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Namibia - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Periode_Pra-Kolonial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periode_Pra-Kolonial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Periode Pra-Kolonial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periode_Pra-Kolonial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Di_bawah_kekuasaan_Jerman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Di_bawah_kekuasaan_Jerman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Di bawah kekuasaan Jerman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Di_bawah_kekuasaan_Jerman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Di_bawah_kekuasaan_Afrika_Selatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Di_bawah_kekuasaan_Afrika_Selatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Di bawah kekuasaan Afrika Selatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Di_bawah_kekuasaan_Afrika_Selatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isu_tanah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isu_tanah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Isu tanah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isu_tanah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejak_kemerdekaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejak_kemerdekaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Sejak kemerdekaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejak_kemerdekaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Geografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iklim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iklim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Iklim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iklim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Politik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hubungan_luar_negeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hubungan_luar_negeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hubungan luar negeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hubungan_luar_negeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Militer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembagian_administratif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembagian_administratif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Pembagian administratif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembagian_administratif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Demografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kelompok_etnis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelompok_etnis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Kelompok etnis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelompok_etnis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Agama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Bahasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Budaya</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Budaya</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Olahraga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olahraga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Olahraga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olahraga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_tambahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_tambahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bacaan tambahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_tambahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Namibia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 255 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-255" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">255 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Намибиа – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Намибиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Намибие – Adygei" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Намибие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Namibië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%93%E1%88%9A%E1%89%A2%E1%8B%AB" title="ናሚቢያ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ናሚቢያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नामीबिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नामीबिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ناميبيا – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ناميبيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ناميبيا – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ناميبيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ناميبيا – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ناميبيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="নামিবিয়া – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নামিবিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibiya" title="Namibiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Namibiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نامیبیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نامیبیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Намибия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namib%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Namibėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Namibėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibya" title="Namibya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Namibya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Намібія – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Намібія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Намібія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Намібія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibi" title="Namibi – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Namibi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Намибия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नामीबिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नामीबिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="নামিবিয়া – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নামিবিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ན་མི་བྷི་ཡ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ན་མི་བྷི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="নামিবিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="নামিবিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibija" title="Namibija – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Namibija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Намиби – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Намиби" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%C3%ADbia" title="Namíbia – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Namíbia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Намиби – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Намиби" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibya" title="Namibya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Namibya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نامیبیا – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نامیبیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibiya" title="Namibiya – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Namibiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibie" title="Namibie – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Namibie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Намиби – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Намиби" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibya" title="Namibya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Namibya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibija" title="Namibija – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Namibija" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नामिबिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="नामिबिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ναμίμπια – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναμίμπια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibio" title="Namibio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Namibio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namiibia" title="Namiibia – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Namiibia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نامیبیا – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نامیبیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibiya" title="Namibiya – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Namibiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namiibia" title="Namiibia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Namiibia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibie" title="Namibie – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Namibie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namiibia" title="Namiibia – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Namiibia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namybje" title="Namybje – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Namybje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Namaib" title="An Namaib – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Namaib" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibiya" title="Namibiya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Namibiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibi" title="Namibi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Namibi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naimibia" title="Naimibia – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Naimibia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%C3%ADvia" title="Namívia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Namívia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="નામિબિયા – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નામિબિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Nameeb" title="Yn Nameeb – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Nameeb" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibiya" title="Namibiya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Namibiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="נמיביה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נמיביה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नामीबिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नामीबिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibija" title="Namibija – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Namibija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibija" title="Namibija – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Namibija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibi" title="Namibi – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Namibi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%C3%ADbia" title="Namíbia – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Namíbia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Նամիբիա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նամիբիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Նամիպիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նամիպիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namib%C3%ADa" title="Namibía – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Namibía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9F%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2" title="ナミビア – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナミビア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/namibias" title="namibias – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="namibias" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ნამიბია – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნამიბია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibiya" title="Namibiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Namibiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibya" title="Namibya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Namibya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Намибие – Kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Намибие" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibi" title="Namibi – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Namibi" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibya" title="Namibya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Namibya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Намибия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ನಮೀಬಿಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಮೀಬಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%AF%B8%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="나미비아 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나미비아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия – Karachai Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Намибия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachai Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%C3%AEbya" title="Namîbya – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Namîbya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibi" title="Namibi – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Namibi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Намибия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibien" title="Namibien – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Namibien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Намибия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Namibië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibija" title="Namibija – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Namibija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibeja" title="Namibeja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Namibeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%C4%ABbija" title="Namībija – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Namībija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Намибия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%C4%ABpia" title="Namīpia – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Namīpia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Намибија – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Намибија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="നമീബിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നമീബിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Намиби – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Намиби" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯅꯦꯃꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅꯦꯃꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नामिबिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नामिबिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibja" title="Namibja – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Namibja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="နမီးဘီးယားနိုင်ငံ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နမီးဘီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نامیبیا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نامیبیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibie" title="Namibie – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Namibie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नामिबिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नामिबिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नामिबिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नामिबिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Namibië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A3%DF%8A%DF%A1%DF%93%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߣߊߡߓߌ߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߣߊߡߓߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Ndebele Selatan" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="Ndebele Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9%C3%AD_Dah_Daask%CA%BCidtah_Naakaii_%C5%81izhin%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Séí Dah Daaskʼidtah Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Séí Dah Daaskʼidtah Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibii" title="Namibii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Namibii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namiibiyaa" title="Namiibiyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Namiibiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ନାମିବିଆ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନାମିବିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Намиби – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Намиби" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਨਾਮੀਬੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਮੀਬੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibie" title="Namibie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Namibie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibien" title="Namibien – Jerman Pennsylvania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Namibien" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Pennsylvania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नमीबिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="नमीबिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نمیبیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نمیبیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ناميبيا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ناميبيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%C3%ADbia" title="Namíbia – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Namíbia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namipya" title="Namipya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Namipya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Намибия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibiya" title="Namibiya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Namibiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नमीबिया – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नमीबिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Намибия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱱᱟᱢᱤᱵᱤᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱟᱢᱤᱵᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%C3%ACbia" title="Namìbia – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Namìbia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibbia" title="Namibbia – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Namibbia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibie" title="Namibie – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Namibie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="نميبيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نميبيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namib%C3%B9ii" title="Namibùii – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Namibùii" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibija" title="Namibija – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Namibija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibya" title="Namibya – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Namibya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းၼႃႇမီးပီးယႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၼႃႇမီးပီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="නැමීබියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නැමීබියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%C3%ADbia" title="Namíbia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Namíbia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibija" title="Namibija – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Namibija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namipia" title="Namipia – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Namipia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibhiya" title="Namibhiya – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Namibhiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibiya" title="Namibiya – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Namibiya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Намибија – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Намибија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/INamibiya" title="INamibiya – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="INamibiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibijo" title="Namibijo – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Namibijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="நமீபியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நமீபியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="నమీబియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నమీబియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Намибия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศนามิเบีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศนามิเบีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%93%E1%88%9A%E1%89%A2%E1%8B%AB" title="ናሚቢያ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ናሚቢያ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibi%C3%BDa" title="Namibiýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Namibiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibij%C9%99" title="Namibijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Namibijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namipia" title="Namipia – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Namipia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibya" title="Namibya – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Namibya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Намибия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Намибия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="نامىبىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نامىبىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Намібія – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Намібія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نمیبیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نمیبیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibiya" title="Namibiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Namibiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%C3%ACbia" title="Namìbia – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Namìbia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibii" title="Namibii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Namibii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibiy%C3%A4n" title="Namibiyän – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Namibiyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibi" title="Namibi – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Namibi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" title="納米比亞 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="納米比亞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/INamibia" title="INamibia – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="INamibia" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ნამიბია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნამიბია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2" title="נאמיביע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נאמיביע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Namibië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵏⴰⵎⵉⴱⵢⴰ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵏⴰⵎⵉⴱⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="纳米比亚 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="纳米比亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" title="納米比亞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="納米比亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Namibia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" title="納米比亞 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="納米比亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INamibhiya" title="INamibhiya – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INamibhiya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1030#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Namibia" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Namibia"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Namibia"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Namibia" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Namibia" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&oldid=25421382" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Namibia&id=25421382&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNamibia"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNamibia"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Namibia"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Namibia&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Namibia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1030" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24155656">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-b{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Republik Namibia</div><br /><div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:85%;"><div style="margin: 0 4em">Nama dalam bahasa nasional</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox-subbox" style="font-size:78%;font-weight:normal;"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Afrikaans" title="Bahasa Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="af">Republiek van Namibië</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman">Jerman</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="de">Republik Namibia</span> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Khoekhoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Khoekhoe">Khoekhoegowab</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="naq">Republiki Namibiab dib</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Ovambo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Ovambo (halaman belum tersedia)">Oshiwambo</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="kj">Orepublika yaNamibia</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Herero" title="Bahasa Herero">Otjiherero</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="hz">Orepublika yaNamibia</span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Kwangali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Kwangali (halaman belum tersedia)">RuKwangali</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="kwn">Republika zaNamibia</span><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tswana" title="Bahasa Tswana">Setswana</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="tn">Rephaboliki ya Namibia</span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Lozi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Lozi (halaman belum tersedia)">siLozi</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="loz"> Namibia ye Lukuluhile</span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> </li></ul> </div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Namibia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera Namibia"><img alt="Bendera Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/188px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/250px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Bendera_Namibia" title="Bendera Namibia">Bendera</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Coat_of_arms_of_Namibia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lambang Namibia"><img alt="{{{coat_alt}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_arms_of_Namibia.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_arms_of_Namibia.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_arms_of_Namibia.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;">Lambang</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Semboyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Semboyan">Semboyan</a>: </b>Unity, Liberty, Justice <br />("Persatuan, Kebebasan, Keadilan")</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan" title="Lagu kebangsaan">Lagu kebangsaan</a>: </b><br /><a href="/wiki/Namibia,_Land_of_the_Brave" title="Namibia, Land of the Brave">Namibia, Land of the Brave</a><div style="padding-top:0.5em;"><center> </center></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Namibia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lokasi Namibia"><img alt="Lokasi Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Namibia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Namibia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Namibia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Namibia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Namibia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Namibia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Namibia_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_NAM_-_UNOCHA.svg&lang=id" class="mw-file-description" title="Lokasi Namibia"><img alt="Lokasi Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Namibia_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_NAM_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-250px-Namibia_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_NAM_-_UNOCHA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Namibia_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_NAM_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-375px-Namibia_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_NAM_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Namibia_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_NAM_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-500px-Namibia_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_NAM_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">Ibu kota</a><br /><div style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kota_di_Namibia" title="Daftar kota di Namibia">(dan kota terbesar)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namibia&language=id&params=22_34.2_S_17_5.167_E_display:inline_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">22°34.2′S</span> <span class="longitude">17°5.167′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">22.5700°S 17.086117°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-22.5700; 17.086117</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_resmi" title="Bahasa resmi">Bahasa resmi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">Inggris</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Bahasa nasional yang diakui </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Afrikaans" title="Bahasa Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman">Jerman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Khoekhoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Khoekhoe">Khoekhoegowab</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Ovambo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Ovambo (halaman belum tersedia)">Oshiwambo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Herero" title="Bahasa Herero">Otjiherero</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Kwangali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Kwangali (halaman belum tersedia)">RuKwangali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tswana" title="Bahasa Tswana">Setswana</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Lozi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Lozi (halaman belum tersedia)">siLozi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal;">Bahasa daerah<br />yang diakui </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_%C7%83Kung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa ǃKung (halaman belum tersedia)">ǃKung</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Gciriku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Gciriku (halaman belum tersedia)">Gciriku</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Mbukushu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Mbukushu (halaman belum tersedia)">Thimbukushu</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kelompok_etnik" title="Kelompok etnik">Kelompok etnik</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"> (2014)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>49% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Ovambo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Ovambo (halaman belum tersedia)">Ovambo</a></li><li>9,2% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Kavango&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Kavango (halaman belum tersedia)">Kavango</a></li><li>8,0% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Coloured_di_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Coloured di Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Coloured</a> (termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baster (halaman belum tersedia)">Baster</a>)</li><li>8,0% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulit_putih_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kulit putih Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kulit putih</a></li><li>7,0% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Herero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Herero (halaman belum tersedia)">Herero</a></li><li>7,0% <a href="/wiki/Orang_Damara" title="Orang Damara">Damara</a></li><li>4,7% <a href="/wiki/Orang_Nama" title="Orang Nama">Nama</a></li><li>3,5% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Lozi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Lozi (halaman belum tersedia)">Lozi</a></li><li>3,0% <a href="/wiki/Orang_San" title="Orang San">San</a></li><li>0,6% <a href="/wiki/Orang_Tswana" title="Orang Tswana">Tswana</a></li><li>0,5% lainnya</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">Agama</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"> (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14051308">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>87,9% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekristenan_di_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekristenan di Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kekristenan</a> <ul><li>43,7% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Lutheran_Evangelis_di_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Lutheran Evangelis di Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Lutheranisme</a></li> <li>22,8% <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_di_Namibia" title="Gereja Katolik di Namibia">Katolik</a></li> <li>17,0% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keuskupan_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keuskupan Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Anglikanisme</a></li> <li>4,4% <a href="/wiki/Daftar_denominasi_Kristen" title="Daftar denominasi Kristen">Kristen</a> lainnya</li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li>10,2% <a href="/wiki/Agama_Tradisional_Afrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Tradisional Afrika">kepercayaan tradisional</a></li><li>1,6% <a href="/wiki/Tidak_beragama" title="Tidak beragama">tidak beragama</a></li><li>0,3% lainnya</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonim" title="Demonim">Demonim</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Demografi_Namibia" title="Demografi Namibia">Namibian</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pemerintahan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">Republik</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_presidensial" title="Sistem presidensial">presidensial</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Namibia" title="Presiden Namibia">Presiden</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hage_Geingob" title="Hage Geingob">Hage Geingob</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Wakil_Presiden_Namibia" title="Wakil Presiden Namibia">Wakil Presiden</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nangolo_Mbumba" title="Nangolo Mbumba">Nangolo Mbumba</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Namibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perdana Menteri Namibia">Perdana Menteri</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saara_Kuugongelwa" title="Saara Kuugongelwa">Saara Kuugongelwa</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislatif" title="Legislatif">Legislatif</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlemen_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parlemen Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Parlemen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Tinggi" class="mw-redirect" title="Majelis Tinggi">Majelis Tinggi</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Nasional_(Namibia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Nasional (Namibia) (halaman belum tersedia)">National Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Rendah" class="mw-redirect" title="Majelis Rendah">Majelis Rendah</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majelis_Nasional_(Namibia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majelis Nasional (Namibia) (halaman belum tersedia)">National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kemerdekaan" title="Kemerdekaan">Kemerdekaan</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Dari <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">21 Maret 1990</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Geografi_Namibia" title="Geografi Namibia">Luas </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">824.292 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_luas_wilayah" title="Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah">34</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Perairan" title="Perairan">Perairan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persentase" title="Persentase">%</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">dapat dihiraukan</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Demografi_Namibia" title="Demografi Namibia">Penduduk</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Perkiraan 2020</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2.806.226 (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_jumlah_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut jumlah penduduk">140</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Sensus Penduduk 2011</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2.113.077<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Kepadatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepadatan">Kepadatan</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,2/km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_kepadatan_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk">235</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Keseimbangan_kemampuan_berbelanja" title="Keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja">KKB</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2022</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$26,644 miliar<sup id="cite_ref-imfna_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imfna-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$10.448<sup id="cite_ref-imfna_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imfna-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2022</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$12,791 miliar<sup id="cite_ref-imfna_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imfna-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$5.016<sup id="cite_ref-imfna_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imfna-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Koefisien_Gini" title="Koefisien Gini">Gini</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2015)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">59,1<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:darkred">tinggi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">IPM</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Penurunan"><img alt="Penurunan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0,615<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:orange">sedang</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Daftar negara menurut Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">139</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mata_uang" title="Mata uang">Mata uang</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dolar_Namibia" title="Dolar Namibia">Dolar Namibia</a> (N$) <br />(<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">NAD</a></code>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zona_waktu" title="Zona waktu">Zona waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Afrika_Barat" title="Waktu Afrika Barat">Waktu Afrika Barat</a> (WAT)<br />(<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Terkoordinasi" title="Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi">UTC</a>+1</span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Musim panas (<a href="/wiki/Waktu_Musim_Panas" title="Waktu Musim Panas">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Terkoordinasi" title="Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi">UTC</a>+2</span> (<a href="/wiki/Waktu_Musim_Panas_Afrika_Barat" class="mw-redirect" title="Waktu Musim Panas Afrika Barat">Waktu Musim Panas Afrika Barat</a> (WAST))</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arah_lalu_lintas" title="Arah lalu lintas">Lajur kemudi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">kiri</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kode_telepon_negara_di_dunia" title="Daftar kode telepon negara di dunia">Kode telepon</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%2B264&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="+264 (halaman belum tersedia)">+264</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">Kode ISO 3166</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:NA" title="ISO 3166-2:NA">NA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ranah_Internet_tingkat_teratas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranah Internet tingkat teratas">Ranah Internet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.na" title=".na">.na</a></td></tr><tr style="font-size:90%;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align:left;margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Namibia_infobox" title="Templat:Namibia infobox"><span title="Lihat templat ini">lihat</span></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Namibia_infobox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Namibia infobox (halaman belum tersedia)"><span title="Diskusikan templat ini">bicara</span></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Namibia_infobox&action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini">sunting</span></a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below mergedtoprow noprint"><div class="none" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%; line-height:normal;text-align:left;height:20px;padding-top:0.2em;;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sunting kotak info" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Infobox_country&action=edit&section=top&editintro=Templat:Infobox/editintro2"><span style="color:#3464c9"><b>Sunting kotak info</b></span></a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country" title="Templat:Infobox country"><span style="display:inline-text;color:#3464c9">Lihat</span></a> • <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Infobox_country" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Infobox country"><span style="color:#3464c9">Bicara</span></a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country/doc" title="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini"><img alt="Info templat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Bantuan penggunaan templat ini</figcaption></figure> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Namibia</b>, dengan nama resmi <b>Republik Namibia</b>, adalah sebuah negara di <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> bagian barat daya tepatnya di pesisir <a href="/wiki/Samudra_Atlantik" title="Samudra Atlantik">Atlantik</a>. Negara ini berbatasan dengan <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> di sebelah utara, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> di timur dan <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a> di selatan. Namibia merdeka dari Afrika Selatan pada 1990 sehingga menjadi salah satu negara termuda di dunia. Ibu kotanya ialah <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a>. </p><p>Pada akhir abad ke-19 selama penjajahan Eropa, <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Jerman" title="Kekaisaran Jerman">Kekaisaran Jerman</a> mendirikan kekuasaan atas sebagian besar wilayah sebagai protektorat pada 1884. Lalu mulai mengembangkan infrastruktur dan pertanian, dan dipelihara koloni Jerman ini sampai tahun 1915, ketika pasukan Afrika Selatan mengalahkan militernya. Setelah akhir <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang Dunia I</a>, pada 1920 <a href="/wiki/Liga_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Liga Bangsa-Bangsa">Liga Bangsa-Bangsa</a> mengamanatkan negaranya untuk Inggris, di bawah administrasi Afrika Selatan. Ini diberlakukan hukum-hukumnya, termasuk klasifikasi rasial dan aturan. Dari tahun 1948, <a href="/wiki/Partai_Nasional_(Afrika_Selatan)" title="Partai Nasional (Afrika Selatan)">Partai Nasional</a> terpilih untuk berkuasa, Afrika Selatan diterapkan apartheid kepada yang dulu dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Barat_Daya" title="Afrika Barat Daya">Afrika Barat Daya</a>. Pada 1878 <a href="/wiki/Koloni_Tanjung" title="Koloni Tanjung">Koloni Tanjung Harapan</a> telah mencaplok pelabuhan <a href="/wiki/Walvis_Bay" title="Walvis Bay">Walvis Bay</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Penguin" title="Kepulauan Penguin">Kepulauan Penguin</a>; ini menjadi bagian integral dari <a href="/wiki/Uni_Afrika_Selatan" title="Uni Afrika Selatan">Uni Afrika Selatan</a> baru dalam pembentukannya pada 1910. </p><p>Pada abad ke-20, pemberontakan dan tuntutan perwakilan politik oleh aktivis politik asli Afrika yang menginginkan kemerdekaan mengakibatkan PBB mengasumsi tanggung jawab langsung atas wilayah tersebut pada tahun 1966, tetapi Afrika Selatan mempertahankan dengan aturan <i>de facto</i>. Pada tahun 1973 PBB mengakui Organisasi Rakyat Afrika Barat daya (<a href="/wiki/SWAPO" title="SWAPO">SWAPO</a>) sebagai perwakilan resmi rakyat Namibia; partai didominasi oleh suku Ovambo, yang merupakan mayoritas besar di wilayah itu. Setelah perang gerilya berterus-terusan, Afrika Selatan memasang pemerintahan sementara di Namibia pada tahun 1985. Namibia memperoleh kemerdekaan penuh dari Afrika Selatan pada tahun 1990. Tapi Walvis Bay dan Kepulauan Penguin tetap berada di bawah kendali Afrika Selatan sampai tahun 1994. </p><p>Namibia terbagi menjadi 13 wilayah: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caprivi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caprivi (halaman belum tersedia)">Caprivi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erongo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erongo (halaman belum tersedia)">Erongo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hardap (halaman belum tersedia)">Hardap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karas" class="mw-disambig" title="Karas">Karas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_Kavango&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah Kavango (halaman belum tersedia)">Kavango</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khomas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khomas (halaman belum tersedia)">Khomas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunene (halaman belum tersedia)">Kunene</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohangwena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ohangwena (halaman belum tersedia)">Ohangwena</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omaheke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omaheke (halaman belum tersedia)">Omaheke</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omusati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omusati (halaman belum tersedia)">Omusati</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oshana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oshana (halaman belum tersedia)">Oshana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oshikoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oshikoto (halaman belum tersedia)">Oshikoto</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otjozondjupa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otjozondjupa (halaman belum tersedia)">Otjozondjupa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gurun_Namib" title="Gurun Namib">Gurun Namib</a> yang besar dan kering membuat Namibia menjadi salah satu negara paling tidak padat penduduknya di dunia. Namibia mempunyai stabilitas politik, ekonomi dan sosial yang tinggi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebelum kemerdekaannya pada tahun 1990, daerah tersebut dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Barat_Daya_Jerman" title="Afrika Barat Daya Jerman">Afrika Barat Daya Jerman</a> (Deutsch-Südwestafrika), kemudian sebagai Afrika Barat Daya, yang mencerminkan pendudukan kolonial oleh Jerman dan Afrika Selatan (secara teknis atas nama mahkota Inggris mencerminkan status kekuasaan Afrika Selatan dalam <a href="/wiki/Imperium_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Britania">Imperium Britania</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Periode_Pra-Kolonial">Periode Pra-Kolonial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Periode Pra-Kolonial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Periode Pra-Kolonial"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dari sekitar abad ke-14, para imigran <a href="/wiki/Suku_Bantu" class="mw-redirect" title="Suku Bantu">Suku Bantu</a> tiba selama ekspansi Suku Bantu dari Afrika Tengah. Dari akhir abad ke-18 dan seterusnya, orang Oorlam dari Cape Colony menyeberangi <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Orange">Sungai Orange</a> dan pindah ke daerah yang saat ini adalah selatan Namibia.