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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art_and_Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_and_Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Art and Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_and_Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 132 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-132" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">132 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1116 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1116 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B6_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۱۱۶ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۱۱۶ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC" title="১১১৬ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১১১৬" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116_n%C3%AE" title="1116 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1116 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116." title="1116. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1116." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B6_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۱۱۶ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۱۱۶ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116%E5%B9%B4" title="1116年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1116年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116%EB%85%84" title="1116년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1116년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC" title="१११६ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१११६" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116." title="1116. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1116." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC" title="মারি ১১১৬ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১১১৬" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1116-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1116-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1116 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1116 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1116 (almanak jilyen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1116 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116_%D0%B8" title="1116 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1116 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116._gads" title="1116. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1116. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116_m." title="1116 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1116 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC" title="इ.स. १११६ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १११६" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B6" title="۱۱۱۶ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۱۱۶" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1116 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1116 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC" title="सन् १११६ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १११६" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116%E5%B9%B4" title="1116年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1116年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AC" title="୧୧୧୬ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୧୧୬" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC" title="१११६ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१११६" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1116 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1116 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC" title="१११६ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१११६" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116%D8%B9" title="1116ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1116ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A1%D9%A1%D9%A6" title="١١١٦ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١١١٦" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1116 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1116 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1659" title="พ.ศ. 1659 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1659" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1116" title="Соли 1116 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1116" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116%D8%A1" title="1116ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1116ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116%E5%B9%B4" title="1116年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1116年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116%E5%B9%B4" title="1116年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1116年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1116" title="1116 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1116" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1090s" title="1090s">1090s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1100s_(decade)" title="1100s (decade)">1100s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1110s" title="1110s">1110s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1120s" title="1120s">1120s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1130s" title="1130s">1130s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1113" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1113">1113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1114" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1114">1114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1115" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1115">1115</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1116" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1116">1116</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1117" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1117">1117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1118" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1118">1118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1119" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1119">1119</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1116" title="Category:1116">1116 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_in_1116&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of sovereign states in 1116 (page does not exist)">Political entities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1116" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1116">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_12th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 12th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1116_births" title="Category:1116 births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1116_deaths" title="Category:1116 deaths">Deaths</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1116_establishments" title="Category:1116 establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1116_disestablishments" title="Category:1116 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Art and literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/1116_in_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="1116 in poetry">1116 in poetry</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1116 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1116<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCXVI</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>1869</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>565<br />ԹՎ ՇԿԵ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>5866</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1037–1038</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>523</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2066</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>16 <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Hen. 1</a> – 17 <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Hen. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>1660</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>478</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>6624–6625</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">乙未</a>年 (Wood <a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br />3813 or 3606<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />丙申年 (Fire <a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />3814 or 3607</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>832–833</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2282</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1108–1109</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>4876–4877</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1172–1173</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1037–1038</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4216–4217</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11116</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>116–117</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>494–495</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>509–510</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Eiky%C5%AB" title="Eikyū">Eikyū</a> 4<br />(永久４年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1021–1022</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>1116<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCXVI</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>3449</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>796 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前796年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>−352</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid era</a></td><td>1427/1428 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Graecorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Graecorum">AG</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>1658–1659</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴木羊年<br />(female Wood-<a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br />1242 or 861 or 89<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阳火猴年<br />(male Fire-<a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />1243 or 862 or 90</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theresa_of_Portugal_(1080-1130)_mini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Theresa_of_Portugal_%281080-1130%29_mini.jpg/300px-Theresa_of_Portugal_%281080-1130%29_mini.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="629" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Theresa_of_Portugal_%281080-1130%29_mini.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>Queen <a href="/wiki/Theresa,_Countess_of_Portugal" title="Theresa, Countess of Portugal">Theresa</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a> (1080–1130)</figcaption></figure> <p>Year <b>1116</b> (<b><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCXVI</a></b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year_starting_on_Saturday" title="Leap year starting on Saturday">leap year starting on Saturday</a> (link will display the full calendar) of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1116&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_place">By place</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1116&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Byzantine_Empire">Byzantine Empire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1116&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Autumn – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Philomelion" title="Battle of Philomelion">Battle of Philomelion</a>: Emperor <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I</a> (<b>Komnenos</b>) leads an expedition into <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> and meets the <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq dynasty">Seljuk</a> army under Sultan <a href="/wiki/Malik_Shah_(R%C3%BBm)" title="Malik Shah (Rûm)">Malik Shah</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Ak%C5%9Fehir" title="Akşehir">Philomelium</a>). The Byzantines introduce a new battle formation of Alexios' devising, the <i>parataxis</i> (a defensive formation, consisting of a hollow square, with the baggage in the centre). During the battle, the Seljuk Turks mount several attacks on the formations, but all are repulsed. The Byzantine cavalry makes two counterattacks; the first is unsuccessful. But a second attack, led by <a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Bryennios_the_Younger" title="Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger">Nikephoros Bryennios</a> (<b>the Younger</b>), breaks the Seljuk forces, who then turn to flight. The following day Malik Shah again attacks, his army completely surrounding the Byzantines from all sides. The Seljuk Turks are once more repulsed, with many losses. Alexios claims the victory, and Malik Shah is forced to accept a peace treaty, in which he promises to respect the frontiers of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Levant">Levant</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1116&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Summer – The Crusaders under King <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin I of Jerusalem</a> undertake an expedition to <a href="/wiki/Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Egypt in the Middle Ages">Egypt</a> and march as far as <a href="/wiki/Aqaba" title="Aqaba">Akaba</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>. After the local inhabitants flee from the town, Baldwin constructs castles in Akaba and on a nearby island. He leaves a garrison in both fortresses. The three Crusader strongholds – <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_(castle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal (castle)">Montréal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_Island" title="Pharaoh's Island">Graye</a> – secure the control of the caravan routes between <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Autumn – Baldwin I hastens to <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>) and begins the construction of a new fortress, known as <a href="/wiki/Scandelion_Castle" title="Scandelion Castle">Scandelion Castle</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Ladder_of_the_Tyrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladder of the Tyrians">Ladder of Tyre</a>, which completes the blockade of the town from the mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1116&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Coloman,_King_of_Hungary" title="Coloman, King of Hungary">Coloman</a> (<b>the Learned</b>) dies after a 21-year reign in which he has consolidated the feudal system in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a> and expanded the frontier (partly by overthrowing King <a href="/wiki/Petar_Sna%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Petar Snačić">Peter II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Croatia</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Berenguer_III,_Count_of_Barcelona" title="Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona">Ramon Berenguer III</a> (<b>the Great</b>), count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Barcelona" title="County of Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, sails to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> in an effort to gain support from the Italian states and a licence from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a> for his crusade against the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ordelafo_Faliero" title="Ordelafo Faliero">Ordelafo Faliero</a>, doge of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a>, defeats the Hungarian troops under King <a href="/wiki/Stephen_II_of_Hungary" title="Stephen II of Hungary">Stephen II</a>, who have arrived to relieve <a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zadar</a>; the remaining towns of <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> surrender to Venice.</li> <li>Portuguese forces under Countess <a href="/wiki/Theresa,_Countess_of_Portugal" title="Theresa, Countess of Portugal">Theresa</a> take two <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galician</a> cities, <a href="/wiki/Tui,_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tui, Galicia">Tui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a>. In reply, the sister of Theresa, Queen <a href="/wiki/Urraca_of_Leon" class="mw-redirect" title="Urraca of Leon">Urraca</a> (<b>the Reckless</b>), attacks <a href="/wiki/County_of_Portugal" title="County of Portugal">Portugal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid</a> troops conquer the <a href="/wiki/Balearic_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Balearic islands">Balearic islands</a>, whose Moorish rulers have been severely weakened by <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalan</a> raiders.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wales">Wales</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1116&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Welsh under King <a href="/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Rhys" title="Gruffydd ap Rhys">Gruffydd ap Rhys</a> of <a href="/wiki/Deheubarth" title="Deheubarth">Deheubarth</a> attack <a href="/wiki/Llandovery_Castle" title="Llandovery Castle">Llandovery Castle</a>, but are defeated. Gruffydd also attacks <a href="/wiki/Swansea_Castle" title="Swansea Castle">Swansea Castle</a> and destroys the outer walls.<sup id="cite_ref-swansea1100_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swansea1100-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Africa">Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1116&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Zirid_dynasty" title="Zirid dynasty">Zirid</a> ruler of <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zirid_dynasty#List_of_Zirid_rulers" title="Zirid dynasty">Ali ibn Yahya</a>, conquers the island of <a href="/wiki/Jerba" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerba">Jerba</a>, then acting as an independent piratical republic.