shahbander using local wind speed data. The monthly average wind speed for these area ranges from 4.5m/sec to 8.5m/sec at 30m height from ground. Extractable wind power, wind energy and Weibul parameter for above mentioned areas have been examined. Furthermore, the power output using fast and slow wind machine using different blade diameter along with the 4Kw and 20 Kw aero-generator were examined to see the possible use for deep well pumping and electricity supply to remote villages. The analysis reveals that in this wind corridor of southern Sindh Hawksbay, Ketibander and Shahbander belongs to wind power class-3 Hyderabad and Nooriabad belongs to wind power class-5 and Karachi belongs to wind power class-2. The result shows that the that higher wind speed values occur between June till August. It was found that considering maximum wind speed location, Hawksbay,Noriabad are the best location for setting up wind machines for power generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy%20generation" title="wind energy generation">wind energy generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Southern%20Sindh" title=" Southern Sindh"> Southern Sindh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonal%20change" title=" seasonal change"> seasonal change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibull%20parameter" title=" Weibull parameter"> Weibull parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20machines" title=" wind machines"> wind machines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100211/wind-energy-potential-of-southern-sindh-pakistan-for-power-generation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1196</span> An Assessment of Wind Energy in Sanar Village in North of Iran Using Weibull Function</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsanolah%20Assareh">Ehsanolah Assareh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Biglari"> Mojtaba Biglari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Nedaei"> Mojtaba Nedaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sanar village in north of Iran is a remote region with difficult access to electricity, grid and water supply. Thus the aim of this research is to evaluate the potential of wind as a power source either for electricity generation or for water pumping. In this study the statistical analysis has been performed by Weibull distribution function. The results show that the Weibull distribution has fitted the wind data very well. Also it has been demonstrated that wind speed at 40 m height is ranged from 1.75 m/s in Dec to 3.28 m/s in Aug with average value of 2.69 m/s. In this research, different wind speed characteristics such as turbulence intensity, wind direction, monthly air temperature, humidity wind power density and other related parameters have been investigated. Finally it was concluded that the wind energy in the Sanar village may be explored by employing modern wind turbines that require very lower start-up speeds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy" title="wind energy">wind energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title=" wind turbine"> wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weibull" title=" weibull"> weibull</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanar%20village" title=" Sanar village"> Sanar village</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16648/an-assessment-of-wind-energy-in-sanar-village-in-north-of-iran-using-weibull-function" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1195</span> Experimental and CFD of Desgined Small Wind Turbine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20A.%20Mekail">Tarek A. Mekail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20M.%20A.%20Elmagid"> Walid M. A. Elmagid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many researches have concentrated on improving the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine blade through testing and theoretical studies. A small wind turbine blade is designed, fabricated and tested. The power performance of small horizontal axis wind turbines is simulated in details using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). The three-dimensional CFD models are presented using ANSYS-CFX v13 software for predicting the performance of a small horizontal axis wind turbine. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data measured from a small wind turbine model, which designed according to a vehicle-based test system. The analysis of wake effect and aerodynamic of the blade can be carried out when the rotational effect was simulated. Finally, comparison between experimental, numerical and analytical performance has been done. The comparison is fairly good. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20wind%20turbine" title="small wind turbine">small wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20of%20wind%20turbine" title=" CFD of wind turbine"> CFD of wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20of%20wind%20turbine" title=" performance of wind turbine"> performance of wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20of%20small%20wind%20turbine" title=" test of small wind turbine"> test of small wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine%20aerodynamic" title=" wind turbine aerodynamic"> wind turbine aerodynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20model" title=" 3D model"> 3D model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18446/experimental-and-cfd-of-desgined-small-wind-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">542</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1194</span> Optimal Type and Installation Time of Wind Farm in a Power System, Considering Service Providers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Abedi">M. H. Abedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Jalilvand"> A. Jalilvand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The economic development benefits of wind energy may be the most tangible basis for the local and state officials’ interests. In addition to the direct salaries associated with building and operating wind projects, the wind energy industry provides indirect jobs and benefits. The optimal planning of a wind farm is one most important topic in renewable energy technology. Many methods have been implemented to optimize the cost and output benefit of wind farms, but the contribution of this paper is mentioning different types of service providers and also time of installation of wind turbines during planning horizon years. