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<span>Examples of codes of ethics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_of_codes_of_ethics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Preservation of heritage collections</div> <p>The <b>conservation-restoration of panel paintings</b> involves preventive and treatment measures taken by <a href="/wiki/Paintings_conservator" title="Paintings conservator">paintings conservators</a> to slow deterioration, preserve, and repair damage. <a href="/wiki/Panel_paintings" class="mw-redirect" title="Panel paintings">Panel paintings</a> consist of a wood support, a ground (linen or parchment sized with <a href="/wiki/Glues" class="mw-redirect" title="Glues">glues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">resin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gesso" title="Gesso">gesso</a>), and an image layer (<a href="/wiki/Encaustic_painting" title="Encaustic painting">encaustic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tempera" title="Tempera">tempera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oil_paint" title="Oil paint">oil</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are typically constructed of two or more panels joined together by crossbeam braces which can separate due to age and material instability caused by fluctuations in relative humidity and temperature. These factors compromise structural integrity and can lead to warping and paint flaking.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because wood is particularly susceptible to pest damage, an <a href="/wiki/Integrated_pest_management" title="Integrated pest management">IPM</a> plan and regulation of the conditions in storage and display are essential. Past treatments that have fallen out of favor because they can cause permanent damage include transfer of the painting onto a new support, planing, and heavy cradling. Today's conservators often have to remediate damage from previous restoration efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern conservation-restoration techniques favor minimal intervention that accommodates wood's natural tendency to react to environmental changes. Treatments may include applying flexible battens to minimize deformation or simply leaving distortions alone, instead focusing on preventive care to preserve the artwork in its original state.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preventive_care">Preventive care</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Preventive care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Collections_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Collections care">Preventive conservation</a> involves the mitigation of potential threats to the stability of an artifact or specimen through a number of means. Threats such as fire, flood, natural disaster, physical force, and theft cannot be foreseen and <a href="/wiki/Inherent_vice_(library_and_archival_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inherent vice (library and archival science)">inherent vice</a> can only be addressed through prudent risk management, care, and handling of museum objects. </p><p>Conservation and curatorial staff can mitigate risks by correcting improper storage conditions which may lead to damage from pests, water, humidity, and mold. These issues can be further catalyzed by regional and seasonal environmental fluctuations and pollution. Proper handling protocols can help prevent chemical damage caused by contact with skin oils and structural damage from physical stress. Deterioration also occurs as a result of light exposure when objects are examined, exhibited, photographed, and transported. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_conditions">Environmental conditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Environmental conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fluctuating humidity and temperatures can lead to structural damage of a painted surface due to long-term cumulative damage. In panels that are made up of multiple pieces of wood composing the larger surface area, the damage is most often visible where the pieces of wood are attached.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temperatures should range between +/- 5% of 70 °F and the humidity between +/- 5% of 50% Relative Humidity. A Relative Humidity over 65% can lead to mold growth and dry rot.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Panel paintings are subjected to various environmental conditions during exhibition. Regulating temperature, relative humidity, light intensity and duration of exposure, and atmospheric pollutants are essential factors in painting conservation. Air filtration via HVAC systems can reduce gases and airborne pollutants within exhibition spaces and storage areas. Maintaining light levels as low as possible, between 50–150 Lux, will minimize cumulative and irreversible light damage.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Integrated_pest_management">Integrated pest management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Integrated pest management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_1140_Damage_Done_by_a_Furniture_Beetle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1140_Damage_Done_by_a_Furniture_Beetle.jpg/400px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1140_Damage_Done_by_a_Furniture_Beetle.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1140_Damage_Done_by_a_Furniture_Beetle.jpg/600px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1140_Damage_Done_by_a_Furniture_Beetle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1140_Damage_Done_by_a_Furniture_Beetle.jpg/800px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1140_Damage_Done_by_a_Furniture_Beetle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2657" data-file-height="1757" /></a><figcaption>Damage done by a furniture beetle</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Museum_integrated_pest_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum integrated pest management">Integrated Pest Management</a> policies are created to reduce or limit any problems relating to pests damaging objects within collections. Basic concepts discussed in Integrated Pest Management Policies include restricting food and sugary drink consumption in exhibition, storage areas and surrounding areas along with maintaining cleanliness in exhibition and storage areas. As noted, storage also comes into play when it comes to pest management, climate control, assessment of HVAC systems, and contamination due to exposure.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Handling">Handling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Handling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to any handling, an examination of the work should be completed, including looking for signs of weakened structure and material stability. Both the painting and the space to which it is being transferred should be measured. These notes should be shared with preparators, registrars, and curatorial staff.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recommended handling method for panel paintings is similar to that of canvas and other two-dimensional works. Conservators are the only persons that should touch the front or back of a painting. The panel should be held by the edges using nitrile gloves and carried with two hands or in tandem by two people, depending on size. Paintings should never be handled more than one at a time. The procedure includes planning the move, handling, and communication with staff. Painting carts and other tools may be used, including a pallet jack or furniture dolly for moving a panel within a crate. The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/The_Care_and_Handling_of_Art_Objects_Practices_in_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art#">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170307112513/http://canada.pch.gc.ca/eng/1439925170562">Canadian Conservation Institute</a>, and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aiccm.org.au/sites/default/files/docs/reCollections/6_htsd.pdf">Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material</a> provide general guidelines on proper care and handling. