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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">     <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="ru" xml:lang="ru" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <head> <title>Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from supernova remnant W44 as probed by Fermi-LAT and MAGIC - CERN Document Server</title> <link href='https://framework.web.cern.ch/framework/2.0/fonts/PTSansWeb/PTSansWeb.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/css/cern_theme.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet"href="/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar.css" type="text/css" />    <link rel="canonical" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=el" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=fr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="bg" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=bg" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-TW" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=zh_TW" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=pt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="no" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=no" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=hr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ca" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=ca" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=it" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=zh_CN" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=sv" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sk" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=sk" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=pl" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=ru" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ka" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=ka" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=ja" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847?ln=es" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CERN Document Server RSS" href="/rss?ln=ru" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cds.cern.ch/opensearchdescription" title="CERN Document Server" /> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="https://cds.cern.ch/unapi" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="ru" /> <meta name="description" content="Context. The supernova remnant (SNR) W44 and its surroundings are a prime target for studying the acceleration of cosmic rays (CRs). Several previous studies established an extended gamma-ray emission that is set apart from the radio shell of W44. This emission is thought to originate from escaped high-energy CRs that interact with a surrounding dense molecular cloud complex.Aims. We present a detailed analysis of Fermi-LAT data with an emphasis on the spatial and spectral properties of W44 and its surroundings. We also report the results of the observations performed with the MAGIC telescopes of the northwestern region of W44. Finally, we present an interpretation model to explain the gamma-ray emission of the SNR and its surroundings.Methods. We first performed a detailed spatial analysis of 12 years of Fermi-LAT data at energies above 1 GeV, in order to exploit the better angular resolution, while we set a threshold of 100 MeV for the spectral analysis. We performed a likelihood analysis of 174 hours of MAGIC data above 130 GeV using the spatial information obtained with Fermi-LAT.Results. The combined spectra of Fermi-LAT and MAGIC, extending from 100 MeV to several TeV, were used to derive constraints on the escape of CRs. Using a time-dependent model to describe the particle acceleration and escape from the SNR, we show that the maximum energy of the accelerated particles has to be ≃40 GeV. However, our gamma-ray data suggest that a small number of lower-energy particles also needs to escape. We propose a novel model, the broken-shock scenario, to account for this effect and explain the gamma-ray emission.Key words: acceleration of particles / diffusion / cosmic rays / ISM: supernova remnants / gamma rays: general Context. The supernova remnant (SNR) W44 and its surroundings are a prime target for studying the acceleration of cosmic rays (CRs). Several previous studies established an extended gamma-ray emission that is set apart from the radio shell of W44. This emission is thought to originate from escaped high-energy CRs that interact with a surrounding dense molecular cloud complex. Aims. We present a detailed analysis of Fermi-LAT data with an emphasis on the spatial and spectral properties of W44 and its surroundings. We also report the results of the observations performed with the MAGIC telescopes of the northwestern region of W44. Finally, we present an interpretation model to explain the gamma-ray emission of the SNR and its surroundings. Methods. We first performed a detailed spatial analysis of 12 years of Fermi-LAT data at energies above 1 GeV, in order to exploit the better angular resolution, while we set a threshold of 100MeV for the spectral analysis. We performed a likelihood analysis of 174 hours of MAGIC data above 130 GeV using the spatial information obtained with Fermi-LAT. Results. The combined spectra of Fermi-LAT and MAGIC, extending from 100MeV to several TeV, were used to derive constraints on the escape of CRs. Using a time-dependent model to describe the particle acceleration and escape from the SNR, we show that the maximum energy of the accelerated particles has to be ' 40 GeV. However, our gamma-ray data suggest that a small number of lower-energy particles also needs to escape. We propose a novel model, the broken-shock scenario, to account for this effect and explain the gamma-ray emission. Abe, S.; Abhir, J.; Abhishek, A.; Acciari, V.A.; Aguasca-Cabot, A.; Agudo, I.; Aniello, T.