CINXE.COM
Hieroglifele egiptene - Wikipedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Hieroglifele egiptene - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )rowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ianuarie","februarie","martie","aprilie","mai","iunie","iulie","august","septembrie","octombrie","noiembrie","decembrie"],"wgRequestId":"fd12802f-800c-448b-88b5-f59770ac9e77","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Hieroglifele_egiptene","wgTitle":"Hieroglifele egiptene","wgCurRevisionId":16321178,"wgRevisionId":16321178,"wgArticleId":9635,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pagini care folosesc WikiHiero","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LNB","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NDL","Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate","Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN","Hieroglife egiptene"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Hieroglifele_egiptene","wgRelevantArticleId":9635,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Hieroglife_egiptene","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ro","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ro"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Hieroglifele_egiptene","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q132659", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.2"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.wikihiero":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready", "mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikihiero%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Hieroglyphs_from_the_tomb_of_Seti_I.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="772"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Hieroglyphs_from_the_tomb_of_Seti_I.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="515"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="412"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Hieroglifele egiptene - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglifele_egiptene"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificare" href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ro)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ro.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglifele_egiptene"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Abonare Atom" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hieroglifele_egiptene rootpage-Hieroglifele_egiptene skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Sari la conținut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Meniul principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Meniul principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Meniul principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Vedeți pagina principală [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principală</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente" title="Lista ultimelor schimbări realizate în acest wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Schimbări recente</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cafenea" title="Informații despre evenimentele curente"><span>Cafenea</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Aleatoriu" title="Afișează o pagină aleatoare [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Articol aleatoriu</span></a></li><li id="n-Facebook" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WikipediaRomana" rel="nofollow"><span>Facebook</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Participare" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Participare" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Participare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Cum-încep-pe-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Bun_venit"><span>Cum încep pe Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Cuprins" title="Locul în care găsiți ajutor"><span>Ajutor</span></a></li><li id="n-Portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:R%C4%83sfoire"><span>Portaluri tematice</span></a></li><li id="n-Articole-cerute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articole_cerute"><span>Articole cerute</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="enciclopedia liberă" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ro.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:C%C4%83utare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia" aria-label="Căutare în Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Căutare</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Unelte personale"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspect" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspect</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro" class=""><span>Donații</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Hieroglifele+egiptene" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu" class=""><span>Creare cont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Hieroglifele+egiptene" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Autentificare</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte personale" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte personale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Meniul de utilizator" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro"><span>Donații</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Hieroglifele+egiptene" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creare cont</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Hieroglifele+egiptene" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eascunde\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ro\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; margin: 0 0 3px;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"nomobile\" style=\"float:right\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/126px-Concurs_de_scriere.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"126\" height=\"95\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/189px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/251px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"506\" data-file-height=\"383\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"color: grey; max-width:1280px; margin: 12px auto; font-family: Tahoma, \u0026#39;DejaVu Sans Condensed\u0026#39;, sans-serif; text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; position: relative;\"\u003EA început o nouă ediție a concursului de scriere! Sunteți cu drag invitați să participați la ediția cu numărul 22, cu articole scrise sau dezvoltate considerabil între 1 aprilie și 30 noiembrie 2024. Pentru înscriere de articole la concurs (nominalizări), condiții de eligibilitate, punctare și alte detalii, vă rugăm să accesați \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003Epagina\u0026#160;concursului\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cuprins" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sistem</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sistem-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sistem subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sistem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Simboluri_uniliterale_sau_monoliterale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simboluri_uniliterale_sau_monoliterale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Simboluri uniliterale sau monoliterale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simboluri_uniliterale_sau_monoliterale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simboluri_biliterale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simboluri_biliterale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Simboluri biliterale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simboluri_biliterale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simboluri_triliterale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simboluri_triliterale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Simboluri triliterale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simboluri_triliterale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hieroglifele_se_pot_citi_în_mai_multe_moduri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hieroglifele_se_pot_citi_în_mai_multe_moduri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hieroglifele se pot citi în mai multe moduri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hieroglifele_se_pot_citi_în_mai_multe_moduri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hieroglifele egiptene</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 88 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egiptiese_hi%C3%ABrogliewe" title="Egiptiese hiërogliewe – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Egiptiese hiërogliewe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84gyptische_Hieroglyphen" title="Ägyptische Hieroglyphen – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ägyptische Hieroglyphen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هيروغليفية مصرية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيروغليفية مصرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%89" title="هيروجليفى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيروجليفى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerogl%C3%ADficos_exipcios" title="Xeroglíficos exipcios – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xeroglíficos exipcios" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misir_heroqlif_yaz%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Misir heroqlif yazısı – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Misir heroqlif yazısı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D1%8B" title="Егіпецкія іерогліфы – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Егіпецкія іерогліфы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Египетски йероглиф – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Египетски йероглиф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB" title="मिस्र के हाइरोग्लिफ – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मिस्र के हाइरोग्लिफ" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglif_Mesir" title="Hieroglif Mesir – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Hieroglif Mesir" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="মিশরীয় চিত্রলিপি – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিশরীয় চিত্রলিপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglifo%C3%B9_Egipt" title="Hieroglifoù Egipt – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hieroglifoù Egipt" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerogl%C3%ADfic_egipci" title="Jeroglífic egipci – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jeroglífic egipci" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ng-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%86-t%C4%81%CC%A4" title="Séng-cṳ̆-tā̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Séng-cṳ̆-tā̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ھیرۆگلیفی میسری – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیرۆگلیفی میسری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptsk%C3%A9_hieroglyfy" title="Egyptské hieroglyfy – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Egyptské hieroglyfy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptisk_hieroglyf" title="Egyptisk hieroglyf – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Egyptisk hieroglyf" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84gyptische_Hieroglyphen" title="Ägyptische Hieroglyphen – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ägyptische Hieroglyphen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiyeroglifo_M%C4%B1s%C4%B1rki" title="Hiyeroglifo Mısırki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hiyeroglifo Mısırki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC" title="Αιγυπτιακά ιερογλυφικά – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αιγυπτιακά ιερογλυφικά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Egyptian hieroglyphs" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egiptaj_hieroglifoj" title="Egiptaj hieroglifoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Egiptaj hieroglifoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerogl%C3%ADficos_egipcios" title="Jeroglíficos egipcios – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jeroglíficos egipcios" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egiptoar_idazkera_hieroglifiko" title="Egiptoar idazkera hieroglifiko – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Egiptoar idazkera hieroglifiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herogr%C3%ADficu" title="Herogríficu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Herogríficu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="هیروگلیف مصری – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیروگلیف مصری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglyfit" title="Hieroglyfit – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hieroglyfit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89criture_hi%C3%A9roglyphique_%C3%A9gyptienne" title="Écriture hiéroglyphique égyptienne – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Écriture hiéroglyphique égyptienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptisk_hieroglyphen" title="Egyptisk hieroglyphen – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Egyptisk hieroglyphen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iairiglif%C3%AD_%C3%89igipteacha" title="Iairiglifí Éigipteacha – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iairiglifí Éigipteacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dealbh-sgr%C3%ACobhadh" title="Dealbh-sgrìobhadh – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dealbh-sgrìobhadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xer%C3%B3glifo_exipcio" title="Xeróglifo exipcio – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xeróglifo exipcio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalloo-ocklyn_Egyptagh" title="Jalloo-ocklyn Egyptagh – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Jalloo-ocklyn Egyptagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91_%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="כתב חרטומים – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתב חרטומים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="मिस्री चित्रलिपि – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मिस्री चित्रलिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egipatski_hijeroglifi" title="Egipatski hijeroglifi – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Egipatski hijeroglifi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Եգիպտական հիերոգլիֆներ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եգիպտական հիերոգլիֆներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglif_Mesir" title="Hieroglif Mesir – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hieroglif Mesir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egiptiana_hieroglifi" title="Egiptiana hieroglifi – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Egiptiana hieroglifi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADer%C3%B3gl%C3%BDfur" title="Híeróglýfur – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Híeróglýfur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geroglifici_egizi" title="Geroglifici egizi – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Geroglifici egizi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95" title="ヒエログリフ – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒエログリフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ეგვიპტური იეროგლიფები – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეგვიპტური იეროგლიფები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Египет жазуы – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Египет жазуы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="신성문자 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신성문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiyerogl%C3%AEf%C3%AAn_misr%C3%AE" title="Hiyeroglîfên misrî – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hiyeroglîfên misrî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Иероглиф – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иероглиф" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglyphica_Aegyptia" title="Hieroglyphica Aegyptia – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hieroglyphica Aegyptia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egiptie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_hieroglifai" title="Egiptiečių hieroglifai – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Egiptiečių hieroglifai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92%C4%A3iptie%C5%A1u_hieroglifi" title="Ēģiptiešu hieroglifi – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ēģiptiešu hieroglifi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer%C3%B4glifika_Ejiptana" title="Jerôglifika Ejiptana – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jerôglifika Ejiptana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Египетски хиероглифи – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Египетски хиероглифи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%88%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D" title="ഈജിപ്ഷ്യൻ ഹൈറോഗ്ലിഫ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഈജിപ്ഷ്യൻ ഹൈറോഗ്ലിഫ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglif_Mesir" title="Hieroglif Mesir – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hieroglif Mesir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0eroglifi%C4%8Bi_E%C4%A1izzjani" title="Ġeroglifiċi Eġizzjani – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġeroglifiċi Eġizzjani" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="मिस्री चित्रलिपि – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मिस्री चित्रलिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptische_hi%C3%ABrogliefen" title="Egyptische hiërogliefen – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Egyptische hiërogliefen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglyf" title="Hieroglyf – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hieroglyf" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieroglifs_egipcians" title="Ieroglifs egipcians – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ieroglifs egipcians" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0" title="ਮਿਸਰੀ ਚਿੱਤਰ ਅੱਖਰ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਸਰੀ ਚਿੱਤਰ ਅੱਖਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglify" title="Hieroglify – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hieroglify" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81" title="هېروگليف – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هېروگليف" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hier%C3%B3glifos_eg%C3%ADpcios" title="Hieróglifos egípcios – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hieróglifos egípcios" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Египетское иероглифическое письмо – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Египетское иероглифическое письмо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Egyptian hieroglyphs" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egipatski_hijeroglifi" title="Egipatski hijeroglifi – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Egipatski hijeroglifi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BB" title="ඊජිප්තු රූපාක්ෂර – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඊජිප්තු රූපාක්ෂර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptsk%C3%A9_hieroglyfick%C3%A9_p%C3%ADsmo" title="Egyptské hieroglyfické písmo – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Egyptské hieroglyfické písmo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglif" title="Hieroglif – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hieroglif" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglyfeh" title="Hieroglyfeh – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Hieroglyfeh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masar_hieroglyphs" title="Masar hieroglyphs – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Masar hieroglyphs" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Египатски хијероглифи – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Египатски хијероглифи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptiska_hieroglyfer" title="Egyptiska hieroglyfer – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Egyptiska