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the problem. It is observed that an appropriate layout of wind farm can cause to minimize the different types of cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title="renewable energy">renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20farm" title=" wind farm"> wind farm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning" title=" planning"> planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36510/optimal-type-and-installation-time-of-wind-farm-in-a-power-system-considering-service-providers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1193</span> Effects of Wind Load on the Tank Structures with Various Shapes and Aspect Ratios</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doo%20Byong%20Bae">Doo Byong Bae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Jun%20Yoo"> Jae Jun Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Il%20Gyu%20Park"> Il Gyu Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choi%20Seowon"> Choi Seowon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oh%20Chang%20Kook"> Oh Chang Kook</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are several wind load provisions to evaluate the wind response on tank structures such as API, Euro-code, etc. the assessment of wind action applying these provisions is made by performing the finite element analysis using both linear bifurcation analysis and geometrically nonlinear analysis. By comparing the pressure patterns obtained from the analysis with the results of wind tunnel test, most appropriate wind load criteria will be recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20load" title="wind load">wind load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20bifurcation%20analysis" title=" linear bifurcation analysis"> linear bifurcation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometrically%20nonlinear%20analysis" title=" geometrically nonlinear analysis"> geometrically nonlinear analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45923/effects-of-wind-load-on-the-tank-structures-with-various-shapes-and-aspect-ratios" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">637</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1192</span> Expanding the Evaluation Criteria for a Wind Turbine Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Balachin">Ivan Balachin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geanette%20Polanco"> Geanette Polanco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiang%20%20Xingliang"> Jiang Xingliang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hu%20Qin"> Hu Qin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of global warming raised up interest towards renewable energy sources. To reduce cost of wind energy is a challenge. Before building of wind park conditions such as: average wind speed, direction, time for each wind, probability of icing, must be considered in the design phase. Operation values used on the setting of control systems also will depend on mentioned variables. Here it is proposed a procedure to be include in the evaluation of the performance of a wind turbine, based on the amplitude of wind changes, the number of changes and their duration. A generic study case based on actual data is presented. Data analysing techniques were applied to model the power required for yaw system based on amplitude and data amount of wind changes. A theoretical model between time, amplitude of wind changes and angular speed of nacelle rotation was identified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20data%20processing" title="field data processing">field data processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20determination" title=" regression determination"> regression determination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine%20performance" title=" wind turbine performance"> wind turbine performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine%20placing" title=" wind turbine placing"> wind turbine placing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yaw%20system%20losses" title=" yaw system losses"> yaw system losses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81619/expanding-the-evaluation-criteria-for-a-wind-turbine-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1191</span> Estimation of Wind Characteristics and Energy Yield at Different Towns in Libya </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farag%20Ahwide">Farag Ahwide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Souhel%20Bousheha"> Souhel Bousheha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A technical assessment has been made of electricity generation, considering wind turbines ranging between Vestas (V80-2.0 MW and V112-3.0 MW) and the air density is equal to 1.225 Kg/m3, at different towns in Libya. Wind speed might have been measured each 3 hours during 10 m stature at a time for 10 quite sometime between 2000 Furthermore 2009, these towns which are spotted on the bank from claiming Mediterranean ocean also how in the desert, which need aid Derna 1, Derna 2, Shahat, Benghazi, Ajdabya, Sirte, Misurata, Tripoli-Airport, Al-Zawya, Al-Kofra, Sabha, Nalut. The work presented long term "wind data analysis in terms of annual, seasonal, monthly and diurnal variations at these sites. Wind power density with different heights has been studied. Excel sheet program was used to calculate the values of wind power density and the values of wind speed frequency for the stations; their seasonally values have been estimated. Limit variable with rated wind pace to 10 different wind turbines need to be been estimated, which is used to focus those required yearly vitality yield of a wind vitality change framework (WECS), acknowledging wind turbines extending between 600 kW and 3000 kW). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20yield" title="energy yield">energy yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbines" title=" wind turbines"> wind turbines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20speed" title=" wind speed"> wind speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20power%20density" title=" wind power density"> wind power density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70620/estimation-of-wind-characteristics-and-energy-yield-at-different-towns-in-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1190</span> Design a Small-Scale Irrigation Wind-Powered Water Pump Using a Savonius Type VAWT</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getnet%20Ayele%20%20Kebede">Getnet Ayele Kebede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tasew%20Tadiwose%20%20Zewdie"> Tasew Tadiwose Zewdie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a novel design of a wind-powered water pump for small-scale irrigation application by using the Savonius wind turbine of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine(VAWT) with 2 blades has been used. Calculations have been made on the energy available in the wind and an energy analysis was then performed to see what wind speed is required for the system to work. The rotor has a radius of 0.53 m giving a swept area of 1.27 m2 and this gives a solidity of 0.5, which is the minimum theoretical optimum value for wind turbine. The average extracted torque of the wind turbine is 0.922 Nm and Tip speed ratio is one this shows, the tips are moving at equal the speed of the wind and by 2 rotating of blades. This is sufficient to sustain the desired flow rate of (0.3125X 10-3) m3 per second with a maximum head of 10m and the expected working is 4hr/day, and also overcome other barriers to motion such as friction. Based on this novel design, we are able to achieve a cost-effective solution and simultaneously effective in self-starting under low wind speeds and it can catch the wind from all directions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Savonius%20wind%20turbine" title="Savonius wind turbine">Savonius wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Small-scale%20irrigation" title=" Small-scale irrigation"> Small-scale irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vertical%20Axis%20Wind%20Turbine" title=" Vertical Axis Wind Turbine"> Vertical Axis Wind Turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Water%20pump" title=" Water pump"> Water pump</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121075/design-a-small-scale-irrigation-wind-powered-water-pump-using-a-savonius-type-vawt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1189</span> Prediction of Wind Speed by Artificial Neural Networks for Energy Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Adjiri-Bailiche">S. Adjiri-Bailiche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Boudia"> S. M. Boudia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Daaou"> H. Daaou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Hadouche"> S. Hadouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benzaoui"> A. Benzaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work the study of changes in the wind speed depending on the altitude is calculated and described by the model of the neural networks, the use of measured data, the speed and direction of wind, temperature and the humidity at 10 m are used as input data and as data targets at 50m above sea level. Comparing predict wind speeds and extrapolated at 50 m above sea level is performed. The results show that the prediction by the method of artificial neural networks is very accurate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20low" title=" power low"> power low</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20extrapolation" title=" vertical extrapolation"> vertical extrapolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy" title=" wind energy"> wind energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20speed" title=" wind speed "> wind speed </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17635/prediction-of-wind-speed-by-artificial-neural-networks-for-energy-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">692</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1188</span> A Comparative Study between Ionic Wind and Conventional Fan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20R.%20Lee">J. R. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20V.%20Lau"> E. V. Lau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ionic wind is developed when high voltage is supplied to an anode and a grounded cathode in a gaseous medium. This paper studies the ionic wind profile with different anode configurations, the relationship between electrode gap against the voltage supplied and finally a comparison of the heat transfer coefficient of ionic wind over a horizontal flat plate against a conventional fan experimentally. It is observed that increase in the distance between electrodes decreases at a rate of 1-e-0.0206x as the voltage supply is increased until a distance of 3.1536cm. It is also observed that the wind speed produced by ionic wind is stronger, 2.7ms-1 at 2W compared to conventional fan, 2.5ms-1 at 2W but the wind produced decays at a fast exponential rate and is more localized as compared to conventional fan wind that decays at a slower exponential rate and is less localized. Next, it is found out that the ionic wind profile is the same regardless of the position of the anode relative to the cathode. Lastly, it is discovered that ionic wind produced a heat transfer coefficient that is almost 1.6 times higher compared to a conventional fan with