<sup id="cite_ref-KDA_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KDA-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pertemuan mereka dengan suku-suku pengembara Nama sebagian besar damai. Para misionaris yang menyertai Oorlam diterima dengan baik oleh mereka,<sup id="cite_ref-Dierks_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dierks-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hak untuk menggunakan lubang air dan penggembalaan diberikan dalam syarat pembayaran tahunan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVedder1997177_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVedder1997177-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akan tetapi, dalam perjalanan mereka lebih jauh ke utara, suku Oorlam bertemu dengan klan dari suku Herero di Windhoek, Gobabis, dan <a href="/wiki/Okahandja" title="Okahandja">Okahandja</a>, yang menolak perambahan mereka. Perang antara Nama dan Herero pecah pada tahun 1880, dengan permusuhan surut hanya setelah Kekaisaran Jerman mengerahkan pasukan ke tempat-tempat yang diperebutkan dan mendapatkan <i>status quo</i> antara Nama, Oorlam, dan Herero.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVedder1997659_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVedder1997659-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Orang-orang Eropa pertama yang turun dan menjelajahi daerahnya adalah navigator Portugis Diogo Cao pada tahun 1485 dan <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeu_Dias" title="Bartolomeu Dias">Bartolomeu Dias</a> pada tahun 1486, tetapi bangsa Portugis tidak mencoba untuk mengklaim daerahnya. Seperti kebanyakan interior <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Sub-Sahara" title="Afrika Sub-Sahara">Sub-Sahara Afrika</a>, Namibia tidak luas dijelajah oleh orang Eropa sampai abad ke-19. Pada saat itu pedagang dan pemukim datang terutama dari Jerman dan Swedia. Pada akhir abad ke-19, pendaki Dorsland Trekk melintasi daerah dalam perjalanan mereka dari Republik Afrika Selatan ke Angola. Beberapa dari mereka menetap di Namibia daripada melanjutkan perjalanan mereka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Di_bawah_kekuasaan_Jerman">Di bawah kekuasaan Jerman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Di bawah kekuasaan Jerman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Di bawah kekuasaan Jerman"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kirche_denkmal_nam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kirche_denkmal_nam.jpg/220px-Kirche_denkmal_nam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kirche_denkmal_nam.jpg/330px-Kirche_denkmal_nam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kirche_denkmal_nam.jpg/440px-Kirche_denkmal_nam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Gereja Jerman dan monumen penjajah di Windhoek.</figcaption></figure> <p>Namibia menjadi koloni Jerman pada tahun 1884 di bawah <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> untuk mencegah perambahan Inggris dan dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Barat_Daya_Jerman" title="Afrika Barat Daya Jerman">Afrika Barat Daya Jerman</a> (<i>Deutsch-Südwestafrika</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, misi Palgrave oleh Gubernur Inggris di Cape Town telah menetapkan bahwa hanya pelabuhan Walvis Bay yang layak diduduki - dan ini dianeksasi ke provinsi Cape dari Afrika Selatan Britania. </p><p>Dari 1904-1907, suku Herero dan Namaqua mengangkat senjata untuk melawan Jerman. Dalam tindakan hukuman dihitung oleh penjajah Jerman, yang telah disebut 'genosida pertama dari abad ke-20' itu dilakukan, pemerintah meminta kepunahan penduduk asli.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam genosida suku Herero dan Namaqua, Jerman secara sistematis membunuh 10.000 Suku Nama (setengah dari total penduduk) dan sekitar 65.000 suku Herero (sekitar 80% dari populasi).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para penduduk yang selamat, ketika akhirnya dibebaskan dari tahanan, menjadi sasaran kebijakan perampasan, deportasi, kerja paksa, segregasi rasial, dan diskriminasi dalam sistem yang dalam banyak hal mengantisipasi <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> yang didirikan oleh Afrika Selatan pada tahun 1948. </p><p>Kebanyakan orang Afrika yang terbatas yang disebut wilayah asli, yang kemudian di bawah pemerintahan Afrika Selatan pasca-1949 yang berubah menjadi "tanah air" (Bantustan). Beberapa sejarawan telah berspekulasi bahwa genosida Jerman di Namibia adalah model yang digunakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Nazisme" title="Nazisme">Nazi</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Holokaus" title="Holokaus">Holokaus</a>. Ingatan tentang peristiwa tersebut tetap relevan dengan identitas etnis di Namibia yang telah merdeka dan hubungannya dengan Jerman.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemerintah Jerman secara resmi meminta maaf atas genosida Namibia pada tahun 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Di_bawah_kekuasaan_Afrika_Selatan">Di bawah kekuasaan Afrika Selatan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Di bawah kekuasaan Afrika Selatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Di bawah kekuasaan Afrika Selatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Afrika Selatan menduduki koloni pada tahun 1915 setelah mengalahkan pasukan Jerman selama Perang Dunia I. Mereka mengelolanya dari tahun 1919 dan seterusnya sebagai wilayah mandat <a href="/wiki/Liga_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Liga Bangsa-Bangsa">Liga Bangsa-Bangsa</a> (secara nominal di bawah <i>British Crown</i>). Meskipun pemerintah Afrika Selatan ingin mencaplok 'Afrika Barat Daya' ke wilayah resminya, mereka tidak pernah melakukannya. Akan tetapi, mereka memasukkan wilayah itu ke dalam 'provinsi ke-lima' secara <i>de facto</i>. Minoritas kulit putih Afrika Barat Daya memilih perwakilan-perwakilan untuk Parlemen Afrika Selatan yang hanya berisi anggota kulit putih saja. Mereka juga memilih administrasi lokal mereka sendiri, Dewan Perwakilan SWA. Pemerintah Afrika Selatan menunjuk administrator SWA, yang memiliki kekuasaan eksekutif yang luas. </p><p>Mengikuti pergantian Liga oleh PBB pada tahun 1946, Afrika Selatan menolak untuk menyerahkan mandatnya yang sebelumnya. PBB bermaksud bahwa itu nantinya akan digantikan oleh perjanjian Perwalian PBB, membutuhkan pengawasan internasional yang lebih dekat akan wilayah administrasi dan jadwal yang pasti untuk mencapai kemerdekaan Namibia. Setelah munculnya Partai Nasional di Afrika Selatan, mereka membuat apartheid di kedua daerah. Dewan <i>Herero Chief</i> menyerahkan sejumlah petisi kepada PBB pada tahun 1950 yang menyerukan agar memberikan Namibia kemerdekaan tetapi tidak berhasil. Selama tahun 1960, selagi kekuatan Eropa seperti Prancis dan Inggris memberikan kemerdekaan kepada beberapa koloni dan percaya wilayah di Afrika, ini mengakibatkan Afrika Selatan mendapatkan tekanan agar melakukan hal yang sama kepada Namibia. </p><p>Pada tahun 1966, <a href="/wiki/Mahkamah_Internasional" title="Mahkamah Internasional">Mahkamah Internasional</a> menolak keluhan yang dibawa oleh Ethiopia dan Liberia terhadap kehadiran adanya Afrika Selatan secara berterusan di wilayah itu, namun Majelis Umum PBB kemudian dicabut mandatnya Afrika Selatan. Afrika Selatan terus melaksanakan aturan <i>de facto</i> sedangkan SWAPO memperluas upaya gerilya untuk mengakhirinya. Pada tahun 1971 Mahkamah Internasional mengeluarkan "fatwa" menyatakan administrasi lanjutan Afrika Selatan sebagai ilegal.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Namibia_homelands_78.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Namibia_homelands_78.jpeg/220px-Namibia_homelands_78.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Namibia_homelands_78.jpeg/330px-Namibia_homelands_78.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Namibia_homelands_78.jpeg/440px-Namibia_homelands_78.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2084" data-file-height="1586" /></a><figcaption>Peta Bantustan, tanah yang disisihkan untuk penduduk kulit hitam, di Afrika Barat.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dalam menanggapi keputusan tahun 1966 oleh Mahkamah Internasional, sayap militer SWAPO, Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat Namibia, sebuah kelompok gerilya memulai perjuangan bersenjata mereka untuk kemerdekaan.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sampai akhirnya pada tahun 1988, Afrika Selatan sepakat untuk mengakhiri pendudukannya<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dari Namibia, sesuai dengan rencana perdamaian PBB untuk seluruh wilayahnya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isu_tanah">Isu tanah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Isu tanah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Isu tanah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selama pendudukan Jerman dan Afrika Selatan atas Namibia berlangsung selama berdekade, petani komersial kulit putih, yang kebanyakan datang sebagai penetap dari Afrika Selatan dan mewakili 0,2% dari populasi nasional, memiliki 74% dari tanah yang subur.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di luar daerah pusat Namibia bagian selatan (yang dikenal sebagai "Zona Polisi" sejak era penjajahan Jerman), yang berisi kota-kota utama, industri, tambang dan lahan-lahan subur terbaik, Afrika Selatan menyisihkan area tersebut sebagai "tanah air" untuk berbagai suku, termasuk populasi ras campuran Baster, yang telah menduduki Distrik Rehoboth sejak akhir abad ke-19. Ini merupakan upaya untuk membangun <a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">Bantustan</a>, tetapi kebanyakan suku asli Namibia tidak bekerja sama. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Barat_Daya" title="Afrika Barat Daya">Afrika Barat Daya</a> secara resmi diakui sebagai Namibia oleh PBB; Majelis Umum mengubah nama wilayah itu dengan menggunakan Resolusi 2372 (XXII) 12 Juni 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1978 <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Keamanan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Dewan Keamanan PBB</a> mengeluarkan Resolusi PBB 435, yang isinya tentang rencana transisi Namibia menuju kemerdekaan. Upaya membujuk Afrika Selatan untuk menyetujui pelaksanaan rencana ini tidak berhasil sampai tahun 1988, setelah bertahun-tahun perang. Transisi menuju kemerdekaan akhirnya mulai di bawah perjanjian diplomatik antara Afrika Selatan, Angola dan Kuba, dengan Uni Soviet dan Amerika Serikat sebagai pengamat. Di bawah ini, Afrika Selatan setuju untuk menarik dan demobilisasi pasukan di Namibia. Akibatnya, Kuba sepakat untuk menarik pasukannya di selatan Angola, yang tadinya dikirim untuk mendukung <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Rakyat_untuk_Pembebasan_Angola" title="Gerakan Rakyat untuk Pembebasan Angola">MPLA</a> dalam perang untuk menguasai Angola terhadap <a href="/wiki/Uni_Nasional_untuk_Kemerdekaan_Penuh_Angola" title="Uni Nasional untuk Kemerdekaan Penuh Angola">UNITA</a>. Angola juga menyelesaikan perang saudaranya. </p><p>Sebuah kekuatan gabungan PBB sipil dan perdamaian yang disebut UNTAG <i>(United Nations Transition Assistance Group)</i>, dipimpin oleh diplomat Finlandia <a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a>, telah dikerahkan dari April 1989 sampai Maret 1990 untuk memantau proses perdamaian dan pemilu, dan untuk mengawasi penarikan militer. Selagi UNTAG memulai penyebaran pasukan penjaga perdamaian, pengamat militer, polisi, dan pekerja politik, pertempuran diperbaharui di hari proses transisi seharusnya dimulai. Setelah perundingan baru, tanggal kedua ditetapkan, dan proses pemilihan dimulai dengan sungguh-sungguh. </p><p>Setelah kembalinya lebih dari 46.000 orang buangan SWAPO, pemilihan satu-orang-satu-suara pertama Namibia untuk majelis konstitusi berlangsung pada bulan November 1989. Slogan pemilunya adalah "Bebas dan Adil". Ini dimenangkan oleh SWAPO meskipun tidak mendapatkan suara sebanyak dua-pertiga seperti yang diharapkannya; <i>Democratic Turnhalle Alliance</i> (DTA) yang didukung oleh Afrika Selatan menjadi oposisi resminya. Pemilu berlangsung damai dan dinyatakan bebas dan adil.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Konstitusi Namibia diadopsi pada bulan Februari 1990 memasukkan tentang perlindungan hak asasi manusia, kompensasi untuk pengambilalihan negara atas kepemilikan pribadi, dan mendirikan pengadilan, legislatif, dan presiden eksekutif (majelis konstituante menjadi majelis nasional) yang independen. Negara ini secara resmi merdeka pada tanggal 21 Maret 1990. <a href="/wiki/Sam_Nujoma" title="Sam Nujoma">Sam Nujoma</a> dilantik sebagai Presiden pertama Namibia pada upacara yang dihadiri oleh <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> dari Afrika Selatan (yang telah dibebaskan dari penjara bulan sebelumnya) dan perwakilan dari 147 negara, termasuk 20 kepala negara.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah akhir Apartheid di Afrika Selatan pada tahun 1994, Afrika Selatan menyerahkan Walvis Bay ke Namibia.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sejak_kemerdekaan">Sejak kemerdekaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Sejak kemerdekaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejak kemerdekaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sejak kemerdekaan Namibia telah berhasil membuat transisi dari pemerintahan minoritas apartheid kulit putih ke demokrasi parlementer. Demokrasi multipartai diperkenalkan dan telah dipertahankan, dengan pemilu lokal, regional dan nasional yang diselenggarakan secara teratur. Beberapa partai politik yang terdaftar aktif dan diwakili di Majelis Nasional, meskipun <a href="/wiki/SWAPO" title="SWAPO">SWAPO</a> telah memenangkan setiap pemilihan sejak kemerdekaan.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transisi dari pemerintahan Presiden <a href="/wiki/Sam_Nujoma" title="Sam Nujoma">Sam Nujoma</a> selama 15 tahun kepada penggantinya <a href="/wiki/Hifikepunye_Pohamba" title="Hifikepunye Pohamba">Hifikepunye Pohamba</a> pada tahun 2005 juga berjalan lancar.<sup id="cite_ref-IRIN_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRIN-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sejak kemerdekaan, pemerintah Namibia telah mempromosikan kebijakan perujukan nasional. Mengeluarkan amnesti bagi mereka yang telah berjuang di kedua sisi selama perang pembebasan. Perang saudara di Angola berdampak kepada para warga Namibia tinggal di daerah utara negara. Pada tahun 1998, pasukan Angkatan Pertahanan Namibia (NDF) dikirim ke <a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Kongo" title="Republik Demokratik Kongo">Republik Demokratik Kongo</a> dalam bagian dari kontingen Masyarakat Pembangunan Afrika Selatan (SADC). </p><p>Pada tahun 1999, pemerintah pusat berhasil digagalkan upaya separatis di timur laut Caprivi Strip.<sup id="cite_ref-IRIN_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRIN-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Konflik Caprivi dimulai oleh Tentara Pembebasan Caprivi (CLA), sebuah kelompok pemberontak yang dipimpin oleh Mishake Muyongo. Ini menginginkan Caprivi Strip untuk memisahkan diri untuk membentuk masyarakat sendiri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Geografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Geografi_Namibia" title="Geografi Namibia">Geografi Namibia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:NamibiaDetailFinal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/NamibiaDetailFinal.jpg/250px-NamibiaDetailFinal.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/NamibiaDetailFinal.jpg/375px-NamibiaDetailFinal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/NamibiaDetailFinal.jpg/500px-NamibiaDetailFinal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1626" data-file-height="1443" /></a><figcaption>Geografi Namibia.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Namib_Desert_Namibia(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Namib_Desert_Namibia%282%29.jpg/250px-Namib_Desert_Namibia%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Namib_Desert_Namibia%282%29.jpg/375px-Namib_Desert_Namibia%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Namib_Desert_Namibia%282%29.jpg/500px-Namib_Desert_Namibia%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gurun_Namib" title="Gurun Namib">Gurun Namib</a>, Namibia</figcaption></figure> <p>Dengan luas 825.615 km2 (318.772 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namibia adalah negara <a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_luas_wilayah" title="Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah">terbesar ketiga puluh empat</a> di dunia, setelah Venezuela. Itu sebagian besar terletak di antara garis lintang 17° dan 29°S (area kecil di utara 17°), dan garis bujur 11° dan 26°BT. </p><p>Terletak di antara <a href="/wiki/Gurun_Namib" title="Gurun Namib">gurun Namib</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gurun_Kalahari" title="Gurun Kalahari">Kalahari</a>, Namibia memiliki curah hujan paling sedikit dibandingkan negara mana pun di sub-Sahara Afrika.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lanskap Namibia umumnya terdiri dari lima wilayah geografis, masing-masing dengan <a href="/wiki/Komponen_abiotik" title="Komponen abiotik">kondisi abiotik</a> dan vegetasi yang khas, dengan beberapa variasi di dalamnya dan tumpang tindih di antaranya: Dataran Tengah, Namib, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lereng_Besar,_Afrika_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lereng Besar, Afrika Selatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Lereng Besar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bushveld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bushveld (halaman belum tersedia)">Bushveld</a>, dan Gurun Kalahari. </p><p>Dataran Tinggi Tengah membentang dari utara ke selatan, berbatasan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantai_Skeleton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantai Skeleton (halaman belum tersedia)">Pantai Skeleton</a> di barat laut, Gurun Namib dan dataran pantainya di barat daya, <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Oranye" title="Sungai Oranye">Sungai Oranye</a> di selatan, dan Gurun Kalahari di timur. Dataran Tinggi Tengah adalah rumah bagi titik tertinggi di Namibia pada ketinggian 2.606 meter (8.550 kaki), yakni <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Brandberg" title="Pegunungan Brandberg">Königstein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-elevation_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elevation-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gurun_Namib" title="Gurun Namib">Namib</a> adalah bentangan luas dataran kerikil dan bukit pasir yang sangat gersang yang membentang di sepanjang garis pantai Namibia. Lebarnya bervariasi antara 100 dan 200 kilometer (60 dan 120 mil). Area di Namib meliputi Pantai Skeleton dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaokoveld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaokoveld (halaman belum tersedia)">Kaokoveld</a> di utara dan Laut Pasir Namib yang luas di sepanjang pantai tengah.<sup id="cite_ref-at1315_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-at1315-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tebing Besar dengan cepat naik hingga lebih dari 2.000 meter (7.000 kaki). Suhu rata-rata dan rentang suhu meningkat lebih jauh ke pedalaman dari perairan Atlantik yang dingin, sementara kabut pantai yang tertinggal perlahan berkurang. Meskipun daerahnya berbatu dengan tanah yang kurang berkembang, namun secara signifikan lebih produktif daripada Gurun Namib. Saat angin musim panas dipaksa melewati Tebing, kelembapan diekstrak sebagai presipitasi.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bushveld ditemukan di timur laut Namibia di sepanjang perbatasan Angola dan di Jalur Caprivi. Daerah tersebut menerima curah hujan yang jauh lebih besar daripada daerah lain di negara ini, rata-rata sekitar 400 mm (16 in) per tahun. Daerah ini umumnya datar dan tanahnya berpasir, sehingga membatasi kemampuannya untuk menyimpan air dan mendukung pertanian.<sup id="cite_ref-Cowling,_S._2001_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowling,_S._2001-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gurun Kalahari, wilayah gersang yang membentang hingga ke Afrika Selatan dan Botswana, merupakan salah satu ciri geografis Namibia yang terkenal. Kalahari, meski dikenal sebagai gurun, memiliki beragam lingkungan lokal, termasuk beberapa area hijau dan secara teknis bukan gurun. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_lembab_Karoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah lembab Karoo (halaman belum tersedia)">Daerah lembab Karoo</a> adalah rumah bagi lebih dari 5.000 spesies tumbuhan, hampir setengahnya <a href="/wiki/Endemisme" title="Endemisme">endemik</a>; sekitar 10 persen <a href="/wiki/Sukulen" title="Sukulen">sukulen</a> dunia ditemukan di Karoo.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alasan di balik produktivitas dan endemisme yang tinggi ini mungkin karena sifat presipitasi yang relatif stabil.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gurun Pesisir Namibia adalah salah satu gurun tertua di dunia. Bukit pasirnya, yang diciptakan oleh angin darat yang kuat, adalah yang tertinggi di dunia.