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onclick="return redirectMe();" class="btn btn-primary">Go!</button> </form> <h1 class="title" id="page_title"> 35 U.S. Code § 271 - Infringement of patent </h1> <div class="tabbable-panel"> <div class="tabbable-line"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs "> <li class="active"> <a data-toggle="tab" href="#tab_default_1"> U.S. Code </a> </li> <li> <a data-toggle="tab" href="#tab_default_2"> Notes </a> </li> </ul> <div class="tab-content"> <div id="prevnext"> prev | <a href="/uscode/text/35/272" title=" Temporary presence in the United States">next</a> </div> <div class="tab-pane active" id="tab_default_1">  <text><div class="text"> <div class="section"> <div class="subsection indent0"><a name="a"></a><span class="num" value="a">(a)</span> <div class="content"> Except as otherwise provided in this title, <a aria-label="Definitions - whoever" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=35-USC-1321823708-411717092&term_occur=999&term_src=title:35:part:III:chapter:28:section:271">whoever</a> without authority makes, uses, offers to sell, or sells any patented invention, within the United States or imports into the United States any patented invention during the term of the patent therefor, infringes the patent.</div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><a name="b"></a><span class="num" value="b">(b)</span> <div class="content"> <a aria-label="Definitions - Whoever" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=35-USC-1321823708-411717092&term_occur=999&term_src=title:35:part:III:chapter:28:section:271">Whoever</a> actively induces infringement of a patent shall be liable as an infringer.</div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><a name="c"></a><span class="num" value="c">(c)</span> <div class="content"> <a aria-label="Definitions - Whoever" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=35-USC-1321823708-411717092&term_occur=999&term_src=title:35:part:III:chapter:28:section:271">Whoever</a> offers to sell or sells within the United States or imports into the United States a component of a patented machine, manufacture, combination or composition, or a material or apparatus for use in practicing a patented process, constituting a material part of the invention, knowing the same to be especially made or especially adapted for use in an infringement of such patent, and not a staple article or commodity of commerce suitable for substantial noninfringing use, shall be liable as a contributory infringer.</div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><a name="d"></a><span class="num" value="d">(d)</span> <div class="content"> No patent owner otherwise entitled to relief for infringement or contributory infringement of a patent shall be denied relief or deemed guilty of misuse or illegal extension of the patent right by reason of his having done one or more of the following: (1) derived revenue from acts which if performed by another without his consent would constitute contributory infringement of the patent; (2) licensed or authorized another to perform acts which if performed without his consent would constitute contributory infringement of the patent; (3) sought to enforce his patent rights against infringement or contributory infringement; (4) refused to license or use any rights to the patent; or (5) conditioned the license of any rights to the patent or the sale of the patented product on the acquisition of a license to rights in another patent or purchase of a separate product, unless, in view of the circumstances, the patent owner has market power in the relevant market for the patent or patented product on which the license or sale is conditioned.</div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><a name="e"></a><span class="num" value="e">(e)</span> <div class="paragraph indent0"><a name="e_1"></a><span class="num" value="1">(1)</span> <div class="content"> It shall not be an act of infringement to make, use, offer to sell, or sell within the United States or import into the United States a patented invention (other than a new animal drug or veterinary biological product (as those terms are used in the <a href="/topn/federal_food_drug_and_cosmetic_act">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a> and the Act of <span class="date" date="1913-03-04">March 4, 1913</span>) which is primarily manufactured using recombinant DNA, recombinant RNA, hybridoma technology, or other processes involving site specific genetic manipulation techniques) solely for uses reasonably related to the development and submission of information under a Federal law which regulates the manufacture, use, or sale of drugs or veterinary biological products.