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L.A.; Engels, A. Arbet; Arcaro, C.; Asano, K.; Babi'c, A.; Baquero, A.; de Almeida, U. Barres; Barrio, J.A.; Batkovi'c, I.; Bautista, A.; Baxter, J.; Gonz'alez, J. Becerra; Bednarek, W.; Bernardini, E.; Bernete, J.; Berti, A.; Besenrieder, J.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Blanch, O.; Bonnoli, G.; Bošnjak, Ž.; Bronzini, E.; Burelli, I.; Busetto, G.; Campoy-Ordaz, A.; Carosi, A.; Carosi, R.; Carretero-Castrillo, M.; Castro-Tirado, A.J.; Cerasole, D.; Ceribella, G.; Chai, Y.; Chilingarian, A.; Cifuentes, A.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J.L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; D'Amico, G.; D'Elia, V.; Da Vela, P.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De Lotto, B.; de Menezes, R.; Del Popolo, A.; Delfino, M.; Delgado, J.; Delgado Mendez, C.; Di Pierro, F.; Dominis Prester, D.; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Elsaesser, D.; Emery, G.; Escudero, J.; Fariña, L.; na, L. Fari\; Fattorini, A.; Foffano, L.; Font, L.; Fröse, S.; Fukazawa, Y.; L'opez, R.J. Garc'ia; Garczarczyk, M.; Gasparyan, S.; Gaug, M.; Giesbrecht Paiva, J.G.; Giglietto, N.; Gliwny, P.; Godinovi'c, N.; Gozzini, S.R.; Gradetzke, T.; Grau, R.; Green, J.G.; Günther, P.; Hadasch, D.; Hahn, A.; Hassan, T.; Heckmann, L.; Herrera, J.; Hrupec, D.; Hütten, M.; Imazawa, R.; Ishio, K.; Mart'inez, I. Jim'enez; Jormanainen, J.; Kayanoki, T.; Kerszberg, D.; Kluge, G.W.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kouch, P.M.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; L'ainez, M.; Lamastra, A.; Leone, F.; Lindfors, E.; Linhoff, L.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; L'opez-Coto, R.; L'opez-Moya, M.; L'opez-Oramas, A.; Loporchio, S.; Lorini, A.; Lyard, E.; Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Maneva, G.; Mang, N.; Manganaro, M.; Mangano, S.; Mannheim, K.; Mariotti, M.; Mart'inez, M.; Mart'inez-Chicharro, M.; Mas-Aguilar, A.; Mazin, D.; Menchiari, S.; Mender, S.; Miceli, D.; Miener, T.; Miranda, J.M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Gonz'alez, M. Molero; Molina, E.; Mondal, H.A.; Moralejo, A.; Morcuende, D.; Nakamori, T.; Nanci, C.; Nava, L.; Neustroev, V.; Nickel, L.; Nievas Rosillo, M.; Nigro, C.; Nikoli'c, L.; Nishijima, K.; Ekoume, T. Njoh; Noda, K.; Nozaki, S.; Ohtani, Y.; Okumura, A.; Otero-Santos, J.; Paiano, S.; Palatiello, M.; Paneque, D.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J.M.; Peresano, M.; Persic, M.; Pihet, M.; Pirola, G.; Podobnik, F.; Prada Moroni, P.G.; Prandini, E.; Principe, G.; Priyadarshi, C.; Rhode, W.; Rib'o, M.; Rico, J.; Righi, C.; Sahakyan, N.; Saito, T.; Satalecka, K.; Saturni, F.G.; Schleicher, B.; Schmidt, K.; Schmuckermaier, F.; Schubert, J.L.; Schweizer, T.; Sciaccaluga, A.; Silvestri, G.; Sitarek, J.; Sliusar, V.; Sobczynska, D.; Spolon, A.; Stamerra, A.; Striskovi'c, J.; Strom, D.; Strzys, M.; Suda, Y.; Suutarinen, S.; Tajima, H.; Takahashi, M.; Takeishi, R.; Temnikov, P.; Terauchi, K.; Terzi'c, T.; Teshima, M.; Truzzi, S.; Tutone, A.; Ubach, S.; van Scherpenberg, J.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Ventura, S.; Viale, I.; Vigorito, C.F.; Vitale, V.; Vovk, I.; Walter, R.; Will, M.; Wunderlich, C.; Yamamoto, T.; Di Tria, R.; Di Venere, L.; Giordano, F.; Bissaldi, E.; Green, D.; Morlino, G." /> <meta name="keywords" content="CERN Document Server, WebSearch, CERN Document Server" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$']], processEscapes: true}, showProcessingMessages: false, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML" type="text/javascript"> </script>  <meta content="EDP Sciences : Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from supernova remnant W44 as probed by Fermi-LAT and MAGIC" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="Abe, S." name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Bigongiari, C." name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Teshima, M." name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Aguasca-Cabot, A." name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Dorner, D." name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Giesbrecht Paiva, J.G." name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Linhoff, L." name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Sahakyan, N." name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Strom, D." name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Carosi, A." name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Kubo, H." name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Elsaesser, D." name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Ekoume, T. 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Astrophys." name="citation_journal_title" /> <meta content="693" name="citation_volume" /> <meta content="A255" name="citation_firstpage" /> <meta content="2025/01/07" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2025/02/20"> <meta content="arXiv:2501.03889" name="citation_technical_report_number" /> <meta content="10.1051/0004-6361/202449748" name="citation_doi" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/2501.03889.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/document.pdf" />  <meta content="Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from supernova remnant W44 as probed by Fermi-LAT and MAGIC" property="og:title" /> <meta content="EDP Sciences" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847" property="og:url" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/template_W44_thor.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/template_W44_thor.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/template_W44_thor.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/ellipse_ring_divided_115deg.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/ellipse_ring_divided_115deg.