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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Territory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Territory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic people from western Senegal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:188px;max-width:188px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Serer Kings</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SererMan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/SererMan.jpg/90px-SererMan.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/SererMan.jpg/135px-SererMan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/SererMan.jpg/180px-SererMan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buur_Sine_Kumba_Ndoffene_Fa_Ndeb_Joof.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Buur_Sine_Kumba_Ndoffene_Fa_Ndeb_Joof.jpg/90px-Buur_Sine_Kumba_Ndoffene_Fa_Ndeb_Joof.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Buur_Sine_Kumba_Ndoffene_Fa_Ndeb_Joof.jpg/135px-Buur_Sine_Kumba_Ndoffene_Fa_Ndeb_Joof.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Buur_Sine_Kumba_Ndoffene_Fa_Ndeb_Joof.jpg/180px-Buur_Sine_Kumba_Ndoffene_Fa_Ndeb_Joof.jpg 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="924" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Serer kings of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sine" title="Kingdom of Sine">Sine</a> (from left to right): <a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Ama_Joof_Gnilane_Faye_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof">Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Kumba_Ndoffene_Fa_Ndeb_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof">Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof</a>.</div></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Serer-Noon</b> also called <b>Noon</b> (sometimes spelt <i>Non</i> or <i>None</i>) are an ethnic people who occupy western <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>. They are part of the <a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer people</a> though they do not speak the <a href="/wiki/Serer-Sine" class="mw-redirect" title="Serer-Sine">Serer-Sine language</a> natively. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territory">Territory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer-Noon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>They are found primarily in Senegal in the region of <a href="/wiki/Thi%C3%A8s" title="Thiès">Thiès</a> in areas like <a href="/wiki/Fand%C3%A8ne" title="Fandène">Fandène</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peykouk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peykouk (page does not exist)">Peykouk</a>, Silman, Diankhène and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dioung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dioung (page does not exist)">Dioung</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sémou_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sémou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as being present in Senegal, they are also found in <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">the Gambia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer-Noon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Thies area alone, their population is 32,900.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Collectively, the Serer people make-up the third largest ethnic group in Senegal.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer-Noon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Serer_history" title="Timeline of Serer history">Timeline of Serer history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serer_ancient_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Serer ancient history">Serer ancient history</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Serer_history_(medieval_era_to_present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serer history (medieval era to present)">Serer history (medieval era to present)</a></div> <p>In his Sketches of Senegal (1853), Abbé Boilat described them as "the most beautiful black people... tall and beautiful posture... who are always well dressed, very strong and independent"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 19th century <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Marabout" title="Marabout">marabout</a> <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihads</a> in <a href="/wiki/Senegambia" title="Senegambia">Senegambia</a>, the Serer-Noon resisted being <a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">islamized</a> and continued to practice their beliefs to present.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1860s, <a href="/wiki/Pinet_Laprade" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinet Laprade">Pinet Laprade</a>, then the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Senegal">French governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, and Captain Vincent described the Serer-Noon men as "fierce and cruel to foreigners" (the <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Sémou_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sémou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They only traded with other Serers through barter and resented the authority of foreigners. Of all the <a href="/wiki/Senegambian" class="mw-redirect" title="Senegambian">Senegambian</a> ethnic groups, the Noons were among the most independent during the colonial period. The Noons also refused to pay taxes to the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> administration of Senegal in the 19th century and launched many wars and massacres against the French.<sup id="cite_ref-Sémou_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sémou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To force the Serer-Noon to pay tax to the French administration in Senegal, sometimes violence was used against them.<sup id="cite_ref-Sémou_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sémou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Noon country, their heads of state were the <a href="/wiki/Lamane" title="Lamane">Lamanes</a>. The Lamanes managed the Noon towns and villages, and each village was an independent republic. The Lamanes in Noon country were the oldest men chosen from particular families. Although these Lamanes should not be confused with the ancient Serer Lamanes (the old powerful kings and landed gentry), the Lamanes in Noon country were very powerful during the colonial period.<sup id="cite_ref-Sémou_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sémou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer-Noon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Serer-Noon are mostly farmers who grow millet, peanuts, cotton etc. They tend to follow <a href="/wiki/Monogamy" title="Monogamy">monogamy</a>. Like many of the Serer group, the Noons rarely marry out.<sup id="cite_ref-Sémou_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sémou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They usually marry among themselves or other groups of the Serer race, but rarely outside the Serer group.<sup id="cite_ref-Sémou_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sémou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noon culture forbids <a href="/wiki/Interracial_marriage" title="Interracial marriage">mix-marriages</a>. Where a young Serer-Noon has left his or her village for more than three months, on their return, they were subjected to prove their sexual purity. The head griot would offer them a beverage that they must drink. If vomit after drinking it, they were found guilty and sentence to <a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">celibacy</a>. This test was just one of many tests carried out by the head griot. The head male griot would test the young man whilst the head female griot would test the young woman.