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Storage_room,_Heritage_Conservation_Centre,_Singapore_-_20141125-04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Storage_room%2C_Heritage_Conservation_Centre%2C_Singapore_-_20141125-04.jpg/220px-Storage_room%2C_Heritage_Conservation_Centre%2C_Singapore_-_20141125-04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Storage_room%2C_Heritage_Conservation_Centre%2C_Singapore_-_20141125-04.jpg/330px-Storage_room%2C_Heritage_Conservation_Centre%2C_Singapore_-_20141125-04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Storage_room%2C_Heritage_Conservation_Centre%2C_Singapore_-_20141125-04.jpg/440px-Storage_room%2C_Heritage_Conservation_Centre%2C_Singapore_-_20141125-04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Storage room, Heritage Conservation Centre, Singapore</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storage">Storage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typical storage units in museums include sliding screens or slotted shelves made out of MDF and heat-treated wood coated in polyurethane. "S" hooks are used to hang objects with the proper hanging hardware (e.g. D-Rings or eye brackets with picture wire) onto a screen. Temporary storage solutions include the use of ethafoam, moving/packing blankets, and archival corrugated cardboard. These storage methods are employed in order to minimize exposure to heat, light, and humidity, and pests. All exposure is cumulative so it is important to plan carefully the challenges of exhibition conditions, as well as transportation and storage of objects when they are not being displayed. As objects become more fragile over time, the ability to display them can be challenged by deterioration concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agents_of_deterioration">Agents of deterioration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Agents of deterioration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wood_warping.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wood_warping.png/220px-Wood_warping.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wood_warping.png/330px-Wood_warping.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wood_warping.png/440px-Wood_warping.png 2x" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption>Computer rendered illustration of different types of wood warping</figcaption></figure> <p>Damage may occur for a variety of reasons, generally known as agents of deterioration. Typical agents of deterioration include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_force">Physical force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Physical force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mishandling, overhandling, being dropped or stored improperly can all cause physical damage to panel paintings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire">Fire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fire may destroy a painting entirely, or damage may also be caused due to the heat and smoke of a fire. Paint may become brittle or wood may warp.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alten_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alten-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temperature_and_relative_humidity">Temperature and relative humidity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Temperature and relative humidity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paintings may be affected by fluctuating temperature and Relative Humidity. Low Humidity reduces the chemical changes to the materials in a panel painting but raises the risks of mechanical damage to the paint by making it more brittle. High temperatures and humidity in enclosed storage or exhibition space may lead to excess moisture that warps the painting.<sup id="cite_ref-Alten_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alten-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High Humidity reduces mechanical damage such as brittle paint but raises the risks of biological organisms, e.g. white efflorescence and green-to-black stains on a panel painting.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High Humidity also raises the risks of curving or warping of the wood over time, forcing the paint to flake off. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Water damage may cause swelling, as seen in a case study by the Getty Conservation Institute, and water-soluble paints and other materials may dissolve. A wooden panel may also be distorted, split, shrunken, or stained when subjected to water. Mold may also occur as the materials are organic.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pests">Pests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In this case, pests are defined as living creatures able to damage or destroy material culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Agent_of_Deterioration:_Pests_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agent_of_Deterioration:_Pests-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microorganisms such as mold or bacteria are considered pests, as are insects and rodents. Any of the three may cause damage to a panel painting, in particular wood pests such as termites or carpenter ants.<sup id="cite_ref-Agent_of_Deterioration:_Pests_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agent_of_Deterioration:_Pests-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Light_and_ultraviolet_radiation">Light and ultraviolet radiation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Light and ultraviolet radiation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Overexposure to light and ultraviolet radiation may cause fading over time. A material's colorant sensitivity, or the estimate of how much light exposure it should be able to tolerate before fading, determines how an object may be stored and exhibited. When handling panel paintings they should never be exposed to heat including photographic lamps. It is recommended that HMI lamps are used for photographing panel paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examination">Examination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Examination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first step in developing a conservation-restoration plan is close examination to estimate the condition of both the panel and paint. This allows conservators to ascertain the full extent of damage and make a risk assessment. Techniques include visual observation and technically-assisted examination through diagnostic studies and analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structural">Structural</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Structural"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_1831_Borer_damaged_wood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CSIRO ScienceImage 1831 Borer damaged wood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1831_Borer_damaged_wood.jpg/220px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1831_Borer_damaged_wood.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1831_Borer_damaged_wood.jpg/330px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1831_Borer_damaged_wood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1831_Borer_damaged_wood.jpg/440px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1831_Borer_damaged_wood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2657" data-file-height="1810" /></a><figcaption>Borer damaged wood</figcaption></figure> <p>Technologies commonly used to examine the structure of paintings and identify previous treatments include <a href="/wiki/Radiography_of_cultural_objects" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiography of cultural objects">radiography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared reflectography (IR)</a>. Radiography reveals the type, condition and density of the wood, as well as any pest damage or activity.