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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ring_Road_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ring Road (disambiguation)">Ring Road (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Beltway" redirects here. For the term used in American politics, see <a href="/wiki/Inside_the_Beltway" title="Inside the Beltway">Inside the Beltway</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p>A <b>ring road</b> (also known as <b>circular road,</b> <b>beltline</b>, <b>beltway</b>, <b>circumferential</b> (<b>high</b>)<b>way</b>, <b>loop</b> or <b>orbital</b>) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist in reducing traffic volumes in the urban centre, such as by offering an alternate route around the city for drivers who do not need to stop in the city core. Ring roads can also serve to connect suburbs to each other, allowing efficient travel between them. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheffield_inner_ring-road.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sheffield_inner_ring-road.png/220px-Sheffield_inner_ring-road.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sheffield_inner_ring-road.png/330px-Sheffield_inner_ring-road.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sheffield_inner_ring-road.png/440px-Sheffield_inner_ring-road.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="800"></a><figcaption>The inner ring road of <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, England</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Nomenclature"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Nomenclature</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Impact"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Impact</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Examples"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#United_States"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Canada"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Canada</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Europe"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Europe</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Some_maps_of_ring_roads_in_Europe"><span class="tocnumber">4.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Some maps of ring roads in Europe</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Asia-Pacific"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Asia-Pacific</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Africa"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Africa</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_road&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%A2%D0%9A_(%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%A2%D0%9A_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%29.jpg/300px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%A2%D0%9A_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1063"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 199px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%A2%D0%9A_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%29.jpg/300px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%A2%D0%9A_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%29.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="199" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%A2%D0%9A_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%29.jpg/450px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%A2%D0%9A_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%A2%D0%9A_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%29.jpg/600px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%A2%D0%9A_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Third_Ring_Road_(Moscow)" title="Third Ring Road (Moscow)">Third Ring Road</a> in the area of the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_International_Business_Center" title="Moscow International Business Center">Moscow International Business Center</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The name "ring road" is used for the majority of metropolitan circumferential routes in Europe, such as the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_10" title="Bundesautobahn 10">Berliner Ring</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Brussels_Ring" title="Brussels Ring">Brussels Ring</a>, the <a href="/wiki/A10_motorway_(Netherlands)" title="A10 motorway (Netherlands)">Amsterdam Ring</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Boulevard_P%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique" title="Boulevard Périphérique">Boulevard Périphérique</a> around <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a> <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Inner_Ring_Road" title="Leeds Inner Ring Road">Inner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Outer_Ring_Road" title="Leeds Outer Ring Road">Outer</a> ring roads. <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, Pakistan and India also use the term ring road, as in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/M80_Ring_Road,_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="M80 Ring Road, Melbourne">Western Ring Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ring_Road" title="Lahore Ring Road">Lahore Ring Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road_(Hyderabad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Outer Ring Road (Hyderabad)">Outer Ring Road</a>. In Canada the term is the most commonly used, with "orbital" also used, but to a much lesser extent. </p><p>In Europe and Australia, some ring roads, particularly longer ones of <a href="/wiki/Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorway">motorway</a> standard, are known as "orbital motorways". Examples are the <a href="/wiki/London_Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="London Orbital">London Orbital</a> (generally known as the M25; 188 km), <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Orbital_Network" title="Sydney