Nusselt number reaching 164 compared to 102 for conventional fan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20fan" title="conventional fan">conventional fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20wind" title=" ionic wind"> ionic wind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20profile" title=" wind profile "> wind profile </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21860/a-comparative-study-between-ionic-wind-and-conventional-fan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1187</span> Wind Power Forecast Error Simulation Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josip%20Vasilj">Josip Vasilj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petar%20Sarajcev"> Petar Sarajcev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damir%20Jakus"> Damir Jakus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the major difficulties introduced with wind power penetration is the inherent uncertainty in production originating from uncertain wind conditions. This uncertainty impacts many different aspects of power system operation, especially the balancing power requirements. For this reason, in power system development planing, it is necessary to evaluate the potential uncertainty in future wind power generation. For this purpose, simulation models are required, reproducing the performance of wind power forecasts. This paper presents a wind power forecast error simulation models which are based on the stochastic process simulation. Proposed models capture the most important statistical parameters recognized in wind power forecast error time series. Furthermore, two distinct models are presented based on data availability. First model uses wind speed measurements on potential or existing wind power plant locations, while the seconds model uses statistical distribution of wind speeds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20power" title="wind power">wind power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty" title=" uncertainty"> uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20process" title=" stochastic process"> stochastic process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation" title=" Monte Carlo simulation"> Monte Carlo simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17977/wind-power-forecast-error-simulation-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1186</span> Development of Low Noise Savonius Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanghyeon%20Kim">Sanghyeon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheolung%20Cheong"> Cheolung Cheong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Savonius wind turbines are a drag-type of vertical-axis wind turbine that has been used most commonly as a small-scale wind generator. However, noise is a main hindrance to wide spreading of Savonius wind turbines, just like other wind turbines. Although noise levels radiating from Savonius wind turbines may be relatively low because of their small size, they induce relatively high annoyance due to their prolonged noise exposure to the near community. Therefore, aerodynamic noise of small vertical-axis wind turbines is one of most important design parameters. In this paper, aerodynamic noise characteristics of Savonius wind turbines are investigated using the hybrid CAA techniques, and their low noise designs are proposed based on understanding of noise generation mechanism. First, flow field around the turbine are analyzed by solving 3-D unsteady incompressible RANS equations. Then, noise radiation is predicted using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation. Two distinct harmonic noise components, the well-know BPF components and the harmonics whose fundamental frequency is much higher than the BPF are identified. On a basis of this finding, S-shaped blades are proposed as low noise designs and it can reduce the noise levels of Savonius wind turbines by up to 2.7 dB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20noise" title="aerodynamic noise">aerodynamic noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Savonius%20wind%20turbine" title=" Savonius wind turbine"> Savonius wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical-axis%20wind%20turbine" title=" vertical-axis wind turbine"> vertical-axis wind turbine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2482/development-of-low-noise-savonius-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1185</span> Wind Power Potential in Selected Algerian Sahara Regions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Dahbi">M. Dahbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sellam"> M. Sellam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benatiallah"> A. Benatiallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Harrouz"> A. Harrouz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wind energy is one of the most significant and rapidly developing renewable energy sources in the world and it provides a clean energy resource, which is a promising alternative in the short term in Algeria The main purpose of this paper is to compared and discuss the wind power potential in three sites located in sahara of Algeria (south west of Algeria) and to perform an investigation on the wind power potential of desert of Algeria. In this comparative, wind speed frequency distributions data obtained from the web site SODA.com are used to calculate the average wind speed and the available wind power. The Weibull density function has been used to estimate the monthly power wind density and to determine the characteristics of monthly parameters of Weibull for these three sites. The annual energy produced by the BWC XL.1 1KW wind machine is obtained and compared. The analysis shows that in the south west of Algeria, at 10 m height, the available wind power was found to vary between 136.59 W/m2 and 231.04 W/m2. The highest potential wind power was found at Adrar, with 21h per day and the mean wind speed is above 6 m/s. Besides, it is found that the annual wind energy