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furniture and Larder Beetles<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can burrow into wood compromising its internal structure and should be treated before proceeding with the restoration. IR, raking light photography, and low-magnification observation are useful in determining damage and distortion to the wood and paint surface. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surface_and_painting">Surface and painting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Surface and painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Photographic documentation, magnification, and visual observation with the naked eye under diffuse or <a href="/wiki/Raking_light" title="Raking light">raking light</a> are common methods of surface examination. Radiography can also be used to revel the opacity of specific paint colors. Degradation to the surface of panel paintings is often a sign of underlying structural issues, temperature and humidity fluctuations, and wood-boring pests. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMA_Conservation_Science_XRF_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/IMA_Conservation_Science_XRF_2.jpg/220px-IMA_Conservation_Science_XRF_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/IMA_Conservation_Science_XRF_2.jpg/330px-IMA_Conservation_Science_XRF_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/IMA_Conservation_Science_XRF_2.jpg/440px-IMA_Conservation_Science_XRF_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Indianapolis Museum of Art Conservation scientist using a Micro-X-ray fluorescence machine</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples_of_technology">Examples of technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Examples of technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reflectance_Transformation_Imaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Reflectance Transformation Imaging">Reflectance transformation imaging</a> is a type of photography that uses digital computation instead of optical processes to create new data as seen with the Penn Museum's Fayum Mummy Portraits.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_fluorescence" title="X-ray fluorescence">X-ray fluorescence</a> is a non-destructive analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of materials.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multispectral_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Multispectral image">Multispectral imaging</a> enables the extraction of information that the human eye fails to capture with its visible receptors for red, green and blue. It was originally developed for military target identification and reconnaissance.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiography" title="Radiography">X-Ray radiography</a> an imaging technique using <a href="/wiki/X-rays" class="mw-redirect" title="X-rays">X-rays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gamma_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma rays">gamma rays</a>, or similar <a href="/wiki/Ionizing_radiation" title="Ionizing radiation">ionizing radiation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-ionizing_radiation" title="Non-ionizing radiation">non-ionizing radiation</a> to view the internal form of an object.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet light">Ultraviolet light</a> is used to observe wavelengths shorter than visible light.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infra-red_reflectography" class="mw-redirect" title="Infra-red reflectography">Infra-red reflectography</a> is used to observe wavelengths longer than visible light.</li></ul> <p>These technologies have been employed in the conservation of Millais's painting, <i>Ophelia,</i> at the Tate museum.<sup id="cite_ref-Ophelia_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ophelia-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this example is not directly related to panel paintings, it is a valuable demonstration of the technology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatments">Treatments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Treatments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Treatments applied to paintings in order to mitigate damage caused by various agents of deterioration are varied. Treatment consists of any efforts made to stabilize, restore, or repair an object; panel paintings, being heavily wood-based, may need treatment for pests, weakened structural supports, failed adhesives, temperature and relative humidity damage, general dirt and grime, and more. Documentation of all treatments applied to a panel painting is crucial, as it determines the course of future conservation-restoration efforts. The following treatments are often seen in conservation of panel paintings: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pest_management">Pest management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Pest management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Exposure to pests may cause structural damage to wood panels and supports and should be eradicated prior to conservation to ensure the longevity of the object and the effectiveness of conservation efforts. Pest management methods include: </p> <ul><li><b>Isolation Through Bagging</b> – isolate paintings with blotter paper, paper board, tissue, or foam sealed in a polyethylene bag and monitor for pests over several weeks or months.</li> <li><b>Low Temperature</b> – freeze paintings placed inside a sealed plastic bag at a temperature of -20 °F (-29 °C) for 4 hours.</li></ul> <p>Overexposure to fluctuations in Relative Humidity and temperature should be monitored when managing pests to prevent damage to the painting. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cradled_panel_painting,_Aert_van_der_Neer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cradled_panel_painting%2C_Aert_van_der_Neer.jpg/220px-Cradled_panel_painting%2C_Aert_van_der_Neer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cradled_panel_painting%2C_Aert_van_der_Neer.jpg/330px-Cradled_panel_painting%2C_Aert_van_der_Neer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cradled_panel_painting%2C_Aert_van_der_Neer.jpg/440px-Cradled_panel_painting%2C_Aert_van_der_Neer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Cradled panel painting, Aert van der Neer</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creating_supports">Creating supports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Creating supports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each panel undergoing conservation has unique considerations when creating support structures. Conservators must draw upon their experience in formulating treatment plans in order to develop the best treatment plan for each individual panel painting. Two supportive structures commonly used in conservation include: </p> <ul><li><b>Custom strainers</b> or inner panelings that are fit to the painting and secured with screws, therefore offering strength to the painting and allowing hanging devices to be attached without damaging a painting.<sup id="cite_ref-asiarta.org_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asiarta.org-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradling_(paintings)" title="Cradling (paintings)"><b>Cradling</b></a> – Cradling refers to the addition of wooden supports or frames on the back of paintings. These slats require flexibility to allow for panel movement caused by fluctuations in temperature and humidity. They may prevent warping as they provide support for the painting.