<sup id="cite_ref-Sémou_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sémou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer-Noon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Noon_language" title="Noon language">Noon language</a></div> <p>They speak the <a href="/wiki/Noon_language" title="Noon language">Noon language</a>, which is one of the <a href="/wiki/Cangin_languages" title="Cangin languages">Cangin languages</a> rather than a dialect of the <a href="/wiki/Serer-Sine" class="mw-redirect" title="Serer-Sine">Serer-Sine language</a>. Their language is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Saafi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Saafi language">Saafi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lehar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehar language">Laalaa language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer-Noon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Serer religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serer_creation_myth" title="Serer creation myth">Serer creation myth</a></div> <p>Like many of the Serer group to which they belong, the Noon were very resistant to Islamization, and still adhere to the tenets of <a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Serer religion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fern_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fern-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Serer religion involves cosmology, making offerings to Serer ancestral spirits and saints (i.e. the <i><a href="/wiki/Pangool" title="Pangool">Pangool</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Fern_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fern-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Noon refer to the supreme being as <a href="/wiki/Kokh_Kox" title="Kokh Kox">Kokh Kox</a> (probably derived from the deity <i><a href="/wiki/Koox" class="mw-redirect" title="Koox">Kooh</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Sémou_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sémou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Serer_symbols_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Serer_symbols-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer-Noon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_peoples">Related peoples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer-Noon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Related peoples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Ndut_people" title="Serer-Ndut people">Serer-Ndut people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saafi_people" title="Saafi people">Saafi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niominka_people" title="Niominka people">Niominka people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Laalaa" title="Serer-Laalaa">Serer-Laalaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palor_people" title="Palor people">Palor people</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/32px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/48px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/64px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Senegal" title="Portal:Senegal">Senegal portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/32px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/48px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/64px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Gambia">Gambia portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer-Noon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sémou-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sémou_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sémou_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sémou_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sémou_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sémou_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sémou_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sémou_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sémou_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sémou_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Ndiaye, Ousmane Sémou, "Diversité et unicité sérères : l’exemple de la région de Thiès", Éthiopiques, no 54, vol. 7, 2e semestre 1991 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://ethiopiques.refer.sn/spip.php?page=imprimer-article&id_article=1253">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=senegal">Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Ethnologue.com. Languages of the world. A language of Senegal. 2007 figures</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110901145514/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Senegal">Archived</a> 2011-09-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie (2012)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abbé Boilat, Esquisses Sénégalaises, Paris, Karthala, 1984, p.59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Th Houtsma. First encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936. BRILL, 1993. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-09796-1" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-09796-1">90-04-09796-1</a>. p 224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Segerer" title="Guillaume Segerer">Guillaume Segerer</a> & Florian Lionnet 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://25images.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/player/player.php?id=72&id_sequence=431">"'Isolates' in 'Atlantic'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331180907/http://25images.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/player/player.php?id=72&id_sequence=431">Archived</a> 2012-03-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Language Isolates in Africa</i> workshop, Lyon, Dec. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fern-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fern_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fern_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Lanoye" title="Ferdinand de Lanoye">Ferdinand de Lanoye</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k343789/f38.image.r=r%C3%A9publique-des-nones.langFR">« Voyages et expéditions au Sénégal et dans les contrées voisines »</a>, in <i>Le Tour du monde</i>, vol. 3, 1861, 1er semestre, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thiaw-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Issa_Laye_Thiaw" title="Issa Laye Thiaw">Issa Laye Thiaw</a>. "La Religiosite de Seereer, Avant et pendant leur Islamisation". Ethiopiques no: 54, Revue semestrielle de Culture Négro-Africaine. Nouvelle série, volume 7, 2e Semestre 1991</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gravrand" title="Henry Gravrand">Gravrand, Henry</a>, "La Civilisation Sereer - <i>Pangool</i>", Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal (1990), p 9, 189-216, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7236-1055-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-7236-1055-1">2-7236-1055-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Serer_symbols-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Serer_symbols_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGravrand1973" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gravrand, R. P. Henri (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422023038/http://psychopathologieafricaine.refer.sn/spip.php?article284">"Le symbolisme Serer"</a>. <i>Psychopathologie africaine</i> (in French). <b>IX</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">237–</span>265. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psychopathologieafricaine.refer.sn/spip.php?article284">the original</a> on 2019-04-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopathologie+africaine&rft.atitle=Le+symbolisme+Serer&rft.volume=IX&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E237-%3C%2Fspan%3E265&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Gravrand&rft.aufirst=R.+P.