hieroglyfer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroglifi" title="Hiroglifi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hiroglifi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ไฮเออโรกลีฟอียิปต์ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฮเออโรกลีฟอียิปต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroglipikong_Ehipsiyo" title="Heroglipikong Ehipsiyo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Heroglipikong Ehipsiyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1s%C4%B1r_hiyeroglifleri" title="Mısır hiyeroglifleri – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mısır hiyeroglifleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%96%D1%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Єгипетські ієрогліфи – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Єгипетські ієрогліфи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C" title="حیروغلیفی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حیروغلیفی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misr_iyerogliflari" title="Misr iyerogliflari – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Misr iyerogliflari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_h%C3%ACnh_Ai_C%E1%BA%ADp" title="Chữ tượng hình Ai Cập – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ tượng hình Ai Cập" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroglipiko_Ehiptonon" title="Heroglipiko Ehiptonon – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Heroglipiko Ehiptonon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%B9%A6%E4%BD%93" title="圣书体 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣书体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ეგვიპტური იეროგლიფეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ეგვიპტური იეროგლიფეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%B9%A6%E4%BD%93" title="圣书体 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圣书体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8ng-su-th%C3%A9" title="Sèng-su-thé – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sèng-su-thé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%AB%94" title="聖書體 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖書體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izifenqo_zaseGibhithe" title="Izifenqo zaseGibhithe – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Izifenqo zaseGibhithe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q132659#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hieroglifele_egiptene" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Hieroglifele_egiptene" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hieroglifele_egiptene"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hieroglifele_egiptene"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Hieroglifele_egiptene" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Hieroglifele_egiptene" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&oldid=16321178" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Hieroglifele_egiptene&id=16321178&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHieroglifele_egiptene"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHieroglifele_egiptene"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Hieroglifele+egiptene"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Egyptian_hieroglyphs" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q132659" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirecționat de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglife_egiptene&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglife egiptene">Hieroglife egiptene</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet limba" style="background-color:white;color:black;;color:#000000;">Hieroglifele egiptene<br /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hieroglyphs_from_the_tomb_of_Seti_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hieroglyphs_from_the_tomb_of_Seti_I.jpg/220px-Hieroglyphs_from_the_tomb_of_Seti_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hieroglyphs_from_the_tomb_of_Seti_I.jpg/330px-Hieroglyphs_from_the_tomb_of_Seti_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hieroglyphs_from_the_tomb_of_Seti_I.jpg/440px-Hieroglyphs_from_the_tomb_of_Seti_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="379" /></a></span><br /><div style="margin-top: 3px"></div><span>Hieroglife din <a href="/w/index.php?title=KV17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KV17 — pagină inexistentă">KV17</a> (mormântul lui <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a>, secolul al XIII-lea î.Hr.)</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Tip</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Logogram%C4%83" title="Logogramă">Logografie</a> folosibilă și ca <a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">abjad</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi scrise</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_egiptean%C4%83" title="Limba egipteană">Egipteană</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Perioadă de utilizare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">circa 3200 î.Hr.-400 d.Hr.</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Sisteme-părinte</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><div style="font-size:105%;"> <div>(protoscriere)</div> <div style="margin-left:0.25em;">→ <b>Hieroglifele egiptene</b></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U13000.pdf">U+13000–U+1342F</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">Hieroglyphs</span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U13430.pdf">U+13430–U+1343F</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">Controls</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b>Notă</b>: Această pagină poate conține simboluri <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. Fără suport de afișare corespunzător, se pot vedea semne de întrebare, pătrățele sau alte simboluri în locul caracterelor potrivite.</td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #white; color:black; solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Sistem_de_scriere" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Hieroglifele egiptene</b> erau <a href="/wiki/Sistem_de_scriere" title="Sistem de scriere">sistemul de scriere</a> formal folosit în <a href="/wiki/Egiptul_Antic" title="Egiptul Antic">Egiptul Antic</a>. Hieroglifele combinau elemente <a href="/wiki/Logogram%C4%83" title="Logogramă">logografice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silabar" title="Silabar">silabice</a> și <a href="/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet">alfabetice</a>, cu un număr de aproximativ 1.000 de caractere diferite. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_cursive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hieroglifele cursive — pagină inexistentă">Hieroglifele cursive</a> au fost folosite pentru scrierea literaturii religioase pe papirus și lemn. Scrierea <a href="/wiki/Hieratic%C4%83" title="Hieratică">hieratică</a> și <a href="/wiki/Demotic%C4%83_(egiptean%C4%83)" title="Demotică (egipteană)">cea demotică</a> de mai târziu derivă din scrierea hieroglifică, așa cum a fost și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scrierea_proto-sinaitic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scrierea proto-sinaitică — pagină inexistentă">cea proto-sinaitică</a> care a evoluat ulterior în <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_fenician" title="Alfabetul fenician">alfabetul fenician</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Printre sistemele de scriere care s-au născut din alfabetul fenician se numără scrierea <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_grec" title="Alfabetul grec">greacă</a> și cea <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_aramaic" title="Alfabetul aramaic">aramaică</a>. Scrierea hieroglifică egipteană este strămoș pentru majoritatea sistemelor de scriere în uz, cele mai răspândite find alfabetele <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_latin" title="Alfabetul latin">latin</a> și cel <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_chirilic" title="Alfabetul chirilic">chirilic</a> (prin cel grec), <a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">abjadul</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_arab" title="Alfabetul arab">arab</a> și <a href="/wiki/Scrierea_brahmi" title="Scrierea brahmi">familia brahmică</a> de scrieri (prin aramaică). </p><p>Folosirea scrierii hieroglife a apărut din <a href="/wiki/Protoscriere" title="Protoscriere">sistemele de simboluri proto-alfabetizate</a> din <a href="/wiki/Epoca_de_Bronz" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoca de Bronz">Epoca de Bronz</a> timpurie, în jurul secolului al XXXII-lea î.Hr. (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naqada_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naqada III — pagină inexistentă">Naqada III</a>), cu prima frază descifrăbilă scrisă în <a href="/wiki/Limba_egiptean%C4%83" title="Limba egipteană">limba egipteană</a> datând din <a href="/wiki/A_II-a_Dinastie_Egiptean%C4%83" title="A II-a Dinastie Egipteană">A II-a Dinastie</a> (secolul al XXVIII-lea î.Hr.). Hieroglife egiptene s-au dezvoltat într-un sistem de scriere matur, folosit pentru inscripții monumentale în limba clasică din perioada <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Mijlociu_Egiptean" title="Regatul Mijlociu Egiptean">Regatului Mijlociu</a>. În această perioadă, sistemul a folosit aproximativ 900 de semne diferite. Folosirea sistemului ăstuia de scriere a continuat în <a href="/wiki/Noul_Regat_Egiptean" title="Noul Regat Egiptean">Regatului Nou</a> și în <a href="/wiki/Perioada_T%C3%A2rzie_a_Egiptului" title="Perioada Târzie a Egiptului">Perioada Târzie</a>, și până în perioada <a href="/wiki/A_XXVII-a_Dinastie_Egiptean%C4%83" title="A XXVII-a Dinastie Egipteană">persană</a> și în cea <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Ptolemeic" title="Regatul Ptolemeic">ptolemeică</a>. </p><p>Odată cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Declinul_politeismului_greco-roman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declinul politeismului greco-roman — pagină inexistentă">închiderea