<sup id="cite_ref-asiarta.org_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asiarta.org-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Applying_adhesives">Applying adhesives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Applying adhesives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cracks, loosened joints, and other such damage to a panel painting, which may be caused by various agents of deterioration, can be treated by applying the proper adhesive. Adhesive treatments include: </p> <ul><li><b>Reactivation of hide glues.</b> Hide glues, often made from processed cow hides, are a protein-based adhesive commonly used by conservators as the glue is known for both its longevity and reversibility. Hide glues may be reactivated with heat, allowing for repairs to be made where glued joints have begun to loosen.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Adding water-based emulsion glues to existing and failing adhesives.</b> The conservator may choose to add additional adhesives to existing adhesives, depending on the state of the existing adhesive.</li> <li><b>Replacing failed adhesives with new ones.</b> The conservator may choose to replace a failed adhesive entirely. In this case, the conservator must carefully remove the failed adhesive from the area they plan to re-glue. Methods by which to do so are dependent on the type of adhesive first used as well as past treatments. After the original adhesive has been removed, the conservator may carry on with applying a new adhesive.</li></ul> <p>Types of adhesives:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Natural protein adhesives</b> – made of animal products such as casein, albumin, fish glue, and animal-hide glue, these protein adhesives are also referred to as <a href="/wiki/Bioadhesives" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioadhesives">bioadhesives</a> as they are made from naturally occurring materials and are biodegradable.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Natural resins</b> – often used in historic objects, natural resins (<a href="/wiki/Turpentine" title="Turpentine">turpentine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosin" title="Rosin">rosin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_blood" title="Dragon's blood">dragon's blood</a>, etc.) are mainly located from trees, in particular coniferous trees such as pines. Other sources include <a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">shellac</a>, which is insect-based. Natural resins are not water-soluble and should be mixed with either oil or spirits, dependent on resin type, before use.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Synthetic resin adhesives</b> – commonly used synthetic resin adhesives include polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyvinyl acetate emulsions, Paraloid B-72, cellulose nitrate, also called nitrocelluloid, polyvinyl butyral, polymethacrylate emulsions, polyvinyl alcohol, and Elmer's Glue All, although the latter is debated amongst conservators.<sup id="cite_ref-Adhesives_and_Consolidants_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adhesives_and_Consolidants-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The synthetic resin most commonly used in conservation, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), is used as a glue and a consolidant based upon its viscosity. The higher viscosity glues are considered to have better bonding abilities, while low viscosity PVAs are best as consolidants given their ability to penetrate an object. PVA beads should be dissolved into a solvent (acetone is commonly used) before use.<sup id="cite_ref-Adhesives_and_Consolidants_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adhesives_and_Consolidants-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conservators should be cautious of applying these adhesives to thin or textile-based panels, as there may be some distortion as the adhesive dries.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transferring_panel_paintings">Transferring panel paintings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Transferring panel paintings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_panel_paintings" title="Transfer of panel paintings">Transfer of panel paintings</a> from an unstable panel to a new support is considered to be a delicate process. This process occurs when there has been a form of degradation in the original panel (possible causes include pest damage, burrowing, warping, or panel thinning). The transfer should be made to a similarly aged panel, made of the same wood type.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These transfers have become almost obsolete given advances in the conservation field, but were common in Italy into the 1950s. Early efforts to transfer panel paintings were unrefined and lead to distortions in the paintings, but in later years the technique became more refined.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drying">Drying</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Drying"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The recommended procedure for panels submerged due to flooding is to exposure to a long drying process prior to any further conservation work. This process should not be rushed in order to prevent further damage to the panels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conserving_painted_surfaces">Conserving painted surfaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Conserving painted surfaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4_The_Scientists.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/4_The_Scientists.JPG/220px-4_The_Scientists.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/4_The_Scientists.JPG/330px-4_The_Scientists.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/4_The_Scientists.JPG/440px-4_The_Scientists.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2049" data-file-height="1577" /></a><figcaption><i>The Scientists</i> by Rita Greer, 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>The conservation of the surface of a painting varies depending on the materials used in a painting as well as its condition. Generally, conservation of a painted surface includes cleaning, removal, and replacement of degraded varnish and the restoration of paint losses. According to the Tate Museum, "cleaning is a particularly delicate and demanding part of conserving and restoring paintings. Layers of dirt, discolored varnish, and old restorations that may be disfiguring or obscuring parts of the composition are painstakingly removed."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The evolution of modern materials that can be used in panel paintings and their conservation has positively impacted conservation techniques. "The introduction of synthetic binders—most notably acrylic, alkyd, polyvinyl acetate, and nitrocellulose—has resulted in paints that exhibit fast drying times, reduced yellowing tendencies, a vast range of appearances and handling properties and, in the case of emulsion formulations, great flexibility and the elimination of organic solvents as thinners and diluents," according to the Getty Conservation Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation_ethics_resources">Conservation ethics resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Conservation ethics resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The care and management of cultural heritage materials should be addressed with consideration for the physical and symbolic integrity of the artifact. While the virtues of object integrity may be contested in professional circles, the ultimate goal is preservation. Institutions are governed by their mission statement, and international, federal, and local laws surrounding cultural heritage objects. It is critical that thorough research is conducted not only on the