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_NW_SE_fit_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_NW_SE_fit_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/psmap_W44_fit_ext_disks_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/psmap_W44_fit_ext_disks_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_W44_fit_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_W44_fit_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_galdiff_SE_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_galdiff_SE_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_galdiff_Diff_Disk_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_galdiff_Diff_Disk_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_models_W44_NW_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_models_W44_NW_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_galdiff_NW_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_galdiff_NW_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/fullellipse_115deg_041_023.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/fullellipse_115deg_041_023.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_model_CRs_NW_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_model_CRs_NW_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/template_w44_catalog.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/template_w44_catalog.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_models_W44_SE_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/SED_models_W44_SE_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/CO_overlap_w44_disks_viridis_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/CO_overlap_w44_disks_viridis_last.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/RelFluxMap_W44_stacked_ZdCombined_COmap_0_crop.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/RelFluxMap_W44_stacked_ZdCombined_COmap_0_crop.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/full_ellipse_divided_125deg.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/full_ellipse_divided_125deg.png" /> <meta content="CERN Document Server" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="Context. The supernova remnant (SNR) W44 and its surroundings are a prime target for studying the acceleration of cosmic rays (CRs). Several previous studies established an extended gamma-ray emission that is set apart from the radio shell of W44. This emission is thought to originate from escaped high-energy CRs that interact with a surrounding dense molecular cloud complex.Aims. We present a detailed analysis of Fermi-LAT data with an emphasis on the spatial and spectral properties of W44 and its surroundings. We also report the results of the observations performed with the MAGIC telescopes of the northwestern region of W44. Finally, we present an interpretation model to explain the gamma-ray emission of the SNR and its surroundings.Methods. We first performed a detailed spatial analysis of 12 years of Fermi-LAT data at energies above 1 GeV, in order to exploit the better angular resolution, while we set a threshold of 100 MeV for the spectral analysis. We performed a likelihood analysis of 174 hours of MAGIC data above 130 GeV using the spatial information obtained with Fermi-LAT.Results. The combined spectra of Fermi-LAT and MAGIC, extending from 100 MeV to several TeV, were used to derive constraints on the escape of CRs. Using a time-dependent model to describe the particle acceleration and escape from the SNR, we show that the maximum energy of the accelerated particles has to be ≃40 GeV. However, our gamma-ray data suggest that a small number of lower-energy particles also needs to escape. We propose a novel model, the broken-shock scenario, to account for this effect and explain the gamma-ray emission.Key words: acceleration of particles / diffusion / cosmic rays / ISM: supernova remnants / gamma rays: general" property="og:description" /> <meta content="Context. The supernova remnant (SNR) W44 and its surroundings are a prime target for studying the acceleration of cosmic rays (CRs). Several previous studies established an extended gamma-ray emission that is set apart from the radio shell of W44. This emission is thought to originate from escaped high-energy CRs that interact with a surrounding dense molecular cloud complex. Aims. We present a detailed analysis of Fermi-LAT data with an emphasis on the spatial and spectral properties of W44 and its surroundings. We also report the results of the observations performed with the MAGIC telescopes of the northwestern region of W44. Finally, we present an interpretation model to explain the gamma-ray emission of the SNR and its surroundings. Methods. We first performed a detailed spatial analysis of 12 years of Fermi-LAT data at energies above 1 GeV, in order to exploit the better angular resolution, while we set a threshold of 100MeV for the spectral analysis. We performed a likelihood analysis of 174 hours of MAGIC data above 130 GeV using the spatial information obtained with Fermi-LAT. Results. The combined spectra of Fermi-LAT and MAGIC, extending from 100MeV to several TeV, were used to derive constraints on the escape of CRs. Using a time-dependent model to describe the particle acceleration and escape from the SNR, we show that the maximum energy of the accelerated particles has to be ' 40 GeV. However, our gamma-ray data suggest that a small number of lower-energy particles also needs to escape. We propose a novel model, the broken-shock scenario, to account for this effect and explain the gamma-ray emission." property="og:description" /> <meta content="arXiv" property="og:description" /> <meta content="EDP Sciences" property="og:description" />  <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <style></style> </head> <body class="CERN32Document32Server search" lang="ru">  <div id="cern-toolbar"> <h1><a href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN">CERN <span>Accelerating science</span></a></h1> <ul> <li class="cern-accountlinks"><a class="cern-account" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/login?ln=ru&referer=https%3A//cds.cern.ch/record/2924847%3Fln%3Dru" title="Sign in to your CERN