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class="page-title hu-pad group"> <ul class="meta-single group"> <li class="category"><a href="https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/category/decouvertes" rel="category tag">Découvertes</a> <span>/</span> <a href="https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/category/reflexions" rel="category tag">Réflexions libres</a></li> <li class="comments"><a href="https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/4919#respond"><i class="far fa-comments"></i>0</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="hu-pad group"> <article class="post-4919 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decouvertes category-reflexions tag-anthropologie-des-emotions tag-archives tag-archivistique tag-documents tag-emotion tag-histoire-et-passe tag-memoire tag-methodologie tag-outils-de-recherche"> <div class="post-inner group"> <h1 class="post-title entry-title">Les Archives : Une Source d’émotions et de recherches</h1> <p class="post-byline"> par <span class="vcard author"> <span class="fn"><a href="https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/author/lucasguerillot" title="Articles par Lucas Guerillot" rel="author">Lucas Guerillot</a></span> </span> · Publié <time class="published" datetime="2022-09-05T08:34:37+02:00">05/09/2022</time> · Mis à jour <time class="updated" datetime="2022-07-07T16:39:37+02:00">07/07/2022</time> </p> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="entry themeform"> <div class="entry-inner"> <p><em>En entrant dans les Archives et en consultant des documents historiques, n’avez-vous pas déjà ressenti un certain vertige ? Ce papier devant vous, abîmé certes mais unique, témoigne d’un passé lointain qui vous semble accessible sur l’instant. Peut-être que ces émotions pourraient vous être utiles dans la création et la réalisation de nombreux sujets de recherche. </em></p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="500" height="399" src="https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/files/2022/05/48795219481_5a047323b4_k-500x399.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4970" srcset="https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/files/2022/05/48795219481_5a047323b4_k-500x399.jpg 500w, https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/files/2022/05/48795219481_5a047323b4_k-300x239.jpg 300w, https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/files/2022/05/48795219481_5a047323b4_k-768x613.jpg 768w, https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/files/2022/05/48795219481_5a047323b4_k-1536x1226.jpg 1536w, https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/files/2022/05/48795219481_5a047323b4_k.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /><figcaption>Mount Vernon @ Archives Nationales, Agence Wato. Crédit photo : Thibaud Poirier</figcaption></figure></div> <p>Les Archives, en tant que lieux, forment un monde hors du temps, qui intéressera toute une branche du savoir : L’archivistique ou sciences des archives. Ce Lieu de savoir, au même titre que les laboratoires et les bibliothèques, a aussi son importance dans le monde de la recherche.</p> <p>Dans les Sciences Studies, il convient de valoriser ce lieu de savoir pourtant si pluriel et polyforme. Car malheureusement, « le lieu de travail disparait le plus souvent des publications, il devient invisible » (Waquet, 2019, p. 271). Observons alors l’aspect émotionnel de ce lieu pour le mettre en valeur, caractéristique essentielle permettant parfois d’être « un point de départ dans un itinéraire intellectuel (Ibid, p. 272).</p> <p>Nous tâcherons dans ce très bref article de comprendre la raison d’une grande émotivité en archives, tout en montrant les enjeux de cette caractéristique dans la recherche du scientifique.</p> <div style="height:20px" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <h5 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><u>Définir les Archives ?