+Henri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpsychopathologieafricaine.refer.sn%2Fspip.php%3Farticle284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerer-Noon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer-Noon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a href="/wiki/Issa_Laye_Thiaw" title="Issa Laye Thiaw">Issa Laye Thiaw</a>. <i>La Religiosite de Seereer, Avant et pendant leur Islamisation.</i> Ethiopiques no: 54, Revue semestrielle de Culture Négro-Africaine. Nouvelle série, volume 7, 2e Semestre 1991</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Gravrand" title="Henry Gravrand">Henry Gravrand</a>. "La Civilisation Sereer" - <a href="/wiki/Pangool" title="Pangool">Pangool</a>, vol. 2. Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal (1990), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7236-1055-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-7236-1055-1">2-7236-1055-1</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Gravrand, Henry, "Le Symbolisme sereer : Mythe du Saas et symboles", « Revue de Psycho-Pathologie » vol. 9 N<sup>o</sup> 2 Dakar (1971) (Published and reviewed under the title "Le symbolisme serer" [in] Psychopath. Afric. 1973, IX, 2, 237-265 [in] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psychopathologieafricaine.refer.sn/spip.php?article284">Psychopathologie africaine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422023038/http://psychopathologieafricaine.refer.sn/spip.php?article284">Archived</a> 2019-04-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) - (Link retrieved : 21 July 2012)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Ndiaye, Ousmane Sémou, "Diversité et unicité Sérères: L'Exemple Le de la Région de Thiès", [in] Ethiopiques n°54, revue semestrielle, de culture négro-africaine, Nouvelle série volume 7., 2e semestre (1991) [2] (French)</li> <li>Senegambian Ethnic Groups: Common Origins and Cultural Affinities Factors and Forces of National Unity, Peace and Stability. By Alhaji Ebou Momar Taal. 2010</li> <li>Gambian Studies No. 17. “People of the Gambia. I. The Wolof with notes on the Serer and Lebou.” By David P. Gamble & Linda K. Salmon with Alhaji Hassan Njie. San Francisco 1985</li> <li>Elisa Daggs. All Africa: All its political entities of independent or other status. Hasting House, 1970. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8038-0336-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8038-0336-2">0-8038-0336-2</a>,</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_reading">External reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer-Noon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Ferdinand de Lanoye, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k343789/f38.image.r=r%C3%A9publique-des-nones.langFR">« Voyages et expéditions au Sénégal et dans les contrées voisines »</a>, in <i>Le Tour du monde</i>, vol. 3, 1861, 1er semestre, p. 35</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> C. Becker, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/jafr_0399-0346_1985_num_55_1_2093">« La représentation des Sereer du nord-ouest dans les sources européennes (XV<sup>e</sup>-XIX<sup>e</sup> siècle) »</a> in <i>Journal des africanistes</i>, 1985, tome 55 fascicule 1-2, p. 165-185</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Ousmane Sémou Ndiaye, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091227043252/http://www.refer.sn/ethiopiques/article.php3?id_article=1253">« Diversité et unicité sérères : l'exemple de la région de Thiès »</a>, in <i>Éthiopiques</i>, n° 54, nouvelle série, volume 7, 2e semestre 1991</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Serer_topics231" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Serer_topics" title="Template:Serer topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Serer_topics" title="Template talk:Serer topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Serer_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Serer topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Serer_topics231" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_people" title="Category:Serer people">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Laalaa" title="Serer-Laalaa">Laalaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Ndut_people" title="Serer-Ndut people">Ndut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niominka_people" title="Niominka people">Niominka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palor_people" title="Palor people">Palor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saafi_people" title="Saafi people">Saafi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seex_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seex people (page does not exist)">Seex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_religion" title="Category:Serer religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cii%C9%97_(Serer_religion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciiɗ (Serer religion) (page does not exist)">Ciiɗ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndut_initiation_rite" title="Ndut initiation rite">Classical Ndut teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_creation_myth" title="Serer creation myth">Creation myth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_Serer_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criticism of Serer religion (page does not exist)">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Serer_festivals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Serer festivals (page does not exist)">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaaniiw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaaniiw (page does not exist)">Jaaniiw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junjung" title="Junjung">Junjung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamane" title="Lamane">Lamane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangool" title="Pangool">Pangool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadax (page does not exist)">Sadax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltigue" title="Saltigue">Saltigue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer_symbolism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serer symbolism (page does not exist)">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Role_of_women_in_Serer_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Role of women in Serer religion (page does not exist)">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xooy" title="Xooy">Xooy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_deities" title="Category:Serer deities">Supreme deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokh_Kox" title="Kokh Kox">Kokh Kox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koox" class="mw-redirect" title="Koox">Koox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kop%C3%A9_Tiatie_Cac" title="Kopé Tiatie Cac">Kopé Tiatie Cac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roog" title="Roog">Roog (main)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumba_Njaay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumba Njaay (page does not exist)">Kumba Njaay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takhar" title="Takhar">Takhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiurakh" title="Tiurakh">Tiurakh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_holy_places" title="Category:Serer holy places">Sacred sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatick" title="Fatick">Fatick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sine_River" title="Sine River">Sine River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sine-Saloum" title="Sine-Saloum">Sine-Saloum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somb" title="Somb">Somb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_Sangomar" title="Point of Sangomar">Point of Sangomar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattaguine" title="Tattaguine">Tattaguine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukar" title="Tukar">Tukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaboyabo" title="Yaboyabo">Yaboyabo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_history" title="Category:Serer