MARTIN, ABRAHAM (l’Écossais, Maître Abraham) – Dictionnaire biographique du Canada

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class="image-container left w600">  <a class="open-gallery" href="javascript:void()"><img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/w600.4285.jpg" alt="Titre original : Early Canada Historical Narratives -- ABRAHAM MARTIN'S FARM" title="Early Canada Historical Narratives -- ABRAHAM MARTIN'S FARM"></a>  <p>Provenance : <a href="http://www.uppercanadahistory.ca/wm/wm7.html" onclick="return true;" title="Titre original : Early Canada Historical Narratives -- ABRAHAM MARTIN'S FARM" target="_blank">Lien</a></p>  </div> </div>  <p id="paragraph_2184" class="FirstParagraph"><strong>MARTIN, ABRAHAM (</strong>dit « <strong>l’Écossais</strong> » ou « <strong>Maître Abraham</strong> »<strong>)</strong>, pilote, né en France en 1589, mort à Québec le 8 septembre 1664.</p> <p id="paragraph_2185" class="NormalParagraph">Martin arriva en Nouvelle-France vers 1620 avec sa femme, Marguerite Langlois, sa sœur Françoise et son beau-frère Pierre Desportes (les parents d’Hélène Desportes). Martin a pu être d’ascendance écossaise, ou il a pu prendre le sobriquet, soit qu’il servît dans l’armée, soit qu’il fît partie d’une organisation clandestine : ces noms étaient employés pour masquer l’identité des déserteurs, ou celle des membres d’une organisation illégale au cas où ses documents seraient saisis. Il est également possible qu’on l’ait appelé ainsi parce qu’il avait accompli plusieurs voyages en Écosse durant sa jeunesse. On n’est pas absolument sûr qu’il ait été pilote officiel, encore qu’on lui ait parfois donné le titre de « pilote du roi » de son vivant. En tout cas, il est prouvé qu’il se livra à la pêche jusque dans le golfe du Saint-Laurent.</p> <p id="paragraph_2186" class="NormalParagraph">Les plaines d’Abraham seraient ainsi appelées à cause de lui. Une anecdote pittoresque rapporte que la « Côte d’Abraham » était le sentier emprunté par Martin pour descendre à la rivière Saint-Charles abreuver ses animaux. Son domaine comprenait 32 arpents (environ 48 acres) en tout, 12 arpents octroyés par la Compagnie de la Nouvelle-France en 1635 et 20 reçus en cadeau du sieur Adrien <a href="/fr/bio/du_chesne_adrien_1F.html" hreflang="fr"><span class="SmallCaps">Du Chesne</span></a>, chirurgien naval de Pierre <a href="/fr/bio/legardeur_de_repentigny_pierre_1648_1F.html" hreflang="fr"><span class="SmallCaps">Legardeur</span></a> de Repentigny en 1645. Cette propriété fut vendue par la famille Martin aux Ursulines en 1667. Il est possible qu’il s’agisse du même Martin employé par <a href="/fr/bio/biencourt_de_poutrincourt_et_de_saint_just_jean_de_1F.html" hreflang="fr"><span class="SmallCaps">Jean de</span></a> Biencourt et <a href="/fr/bio/du_gua_de_monts_pierre_1F.html" hreflang="fr"><span class="SmallCaps">Du Gua</span></a> de Monts comme navigateur sur la côte de l’Acadie, bien qu’il fût alors très jeune. Lorsque <a href="/fr/bio/kirke_david_1F.html" hreflang="fr"><span class="SmallCaps">David</span></a> Kirke prit Québec en 1629 et laissa son frère <a title="Biographie à venir" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="return showNotPublished();" hreflang="fr"><span class="SmallCaps">Lewis</span></a> comme gouverneur jusqu’en 1632, Martin et sa famille demeurèrent à Québec. Plus tard, Martin baissa dans l’estime de ses concitoyens, lorsqu’il fut accusé de conduite répréhensible envers une jeune fille de Québec. Il fut emprisonné le 15 février 1649 pour ce motif.</p> <p id="paragraph_2187" class="NormalParagraph">Les archives indiquent qu’Abraham Martin et Marquerite Langlois eurent neuf ou dix enfants. Anne Martin, née en France et mariée le 17 novembre 1635 à Jean Côté, n’était probablement Pas la fille d’Abraham. Eustache, baptisé le 24 octobre 1621 et filleul <a href="/fr/bio/boulle_eustache_1F.html" hreflang="fr">d’<span class="SmallCaps">Eustache Boullé</span></a>, fut le premier Canadien de naissance. Marguerite, née le 4 janvier 1624 et mariée le 22 mai 1638 à Étienne Racine, eut de nombreux descendants, y compris, les deux évêques Racine. Hélène, née le 21 juin 1627, était la filleule de Samuel de <a href="/fr/bio/champlain_samuel_de_1F.html" hreflang="fr"><span class="SmallCaps">Champlain</span></a>. Elle épousa d’abord Claude Étienne, en 1640, puis Médard Chouart Des Groseilliers, le 3 septembre 1647. <a href="/fr/bio/martin_charles_amador_2F.html" hreflang="fr">Charles-Amador*</a>, né le 7 mars 1648, filleul de <a href="/fr/bio/saint_etienne_de_la_tour_charles_de_1593_1666_1F.html" hreflang="fr"><span class="SmallCaps">Charles de Saint-Étienne</span></a> de La Tour, fut le second prêtre né au Canada. Il est possible que le frère Dominique Scot, mentionné dans les <em>Relations des Jésuites</em> comme s’étant rendu en Huronie encore jeune homme, ait également été l’un de ses fils. On peut aussi supposer qu’un jeune homme qui est désigné comme s’étant rendu en Huronie à la même époque (1634–1635) fut Eustache Martin.