definitivă a templelor păgâne</a> în secolul al V-lea, cunoștințele despre scrierea hieroglifică au fost pierdute. Deși s-au făcut încercări, scrierea a rămas nedescifrată pe tot parcursul <a href="/wiki/Evul_Mediu" title="Evul Mediu">Evului Mediu</a> și în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perioada_modern%C4%83_timpurie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perioada modernă timpurie — pagină inexistentă">perioada modernă timpurie</a>. Descifrarea scrierii hieroglifice a fost realizată în cele din urmă în anii 1820 de <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Champollion" title="Jean-François Champollion">Jean-François Champollion</a>, cu ajutorul <a href="/wiki/Piatra_din_Rosetta" title="Piatra din Rosetta">Pietrei Rosetta</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cuvântul <i>hieroglifă</i> vine de la adjectivul <a href="/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83_veche" title="Limba greacă veche">grecesc</a> ἱερογλυφικός (<i>hieroglyphikos</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Compunere_(lingvistic%C4%83)" title="Compunere (lingvistică)">compunere</a> dintre ἱερός (hierós)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și γλύφω (<i>glýphō</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hieroglifele însăși, încă din <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Ptolemeic" title="Regatul Ptolemeic">perioada ptolemeică</a>, au fost numite τὰ ἱερογλυφικὰ [γράμματα] (<i>tà hieroglyphikà [grámmata]</i>) „literele sacrate gravate”, contrapartida greacă a expresiei egiptene <i>mdw.w-nṯr</i> „cuvintele zeului”.<sup id="cite_ref-Loprieno11_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loprieno11-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grecescul ἱερογλυφός însemna „un sculptor de hieroglife”. </p><p>Scrierea egipteană pentru hieroglife: </p> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35 [n]" alt="n" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D21.png?9bfb9" height="11" title="D21 [r]" alt="r" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_R8.png?c3d74" height="38" title="R8" alt="R8" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G17.png?3741e" height="38" title="G17 [m]" alt="m" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D46.png?1dee4" height="12" title="D46 [d]" alt="d" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G43.png?6eb40" height="38" title="G43 [w]" alt="w" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S43.png?4189d" height="38" title="S43" alt="S43" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="12" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="12" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="12" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>sau mai simplu: </p> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_R8.png?c3d74" height="38" title="R8" alt="R8" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S43.png?4189d" height="38" title="S43" alt="S43" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="12" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="12" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="12" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>(adesea tradus <i>medew-netjer</i> „Cuvintele Divine”). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistem">Sistem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sistem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Sistem"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Champollion" title="Jean-François Champollion">Champollion</a> avea ca definiție a sistemului hieroglific, "<i>un sistem complex, o scriere figurativă, simbolică și fonetică, în același timp, într-un același text, aceeași frază, uneori același cuvânt.</i>". </p><p>În funcție de context, un același caracter poate avea un sens: </p> <ul><li>figurativ (ideografic), caracterul exprimă ceea ce reprezintă el;</li> <li>simbolic, caracterul exprimă o idee diferită de ceea ce reprezintă el;</li> <li>fonetic, caracterul este utilizat ca și literă într-un cuvânt, fără altă valoare în afara sunetului care îi corespunde în ansamblul de sunete al cuvântului.</li></ul> <p>Apariția hieroglifelor este considerată a fi către 3500 î.e.n. Inițial exclusiv figurativă, având în jur de 700 de caractere, scrierea hieroglifică s-a îmbogățit în timp, ajungând la nu mai puțin de 5.000 caractere în epoca greco-romană. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simboluri_uniliterale_sau_monoliterale">Simboluri uniliterale sau monoliterale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Simboluri uniliterale sau monoliterale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Simboluri uniliterale sau monoliterale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><big>Simboluri monoliterale</big> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Simbol </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Transliterare" title="Transliterare">Transliterare</a> tradițională </th></tr> <tr> <th> Caracter </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Observații </th></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G1.png?4d556" height="38" title="G1 [A]" alt="A" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>un vultur egiptean </td> <td><big><i><b>3</b></i> </big></td> <td style="text-align:left;">numit <i>aleph</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17 [i]" alt="i" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>o trestie </td> <td><big><b><span class="Unicode" style="font-family:TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL, Chrysanthi Unicode, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream CyberBase, Bitstream Vera, Thryomanes, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Visual Geez Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Microsoft Sans Serif, Lucida Sans Unicode;">ỉ</span></b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">numit <i>yodh</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17 [i]" alt="i" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17 [i]" alt="i" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>o pereche de trestii </td> <td rowspan="2"><big><b>y</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2">dublu <i>yodh</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z4.png?dbdf8" height="14" title="Z4 [y]" alt="y" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>râu (nu este sigur) </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D36.png?9d512" height="12" title="D36 [a]" alt="a" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>un braț </td> <td><big><b>ʾ</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">numit <i>ayin</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G43.png?6eb40" height="38" title="G43 [w]" alt="w" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> sau <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z7.png?fc6fb" height="17" title="Z7 [W]" alt="W" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>un puiut de prepelita </td> <td><big><b>w</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">numit <i>waw</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D58.png?12f84" height="35" title="D58 [b]" alt="b" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>picior </td> <td><big><b>b</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Q3.png?42130" height="15" title="Q3 [p]" alt="p" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>preș din trestie </td> <td><big><b>p</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_I9.png?fe540" height="12" title="I9 [f]" alt="f" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>o viperă cu corn </td> <td><big><b>f</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G17.png?3741e" height="38" title="G17 [m]" alt="m" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>o bufniță </td> <td><big><b>m</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35 [n]" alt="n" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>un val </td> <td><big><b>n</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D21.png?9bfb9" height="11" title="D21 [r]" alt="r" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>o gură </td> <td><big><b>r</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O4.png?2d920" height="18" title="O4 [h]" alt="h" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>un adăpost din trestie </td> <td><big><b>h</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V28.png?f1179" height="38" title="V28 [H]" alt="H" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>funie răsucită </td> <td><big><b>h</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Aa1.png?3a810" height="18" title="Aa1 [x]" alt="x" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>o placentă </td> <td><big><b>x</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F32.png?f0316" height="9" title="F32 [X]" alt="X" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>un animal belly cu coada </td> <td><big><b><span class="Unicode" style="font-family:TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL, Chrysanthi Unicode, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream CyberBase, Bitstream Vera, Thryomanes, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Visual Geez Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Microsoft Sans Serif, Lucida Sans Unicode;">ẖ</span></b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S29.png?58979" height="38" title="S29 [s]" alt="s" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>un prosop împăturit </td> <td rowspan="2"><big><b>s</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O34.png?63e15" height="6" title="O34 [z]" alt="z" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>o balama de ușă </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N37.png?33374" height="12" title="N37 [S]" alt="S" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>un heleșteu </td> <td><big><b><span class="Unicode" style="font-family:TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL, Chrysanthi Unicode, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream CyberBase, Bitstream Vera, Thryomanes, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Visual Geez Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Microsoft Sans Serif, Lucida Sans