Orbital Network">Sydney Orbital Network</a> (110 km) and <a href="/wiki/Grande_Raccordo_Anulare" title="Grande Raccordo Anulare">Rome Orbital</a> (68 km). </p><p>In the United States many ring roads are called <b>beltlines</b>, <b>beltways</b> or <b>loops</b>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Capital_Beltway" title="Capital Beltway">Capital Beltway</a> around <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> Some ring roads, such as Washington's Capital Beltway, use "Inner Loop" and "Outer Loop" <a href="/wiki/Inner/outer_directions" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner/outer directions">terminology</a> for directions of travel, since <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_directions" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal directions">cardinal (compass) directions</a> cannot be signed uniformly around the entire loop. The term 'ring road' is occasionally – and inaccurately – used interchangeably with the term '<a href="/wiki/Bypass_(road)" title="Bypass (road)">bypass</a>'. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_road&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sydney-orbital-black-line.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Map of the Sydney orbital network" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sydney-orbital-black-line.png/220px-Sydney-orbital-black-line.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2333" data-file-height="1711"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 161px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sydney-orbital-black-line.png/220px-Sydney-orbital-black-line.png" data-alt="Map of the Sydney orbital network" data-width="220" data-height="161" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sydney-orbital-black-line.png/330px-Sydney-orbital-black-line.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sydney-orbital-black-line.png/440px-Sydney-orbital-black-line.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Orbital_Network" title="Sydney Orbital Network">Sydney Orbital Network</a>, New South Wales, Australia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tribiano_-_tangenziale_est_esterna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tribiano_-_tangenziale_est_esterna.jpg/220px-Tribiano_-_tangenziale_est_esterna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tribiano_-_tangenziale_est_esterna.jpg/220px-Tribiano_-_tangenziale_est_esterna.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tribiano_-_tangenziale_est_esterna.jpg/330px-Tribiano_-_tangenziale_est_esterna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tribiano_-_tangenziale_est_esterna.jpg/440px-Tribiano_-_tangenziale_est_esterna.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A58" title="Autostrada A58">Autostrada A58</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> external east ring road, Italy. Together with the <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A50" title="Autostrada A50">Autostrada A50</a> (Milan west ring road), the <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A51" title="Autostrada A51">Autostrada A51</a> (Milan east ring road) and the <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A52" title="Autostrada A52">Autostrada A52</a> (Milan north ring road), it is the largest system of ring roads around a city in Italy, for a total length greater than 100 kilometres (62 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bypass_(road)" title="Bypass (road)">Bypasses</a> around many large and small towns were built in many areas when many old roads were converted to four-lane status in the 1930s to 1950s, such as those along the <a href="/wiki/National_Road" title="National Road">Old National Road</a> (now generally <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_40" title="U.S. Route 40">U.S. 40</a> or <a href="/wiki/Interstate_70" title="Interstate 70">Interstate 70</a>) in the United States, leaving the old road in place to serve the town or city, but allowing through travelers to continue on a wider, faster and safer route. </p><p>Construction of fully circumferential ring roads has generally occurred more recently, beginning in the 1960s in many areas, when the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a> and similar-quality roads elsewhere were designed. Ring roads have now been built around numerous cities and metropolitan areas, including cities with multiple ring roads, irregularly shaped ring roads and ring roads made up of various other long-distance roads. </p><p><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> has three ring roads (the <a href="/wiki/M25_motorway" title="M25 motorway">M25 motorway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/A406_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A406 road">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/A205" class="mw-redirect" title="A205">South Circular</a> roads and the <a href="/wiki/London_Inner_Ring_Road" title="London Inner Ring Road">Inner Ring Road</a>). <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> also has three ring roads which consist of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Box&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birmingham Box (page does not exist)">Birmingham Box</a>; the <a href="/wiki/A4540" class="mw-redirect" title="A4540">A4540</a>, commonly known as the Middleway; and the <a href="/wiki/A4040" class="mw-redirect" title="A4040">A4040</a>, the Outer Ring Road. Birmingham once had a fourth ring road, the <a href="/wiki/A4400" class="mw-redirect" title="A4400">A4400</a>. This has been partially demolished and downgraded to improve traffic flow into the city. Other British cities have two: <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_OH" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, OH">Cleveland, OH</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio, TX">San Antonio, TX</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, also each