account">Sign in</a></li> <li><a class="cern-directory" href="http://cern.ch/directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div role="banner" class="clearfix" id="header"> <div class="header-inner inner"> <hgroup class="clearfix"> <h2 id="site-name"> <a rel="home" title="Home" href="/"><span>CERN Document Server</span></a> </h2> <h3 id="site-slogan">Access articles, reports and multimedia content in HEP</h3> </hgroup> <div role="navigation" id="main-navigation" class="cdsmenu"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul class="links inline clearfix"> <li class="menu-386 first active-trail"><a class="active-trail" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=ru">Искать</a></li> <li class="menu-444 "><a class="" title="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=ru">Внести</a></li> <li class="menu-426 "><a class="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=ru">Помощь</a></li> <li class="leaf hassubcdsmenu"> <a hreflang="en" class="header" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=ru">Персонализовать</a> <ul class="subsubcdsmenu"><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/list?ln=ru">Ваши оповещения</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourbaskets/display?ln=ru">Ваши книжные полки</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourcomments?ln=ru">Your comments</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/display?ln=ru">Ваши поисковые запросы</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> <a href="/?ln=ru" class="navtrail">Главная страница</a> > Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from supernova remnant W44 as probed by Fermi-LAT and MAGIC </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pagebody"><div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <div class="detailedrecordbox"> <div class="detailedrecordtabs"> <div> <ul class="detailedrecordtabs"><li class="on first"><a href="/record/2924847/?ln=ru">Информация </a></li><li class=""><a href="/record/2924847/files?ln=ru">Файлы </a></li></ul> <div id="tabsSpacer" style="clear:both;height:0px"> </div></div> </div> <div class="detailedrecordboxcontent"> <div class="top-left-folded"></div> <div class="top-right-folded"></div> <div class="inside">  <abbr class="unapi-id" title="2924847"></abbr> <style type="text/css">  </style> <table class="formatRecordTableFullWidth" > <tr> <td class="formatRecordHeader" style="background-image: url('https://cds.cern.ch/img/journals.jpg');" colspan="2">  Article </td> </tr> <script type="text/javascript"> $( document ).ready(function() { $('.showAuthor').on('click', function() { var author = '<p>' + $(this).data('name') + '</p>'; 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var link = document.getElementById('link'); var extension = document.getElementById('extension'); if (more.style.display=='none'){ more.style.display = ''; extension.style.display = 'none'; link.innerHTML = "Руководство" } else { more.style.display = 'none'; extension.style.display = ''; link.innerHTML = "Показать всех 222 авторов" } link.style.color = "rgb(204,0,0);" } function set_up(){ var extension = document.getElementById('extension'); extension.innerHTML = ""; toggle_authors_visibility(); } </script> <a name="show_hide" /><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Abe%2C%20S.&ln=ru">Abe, S.</a> (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Abhir%2C%20J.&ln=ru">Abhir, J.</a> (Zurich, ETH) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Abhishek%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Abhishek, A.</a> (INFN, Pisa ; Siena U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Acciari%2C%20V.A.&ln=ru">Acciari, V.A.</a> (Laguna U., Tenerife) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Aguasca-Cabot%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Aguasca-Cabot, A.</a> (Barcelona U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Agudo%2C%20I.&ln=ru">Agudo, I.</a> (IAA, Granada) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Aniello%2C%20T.&ln=ru">Aniello, T.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Ansoldi%2C%20S.&ln=ru">Ansoldi, S.</a> (Udine U. ; INFN, Trieste ; ICRA, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Antonelli%2C%20L.A.&ln=ru">Antonelli, L.A.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Engels%2C%20A.%20Arbet&ln=ru">Engels, A. Arbet</a> (Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE)<span id="more" style=""> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Arcaro%2C%20C.&ln=ru">Arcaro, C.</a> (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Asano%2C%20K.&ln=ru">Asano, K.</a> (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Babi%27c%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Babi'c, A.</a> (Zagreb U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Baquero%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Baquero, A.</a> (HIAST ; Madrid U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=de%20Almeida%2C%20U.%20Barres&ln=ru">de Almeida, U. Barres</a> (Rio de Janeiro, CBPF) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Barrio%2C%20J.A.&ln=ru">Barrio, J.A.</a> (HIAST ; Madrid U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Batkovi%27c%2C%20I.&ln=ru">Batkovi'c, I.</a> (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Bautista%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Bautista, A.</a> (Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Baxter%2C%20J.&ln=ru">Baxter, J.</a> (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Gonz%27alez%2C%20J.%20Becerra&ln=ru">Gonz'alez, J. Becerra</a> (Laguna U., Tenerife) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Bednarek%2C%20W.&ln=ru">Bednarek, W.</a> (Lodz U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Bernardini%2C%20E.&ln=ru">Bernardini, E.</a> (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Bernete%2C%20J.&ln=ru">Bernete, J.</a> (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Berti%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Berti, A.