Unicode;">š</span></b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N29.png?b816c" height="17" title="N29 [q]" alt="q" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>panta unui deal </td> <td><big><b><span class="Unicode" style="font-family:TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL, Chrysanthi Unicode, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream CyberBase, Bitstream Vera, Thryomanes, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Visual Geez Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Microsoft Sans Serif, Lucida Sans Unicode;">ḳ</span></b> or <b>q</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V31.png?70ebb" height="11" title="V31 [k]" alt="k" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>coș cu un mâner </td> <td><big><b>k</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_W11.png?e5e65" height="18" title="W11 [g]" alt="g" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>un suport pentru vase </td> <td><big><b>g</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>pâine </td> <td><big><b>t</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V13.png?2da65" height="10" title="V13 [T]" alt="T" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>o frânghie </td> <td><big><b><span class="Unicode" style="font-family:TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL, Chrysanthi Unicode, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream CyberBase, Bitstream Vera, Thryomanes, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Visual Geez Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Microsoft Sans Serif, Lucida Sans Unicode;">ṯ</span></b> sau <b>tj</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D46.png?1dee4" height="12" title="D46 [d]" alt="d" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>o mână </td> <td><big><b>d</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_I10.png?9f0b0" height="38" title="I10 [D]" alt="D" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>o cobră </td> <td><big><b><span class="Unicode" style="font-family:TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL, Chrysanthi Unicode, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream CyberBase, Bitstream Vera, Thryomanes, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Visual Geez Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Microsoft Sans Serif, Lucida Sans Unicode;">ḏ</span></b> sau <b>dj</b></big> </td> <td><big><i>j</i></big> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simboluri_biliterale">Simboluri biliterale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Simboluri biliterale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Simboluri biliterale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8"><big><a href="/wiki/Simbol_(dezambiguizare)" class="mw-disambig" title="Simbol (dezambiguizare)">Simboluri</a> biliterale</big> </th></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F40.png?00c62" height="31" title="F40 [Aw]" alt="Aw" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U23.png?9db3d" height="38" title="U23 [Ab]" alt="Ab" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G25.png?a94d0" height="38" title="G25 [Ax]" alt="Ax" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_E9.png?3f066" height="28" title="E9" alt="E9" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D54.png?75932" height="18" title="D54" alt="D54" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F34.png?6be6f" height="17" title="F34 [ib]" alt="ib" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z11.png?993aa" height="38" title="Z11" alt="Z11" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_W24.png?55bf4" height="17" title="W24 [nw]" alt="nw" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_K1.png?7a62b" height="19" title="K1 [in]" alt="in" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D4.png?e1f5d" height="12" title="D4 [ir]" alt="ir" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_A48.png?e5e1d" height="38" title="A48" alt="A48" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M40.png?36181" height="38" title="M40" alt="M40" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V15.png?60b51" height="25" title="V15" alt="V15" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O29.png?3e0b0" height="7" title="O29 [aA]" alt="aA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F16.png?7e508" height="23" title="F16" alt="F16" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G35.png?41d8c" height="31" title="G35 [aq]" alt="aq" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V26.png?f089d" height="9" title="V26 [aD]" alt="aD" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V4.png?e648c" height="36" title="V4 [wA]" alt="wA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T21.png?1d819" height="15" title="T21 [wa]" alt="wa" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F13.png?a2f14" height="24" title="F13 [wp]" alt="wp" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_E34.png?1daff" height="24" title="E34 [wn]" alt="wn" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G36.png?39a4f" height="25" title="G36 [wr]" alt="wr" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V24.png?8a1d7" height="38" title="V24 [wD]" alt="wD" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G29.png?76902" height="38" title="G29 [bA]" alt="bA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F18.png?3502e" height="11" title="F18 [bH]" alt="bH" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G40.png?d2bfd" height="34" title="G40 [pA]" alt="pA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O1.png?39788" height="16" title="O1 [pr]" alt="pr" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F22.png?8ba16" height="20" title="F22 [pH]" alt="pH" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T9.png?77648" height="7" title="T9" alt="T9" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T10.png?acc04" height="6" title="T10" alt="T10" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U1.png?22fa9" height="38" title="U1 [mA]" alt="mA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_W19.png?c9d92" height="38" title="W19 [mi]" alt="mi" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35A.png?7d084" height="38" title="N35A [mw]" alt="mw" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Y5.png?381eb" height="13" title="Y5 [mn]" alt="mn" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N36.png?d5dbf" height="9" title="N36" alt="N36" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U6.png?4f117" height="37" title="U6 [mr]" alt="mr" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U23.png?9db3d" height="38" title="U23 [Ab]" alt="Ab" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V22.png?0985f" height="25" title="V22 [mH]" alt="mH" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F31.png?4e74e" height="37" title="F31 [ms]" alt="ms" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D52.png?26562" height="12" title="D52 [mt]" alt="mt" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G14.png?834b8" height="38" title="G14" alt="G14" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S43.png?4189d" height="38" title="S43 [md]" alt="md" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V30.png?e0ed0" height="12" title="V30 [nb]" alt="nb" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T34.png?8278b" height="38" title="T34 [nm]" alt="nm" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M22.png?375a3" height="38" title="M22" alt="M22" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M22.png?375a3" height="38" title="M22" alt="M22" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G21.png?9ce3d" height="38" title="G21 [nH]" alt="nH" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F20.png?5bd48" height="28" title="F20 [ns]" alt="ns" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Aa27.png?73686" height="38" title="Aa27 [nD]" alt="nD" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_E23.png?e613a" height="15" title="E23 [rw]" alt="rw" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T13.png?bba90" height="38" title="T13 [rs]" alt="rs" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M16.png?cee22" height="38" title="M16 [HA]" alt="HA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F18.png?3502e" height="11" title="F18 [Hw]" alt="Hw" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Aa5.png?da67f" height="32" title="Aa5 [Hp]" alt="Hp" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N41.png?8fa93" height="19" title="N41" alt="N41" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U36.png?908ba" height="38" title="U36 [Hm]" alt="Hm" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M2.png?22b8b" height="30" title="M2 [Hn]" alt="Hn" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D2.png?a7a01" height="18" title="D2 [Hr]" alt="Hr" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_W14.png?9fd4e" height="38" title="W14" alt="W14" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T3.png?1f391" height="38" title="T3 [HD]" alt="HD" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M12.png?2f65f" height="38" title="M12 [xA]" alt="xA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N28.png?3f65d" height="15" title="N28 [xa]" alt="xa" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D43.png?48f2d" height="15" title="D43" alt="D43" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M3.png?5fa3f" height="9" title="M3 [xt]" alt="xt" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_K4.png?0d606" height="19" title="K4 [XA]" alt="XA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F26.png?9490a" height="25" title="F26 [Xn]" alt="Xn" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D33.png?77c5d" height="32" title="D33" alt="D33" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T28.png?1e5bc" height="18" title="T28 [Xr]" alt="Xr" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G39.png?eb053" height="38" title="G39" alt="G39" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V16.png?59e4b" height="19" title="V16" alt="V16" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V17.png?2e93b" height="38" title="V17" alt="V17" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Aa17.png?6ba0a" height="18" title="Aa17 [sA]" alt="sA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Aa18.png?28429" height="29" title="Aa18" alt="Aa18" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M23.png?e2674" height="38" title="M23 [sw]" alt="sw" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O50.png?11250" height="18" title="O50" alt="O50" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T22.png?8e516" height="38" title="T22 [sn]" alt="sn" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V29.png?be6af" height="38" title="V29 [sk]" alt="sk" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F29.png?2eace" height="38" title="F29" alt="F29" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M8.png?bc894" height="19" title="M8 [SA]" alt="SA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_H6.png?2f03d" height="38" title="H6 [Sw]" alt="Sw" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N40.png?985c3" height="24" title="N40 [Sm]" alt="Sm" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V7.png?00d8f" height="26" title="V7 [Sn]" alt="Sn" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V6.png?2b881" height="22" title="V6" alt="V6" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F30.png?e2a10" height="27" title="F30 [Sd]" alt="Sd" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T19.png?2fccc" height="38" title="T19 [qs]" alt="qs" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Aa28.png?b7a65" height="38" title="Aa28 [qd]" alt="qd" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D28.png?cf7bf" height="24" title="D28 [kA]" alt="kA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_I6.png?19fec" height="17" title="I6 [km]" alt="km" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G28.png?cf514" height="22" title="G28 [gm]" alt="gm" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Aa13.png?4d8fd" height="8" title="Aa13 [gs]" alt="gs" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U30.png?ac93e" height="22" title="U30" alt="U30" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N16.png?63a52" height="9" title="N16 [tA]" alt="tA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U33.png?bde2c" height="38" title="U33 [ti]" alt="ti" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D1.png?aa707" height="19" title="D1 [tp]" alt="tp" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T8.png?8b88d" height="38" title="T8" alt="T8" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U15.png?0a5d1" height="16" title="U15 [tm]" alt="tm" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G47.png?37bd0" height="38" title="G47 [TA]" alt="TA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D37.png?a39b3" height="12" title="D37" alt="D37" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X8.png?5e6b0" height="38" title="X8 [di]" alt="di" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U28.png?fc340" height="38" title="U28 [DA]" alt="DA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N26.png?97693" height="15" title="N26 [Dw]" alt="Dw" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M36.png?d6431" height="18" title="M36 [Dr]" alt="Dr" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_R11.png?a426b" height="37" title="R11 [Dd]" alt="Dd" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simboluri_triliterale">Simboluri triliterale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Simboluri triliterale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Simboluri triliterale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10"><big><a href="/wiki/Simbol_(dezambiguizare)" class="mw-disambig" title="Simbol (dezambiguizare)">Simboluri</a> triliterale</big> </th></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M1.png?ed99d" height="38" title="M1" alt="M1" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O28.png?4910a" height="38" title="O28 [iwn]" alt="iwn" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F44.png?8587c" height="18" title="F44 [isw]" alt="isw" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S39.png?fc40e" height="38" title="S39 [awt]" alt="awt" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Aa20.png?0cc4c" height="38" title="Aa20 [apr]" alt="apr" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S34.png?d177d" height="38" title="S34 [anx]" alt="anx" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_P6.png?c6261" height="38" title="P6" alt="P6" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_I1.png?1430b" height="33" title="I1 [aSA]" alt="aSA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V29.png?be6af" height="38" title="V29 [wAH]" alt="wAH" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S40.png?e82e9" height="38" title="S40 [wAs]" alt="wAs" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M13.png?11b4d" height="38" title="M13 [wAD]" alt="wAD" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D60.png?daf40" height="38" title="D60 [wab]" alt="wab" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_P4.png?56b4a" height="20" title="P4" alt="P4" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F25.png?e9a53" height="38" title="F25 [wHm]" alt="wHm" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F12.png?0fd6a" height="38" title="F12 [wsr]" alt="wsr" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N9.png?7f211" height="18" title="N9" alt="N9" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Aa11.png?e19b4" height="7" title="Aa11 [mAa]" alt="mAa" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S12.png?46f50" height="19" title="S12 [nbw]" alt="nbw" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F35.png?9f378" height="38" title="F35 [nfr]" alt="nfr" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_R8.png?c3d74" height="38" title="R8 [nTr]" alt="nTr" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T12.png?1c814" height="27" title="T12 [rwD]" alt="rwD" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S38.png?35ff7" height="38" title="S38 [HqA]" alt="HqA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_R4.png?60956" height="15" title="R4 [Htp]" alt="Htp" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_L1.png?8b41f" height="36" title="L1 [xpr]" alt="xpr" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_W17.png?897f8" height="38" title="W17 [xnt]" alt="xnt" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S42.png?5bfe7" height="38" title="S42 [xrp]" alt="xrp" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_P8.png?709fb" height="38" title="P8 [xrw]" alt="xrw" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U34.png?edae7" height="38" title="U34 [xsf]" alt="xsf" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_W9.png?e7562" height="24" title="W9 [Xnm]" alt="Xnm" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z9.png?d2054" height="16" title="Z9" alt="Z9" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T11.png?dcb3c" height="8" title="T11" alt="T11" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N14.png?0bf87" height="22" title="N14 [sbA]" alt="sbA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F42.png?7d2c0" height="11" title="F42 [spr]" alt="spr" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M44.png?7e559" height="38" title="M44" alt="M44" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F36.png?f8a0e" height="37" title="F36 [zmA]" alt="zmA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G54.png?1feae" height="31" title="G54 [snD]" alt="snD" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S42.png?5bfe7" height="38" title="S42 [xrp]" alt="xrp" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T32.png?deac5" height="30" title="T32" alt="T32" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T31.png?41aed" height="20" title="T31 [sSm]" alt="sSm" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U21.png?9f20b" height="22" title="U21 [stp]" alt="stp" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F21.png?6c920" height="19" title="F21 [sDm]" alt="sDm" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_A50.png?06952" height="38" title="A50 [Sps]" alt="Sps" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M26.png?2bb1d" height="38" title="M26 [Sma]" alt="Sma" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T18.png?025c6" height="37" title="T18 [Sms]" alt="Sms" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O42.png?05646" height="19" title="O42" alt="O42" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U17.png?949cc" height="23" title="U17 [grg]" alt="grg" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T25.png?1e86a" height="37" title="T25 [DbA]" alt="DbA" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hieroglifele_se_pot_citi_în_mai_multe_moduri"><span id="Hieroglifele_se_pot_citi_.C3.AEn_mai_multe_moduri"></span>Hieroglifele se pot citi în mai multe moduri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Hieroglifele se pot citi în mai multe moduri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Hieroglifele se pot citi în mai multe moduri"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sensul de citire a propozițiilor se face de la stânga înspre dreapta. Acest lucru se poate aplica și cuvintelor separate, dar nu este o regulă definită deoarece sunt cazuri în care citirea se face și de la dreapa înspre stânga, la fel ca în majoritatea limbilor. De obicei sensul de citire al cuvintelor se determină in funcție de orientarea reprezentărilor care alcătuiesc cuvântul, astfel: dacă obiectele, animalele, oamenii sau plantele sunt orientate cu fața înspre stânga, citirea se va face de la stânga, iar dacă sunt orientate înspre dreapta citirea se va face de la dreapta. Dispunerea cuvintelor se poate întâlni si pe coloane, citirea făcându-se de sus în jos sau invers în funcție de conținut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Champollion" title="Jean-François Champollion">Jean-François Champollion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/eos/eos_page.pl?DPI=100&callnum=PJ1135.C45&ident=1">Gramatica egipteană a lui Champollion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejackol.com/2005/06/05/hieroglyphs-meme">Traduceri de nume în hieroglife</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Allen, James P. (<time datetime="2000">2000</time>). <i>Middle Egyptian: an Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0521774837" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-77483-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+Egyptian%3A+an+Introduction+to+the+Language+and+Culture+of+Hieroglyphs&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Allen%2C+James+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHieroglifele+egiptene" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Collier, Mark & Bill Manley (<time datetime="1998">1998</time>). <i>How to read Egyptian hieroglyphs: a step-by-step guide to teach yourself</i>. British Museum Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0714119105" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7141-1910-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+read+Egyptian+hieroglyphs%3A+a+step-by-step+guide+to+teach+yourself&rft.pub=British+Museum+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Collier%2C+Mark+%26+Bill+Manley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHieroglifele+egiptene" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Faulkner, Raymond O. (<time datetime="1962">1962</time>). <i>Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian</i>. The Griffith Institute. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0900416327" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-900416-32-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Dictionary+of+Middle+Egyptian&rft.pub=The+Griffith+Institute&rft.date=1962&rft.au=Faulkner%2C+Raymond+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHieroglifele+egiptene" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Gardiner, Sir Alan H. (<time datetime="1973">1973</time>). <i>Egyptian Grammar</i>. The Griffith Institute. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0900416351" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-900416-35-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egyptian+Grammar&rft.pub=The+Griffith+Institute&rft.date=1973&rft.au=Gardiner%2C+Sir+Alan+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHieroglifele+egiptene" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Kamrin, Janice (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <i>Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs; A Practical Guide</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_N._Abrams,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry N. Abrams, Inc. — pagină inexistentă">Harry N. Abrams, Inc.</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/081094961X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8109-4961-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptian+Hieroglyphs%3B+A+Practical+Guide&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Kamrin%2C+Janice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHieroglifele+egiptene" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#FFDEAD;;text-align:center; background:#EECFA1" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style="background:#FFDEAD;;text-align:center; background:#EECFA1;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Vechi_egipteni" title="Format:Vechi egipteni"><span title="Vizualizare format" style="background:#FFDEAD;;text-align:center; background:#EECFA1;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Vechi_egipteni" title="Discuție Format:Vechi egipteni"><span title="Discuție format" style="background:#FFDEAD;;text-align:center; background:#EECFA1;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Vechi_egipteni&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style="background:#FFDEAD;;text-align:center; background:#EECFA1;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_faraonilor_Egipteni" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista faraonilor Egipteni">Egipteni antici</a> notabili</span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;;;">Conducători ai <a href="/wiki/Vechiul_Regat_Egiptean" title="Vechiul Regat Egiptean">Vechiului Regat</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hor-Aha" title="Hor-Aha">Hor-Aha</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sanakhte" title="Sanakhte">Sanakhte</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekhemkhet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekhemkhet — pagină inexistentă">Sekhemkhet</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huni_(Egiptul_Antic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huni (Egiptul Antic) — pagină inexistentă">Huni</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Sneferu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu (Keops)</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Djedefra" title="Djedefra">Djedefra</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Khafra" title="Khafra">Khafra (Kefren)</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Menkaura" title="Menkaura">Menkaura</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Djedefptah" title="Djedefptah">Djedefptah</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Shepseskare_Isi" title="Shepseskare Isi">Shepseskare Isi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Menkauhor Kaiu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi" title="Djedkare Isesi">Djedkare Isesi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepi II Neferkare">Pepi II</a></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="11"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Pharaoh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Faraon"><img alt="Faraon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pharaoh.svg/70px-Pharaoh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pharaoh.svg/105px-Pharaoh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pharaoh.svg/140px-Pharaoh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="680" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;;;">Conducători ai <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Mijlociu_Egiptean" title="Regatul Mijlociu Egiptean">Regatului de Mijloc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mentuhotep_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mentuhotep IV — pagină inexistentă">Mentuhotep IV</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Senusret_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Senusret III">Senusret III</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenemhat_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amenemhat III — pagină inexistentă">Amenemhat III</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobekneferu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sobekneferu — pagină inexistentă">Sobekneferu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;;;">Conducători ai <a href="/wiki/Noul_Regat_Egiptean" title="Noul Regat Egiptean">Noului Regat</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Hat%C8%99epsut" title="Hatșepsut">Hatșepsut</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tutmes_al_III-lea" title="Tutmes al III-lea">Tutmes al III-lea</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_al_III-lea" title="Amenhotep al III-lea">Amenhotep al III-lea</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" class="mw-redirect" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamon" title="Tutankhamon">Tutankhamon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ramses_I" title="Ramses I">Ramses I</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ramses_cel_Mare" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramses cel Mare">Ramses cel Mare</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;;;">Alți conducători </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piye — pagină inexistentă">Piye</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taharqa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taharqa — pagină inexistentă">Taharqa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psammetichus_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psammetichus I — pagină inexistentă">Psammetichus I</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemeu_I_al_Egiptului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ptolemeu I al Egiptului — pagină inexistentă">Ptolemeu I</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;;;">Consorți </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetisheri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetisheri — pagină inexistentă">Tetisheri</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmose-Nefertari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmose-Nefertari — pagină inexistentă">Ahmose-Nefertari</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regina_Ahmose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regina Ahmose — pagină inexistentă">Ahmose</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tiy" title="Tiy">Tiy</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti">Nefertiti</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ankhesenpaaten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ankhesenpaaten — pagină inexistentă">Ankhesenpaaten</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nefertari" title="Nefertari">Nefertari</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Marc_Antoniu" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc Antoniu">Marc Antoniu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;;;">Oficiali ai curții </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Imhotep" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weni — pagină inexistentă">Weni</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmose,_fiul_lui_Ebana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmose, fiul lui Ebana — pagină inexistentă">Ahmose, fiul lui Ebana</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ineni — pagină inexistentă">Ineni</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senemut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senemut — pagină inexistentă">Senemut</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuya — pagină inexistentă">Yuya</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maya_(Egiptul_antic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maya (Egiptul antic) — pagină inexistentă">Maya</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuny — pagină inexistentă">Yuny</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pothinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pothinus — pagină