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karena lokasi garis pantainya, pada titik di mana air dingin Atlantik mencapai iklim panas Afrika, seringkali kabut yang sangat tebal terbentuk di sepanjang pantai.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di dekat pantai terdapat area di mana gundukan gundukan tumbuh subur.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namibia memiliki sumber daya pesisir dan laut yang kaya yang sebagian besar masih belum dijelajahi.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparks_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparks-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jalur_Caprivi" title="Jalur Caprivi">Jalur Caprivi</a> memanjang ke timur dari sudut timur laut negara itu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iklim">Iklim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Iklim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Iklim"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Koppen-Geiger_Map_NAM_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Koppen-Geiger_Map_NAM_present.svg/350px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_NAM_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Koppen-Geiger_Map_NAM_present.svg/525px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_NAM_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Koppen-Geiger_Map_NAM_present.svg/700px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_NAM_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1376" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Peta <a href="/wiki/Klasifikasi_iklim_K%C3%B6ppen" title="Klasifikasi iklim Köppen">Klasifikasi iklim Köppen</a> Namibia</figcaption></figure> <p>Namibia terbentang dari garis lintang 17°S hingga 25°S: secara iklim kisaran Sabuk Tekanan Tinggi sub-Tropis. Gambaran iklimnya secara keseluruhan gersang, turun dari Sub-Humid [hujan rata-rata di atas 500 mm (20 in)] hingga Semi-Arid [antara 300 dan 500 mm (12 dan 20 in)] (meliputi sebagian besar Kalahari yang tidak berair) dan Gersang [dari 150 hingga 300 mm (6 hingga 12 inci)] (ketiga kawasan ini berada di pedalaman dari tebing curam barat) hingga dataran pantai Hyper-Arid [kurang dari 100 mm (4 inci)]. Suhu maksimum dibatasi oleh ketinggian keseluruhan dari seluruh wilayah: hanya di ujung selatan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warmbad,_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warmbad, Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Warmbad</a> misalnya, maksimum di atas 40 °C (104 °F) tercatat.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Biasanya Sabuk Tekanan Tinggi sub-Tropis, dengan seringnya langit cerah, menyediakan sinar matahari lebih dari 300 hari per tahun. Itu terletak di tepi selatan daerah tropis; <a href="/wiki/Garis_balik_selatan" title="Garis balik selatan">garis balik selatan</a> membelah negara menjadi dua. Musim dingin (Juni – Agustus) umumnya kering. Kedua musim hujan terjadi di musim panas: musim hujan kecil antara September dan November, musim hujan besar antara Februari dan April.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kelembaban rendah, dan curah hujan rata-rata bervariasi dari hampir nol di gurun pesisir hingga lebih dari 600 mm (24 inci) di Jalur Caprivi. Curah hujan sangat bervariasi, dan kekeringan sering terjadi.<sup id="cite_ref-EBClimate_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBClimate-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada musim panas 2006/07 curah hujan tercatat jauh di bawah rata-rata tahunan.<sup id="cite_ref-Olszewski1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olszewski1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada Mei 2019, Namibia mengumumkan keadaan darurat sebagai tanggapan atas kekeringan,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan memperpanjangnya dengan tambahan 6 bulan pada Oktober 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cuaca dan iklim di wilayah pesisir didominasi oleh <a href="/wiki/Arus_Benguela" title="Arus Benguela">Arus Benguela</a> yang dingin dan mengalir ke utara di <a href="/wiki/Samudra_Atlantik" title="Samudra Atlantik">Samudera Atlantik</a>, yang menyumbang <a href="/wiki/Presipitasi_(meteorologi)" title="Presipitasi (meteorologi)">curah hujan sangat rendah</a> (50 mm (2 in) per tahun atau kurang), seringnya kabut tebal, dan suhu yang lebih rendah secara keseluruhan daripada di bagian lain negara ini.<sup id="cite_ref-EBClimate_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBClimate-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Musim Dingin, terkadang kondisi yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angin_Berg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angin Berg (halaman belum tersedia)"><i>Bergwind</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman">bahasa Jerman</a> untuk "angin gunung") atau <i>Oosweer</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Afrikaans" title="Bahasa Afrikaans">bahasa Afrika</a> untuk "cuaca timur") terjadi, angin kering yang panas bertiup dari pedalaman ke pantai. Karena daerah di belakang pantai adalah gurun, angin ini dapat berkembang menjadi badai pasir, meninggalkan endapan pasir di Samudera Atlantik yang terlihat pada citra satelit.<sup id="cite_ref-Olszewski2_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olszewski2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daerah Dataran Tinggi Tengah dan Kalahari memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Variasi_suhu_udara_diurnal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Variasi suhu udara diurnal (halaman belum tersedia)">kisaran suhu diurnal</a> yang luas hingga 30 C° (54F).<sup id="cite_ref-EBClimate_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBClimate-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Efundja, banjir musiman tahunan di bagian utara negara itu, sering menyebabkan tidak hanya kerusakan infrastruktur tetapi juga korban jiwa.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hujan yang menyebabkan banjir ini berasal dari Angola, mengalir ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cekungan_Cuvelai-Etosha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cekungan Cuvelai-Etosha (halaman belum tersedia)">Cekungan Cuvelai-Etosha</a> di Namibia, dan memenuhi oshana (Oshiwambo: dataran banjir) di sana. Banjir terparah sejauh ini terjadi pada Maret 2011 dan menelantarkan 21.000 orang.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politik">Politik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Politik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politik_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politik Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Politik Namibia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tintenpalast-Windhoek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tintenpalast-Windhoek.jpg/220px-Tintenpalast-Windhoek.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tintenpalast-Windhoek.jpg/330px-Tintenpalast-Windhoek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tintenpalast-Windhoek.jpg/440px-Tintenpalast-Windhoek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gedung_Parlemen_,_Windhoek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gedung Parlemen , Windhoek (halaman belum tersedia)">Tintenpalast</a>, pusat pemerintahan Namibia</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Namibia adalah <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a> <a href="/wiki/Demokrasi_perwakilan" title="Demokrasi perwakilan">demokrasi perwakilan</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_semipresidensial" title="Sistem semipresidensial">semi-presidensial</a> <a href="/wiki/Negara_kesatuan" title="Negara kesatuan">kesatuan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dual_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dual-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Presiden_Namibia" title="Daftar Presiden Namibia">Presiden Namibia</a> dipilih untuk masa jabatan lima tahun dan merupakan <a href="/wiki/Kepala_negara" title="Kepala negara">kepala negara</a> sekaligus <a href="/wiki/Kepala_pemerintahan" title="Kepala pemerintahan">kepala pemerintahan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CN_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CN-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semua anggota pemerintah secara individu dan kolektif bertanggung jawab kepada badan legislatif.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ECN_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECN-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Konstitusi_Namibia" title="Konstitusi Namibia">Konstitusi Namibia</a> menjelaskan bahwa<sup id="cite_ref-Bösl_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bösl-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kekuasaan eksekutif dijalankan oleh Presiden dan Pemerintah; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlemen_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parlemen Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Parlemen</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_dua_kamar" title="Sistem dua kamar">bikameral</a> dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majelis_Nasional_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majelis Nasional Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Majelis Nasional</a> sebagai majelis rendah, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Nasional_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Nasional Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Nasional</a> sebagai majelis tinggi;<sup id="cite_ref-parliament153_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parliament153-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan sistem pengadilan yang menafsirkan dan menerapkan hukum atas nama negara. </p><p>Selain itu konstitusi memperbolehkan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_multipartai" title="Sistem multipartai">sistem multi-partai</a> untuk pemerintahan Namibia, dengan partai <a href="/wiki/SWAPO" title="SWAPO">SWAPO</a> mendominasi sejak kemerdekaan pada tahun 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hubungan_luar_negeri">Hubungan luar negeri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Hubungan luar negeri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Hubungan luar negeri"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Diplomatic_relations_of_Namibia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Diplomatic_relations_of_Namibia.svg/300px-Diplomatic_relations_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Diplomatic_relations_of_Namibia.svg/450px-Diplomatic_relations_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Diplomatic_relations_of_Namibia.svg/600px-Diplomatic_relations_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>Negara yang memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Namibia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Namibia memiliki kebijakan luar negeri yang sebagian besar independen, dengan tetap berafiliasi dengan negara-negara yang membantu perjuangan kemerdekaan, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba">Kuba</a>. Dengan jumlah tentara yang sedikit dan ekonomi yang rapuh, perhatian utama kebijakan luar negeri pemerintah Namibia adalah mengembangkan ikatan yang lebih kuat di <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Bagian_Selatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrika Bagian Selatan">wilayah Afrika Selatan</a>. Anggota dinamis <a href="/wiki/Komunitas_Pembangunan_Afrika_Selatan" title="Komunitas Pembangunan Afrika Selatan">Komunitas Pembangunan Afrika Selatan</a>, Namibia adalah advokat vokal untuk integrasi regional yang lebih besar. Ia menjadi anggota ke-160 <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">PBB</a> pada tanggal 23 April 1990. Pada kemerdekaannya ia menjadi anggota ke-50 <a href="/wiki/Persemakmuran_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Persemakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa">Persemakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Militer">Militer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Militer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Militer"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Bersenjata_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Bersenjata Namibia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Namibian_Marines_manning_a_boat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Namibian_Marines_manning_a_boat.jpg/200px-Namibian_Marines_manning_a_boat.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Namibian_Marines_manning_a_boat.jpg/300px-Namibian_Marines_manning_a_boat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Namibian_Marines_manning_a_boat.jpg/400px-Namibian_Marines_manning_a_boat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Pasukan marinir Namibia</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada awal tahun 2020, <i>Global Firepower Index</i> (GFP) melaporkan bahwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Bersenjata_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">militer Namibia</a> menduduki peringkat sebagai salah satu yang terlemah di dunia, urutan ke-126 dari 137 negara. Di antara 34 negara Afrika, Namibia juga berperingkat buruk di posisi ke-28.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meskipun demikian, pengeluaran pemerintah untuk Kementerian Pertahanan mencapai N$5.885 juta (turun 1,2% dari tahun keuangan sebelumnya).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dengan hampir 6 miliar dolar Namibia (US$411 juta pada tahun 2021), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kementerian_Pertahanan_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kementerian Pertahanan Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kementerian Pertahanan</a> menerima jumlah uang tertinggi keempat dari Pemerintah per kementerian. </p><p>Namibia tidak memiliki musuh di <a href="/wiki/Komunitas_Pembangunan_Afrika_Selatan" title="Komunitas Pembangunan Afrika Selatan">wilayah tersebut</a>, meskipun terlibat dalam berbagai perselisihan mengenai perbatasan dan rencana pembangunan.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Konstitusi_Namibia" title="Konstitusi Namibia">Konstitusi Namibia</a> mendefinisikan peran militer sebagai "membela wilayah dan kepentingan nasional." Namibia membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Bersenjata_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Pertahanan Namibia</a> (NDF), yang terdiri dari bekas musuh dalam perang semak selama 23 tahun: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentara_Pembebasan_Rakyat_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat Namibia</a> (PLAN) dan Pasukan Teritorial <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Barat_Daya" title="Afrika Barat Daya">Afrika Barat Daya</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Teritorial_Afrika_Barat_Daya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Teritorial Afrika Barat Daya (halaman belum tersedia)">SWATF</a>). Inggris merumuskan rencana untuk mengintegrasikan kekuatan ini dan mulai melatih NDF, yang terdiri dari markas kecil dan lima batalion. </p><p>Batalion infantri Kenya dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelompok_Bantuan_Transisi_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelompok Bantuan Transisi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (halaman belum tersedia)">Kelompok Bantuan Transisi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a> (UNTAG) tetap berada di Namibia selama tiga bulan setelah kemerdekaan untuk membantu melatih NDF dan menstabilkan wilayah utara. Menurut Kementerian Pertahanan Namibia, pendaftaran baik pria maupun wanita akan berjumlah tidak lebih dari 7.500. </p><p>Pada tahun 2017, Namibia menandatangani perjanjian PBB tentang <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Pelarangan_Senjata_Nuklir" title="Perjanjian Pelarangan Senjata Nuklir">Larangan Senjata Nuklir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembagian_administratif">Pembagian administratif</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Pembagian administratif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pembagian administratif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pembagian_administratif_Namibia" title="Pembagian administratif Namibia">Pembagian administratif Namibia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Namibia_14_regions-numbered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Namibia_14_regions-numbered.svg/340px-Namibia_14_regions-numbered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="340" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Namibia_14_regions-numbered.svg/510px-Namibia_14_regions-numbered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Namibia_14_regions-numbered.svg/680px-Namibia_14_regions-numbered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Region_di_Namibia" title="Region di Namibia">Region di Namibia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Namibia dibagi menjadi 14 region yang dibagi lagi menjadi 121 daerah pemilihan. Pembagian administratif Namibia diajukan oleh Komisi Delimitasi dan diterima atau ditolak oleh Majelis Nasional. Sejak berdirinya negara, empat Komisi Delimitasi telah melaksanakan tugasnya, yang terakhir pada tahun 2013 di bawah kepemimpinan Hakim Alfred Siboleka.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anggota dewan daerah dipilih langsung melalui pemungutan suara rahasia (pemilihan daerah) oleh penduduk daerah pemilihan mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Otoritas lokal di Namibia dapat berbentuk munisipalitas (baik munisipalitas Bagian 1 atau Bagian 2), dewan kota atau desa.<sup id="cite_ref-alan_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alan-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Region_Kunene" title="Region Kunene">Kunene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_Omusati" title="Region Omusati">Omusati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_Oshana" title="Region Oshana">Oshana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_Ohangwena" title="Region Ohangwena">Ohangwena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_Oshikoto" title="Region Oshikoto">Oshikoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_Kavango_East" title="Region Kavango East">Kavango East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_Zambezi" title="Region Zambezi">Zambezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_Erongo" title="Region Erongo">Erongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_Otjozondjupa" title="Region Otjozondjupa">Otjozondjupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_Omaheke" title="Region Omaheke">Omaheke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_Khomas" title="Region Khomas">Khomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_Hardap" title="Region Hardap">Hardap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_Karas" title="Region Karas">Karas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_Kavango_West" title="Region Kavango West">Kavango West</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ekonomi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekonomi Namibia</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Namibia_treemap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Namibia_treemap.png/280px-Namibia_treemap.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Namibia_treemap.png/420px-Namibia_treemap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Namibia_treemap.png/560px-Namibia_treemap.png 2x" data-file-width="1105" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption>Representasi proporsional ekspor Namibia, 2012</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:GDP_per_capita_development_in_Southern_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Southern_Africa.svg/220px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Southern_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Southern_Africa.svg/330px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Southern_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Southern_Africa.svg/440px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Southern_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Historis perkembangan PDB per kapita di negara-negara Afrika bagian selatan, sejak 1950</figcaption></figure> <p>Perekonomian Namibia terkait erat dengan <a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Afrika_Selatan" title="Ekonomi Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a> karena kesamaan sejarah mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-Intelligence1_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intelligence1-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Department1_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Department1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sektor ekonomi terbesar adalah pertambangan (10,4% dari produk domestik bruto tahun 2009), pertanian (5,0%), manufaktur (13,5%), dan pariwisata (14,5%).<sup id="cite_ref-usds_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usds-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Namibia memiliki sektor perbankan yang sangat maju dengan infrastruktur modern, seperti perbankan online dan perbankan ponsel. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bank_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bank Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Bank Namibia</a> (BoN) adalah bank sentral Namibia yang bertanggung jawab untuk melakukan semua fungsi lain yang biasanya dilakukan oleh bank sentral. Ada lima bank komersial resmi BoN di Namibia: Bank Windhoek, First National Bank, Nedbank, Standard Bank, dan Small and Medium Enterprises Bank.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ekonomi Namibia dicirikan oleh kesenjangan antara ekonomi formal dan informal, yang sebagian diperparah oleh warisan perencanaan tata ruang apartheid.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut Laporan Survei Angkatan Kerja Namibia 2012, yang dilakukan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_Statistik_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan Statistik Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Badan Statistik Namibia</a>, tingkat pengangguran negara tersebut adalah 27,4%.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Pengangguran ketat" (orang yang aktif mencari pekerjaan penuh waktu) mencapai 20,2% pada tahun 2000, 21,9% pada tahun 2004 dan melonjak menjadi 29,4% pada tahun 2008. Di bawah definisi yang lebih luas (termasuk orang yang berhenti mencari pekerjaan) pengangguran meningkat menjadi 36,7% pada tahun 2004. Perkiraan ini menganggap orang-orang di <a href="/wiki/Sektor_informal" title="Sektor informal">perekonomian informal</a> sebagai pekerja. Menteri Ketenagakerjaan dan Kesejahteraan Sosial <a href="/w/index.php?title=Immanuel_Ngatjizeko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immanuel Ngatjizeko (halaman belum tersedia)">Immanuel Ngatjizeko</a> memuji studi tahun 2008 sebagai "jauh lebih unggul dalam lingkup dan kualitas dibandingkan dengan yang pernah ada sebelumnya",<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tetapi metodologinya juga mendapat kritik.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 2004 undang-undang ketenagakerjaan disahkan untuk melindungi orang dari diskriminasi pekerjaan yang berasal dari status kehamilan dan <a href="/wiki/AIDS" title="AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>. Pada awal 2010 dewan tender Pemerintah mengumumkan bahwa "selanjutnya 100 persen dari semua tenaga kerja tidak terampil dan setengah terampil harus bersumber, tanpa kecuali, dari dalam Namibia".