</a> (Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Besenrieder%2C%20J.&ln=ru">Besenrieder, J.</a> (Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Bigongiari%2C%20C.&ln=ru">Bigongiari, C.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Biland%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Biland, A.</a> (Zurich, ETH) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Blanch%2C%20O.&ln=ru">Blanch, O.</a> (Barcelona, IFAE) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Bonnoli%2C%20G.&ln=ru">Bonnoli, G.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Bo%C5%A1njak%2C%20%C5%BD.&ln=ru">Bošnjak, Ž.</a> (Zagreb U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Bronzini%2C%20E.&ln=ru">Bronzini, E.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Burelli%2C%20I.&ln=ru">Burelli, I.</a> (Udine U. ; INFN, Trieste) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Busetto%2C%20G.&ln=ru">Busetto, G.</a> (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Campoy-Ordaz%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Campoy-Ordaz, A.</a> (Barcelona, Autonoma U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Carosi%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Carosi, A.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Carosi%2C%20R.&ln=ru">Carosi, R.</a> (Pisa U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Carretero-Castrillo%2C%20M.&ln=ru">Carretero-Castrillo, M.</a> (Barcelona U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Castro-Tirado%2C%20A.J.&ln=ru">Castro-Tirado, A.J.</a> (IAA, Granada) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Cerasole%2C%20D.&ln=ru">Cerasole, D.</a> (Bari Polytechnic ; INFN, Bari) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Ceribella%2C%20G.&ln=ru">Ceribella, G.</a> (Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Chai%2C%20Y.&ln=ru">Chai, Y.</a> (Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Chilingarian%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Chilingarian, A.</a> (Yerevan Phys. Inst.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Cifuentes%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Cifuentes, A.</a> (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Colombo%2C%20E.&ln=ru">Colombo, E.</a> (Laguna U., Tenerife) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Contreras%2C%20J.L.&ln=ru">Contreras, J.L.</a> (HIAST ; Madrid U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Cortina%2C%20J.&ln=ru">Cortina, J.</a> (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Covino%2C%20S.&ln=ru">Covino, S.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=D%27Amico%2C%20G.&ln=ru">D'Amico, G.</a> (Bergen U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=D%27Elia%2C%20V.&ln=ru">D'Elia, V.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Da%20Vela%2C%20P.&ln=ru">Da Vela, P.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Dazzi%2C%20F.&ln=ru">Dazzi, F.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=De%20Angelis%2C%20A.&ln=ru">De Angelis, A.</a> (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=De%20Lotto%2C%20B.&ln=ru">De Lotto, B.</a> (Udine U. ; INFN, Trieste) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=de%20Menezes%2C%20R.&ln=ru">de Menezes, R.</a> (INFN, Turin ; Turin U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Del%20Popolo%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Del Popolo, A.</a> (Catania U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Delfino%2C%20M.&ln=ru">Delfino, M.</a> (Barcelona, IFAE ; PIC, Bellaterra) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Delgado%2C%20J.&ln=ru">Delgado, J.</a> (Barcelona, IFAE ; PIC, Bellaterra) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Delgado%20Mendez%2C%20C.&ln=ru">Delgado Mendez, C.</a> (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Di%20Pierro%2C%20F.&ln=ru">Di Pierro, F.</a> (INFN, Turin ; Turin U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Dominis%20Prester%2C%20D.&ln=ru">Dominis Prester, D.</a> (Rijeka U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Donini%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Donini, A.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Dorner%2C%20D.&ln=ru">Dorner, D.</a> (Wurzburg U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Doro%2C%20M.&ln=ru">Doro, M.</a> (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Elsaesser%2C%20D.&ln=ru">Elsaesser, D.</a> (Tech. U., Dortmund (main)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Emery%2C%20G.&ln=ru">Emery, G.</a> (Geneva U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Escudero%2C%20J.&ln=ru">Escudero, J.</a> (IAA, Granada) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Fari%C3%B1a%2C%20L.&ln=ru">Fariña, L.</a> (Barcelona, IFAE) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=na%2C%20L.%20Fari%5C&ln=ru">na, L. Fari\</a> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Fattorini%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Fattorini, A.</a> (Tech. U., Dortmund (main)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Foffano%2C%20L.&ln=ru">Foffano, L.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Font%2C%20L.&ln=ru">Font, L.</a> (Barcelona, Autonoma U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Fr%C3%B6se%2C%20S.&ln=ru">Fröse, S.</a> (Tech. U., Dortmund (main)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Fukazawa%2C%20Y.&ln=ru">Fukazawa, Y.</a> (Hiroshima U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=L%27opez%2C%20R.J.%20Garc%27ia&ln=ru">L'opez, R.J. Garc'ia</a> (Laguna U., Tenerife) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Garczarczyk%2C%20M.&ln=ru">Garczarczyk, M.</a> (DESY) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Gasparyan%2C%20S.&ln=ru">Gasparyan, S.</a> (ICRANet, Yerevan) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Gaug%2C%20M.&ln=ru">Gaug, M.