CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135787beec2fd98',cH: 'g2N1hCJyLuwjC2qIynpbWeJLnHR_v4M01.xDFooCBC8-1739792091-1.2.1.1-un54c98QcIAF2g9kB6kZN_2ehPKSL_UemG52yZpTiYsv_QkhroM.IiidcsOJwiu3',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/127232\/the-vertex-degree-distance-of-one-vertex-union-of-the-cycle-and-the-star?__cf_chl_tk=W9Bv9ES_4Wrqqw58sHq0mVA5h_D3B.cKLyMjtefH6_E-1739792091-1.0.1.1-eG8sASSqWdZDGFISCZxaPmsTeKYfGU8_HDbyVxp.AKo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792091',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/127232\/the-vertex-degree-distance-of-one-vertex-union-of-the-cycle-and-the-star?__cf_chl_f_tk=W9Bv9ES_4Wrqqw58sHq0mVA5h_D3B.cKLyMjtefH6_E-1739792091-1.0.1.1-eG8sASSqWdZDGFISCZxaPmsTeKYfGU8_HDbyVxp.AKo",md: "RFRM4fjnNl2QInAWtq8Go.88l4yfnjpxAYnEoGqiVr4-1739792091-1.2.1.1-g97_lZb10Co4908JPf1THR.OEds5qBf0OdTSlPLad.vqpPuAaM5nC3L71Y40Q7uKcTv4iMy4a5CBMfypmOpd2AElaSvwDvOgLRpECGBN1tRVQe3GQbCVmLd6.Mh6JtsIU1vZ5C3fgOJ1YVI7hmzUR3Nqa7JiLOmdUSc5cY1Wkbcan1cD9y_mpI5VsMyhPhJCb_70I9zGX7bKKz0.N5Y.qKzKRRfBU72hrP56tNt55odG1dc0ZO06ebqMWSQbhLiyyXCFZnh1AFpPuPDsl_lGaXRkpyqjKkz9LzkB1SHFisSPLUCvoHrRjyCa_qKhezCetmW11czOaNfqawGB5DZRRq7.hML8YQytbd6kZDLl9oS2yy2ltInYBlX1v9tQKstn1hYZ5co2wVkvHO.HEzqbztm90s8U3SxwU0bi8YJ3RA66ad7_ju2Ii9MHj2GwSBaE8zs1HRhtOkijBLM.q2BRIdzWqo18TnlXW3SoQInwVChSH1HqRKcj_4RyM4FSZYkvymRlOgTjbGApuI9NdPfxWd77lpzz9HtuZdtMrEVTETZyKtPTah5cLSvcM_jyryNd4BeVA4RoLXO.XCWm98Y5UskQiIpILSG9tsXpyP5Rm6FzNX6c7dIZzCEwQGVpiviyGLVFviJnVX0Sp_BK6DAtUSnz_IXC.pjjBbHb8J2WOHMuHNXL5KZ7UROSa48mbRwiU1VQw38GeUFjG75YcHAapi6WgjnTFT5E_zVA6ExGAf6Cjzxsk6Xpme8SKXIPpPMFSflFsFS4Hft5EPenLq68rvQn.vrPtFgIRrPLqivK_xS44DE5SjnMn.2uwP5Cs21wYfhooQlMP55iMOujm9miqVcDp_S9QI6lb5bFfJJ3lxqX5gU1JDfG3RZ_nynvvUVGO_1eK44XfLE5LfVXFjpaUzN.hywVfZWlKucdEQYV8Rll6jNS10D1logABAOokIMLHfDZiY0KJL0ZK57oyuvncofw2NSVWrMAD1LIyHYx.jLgeSEMwLyH15E6l7xEphaIi3Z.PW4DV6R25yKJMrRmc.JyAVk8PGDhx6D9cfGSTCF2860VAMNifRDBGJepVacd6l6tRDEMfL3Pf6Ber11g9QscZlHCpy3KNVYiOnLVYzcy8uQfsI6q7aTK5wCSldfb9efBakI5mJ7dN54AAvH_vMelM2rlLYlJpIxSnxl6H5HnA1gr8YRMEsN3KKanvPR0NohNE_g46Ju0g4lXmGP_JRpFT1sf_IExulmYaCYpqaJG5YNfxyDjVdtqifsf0aAehhekZ4pdrpIe09oclaGttLFVSIPvQ7cLGPNMcT6KXjNAZV1lyiiBUBFUOA1d3WRCYo1C7Y56cxKr2YaEcoxAGJUABR3mZIBODAYqXpSt5qJeDH2t7nFF5UDypbSc8fyuIMDkRQzPR1O.gkQ_4wOQIN7LYq4r5l0hyf8uuJXUjaWPNR.of8Zyz.wvTcnG9pcxmV8XxqemWQxVSWpOS.Ojc3XQRmm1BFnK2Zv0OepBWGOHqoqHBaF5bJI7lbJZpc9hH3P3tPGMvB0FcaEklkdXeedyosYhdDwsIgIDzuI1mjXP530sIcav.9sB8KK_JoStrpdveT5NZhRucOFRuGIl0TJsfFWGpDkZbsfKtir77WZq636wxIfTHnv5T.L495qztKo67jyoJXUr0UN1Xznm8hMszlHeRlxkTMenM2C8cdCfJJZqnHpGpR.Xe7q7dNlNCeU5aEmKxICW2ELNbID9F1NbFP43yhdc34tJLon38Qgbfb.P3A1YCVbb6_BULsYjmF0nh6MKqkKtn.7M2l1Jdd.X6daEtHI2_nmv.6UngEAzuoKVzHmGa4b6X0JgdSdzZEzoftuDy0jEVwF5NaQaQf9GYuDDNa2c2bcHGgTAX0q4SNG.EXECfAHPE3LaXLlm4Wy0Ah0YGSwqIn8YEr14f.llGN.Mz6rwb9mMVwzNXzm3qlHJWGxRwuLUbDFUs1Lj1x6Slf8x6f1g1W2NPz2Ds..zAp1aY7YWodHN8ElAKz1xwYSTluLXv1zF4j2WIKa0Dkgq5ys5qc3MfadE37MJpRlYBliBfvCQ4HjeB9nGS42HINbGTT5liDWVNMejVD2h",mdrd: "_pFallk8dyFMSOY0w.5Jqj7iGuoc86yHbDFwyjKHB80-1739792091-1.2.1.1-6BthxNiODL5y_S8w.a4ZBzq5WrlGW_jSqvvI1azgwUW_SD4nY2Ne55cLjO2S8a4a.miJzwk5lc3yqVC_Rlh2NifyPI6lJJgIjWJlBjV2Y.ESBawe4aKjA3os0UbsDCjRGIKkx5urQ4GenKvvrJL7P9E6p2AQJM9LffV02KrElfxEmdXANVk5H1dp2GdtnQYNZIVgptW95Ycs6JkLz0luPlRMwVxQo6GZL4YSFwhwKeJ8Ybl4FpfxDuFyxXHrzQoWyCtAZnGBww17ecCWp_fi9Gwdnt64jzFCNc._kMXJMpCxqDlCsAj4mVtPzguIIqVIvF.FcWQOwYm_LWM9DUhXjG73pEK1n0xb6aGUICPI5R4jmU0Vm4c9Kfc6fcJEWPdXusnvWDV8zhEn9XACgrIrh.Wwo_m6G19BQD_UD14YWBc5FGcfsBnmVSRHztkObgJRKbTMRXNyRkA5cChDH73fl48JIZ4DfBmNsh3Rn4rVGkt7zoWkxi3l3khNmaU1YDdKYxaXNF62J8gNejO6IAgIMx6kf0mAAvTrLeWpaKXemerYLINucpB4EA0