generated by that machine lie between 512 KWh and 1643.2 kWh. However, the wind resource appears to be suitable for power production on the sahara and it could provide a viable substitute to diesel oil for irrigation pumps and rural electricity generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibull%20distribution" title="Weibull distribution">Weibull distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameters%20of%20Wiebull" title=" parameters of Wiebull"> parameters of Wiebull</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy" title=" wind energy"> wind energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title=" wind turbine"> wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operating%20hours" title=" operating hours"> operating hours</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19968/wind-power-potential-in-selected-algerian-sahara-regions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1184</span> Wind Power Density and Energy Conversion in Al-Adwas Ras-Huwirah Area, Hadhramout, Yemen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bawadi%20M.%20A.">Bawadi M. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbad%20J.%20A."> Abbad J. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baras%20E.%20A."> Baras E. A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to assess wind energy resources in the area of Al-Adwas Ras-Huwirah Hadhramout Governorate, Yemen, through using statistical calculations, the Weibull model and SPSS program were used in the monthly and the annual to analyze the wind energy resource; the convergence of wind energy; turbine efficiency in the selected area. Wind speed data was obtained from NASA over a period of ten years (2010-2019) and at heights of 50 m above ground level. Probability distributions derived from wind data and their distribution parameters are determined. The density probability function is fitted to the measured probability distributions on an annual basis. This study also involves locating preliminary sites for wind farms using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. This further leads to maximizing the output energy from the most suitable wind turbines in the proposed site. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20speed%20analysis" title="wind speed analysis">wind speed analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yemen%20wind%20energy" title=" Yemen wind energy"> Yemen wind energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20power%20density" title=" wind power density"> wind power density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibull%20distribution%20model" title=" Weibull distribution model"> Weibull distribution model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165480/wind-power-density-and-energy-conversion-in-al-adwas-ras-huwirah-area-hadhramout-yemen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1183</span> The Acoustic Performance of Double-skin Wind Energy Facade</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Mota%20Carmo">Sara Mota Carmo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind energy applied in architecture has been largely abandoned due to the uncomfortable noise it causes. This study aims to investigate the acoustical performance in the urban environment and indoor environment of a double-skin wind energy facade. Measurements for sound transmission were recorded by using a hand-held sound meter device on a reduced-scale prototype of a wind energy fa莽ade. The applied wind intensities ranged between 2m/s and 8m/s, and the increase sound produced were proportional to the wind intensity.The study validates the acoustic performance of wind energy fa莽ade using a double skin fa莽ade system, showing that noise reduction indoor by approximately 30 to 35 dB. However, the results found that above 6m/s win intensity, in urban environment, the wind energy system applied to the fa莽ade exceeds the maximum 50dB recommended by world health organization and needs some adjustments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double-skin%20wind%20energy%20facade" title="double-skin wind energy facade">double-skin wind energy facade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20energy%20facade" title=" acoustic energy facade"> acoustic energy facade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy%20in%20architecture" title=" wind energy in architecture"> wind energy in architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy%20prototype" title=" wind energy prototype"> wind energy prototype</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171934/the-acoustic-performance-of-double-skin-wind-energy-facade" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1182</span> Improving Power Quality in Wind Power Generation System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Omeiri">A. Omeiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Djellad"> A. Djellad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20O.%20Logerais"> P. O. Logerais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Riou"> O. Riou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20F.%20Durastanti"> J. F. Durastanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the growing of electrical energy demand, wind power capacity has experienced tremendous growth in the past decade, thanks to wind power鈥檚 environmental benefits. Direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with a full size back-to-back converter set is one of the promising technologies employed with wind power generation. Wind grid integration brings the problems of voltage fluctuation and harmonic pollution. In the present study, the filter is placed between the wind system and the network to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) and enhance power quality during disturbances. The models of wind turbine, PMSG, power electronic converters and the filter are implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy%20conversion%20system" title="wind energy conversion system">wind energy conversion system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMSG" title=" PMSG"> PMSG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM" title=" PWM"> PWM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THD" title=" THD"> THD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20quality" title=" power quality"> power quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20filter" title=" passive filter"> passive filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21899/improving-power-quality-in-wind-power-generation-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">648</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1181</span> Vibration Signals of Small Vertical Axis Wind Turbines </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqoul%20H.