</a> (Barcelona, Autonoma U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Giesbrecht%20Paiva%2C%20J.G.&ln=ru">Giesbrecht Paiva, J.G.</a> (Rio de Janeiro, CBPF) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Giglietto%2C%20N.&ln=ru">Giglietto, N.</a> (Bari Polytechnic ; INFN, Bari) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Gliwny%2C%20P.&ln=ru">Gliwny, P.</a> (Lodz U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Godinovi%27c%2C%20N.&ln=ru">Godinovi'c, N.</a> (Split U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Gozzini%2C%20S.R.&ln=ru">Gozzini, S.R.</a> (DESY) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Gradetzke%2C%20T.&ln=ru">Gradetzke, T.</a> (Tech. U., Dortmund (main)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Grau%2C%20R.&ln=ru">Grau, R.</a> (Barcelona, IFAE) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Green%2C%20J.G.&ln=ru">Green, J.G.</a> (Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=G%C3%BCnther%2C%20P.&ln=ru">Günther, P.</a> (Wurzburg U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Hadasch%2C%20D.&ln=ru">Hadasch, D.</a> (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Hahn%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Hahn, A.</a> (Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Hassan%2C%20T.&ln=ru">Hassan, T.</a> (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Heckmann%2C%20L.&ln=ru">Heckmann, L.</a> (Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE ; Innsbruck U., Inst. Astrophys.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Herrera%2C%20J.&ln=ru">Herrera, J.</a> (Laguna U., Tenerife) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Hrupec%2C%20D.&ln=ru">Hrupec, D.</a> (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=H%C3%BCtten%2C%20M.&ln=ru">Hütten, M.</a> (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Imazawa%2C%20R.&ln=ru">Imazawa, R.</a> (Hiroshima U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Ishio%2C%20K.&ln=ru">Ishio, K.</a> (Lodz U. ; Torun, Copernicus Astron. Ctr.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mart%27inez%2C%20I.%20Jim%27enez&ln=ru">Mart'inez, I. Jim'enez</a> (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Jormanainen%2C%20J.&ln=ru">Jormanainen, J.</a> (Turku U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Kayanoki%2C%20T.&ln=ru">Kayanoki, T.</a> (Hiroshima U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Kerszberg%2C%20D.&ln=ru">Kerszberg, D.</a> (Barcelona, IFAE) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Kluge%2C%20G.W.&ln=ru">Kluge, G.W.</a> (Bergen U. ; Oslo U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Kobayashi%2C%20Y.&ln=ru">Kobayashi, Y.</a> (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Kouch%2C%20P.M.&ln=ru">Kouch, P.M.</a> (Turku U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Kubo%2C%20H.&ln=ru">Kubo, H.</a> (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Kushida%2C%20J.&ln=ru">Kushida, J.</a> (Tokai U., Hiratsuka) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=L%27ainez%2C%20M.&ln=ru">L'ainez, M.</a> (HIAST ; Madrid U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Lamastra%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Lamastra, A.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Leone%2C%20F.&ln=ru">Leone, F.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Lindfors%2C%20E.&ln=ru">Lindfors, E.</a> (Turku U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Linhoff%2C%20L.&ln=ru">Linhoff, L.</a> (Tech. U., Dortmund (main)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Lombardi%2C%20S.&ln=ru">Lombardi, S.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Longo%2C%20F.&ln=ru">Longo, F.</a> (Udine U. ; INFN, Trieste ; Trieste U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=L%27opez-Coto%2C%20R.&ln=ru">L'opez-Coto, R.</a> (IAA, Granada) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=L%27opez-Moya%2C%20M.&ln=ru">L'opez-Moya, M.</a> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=L%27opez-Oramas%2C%20A.&ln=ru">L'opez-Oramas, A.</a> (Laguna U., Tenerife) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Loporchio%2C%20S.&ln=ru">Loporchio, S.</a> (Bari Polytechnic ; INFN, Bari) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Lorini%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Lorini, A.</a> (INFN, Pisa ; Siena U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Lyard%2C%20E.&ln=ru">Lyard, E.</a> (Geneva U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Fraga%2C%20B.%20Machado%20de%20Oliveira&ln=ru">Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira</a> (Rio de Janeiro, CBPF) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Majumdar%2C%20P.&ln=ru">Majumdar, P.</a> (Saha Inst.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Makariev%2C%20M.&ln=ru">Makariev, M.</a> (Sofiya, Inst. Nucl. Res.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Maneva%2C%20G.&ln=ru">Maneva, G.</a> (Sofiya, Inst. Nucl. Res.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mang%2C%20N.&ln=ru">Mang, N.</a> (Tech. U., Dortmund (main)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Manganaro%2C%20M.&ln=ru">Manganaro, M.</a> (Rijeka U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mangano%2C%20S.&ln=ru">Mangano, S.</a> (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mannheim%2C%20K.&ln=ru">Mannheim, K.</a> (Wurzburg U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mariotti%2C%20M.&ln=ru">Mariotti, M.</a> (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mart%27inez%2C%20M.&ln=ru">Mart'inez, M.</a> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mart%27inez-Chicharro%2C%20M.&ln=ru">Mart'inez-Chicharro, M.</a> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mas-Aguilar%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Mas-Aguilar, A.</a> (HIAST ; Madrid U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mazin%2C%20D.&ln=ru">Mazin, D.</a> (Tokyo U., ICRR ; Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Menchiari%2C%20S.