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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Utvikling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utvikling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Utvikling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utvikling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mahāyāna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahāyāna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mahāyāna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahāyāna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mahāyāna-skrifter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahāyāna-skrifter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mahāyāna-skrifter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahāyāna-skrifter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utbredelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utbredelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Utbredelse</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Utbredelse-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Utbredelse</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Utbredelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mahâyâna-skoler_i_Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahâyâna-skoler_i_Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mahâyâna-skoler i Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahâyâna-skoler_i_Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mahâyâna-skoler_i_Kina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahâyâna-skoler_i_Kina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Mahâyâna-skoler i Kina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahâyâna-skoler_i_Kina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mahâyâna-skoler_i_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahâyâna-skoler_i_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Mahâyâna-skoler i Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahâyâna-skoler_i_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vajrâyâna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vajrâyâna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vajrâyâna</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vajrâyâna-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Vajrâyâna</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vajrâyâna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-i_Tibet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#i_Tibet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>i Tibet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-i_Tibet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-i_Kina_og_Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#i_Kina_og_Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>i Kina og Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-i_Kina_og_Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utbredelse_i_Norge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utbredelse_i_Norge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Utbredelse i Norge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utbredelse_i_Norge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahāyāna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 97 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Mahāyāna – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mahāyāna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ماهايانا – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماهايانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="মহাযান – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মহাযান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="মহাযান – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহাযান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81i-s%C4%93ng_Hu%CC%8Dt-k%C3%A0u" title="Tāi-sēng Hu̍t-kàu – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tāi-sēng Hu̍t-kàu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="महायान – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="महायान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Махаяна – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Махаяна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C3%A1j%C3%A1na" title="Mahájána – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mahájána" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajaana" title="Mahajaana – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mahajaana" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Μαχαγιάνα – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαχαγιάνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Mahāyāna – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mahāyāna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajano" title="Mahajano – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mahajano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Mahāyāna – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mahāyāna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="مهایانه – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهایانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouddhisme_mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Bouddhisme mahāyāna – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bouddhisme mahāyāna" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%8A%B9%EB%B6%88%EA%B5%90" title="대승불교 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대승불교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="महायान – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महायान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajana" title="Mahajana – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mahajana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Mahāyāna – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mahāyāna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddismo_Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Buddismo Mahāyāna – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Buddismo Mahāyāna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94" title="מהאיאנה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מהאיאנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="მაჰაიანა – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაჰაიანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Махаяна – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Махаяна" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boudism_mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Boudism mahāyāna – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Boudism mahāyāna" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Махаяна – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Махаяна" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Mahāyāna – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mahāyāna" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ມະຫາຍານ – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມະຫາຍານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C4%81j%C4%81nas_budisms" title="Mahājānas budisms – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mahājānas budisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajana" title="Mahajana – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mahajana" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C3%A1j%C3%A1na" title="Mahájána – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mahájána" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Махајана – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Махајана" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodisma_mahaiana" title="Bodisma mahaiana – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bodisma mahaiana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="മഹായാനം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മഹായാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="महायान – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="महायान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ماهايانا – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماهايانا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="مهایانه – mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مهایانه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Махаяна – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Махаяна" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94" title="မဟာယာန – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မဟာယာန" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="महायान – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="महायान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="महायान – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="महायान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%97%E4%BB%8F%E6%95%99" title="大乗仏教 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大乗仏教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodisme_mahayana" title="Bodisme mahayana – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bodisme mahayana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮਹਾਯਾਨ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਹਾਯਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مہایان – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مہایان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="مهايانا – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مهايانا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayaana" title="Mahayaana – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Mahayaana" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="មហាយាន – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មហាយាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajana" title="Mahajana – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mahajana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaiana" title="Maaiana – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maaiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Mahāyāna – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mahāyāna" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Махаяна – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Махаяна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="महायानम् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="महायानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajana" title="Mahajana – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mahajana" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B8" title="මහායාන බුදු දහම – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මහායාන බුදු දහම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C3%A1j%C3%A1na" title="Mahájána – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mahájána" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ماھایانا – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماھایانا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Махајана – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Махајана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajana" title="Mahajana – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mahajana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajana" title="Mahajana – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mahajana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budismong_Mahayana" title="Budismong Mahayana – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Budismong Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8C%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மகாயான பௌத்தம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மகாயான பௌத்தம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="మహాయానం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మహాయానం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="มหายาน – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหายาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Махаяна – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Махаяна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Buddha_Kopf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Buddha_Kopf.jpg/250px-Buddha_Kopf.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Buddha_Kopf.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Siddharta Gautama - Buddha</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mahāyāna</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">sanskrit</a>) er én av tre hovedretninger i <a href="/wiki/Buddhisme" title="Buddhisme">buddhismen</a> ved siden av <a href="/wiki/Therav%C4%81da" title="Theravāda">Theravāda</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vajrayana">Vajrâyâna</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utvikling">Utvikling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Utvikling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Utvikling"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Mahâyâna</b> betyr den store vogna og har som mål å gi så mange mennesker som mulig tilgang til opplysning (<a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a>). Denne retningen oppstod i India omkring det <a href="/wiki/1._%C3%A5rhundre" title="1. århundre">1. århundre fvt.