</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent0"><a name="e_2"></a><span class="num" value="2">(2)</span><span class="chapeau"> It shall be an act of infringement to submit—</span> <div class="subparagraph indent1"><a name="e_2_A"></a><span class="num" value="A">(A)</span> <div class="content"> an application under section 505(j) of the <a href="/topn/federal_food_drug_and_cosmetic_act">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a> or described in section 505(b)(2) of such Act for a drug claimed in a patent or the use of which is claimed in a patent,</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent1"><a name="e_2_B"></a><span class="num" value="B">(B)</span> <div class="content"> an application under section 512 of such Act or under the Act of <span class="date" date="1913-03-04">March 4, 1913</span> (<a aria-label="21 U.S.C. 151–158" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/151">21 U.S.C. 151–158</a>) for a drug or veterinary biological product which is not primarily manufactured using recombinant DNA, recombinant RNA, hybridoma technology, or other processes involving site specific genetic manipulation techniques and which is claimed in a patent or the use of which is claimed in a patent, or</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent1"><a name="e_2_C"></a><span class="num" value="C">(C)</span> <div class="clause indent1"><a name="e_2_C_i"></a><span class="num" value="i">(i)</span> <div class="content" stripi="True"> with respect to a patent that is identified in the list of patents described in section 351(l)(3) of the <a href="/topn/public_health_service_act">Public Health Service Act</a> (including as provided under section 351(l)(7) of such Act), an application seeking approval of a biological product, or</div> </div> <div class="clause indent1"><a name="e_2_C_ii"></a><span class="num" value="ii">(ii)</span> <div class="content" stripi="True"> if the applicant for the application fails to provide the application and information required under section 351(l)(2)(A) of such Act, an application seeking approval of a biological product for a patent that could be identified pursuant to section 351(l)(3)(A)(i) of such Act,</div> </div> </div> <div class="continuation indent0 firstIndent0">if the purpose of such submission is to obtain approval under such Act to engage in the commercial manufacture, use, or sale of a drug, veterinary biological product, or biological product claimed in a patent or the use of which is claimed in a patent before the expiration of such patent.</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent0"><a name="e_3"></a><span class="num" value="3">(3)</span> <div class="content"> In any action for patent infringement brought under this section, no injunctive or other relief may be granted which would prohibit the making, using, offering to sell, or selling within the United States or importing into the United States of a patented invention under paragraph (1).</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent0"><a name="e_4"></a><span class="num" value="4">(4)</span><span class="chapeau"> For an act of infringement described in paragraph (2)—</span> <div class="subparagraph indent1"><a name="e_4_A"></a><span class="num" value="A">(A)</span> <div class="content"> the court shall order the effective date of any approval of the drug or veterinary biological product involved in the infringement to be a date which is not earlier than the date of the expiration of the patent which has been infringed,</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent1"><a name="e_4_B"></a><span class="num" value="B">(B)</span> <div class="content"> injunctive relief may be granted against an infringer to prevent the commercial manufacture, use, offer to sell, or sale within the United States or importation into the United States of an approved drug, veterinary biological product, or biological product,</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent1"><a name="e_4_C"></a><span class="num" value="C">(C)</span> <div class="content"> damages or other monetary relief may be awarded against an infringer only if there has been commercial manufacture, use, offer to sell, or sale within the United States or importation into the United States of an approved drug, veterinary biological product, or biological product, and</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent1"><a name="e_4_D"></a><span class="num" value="D">(D)</span> <div class="content" stripi="True"> the court shall order a permanent injunction prohibiting any infringement of the patent by the biological product involved in the infringement until a date which is not earlier than the date of the expiration of the patent that has been infringed under paragraph (2)(C), provided the patent is the subject of a final court decision, as defined in section 351(k)(6) of the <a href="/topn/public_health_service_act">Public Health Service Act</a>, in an action for infringement of the patent under section 351(l)(6) of such Act, and the biological product has not yet been approved because of section 351(k)(7) of such Act.</div> </div> <div class="continuation indent0 firstIndent0">The remedies prescribed by subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) are the only remedies which may be granted by a court for an act of infringement described in paragraph (2), except that a court may award attorney fees under section 285.