</u></strong></h5> <p>Une définition préalable s’impose. La directrice des Archives nationale les définit comme un vaste ensemble de documents issus de personnes physiques ou morales. Mais aussi comme un lieu de collection, de conservation, de classement et de communication, correspondant aux 4C définissant les fonctions principales des Archives. Enfin, comme une institution publique participant au patrimoine et à la citoyenneté du territoire national (Jedrzejewski, Sardinha, 2017). En bref, nous constatons ici l’aspect polyforme du terme « Archives » pouvant désigner tour à tour une ressource, un document, une preuve, un lieu ou une institution. Mais cela renvoie généralement à un cadre de lecture des documents du passé. Cette pluralité ne fait que renforcer la mystériosité du phénomène, renforçant aussi notre curiosité sur celui-ci.</p> <div style="height:20px" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <h5 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><u>Un Pouvoir d’évocation mémorielle </u></strong></h5> <p>Mais une chose revient régulièrement dans ces différentes définitions. Du plus simple document au lieu en lui-même, il y a un aspect mémoriel qui revient toujours. Les archives semblent être le composant d’une mémoire historique qu’il faut préserver. Ill y aurait un pouvoir d’évocation des archives grâce à un passé entrant en collision avec notre présent.</p> <p>Dans cette partie, j’évoquerai un peu l’expérience ressentie par la visite de notre promotion aux Archives départementales de Strasbourg. Il nous avait été attribué à chaque groupe un document dont il fallait trouver un certain nombre d’informations essentielles pour le définir. Lors de la manipulation de vieux documents datant parfois du XIXème siècle, je pouvais ressentir un certain nombre de choses. Petitesse, curiosité, étonnement, joie ou encore admiration. Au visage de mes collègues et à leur manière de tourner les pages, je remarquais bien à quel point ces documents pouvaient tous nous affecter. Ils nous évoquaient un passé qui nous semblait sur l’instant sensiblement accessible.</p> <p>Une intimité se crée entre l’archive et l’individu, entre le passé et le présent. C’est le pouvoir d’évocation mémorielle des archives. Mais ces émotions que l’on ressent, comment l’expliquer ?</p> <div style="height:20px" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <h5 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><u>Des propriétés émotives</u></strong></h5> <p>Pour cela, nous pouvons nous référer à l’article de Yvon Lemay et Anne Klein « Archives et émotions ». Les auteurs nous évoquent les propriétés qui favorisent le déchainement émotif en nous.</p> <p>Il y aurait tout d’abord le caractère authentique du document. Cela permet d’offrir « une vision authentique, neuve, différente » (Lemay, Klein, 2012, p.9). Le sentiment d’authenticité se démarque par nature du caractère fictionnel du passé dont nous sommes habitués à voir avec le cinéma ou la littérature. Ici, nous sommes face à du réel pur, à des faits du passé qui se confrontent à nous.</p> <p>La deuxième propriété est la dimension matérielle des documents et imprimés (Ibid, 9). L’amour de la lecture de ces document est renforcé par l’aspect rare et précieux de ces derniers. L’archive est unique, et se situe entre nos mains. Le lieu renforce cette intimité avec la grandeur de la pièce, l’ambiance sonore et une douce lumière prêtant à la contemplation. Tout cette matérialité renforce l’émotion ressentie par le lecteur.</p> <p>Enfin, il y a le critère du passage du temps (Ibid, p.10), se caractérisant par le document marqué par un vieillissement. Les documents prennent de l’âge, se délabrent et n’en deviennent que plus précieux. Cela permet surtout de susciter notre imagination créant un pouvoir d’évocation et une sorte de vertige de notre petitesse à travers un monde en proie à la continuité temporelle.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" src="https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/files/2022/06/IMG_20220502_084637-1-500x281.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-5339" width="564" height="317" srcset="https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/files/2022/06/IMG_20220502_084637-1-500x281.jpg 500w, https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/files/2022/06/IMG_20220502_084637-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/files/2022/06/IMG_20220502_084637-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/files/2022/06/IMG_20220502_084637-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://mastersts.hypotheses.org/files/2022/06/IMG_20220502_084637-1-2048x1152.