have two, while <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a> will have three official ring roads (not including the downtown freeway loop). Some cities have far more – <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, for example, has <a href="/wiki/Ring_roads_of_Beijing" title="Ring roads of Beijing">six ring roads</a>, simply numbered in increasing order from the city center (though skipping #1), while Moscow has five, three innermost (<a href="/wiki/Central_Squares_of_Moscow" title="Central Squares of Moscow">Central Squares of Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Ring" title="Boulevard Ring">Boulevard Ring</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garden_Ring" title="Garden Ring">Garden Ring</a>) corresponding to the concentric lines of fortifications around the ancient city, and the two outermost (<a href="/wiki/MKAD" class="mw-redirect" title="MKAD">MKAD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Ring_Road_(Moscow)" title="Third Ring Road (Moscow)">Third Ring</a>) built in the twentieth century, though, confusingly, the Third Ring was built last. </p><p>Geographical constraints can complicate the construction of a complete ring road. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_695_(Maryland)" title="Interstate 695 (Maryland)">Baltimore Beltway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> formerly crossed <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore Harbor">Baltimore Harbor</a> on a high arch <a href="/wiki/Francis_Scott_Key_Bridge_(Baltimore)" title="Francis Scott Key Bridge (Baltimore)">bridge</a> prior to its collapse in 2024, and much of the partially completed <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Ring_Road" title="Stockholm Ring Road">Stockholm Ring Road</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> runs through tunnels or over long bridges. Some towns or cities on sea coasts or near rugged mountains cannot have a full ring road. Examples of such partial ring roads are Dublin's <a href="/wiki/M50_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M50 motorway (Ireland)">ring road</a>; and, in the USA, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_287" title="Interstate 287">Interstate 287</a>, mostly in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> (bypassing New York City), and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Massachusetts)" title="Interstate 495 (Massachusetts)">Interstate 495</a> around <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, none of which completely circles these seaport cities. </p><p>In other cases, adjacent international boundaries may prevent ring road completion. Construction of a true ring road around <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> is effectively blocked by its location on the border with Canada and the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a>; although constructing a route mostly or entirely outside city limits is technically feasible, a true ring around Detroit would necessarily pass through Canada, and so <a href="/wiki/Interstate_275_(Michigan)" title="Interstate 275 (Michigan)">Interstate 275</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_696" title="Interstate 696">Interstate 696</a> together bypass but do not encircle the city. Sometimes, the presence of significant natural or historical areas limits route options, as for the long-proposed <a href="/wiki/Washington_Outer_Beltway" title="Washington Outer Beltway">Outer Beltway</a> around Washington, D.C., where options for a new western <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> crossing are limited by a nearly continuous corridor of heavily visited scenic, natural, and historical landscapes in the <a href="/wiki/Mather_Gorge" title="Mather Gorge">Potomac River Gorge</a> and adjacent areas. </p><p>When referring to a road encircling a capital city, the term "beltway" can also have a political connotation, as in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> term "<a href="/wiki/Inside_the_Beltway_(terminology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inside the Beltway (terminology)">Inside the Beltway</a>", derived <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonymically</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Capital_Beltway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)">Capital Beltway</a> encircling Washington, D.C. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_road&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Impact" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Ring roads have been criticised for <a href="/wiki/Induced_demand" title="Induced demand">inducing demand</a>, leading to more car journeys being taken and thus higher levels of pollution being created. By creating easy access by car to large areas of land, they can also act as a catalyst for development, leading to <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a> and car-centric planning.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ring roads have also been criticised for splitting communities and being difficult to navigate for pedestrians and cyclists.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_road&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Examples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ring_roads" title="List of ring roads">List of ring roads</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuffield_Hospital,_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_104749.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nuffield_Hospital%2C_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_104749.jpg/220px-Nuffield_Hospital%2C_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_104749.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nuffield_Hospital%2C_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_104749.jpg/220px-Nuffield_Hospital%2C_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_104749.