%20H.%20Alanezy">Aqoul H. H. Alanezy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20M.%20Abdelsalam"> Ali M. Abdelsalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouby%20M.%20Ghazaly"> Nouby M. Ghazaly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, progress has been made in increasing the renewable energy share in the power sector particularly in the wind. The experimental study conducted in this paper aims to investigate the effects of number of blades and inflow wind speed on vibration signals of a vertical axis Savonius type wind turbine. The operation of the model of Savonius type wind turbine is conducted to compare two, three and four blades wind turbines to show vibration amplitudes related with wind speed. It is found that the increase of the number of blades leads to decrease of the vibration magnitude. Furthermore, inflow wind speed has reduced effect on the vibration level for higher number of blades. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Savonius%20type%20wind%20turbine" title="Savonius type wind turbine">Savonius type wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=number%20of%20blades" title=" number of blades"> number of blades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration%20signals" title=" vibration signals "> vibration signals </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106098/vibration-signals-of-small-vertical-axis-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1180</span> Low Voltage Ride through Capability Techniques for DFIG-Based Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20O.%20Zain%20Elabideen">Sherif O. Zain Elabideen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Helal"> Ahmed A. Helal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20F.%20El-Arabawy"> Ibrahim F. El-Arabawy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the drastic increase of the wind turbines installed capacity; the grid codes are increasing the restrictions aiming to treat the wind turbines like other conventional sources sooner. In this paper, an intensive review has been presented for different techniques used to add low voltage ride through capability to Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) wind turbine. A system model with 1.5 MW DFIG wind turbine is constructed and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK to explore the effectiveness of the reviewed techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFIG" title="DFIG">DFIG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid%20side%20converters" title=" grid side converters"> grid side converters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20voltage%20ride%20through" title=" low voltage ride through"> low voltage ride through</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title=" wind turbine"> wind turbine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49677/low-voltage-ride-through-capability-techniques-for-dfig-based-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1179</span> Wind Turbines Optimization: Shield Structure for a High Wind Speed Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniyar%20Seitenov">Daniyar Seitenov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazim%20Mir-Nasiri"> Nazim Mir-Nasiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optimization of horizontal axis semi-exposed wind turbine has been performed using a shield protection that automatically protects the generator shaft at extreme wind speeds from over speeding, mechanical damage and continues generating electricity during the high wind speed conditions. A semi-exposed to wind generator has been designed and its structure has been described in this paper. The simplified point-force dynamic load model on the blades has been derived for normal and extreme wind conditions with and without shield involvement. Numerical simulation has been conducted at different values of wind speed to study the efficiency of shield application. The obtained results show that the maximum power generated by the wind turbine with shield does not exceed approximately the rated value of the generator, where shield serves as an automatic break for extreme wind speed values of 15 m/sec and above. Meantime the wind turbine without shield produced a power that is much larger than the rated value. The optimized horizontal axis semi-exposed wind turbine with shield protection is suitable for low and medium power generation when installed on the roofs of high rise buildings for harvesting wind energy. Wind shield works automatically with no power consumption. The structure of the generator with the protection, math simulation of kinematics and dynamics of power generation has been described in details in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title="renewable energy">renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title=" wind turbine"> wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine%20optimization" title=" wind turbine optimization"> wind turbine optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20wind%20speed" title=" high wind speed"> high wind speed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99809/wind-turbines-optimization-shield-structure-for-a-high-wind-speed-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1178</span> An