CINXE.COM

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class="post_author_name">Michael Simon</span> <div class="investor"> محرر تقني </div> <ul> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.linkedin.com/in/mikesimon8888/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img width="18" height="18" src="https://www.techopedia.com/ar/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/linkedin.svg" class="skiplazy"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="author-right"> <p>مايكل هو محرر محتوى تقني في Techopedia، وهو متحمس لتقديم محتوى تقني عالي الجودة عبر الإنترنت وضمان دقة الأدلة التي نقدمها. يتمتع مايكل بخبرة تزيد…</p> <div class="bio-right"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/ar/author/armichaelsimon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">جميع المقالات من تأليف <strong>Michael Simon</strong></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="author_sec2"> <div class="custom_author_info"> <div class="name_author_out"></div> </div> </div> <div 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.reddit.com/submit?url%3Dhttps://www.techopedia.com/ar/definition/vpn-connection" target="_blank"> <img width="16" height="17" class="social-sharing-icon " src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2016%2017'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/ar/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/Sharereddit.svg"> <noscript> <img width="16" height="17" class="social-sharing-icon " src="https://www.techopedia.com/ar/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/Sharereddit.svg" alt=""> </noscript><span>Reddit</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div class="post-inner thin "> <div class="entry-content"> <p> </p> <p><b>ما هو اتصال VPN؟</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">يجب على كافة الشركات المهتمة بالأمن السيبراني معرفة </span><b>ما هو اتصال VPN</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> وما </span><b>هو دور الشبكات الافتراضية الخاصة (VPNs) في إستراتيجيات الأمن السيبراني</b><span style="font-weight: 400">؛ خاصّةً وأن انتهاك البيانات يمكنه تدمير سمعة الشركة. ومن الضروري فهم </span><b>آلية عمل اتصال VPN</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> لحماية المعلومات الحساسة من التهديدات، وسنشرح في هذا الدليل كيفية قيام </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/vpn/best-vpn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400">خدمات VPN</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400"> الشهيرة باستخدام هذه الاتصالات لحماية بياناتكم.</span></p> <p><b>موقع Techopedia يقدم تعريف اتصال VPN وآلية عمله </b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">تعمل </span><b>الشبكة الافتراضية الخاصّة (VPN)</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> كجسرٍ بين الأجهزة والإنترنت يؤمّن سبيلاً آمناً وسرياً لنقل البيانات.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">ويُعتبر مفهوم</span><b> اتصال VPN</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> -باستخدام </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/definition/vpn-tunnel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400">نفق VPN</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400">– أساسياً في تقنية الـ VPN، ويشير إلى طريقة إرسال البيانات بأمانٍ بين الشبكات، حيث يقوم اتصال VPN بضغط حزم البيانات ضمن حزم أخرى قبل إرسالها عبر الإنترنت.</span></p> <p><b>التشفير هو حجر الأساس في أمن VPN</b></p> <p><b>تقوم عملية التشفير بتحويل المعلومات والبيانات إلى شيفرة بهدف منع الوصول غير المصرّح إليها، </b><span style="font-weight: 400">حيث يقوم التشفير ضمن اتصال VPN بجعل البيانات المنقولة بين جهازكم و</span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/definition/30750/vpn-server?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400">مخدم VPN</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400"> غير قابلةٍ للقراءة في حال تم اعتراضها.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">خطوات </span><b>عملية التشفير</b><span style="font-weight: 400">:</span></p> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">عند </span><b>الاتصال بمخدم VPN</b><span style="font-weight: 400">؛ يبدأ برنامج VPN على جهازكم اتصالاً آمناً. </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">يقوم جهازكم ومخدم VPN </span><b>بتبادل مفاتيح التشفير</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> لتحديد طريقة تشفير وفك تشفير البيانات.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">يتم </span><b>تشفير البيانات -وفق معيار التشفير المتفق عليه-</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> عند إرسالها من جهازكم وقبل دخولها نفق VPN.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">عندما تصل البيانات إلى مخدم VPN؛ </span><b>يتم فك تشفيرها وإرسالها إلى الوجهة المطلوبة</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> سواء كانت موقع ويب أو أحد الخدمات الرقمية.</span></li> </ol> <p><b>بروتوكولات VPN: المسارات المختلفة لإرسال بياناتكم</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">هاتف محمول وحاسب محمول يعرضان اتصالهما عبر تطبيق VPN</span></p> <p><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/vpn/best-vpn-protocol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400">بروتوكولات VPN</span></a> <b>هي مجموعات قواعد موحّدةٍ </b><span style="font-weight: 400">تُحدّد بالتفصيل طريقة تشفير البيانات والتحقق منها ونقلها عبر اتصال VPN ليتمكن طرفا الاتصال من العمل سوية.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">سيؤثر بروتوكول VPN المختار على </span><b>أمن وموثوقية وسرعة اتصال VPN،</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> وهناك عدّة بروتوكولاتٍ شهيرة من بينها:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">بروتوكول</span> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://openvpn.net/" target="_blank"><b>OpenVPN</b></a><b>:</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> بروتوكول مفتوح المصدر يوفر كلاً من السرعة والأمان.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">بروتوكول </span><b>IKEv2/IPsec: </b><span style="font-weight: 400">يُعرف بأمنه واستقراره العاليين وتحديداً على الأجهزة المحمولة التي تنتقل بين الشبكات الخلوية واللاسلكية.