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nuffield_Hospital%2C_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_104749.jpg/330px-Nuffield_Hospital%2C_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_104749.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nuffield_Hospital%2C_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_104749.jpg/440px-Nuffield_Hospital%2C_Leeds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_104749.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Inner_Ring_Road" title="Leeds Inner Ring Road">Leeds Inner Ring Road</a> in England was built in a series of tunnels to save space and avoid physically separating the city's centre from its suburbs.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sardar_Patel_Ring_Road_Ahmedabad.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sardar_Patel_Ring_Road_Ahmedabad.png/220px-Sardar_Patel_Ring_Road_Ahmedabad.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="913" data-file-height="997"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 240px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sardar_Patel_Ring_Road_Ahmedabad.png/220px-Sardar_Patel_Ring_Road_Ahmedabad.png" data-width="220" data-height="240" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sardar_Patel_Ring_Road_Ahmedabad.png/330px-Sardar_Patel_Ring_Road_Ahmedabad.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sardar_Patel_Ring_Road_Ahmedabad.png/440px-Sardar_Patel_Ring_Road_Ahmedabad.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Patel_Ring_Road" title="Sardar Patel Ring Road">Sardar Patel Ring Road</a>, Ahmedabad</figcaption></figure> <p>Most orbital motorways (or beltways) are purpose-built major highways around a town or city, typically without either signals or road or railroad crossings. In the United States, beltways are commonly parts of the Interstate Highway System. Similar roads in the United Kingdom are often called "orbital motorways". Although the terms "ring road" and "orbital motorway" are sometimes used interchangeably, "ring road" often indicates a circumferential route formed from one or more existing roads within a city or town, with the standard of road being anything from an ordinary city street up to motorway level. An excellent example of this is London's North Circular/South Circular ring roads, which are largely made up of (mainly congested) ordinary city streets. </p><p>In some cases, a circumferential route is formed by the combination of a major through highway and a similar-quality loop route that extends out from the parent road, later reconnecting with the same highway. Such loops not only function as a <a href="/wiki/Bypass_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Bypass route">bypass</a> for through traffic, but also to serve outlying <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburbs</a>. In the United States, an Interstate highway loop is usually designated by a three-digit number beginning with an even digit before the two-digit number of its parent interstate. Interstate spurs, on the other hand, generally have three-digit numbers beginning with an odd digit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_road&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 290px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="10" data-lat="38.906" data-lon="-77.033" data-overlays='["_509d6d636506d5b98b0c5f13ad608306b047a691"]' href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/38.906/-77.033/en"><noscript><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,38.906,-77.033,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ring_road&revid=1258736261&groups=_509d6d636506d5b98b0c5f13ad608306b047a691" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" alt="Map"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 290px;" data-src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,38.906,-77.033,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ring_road&revid=1258736261&groups=_509d6d636506d5b98b0c5f13ad608306b047a691" data-alt="Map" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,38.906,-77.033,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ring_road&revid=1258736261&groups=_509d6d636506d5b98b0c5f13ad608306b047a691 2x"> </span></a><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Capital_Beltway" title="Capital Beltway">Capital Beltway</a> around <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I275_in_Sharonville.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/I275_in_Sharonville.jpg/220px-I275_in_Sharonville.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/I275_in_Sharonville.jpg/220px-I275_in_Sharonville.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/I275_in_Sharonville.jpg/330px-I275_in_Sharonville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/I275_in_Sharonville.jpg/440px-I275_in_Sharonville.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>I-275 passing through Sharonville (suburb of Cincinnati, OH)</figcaption></figure> <p>Circumferential highways are prominent features in or near many large cities in the United States. In many cases, such as <a href="/wiki/Interstate_285_(Georgia)" title="Interstate 285 (Georgia)">Interstate 285</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>, circumferential highways serve as a bypass while other highways pass directly through the city center. In other cases, a primary Interstate highway passes around a city on one side, with a connecting loop Interstate bypassing the city on the other side, together forming a circumferential route, as with <a href="/wiki/I-93" class="mw-redirect" title="I-93">I-93</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Massachusetts)" title="Interstate 495 (Massachusetts)">I-495</a> in the area of <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Massachusetts" title="Lawrence, Massachusetts">Lawrence, Massachusetts</a>. However, if a primary Interstate passes through a city and a loop bypasses it on only one side (as in the <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>, area), no fully circumferential route is provided. Within