<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Windhoek_aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Windhoek_aerial.jpg/230px-Windhoek_aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Windhoek_aerial.jpg/345px-Windhoek_aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Windhoek_aerial.jpg/460px-Windhoek_aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a>, pusat perekonomian Namibia</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada 2013, penyedia berita bisnis dan keuangan global, <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Markets" title="Bloomberg Markets">Bloomberg</a></i>, menyebut Namibia sebagai ekonomi pasar berkembang teratas di Afrika dan terbaik ke-13 di dunia. Hanya empat negara Afrika yang masuk dalam daftar 20 Pasar Berkembang Teratas dalam majalah <i>Bloomberg Markets</i> edisi Maret 2013, dan Namibia mendapat peringkat di depan <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a> (peringkat 19), <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a> (peringkat 15), dan <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> (peringkat 14). Di seluruh dunia, Namibia juga bernasib lebih baik daripada <a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hongaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a>. Majalah <i>Bloomberg Markets</i> memberi peringkat 20 teratas berdasarkan lebih dari selusin kriteria. Data tersebut berasal dari statistik pasar keuangan Bloomberg sendiri, prakiraan <a href="/wiki/Dana_Moneter_Internasional" title="Dana Moneter Internasional">IMF</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bank_Dunia" title="Bank Dunia">Bank Dunia</a>. Negara-negara tersebut juga dinilai berdasarkan bidang-bidang yang diminati investor asing: kemudahan berbisnis, persepsi tingkat korupsi, dan kebebasan ekonomi. Untuk menarik investasi asing, pemerintah telah melakukan perbaikan dalam mengurangi birokrasi akibat peraturan pemerintah yang berlebihan, menjadikan Namibia salah satu tempat yang paling tidak birokratis untuk berbisnis di wilayah tersebut. Uang pelicin terkadang diminta oleh bea cukai karena prosedur bea cukai yang rumit dan mahal.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namibia juga diklasifikasikan sebagai negara Berpenghasilan Menengah Atas oleh Bank Dunia, dan peringkat ke-87 dari 185 perekonomian dalam hal kemudahan berbisnis.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biaya_hidup_di_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biaya hidup di Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Biaya hidup di Namibia</a> relatif tinggi karena sebagian besar barang, termasuk sereal, harus diimpor. Ibu kotanya, <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a>, adalah tempat ke-150 termahal di dunia untuk tempat tinggal ekspatriat.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpajakan_di_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perpajakan di Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Perpajakan di Namibia</a> termasuk pajak penghasilan pribadi, yang berlaku untuk total penghasilan kena pajak seseorang. Semua individu dikenakan pajak dengan tarif marjinal progresif selama serangkaian kurung pendapatan. <a href="/wiki/Pajak_pertambahan_nilai" title="Pajak pertambahan nilai">Pajak pertambahan nilai</a> (PPN) berlaku untuk sebagian besar komoditas dan jasa.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Terlepas dari sifat terpencil di sebagian besar negara, Namibia memiliki pelabuhan laut, bandara, jalan raya, dan rel kereta api (ukuran sempit). Ini berusaha untuk menjadi pusat transportasi regional; ia memiliki pelabuhan penting dan beberapa tetangga yang terkurung daratan. Dataran Tinggi Tengah sudah berfungsi sebagai koridor transportasi dari bagian utara yang lebih padat penduduknya ke Afrika Selatan, sumber empat per lima impor Namibia.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Almanac_2004_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Almanac_2004-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Demografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Demografi_Namibia" title="Demografi Namibia">Demografi Namibia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Namibia_Population_Density_(2011).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Namibia_Population_Density_%282011%29.jpg/330px-Namibia_Population_Density_%282011%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Namibia_Population_Density_%282011%29.jpg/495px-Namibia_Population_Density_%282011%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Namibia_Population_Density_%282011%29.jpg/660px-Namibia_Population_Density_%282011%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>Kepadatan penduduk di Namibia menurut wilayah (sensus 2011)</figcaption></figure> <p>Namibia memiliki <a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_kepadatan_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk">kepadatan populasi terendah kedua</a> di negara berdaulat mana pun, setelah <a href="/wiki/Demografi_Mongolia" title="Demografi Mongolia">Mongolia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-unpop_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unpop-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2017 terdapat rata-rata 3,08 orang per km2.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Angka_kesuburan_total" title="Angka kesuburan total">Tingkat kesuburan total</a> pada tahun 2015 adalah 3,47 anak per wanita menurut PBB. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelompok_etnis">Kelompok etnis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Kelompok etnis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kelompok etnis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; float:right; margin-right:9px; margin-left:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Nama_Woman_Smoking_Kalahari_Desert_Namibia_Luca_Galuzzi_2004.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nama_Woman_Smoking_Kalahari_Desert_Namibia_Luca_Galuzzi_2004.JPG/180px-Nama_Woman_Smoking_Kalahari_Desert_Namibia_Luca_Galuzzi_2004.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nama_Woman_Smoking_Kalahari_Desert_Namibia_Luca_Galuzzi_2004.JPG/270px-Nama_Woman_Smoking_Kalahari_Desert_Namibia_Luca_Galuzzi_2004.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Nama_Woman_Smoking_Kalahari_Desert_Namibia_Luca_Galuzzi_2004.JPG/360px-Nama_Woman_Smoking_Kalahari_Desert_Namibia_Luca_Galuzzi_2004.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Toutrek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Toutrek.jpg/180px-Toutrek.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Toutrek.jpg/270px-Toutrek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Toutrek.jpg/360px-Toutrek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Wanita <a href="/wiki/Orang_Nama" title="Orang Nama">Suku Nama</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Anak-anak <a href="/wiki/Afrikaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaner">Afrikaner</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mayoritas penduduk Namibia berasal dari penutur bahasa <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Bantu" title="Rumpun bahasa Bantu">Bantu</a>—kebanyakan dari etnis <a href="/wiki/Suku_Ovambo" title="Suku Ovambo">Ovambo</a>, yang merupakan sekitar setengah dari populasi—yang sebagian besar tinggal di bagian utara negara itu, meskipun banyak yang sekarang tinggal di kota-kota di seluruh Namibia. Kelompok etnis lainnya adalah orang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suku_Herero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suku Herero (halaman belum tersedia)">Herero</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suku_Himba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suku Himba (halaman belum tersedia)">Himba</a>, yang berbicara bahasa Herero terkait, dan <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Damara" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Damara">Damara</a>, yang, seperti <a href="/wiki/Orang_Nama" title="Orang Nama">Nama</a>, berbicara <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Nama" title="Bahasa Nama">Khoekhoe</a>. </p><p>Selain mayoritas Bantu, ada kelompok besar <a href="/wiki/Suku_Khoisan" title="Suku Khoisan">Khoisan</a> (seperti Nama dan <a href="/wiki/Suku_San" class="mw-redirect" title="Suku San">San</a>), yang merupakan keturunan penduduk asli Afrika Selatan. Negara ini juga memiliki beberapa keturunan pengungsi dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angola_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angola Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Angola</a>. Ada juga dua kelompok kecil orang dengan asal ras campuran, yang disebut "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_kulit_berwarna_di_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang kulit berwarna di Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Warna</a>" dan "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baster (halaman belum tersedia)">Basters</a>", yang bersama-sama membentuk 8,0% (dengan Warna melebihi jumlah Basters dua banding satu). Ada minoritas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tionghoa_di_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tionghoa di Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Tionghoa</a> yang substansial di Namibia; jumlahnya mencapai 40.000 pada tahun 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_kulit_putih_Afrika_keturunan_Eropa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang kulit putih Afrika keturunan Eropa (halaman belum tersedia)">Orang kulit putih</a> (sebagian besar berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Afrikaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaner">Afrikaner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orang_Jerman" title="Orang Jerman">Jerman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Inggris">Inggris</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Orang_Portugis" title="Orang Portugis">Portugis</a>) berjumlah antara 4,0 dan 7,0% dari populasi. Meskipun proporsi populasi mereka menurun setelah kemerdekaan karena emigrasi dan tingkat kelahiran yang lebih rendah, mereka masih merupakan populasi keturunan Eropa terbesar kedua, baik dalam persentase maupun jumlah sebenarnya, di <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Sub-Sahara" title="Afrika Sub-Sahara">Afrika Sub-Sahara</a> (setelah Afrika Selatan).<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mayoritas orang kulit putih Namibia dan hampir semua ras campuran berbicara <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Afrikaans" title="Bahasa Afrikaans">bahasa Afrikaans</a> dan memiliki asal usul, budaya, dan agama yang sama dengan populasi kulit putih dan kulit berwarna di Afrika Selatan. Sebagian besar minoritas kulit putih (sekitar 30.000) melacak asal keluarga mereka kembali ke pemukim Jerman yang menjajah Namibia sebelum invasi Afrika Selatan selama <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang Dunia Pertama</a>, dan mereka memelihara institusi budaya dan pendidikan Jerman. Hampir semua <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Barat_Portugis" title="Afrika Barat Portugis">pemukim Portugis</a> datang ke negara itu dari bekas jajahan Portugis di Angola.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sensus tahun 1960 melaporkan 526.004 orang di Afrika Barat Daya, termasuk 73.464 orang kulit putih (14%).<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agama">Agama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Agama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Agama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Swakopmund_ev-luth_Kirche_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Swakopmund_ev-luth_Kirche_1.jpg/220px-Swakopmund_ev-luth_Kirche_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Swakopmund_ev-luth_Kirche_1.jpg/330px-Swakopmund_ev-luth_Kirche_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Swakopmund_ev-luth_Kirche_1.jpg/440px-Swakopmund_ev-luth_Kirche_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5526" data-file-height="3684" /></a><figcaption>Gereja Lutheran di <a href="/wiki/Swakopmund" title="Swakopmund">Swakopmund</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Komunitas Kristen</a> membentuk 80%–90% dari populasi Namibia, dengan setidaknya 75% <a href="/wiki/Protestanisme" title="Protestanisme">Protestan</a>, di mana setidaknya 50% adalah <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Lutheran" title="Gereja Lutheran">Lutheran</a>. Lutheran adalah kelompok agama terbesar, warisan dari pekerjaan misionaris Jerman dan <a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a> selama masa kolonial negara itu.<sup id="cite_ref-finnish-mission_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finnish-mission-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 10%–20% populasi memegang kepercayaan asli.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kegiatan misionaris selama paruh kedua abad ke-19 mengakibatkan banyak orang Namibia menjadi Kristen. Saat ini kebanyakan orang Kristen adalah Lutheran, tetapi ada juga <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Katolik Roma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Metodis" title="Gereja Metodis">Metodis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglikanisme" title="Anglikanisme">Anglikan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Episkopal_Metodis_Afrika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Episkopal Metodis Afrika (halaman belum tersedia)">Episkopal Metodis Afrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Reformasi_Belanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Reformasi Belanda">Reformasi Belanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Yesus_Kristus_dari_Orang-orang_Suci_Zaman_Akhir" title="Gereja Yesus Kristus dari Orang-orang Suci Zaman Akhir">Orang Suci Zaman Akhir</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Saksi-Saksi_Yehuwa" title="Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa">Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Islam_di_Namibia" title="Islam di Namibia">Islam di Namibia</a> dianut oleh sekitar 9.000 orang,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> banyak dari mereka <a href="/wiki/Orang_Nama" title="Orang Nama">Nama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namibia adalah rumah bagi komunitas kecil <a href="/wiki/Agama_Yahudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Yahudi">Yahudi</a> yang beranggotakan sekitar 100 orang.<sup id="cite_ref-jewishvirtuallibrary1_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishvirtuallibrary1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahasa">Bahasa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Bahasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bahasa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="barbox tright" style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white;"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th colspan="5">Bahasa di Namibia</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td style="padding:0 4px;">Bahasa</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> <td style="width:100px;"> </td><td style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">persentase</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Oshiwambo</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgreen; width:48.9%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001489000000000000♠"></span>48,9</span>%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Khoekhoegowab</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:11.3%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001113000000000000♠"></span>11,3</span>%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Afrikaans</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:10.4%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001104000000000000♠"></span>10,4</span>%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Otjiherero</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:8.6%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000860000000000000♠"></span>8,6</span>%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">RuKwangali</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:8.5%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000850000000000000♠"></span>8,5</span>%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">siLozi</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:4.8%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000480000000000000♠"></span>4,8</span>%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Inggris</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:3.4%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000340000000000000♠"></span>3,4</span>%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Jerman</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:teal; width:0.9%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999900000000000000♠"></span>0,9</span>%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">San</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkred; width:0.8%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999800000000000000♠"></span>0,8</span>%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Setswana</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:gray; width:0.3%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999300000000000000♠"></span>0,3</span>%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Afrika lainnya</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:tan; width:1.2%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000120000000000000♠"></span>1,2</span>%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Eropa lainnya</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:lime; width:0.7%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999700000000000000♠"></span>0,7</span>%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Asia</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:violet; width:0.1%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999100000000000000♠"></span>0,1</span>%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p>Hingga tahun 1990, bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">Inggris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman">Jerman</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Afrikaans" title="Bahasa Afrikaans">Afrika</a> adalah bahasa resmi. Jauh sebelum kemerdekaan Namibia dari Afrika Selatan, <a href="/wiki/SWAPO" title="SWAPO">SWAPO</a> berpendapat bahwa negara tersebut harus secara resmi menjadi satu bahasa, memilih pendekatan ini berbeda dengan tetangganya Afrika Selatan (yang memberikan status resmi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_di_Afrika_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa di Afrika Selatan (halaman belum tersedia)">ke-11 bahasa utamanya</a>), yang dilihatnya sebagai "kebijakan fragmentasi etnolinguistik yang disengaja".<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akibatnya, SWAPO melembagakan bahasa Inggris sebagai satu-satunya bahasa resmi Namibia, meskipun hanya sekitar 3% penduduk yang menggunakannya sebagai bahasa ibu. Pelaksanaannya difokuskan pada layanan sipil, pendidikan dan sistem penyiaran, khususnya lembaga penyiaran negara NBC.<sup id="cite_ref-kriger_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kriger-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa bahasa lain telah menerima pengakuan semi-resmi dengan diizinkan sebagai bahasa pengantar di sekolah dasar. Sekolah swasta diharapkan mengikuti kebijakan yang sama dengan sekolah negeri, dan "bahasa Inggris" adalah mata pelajaran wajib.<sup id="cite_ref-kriger_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kriger-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa kritikus berpendapat bahwa, seperti dalam masyarakat Afrika pascakolonial lainnya, dorongan untuk pengajaran dan kebijakan satu bahasa telah mengakibatkan tingginya angka putus sekolah dan individu yang kompetensi akademisnya dalam bahasa apa pun rendah.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut sensus 2011, bahasa yang paling umum digunakan adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Ovambo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Ovambo (halaman belum tersedia)">Oshiwambo</a> (bahasa yang paling banyak digunakan oleh 49% rumah tangga),<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Nama" title="Bahasa Nama">Khoekhoegowab</a> (11,3%), <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Afrikaans" title="Bahasa Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> (10,4%), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Kwangali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Kwangali (halaman belum tersedia)">RuKwangali</a> (9%), dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Herero" title="Bahasa Herero">Otjiherero</a> (9%).<sup id="cite_ref-snapshot_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snapshot-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census2011_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahasa nasional yang paling banyak dipahami adalah Afrikaans, lingua franca negara itu. Baik bahasa Afrika dan Inggris digunakan terutama sebagai bahasa kedua yang disediakan untuk komunikasi publik. Daftar lengkap bahasa menurut sensus 2011 adalah 48,9% Oshiwambo, 11,3% Khoekhoegowab, 10,4% Afrikaans, 8,6% Otjiherero, 8,5% RuKwangali, 4,8% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Lozi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Lozi (halaman belum tersedia)">siLozi</a>, 3,4% Inggris, 1,2% <a href="/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_di_benua_Afrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa-bahasa di benua Afrika">Bahasa Afrika lainnya</a>, 0,9% <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman">Jerman</a>, 0,8% San, 0,7% bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_di_Eropa" title="Bahasa di Eropa">Eropa lainnya</a>, 0,3% <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tswana" title="Bahasa Tswana">Setswana</a>, dan 0,1% bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_di_Asia" title="Bahasa di Asia">Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nsa_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsa-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebagian besar penduduk kulit putih berbicara bahasa Afrikaans atau Jerman. Lebih dari satu abad setelah berakhirnya era kolonial Jerman, bahasa Jerman tetap berperan sebagai bahasa perdagangan. Bahasa Afrika dituturkan oleh 60% komunitas kulit putih, Jerman 32%, Inggris 7%, dan Portugis 4–5%.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kedekatan geografis dengan Angola yang berbahasa Portugis menjelaskan jumlah <a href="/wiki/Lusofon" title="Lusofon">penutur bahasa Portugis</a> yang relatif tinggi; pada tahun 2011 ini diperkirakan berjumlah 100.000.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budaya">Budaya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Budaya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Budaya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budaya_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budaya Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Budaya Namibia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Media" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Media"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Windhoek_Observer_offices.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Windhoek_Observer_offices.jpg/220px-Windhoek_Observer_offices.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Windhoek_Observer_offices.jpg/330px-Windhoek_Observer_offices.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Windhoek_Observer_offices.jpg/440px-Windhoek_Observer_offices.