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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthardmassiv" title="Gotthardmassiv – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gotthardmassiv" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen-Qotard_massivi" title="Sen-Qotard massivi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sen-Qotard massivi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2)" title="Сен Готард (масив) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сен Готард (масив)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthardsk%C3%BD_masiv" title="Gotthardský masiv – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gotthardský masiv" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthardmassiv" title="Gotthardmassiv – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gotthardmassiv" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macizo_de_San_Gotardo" title="Macizo de San Gotardo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Macizo de San Gotardo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massif_du_Saint-Gothard" title="Massif du Saint-Gothard – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Massif du Saint-Gothard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%ED%8A%B8%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8%EC%82%B0%EB%A7%A5" title="고트하르트산맥 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고트하르트산맥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massiccio_del_San_Gottardo" title="Massiccio del San Gottardo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Massiccio del San Gottardo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="გოტარდის მასივი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გოტარდის მასივი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthardmassiv" title="Gotthardmassiv – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gotthardmassiv" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81" title="سان جوتهارد ماسيف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سان جوتهارد ماسيف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthardmassief" title="Gotthardmassief – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gotthardmassief" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt_Gotthard" title="Sankt Gotthard – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sankt Gotthard" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt_Gotthard-massivet" title="Sankt Gotthard-massivet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sankt Gotthard-massivet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyw_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tego_Gotarda" title="Masyw Świętego Gotarda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Masyw Świętego Gotarda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maci%C3%A7o_de_S%C3%A3o_Gotardo" title="Maciço de São Gotardo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maciço de São Gotardo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masivul_Gotthard" title="Masivul Gotthard – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Masivul Gotthard" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottardu" title="Gottardu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gottardu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthardsk%C3%BD_mas%C3%ADv" title="Gotthardský masív – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gotthardský masív" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt_Gotthard" title="Sankt Gotthard – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sankt Gotthard" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard_da%C4%9F_k%C3%BCtlesi" title="Gotthard dağ kütlesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gotthard dağ kütlesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Ґоттардський масив – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґоттардський масив" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masiso_del_San_Gotardo" title="Masiso del San Gotardo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Masiso del San Gotardo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%93%A5%E9%81%94%E5%B1%B1" title="聖哥達山 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聖哥達山" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Gotthard Massif</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Gotthardmassiv</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pizzo_Rotondo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Pizzo_Rotondo.jpg/272px-Pizzo_Rotondo.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Pizzo_Rotondo.jpg/408px-Pizzo_Rotondo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Pizzo_Rotondo.jpg/544px-Pizzo_Rotondo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">Pizzo Rotondo</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Highest point</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Peak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pizzo_Rotondo" title="Pizzo Rotondo">Pizzo Rotondo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,192 m (10,472 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Dimensions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">30 km (19 mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geography</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gotthard-Gruppe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Gotthard-Gruppe.png/272px-Gotthard-Gruppe.png" decoding="async" width="272" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Gotthard-Gruppe.png/408px-Gotthard-Gruppe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Gotthard-Gruppe.png/544px-Gotthard-Gruppe.png 2x" data-file-width="1995" data-file-height="1307" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data label">Switzerland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons</a></th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" class="mw-redirect" title="Graubünden">Graubünden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range"><span class="nowrap">Parent range</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Lepontine_Alps" title="Lepontine Alps">Lepontine Alps</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Borders on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bernese_Alps" title="Bernese Alps">Bernese Alps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uri_Alps" title="Uri Alps">Uri Alps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glarus_Alps" title="Glarus Alps">Glarus Alps</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Gotthard Massif</b> or <b>Saint-Gotthard Massif</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Gotthardmassiv</i> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sankt-Gotthard-Massiv</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Massiccio del San Gottardo</i>; <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">Massiv dal Gottard</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">mountain range</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, located at the border of four <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">cantons</a>: <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" class="mw-redirect" title="Graubünden">Graubünden</a>. It is delimited by the <a href="/wiki/Nufenen_Pass" title="Nufenen Pass">Nufenen Pass</a> on the west, by the <a href="/wiki/Furka_Pass" title="Furka Pass">Furka Pass</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Oberalp_Pass" title="Oberalp Pass">Oberalp Pass</a> on the north and by the <a href="/wiki/Lukmanier_Pass" title="Lukmanier Pass">Lukmanier Pass</a> on the east. The eponymous <a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Pass" title="Gotthard Pass">Gotthard Pass</a>, lying at the heart of the massif, is the main route from north to south (excluding tunnels). </p><p>The region of the Gotthard lies at the heart of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a>, often referred to as the "water tower of Europe". Three major rivers take their source in the Gotthard Massif: the <a href="/wiki/Reuss_(river)" title="Reuss (river)">Reuss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ticino_(river)" title="Ticino (river)">Ticino</a>. A fourth river, the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a>, takes its source in very close proximity of the massif, just north of the Furka Pass. A trekking itinerary, the Vier-Quellen-Weg ("four springs trail"), crosses the Gotthard Massif.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peaks">Peaks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Gotthard_Massif&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Peaks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The highest peaks of the massif are <a href="/wiki/Pizzo_Rotondo" title="Pizzo Rotondo">Pizzo Rotondo</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (3,192 <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">m</a>) in the southwest, <a href="/wiki/Pizzo_Centrale" title="Pizzo Centrale">Pizzo Centrale</a> (2,999 m) near the centre and <a href="/wiki/Piz_Gannaretsch" title="Piz Gannaretsch">Piz Gannaretsch</a> (3,040 m) in the northeast. There is no peak named <i>Gotthard</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tunnels">Tunnels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Gotthard_Massif&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Tunnels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three long tunnels traversing the Gotthard Massif: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Tunnel" title="Gotthard Tunnel">Gotthard (Rail) Tunnel</a>, railway culmination tunnel (1882, 15 <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Road_Tunnel" title="Gotthard Road Tunnel">Gotthard Road Tunnel</a>, motorway tunnel (1980, 17 km)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Base_Tunnel" title="Gotthard Base Tunnel">Gotthard Base Tunnel</a>, railway lowest-level tunnel (2016, 57 km)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Gotthard_Massif&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/29px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/38px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png/19px-The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png/29px-The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png/38px-The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="994" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mountains" title="Portal:Mountains">Mountains</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688549#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688549#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688549#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/248990387">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4093817-7">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span 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