</p> <p class="AuthorParagraph"><a href="/fr/collab/1"><span class="SmallCaps">Henry B. M. Best</span></a></p>   </section>  <section style="" id="second" class="biblio">  <p id="paragraph_2189" class="BibliographyFirstParagraph"><em>Coll</em>. <em>de manuscrits relatifs à la Nouv</em>.-<em>France</em>, I : 61.— <em>JR</em> (Thwaites).— P.-B. Casgrain, La Fontaine d’Abraham Martin et le Site de son habitation, <em>MSRC</em> IX (<em>1903</em>), sect. <a title="Biographie à venir" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="return showNotPublished();" hreflang="fr">i</a> : 145<em>–</em>155.— Dionne, <em>Champlain</em>.— A. G. Doughty and G. W. Parmelee, <em>The siege of Quebec and the battle of the Plains of Abraham</em> (6 vol., Quebec, 1901),II : 289–309.— John Knox, <em>An historical journal of the campaigns in North America for the years 1757, 1758, 1759 and 1760</em>, ed. A. G. Doughty (3 vol., Champlain Séc., VIII-X 1914–16), II : 97, note.— J. M. LeMoine, <em>The Scot in New France, an ethnological study</em> (Montreal, 1881).— É.-Z. Massicotte, Au sujet d’Anne Martin, <em>BRH</em>, XXVIII (1922) : 116s.— Léon Roy, Anne Martin, épouse de Jean Côté, <em>BRH</em>, XLIX (1943) : 203s.— P.-G. Roy, <em>La Ville de Québec</em>.<em></em></p>    <div id="general_biblio" class="col-xs-12 GeneralBibliography BibliographyParagraph"><a href="/fr/biblio/1" onclick="return true;" title="Bibliographie générale">Bibliographie générale</a></div>   <div id="copyright" class="col-xs-12 CopyrightBiography BibliographyParagraph"><a href="/fr/avis.php" onclick="return true;" title="© 1966–2025 Université Laval/University of Toronto">© 1966–2025 Université Laval/University of Toronto</a></div>  </section>    <div style="" class="container-fluid reader-mode" id="bottom-content"> <div class="row"> </div>   <div style="" id="content-image-gallery" class="row"> <div id="image-gallery" class="col-xs-12 col-theme-white"> <h2 data-brx-ls="template_bio_image_gallery">Collection d’images</h2>  <div class="container-fluid">   <div class="image-gallery-caption" id="caption1" style="display:none"> <h4>Early Canada Historical Narratives -- ABRAHAM MARTIN'S FARM</h4> <p>Provenance : <a href="http://www.uppercanadahistory.ca/wm/wm7.html" onclick="return true;" title="Titre original : Early Canada Historical Narratives -- ABRAHAM MARTIN'S FARM" target="_blank">Lien</a></p> </div>     <div class="demo-gallery"> <ul id="captions" class="list-unstyled row">  <li class="image-gallery-entry col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4" data-src="/bioimages/original.4285.jpg" data-sub-html="#caption1"> <a href=""> <img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/s500.4285.jpg"> <div class="demo-gallery-poster"> <img src="/img/zoom.png"> </div> </a> </li>   </ul> </div> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="citations" class="column-section col-theme-white col-xs-12">   <h3>Comment écrire la référence bibliographique de cette biographie</h3><p>Henry B. M. Best, « MARTIN, ABRAHAM (l’Écossais, Maître Abraham) », dans <em>Dictionnaire biographique du Canada</em>, vol. 1, Université Laval/University of Toronto, 2003– , consulté le <span class="today-dmy">19 févr. 2025</span>, <span class="permalink">https://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/martin_abraham_1F.html</span>. <h4> Information à utiliser pour d'autres types de référence bibliographique</h4> <br /> <table cellpadding="3"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <strong>Permalien: </strong></td> <td> <span class="permalink">https://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/martin_abraham_1F.html</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Auteur de l'article:   </strong></td> <td> Henry B. M. Best</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Titre de l'article:   </strong></td> <td> MARTIN, ABRAHAM (l’Écossais, Maître Abraham)</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Titre de la publication:   </strong></td> <td> <em>Dictionnaire biographique du Canada</em>, vol. 1</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Éditeur:   </strong></td> <td> Université Laval/University of Toronto</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Année de la publication:   </strong></td> <td> 1966</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Année de la révision:   </strong></td> <td> 1986</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Date de consultation:   </strong></td> <td> <span class="today-dmy">19 févr. 2025</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> </p>   </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div>  <a id="button" data-brx-ls="template_return_to_top" title="Retourner au haut de la page"></a> </div>  <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 ut_laval">  <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ulaval.ca/"> <img class="img-responsive" src="/img/laval.svg"> </a>  <a target="_blank" href="https://www.utoronto.ca/"> <img class="img-responsive" src="/img/uoft3.svg"> </a> </div>  <div class="col-md-4 cmh"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.museedelhistoire.ca/"><img 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MARTIN, ABRAHAM (l’Écossais, Maître Abraham) – Dictionnaire biographique du Canada