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">بروتوكول</span><span style="font-weight: 400">  </span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wireguard.com/" target="_blank"><b>WireGuard</b></a><b>:</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> بروتوكول جديدٌ يتكرّر الثناء على بساطته وأدائه العالي.</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">يملك كل بروتوكولٍ طريقةً خاصّةً </span><b>للتعامل مع التشفير والمصادقة ونقل حزم البيانات،</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> ما يؤثر على تجربة استخدام اتصال VPN، ويعتمد اختيار البروتوكول المناسب على احتياجاتكم ورغباتكم مثل السرعة ودرجة الأمن. هناك أيضاً بروتوكولات الشبكة القديمة مثل </span><b>بروتوكول الاتصال النفقي من نقطة لنقطة (PPTP)</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> و</span><b>بروتوكول نفق الطبقة الثانية (L2TP)</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> التي تُستخدم بشكلٍ محدود اليوم وتُعتبر أقل أماناً من الخيارات الحديثة.</span></p> <p><b>كيف يساهم اتصال VPN في حمايتكم؟</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">يقوم اتصال VPN بحماية كافة أنشطتكم على الانترنت من خلال </span><b>إنشاء نفقٍ مشفر لنقل البيانات</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> ويتمتع بميزتين رئيسيتين:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400"><b>الخصوصية: </b><span style="font-weight: 400">لا يمكن للكيانات الخارجية -مثل مزوّدي خدمات الإنترنت ومعترضي البيانات- تمييز محتوى البيانات بسهولةٍ نظراً لتغليفها.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><b>الأمن: </b><span style="font-weight: 400">يتم تشفير البيانات المُغلفة؛ أي لا يمكن ترجمتها في حال اعتراضها دون امتلاك مفتاح التشفير الملائم.</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">عند تفعيل اتصال VPN، يقوم جهازكم بالتواصل مع مخدم VPN بوساطة </span><b>إشاراتٍ مشفرة</b><span style="font-weight: 400">، ويتم تنفيذ هذا التشفير عن طريق البروتوكولات -مثل </span><b>OpenVPN أو IKEv2</b><span style="font-weight: 400">– التي تستخدم خوارزميات تشفير متطوّرة؛ حيث يمثل معيار التشفير المتقدم (AES) مع مفتاح 256 بت (يعرف أيضاً باسم </span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://engineering.purdue.edu/kak/compsec/NewLectures/Lecture8.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400">AES-256</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400">) المعيار الذهبي للتشفير ويُعتبر </span><b>غير قابلٍ للاختراق نظرياً وفقاً للقدرات الحاسوبية المتوفرة حالياً</b><span style="font-weight: 400">.</span></p> <p><b>الخلاصة</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">يقوم </span><b>اتصال VPN</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> بإنشاء نفقٍ يغلف البيانات عند نقلها عبر الإنترنت؛ حيث يقوم </span><b>بتشفيرها</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> و</span><b>إخفاء عنوان IP الخاص بكم</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> ليضمن لكم وجوداً آمناً على الإنترنت مع الحفاظ على سرية معلوماتكم.</span></p> <p><b>أسئلة متكرّرة حول اتصال VPN</b></p> <p><b>هل يؤثر اتصال VPN على سرعة الإنترنت؟</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">يمكن أن يؤثر اتصال VPN على سرعة الإنترنت بسبب إضافة التشفير ومسافة الوصول إلى مخدم VPN، ولكنّ هذا الأثر محدودٌ عموماً ويمكن تقليصه باختيار مخدمٍ قريب أو بروتوكول مخصّصٍ للاتصال السريع.</span></p> <p><b>هل توجد قيود أو عوائق عند استخدام اتصال VPN؟</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">يخضع استخدام الشبكات الخاصة الافتراضية للقوانين التنظيمية أو حتى الحظر في بعض البلدان، كما تملك بعض الخدمات على الإنترنت أدواتٍ لكشف اتصال VPN وحظره.</span></p> <p><b>كيف نضمن أن اتصال VPN مشفر وآمن؟</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">يمكنكم استخدام مزوّد VPN معروف ويوظف معاييرَ تشفيريةً قويةً (مثل AES-256) لضمان أمان اتصال VPN، ويجب الاطلاع على سياسات خصوصية الـ VPN  للتأكد من عدم تسجيلها للبيانات، واختيار بروتوكول معروفٍ بأمانه مثل OpenVPN أو WireGuard.</span></p> <p><b>المراجع</b></p> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://openvpn.net/" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400">الصفحة الرئيسية لموقع OpenVPN (OpenVPN)</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400"> </span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wireguard.com/" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400">الصفحة الرئيسية لموقع WireGuard (WireGuard)</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://engineering.purdue.edu/kak/compsec/NewLectures/Lecture8.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400"> معيار التشفير المتقدم (AES)، جامعة بيرديو  (Purdue University)</span></a></li> </ol> <p> </p> <p><b>المنهجية التحريرية في Techopedia</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">نعمل في Techopedia على تقديم محتوى دقيق وموضوعي بناءً على </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/about/editorial-policy/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400">سياسة تحريرية</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400"> تعتمد عملية بحث احترافية تلتزم بأعلى المعايير للمصادر المستخدمة، وتخضع كل صفحة لعملية تدقيق ومراجعة شاملة من فريقنا الذي يضمّ مجموعةً من أفضل الخبراء التقنيين واللغويين. يضمن التزامنا بتطبيق هذه المنهجية الدقيقة تقديم محتوى مفيدٍ وذي مصداقية وقيمة عالية لقرائنا.</span></p> <p> </p> </div> </div> <div class="article-related-sec"> </div> <div class="article-questions"> <ul class="related_question"> </ul> </div> <div class="tech-dictionary-sec"> <div class="tech-term-img"><img width="172" height="37" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20172%2037'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://www.techopedia.com/ar/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/02/tech-term.svg"> <noscript> <img width="172" height="37" src="https://www.techopedia.com/ar/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/02/tech-term.svg" alt=""> </noscript> </div> <div class="dictionary-search"> <form action="https://www.techopedia.com/ar" method="get"><input name="s" value="" class="form-control 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