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Markas koran <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windhoek_Observer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windhoek Observer (halaman belum tersedia)">Windhoek Observer</a></i>, 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Meskipun populasi Namibia cukup kecil, negara ini memiliki beragam pilihan media; dua stasiun TV, 19 stasiun radio (belum terhitung stasiun komunitas), 5 surat kabar harian, beberapa mingguan dan terbitan khusus bersaing memperebutkan perhatian khalayak. Selain itu, tersedia sejumlah media asing, terutama Afrika Selatan. Media online sebagian besar didasarkan pada konten publikasi cetak. Namibia memiliki Badan Pers milik negara, yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_Pers_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan Pers Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">NAMPA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rothe_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothe-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keseluruhan c. 300 jurnalis bekerja di negara tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-jobs_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jobs-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surat kabar pertama di Namibia adalah Windhoeker Anzeiger berbahasa Jerman, didirikan pada tahun 1898. Selama pemerintahan Jerman, surat kabar terutama mencerminkan realitas kehidupan dan pandangan minoritas berbahasa Jerman kulit putih. Mayoritas kulit hitam diabaikan atau digambarkan sebagai ancaman. Selama pemerintahan Afrika Selatan, bias kulit putih berlanjut, dengan pengaruh yang disebutkan dari pemerintah Pretoria pada sistem media Afrika Barat Daya. Surat kabar independen dipandang sebagai ancaman terhadap tatanan yang ada, dan jurnalis kritis sering diancam.<sup id="cite_ref-Rothe_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothe-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Links_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Links-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radio diperkenalkan pada tahun 1969, TV pada tahun 1981. Sektor penyiaran saat ini didominasi oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan Penyiaran Namibia</a> (NBC) milik negara. <a href="/wiki/Penyiaran_umum" title="Penyiaran umum">Penyiar publik</a> menawarkan stasiun TV serta "Radio Nasional" dalam bahasa Inggris dan sembilan layanan bahasa dalam bahasa lokal. Sembilan stasiun radio swasta di negara ini sebagian besar merupakan saluran berbahasa Inggris, kecuali Radio Omulunga (Oshiwambo) dan Kosmos 94.1 (Afrika). <a href="/w/index.php?title=One_Africa_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="One Africa Television (halaman belum tersedia)">One Africa TV</a> milik swasta telah bersaing dengan NBC sejak tahun 2000-an.<sup id="cite_ref-Rothe_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothe-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oneafricabackground_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oneafricabackground-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dibandingkan dengan negara tetangga, Namibia memiliki tingkat kebebasan media yang tinggi. Selama beberapa tahun terakhir, negara ini biasanya menempati peringkat teratas dalam <a href="/wiki/Indeks_Kebebasan_Pers" title="Indeks Kebebasan Pers">Indeks Kebebasan Pers</a> <a href="/wiki/Wartawan_Tanpa_Batas" title="Wartawan Tanpa Batas">Reporter tanpa Batas</a>, mencapai posisi 21 pada tahun 2010, setara dengan Kanada dan negara Afrika dengan posisi terbaik.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barometer Media Afrika menunjukkan hasil positif yang serupa. Namun, seperti di negara-negara lain, masih ada pengaruh perwakilan negara dan ekonomi pada media di Namibia.<sup id="cite_ref-Rothe_102-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothe-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2009, Namibia turun ke posisi 36 pada Indeks Kebebasan Pers.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2013, peringkat ke-19,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ke-22 pada tahun 2014<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan ke-23 pada tahun 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang berarti saat ini negara Afrika dengan peringkat tertinggi dalam hal kebebasan pers. </p><p>Media dan jurnalis di Namibia diwakili oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Media_Afrika_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Media Afrika Selatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Institut Media Afrika Selatan</a> cabang Namibia dan Forum Editor Namibia. Seorang ombudsman media independen ditunjuk pada tahun 2009 untuk mencegah dewan media yang dikontrol negara.<sup id="cite_ref-Rothe_102-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothe-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olahraga">Olahraga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Olahraga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Olahraga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Namibia_Rugby_Team.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Namibia_Rugby_Team.jpg/170px-Namibia_Rugby_Team.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Namibia_Rugby_Team.jpg/255px-Namibia_Rugby_Team.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Namibia_Rugby_Team.jpg/340px-Namibia_Rugby_Team.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_nasional_persatuan_rugby_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tim nasional persatuan rugby Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Tim rugbi Namibia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Olahraga paling populer di Namibia adalah <a href="/wiki/Sepak_bola" title="Sepak bola">sepak bola</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tim_nasional_sepak_bola_Namibia" title="Tim nasional sepak bola Namibia">Tim nasional sepak bola Namibia</a> lolos ke <a href="/wiki/Piala_Negara-Negara_Afrika" title="Piala Negara-Negara Afrika">Piala Afrika</a> edisi 1998, 2008 dan 2019, tetapi belum lolos ke <a href="/wiki/Piala_Dunia_FIFA" title="Piala Dunia FIFA">Piala Dunia</a>. </p><p>Tim nasional paling sukses adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_nasional_persatuan_rugby_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tim nasional persatuan rugby Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">tim rugby Namibia</a>, yang berkompetisi di enam Piala Dunia terpisah. Namibia adalah peserta <a href="/wiki/Piala_Dunia_Rugbi" title="Piala Dunia Rugbi">Piala Dunia Rugbi</a> 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015 dan 2019. Kriket juga populer, dengan tim nasional yang lolos ke <a href="/wiki/Piala_Dunia_Kriket" title="Piala Dunia Kriket">Piala Dunia Kriket</a> 2003, Piala Dunia ICC T20 2021, dan Piala Dunia T20 Putra ICC 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada bulan Desember 2017, Kriket Namibia mencapai final Tantangan Satu Hari Provinsi Kriket Afrika Selatan (CSA) untuk pertama kalinya.<sup id="cite_ref-NCYR_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCYR-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada Februari 2018 Namibia menjadi tuan rumah Divisi 2 Liga Kriket Dunia ICC dengan Namibia, Kenya, UEA, Nepal, Kanada, dan Oman untuk bersaing memperebutkan dua posisi terakhir Kualifikasi Piala Dunia Kriket ICC di Zimbabwe. Namibia juga lolos kualifikasi Piala Dunia ICC T20 2021 dan masuk ke klub super 12.<sup id="cite_ref-NCYR_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCYR-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Atlet paling terkenal dari Namibia adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankie_Fredericks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frankie Fredericks (halaman belum tersedia)">Frankie Fredericks</a>, sprinter di nomor 100 dan 200 m. Ia memenangkan empat medali perak Olimpiade (1992, 1996) dan juga memiliki medali dari beberapa <a href="/wiki/Kejuaraan_Dunia_Atletik" title="Kejuaraan Dunia Atletik">Kejuaraan Atletik Dunia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pengendara sepeda profesional dan juara Namibia Road Race <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Craven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Craven (halaman belum tersedia)">Dan Craven</a> mewakili Namibia di <a href="/wiki/Olimpiade_Musim_Panas_2016" title="Olimpiade Musim Panas 2016">Olimpiade Musim Panas 2016</a> baik dalam road race maupun individual time trial.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_German.pdf">"Communal Land Reform Act, German"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Government of Namibia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communal+Land+Reform+Act%2C+German&rft.pub=Government+of+Namibia.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F209.88.21.36%2Fopencms%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fgrnnet%2FMLRR%2FDocArchive%2Fland-Reform%2FCommunal_Land_Reform_Act_German.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak February 2018">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160225105003/http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Afrikaans.pdf">"Communal Land Reform Act, Afrikaans"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Government of Namibia. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Afrikaans.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 25 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communal+Land+Reform+Act%2C+Afrikaans&rft.pub=Government+of+Namibia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F209.88.21.36%2Fopencms%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fgrnnet%2FMLRR%2FDocArchive%2FLand-Reform%2FCommunal_Land_Reform_Act_Afrikaans.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160225104943/http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Nama.pdf">"Communal Land Reform Act, Khoekhoegowab"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Government of Namibia. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Nama.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 25 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communal+Land+Reform+Act%2C+Khoekhoegowab&rft.pub=Government+of+Namibia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F209.88.21.36%2Fopencms%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fgrnnet%2FMLRR%2FDocArchive%2FLand-Reform%2FCommunal_Land_Reform_Act_Nama.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160301124906/http://baslerafrika.ch/wp-content/uploads/Neuerwerbungsliste-2013.pdf">"Communal Land Reform Act, Oshiwambo"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Government of Namibia. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baslerafrika.ch/wp-content/uploads/Neuerwerbungsliste-2013.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 1 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communal+Land+Reform+Act%2C+Oshiwambo&rft.pub=Government+of+Namibia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaslerafrika.ch%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FNeuerwerbungsliste-2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Herero.pdf">"Communal Land Reform Act, Otjiherero"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Government of Namibia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communal+Land+Reform+Act%2C+Otjiherero&rft.pub=Government+of+Namibia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F209.88.21.36%2Fopencms%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fgrnnet%2FMLRR%2FDocArchive%2FLand-Reform%2FCommunal_Land_Reform_Act_Herero.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak February 2018">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160225104955/http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Rukwangali.pdf">"Communal Land Reform Act, Rukwangali"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Government of Namibia. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Rukwangali.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 25 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communal+Land+Reform+Act%2C+Rukwangali&rft.pub=Government+of+Namibia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F209.88.21.36%2Fopencms%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fgrnnet%2FMLRR%2FDocArchive%2FLand-Reform%2FCommunal_Land_Reform_Act_Rukwangali.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160225105008/http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Setswana.pdf">"Communal Land Reform Act, Setswana"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Government of Namibia. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Setswana.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 25 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communal+Land+Reform+Act%2C+Setswana&rft.pub=Government+of+Namibia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F209.88.21.36%2Fopencms%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fgrnnet%2FMLRR%2FDocArchive%2FLand-Reform%2FCommunal_Land_Reform_Act_Setswana.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160225104949/http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Lozi.pdf">"Communal Land Reform Act, Lozi"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Government of Namibia. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Lozi.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 25 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communal+Land+Reform+Act%2C+Lozi&rft.pub=Government+of+Namibia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F209.88.21.36%2Fopencms%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fgrnnet%2FMLRR%2FDocArchive%2FLand-Reform%2FCommunal_Land_Reform_Act_Lozi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR298/FR298.pdf">"Namibia Demographic and Health Survey 2013"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. The Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS) and ICF International. September 2014. hlm. 30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Namibia+Demographic+and+Health+Survey+2013&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=The+Namibia+Ministry+of+Health+and+Social+Services+%28MoHSS%29+and+ICF+International&rft.date=2014-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdhsprogram.com%2Fpubs%2Fpdf%2FFR298%2FFR298.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Only people between 15 and 49 years of age were surveyed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cms2.my.na/assets/documents/p19dmlj9sm1rs138h7vb5c2aa91.pdf">"Census data"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>cms2.my.na</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-10-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cms2.my.na&rft.atitle=Census+data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcms2.my.na%2Fassets%2Fdocuments%2Fp19dmlj9sm1rs138h7vb5c2aa91.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imfna-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imfna_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imfna_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imfna_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imfna_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/NAM">"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF.org&rft.atitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FCountries%2FNAM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=NA">"GINI index (World Bank estimate)"</a>. <i>data.worldbank.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="World Bank">World Bank</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=GINI+index+%28World+Bank+estimate%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DNA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf">"Human Development Report 2021/2022"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 8 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2021%2F2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KDA-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KDA_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_Dierks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Dierks (halaman belum tersedia)">Dierks, Klaus</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081015021238/http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_A.htm">"Biographies of Namibian Personalities, A"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_A.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biographies+of+Namibian+Personalities%2C+A&rft.aulast=Dierks&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.klausdierks.com%2FBiographies%2FBiographies_A.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dierks-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dierks_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_Dierks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Dierks (halaman belum tersedia)">Dierks, Klaus</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.klausdierks.com/Warm_Bath/index.htm">"Warmbad becomes two hundred years"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821172028/http://www.klausdierks.com/Warm_Bath/index.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warmbad+becomes+two+hundred+years&rft.aulast=Dierks&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.klausdierks.com%2FWarm_Bath%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVedder1997177-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVedder1997177_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVedder1997">Vedder 1997</a>, hlm. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVedder1997659-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVedder1997659_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVedder1997">Vedder 1997</a>, hlm. 659.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9036573/German-South-West-Africa">"German South West Africa"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080622124700/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9036573/German-South-West-Africa">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-06-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=German+South+West+Africa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9036573%2FGerman-South-West-Africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Olusoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Olusoga (halaman belum tersedia)">David Olusoga</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/18/pope-francis-armenian-genocide-first-20th-century-namibia">"Dear Pope Francis, Namibia was the 20th century's first genocide | David Olusoga | Comment is free"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603191720/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/18/pope-francis-armenian-genocide-first-20th-century-namibia">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-06-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dear+Pope+Francis%2C+Namibia+was+the+20th+century%E2%80%99s+first+genocide+%26%23124%3B+David+Olusoga+%26%23124%3B+Comment+is+free&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft.au=David+Olusoga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2015%2Fapr%2F18%2Fpope-francis-armenian-genocide-first-20th-century-namibia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drechsler, Horst (1980). The actual number of deaths in the limited number of battles with the Germany Schutztruppe (expeditionary force) were limited; most of the deaths occurred after fighting had ended. The German military governor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotha_von_Trotha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotha von Trotha (halaman belum tersedia)">Lotha von Trotha</a> issued an explicit extermination order, and many Herero died of disease and abuse in detention camps after being taken from their land. A substantial minority of Herero crossed the Kalahari desert into the British colony of Bechuanaland (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>), where a small community continues to live in western Botswana near to border with Namibia. <i>Let us die fighting</i>, originally published (1966) under the title <i>Südwestafrika unter deutsche Kolonialherrschaft</i>. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.<span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reinhart Kössler, and Henning Melber, "Völkermord und Gedenken: Der Genozid an den Herero und Nama in Deutsch-Südwestafrika 1904–1908," ("Genocide and memory: the genocide of the Herero and Nama in German South-West Africa, 1904–08") <i>Jahrbuch zur Geschichte und Wirkung des Holocaust</i> 2004: 37–75 <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Andrew Meldrum in Pretoria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/aug/16/germany.andrewmeldrum">"German apology for Namibia genocide | World news"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200504204816/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/aug/16/germany.andrewmeldrum">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-05-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=German+apology+for+Namibia+genocide+%26%23124%3B+World+news&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft.au=Andrew+Meldrum+in+Pretoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2004%2Faug%2F16%2Fgermany.andrewmeldrum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/november/namibia1966.htm">"Namibian War of Independence 1966–1988"</a>. Armed Conflict Events Database. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130113202526/http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/november/namibia1966.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Namibian+War+of+Independence+1966%E2%80%931988&rft.pub=Armed+Conflict+Events+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onwar.com%2Faced%2Fdata%2Fnovember%2Fnamibia1966.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Petronella Sibeene (17 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=3769">"Swapo Party Turns 49"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Era_(Namibia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Era (Namibia) (halaman belum tersedia)">New Era</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218185514/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=3769">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-02-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Swapo+Party+Turns+49&rft.date=2009-04-17&rft.au=Petronella+Sibeene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newera.com.na%2Farticle.php%3Farticleid%3D3769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.klausdierks.com/Chronology/119.htm">"Klaus Dierks Chronology of Namibian History, 1977"</a>. Klausdierks.com. 19 August 1977. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230040/http://www.klausdierks.com/Chronology/119.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klaus+Dierks+Chronology+of+Namibian+History%2C+1977&rft.pub=Klausdierks.com&rft.date=1977-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.klausdierks.com%2FChronology%2F119.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Tapscott, Chris (January 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101224061856/http://www.africafiles.org/article.asp?ID=4015">"Land reform in Namibia: Why not?"</a>. <i>Southern African Report</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 12. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africafiles.org/article.asp?ID=4015">versi asli</a> tanggal 24 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+African+Report&rft.atitle=Land+reform+in+Namibia%3A+Why+not%3F&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1994-01&rft.au=Tapscott%2C+Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africafiles.org%2Farticle.asp%3FID%3D4015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legal.un.org/repertory/art77/english/rep_supp7_vol5-art77_e_advance.pdf">Legal Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172411/http://legal.un.org/repertory/art77/english/rep_supp7_vol5-art77_e_advance.