</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent0"><a name="e_5"></a><span class="num" value="5">(5)</span> <div class="content"> Where a person has filed an application described in paragraph (2) that includes a certification under subsection (b)(2)(A)(iv) or (j)(2)(A)(vii)(IV) of section 505 of the <a href="/topn/federal_food_drug_and_cosmetic_act">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a> (<a aria-label="21 U.S.C. 355" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/355">21 U.S.C. 355</a>), and neither the owner of the patent that is the subject of the certification nor the holder of the approved application under subsection (b) of such section for the drug that is claimed by the patent or a use of which is claimed by the patent brought an action for infringement of such patent before the expiration of 45 days after the date on which the notice given under subsection (b)(3) or (j)(2)(B) of such section was received, the courts of the United States shall, to the extent consistent with the Constitution, have subject matter jurisdiction in any action brought by such person under <a href="/uscode/text/28/2201">section 2201 of title 28</a> for a declaratory judgment that such patent is invalid or not infringed.</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent0"><a name="e_6"></a><span class="num" value="6">(6)</span> <div class="subparagraph indent0"><a name="e_6_A"></a><span class="num" value="A">(A)</span><span class="chapeau"> Subparagraph (B) applies, in lieu of paragraph (4), in the case of a patent—</span> <div class="clause indent1"><a name="e_6_A_i"></a><span class="num" value="i">(i)</span> <div class="content" stripi="True"> that is identified, as applicable, in the list of patents described in section 351(l)(4) of the <a href="/topn/public_health_service_act">Public Health Service Act</a> or the lists of patents described in section 351(l)(5)(B) of such Act with respect to a biological product; and</div> </div> <div class="clause indent1"><a name="e_6_A_ii"></a><span class="num" value="ii">(ii)</span><span class="chapeau"> for which an action for infringement of the patent with respect to the biological product—</span> <div class="subclause indent2"><a name="e_6_A_ii_I"></a><span class="num" value="I">(I)</span> <div class="content" stripi="True"> was brought after the expiration of the 30-day period described in subparagraph (A) or (B), as applicable, of section 351(l)(6) of such Act; or</div> </div> <div class="subclause indent2"><a name="e_6_A_ii_II"></a><span class="num" value="II">(II)</span> <div class="content"> was brought before the expiration of the 30-day period described in subclause (I), but which was dismissed without prejudice or was not prosecuted to judgment in good faith.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent0"><a name="e_6_B"></a><span class="num" value="B">(B)</span> <div class="content"> In an action for infringement of a patent described in subparagraph (A), the sole and exclusive remedy that may be granted by a court, upon a finding that the making, using, offering to sell, selling, or importation into the United States of the biological product that is the subject of the action infringed the patent, shall be a reasonable royalty.</div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent0"><a name="e_6_C"></a><span class="num" value="C">(C)</span> <div class="content" stripi="True"> The owner of a patent that should have been included in the list described in section 351(l)(3)(A) of the <a href="/topn/public_health_service_act">Public Health Service Act</a>, including as provided under section 351(l)(7) of such Act for a biological product, but was not timely included in such list, may not bring an action under this section for infringement of the patent with respect to the biological product.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><a name="f"></a><span class="num" value="f">(f)</span> <div class="paragraph indent0"><a name="f_1"></a><span class="num" value="1">(1)</span> <div class="content"> <a aria-label="Definitions - Whoever" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=35-USC-1321823708-411717092&term_occur=999&term_src=title:35:part:III:chapter:28:section:271">Whoever</a> without authority supplies or causes to be supplied in or from the United States all or a substantial portion of the components of a patented invention, where such components are uncombined in whole or in part, in such manner as to actively induce the combination of such components outside of the United States in a manner that would infringe the patent if such combination occurred within the United States, shall be liable as an infringer.</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent0"><a name="f_2"></a><span class="num" value="2">(2)</span> <div class="content"> <a aria-label="Definitions - Whoever" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=35-USC-1321823708-411717092&term_occur=999&term_src=title:35:part:III:chapter:28:section:271">Whoever</a> without authority supplies or causes to be supplied in or from the United States any component of a patented invention that is especially made or especially adapted for use in the invention and not a staple article or commodity of commerce suitable for substantial noninfringing use, where such component is uncombined in whole or in part, knowing that such component is so made or adapted and intending that such component will be combined outside of the United States in a manner that would infringe the patent if such combination occurred within the United States, shall be liable as an infringer.