materials but also on the ethical and moral implications of handling figuratively and literally valuable artifacts. The following links address conservation ethics, including the restoration of panel paintings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples_of_codes_of_ethics">Examples of codes of ethics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Examples of codes of ethics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culturalheritage.org/about-conservation/code-of-ethics">American Institute for Conservation (AIC) and the Foundation for Advancement in Conservation (FAIC)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-cultural-property/article/abs/codes-of-ethics-for-conservation/0F09A5753E9106B7F8A1284FEEEE89B3">The International Journal of Cultural Property published by Cambridge University Press</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/newsletters/15_1/feature1_2.html">The Getty Conservation Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/journals/conservation-journal/issue-52/the-ethics-of-conservation-practice-a-look-from-within/">The Victoria And Albert Museum Conservation Journal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://preserveart.org/treatments/">The Midwest Art Conservation Center</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUzielli1998" class="citation book cs1">Uzielli, L. (1998). "Historical Overview of Panel-Making Techniques in Central Italy". In Dardes, K.; Rothe, A. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/pdf/panelpaintings2.pdf"><i>The Structural Conservation of Panel Paintings: Proceedings of a Symposium at the J. Paul Getty Museum, 24-28 April 1995</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Getty Conservation Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Historical+Overview+of+Panel-Making+Techniques+in+Central+Italy&rft.btitle=The+Structural+Conservation+of+Panel+Paintings%3A+Proceedings+of+a+Symposium+at+the+J.+Paul+Getty+Museum%2C+24-28+April+1995.&rft.pub=Getty+Conservation+Institute&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Uzielli&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getty.edu%2Fconservation%2Fpublications_resources%2Fpdf_publications%2Fpdf%2Fpanelpaintings2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservation+and+restoration+of+panel+paintings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Conservation_Institute" class="citation web cs1">Canadian Conservation Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-institute/services/conservation-preservation-publications/canadian-conservation-institute-notes/know-your-paintings-deterioration.html">"Know Your Paintings – Structure, Materials and Aspects of Deterioration – Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) Notes 10/17"</a>. <i>Government of Canada</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170926041759/https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-institute/services/conservation-preservation-publications/canadian-conservation-institute-notes/know-your-paintings-deterioration.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Know+Your+Paintings+%E2%80%93+Structure%2C+Materials+and+Aspects+of+Deterioration+%E2%80%93+Canadian+Conservation+Institute+%28CCI%29+Notes+10%2F17&rft.au=Canadian+Conservation+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fconservation-institute%2Fservices%2Fconservation-preservation-publications%2Fcanadian-conservation-institute-notes%2Fknow-your-paintings-deterioration.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservation+and+restoration+of+panel+paintings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothe" class="citation book cs1">Rothe, A. "Critical History of Panel Painting Restoration in Italy.". In Dardes, K.; Rothe, A. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/pdf/panelpaintings3.pdf"><i>The Structural Conservation of Panel Paintings: Proceedings of a Symposium at the J. Paul Getty Museum, 24-28 April 1995</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Getty Research Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Structural+Conservation+of+Panel+Paintings%3A+Part+Three&rft.pub=Getty+Research+Institute&rft.aulast=Rothe&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getty.edu%2Fconservation%2Fpublications_resources%2Fpdf_publications%2Fpdf%2Fpanelpaintings3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservation+and+restoration+of+panel+paintings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/about/our-work/conservation/paintings">"Conservation: Paintings"</a>. <i>The Tate Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120415202429/http://www.tate.org.uk:80/about/our-work/conservation/paintings">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-04-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tate+Museum&rft.atitle=Conservation%3A+Paintings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fabout%2Four-work%2Fconservation%2Fpaintings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservation+and+restoration+of+panel+paintings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/conservation/our_projects/science/modpaints/">"Modern Paints"</a>. <i>The Getty Conservation Institute</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205022202/http://www.getty.edu:80/conservation/our_projects/science/modpaints/">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-02-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Getty+Conservation+Institute&rft.atitle=Modern+Paints&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getty.edu%2Fconservation%2Four_projects%2Fscience%2Fmodpaints%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservation+and+restoration+of+panel+paintings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Getty Conservation Institute has multiple resources through a YouTube Playlist on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0TOL8WJChY&list=PL5ZJP2yRFa3aCdxJIb_WgHzyfsqJX6g5K">Panel Paintings Conservation</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/projects/panel-paintings-initiative/">Panel Painting Initiative</a> page on their website</li> <li>Victoria and Albert: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/journals/conservation-journal/issue-35/conservation-treatment-of-a-17th-century-english-panel-painting/">Conservation Treatment of a 17th Century English Panel Painting</a></li> <li>The Metropolitan Museum of Art: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/videos/archive/2009/conserving-paintings-collections-3">Structural Conservation: Dürer's Adam and Eve Panels</a></i></li> <li>Asian Art Museum: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171008231704/http://www.asianart.org/collections/krishna-painting">Conservation of a South Asian Painting</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cultural_heritage_and_historic_preservation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cultural_Conservation-Restoration" title="Template:Cultural Conservation-Restoration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cultural_Conservation-Restoration" title="Template talk:Cultural Conservation-Restoration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cultural_Conservation-Restoration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cultural Conservation-Restoration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cultural_heritage_and_historic_preservation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Historic_preservation" title="Historic preservation">historic preservation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics<br /> and issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agents_of_deterioration" title="Agents of deterioration">Agents of deterioration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archival_processing" title="Archival processing">Archival processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_science" title="Archaeological