&ln=ru">Menchiari, S.</a> (INFN, Pisa ; Siena U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mender%2C%20S.&ln=ru">Mender, S.</a> (Tech. U., Dortmund (main)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Miceli%2C%20D.&ln=ru">Miceli, D.</a> (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Miener%2C%20T.&ln=ru">Miener, T.</a> (HIAST ; Madrid U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Miranda%2C%20J.M.&ln=ru">Miranda, J.M.</a> (INFN, Pisa ; Siena U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mirzoyan%2C%20R.&ln=ru">Mirzoyan, R.</a> (Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Gonz%27alez%2C%20M.%20Molero&ln=ru">Gonz'alez, M. Molero</a> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Molina%2C%20E.&ln=ru">Molina, E.</a> (Laguna U., Tenerife) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mondal%2C%20H.A.&ln=ru">Mondal, H.A.</a> (Saha Inst.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Moralejo%2C%20A.&ln=ru">Moralejo, A.</a> (Barcelona, IFAE) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Morcuende%2C%20D.&ln=ru">Morcuende, D.</a> (IAA, Granada) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Nakamori%2C%20T.&ln=ru">Nakamori, T.</a> (Yamagata U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Nanci%2C%20C.&ln=ru">Nanci, C.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Nava%2C%20L.&ln=ru">Nava, L.</a> (INAF, Rome) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Neustroev%2C%20V.&ln=ru">Neustroev, V.</a> (Oulu U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Nickel%2C%20L.&ln=ru">Nickel, L.</a> (Tech. 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Astrophys.</i> 693 (2025) A255</a> </a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> DOI </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449748" title="DOI" target="_blank">10.1051/0004-6361/202449748</a> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Subject category </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">astro-ph.HE ; Astrophysics and Astronomy</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Abstract </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Context. The supernova remnant (SNR) W44 and its surroundings are a prime target for studying the acceleration of cosmic rays (CRs). Several previous studies established an extended gamma-ray emission that is set apart from the radio shell of W44. This emission is thought to originate from escaped high-energy CRs that interact with a surrounding dense molecular cloud complex. Aims. We present a detailed analysis of Fermi-LAT data with an emphasis on the spatial and spectral properties of W44 and its surroundings. We also report the results of the observations performed with the MAGIC telescopes of the northwestern region of W44. Finally, we present an interpretation model to explain the gamma-ray emission of the SNR and its surroundings. Methods. We first performed a detailed spatial analysis of 12 years of Fermi-LAT data at energies above 1 GeV, in order to exploit the better angular resolution, while we set a threshold of 100MeV for the spectral analysis. We performed a likelihood analysis of 174 hours of MAGIC data above 130 GeV using the spatial information obtained with Fermi-LAT. Results. The combined spectra of Fermi-LAT and MAGIC, extending from 100MeV to several TeV, were used to derive constraints on the escape of CRs. Using a time-dependent model to describe the particle acceleration and escape from the SNR, we show that the maximum energy of the accelerated particles has to be ' 40 GeV. However, our gamma-ray data suggest that a small number of lower-energy particles also needs to escape. We propose a novel model, the broken-shock scenario, to account for this effect and explain the gamma-ray emission.</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Copyright/License </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">preprint: (License: <a href="http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/">arXiv nonexclusive-distrib 1.0</a>)<br/><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">CC-BY-4.0</a></td></tr> </table> <br /><div style="max-width:1024px;margin:auto"><div style="overflow-x:auto;display:inline;width:100%;"><a href="/record/2924847/plots#0"><img style="vertical-align:middle;" src="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/template_w44_catalog.png" title=" Templates for the spatial modeling of SNR \w 44. a)-b) Elliptical ring (whole and divided) from \cite{w44_fermi_abdo_2010}. c)-d) Best full-ellipse (whole and divided). e) Radio template (1420MHz) from the THOR survey \citep{thor_survey_beuther_2016}." width="200px"/></a> <a href="/record/2924847/plots#1"><img style="vertical-align:middle;" src="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/ellipse_ring_divided_115deg.png" title=" Templates for the spatial modeling of SNR \w 44. a)-b) Elliptical ring (whole and divided) from \cite{w44_fermi_abdo_2010}. c)-d) Best full-ellipse (whole and divided). e) Radio template (1420MHz) from the THOR survey \citep{thor_survey_beuther_2016}." width="200px"/></a> <a href="/record/2924847/plots#2"><img style="vertical-align:middle;" src="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847/files/fullellipse_115deg_041_023.png" title=" Templates for the spatial modeling of SNR \w 44. a)-b) Elliptical ring (whole and divided) from \cite{w44_fermi_abdo_2010}. c)-d) Best full-ellipse (whole and divided). e) Radio template (1420MHz) from the THOR survey \citep{thor_survey_beuther_2016}." width="200px"/></a> <a href='/record/2924847/plots'>Show more plots</a></div></div><br /> <br/>Corresponding record in: <a href="http://inspirehep.net/record/2865954">Inspire</a> <small> </small> <br/> <br/><br/><div align="right"><div style="padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:30px;"><span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"> <a href="" class="moreinfo">Back to search</a> </span></div></div> <div