</a>, en tid etter Buddhas inntreden til <a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">nirvana</a>. Mahâyâna-tilhengerne mener at Buddha underviste i Mahâyâna også. Årsaken var utilfredsheten med læren og praksisen i de opprinnelige retningene, som var baserte på munkesamfunn og arhat-idealer (en <i><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">arhat</a></i> har overvunnet ego-forestillingen). Mahâyâna-troende kalte denne retningen <i>Hînayâna</i> (<i>lite kjøretøy</i>). Mens en arhat søker befrielsen bare ved egen erkjennelse og anstrengelse, kan den Mahâyâna-troendene få hjelp fra <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">bodhisattvaer</a>. En <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">bodhisattva</a> er en som har oppnådd høy grad av oppvåkning, og som bruker denne innsikten til å fortsette å hjelpe alle levende vesener ut av <a href="/wiki/Samsara" title="Samsara">samsara</a>. Mahayana-bevegelsen kan ha blitt påvirket av <a href="/wiki/Gnostisisme" title="Gnostisisme">gnostisismen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Nyplatonisme" title="Nyplatonisme">nyplatonismen</a>, som oppstod omkring samme tid. En forbindelse kan ha vært <a href="/wiki/Silkeveien" title="Silkeveien">Silkeveien</a>. Silkeveien førte gjennom mange land, som bekjenner seg til <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> i dag, men har vært gresk og/eller buddhistisk preget i det første århundre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mahāyāna"><span id="Mah.C4.81y.C4.81na"></span>Mahāyāna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Mahāyāna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Mahāyāna"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahāyāna («Den store vogna») legger vekt på universell medfølelse og de altruistiske bodhisattva-idealene. Målet er å bli en buddha og bli i samsara for å hjelpe alle levende vesener til å oppnå det samme. I tillegg til Nikaya-skriftene, anerkjenner Mahāyāna alle eller deler av en samling skrifter som ble nedtegnet ca. år 100 e.kr. Mahāyāna blir i dag praktisert i Kina, Korea, Japan og mesteparten av Vietnam. Den dominerende grenen av Mahāyāna er forskjellige skoler innen Rent Land Buddhismen og Zen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mahāyāna-skrifter"><span id="Mah.C4.81y.C4.81na-skrifter"></span>Mahāyāna-skrifter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Mahāyāna-skrifter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Mahāyāna-skrifter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:BuddhismSymbolWhite.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/BuddhismSymbolWhite.PNG" decoding="async" width="232" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Mahāyāna-buddhismens hellige tekster er svært omfattende, og det finnes ingen standardisert <i>kanon</i> (fastlagt utvalg hellige tekster) som er dekkende for alle retninger innenfor mahāyāna-buddhismen. Ulike tekstsamlinger i <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> og <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> overlapper hverandre, uten å være «komplette». En komplett oversikt må derfor være inkluderende, med kryssreferanser til ulike tekst-samlinger. </p><p>Mahāyāna oppstod i <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, og mange mahāyāna-tekster er bevart på <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">sanskrit</a> i form av manuskripter fra <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. Manuskriptene fra <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> er avskrifter av tekster fra Sør-<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, og deres arkaiske språk har gjort det mulig for språkforskere å datere dem til det 1. århundre e.Kr. </p><p>Tekstene ble etterhvert oversatt til <a href="/wiki/Kinesisk" title="Kinesisk">kinesisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tibetansk" title="Tibetansk">tibetansk</a>. Grunnet ødeleggelsen av indiske universiteter i det 9. århundre er majoriteten av tekstene bare bevart i <a href="/wiki/Kinesisk" title="Kinesisk">kinesiske</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tibetansk" title="Tibetansk">tibetanske</a> oversettelser. <a href="/wiki/Den_kinesiske_buddhistiske_kanon" title="Den kinesiske buddhistiske kanon">Den kinesiske buddhistiske kanon</a> er en fellesbenevnelse på fire tekstsamlinger som overlapper hverandre og omfatter 4 418 forskjellige tekster. <a href="/wiki/Den_tibetanske_buddhistiske_kanon" title="Den tibetanske buddhistiske kanon">Den tibetanske buddhistiske kanon</a> omfatter mer enn 5 262 tekster. </p><p>Velkjente mahāyāna-tekster er: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prajnaparamita" class="mw-redirect" title="Prajnaparamita">Prajñāpāramitā-tekstene</a>, herunder: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamantsutraen" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamantsutraen">Diamantsutraen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjertesutraen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hjertesutraen">Hjertesutraen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnakutasutraen" title="Ratnakutasutraen">Ratnakūṭasûtraen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_sutraen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus sutraen">Lotus sutraen</a></li> <li>Det Rene Lands sutraer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatamsaka_sutraen" class="mw-redirect" title="Avatamsaka sutraen">Blomsterkrans sutraen (Avataṃsaka sutraen)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utbredelse">Utbredelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Utbredelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Utbredelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahâyâna-skolene spredde seg fra <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> til <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, delvis til <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burjatia" title="Burjatia">Burjatia</a> og til det eneste opprinnelige buddhistiske republikk i Europa, <a href="/wiki/Kalmykia" title="Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mahâyâna-skoler_i_Japan"><span id="Mah.C3.A2y.C3.A2na-skoler_i_Japan"></span>Mahâyâna-skoler i Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Mahâyâna-skoler i Japan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Mahâyâna-skoler i Japan"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanron (ikke skrevet ennå)">Sanron</a> (Sanron shū サンロンシュウ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatamsaka-skolen" class="mw-redirect" title="Avatamsaka-skolen">Avataṃsaka-skolen</a> (Kegon shū ケゴンシュウ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendai" class="mw-redirect" title="Tendai">Tendai</a> (Tendai shū テンダイシュウ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> (Zenshū ゼンシュウ) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rinzai" title="Rinzai">Rinzai</a> (Rinzai shū リンザイシュウ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Sōtō">Sōtō</a> (Sōdō ソウトウ)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Det_rene_land" title="Det rene land">Det rene land</a> (Jōdo shū