cfU5dOiryQdAoMTIGvpeB_q.P4t8nQtJzXXAr2Qnpf6Uy.h60g.uGg1YAsXRrJNG.dDSPKWYEX.U7rGEaMsQo5JK0lazUEApw0BhEtvpBvFcGhJmFMf08oRWAn2gIgbSp96hs.fDTJ.yvNvqrbA2UbVqrNxkNlLSVMwWrLc.wBuqqLlhnypnbGR50OBgfj2ab43n8R_4nZhtoVDcwuQ.CDRJ80H1s3tYBbvqVrtN86qSitmPpjbPz8vHRPnAYvg5CcXTEcHXLiRXJTAD0PHaIjIp8kLWoGFvGSO5rX.d1pGQpjLWReB4PMvyE5dVMnesYB.QBmSrOf6kLON6sd5yye.mAz_FCl0b.muvL.pIKt8SaEJHoJlCPlFD0vslOIzG.J.h5PCdwJKcyO3S9ZSHeQJuD4r3jVbgBOlKnjoo1XTRIK.qlyVxDa.uvEIyfdEPfjOaL0aEXZvTR183ZjktLDe_Rir8xGTYUWnoI79t7GQwjZBSIr7PfS4D4M4ov.ERVxU.r_E05pxoQSiTI_8bGot8kFDXKNG.b5gkyMkWUVGyJEyKKwRS0StrnWqvncUsd.Wg4DGV91c9Ki.Odw5ZBu1hVxgtYp8KnJYpzJrsYPPdwQUU4cuIX_BIMMA05NpskQcwdrefgpzJ5QRDq677Q_4.DDagkR8QT0oK.H4Jgk8RAn_HKR2mkoqjIjYP9FC1eY4K94l7zbYCur0nM91RdH4ygsMtpEZuQh71KFP4qcH16mIp.Br5poL48SiXDaKwH8P7sVKSzROFnhtXg9aibwwcBjL9Ma2IHIyHxABSkuD82pOdGD27fgkpi8ddy1cIMHm5N5jZAzfKZPgSPbsqyAm68sVL.nl.zTsPOBekuVWMLuiXb7x5kUxuyNE_XEUEKPuTDp0DXUGgEQtNaCMBa1Ie8D3goE2_sqJKoRJdA2ZGICtf9TRISaZ4L20gpl_CI86rwepoS8z.8phsDqq.YDIvGeXLs.adZ4.6008SVF4UjhkIO3zMRa2qA6237t4vm3szFZ7BZva1hK9ZdUktGVTXgmyJrw1f9_._CYTzcMZsUkxGk_dC_fyTzQuui9gg.F23z5pMhniaqX.Tyr2Yzd9dr2YOh6T.rT2DLSyDfcSMZdS7vEuT3a3u4dF6VIlr8r_nDgUmk1t.t74o2ariKoAK7SHEV0vIp2nvC32q2BxS8lzhx2rDUzZIyFa6ScGao9kP4vY1cIsUbK_U.TCkircr37XgSKQEhfPZ2qD_B5Y_1UWP6neZBVKH.Tsd8TVVfnZ9k74nCkY0qRMRo27p8TRijhhFPvtozJofxxdxVMY1IwFk4wDoC8hU5UVxdrT69uHpnJpPPFjRewFxOocQ2Xk8c1wzN4ms2WMdi7zS83ZXO9EjuvIRCOX1MQm_99MpUTuS9wyLM"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135787beec2fd98';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/127232\/the-vertex-degree-distance-of-one-vertex-union-of-the-cycle-and-the-star?__cf_chl_rt_tk=W9Bv9ES_4Wrqqw58sHq0mVA5h_D3B.cKLyMjtefH6_E-1739792091-1.0.1.1-eG8sASSqWdZDGFISCZxaPmsTeKYfGU8_HDbyVxp.AKo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>