</div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><a name="g"></a><span class="num" value="g">(g)</span><span class="chapeau"> <a aria-label="Definitions - Whoever" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=35-USC-1321823708-411717092&term_occur=999&term_src=title:35:part:III:chapter:28:section:271">Whoever</a> without authority imports into the United States or offers to sell, sells, or uses within the United States a product which is made by a process patented in the United States shall be liable as an infringer, if the importation, offer to sell, sale, or use of the product occurs during the term of such process patent. In an action for infringement of a process patent, no remedy may be granted for infringement on account of the noncommercial use or retail sale of a product unless there is no adequate remedy under this title for infringement on account of the importation or other use, offer to sell, or sale of that product. A product which is made by a patented process will, for purposes of this title, not be considered to be so made after—</span> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="g_1"></a><span class="num" value="1">(1)</span> <div class="content"> it is materially changed by subsequent processes; or</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="g_2"></a><span class="num" value="2">(2)</span> <div class="content"> it becomes a trivial and nonessential component of another product.</div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><a name="h"></a><span class="num" value="h">(h)</span> <div class="content"> As used in this section, the term “<a aria-label="Definitions - whoever" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=35-USC-1321823708-411717092&term_occur=999&term_src=title:35:part:III:chapter:28:section:271">whoever</a>” includes any State, any instrumentality of a State, and any officer or employee of a State or instrumentality of a State acting in his official capacity. Any State, and any such instrumentality, officer, or employee, shall be subject to the provisions of this title in the same manner and to the same extent as any nongovernmental entity.</div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><a name="i"></a><span class="num" value="i">(i)</span> <div class="content"> As used in this section, an “offer for sale” or an “offer to sell” by a person other than the patentee, or any designee of the patentee, is that in which the sale will occur before the expiration of the term of the patent.</div> </div> <div class="sourceCredit">(July 19, 1952, ch. 950, <a href="/rio/citation/66_Stat._811">66 Stat. 811</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._98-417">Pub. L. 98–417, title II, § 202</a>, <span class="date" date="1984-09-24">Sept. 24, 1984</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/98_Stat._1603">98 Stat. 1603</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._98-622">Pub. L. 98–622, title I, § 101(a)</a>, <span class="date" date="1984-11-08">Nov. 8, 1984</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/98_Stat._3383">98 Stat. 3383</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-418">Pub. L. 100–418, title IX, § 9003</a>, <span class="date" date="1988-08-23">Aug. 23, 1988</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/102_Stat._1563">102 Stat. 1563</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-670">Pub. L. 100–670, title II, § 201(i)</a>, <span class="date" date="1988-11-16">Nov. 16, 1988</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/102_Stat._3988">102 Stat. 3988</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-703">Pub. L. 100–703, title II, § 201</a>, <span class="date" date="1988-11-19">Nov. 19, 1988</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/102_Stat._4676">102 Stat. 4676</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._102-560">Pub. L. 102–560, § 2(a)(1)</a>, <span class="date" date="1992-10-28">Oct. 28, 1992</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/106_Stat._4230">106 Stat. 4230</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-465">Pub. L. 103–465, title V, § 533(a)</a>, <span class="date" date="1994-12-08">Dec. 8, 1994</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/108_Stat._4988">108 Stat. 4988</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._108-173">Pub. L. 108–173, title XI, § 1101(d)</a>, <span class="date" date="2003-12-08">Dec. 8, 2003</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/117_Stat._2457">117 Stat. 2457</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._111-148">Pub. L. 111–148, title VII, § 7002(c)(1)</a>, <span class="date" date="2010-03-23">Mar. 23, 2010</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/124_Stat._815">124 Stat. 815</a>.)</div> </div> </div></text> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="tab_default_2">  <notes><div class="notes"> </div><div class="notes"> <div class="note" topic="historicalAndRevision"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Historical and Revision Notes</span> <p>The first paragraph of this section is declaratory only, defining infringement.