Overview of Onshore and Offshore Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Borhani">Mohammad Borhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshin%20Danehkar"> Afshin Danehkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increase in population and the upward trend of energy demand, mankind has thought of using suppliers that guarantee a stable supply of energy, unlike fossil fuels, which, in addition to the widespread emission of greenhouse gases that one of the main factors in the destruction of the ozone layer and it will be finished in a short time in the not-so-distant future. In this regard, one of the sustainable ways of energy supply is the use of wind converters. That convert wind energy into electricity. For this reason, this research focused on wind turbines and their installation conditions. The main classification of wind turbines is based on the axis of rotation, which is divided into two groups: horizontal axis and vertical axis; each of these two types, with the advancement of technology in man-made environments such as cities, villages, airports, and other human environments can be installed and operated. The main difference between offshore and onshore wind turbines is their installation and foundation. Which are usually divided into five types; including of Monopile Wind Turbines, Jacket Wind Turbines, Tripile Wind Turbines, Gravity-Based Wind Turbines, and Floating Offshore Wind Turbines. For installation in a wind power plant requires an arrangement that produces electric power, the distance between the turbines is usually between 5 or 7 times the diameter of the rotor and if perpendicular to the wind direction be If they are 3 to 5 times the diameter of the rotor, they will be more efficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20farms" title="wind farms">wind farms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Savonius" title=" Savonius"> Savonius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darrieus" title=" Darrieus"> Darrieus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20wind%20turbine" title=" offshore wind turbine"> offshore wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178959/an-overview-of-onshore-and-offshore-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1177</span> Dynamics Behavior of DFIG Wind Energy Conversion System Incase Dip Voltage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Zerzouri">N. Zerzouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Benalia"> N. Benalia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Bensiali"> N. Bensiali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During recent years wind turbine technology has undergone rapid developments. Growth in size and the optimization of wind turbines has enabled wind energy to become increasingly competitive with conventional energy sources. As a result today鈥檚 wind turbines participate actively in the power production of several countries around the world. These developments raise a number of challenges to be dealt with now and in the future. The penetration of wind energy in the grid raises questions about the compatibility of the wind turbine power production with the grid. In particular, the contribution to grid stability, power quality and behavior during fault situations plays therefore as important a role as the reliability. In the present work, we addressed two fault situations that have shown their influence on the generator and the behavior of the wind over the defects which are briefly discussed based on simulation results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doubly%20fed%20induction%20generator%20%28DFIG%29" title="doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)">doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy" title=" wind energy"> wind energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid%20fault" title=" grid fault"> grid fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20engineering" title=" electrical engineering"> electrical engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21562/dynamics-behavior-of-dfig-wind-energy-conversion-system-incase-dip-voltage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1176</span> Steady State Analysis of Distribution System with Wind Generation Uncertainity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakir%20Husain">Zakir Husain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neem%20Sagar"> Neem Sagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20Gupta"> Neeraj Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the increased penetration of renewable energy resources in the distribution system, the system is no longer passive in nature. In this paper, a steady state analysis of the distribution system has been done with the inclusion of wind generation. The modeling of wind turbine generator system and wind generator has been made to obtain the average active and the reactive power injection into the system. The study has been conducted on a IEEE-33 bus system with two wind generators. The present research work is useful not only to utilities but also to customers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20generation" title="distributed generation">distributed generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20network" title=" distribution network"> distribution network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20network" title=" radial network"> radial network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine%20generating%20system" title=" wind turbine generating system"> wind turbine generating system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83863/steady-state-analysis-of-distribution-system-with-wind-generation-uncertainity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1175</span> Wind Farm Power Performance Verification Using Non-Parametric Statistical