inexistentă">Pothinus</a></div>  </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="background:#FFDEAD;;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:People_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiProject"><img alt="WikiProject" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Proiect:Egiptologie" title="Proiect:Egiptologie">Proiect</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Egiptologie" title="Portal:Egiptologie">Portal</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Hieroglife_egiptene" title="Format:Hieroglife egiptene"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Hieroglife_egiptene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Hieroglife egiptene — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Hieroglife_egiptene&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Hieroglif%C4%83_egiptean%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglifă egipteană">Hieroglife egiptene</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_lui_Gardiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista lui Gardiner — pagină inexistentă">Lista lui Gardiner</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/A" title="Listă de hieroglife/A">A</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/B — pagină inexistentă">B</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/C — pagină inexistentă">C</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/D — pagină inexistentă">D</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/E — pagină inexistentă">E</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/F — pagină inexistentă">F</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/G&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/G — pagină inexistentă">G</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/H&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/H — pagină inexistentă">H</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/I — pagină inexistentă">I</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/K — pagină inexistentă">K</a> • <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/L" title="Listă de hieroglife/L">L</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/M — pagină inexistentă">M</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/N — pagină inexistentă">N</a> • <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/O" title="Listă de hieroglife/O">O</a> • <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/P" title="Listă de hieroglife/P">P</a> • <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/Q" title="Listă de hieroglife/Q">Q</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/R — pagină inexistentă">R</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/S&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/S — pagină inexistentă">S</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/T&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/T — pagină inexistentă">T</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/U&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/U — pagină inexistentă">U</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/V — pagină inexistentă">V</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/W&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/W — pagină inexistentă">W</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/X — pagină inexistentă">X</a> • <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/Y" title="Listă de hieroglife/Y">Y</a> • <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/Z" title="Listă de hieroglife/Z">Z</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_hieroglife/AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de hieroglife/AA — pagină inexistentă">AA</a></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="1"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Q1.png?30a23" height="38" title="Q1" alt="Q1" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12000972s">cb12000972s</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12000972s">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85060649">sh85060649</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000128354&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000128354</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00978198">00978198</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Michael C. Howard (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6QPWXrCCzBIC&pg=PA23">Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies. P. 23.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Di%28eroglufiko%2Fs">ἱερογλυφικός</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek–English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus Digital Library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Di%28ero%2Fs">ἱερός</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek–English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus Digital Library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dglu%2Ffw">γλύφω</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_George_Liddell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry George Liddell — pagină inexistentă">Henry George Liddell</a>, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek–English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus Digital Library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loprieno11-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loprieno11_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Antonio Loprieno, <i>Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995), p. 11.</span> </li> </ol></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6b6c9bdc8b‐n8b2g Cached time: 20241103232954 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.294 seconds Real time usage: 0.388 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2828/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 72079/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 30689/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 66927/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.092/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2641499/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 277.416 1 -total 27.21% 75.482 1 Format:Infocaseta_Sistem_de_scriere 25.72% 71.358 1 Format:Infocasetă 24.85% 68.941 5 Format:Citat_carte 20.52% 56.917 2 Format:Casetă_de_navigare_simplă 20.25% 56.185 1 Format:Vechi_egipteni 15.75% 43.687 1 Format:Control_de_autoritate 3.76% 10.430 1 Format:Ublist 2.94% 8.150 1 Format:Hieroglife_egiptene 1.76% 4.890 2 Format:Tnavbar --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key rowiki:pcache:idhash:9635-0!canonical and timestamp 20241103232954 and revision id 16321178. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&oldid=16321178">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&oldid=16321178</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Hieroglife_egiptene" title="Categorie:Hieroglife egiptene">Hieroglife egiptene</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_care_folosesc_WikiHiero" title="Categorie:Pagini care folosesc WikiHiero">Pagini care folosesc WikiHiero</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_BNF" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_LCCN" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_LNB" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LNB">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_NDL" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NDL">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_control_de_autoritate" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate">Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_ce_folosesc_leg%C4%83turi_automate_c%C4%83tre_ISBN" title="Categorie:Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN">Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 4 iunie 2024, ora 17:49.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. Vedeți detalii la <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termenii de utilizare</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politica de confidențialitate</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Despre">Despre Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Termeni">Termeni</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Cod de conduită</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dezvoltatori</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ro.wikipedia.org">Statistici</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declarație cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hieroglifele_egiptene&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versiune mobilă</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-w49w4","wgBackendResponseTime":203,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.294","walltime":"0.388","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2828,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":72079,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":30689,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":66927,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 277.416 1 -total"," 27.21% 75.482 1 Format:Infocaseta_Sistem_de_scriere"," 25.72% 71.358 1 Format:Infocasetă"," 24.85% 68.941 5 Format:Citat_carte"," 20.52% 56.917 2 Format:Casetă_de_navigare_simplă"," 20.25% 56.185 1 Format:Vechi_egipteni"," 15.75% 43.687 1 Format:Control_de_autoritate"," 3.76% 10.430 1 Format:Ublist"," 2.94% 8.150 1 Format:Hieroglife_egiptene"," 1.76% 4.890 2 Format:Tnavbar"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.092","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2641499,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6b6c9bdc8b-n8b2g","timestamp":"20241103232954","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Hieroglifele egiptene","url":"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hieroglifele_egiptene","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q132659","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q132659","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-06-08T16:30:59Z","dateModified":"2024-06-04T15:49:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c9\/Hieroglyphs_from_the_tomb_of_Seti_I.jpg","headline":"sistem antic de scriere"}</script> </body> </html>