<sup id="cite_ref-escape_libyeb_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-escape_libyeb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_topic">By topic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1116&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Art_and_Music">Art and Music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1116&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Art and Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aak" title="Aak">Aak</a> music is introduced to the <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean</a> court, through a large gift of 428 musical instruments as well as 572 costumes and ritual dance objects from <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Huizong of Song">Hui Zong</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religion">Religion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1116&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Construction starts on the <a href="/wiki/Chennakeshava_Temple,_Belur" title="Chennakeshava Temple, Belur">Chennakeshava Temple</a> (located on the <a href="/wiki/Yagachi_River" title="Yagachi River">Yagachi River</a>) commissioned by King <a href="/wiki/Vishnuvardhana" title="Vishnuvardhana">Vishnuvardhana</a> at <a href="/wiki/Belur,_Karnataka" title="Belur, Karnataka">Belur</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.</li> <li>The monastery at <a href="/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough">Peterborough</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> is destroyed by fire.<sup id="cite_ref-Fires_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fires-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1116&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richeza_of_Poland,_Queen_of_Sweden" title="Richeza of Poland, Queen of Sweden">Richeza of Poland</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1156" title="1156">1156</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_France_(1116%E2%80%931131)" title="Philip of France (1116–1131)">Philip of France</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">France</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1131" title="1131">1131</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Fitz_Robert,_2nd_Earl_of_Gloucester" class="mw-redirect" title="William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester">William FitzRobert</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Gloucester" title="Earl of Gloucester">Earl of Gloucester</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1183" title="1183">1183</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Barcelona" title="Berengaria of Barcelona">Berengaria of Barcelona</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1149" title="1149">1149</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Saad_al-Khair_al-Balancy" title="Ibn Saad al-Khair al-Balancy">Ibn Saad al-Khair al-Balancy</a>, Arab Andalusian linguist and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1175" title="1175">1175</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Azraq_al-Fariqi" title="Ibn al-Azraq al-Fariqi">Ibn al-Azraq al-Fariqi</a>, Arab historian and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1176" title="1176">1176</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Ibn al-Jawzi">Ibn al-Jawzi</a>, Arab historian and <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philologist</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1201" title="1201">1201</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Mada%27" title="Ibn Mada'">Ibn Mada'</a>, Arab scholar and <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1196" title="1196">1196</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Hertford" title="Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford">Roger de Clare</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Hertford" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl of Hertford">Earl of Hertford</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1173" title="1173">1173</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruaidr%C3%AD_Ua_Conchobair" title="Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair">Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Connacht" title="Connacht">Connacht</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1198" title="1198">1198</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1116&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Coloman,_King_of_Hungary" title="Coloman, King of Hungary">Coloman</a> (<b>the Learned</b>), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Galon_(bishop_of_Beauvais)" title="Galon (bishop of Beauvais)">Galon</a> (or <b>Gallo</b>), bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Beauvais" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Beauvais">Beauvais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nasr_Farsi" title="Abu Nasr Farsi">Abu Nasr Farsi</a>, Persian statesman and poet (or <a href="/wiki/1117" title="1117">1117</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagrat_Pakrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagrat Pakrad">Bagrat Pakrad</a>, Armenian <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> and adventurer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimena_D%C3%ADaz" title="Jimena Díaz">Jimena Díaz</a>, Spanish noblewoman (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Shah_(R%C3%BBm)" title="Malik Shah (Rûm)">Malik Shah</a>, Seljuk ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Scotland,_Countess_of_Boulogne" title="Mary of Scotland, Countess of Boulogne">Mary of Scotland</a>, countess of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Boulogne" title="County of Boulogne">Boulogne</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1082" title="1082">1082</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Arbrissel" title="Robert of Arbrissel">Robert of Arbrissel</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Fontevrault_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Fontevrault Abbey">Fontevrault Abbey</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1116&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Birkenmeier, John W. (2002). <i>The Development of the Komnenian Army: 1081–1180</i>. Brill. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-11710-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-11710-5">90-04-11710-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Steven Runciman</a> (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 112. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0241-29876-3">978-0241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1989). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 98. Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-06162-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-06162-9">978-0-521-06162-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1989). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, pp.98–99. Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-06162-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-06162-9">978-0-521-06162-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeynier2010" class="citation book cs1">Meynier, Gilbert (2010). <i>L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique: De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)</i>. Paris: La Découverte. p. 83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Alg%C3%A9rie+c%C5%93ur+du+Maghreb+classique%3A+De+l%27ouverture+islamo-arabe+au+repli+%28658-1518%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=La+D%C3%A9couverte&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Meynier&rft.aufirst=Gilbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1116" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-swansea1100-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-swansea1100_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swansea.gov.uk/welshprinces">"Swansea Castle: 1100–1200 – Welsh Princes and Marcher Lords"</a>. <a href="/wiki/City_and_County_of_Swansea_Council" title="City and County of Swansea Council">City and County of Swansea</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swansea+Castle%3A+1100%E2%80%931200+%E2%80%93+Welsh+Princes+and+Marcher+Lords&rft.pub=City+and+County+of+Swansea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swansea.gov.uk%2Fwelshprinces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1116" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-escape_libyeb-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-escape_libyeb_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBresc2003" class="citation journal cs1">Bresc, Henri (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storiamediterranea.it/public/md1_dir/b1462.pdf">"La Sicile et l'escape libyen au Moyen Age"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.storiamediterranea.it/public/md1_dir/b1462.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=La+Sicile+et+l%27escape+libyen+au+Moyen+Age&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Bresc&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.storiamediterranea.it%2Fpublic%2Fmd1_dir%2Fb1462.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1116" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fires-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fires_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Fires, Great", in <i>The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance</i>, p. 25. Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. 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