Inference</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Celeska">M. Celeska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Najdenkoski"> K. Najdenkoski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Dimchev"> V. Dimchev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Stoilkov"> V. Stoilkov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accurate determination of wind turbine performance is necessary for economic operation of a wind farm. At present, the procedure to carry out the power performance verification of wind turbines is based on a standard of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). In this paper, nonparametric statistical inference is applied to designing a simple, inexpensive method of verifying the power performance of a wind turbine. A statistical test is explained, examined, and the adequacy is tested over real data. The methods use the information that is collected by the SCADA system (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) from the sensors embedded in the wind turbines in order to carry out the power performance verification of a wind farm. The study has used data on the monthly output of wind farm in the Republic of Macedonia, and the time measuring interval was from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016. At the end, it is concluded whether the power performance of a wind turbine differed significantly from what would be expected. The results of the implementation of the proposed methods showed that the power performance of the specific wind farm under assessment was acceptable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canonical%20correlation%20analysis" title="canonical correlation analysis">canonical correlation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20curve" title=" power curve"> power curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20performance" title=" power performance"> power performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy" title=" wind energy"> wind energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82985/wind-farm-power-performance-verification-using-non-parametric-statistical-inference" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1174</span> Design and Analysis of Blade Length and Number of Blades of Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Gul">Ali Gul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhart%20Kumar"> Bhart Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samiullah%20Ansari"> Samiullah Ansari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current research is focused on the study of various lengths of blades (i.e. 1 to 5m) and several bladed rotors (3,5,7 & 9) of small horizontal axis wind turbine under low wind conditions usingQBlade software. Initially, the rotor was designed using airfoil SG6043 with five different lengths of the blades. Subsequently, simulations were carried out in which, under low wind regimes, the power output was observed. Further, four rotors having 3,5,7 & 9 blades were analyzed. However, the most promising coefficient of performance (CP) was observed at the 3-bladed rotor. Both studies established a clear view of harvesting wind energy at low wind speeds that can be mobilized in the energy sector. That suggests the utilization of wind energy at the domestic levelwhich is acceleratory growing in the last few decades. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20HAWT" title="small HAWT">small HAWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QBlade" title=" QBlade"> QBlade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BEM" title=" BEM"> BEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145078/design-and-analysis-of-blade-length-and-number-of-blades-of-small-horizontal-axis-wind-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1173</span> Applied Bayesian Regularized Artificial Neural Network for Up-Scaling Wind Speed Profile and Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aghbalou%20Nihad">Aghbalou Nihad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charki%20Abderafi"> Charki Abderafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saida%20Rahali"> Saida Rahali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reklaoui%20Kamal"> Reklaoui Kamal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maximize the benefit from the wind energy potential is the most interest of the wind power stakeholders. As a result, the wind tower size is radically increasing. Nevertheless, choosing an appropriate wind turbine for a selected site require an accurate estimate of vertical wind profile. It is also imperative from cost and maintenance strategy point of view. Then, installing tall towers or even more expensive devices such as LIDAR or SODAR raises the costs of a wind power project. Various models were developed coming within this framework. However, they suffer from complexity, generalization and lacks accuracy. In this work, we aim to investigate the ability of neural network trained using the Bayesian Regularization technique to estimate wind speed profile up to height of 100 m based on knowledge of wind speed lower heights. Results show that the proposed approach can achieve satisfactory predictions and proof the suitability of the proposed method for generating wind speed profile and probability distributions based on knowledge of wind speed at lower heights. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bayesian%20regularization" title="bayesian regularization">bayesian regularization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20shear" title=" wind shear"> wind shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title=" accuracy"> accuracy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24218/applied-bayesian-regularized-artificial-neural-network-for-up-scaling-wind-speed-profile-and-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WIND&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WIND&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WIND&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WIND&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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