</p> <p>Paragraphs (b) and (c) define and limit contributory infringement of a patent and paragraph (d) is ancillary to these paragraphs, see preliminary general description of bill. One who actively induces infringement as by aiding and abetting the same is liable as an infringer, and so is one who sells a component part of a patented invention or material or apparatus for use therein knowing the same to be especially made or especially adapted for use in the infringement of the patent except in the case of a staple article or commodity of commerce having other uses. A patentee is not deemed to have misused his patent solely by reason of doing anything authorized by the section.</p> </div> <div class="note" topic="editorialNotes"><span class="heading centered"><strong>Editorial Notes</strong></span></div> <div class="note" topic="referencesInText"> <span class="heading centered smallCaps">References in Text</span> <p>The <a href="/topn/federal_food_drug_and_cosmetic_act">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a>, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), (2), is act June 25, 1938, ch. 675, <a href="/rio/citation/52_Stat._1040">52 Stat. 1040</a>, which is classified generally to chapter 9 (§ 301 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. Sections 505 and 512 of the Act are classified to sections 355 and 360b, respectively, of Title 21. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see <a href="/uscode/text/21/301">section 301 of Title 21</a> and Tables.</p> <p>Act of <span class="date" date="1913-03-04">March 4, 1913</span>, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), (2), is act Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 145, <a href="/rio/citation/37_Stat._828">37 Stat. 828</a>. The provisions of such act relating to viruses, etc., applicable to domestic animals, popularly known as the <a href="/topn/virus-serum-toxin_act">Virus-Serum-Toxin Act</a>, are contained in the eighth paragraph under the heading “Bureau of Animal Industry” of act <span class="date" date="1913-03-04">Mar. 4, 1913</span>, at <a href="/rio/citation/37_Stat._832">37 Stat. 832</a>, and are classified generally to chapter 5 (§ 151 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under <a href="/uscode/text/21/151">section 151 of Title 21</a> and Tables.</p> <p>Section 351 of the <a href="/topn/public_health_service_act">Public Health Service Act</a>, referred to in subsec. (e)(2)(C), (4)(D), (6)(A), (C), is classified to <a href="/uscode/text/42/262">section 262 of Title 42</a>, The Public Health and Welfare.</p> </div> <div class="note" topic="amendments"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Amendments</span> <p>2010—Subsec. (e)(2). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._111-148">Pub. L. 111–148, § 7002(c)(1)(A)(iv)</a>, substituted “, veterinary biological product, or biological product” for “or veterinary biological product” in concluding provisions.</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(2)(C). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._111-148">Pub. L. 111–148, § 7002(c)(1)(A)(i)</a>–(iii), added subpar. (C).</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(4). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._111-148">Pub. L. 111–148, § 7002(c)(1)(B)(iv)</a>, substituted “(C), and (D)” for “and (C)” in concluding provisions.</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(4)(B). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._111-148">Pub. L. 111–148, § 7002(c)(1)(B)(i)</a>, substituted “, veterinary biological product, or biological product” for “or veterinary biological product” and struck out “and” at end.</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(4)(C). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._111-148">Pub. L. 111–148, § 7002(c)(1)(B)(ii)</a>, substituted “, veterinary biological product, or biological product” for “or veterinary biological product” and “, and” for period at end.</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(4)(D). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._111-148">Pub. L. 111–148, § 7002(c)(1)(B)(iii)</a>, added subpar. (D).</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(6). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._111-148">Pub. L. 111–148, § 7002(c)(1)(C)</a>, added par. (6).</p> <p>2003—Subsec. (e)(5). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._108-173">Pub. L. 108–173</a> added par. (5).</p> <p>1994—Subsec. (a). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-465">Pub. L. 103–465, § 533(a)(1)</a>, inserted “, offers to sell,” after “uses” and “or imports into the United States any patented invention” after “the United States”.</p> <p>Subsec. (c). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-465">Pub. L. 103–465, § 533(a)(2)</a>, substituted “offers to sell or sells within the United States or imports into the United States” for “sells”.</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(1). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-465">Pub. L. 103–465, § 533(a)(3)(A)</a>, substituted “offer to sell, or sell within the United States or import into the United States” for “or sell”.</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(3). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-465">Pub. L. 103–465, § 533(a)(3)(B)</a>, substituted “offering to sell, or selling within the United States or importing into the United States” for “or selling”.</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(4)(B), (C). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-465">Pub. L. 103–465, § 533(a)(3)(C)</a>, (D), substituted “offer to sell, or sale within the United States or importation into the United States” for “or sale”.</p> <p>Subsec. (g). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-465">Pub. L. 103–465, § 533(a)(4)</a>, substituted “offers to sell, sells,” for “sells”, “importation, offer to sell, sale,” for “importation, sale,”, and “other use, offer to sell, or” for “other use or”.</p> <p>Subsec. (i). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-465">Pub. L. 103–465, § 533(a)(5)</a>, added subsec. (i).</p> <p>1992—Subsec. (h). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._102-560">Pub. L. 102–560</a> added subsec. (h).</p> <p>1988—Subsec. (d). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-703">Pub. L. 100–703</a> added cls. (4) and (5).</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(1). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-670">Pub. L. 100–670, § 201(i)(1)</a>, inserted “which is primarily manufactured using recombinant DNA, recombinant RNA, hybridoma technology, or other processes involving site specific genetic manipulation techniques” after “<span class="date" date="1913-03-04">March 4, 1913</span>)” and “or veterinary biological products” after “sale of drugs”.</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(2). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-670">Pub. L. 100–670, § 201(i)(2)</a>, amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “It shall be an act of infringement to submit an application under section 505(j) of the <a href="/topn/federal_food_drug_and_cosmetic_act">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a> or described in section 505(b)(2) of such Act for a drug claimed in a patent or the use of which is claimed in a patent, if the purpose of such submission is to obtain approval under such Act to engage in the commercial manufacture, use, or sale of a drug claimed in a patent or the use of which is claimed in a patent before the expiration of such patent.”</p> <p>Subsec. (e)(4). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-670">Pub. L. 100–670, § 201(i)(3)</a>, inserted “or veterinary biological product” after “drug” in subpars. (A) to (C).</p> <p>Subsec. (g). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-418">Pub. L. 100–418</a> added subsec. (g).</p> <p>1984—Subsec. (e). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._98-417">Pub. L. 98–417</a> added subsec. (e).</p> <p>Subsec. (f). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._98-622">Pub. L. 98–622</a> added subsec. (f).</p> </div> <div class="note" topic="statutoryNotes"><span class="heading centered"><strong>Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries</strong></span></div> <div class="note" topic="effectiveDateOfAmendment"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Effective Date of 1994 Amendment</span> <p>Amendment by <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-465">Pub. L. 103–465</a> effective on date that is one year after date on which the WTO Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States [<span class="date" date="1995-01-01">Jan. 1, 1995</span>], with provisions relating to earliest filed patent application, see section 534(a), (b)(3) of <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._103-465">Pub. L. 103–465</a>, set out as a note under <a href="/uscode/text/35/154">section 154 of this title</a>.</p> </div> <div class="note" topic="effectiveDateOfAmendment"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Effective Date of 1992 Amendment</span> <p>Amendment by <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._102-560">Pub. L. 102–560</a> effective with respect to violations that occur on or after <span class="date" date="1992-10-28">Oct. 28, 1992</span>, see <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._102-560">section 4 of Pub. L. 102–560</a>, set out as a note under <a href="/uscode/text/7/2541">section 2541 of Title 7</a>, Agriculture.</p> </div> <div class="note" topic="effectiveDateOfAmendment"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Effective Date of 1988 Amendment</span> <p><a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-703">Pub. L. 100–703, title II, § 202</a>, <span class="date" date="1988-11-19">Nov. 19, 1988</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/102_Stat._4676">102 Stat. 4676</a>, provided that: </p><div class="quotedContent" origin="/us/pl/100/703/tII/s202">“The amendment made by this title [amending this section] shall apply only to cases filed on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [<span class="date" date="1988-11-19">Nov. 19, 1988</span>].”</div> <p><a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-418">Pub. L. 100–418, title IX, § 9006</a>, <span class="date" date="1988-08-23">Aug. 23, 1988</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/102_Stat._1566">102 Stat. 1566</a>, provided that:</p><div class="quotedContent" origin="/us/pl/100/418/tIX/s9006"> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="a">“(a)</span><span class="heading"> In General.