class="bottom-left-folded"><div class="recordlastmodifiedbox" style="position:relative;margin-left:1px"> Запись создана 2025-02-20, последняя модификация 2025-02-21</div></div> <div class="bottom-right-folded" style="text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px;"> <span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"><a href="/search?ln=ru&p=recid%3A2924847&rm=wrd" class="moreinfo">Подобные записи</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <br/> <br /> <div class="detailedrecordminipanel"> <div class="top-left"></div><div class="top-right"></div> <div class="inside"> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelfile" style="width:33%;float:left;text-align:center;margin-top:0"> <div><small class="detailedRecordActions">Полный текст:</small> <br /><em>2501.03889</em> - <a href="/record/2924847/files/2501.03889.pdf"><img style="border:none" src="/img/file-icon-text-12x16.gif" alt="Загрузка полного текста"/>PDF</a><br /><em>document</em> - <a href="/record/2924847/files/document.pdf"><img style="border:none" src="/img/file-icon-text-12x16.gif" alt="Загрузка полного текста"/>PDF</a><br /></div> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelreview" style="width:30%;float:left;text-align:center"> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelactions" style="width:36%;float:right;text-align:right;"> <ul class="detailedrecordactions"> <li><a href="/yourbaskets/add?ln=ru&recid=2924847">Добавить в личную книжную полку</a></li> <li>Экспортировать как <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2924847/export/hx?ln=ru">BibTeX</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2924847/export/hm?ln=ru">MARC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2924847/export/xm?ln=ru">MARCXML</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2924847/export/xd?ln=ru">DC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2924847/export/xe?ln=ru">EndNote</a>,  <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2924847/export/xn?ln=ru">NLM</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2924847/export/xw?ln=ru">RefWorks</a> </li> </ul> <div style='padding-left: 13px;'>  <div id="bookmark"></div> <div id="bookmark_sciencewise"></div> <style type="text/css"> #bookmark_sciencewise, #bookmark {float: left;} #bookmark_sciencewise li {padding: 2px; width: 25px;} #bookmark_sciencewise ul, #bookmark ul {list-style-image: none;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.bookmark.min.js"></script> <style type="text/css">@import "/css/jquery.bookmark.css";</style> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ $.bookmark.addSite('sciencewise', 'ScienceWise.info', 'https://cds.cern.ch/img/sciencewise.png', 'en', 'bookmark', 'http://sciencewise.info/bookmarks/2501.0388/add'); $('#bookmark_sciencewise').bookmark({sites: ['sciencewise']}); $('#bookmark').bookmark({ sites: ['facebook', 'twitter', 'linkedin', 'google_plusone'], icons: '/img/bookmarks.png', url: 'https://cds.cern.ch/record/2924847', addEmail: true, title: "Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from supernova remnant W44 as probed by Fermi-LAT and MAGIC", description: "Context. The supernova remnant (SNR) W44 and its surroundings are a prime target for studying the acceleration of cosmic rays (CRs). Several previous studies established an extended gamma-ray emission that is set apart from the radio shell of W44. This emission is thought to originate from escaped high-energy CRs that interact with a surrounding dense molecular cloud complex.Aims. We present a detailed analysis of Fermi-LAT data with an emphasis on the spatial and spectral properties of W44 and its surroundings. We also report the results of the observations performed with the MAGIC telescopes of the northwestern region of W44. Finally, we present an interpretation model to explain the gamma-ray emission of the SNR and its surroundings.Methods. We first performed a detailed spatial analysis of 12 years of Fermi-LAT data at energies above 1 GeV, in order to exploit the better angular resolution, while we set a threshold of 100 MeV for the spectral analysis. We performed a likelihood analysis of 174 hours of MAGIC data above 130 GeV using the spatial information obtained with Fermi-LAT.Results. The combined spectra of Fermi-LAT and MAGIC, extending from 100 MeV to several TeV, were used to derive constraints on the escape of CRs. Using a time-dependent model to describe the particle acceleration and escape from the SNR, we show that the maximum energy of the accelerated particles has to be \u224340 GeV. However, our gamma-ray data suggest that a small number of lower-energy particles also needs to escape. We propose a novel model, the broken-shock scenario, to account for this effect and explain the gamma-ray emission.Key words: acceleration of particles / diffusion / cosmic rays / ISM: supernova remnants / gamma rays: general" }); // ]]> </script>  </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;margin-bottom: 0;"></div> </div> <div class="bottom-left"></div><div class="bottom-right"></div> </div> </div></div> <footer id="footer" class="pagefooter clearfix">  <div class="pagefooterstripeleft"> CERN Document Server :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=ru">Искать</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=ru">Внести</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=ru">Персонализовать</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=ru">Помощь</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=privacy_policy&se=CDS-Service" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/content-policy" target="_blank">Content Policy</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/terms" target="_blank">Terms and Conditions</a> <br /> Развиваемое <a class="footer" href="http://invenio-software.org/">Invenio</a> <br /> Поддерживает <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Service</a> - Need help? 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