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 2016-03-03 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.<span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Udogu, E. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Treaty+between+the+Government+of+the+Republic+of+South+Africa+and+the+Government+of+the+Republic+of+Namibia+with+respect+to+Walvis+Bay+and+the+off-shore+Islands%2C+28+February+1994&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDepts%2Flos%2FLEGISLATIONANDTREATIES%2FPDFFILES%2FTREATIES%2FZAF-NAM1994OI.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100705012456/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/news/34580/34581/224187/250510spotlightonnamibia.htm">"Country report: Spotlight on Namibia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a> Secretariat. 25 May 2010. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=IRIN+country+profile+Namibia&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irinnews.org%2Fcountry.aspx%3FCountryCode%3DNA%26RegionCode%3DSAF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html">"Rank Order – Area"</a>. CIA World Fact Book. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rank+Order+%E2%80%93+Area&rft.pub=CIA+World+Fact+Book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2147rank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Brandt, Edgar (21 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201209211357.html">"Land degradation causes poverty"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Era_(Namibia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Era (Namibia) (halaman belum tersedia)">New Era</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Era&rft.atitle=Land+degradation+causes+poverty&rft.date=2012-09-21&rft.aulast=Brandt&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com%2Fstories%2F201209211357.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elevation-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-elevation_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907062948/http://landsat.usgs.gov/gallery/detail/367/">"Landsat.usgs.gov"</a>. Landsat.usgs.gov. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://landsat.usgs.gov/gallery/detail/367/">versi asli</a> tanggal 7 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Landsat.usgs.gov&rft.pub=Landsat.usgs.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flandsat.usgs.gov%2Fgallery%2Fdetail%2F367%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-at1315-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-at1315_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spriggs, A. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Namibia&rft.pub=geographia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geographia.com%2Fnamibia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090721154939/http://www.nacoma.org.na/Our_Coast/WalkOnOurCoastline.htm">"NACOMA – Namibian Coast Conservation and Management Project"</a>. nacoma.org.na. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nacoma.org.na/Our_Coast/WalkOnOurCoastline.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 21 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NACOMA+%E2%80%93+Namibian+Coast+Conservation+and+Management+Project&rft.pub=nacoma.org.na&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nacoma.org.na%2FOur_Coast%2FWalkOnOurCoastline.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparks-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparks_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Sparks, Donald L. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_african-affairs_1984-10_83_333/page/n40">"Namibia's Coastal and Marine Development Potential"</a>. <i>African Affairs</i>. <b>83</b> (333): 477. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.afraf.a097645">10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097645</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Affairs&rft.atitle=Namibia%27s+Coastal+and+Marine+Development+Potential&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=333&rft.pages=477&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.afraf.a097645&rft.aulast=Sparks&rft.aufirst=Donald+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_african-affairs_1984-10_83_333%2Fpage%2Fn40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Paper and digital Climate Section". Badan Meteorologi Namibia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100906094745/http://www.realnamibia.com/rn_028rainyseason.htm">"The Rainy Season"</a>. Real Namibia. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realnamibia.com/rn_028rainyseason.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rainy+Season&rft.pub=Real+Namibia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realnamibia.com%2Frn_028rainyseason.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EBClimate-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EBClimate_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EBClimate_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EBClimate_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/402283/Namibia/43996">"Namibia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Namibia&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F402283%2FNamibia%2F43996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olszewski1-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olszewski1_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Olszewski, John (13 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513062850/http://www.economist.com.na/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=531:weather&id=14308:climate-change-forces-us-to-recognise-new-normals&Itemid=54">"Climate change forces us to recognise new normals"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia_Economist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namibia Economist (halaman belum tersedia)">Namibia Economist</a></i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com.na/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=531:weather&id=14308:climate-change-forces-us-to-recognise-new-normals&Itemid=54">versi asli</a> tanggal 13 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Namibia+Economist&rft.atitle=Climate+change+forces+us+to+recognise+new+normals&rft.date=2009-05-13&rft.aulast=Olszewski&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com.na%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26catid%3D531%3Aweather%26id%3D14308%3Aclimate-change-forces-us-to-recognise-new-normals%26Itemid%3D54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">AfricaNews (2019-05-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2019/05/06/namibia-declares-national-state-of-emergency-over-drought/">"Namibia declares national state of emergency over drought"</a>. <i>Africanews</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2019-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Africanews&rft.atitle=Namibia+declares+national+state+of+emergency+over+drought&rft.date=2019-05-06&rft.au=AfricaNews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2019%2F05%2F06%2Fnamibia-declares-national-state-of-emergency-over-drought%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Namibian, The. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310104544/https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=193796">"State of drought emergency extended"</a>. <i>The Namibian</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=193796">versi asli</a> tanggal 10 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Namibian&rft.atitle=State+of+drought+emergency+extended&rft.aulast=Namibian&rft.aufirst=The&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.namibian.com.na%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Darchive-read%26id%3D193796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olszewski2-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olszewski2_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Olszewski, John (25 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101207061033/http://www.economist.com.na/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=575&Itemid=54&limitstart=5">"Understanding Weather – not predicting it"</a>. <i>Namibia Economist</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com.na/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=575&Itemid=54&limitstart=5">versi asli</a> tanggal 7 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Namibia+Economist&rft.atitle=Understanding+Weather+%E2%80%93+not+predicting+it&rft.date=2010-06-25&rft.aulast=Olszewski&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com.na%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Dcategory%26layout%3Dblog%26id%3D575%26Itemid%3D54%26limitstart%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Adams, Gerry (15 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220185613/http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/english/2011/04/debilitating-floods-hit-northern-and-central-namibia/">"Debilitating floods hit northern and central Namibia"</a>. United Nations Radio. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/english/2011/04/debilitating-floods-hit-northern-and-central-namibia/">versi asli</a> tanggal 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Debilitating+floods+hit+northern+and+central+Namibia&rft.date=2011-04-15&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Gerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unmultimedia.org%2Fradio%2Fenglish%2F2011%2F04%2Fdebilitating-floods-hit-northern-and-central-namibia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">van den Bosch, Servaas (29 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=79689&no_cache=1">"Heaviest floods ever in Namibia"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Namibian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Namibian (halaman belum tersedia)">The Namibian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Namibian&rft.atitle=Heaviest+floods+ever+in+Namibia&rft.date=2011-03-29&rft.aulast=van+den+Bosch&rft.aufirst=Servaas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.namibian.com.na%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D28%26tx_ttnews%255Btt_news%255D%3D79689%26no_cache%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dual-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dual_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087.pdf">"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>French Politics</i>. <b>3</b> (3): 323–351. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087">10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2016</span>. <q>Dari kasus-kasus kontemporer, hanya empat yang memberikan mayoritas majelis hak tidak terbatas untuk memilih tidak percaya, dan dari kasus-kasus ini, hanya dua yang memungkinkan presiden memiliki wewenang tak terbatas untuk menunjuk perdana menteri. Keduanya, Mozambik dan Namibia, serta Republik Weimar, dengan demikian sangat mirip dengan struktur otoritas yang digambarkan di panel kanan Gambar 3, di mana akuntabilitas ganda kabinet kepada presiden dan majelis dimaksimalkan. (...) Namibia mengizinkan presiden untuk membubarkan <i>[majelis]</i> kapan saja tetapi memberikan insentif negatif baru pada pelaksanaan haknya: Dia harus mencalonkan diri untuk pemilihan baru pada waktu yang sama dengan majelis baru pemilu.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=French+Politics&rft.atitle=Semi-Presidential+Systems%3A+Dual+Executive+And+Mixed+Authority+Patterns&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=323-351&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087&rft.aulast=Shugart&rft.aufirst=Matthew+S%C3%B8berg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fcontent%2Fpdf%2F10.1057%252Fpalgrave.fp.8200087.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CN-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CN_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CN_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100119205953/http://209.88.21.55/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/AboutNamibia/constitution/constitution1.pdf">"Constitution of the Republic of Namibia"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 1992. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://209.88.21.55/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/AboutNamibia/constitution/constitution1.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 19 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+Namibia&rft.date=1992&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F209.88.21.55%2Fopencms%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fgrnnet%2FAboutNamibia%2Fconstitution%2Fconstitution1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120604121733/http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/nam5.htm">"Namibia: Constitution"</a>. <i>EISA</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/nam5.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 4 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EISA&rft.atitle=Namibia%3A+Constitution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eisa.org.za%2FWEP%2Fnam5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pasal 41 Konstitusi Republik Namibia.<sup id="cite_ref-CN_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CN-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECN-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ECN_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014311/http://www.ecn.na/web/ecn/elections">"How to Register as a Voter"</a>. Electoral Commission of Namibia. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecn.na/web/ecn/elections">versi asli</a> tanggal 21 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Register+as+a+Voter&rft.pub=Electoral+Commission+of+Namibia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecn.na%2Fweb%2Fecn%2Felections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bösl-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bösl_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Shivute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Shivute (halaman belum tersedia)">Shivute, Peter</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_15058-544-2-30.pdf">"Foreword"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Dalam Bösl, Anton; Horn, Nico. <i>The Independence of the Judiciary in Namibia</i>. Publications sponsored by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Adenauer_Stiftung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (halaman belum tersedia)">Konrad Adenauer Stiftung</a>. <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Education Namibia</a>. hlm. 10. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-99916-0-807-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-99916-0-807-5">978-99916-0-807-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Foreword&rft.btitle=The+Independence+of+the+Judiciary+in+Namibia&rft.series=Publications+sponsored+by+Konrad+Adenauer+Stiftung&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Macmillan+Education+Namibia&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-99916-0-807-5&rft.aulast=Shivute&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kas.de%2Fwf%2Fdoc%2Fkas_15058-544-2-30.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-parliament153-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-parliament153_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.na/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=153&Itemid=1264">"National Council"</a>. <i>Parliament.gov.na</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament.gov.na&rft.atitle=National+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.gov.na%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D153%26Itemid%3D1264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222946/http://www.swapoparty.org/throw_out_nyamu_motion.html">"SWAPO:Dominant party?"</a>. Swapoparty.org. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swapoparty.org/throw_out_nyamu_motion.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SWAPO%3ADominant+party%3F&rft.pub=Swapoparty.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swapoparty.org%2Fthrow_out_nyamu_motion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080118232105/http://africanhistory.about.com/od/eraindependence/a/CmnWealth.htm">"Africa and the CON"</a>. Africanhistory.about.com. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://africanhistory.about.com/od/eraindependence/a/CmnWealth.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 18 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Africa+and+the+CON&rft.pub=Africanhistory.about.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafricanhistory.about.com%2Fod%2Feraindependence%2Fa%2FCmnWealth.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Marketing, Intouch Interactive (14 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namibiansun.com/news/namibia-ranked-weak-in-military-strength2020-01-14">"Namibia ranked weak in military strength - Government - Namibian Sun"</a>. <i>www.namibiansun.com</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.namibiansun.com&rft.atitle=Namibia+ranked+weak+in+military+strength+-+Government+-+Namibian+Sun&rft.date=2020-01-14&rft.aulast=Marketing&rft.aufirst=Intouch+Interactive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.namibiansun.com%2Fnews%2Fnamibia-ranked-weak-in-military-strength2020-01-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pwc.com/na/en/assets/pdf/2019-budget-tabloid.pdf">"Namibia Budget on a Plate"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>PWC Namibia</i>. 6 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PWC+Namibia&rft.atitle=Namibia+Budget+on+a+Plate&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pwc.com%2Fna%2Fen%2Fassets%2Fpdf%2F2019-budget-tabloid.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Moser, Jana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.icaci.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Moser.pdf">"Border Contracts – Border Conflicts: Examples from Northern Namibia"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Symposium on "Shifting Boundaries": Cartography of the 19th and 20th Centuries. ICA Commission on the History of Cartography</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Symposium+on+%22Shifting+Boundaries%22%3A+Cartography+of+the+19th+and+20th+Centuries.+ICA+Commission+on+the+History+of+Cartography&rft.atitle=Border+Contracts+%E2%80%93+Border+Conflicts%3A+Examples+from+Northern+Namibia&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=Jana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.icaci.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F09%2FMoser.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en">"Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons"</a>. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+XXVI%3A+Disarmament+%E2%80%93+No.+9+Treaty+on+the+Prohibition+of+Nuclear+Weapons&rft.pub=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection&rft.date=2017-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DXXVI-9%26chapter%3D26%26clang%3D_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Nakale, Albertina Haindongo (9 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141022020857/http://www.newera.com.na/articles/53580/President-divides-Kavango-into-two">"President divides Kavango into two"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Era_(Namibia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Era (Namibia) (halaman belum tersedia)">New Era</a></i>. via allafrica.com. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newera.com.na/articles/53580/President-divides-Kavango-into-two">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Era&rft.atitle=President+divides+Kavango+into+two&rft.date=2013-08-09&rft.aulast=Nakale&rft.aufirst=Albertina+Haindongo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newera.com.na%2Farticles%2F53580%2FPresident-divides-Kavango-into-two&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201308090372.html?viewall=1">Alt URL</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipu.org/parline/reports/2226.htm">"Namibia National Council"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Inter-Parliamentary_Union" title="Inter-Parliamentary Union">Inter-Parliamentary Union</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Namibia+National+Council&rft.pub=Inter-Parliamentary+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipu.org%2Fparline%2Freports%2F2226.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alan-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alan_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130610203011/http://www.alan.org.na/?q=localauthorities%2Flist">"Local Authorities"</a>. Association of Local Authorities in Namibia. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alan.org.na/?q=localauthorities/list">versi asli</a> tanggal 10 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Authorities&rft.pub=Association+of+Local+Authorities+in+Namibia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alan.org.na%2F%3Fq%3Dlocalauthorities%2Flist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Intelligence1-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Intelligence1_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/namibia/">Namibia</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Department1-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Department1_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221805/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/namibia.htm">"Namibia"</a>. UCB Libraries GovPubs. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/namibia.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Namibia&rft.pub=UCB+Libraries+GovPubs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fucblibraries.colorado.edu%2Fgovpubs%2Ffor%2Fnamibia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usds-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usds_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5472.htm">"Background Note:Namibia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of State">US Department of State</a>. 26 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+Note%3ANamibia&rft.pub=US+Department+of+State&rft.date=2010-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F5472.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bon.com.na">"Bank of Namibia (BoN)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bank+of+Namibia+%28BoN%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bon.com.na&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Laufs, Johannes (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.1.1825.5600">"Document: Bridging the Economic Divide in Urban Areas of Namibia: Townships within the Local Economic Development Framework"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13140%2FRG.2.1.1825.5600">10.13140/RG.2.1.1825.5600</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Document%3A+Bridging+the+Economic+Divide+in+Urban+Areas+of+Namibia%3A+Townships+within+the+Local+Economic+Development+Framework&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13140%2FRG.2.1.1825.5600&rft.aulast=Laufs&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frgdoi.net%2F10.13140%2FRG.2.1.1825.5600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019214139/http://www.microdata.nsa.org.na/index.php/catalog/9">"Namibia Labour Force Survey 2012"</a>. Namibia Statistics Agency. 9 April 2013. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microdata.nsa.org.na/index.php/catalog/9">versi asli</a> tanggal 19 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Namibia+Labour+Force+Survey+2012&rft.pub=Namibia+Statistics+Agency&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microdata.nsa.org.na%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duddy, Jo-Mare (4 February 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.namibian.com.na/indexx.php?archive_id=62453&page_type=archive_story_detail&page=2592">"Half of all Namibians unemployed"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002115959/http://www.namibian.com.na/indexx.php?archive_id=62453&page_type=archive_story_detail&page=2592">Diarsipkan</a> 2 October 2013 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>The Namibian</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Ndjebela, Toivo (18 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201111180890.html">"Mwinga speaks out on his findings"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Era_(Namibia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Era (Namibia) (halaman belum tersedia)">New Era</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Era&rft.atitle=Mwinga+speaks+out+on+his+findings&rft.date=2011-11-18&rft.aulast=Ndjebela&rft.aufirst=Toivo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com%2Fstories%2F201111180890.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mongudhi, Tileni (3 February 2010 ) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.namibian.com.na/indexx.php?archive_id=62400&page_type=archive_story_detail&page=2597">"Tender Board tightens rules to protect jobs"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002120324/http://www.namibian.com.na/indexx.php?archive_id=62400&page_type=archive_story_detail&page=2597">Diarsipkan</a> 2 October 2013 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>The Namibian</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140220022104/http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/namibia/snapshot.aspx">"Snapshot of Namibia Country Profile"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Snapshot+of+Namibia+Country+Profile&rft.pub=Business+Anti-Corruption+Portal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-anti-corruption.com%2Fcountry-profiles%2Fsub-saharan-africa%2Fnamibia%2Fsnapshot.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926174152/http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/namibia/">"Namibia"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Namibia&rft.pub=Doingbusiness.org&rft.date=2013-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doingbusiness.org%2Fdata%2Fexploreeconomies%2Fnamibia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xpatulator.com/outside.cfm?lid=142">"Namibia, Windhoek Cost of Living"</a>. <i>Apatulator.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apatulator.com&rft.atitle=Namibia%2C+Windhoek+Cost+of+Living&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xpatulator.com%2Foutside.cfm%3Flid%3D142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">PAYE12 Volume 18 published by The Ministry of Finance in Namibia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-World_Almanac_2004-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-World_Almanac_2004_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">World Almanac. 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unpop-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unpop_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf">"Table A.1"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision</i>. 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Jewishvirtuallibrary.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Namibia%3A+Virtual+Jewish+History+Tour&rft.pub=Jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fvjw%2Fnamibia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pütz, Martin (1995) "Official Monolingualism in Africa: A sociolinguistic assessment of linguistic and cultural pluralism in Africa", p. 155 in <i>Discrimination through language in Africa? Perspectives on the Namibian Experience</i>. Mouton de Gruyter. Berlin, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/311014817X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/311014817X">311014817X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kriger-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kriger_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kriger_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kriger, Robert & Ethel (1996). <i>Afrikaans Literature: Recollection, Redefinition, Restitution</i>. Rodopi Bv Editions. hlm. 66–67. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-9042000513" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-9042000513">978-9042000513</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afrikaans+Literature%3A+Recollection%2C+Redefinition%2C+Restitution.&rft.pages=66-67&rft.pub=Rodopi+Bv+Editions&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-9042000513&rft.aulast=Kriger&rft.aufirst=Robert+%26+Ethel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tötemeyer, Andree-Jeanne. <i>Multilingualism and the language policy for Namibian schools.</i> PRAESA Occasional Papers No. 37. University of Cape Town. Cape Town:2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306115415/http://www.gov.na/languages-spoken">"Languages Spoken"</a>. <i>GRN Portal</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Government of Namibia</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.na/languages-spoken">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GRN+Portal&rft.atitle=Languages+Spoken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.na%2Flanguages-spoken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snapshot-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-snapshot_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Duddy, Jo Maré (28 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201303280355.html?page=2">"Census gives snapshot of Namibia's population"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Namibian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Namibian (halaman belum tersedia)">The Namibian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Namibian&rft.atitle=Census+gives+snapshot+of+Namibia%27s+population&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft.aulast=Duddy&rft.aufirst=Jo+Mar%C3%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com%2Fstories%2F201303280355.html%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2011_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002064316/http://www.nsa.org.na/files/downloads/Namibia%202011%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf">"Namibia 2011 – Population and Housing Census Main Report"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Namibia Statistics Agency. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsa.org.na/files/downloads/Namibia%202011%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Namibia+2011+%E2%80%93+Population+and+Housing+Census+Main+Report&rft.pub=Namibia+Statistics+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsa.org.na%2Ffiles%2Fdownloads%2FNamibia%25202011%2520Population%2520and%2520Housing%2520Census%2520Main%2520Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsa-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nsa_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cms.my.na/assets/documents/p19dmn58guram30ttun89rdrp1.pdf">"Table 4.2.2 Urban population by Census years (2001 and 2011)"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Namibia 2011 - Population and Housing Census Main Report</i>. Namibia Statistics Agency. hlm. 40<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Namibia+2011+-+Population+and+Housing+Census+Main+Report&rft.atitle=Table+4.2.2+Urban+population+by+Census+years+%282001+and+2011%29&rft.pages=40&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcms.my.na%2Fassets%2Fdocuments%2Fp19dmn58guram30ttun89rdrp1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sasman, Catherine (15 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121222082932/http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=85817&no_cache=1">"Portuguese to be introduced in schools"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Namibian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Namibian (halaman belum tersedia)">The Namibian</a></i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namibian.com.na/83964/archive-read/Portuguese-to-be-introduced-in-schools">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Namibian&rft.atitle=Portuguese+to+be+introduced+in+schools&rft.date=2011-08-15&rft.aulast=Sasman&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.namibian.com.na%2F83964%2Farchive-read%2FPortuguese-to-be-introduced-in-schools&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rothe-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rothe_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothe_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothe_102-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothe_102-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothe_102-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rothe, Andreas (2010): Media System and News Selection in Namibia. p. 14–96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jobs-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jobs_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kahiurika, Ndanki; Ngutjinazo, Okeri (22 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190122145012/https://www.namibian.com.na/74849/read/40-journalists-lose-jobs-since-2016">"40 journalists lose jobs since 2016"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Namibian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Namibian (halaman belum tersedia)">The Namibian</a></i>. hlm. 6. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namibian.com.na/74849/read/40-journalists-lose-jobs-since-2016">versi asli</a> tanggal 2019-01-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Namibian&rft.atitle=40+journalists+lose+jobs+since+2016&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft.aulast=Kahiurika&rft.aufirst=Ndanki&rft.au=Ngutjinazo%2C+Okeri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.namibian.com.na%2F74849%2Fread%2F40-journalists-lose-jobs-since-2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">von Nahmen, Carsten (2001): Deutschsprachige Medien in Namibia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Links-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Links_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Links, Frederico (2006): <i>We write what we like: The role of independent print media and independent reporting in Namibia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oneafricabackground-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oneafricabackground_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100928202233/http://www.oneafrica.tv/node/2">One Africa Television</a>. oneafrica.tv. 25 May 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101124050702/http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2010%2C1034.html">"Press Freedom Index 2010"</a>. Reporters Without Borders. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2010,1034.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 24 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Freedom+Index+2010&rft.pub=Reporters+Without+Borders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.rsf.org%2Fpress-freedom-index-2010%2C1034.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120128213104/http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=classement&id_rubrique=1001">"Press Freedom Index 2009"</a>. Reporters Without Borders. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=classement&id_rubrique=1001">versi asli</a> tanggal 28 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Freedom+Index+2009&rft.pub=Reporters+Without+Borders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.rsf.org%2Fspip.php%3Fpage%3Dclassement%26id_rubrique%3D1001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140727023534/http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=classement&id_rubrique=1054">"Press Freedom Index 2013"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=classement&id_rubrique=1054">versi asli</a> tanggal 27 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Freedom+Index+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.rsf.org%2Fspip.php%3Fpage%3Dclassement%26id_rubrique%3D1054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140214120404/http://rsf.org/index2014/en-index2014.php">"World Press Freedom Index"</a>. Reporters Without Borders. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/ranking/2014">versi asli</a> tanggal 14 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Press+Freedom+Index&rft.pub=Reporters+Without+Borders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsf.org%2Fen%2Franking%2F2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/namibia">"Namibia: Real freedom but frequent threats | Reporters without borders"</a>. <i>RSF</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RSF&rft.atitle=Namibia%3A+Real+freedom+but+frequent+threats+%26%23124%3B+Reporters+without+borders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsf.org%2Fen%2Fnamibia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-1267897/ireland-vs-namibia-11th-match-first-round-group-a-1273722/match-report">"Wiese, Erasmus the heroes as Namibia qualify for the Super 12s"</a>. <i>ESPNcricinfo</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPNcricinfo&rft.atitle=Wiese%2C+Erasmus+the+heroes+as+Namibia+qualify+for+the+Super+12s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fseries%2Ficc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-1267897%2Fireland-vs-namibia-11th-match-first-round-group-a-1273722%2Fmatch-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCYR-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCYR_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCYR_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Helge Schütz (19 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051115/https://www.namibian.com.na/62702/read/Namibia-Cricket-Year-Review">"Namibia Cricket Year Review"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namibian.com.na/62702/read/Namibia-Cricket-Year-Review">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Namibia+Cricket+Year+Review&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft.au=Helge+Sch%C3%BCtz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.namibian.com.na%2F62702%2Fread%2FNamibia-Cricket-Year-Review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/wc.htm">"IAAF World Championships in Athletics"</a>. <i>www.gbrathletics.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gbrathletics.com&rft.atitle=IAAF+World+Championships+in+Athletics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gbrathletics.com%2Fic%2Fwc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://firstcycling.com/rider.php?r=2421&y=2016">"Dan Craven"</a>. <i>FirstCycling.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FirstCycling.com&rft.atitle=Dan+Craven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffirstcycling.com%2Frider.php%3Fr%3D2421%26y%3D2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_tambahan">Bacaan tambahan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan tambahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan tambahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Karya ilmiah</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Vedder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Vedder (halaman belum tersedia)">Vedder, Heinrich</a> (1997). <i>Das alte Südwestafrika. Südwestafrikas Geschichte bis zum Tode Mahareros 1890</i> [<i>The old South-West Africa. South-West Africa's history until Maharero's death 1890</i>] (dalam bahasa Jerman) (edisi ke-7th). Windhoek: Namibia Scientific Society. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-949995-33-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-949995-33-9">978-0-949995-33-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+alte+S%C3%BCdwestafrika.+S%C3%BCdwestafrikas+Geschichte+bis+zum+Tode+Mahareros+1890&rft.place=Windhoek&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Namibia+Scientific+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-949995-33-9&rft.aulast=Vedder&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Olusoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Olusoga (halaman belum tersedia)">Olusoga, David</a>; Erichsen, Casper W. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kaisersholocaust0000unse"><i>The Kaiser's Holocaust: Germany's Forgotten Genocide</i></a>. London, England: Farber and Farber. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-571-23142-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-571-23142-3">978-0-571-23142-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kaiser%27s+Holocaust%3A+Germany%27s+Forgotten+Genocide&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=Farber+and+Farber&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-571-23142-3&rft.aulast=Olusoga&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Erichsen%2C+Casper+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkaisersholocaust0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Besenyo, Molnar (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217203716/http://knbsz.gov.hu/hu/letoltes/szsz/2013_1_spec.pdf">"UN peacekeeping in Namibia"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Tradecraft Review</i>. Budapest, Hungary: Military National Security Service (2013/1. Special Issue): 93–109. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knbsz.gov.hu/hu/letoltes/szsz/2013_1_spec.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 17 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tradecraft+Review&rft.atitle=UN+peacekeeping+in+Namibia&rft.issue=2013%2F1.+Special+Issue&rft.pages=93-109&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Besenyo&rft.aufirst=Molnar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknbsz.gov.hu%2Fhu%2Fletoltes%2Fszsz%2F2013_1_spec.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ANamibia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Referensi umum</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21093234"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Christy, S. A. (2007). <i>Namibian Travel Photography</i>.</li> <li>Horn, N/Bösl, A (eds.). <i>Human rights and the rule of law in Namibia</i>, Macmillan Namibia, 2008.</li> <li>Horn, N/Bösl, A (eds.). <i>The independence of the judiciary in Namibia</i>, Macmillan Namibia, 2008.</li> <li>KAS Factbook Namibia, Facts and figures about the status and development of Namibia, Ed. Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V.</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Claude_Fritz" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean-Claude Fritz">Fritz, Jean-Claude</a>. <i>La Namibie indépendante. Les coûts d'une décolonisation retardée</i>, Paris: <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Harmattan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Harmattan (halaman belum tersedia)">L'Harmattan</a>, 1991.</li> <li><i>World Almanac</i>. 2004. New York, NY: World Almanac Books.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:3px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:25px;"> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;padding-bottom:5px;"><b>Cari tahu mengenai Namibia pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:</b> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Namibia" title="Cari di Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/21px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/31px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="474" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Namibia" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Namibia">Definisi dan terjemahan</a> dari Wiktionary<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Namibia" title="Cari di Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Namibia" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Namibia">Gambar dan media</a> dari Commons<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Namibia" title="Cari di Wikinews"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/38px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/50px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Namibia" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Namibia">Berita</a> dari Wikinews<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Namibia" title="Cari di Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Namibia" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Namibia">Kutipan</a> dari Wikiquote<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Namibia" title="Cari di Wikisource"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Namibia" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Namibia">Teks sumber</a> dari Wikisource<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Namibia" title="Cari di Wikibuku"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Namibia" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Namibia">Buku</a> dari Wikibuku<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://id.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Namibia" title="Cari di Wikivoyage"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/25px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/50px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://id.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Namibia" class="extiw" title="voy:Special:Search/Namibia">Panduan wisata di Namibia</a> dari Wikivoyage </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/namibia/">Namibia</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221805/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/namibia.htm">Namibia</a> dari <i>UCB Libraries GovPubs</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Regional/Africa/Namibia">Namibia</a> di Curlie (dari <a href="/wiki/DMOZ" title="DMOZ">DMOZ</a>)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/15px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/23px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/30px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Namibia" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Namibia">Peta Namibia di Wikimedia Atlas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=NA">Key Development Forecasts for Namibia</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Futures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Futures (halaman belum tersedia)">International Futures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/2012.12.03-072358/http://www.grnnet.gov.na/">Republic of Namibia</a> Government Portal</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210072855/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-n/namibia.html">Chief of State and Cabinet Members</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grnnet.gov.na/">Situs resmi</a> <a rel="nofollow" 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href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/cd4fadac-d701-3401-8516-420de2cb4e5c">area</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035830">National Archives (US)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RERO_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (identifier)">RERO (Swiss)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000119459">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/ziWXEV4q">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐vgkwn Cached time: 20241123091629 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.222 seconds Real time usage: 1.533 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 14602/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 357734/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 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