—</span> <div class="content">The amendments made by this subtitle [subtitle A (§§ 9001–9007) of title IX of <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-418">Pub. L. 100–418</a>, enacting <a href="/uscode/text/35/295">section 295 of this title</a> and amending this section and sections 154 and 287 of this title] take effect 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [<span class="date" date="1988-08-23">Aug. 23, 1988</span>] and, subject to subsections (b) and (c), shall apply only with respect to products made or imported after the effective date of the amendments made by this subtitle.</div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="b">“(b)</span><span class="heading"> Exceptions.—</span> <div class="content">The amendments made by this subtitle shall not abridge or affect the right of any person or any successor in business of such person to continue to use, sell, or import any specific product already in substantial and continuous sale or use by such person in the United States on <span class="date" date="1988-01-01">January 1, 1988</span>, or for which substantial preparation by such person for such sale or use was made before such date, to the extent equitable for the protection of commercial investments made or business commenced in the United States before such date. This subsection shall not apply to any person or any successor in business of such person using, selling, or importing a product produced by a patented process that is the subject of a process patent enforcement action commenced before <span class="date" date="1987-01-01">January 1, 1987</span>, before the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/sba_international_trade" occur="1" src="named_federal_agencies">International Trade</span> Commission, that is pending or in which an order has been entered.</div> </div> <div class="subsection indent0"><span class="num" value="c">“(c)</span><span class="heading"> Retention of Other Remedies.—</span> <div class="content">The amendments made by this subtitle shall not deprive a patent owner of any remedies available under subsections (a) through (f) of <a href="/uscode/text/35/271">section 271 of title 35</a>, United States Code, under section 337 of the <a href="/topn/hawley-smoot_tariff_act">Tariff Act of 1930</a> [<a aria-label="19 U.S.C. 1337" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/19/1337">19 U.S.C. 1337</a>], or under any other provision of law.”</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="note" topic="effectiveDateOfAmendment"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Effective Date of 1984 Amendment</span> <p>Amendment by <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._98-622">Pub. L. 98–622</a> applicable only to the supplying, or causing to be supplied, of any component or components of a patented invention after <span class="date" date="1984-11-08">Nov. 8, 1984</span>, see <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._98-622">section 106(c) of Pub. L. 98–622</a>, set out as a note under <a href="/uscode/text/35/103">section 103 of this title</a>.</p> </div> <div class="note" topic="miscellaneous"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Reports to <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" markup="no-show" occur="1" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span>; Effect on Domestic Industries of Process Patent Amendments Act of 1988</span> <p><a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-418">Pub. L. 100–418, title IX, § 9007</a>, <span class="date" date="1988-08-23">Aug. 23, 1988</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/102_Stat._1567">102 Stat. 1567</a>, provided that the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doc_osec_secretary" occur="1" src="named_federal_agencies">Secretary of Commerce</span> was to make annual reports to <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="2" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span> covering each of the successive five 1-year periods beginning 6 months after <span class="date" date="1988-08-23">Aug. 23, 1988</span>, on the effect of the amendments made by subtitle A (§§ 9001–9007) of title IX of <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._100-418">Pub. L. 100–418</a>, enacting <a href="/uscode/text/35/295">section 295 of this title</a> and amending sections 154, 271, and 287 of this title, on those domestic industries that submit complaints to the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/department_of_commerce" occur="1" src="named_federal_agencies">Department of Commerce</span> alleging that their legitimate sources of supply have been adversely affected by the amendments.</p> </div> </div></notes> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="page-bottom" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="region region-bottom"> <div id="block-liidfp-2" class="block block-liidfp first last odd"> <div class="gfs"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-bottom" data-google-query-id="CNH77Z7C7d8CFURLAQodp9oMpg"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-bottom'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <aside id="supersizeme" class="col-sm-4" aria-label="Sponsor Listings and Toolbox panel"> <div class="block" id="toolbox"> <h2 class="title toolbox"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-briefcase"></span> U.S. Code Toolbox </h2> <div class="clear-block wexlink"> <a href="/wex/wex_articles">Law about... 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