science">Archaeological science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archive" title="Archive">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioarchaeology" title="Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(archives)" title="Calendar (archives)">Calendar (archives)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of cultural property">Conservation and restoration of cultural property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_immovable_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property">Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_movable_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property">Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_science_(cultural_property)" title="Conservation science (cultural property)">Conservation science (cultural property)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collecting" title="Collecting">Collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_(museum)" title="Collection (museum)">Collection (museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_catalog" title="Collection catalog">Collection catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_maintenance" title="Collections maintenance">Collections maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_management" title="Collections management">Collections management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_management_system" title="Collections management system">Collections management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage_management" title="Cultural heritage management">Cultural heritage management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property" title="Cultural property">Cultural property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_documentation" title="Cultural property documentation">Cultural property documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_exhibition" title="Cultural property exhibition">Cultural property exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_imaging" title="Cultural property imaging">Cultural property imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_storage" title="Cultural property storage">Cultural property storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_resources_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural resources management">Cultural resources management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_preservation" title="Database preservation">Database preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaccessioning_(museum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaccessioning (museum)">Deaccessioning (museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_photograph_restoration" title="Digital photograph restoration">Digital photograph restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_preservation" title="Digital preservation">Digital preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_preparedness_(cultural_property)" title="Disaster preparedness (cultural property)">Disaster preparedness (cultural property)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_preservation" title="Film preservation">Film preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_aid" title="Finding aid">Finding aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonds" title="Fonds">Fonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_in_collection" title="Found in collection">Found in collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_asset" title="Heritage asset">Heritage asset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_science" title="Heritage science">Heritage science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inherent_vice" title="Inherent vice">Inherent vice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage" title="Intangible cultural heritage">Intangible cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_pest_management_(cultural_property)" title="Integrated pest management (cultural property)">Integrated pest management (cultural property)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inventory_(library_and_archive)" title="Inventory (library and archive)">Inventory (library and archive)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inventory_(museum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inventory (museum)">Inventory (museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_preservation" title="Media preservation">Media preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mold_control_and_prevention_(library_and_archive)" title="Mold control and prevention (library and archive)">Mold control and prevention (library and archive)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_media_preservation" title="Optical media preservation">Optical media preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_(library_and_archive)" title="Preservation (library and archive)">Preservation (library and archive)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_metadata" title="Preservation metadata">Preservation metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_survey" title="Preservation survey">Preservation survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">Provenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation_(cultural_property)" title="Repatriation (cultural property)">Repatriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruins" title="Ruins">Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_preservation" title="Sustainable preservation">Sustainable preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure" title="Treasure">Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_archiving" title="Web archiving">Web archiving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles<br /> and expertise</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archivist" title="Archivist">Archivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">Art dealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_handler" title="Art handler">Art handler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auctioneer" class="mw-redirect" title="Auctioneer">Auctioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_manager" title="Collection manager">Collection manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservator-restorer" title="Conservator-restorer">Conservator-restorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_scientist" title="Conservation scientist">Conservation scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_technician" title="Conservation technician">Conservation technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibition_designer" title="Exhibition designer">Exhibition designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_maker" title="Mount maker">Mount maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objects_conservator" title="Objects conservator">Objects conservator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paintings_conservator" title="Paintings conservator">Paintings conservator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph_conservator" title="Photograph conservator">Photograph conservator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservationist" title="Preservationist">Preservationist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registrar_(cultural_property)" title="Registrar (cultural property)">Registrar (cultural property)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_conservator" title="Textile conservator">Textile conservator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods<br /> and techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_(artwork)" title="Aging (artwork)">Aging (artwork)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastylosis" title="Anastylosis">Anastylosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrested_decay" title="Arrested decay">Arrested decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradling_(paintings)" title="Cradling (paintings)">Cradling (paintings)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_radiography" title="Cultural property radiography">Cultural property radiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detachment_of_wall_paintings" title="Detachment of wall paintings">Detachment of wall paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmet_method" title="Desmet method">Desmet method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_case" title="Display case">Display case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_repository_audit_method_based_on_risk_assessment" title="Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment">Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_paint_analysis" title="Historic paint analysis">Historic paint analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inpainting" title="Inpainting">Inpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintsugi" title="Kintsugi">Kintsugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leafcasting" title="Leafcasting">Leafcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lining_of_paintings" title="Lining of paintings">Lining of paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_deacidification" title="Mass deacidification">Mass deacidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpainting" title="Overpainting">Overpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-inspiration" title="Paleo-inspiration">Paleo-inspiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_splitting" title="Paper splitting">Paper splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_(architecture)" title="Reconstruction (architecture)">Reconstruction (architecture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissverklebung" title="Rissverklebung">Rissverklebung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_stabilization" title="Textile stabilization">Textile stabilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_panel_paintings" title="Transfer of panel paintings">Transfer of panel paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UVC-based_preservation" title="UVC-based preservation">UVC-based preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisualAudio" title="VisualAudio">VisualAudio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_immovable_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property">Conservation<br /> and restoration<br /> of immovable <br /> cultural property</a><br /> by item type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_archaeological_sites" title="Conservation and restoration of archaeological sites">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_frescos" title="Conservation and restoration of frescos">Frescos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">Heritage railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_historic_gardens" title="Conservation and restoration of historic gardens">Historic gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_outdoor_artworks" title="Conservation and restoration of outdoor artworks">Outdoor artworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_outdoor_bronze_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of outdoor bronze objects">Outdoor bronze objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_outdoor_murals" title="Conservation and restoration of outdoor murals">Outdoor murals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_movable_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property">Conservation<br /> and restoration<br /> of movable <br /> cultural property</a><br /> by item type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of aircraft">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_ancient_Greek_pottery" title="Conservation and restoration of ancient Greek pottery">Ancient Greek pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_bone,_horn,_and_antler_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of bone, horn, and antler objects">Bone, horn, and antler objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_books,_manuscripts,_documents_and_ephemera" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera">Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_ceramic_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of ceramic objects">Ceramic objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_clocks" title="Conservation and restoration of clocks">Clocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_copper-based_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of copper-based objects">Copper-based objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_feathers" title="Conservation and restoration of feathers">Feathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_film" title="Conservation and restoration of film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_flags_and_banners" title="Conservation and restoration of flags and banners">Flags and banners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_fur_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of fur objects">Fur objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_glass_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of glass objects">Glass objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_herbaria" title="Conservation and restoration of herbaria">Herbaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_human_remains" title="Conservation and restoration of human remains">Human remains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_illuminated_manuscripts" title="Conservation and restoration of illuminated manuscripts">Illuminated manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_insect_specimens" title="Conservation and restoration of insect specimens">Insect specimens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_iron_and_steel_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of iron and steel objects">Iron and steel objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_ivory_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of ivory objects">Ivory objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_Judaica" title="Conservation and restoration of Judaica">Judaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_lacquerware" title="Conservation and restoration of lacquerware">Lacquerware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_leather_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of leather objects">Leather objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_lighthouses" title="Conservation and restoration of lighthouses">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_metals" title="Conservation and restoration of metals">Metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_musical_instruments" title="Conservation and restoration of musical instruments">Musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_neon_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of neon objects">Neon objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_new_media_art" title="Conservation and restoration of new media art">New media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_paintings" title="Conservation and restoration of paintings">Paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_painting_frames" title="Conservation and restoration of painting frames">Painting frames</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panel paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_papyrus" title="Conservation and restoration of papyrus">Papyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_parchment" title="Conservation and restoration of parchment">Parchment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_performance_art" title="Conservation and restoration of performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographs" title="Conservation and restoration of