history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Godomat" title="Amar Godomat">Amar Godomat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cekeen_Tumuli" title="Cekeen Tumuli">Cekeen Tumuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasso" title="Khasso">Khasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baol" title="Baol">Kingdom of Baol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biffeche" title="Biffeche">Kingdom of Biffeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saloum" title="Saloum">kingdom of Saloum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sine" title="Kingdom of Sine">Kingdom of Sine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_prehistory" title="Serer prehistory">Serer prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_history" title="Serer history">Serer history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_headed_by_Serer_Lamanes" title="States headed by Serer Lamanes">States headed by Serer Lamanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fandane-Thiouthioune" title="Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune">Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Logand%C3%A8me" title="Battle of Logandème">Battle of Logandème</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Serer_history" title="Timeline of Serer history">Timeline of Serer history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_country" title="Category:Serer country">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Gambia" title="Demographics of the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mauritania" title="Demographics of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Senegal" title="Demographics of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer_country&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serer country (page does not exist)">Serer country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_language" title="Category:Serer language">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangin_languages" title="Cangin languages">Cangin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laalaa_language" title="Laalaa language">Lehar/Laalaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndut_language" title="Ndut language">Ndut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noon_language" title="Noon language">Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palor_language" title="Palor language">Palor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safen_language" title="Safen language">Safen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_language" title="Serer language">Serer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birth_in_Serer_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birth in Serer society (page does not exist)">Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiere" title="Thiere">Saadj (or Chere or saay)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_in_Serer_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Death in Serer society (page does not exist)">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance_in_Serer_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inheritance in Serer society (page does not exist)">Inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Serer_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Serer society (page does not exist)">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbalax" title="Mbalax">Mbalax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njuup" title="Njuup">Njuup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabar" title="Sabar">Sabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_drum" title="Talking drum">Tama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tassu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tassu (page does not exist)">Tassu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_wrestling" title="Senegalese wrestling">Njom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_royalty" title="Category:Serer royalty">Royalty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maad" title="Category:Maad">Kings</a> (<i>Maad</i>) and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Lamane" title="Category:Lamane">Lamanes</a> (ancient kings / landowners)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamane_Jegan_Joof" title="Lamane Jegan Joof">Lamane Jegan Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Kumba_Ndoffene_Famak_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof">Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Kumba_Ndoffene_Famak_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof">Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Kumba_Ndoffene_Fa_Ndeb_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof">Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Mahecor_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof">Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Maysa_Wali_Jaxateh_Manneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh">Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Ama_Joof_Gnilane_Faye_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof">Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_Ndaah_Njemeh_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof">Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_Semou_Njekeh_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad Semou Njekeh Joof">Maad Semou Njekeh Joof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lingeer" title="Category:Lingeer">Queens & Queen Mothers</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingeer_Fatim_Beye" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingeer Fatim Beye">Lingeer Fatim Beye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingeer_Ndoye_Demba" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingeer Ndoye Demba">Lingeer Ndoye Demba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingeer_Ngon%C3%A9_Di%C3%A8ye" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingeer Ngoné Dièye">Lingeer Ngoné Dièye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingeer_Selbeh_Ndoffene_Joof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof (page does not exist)">Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_maternal_clans" title="Serer maternal clans">Serer maternal clans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dynasties and<br />royal houses</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_family" title="Faye family">Faye family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelowar" title="Guelowar">Guelowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joof_family" title="Joof family">Joof family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joos_Maternal_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Joos Maternal Dynasty">Joos Maternal Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_House_of_Boureh_Gnilane_Joof" title="The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof">The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_House_of_Jogo_Siga_Joof" title="The Royal House of Jogo Siga Joof">The Royal House of Jogo Siga Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_House_of_Semou_Njekeh_Joof" title="The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof">The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_families" title="Category:Serer families">Families</a> and<br />royal titles</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buumi" title="Buumi">Buumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_family" title="Faye family">Faye family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joof_family" title="Joof family">Joof family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamane" title="Lamane">Lamane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingeer" title="Lingeer">Lingeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loul" title="Loul">Loul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad" title="Maad">Maad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_Saloum" title="Maad