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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>An <b>acknowledgment index</b> (British <b>acknowledgement index</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-gram_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gram-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Scientometrics" title="Scientometrics">scientometric index</a> which analyzes <a href="/wiki/Acknowledgment_(creative_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acknowledgment (creative arts)">acknowledgments</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">scientific literature</a> and attempts to quantify their impact. Typically, a scholarly article has a section in which the authors acknowledge entities such as funding, technical staff, colleagues, etc. that have contributed materials or knowledge or have influenced or inspired their work. Like a <a href="/wiki/Citation_index" title="Citation index">citation index</a>, an acknowledgment index measures influences on scientific work, but in a different sense; it measures institutional and economic influences as well as informal influences of individual people, ideas, and artifacts. Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">impact factor</a>, it does not produce a single overall metric, but analyzes the components separately. However, the total number of acknowledgments to an acknowledged entity can be measured and so can the number of citations to the papers in which the acknowledgment appears. The ratio of this total number of citations to the total number of papers in which the acknowledge entity appears can be construed as the impact of that acknowledged entity.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first automated acknowledgment indexing was created in the search engine and digital library, <a href="/wiki/CiteSeer" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeer">CiteSeer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, that feature is no longer supported. Another acknowledgment extraction and indexing system for acknowledgment was AckSeer,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, that indexing system is not available today as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acknowledgment_index&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citation_impact" title="Citation impact">Citation impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX" title="CiteSeerX">CiteSeerX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metascience_(research)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metascience (research)">Metascience</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acknowledgment_index&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gram-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gram_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grammarist.com/spelling/acknowledgment-acknowledgement/">"Acknowledgement vs. Acknowledgment – Correct Spelling – Grammarist"</a>. 22 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acknowledgement+vs.+Acknowledgment+%E2%80%93+Correct+Spelling+%E2%80%93+Grammarist&rft.date=2012-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrammarist.com%2Fspelling%2Facknowledgment-acknowledgement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcknowledgment+index" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouncillGilesHanManavoglu2005" class="citation conference cs1">Councill, Isaac G.; <a href="/wiki/Lee_Giles" title="Lee Giles">Giles, C. Lee</a>; Han, Hui; Manavoglu, Eren (2005). "Automatic acknowledgement indexing: expanding the semantics of contribution in the CiteSeer digital library". <i>Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Knowledge capture</i>. K-CAP '05. pp. 19–26. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.59.1661">10.1.1.59.1661</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1088622.1088627">10.1145/1088622.1088627</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59593-163-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-59593-163-5"><bdi>1-59593-163-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Automatic+acknowledgement+indexing%3A+expanding+the+semantics+of+contribution+in+the+CiteSeer+digital+library&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+3rd+international+conference+on+Knowledge+capture&rft.pages=19-26&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.59.1661%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1088622.1088627&rft.isbn=1-59593-163-5&rft.aulast=Councill&rft.aufirst=Isaac+G.&rft.au=Giles%2C+C.+Lee&rft.au=Han%2C+Hui&rft.au=Manavoglu%2C+Eren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcknowledgment+index" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilesCouncill2004" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Giles" title="Lee Giles">Giles, C. L.</a>; Councill, I. G. (December 15, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clgiles.ist.psu.edu/papers/PNAS-2004-Acknowledgements.pdf">"Who gets acknowledged: Measuring scientific contributions through automatic acknowledgment indexing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</a></i> <b>101</b> (51): 17599–17604. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PNAS..10117599G">2004PNAS..10117599G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0407743101">10.1073/pnas.0407743101</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539757">539757</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15601767">15601767</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+U.S.A.&rft.atitle=Who+gets+acknowledged%3A+Measuring+scientific+contributions+through+automatic+acknowledgment+indexing&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=51&rft.pages=17599-17604&rft.date=2004-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC539757%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15601767&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0407743101&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004PNAS..10117599G&rft.aulast=Giles&rft.aufirst=C.+L.&rft.au=Councill%2C+I.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclgiles.ist.psu.edu%2Fpapers%2FPNAS-2004-Acknowledgements.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcknowledgment+index" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130901131452/http://csxstatic.ist.psu.edu/about">"About CiteSeerX"</a>. 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing#Scholarly_paper" title="Academic publishing">Paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_(summary)" title="Abstract (summary)">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_article" title="Review article">Review article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Position_paper" title="Position paper">Position paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_review" title="Literature review">Literature review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_literature" title="Grey literature">Grey literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Working_paper" title="Working paper">Working paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_paper" title="White paper">White paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_report" title="Technical report">Technical report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_report" title="Annual report">Annual report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">Pamphlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">Essay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-notebook_science" title="Open-notebook science">Lab notes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other publication types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_of_articles" title="Collection of articles">Collection of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_patent" title="Biological patent">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_patent" title="Chemical patent">Chemical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Book</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">Monograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_(books)" title="Chapter (books)">Chapter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poster_session" title="Poster session">Poster session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_proceedings" title="Conference proceedings">Proceedings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact and ranking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Acknowledgment index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altmetrics" title="Altmetrics">Altmetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article-level_metrics" title="Article-level metrics">Article-level metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Author-level_metrics" title="Author-level metrics">Author-level metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliometrics" title="Bibliometrics">Bibliometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_impact" title="Citation impact">Citation impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_index" title="Citation index">Citation index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_ranking" title="Journal ranking">Journal ranking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eigenfactor" title="Eigenfactor">Eigenfactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-index" title="H-index">h-index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">Impact factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCImago_Journal_Rank" title="SCImago Journal Rank">SCImago Journal Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientometrics" title="Scientometrics">Scientometrics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reform and access</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal_publishing_reform" title="Academic journal publishing reform">Academic journal publishing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_citation_advantage" title="Open access citation advantage">Citation advantage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serials_crisis" title="Serials crisis">Serials crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF">#ICanHazPDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Versioning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">Preprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">Postprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Version_of_record" title="Version of record">Version of record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erratum" title="Erratum">Erratum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retraction_in_academic_publishing" title="Retraction in academic publishing">Retraction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Indexes and search engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMiner_(database)" title="AMiner (database)">AMiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASE_(search_engine)" title="BASE (search engine)">BASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORE_(research_service)" title="CORE (research service)">CORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">Semantic Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperity" title="Paperity">Paperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAlex" title="OpenAlex">OpenAlex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_writing" title="Scientific writing">Scientific writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">Peer review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarly_communication" title="Scholarly communication">Scholarly communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">Scientific literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">Learned society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_research" title="Open research">Open research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_scientific_data" title="Open scientific data">Open scientific data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">Electronic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingelfinger_rule" title="Ingelfinger rule">Ingelfinger rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_publishable_unit" title="Least publishable unit">Least publishable unit</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Publish_or_perish" title="Publish or perish">Publish or perish</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_academic_journals" title="Lists of academic journals">Academic journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scientific_journals" title="List of scientific journals">Scientific journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-access_journals" title="List of open-access journals">Open-access journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Academic databases and search engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_university_presses" title="List of university presses">University presses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers" title="Copyright policies of academic publishers">Copyright policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_publishers_by_preprint_policy" title="List of academic publishers by preprint policy">Preprint policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_style_guides#Academic" title="List of style guides">Style/formatting guides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_publishing" title="Category:Academic publishing">Category:Academic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scientific_documents" 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