cities, ring roads sometimes have local nicknames; these include <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington DC's</a> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Beltway_District_of_Columbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 495 (Beltway District of Columbia)">Interstate 495</a> (The "Capital Beltway"), <a href="/wiki/Interstate_270_(Ohio)" title="Interstate 270 (Ohio)">Interstate 270</a> in <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a> (The "Outerbelt"), and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_285_(Georgia)" title="Interstate 285 (Georgia)">Interstate 285</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> (The "Perimeter"). </p><p>Route numbering is challenging when a through highway and a loop bypass together form a circumferential ring road. Since neither of the highways involved is circumferential itself, either dual signage or two (or more) route numbers is needed. The history of signage on the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Capital_Beltway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)">Capital Beltway</a> around Washington, D.C., is instructive here. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">Interstate 95</a>, a major through highway along the U.S. <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a>, was originally planned as a through-the-city route there, with the Beltway encircling the city as I-495. The portion of I-95 entering the city from the south was soon completed (and so signed), primarily by adapting an existing major highway, but the planned extension of I-95 through residential areas northward to the Beltway was long delayed, and eventually abandoned, leaving the eastern portion of the Beltway as the best Interstate-quality route for through traffic. </p><p>This eastern portion of the Beltway was then redesignated from I-495 to I-95, leaving the I-495 designation only on the western portion, and the completed part of the planned Interstate inside the Beltway was redesignated as a spur, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_395_(District_of_Columbia%E2%80%93Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 395 (District of Columbia–Virginia)">I-395</a>. A few years later, the resulting confusion from different route numbers on the circumferential Beltway was resolved by restoring I-495 signage for the entire Beltway, with dual signage for I-95 for the highway's concurrent use as a through Interstate on its eastern portion. </p><p>The longest complete beltway in the United States is the <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_Loop_1604" title="Texas State Highway Loop 1604">Charles W. Anderson Loop</a>, a 94-mile (151 km) loop in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> that forms a complete loop around the <a href="/wiki/Greater_San_Antonio" title="Greater San Antonio">Greater San Antonio</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The longest complete belt road, or a beltway that is only two lanes, in the United States is <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Belt_Road" title="Hawaii Belt Road">Hawaii Belt Road</a>, a 260-mile (420 km) belt in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> that forms a complete belt road around <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii Island">Hawaii Island</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other major U.S. cities with such a beltway superhighway: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_285_(Georgia)" title="Interstate 285 (Georgia)">Interstate 285</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens,_Georgia" title="Athens, Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_10_Loop_(Athens)" title="Georgia State Route 10 Loop (Athens)">Georgia State Route 10 Loop/Athens Perimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Georgia" title="Augusta, Georgia">Augusta, Georgia</a>/<a href="/wiki/North_Augusta,_South_Carolina" title="North Augusta, South Carolina">North Augusta, South Carolina</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_520" title="Interstate 520">Interstate 520</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20" title="Interstate 20">Interstate 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_695_(Maryland)" title="Interstate 695 (Maryland)">Interstate 695</a> formerly including the <a href="/wiki/Francis_Scott_Key_Bridge_(Baltimore)" title="Francis Scott Key Bridge (Baltimore)">Francis Scott Key Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>—<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_128" title="Massachusetts Route 128">Route 128</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Massachusetts" title="Interstate 95 in Massachusetts">Interstate 95</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_93" title="Interstate 93">Interstate 93</a>/<a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1_in_Massachusetts" title="U.S. Route 1 in Massachusetts">U.S. Route 1</a> form an inner beltway, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Massachusetts)" title="Interstate 495 (Massachusetts)">Interstate 495</a> forms an outer beltway. Inside the inner Route 128/I-95 and I-95/US 1 beltway, there were proposals (now canceled) for another beltway (at the time called the "Inner Belt" that would have carried I-95 and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_695_(Massachusetts)" title="Interstate 695 (Massachusetts)">Interstate 695</a>; I-95 would have used a small southeastern portion of the beltway, while the rest of the belt would have carried Interstate 695.