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px" /><figcaption>Réserve et archives de la Bibliothèque de la MISHA, Photo par Lucas Guerillot.<br>Le vieillissement et le caractère authentique ressort à travers ces documents, source donc de préciosité et d’émotions.</figcaption></figure></div> <h5 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><u>Entre Emotion et Raison scientifique</u></strong></h5> <p>Comment doit donc s’orienter le chercheur en ces lieux pour ne pas se perdre ? Arlette Farge pourrait bien nous répondre dans « Le goût de l’archive ». Accompagné de descriptions narratives des lieux, Farge se donne pour objectif de guider les lecteurs notamment historiens en archives. Il y aurait une « tension » (Farge, 1989, p. 22) qui s’opère chez le chercheur. Une tension qui se fait d’abord entre la tentation de prendre un maximum de données pour les partager, puis la raison scientifique stipulant l’affinement et le dépouillage d’informations. Pour réussir, il faut donc prendre son temps, faire au préalable un tri thématique. Tout cela a pour objectif « de fabriquer un objet nouveau » (Ibid, p. 79), réemployer ce savoir pour rendre possible « une autre narration du réel » (Ibid, p. 79). Aller en archive pour Farge, c’est faire « un voyage » (Ibid, p. 15) mais un voyage dont il convient de ne pas dévier de notre trajectoire.</p> <div style="height:20px" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <h5 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><u>Les Archives, Lieu de sciences et d’émotion</u>s</strong></h5> <p>Nous avons pu voir à quel point l’Emotion pouvait jouer dans la recherche chez les scientifiques notamment en sciences humaines. Il semble évident que les sentiments et l’exaltation peuvent permettre de faire des découvertes étonnantes, de créer de nouvelles idées de recherche. Les archives peuvent donc être la source d’ambitions épistémologiques. Ces ensembles de documents peuvent être la source d’une fécondité scientifique mais pas seulement. Les archives participent aussi activement au développement d’une théorie en attribuant des preuves dans les arguments d’un chercheur. Lorraine Daston ne manquera pas de montrer l’essentialité des archives dans la science ne serait-ce qu’en tant qu’outil indispensable du chercheur (Daston, p. 9).</p> <p>L’archive reste toutefois un lieu d’émotion étant le reflet de notre propre histoire culturelle. Pierre Nora, historien, évoquera la chose suivante : « Nous avons fait de l’archive le dépositaire de notre identité. D’où sa charge affective et émotionnelle » (Dosse, 2011, p.348).</p> <p>Pour une autre lecture des archives cette fois-ci dans les fonctions des archivistes (les 4C), je vous renvoie à l’article très appréciable de ma collègue Nolwenn, qui a fait un Stage aux archives départementales du Bas-Rhin.</p> <p> </p> <hr class="wp-block-separator" /> <h5 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Sources des images</strong></h5> <p>Image 1 : Mount Vernon @ Archives Nationales, Agence Wato. Crédit photo : Thibaud Poirier</p> <p>Image 2 : Réserve et archives de la Bibliothèque de la MISHA, Photo par Lucas Guerillot dans le cadre d’un stage</p> <div style="height:24px" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <h5 class="wp-block-heading">Bibliographie :</h5> <p><strong>DASTON L. (dir.), 2017,</strong> <em>Science in the archives : Pasts, Presents,</em> Futures, Chicago, The University of Chicaco Press</p> <p><strong>DOSSE F., 2011,</strong> <em>Pierre Nora : homo historicus,</em> Paris, Perrin, p. 348.</p> <p><strong>FARGE A., 1989/1997, </strong><em>Le goût de l’archive</em>, Paris, Seuil</p> <p><strong>JEDRZEJEWSKI F. & SARDINHA D. (dirs.), 2017, </strong><em>La Philosophie et l’archive : un dialogue international, </em>Paris, l’Harmattan</p> <p><strong>LEMAY Y., KLEIN A., 2012,</strong> “Archives et Emotions”, <em>Documentation et bibliothèques</em>, 58, 5-16</p> <p><strong>WAQUET F., 2019</strong>, <em>Une histoire émotionnelle du savoir : XVIIe-XXIe siècle,</em> Paris, CNRS Editions</p> <hr/><div class="citation"><p><span class="citation-title">OpenEdition vous propose de citer ce billet de la manière suivante :</span><br/>Lucas Guerillot (5 septembre 2022). Les Archives : Une Source d’émotions et de recherches. <em>Contrepoints</em>. 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