ジョウトシュウ)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_sanne_rene_land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Det sanne rene land (ikke skrevet ennå)">Det sanne rene land</a> (Jōdo shinshū ジョウドシンシュウ)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichiren-skolen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nichiren-skolen (ikke skrevet ennå)">Nichiren-skolen</a> (Nichirenshū ニチレンシュウ og 日蓮宗) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nipponzan_My%C5%8Dh%C5%8Dji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nipponzan Myōhōji (ikke skrevet ennå)">Nipponzan Myōhōji</a> (日本山妙法寺), grunnlagt <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dka_Gakkai" title="Sōka Gakkai">Sōka Gakkai</a> (創価学会), grunnlagt <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissh%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dsei_Kai" class="mw-redirect" title="Risshō Kōsei Kai">Risshō Kōsei Kai</a> (立正佼成会), grunnlagt i <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>; ble før <a href="/wiki/Juni" title="Juni">juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a> kalt Dai-Nippon Risshō Kōsei Kai (大日本立正交成会)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiyukai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiyukai (ikke skrevet ennå)">Reiyukai</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mahâyâna-skoler_i_Kina"><span id="Mah.C3.A2y.C3.A2na-skoler_i_Kina"></span>Mahâyâna-skoler i Kina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Mahâyâna-skoler i Kina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Mahâyâna-skoler i Kina"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_ti_stadiers_skole" title="De ti stadiers skole">De ti stadiers skole</a> (Dìlùn Zōng, 地論宗)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayan_zong" title="Huayan zong">Huáyán Zōng</a> eller <i>Avataṃsaka-skolen</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tientai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tientai (ikke skrevet ennå)">Tientai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Det_rene_land" title="Det rene land">Det rene land</a> (Jìngtǔ zōng 淨土宗)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Chan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mahâyâna-skoler_i_Korea"><span id="Mah.C3.A2y.C3.A2na-skoler_i_Korea"></span>Mahâyâna-skoler i Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Mahâyâna-skoler i Korea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Mahâyâna-skoler i Korea"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatamsaka-skolen" class="mw-redirect" title="Avatamsaka-skolen">Avataṃsaka-skolen</a> (Hwaŏm chong 화엄종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_(buddhisme)" title="Son (buddhisme)">Son</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vajrâyâna"><span id="Vajr.C3.A2y.C3.A2na"></span>Vajrâyâna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Vajrâyâna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Vajrâyâna"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En videreførende retning av Mahâyâna finnes i <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a>, også kjent som <i><a href="/wiki/Tibetansk_buddhisme" title="Tibetansk buddhisme">tibetansk buddhisme</a></i>. Vajrâyâna supplerer bodhisattva-veien med <a href="/wiki/Esoterisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoterisk">esoteriske</a> metoder (<a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">tantra</a>). I <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> utviklet seg forskjellige skoler, av disse finnes i dag: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="i_Tibet">i Tibet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: i Tibet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen i Tibet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyingma" title="Nyingma">Nyingma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagyu" title="Kagyu">Kagyü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakya" title="Sakya">Sakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelug" title="Gelug">Gelug</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="i_Kina_og_Japan">i Kina og Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: i Kina og Japan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen i Kina og Japan"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vajrâyâna finnes som </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen-nyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen-nyen (ikke skrevet ennå)">Chen-nyen</a> eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi-tsung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mi-tsung (ikke skrevet ennå)">Mi-tsung</a> i Kina og</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingon" class="mw-redirect" title="Shingon">Shingon</a> i Japan</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utbredelse_i_Norge">Utbredelse i Norge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Utbredelse i Norge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Utbredelse i Norge"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Norge finnes det flere Mahâyâna- og Vajrâyâna-grupper, for eksempel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rinzai_Zen_Senter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rinzai Zen Senter (ikke skrevet ennå)">Rinzai Zen Senter</a> (japansk zen), Hridaya-gruppen (kinesisk zen/chan), Dharmagruppa (vietnamesisk zen), Det vietnamesiske buddhistsamfunn, Dharma Sah (koreansk) og tibetansk Buddhisme (Karma Tashi Ling buddhistsamfunn, Karma Kagyu diamantveisbuddhisme) og Nordisk Kadampa meditasjonssenter (Kadampa/ Gelug). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Dalai Lama</i>, «Et åpent hjerte – medfølelse i praksis», Arneberg forlag <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8291614148" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-91614-14-8</a></li> <li><i>Dalai Lama</i>, «Det gode hjertet», Arneberg forlag</li> <li><i>Dalai Lama</i>, «Veien til et meningsfylt liv», Arneberg forlag</li> <li><i>Sogyal Rinpoche</i>, «Den tibetanske boken om livet og døden», Grøndahl Dreyer forlag <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8250423054" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-504-2305-4</a></li> <li>Williams, Paul, «Mahāyāna Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations». Routledge <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0415025370" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 04 1502 537 0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhistforbundet.no">Buddhistforbundet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fpmt.org/">Foundation for the preservation of the Mahayana Tradition (Tibetansk buddhisme)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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