photographs">Photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographic_plates" title="Conservation and restoration of photographic plates">Photographic plates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_plastic_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of plastic objects">Plastic objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_rail_vehicles" title="Conservation and restoration of rail vehicles">Rail vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_road_vehicles" title="Conservation and restoration of road vehicles">Road vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_shipwreck_artifacts" title="Conservation and restoration of shipwreck artifacts">Shipwreck artifacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_silver_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of silver objects">Silver objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_South_Asian_household_shrines" title="Conservation of South Asian household shrines">South Asian household shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_stained_glass" title="Conservation and restoration of stained glass">Stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_taxidermy" title="Conservation and restoration of taxidermy">Taxidermy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_textiles" title="Conservation and restoration of textiles">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_Tibetan_thangkas" title="Conservation and restoration of Tibetan thangkas">Tibetan thangkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_time-based_media_art" title="Conservation and restoration of time-based media art">Time-based media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_totem_poles" title="Conservation and restoration of totem poles">Totem poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_vinyl_discs" title="Conservation and restoration of vinyl discs">Vinyl discs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_woodblock_prints" title="Conservation and restoration of woodblock prints">Woodblock prints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_wooden_artifacts" title="Conservation and restoration of wooden artifacts">Wooden artifacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_wooden_furniture" title="Conservation and restoration of wooden furniture">Wooden furniture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage" title="Intangible cultural heritage">Intangible<br /> cultural heritage</a><br /> preservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_music" title="Ancient music">Ancient music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_folklore" title="Applied folklore">Applied folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_notation" title="Dance notation">Dance notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_music" title="Early music">Early music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_language" title="Endangered language">Endangered language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnochoreology" title="Ethnochoreology">Ethnochoreology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">Ethnomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopoetics" title="Ethnopoetics">Ethnopoetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_folklore" title="Family folklore">Family folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">Folk etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">Folk instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk medicine">Folk medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_process" title="Folk process">Folk process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_play" title="Folk play">Folk play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foodways" title="Foodways">Foodways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_studies" title="Folklore studies">Folklore studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_language" title="Heritage language">Heritage language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_language_learning" title="Heritage language learning">Heritage language learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_intellectual_property" title="Indigenous intellectual property">Indigenous intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous culture">Indigenous culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_language" title="Indigenous language">Indigenous language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">Language death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_preservation" title="Language preservation">Language preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization" title="Language revitalization">Language revitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_history" title="Living history">Living history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_history_preservation" title="Oral history preservation">Oral history preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_of_meaning" title="Preservation of meaning">Preservation of meaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Primitive music">Primitive music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition#Preservation" title="Tradition">Tradition preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_knowledge" title="Traditional knowledge">Traditional knowledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br />projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_issues_of_Pompeii_and_Herculaneum" title="Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum">Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecce_Homo_(Mart%C3%ADnez_and_Gim%C3%A9nez)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecce Homo (Martínez and Giménez)">Conservation-restoration of <i>Ecce Homo</i> by Elías García Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_Thomas_Eakins%27_The_Gross_Clinic" title="Conservation-restoration of Thomas Eakins' The Gross Clinic">Conservation-restoration of <i>The Gross Clinic</i> by Thomas Eakins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_Leonardo_da_Vinci%27s_The_Last_Supper" title="Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper">Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's <i>The Last Supper</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_Pompeian_frescoes" title="Conservation and restoration of Pompeian frescoes">Pompeian frescoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin">Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_the_Sistine_Chapel_frescoes" title="Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes">Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty" title="Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty">Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_the_H.L._Hunley" title="Conservation-restoration of the H.L. Hunley">Conservation-restoration of the <i>H.L. Hunley</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_flood_of_the_Arno" title="1966 flood of the Arno">Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_and_Contemporary_Art_Research_Initiative" title="Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative">Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_Metadata:_Implementation_Strategies" title="Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies">Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&oldid=1180375506">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings&oldid=1180375506</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Painting" title="Category:Painting">Painting</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservation_and_restoration_of_paintings" title="Category:Conservation and restoration of paintings">Conservation and restoration of paintings</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 October 2023, at 07:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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