Saloum">Maad Saloum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig" title="Maad a Sinig">Maad a Sinig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngum_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngum family (page does not exist)">Ngum family</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Njie_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Njie family (page does not exist)">Njie family</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarr_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarr family (page does not exist)">Sarr family</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sene_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sene family (page does not exist)">Sene family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teigne" title="Teigne">Teigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thilas" title="Thilas">Thilas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jola_people" title="Jola people">Jola people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebu_people" title="Lebu people">Lebu people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toucouleur_people" title="Toucouleur people">Toucouleur people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolof_people" title="Wolof people">Wolof people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_the_Gambia179" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Gambia" title="Template:Ethnic groups in the Gambia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Gambia" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in the Gambia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Gambia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in the Gambia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_the_Gambia179" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in the Gambia">Ethnic groups in the Gambia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aku_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aku people">Aku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bainuk_people" title="Bainuk people">Bainuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanta_people" title="Balanta people">Balanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassari_people" title="Bassari people">Bassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biafada_people" title="Biafada people">Biafada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakhanke_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakhanke people">Jakhanke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jola_people" title="Jola people">Jola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjak_people" title="Manjak people">Manjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankanya_people" title="Mankanya people">Mankanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Laalaa" title="Serer-Laalaa">Laalaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Ndut_people" title="Serer-Ndut people">Ndut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niominka_people" title="Niominka people">Niominka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palor_people" title="Palor people">Palor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saafi_people" title="Saafi people">Saafi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soninke_people" title="Soninke people">Soninke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolof_people" title="Wolof people">Wolof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/16px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/24px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/32px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_Gambia" title="Portal:The Gambia">The Gambia portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Senegal28" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Senegal" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Senegal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Senegal" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Senegal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Senegal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Senegal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Senegal28" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Senegal" title="Ethnic groups in Senegal">Ethnic groups in Senegal</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bainuk_people" title="Bainuk people">Bainuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanta_people" title="Balanta people">Balanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassari_people" title="Bassari people">Bassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedick_people" title="Bedick people">Bedick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biafada_people" title="Biafada people">Biafada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyula_people" title="Dyula people">Dyula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakhanke_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakhanke people">Jakhanke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jola_people" title="Jola people">Jola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoninka_people" title="Karoninka people">Karoninka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyagui_people" title="Konyagui people">Konyagui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebu_people" title="Lebu people">Lebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjak_people" title="Manjak people">Manjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankanya_people" title="Mankanya people">Mankanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papel_people" title="Papel people">Papel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Laalaa" title="Serer-Laalaa">Laalaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Ndut_people" title="Serer-Ndut people">Ndut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niominka_people" title="Niominka people">Niominka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palor_people" title="Palor people">Palor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saafi_people" title="Saafi people">Saafi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soninke_people" title="Soninke people">Soninke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susu_people" title="Susu people">Susu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toucouleur_people" title="Toucouleur people">Toucouleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolof_people" title="Wolof people">Wolof</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_Senegal69" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_Senegal" title="Template:Immigration to Senegal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_Senegal" title="Template talk:Immigration to Senegal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_Senegal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to Senegal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_Senegal69" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Senegal#Net_migration_rate" title="Demographics of Senegal">Immigration to Senegal</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdeans_in_Senegal" title="Cape Verdeans in Senegal">Cape Verdeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Senegal" title="Chinese people in Senegal">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_people_in_Senegal" title="French people in Senegal">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people_in_Senegal" title="Lebanese people in Senegal">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanians_in_Senegal" title="Mauritanians in Senegal">Mauritanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_community_in_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese community in Senegal">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serer-Noon&oldid=1247300948">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serer-Noon&oldid=1247300948</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_people" 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