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_459" title="Interstate 459">Interstate 459</a> and proposed/under construction <a href="/wiki/Interstate_422" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 422">Interstate 422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_485" title="Interstate 485">Interstate 485</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_277_(North_Carolina)" title="Interstate 277 (North Carolina)">Interstate 277</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_294" title="Interstate 294">Interstate 294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_275_(Ohio%E2%80%93Indiana%E2%80%93Kentucky)" title="Interstate 275 (Ohio–Indiana–Kentucky)">Interstate 275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_271_(Ohio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 271 (Ohio)">Interstate 271</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_480_(Ohio)" title="Interstate 480 (Ohio)">Interstate 480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia, South Carolina</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_26" title="Interstate 26">Interstate 26</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_77" title="Interstate 77">Interstate 77</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20" title="Interstate 20">Interstate 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_270_(Ohio)" title="Interstate 270 (Ohio)">Interstate 270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>—<a href="/wiki/Dallas#Transportation" title="Dallas">Downtown Circulator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20" title="Interstate 20">Interstate 20</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interstate_635_(Texas)" title="Interstate 635 (Texas)">Interstate 635</a>/<a href="/wiki/Loop_12" class="mw-redirect" title="Loop 12">Loop 12</a>, and <a href="/wiki/President_George_Bush_Turnpike" title="President George Bush Turnpike">President George Bush Turnpike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>—(Partial) <a href="/wiki/Colorado_State_Highway_470" title="Colorado State Highway 470">Colorado State Highway 470</a> and <a href="/wiki/E-470" title="E-470">E-470</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, Iowa</a>-<a href="/wiki/Interstate_35" title="Interstate 35">Interstate 35</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interstate_80" title="Interstate 80">Interstate 80</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_69" title="U.S. Route 69">U.S. Route 69</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Highway_5" title="Iowa Highway 5">Iowa Highway 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_275_(Michigan)" title="Interstate 275 (Michigan)">Interstate 275</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_696" title="Interstate 696">Interstate 696</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dothan,_Alabama" title="Dothan, Alabama">Dothan, Alabama</a>−<a href="/wiki/Ross_Clark_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ross Clark Circle">Ross Clark Circle</a>; <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_231" title="U.S. Route 231">U.S. Route 231</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_431" title="U.S. Route 431">U.S. Route 431</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_84" title="U.S. Route 84">U.S. Route 84</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alabama_State_Route_210" title="Alabama State Route 210">Alabama State Route 210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a> – <a href="/wiki/Loop_375" class="mw-redirect" title="Loop 375">Loop 375</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_69" title="Interstate 69">Interstate 69</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_469" title="Interstate 469">Interstate 469</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_20" title="Interstate 20">Interstate 20</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interstate_820" title="Interstate 820">Interstate 820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_85_in_North_Carolina" title="Interstate 85 in North Carolina">Interstate 85</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_840_(North_Carolina)" title="Interstate 840 (North Carolina)">Interstate 840</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_73_in_North_Carolina" title="Interstate 73 in North Carolina">Interstate 73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii Island">Hawaii Island</a>—<a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Belt_Road" title="Hawaii Belt Road">Hawaii Belt Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_610_(Texas)" title="Interstate 610 (Texas)">Interstate 610</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_Beltway_8" title="Texas State Highway Beltway 8">Beltway 8</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_99" title="Texas State Highway 99">Grand Parkway</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_465" title="Interstate 465">Interstate 465</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_295_(Florida)" title="Interstate 295 (Florida)">Interstate 295</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Kansas" title="Kansas City, Kansas">Kansas City, Kansas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_435" title="Interstate 435">Interstate 435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing, Michigan</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_96" title="Interstate 96">Interstate 96</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69_in_Michigan" title="Interstate 69 in Michigan">Interstate 69</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_127_in_Michigan" title="U.S. Route 127 in Michigan">U.S Route 127</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_496" title="Interstate 496">Interstate 496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_215_(Nevada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 215 (Nevada)">Interstate 215</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a>—<a href="/wiki/New_Circle_Road" title="New Circle Road">KY-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville</a>- <a href="/wiki/Interstate_264_(Kentucky)" title="Interstate 264 (Kentucky)">Interstate 264</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_265" title="Interstate 265">Interstate 265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock, Texas</a>—<a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_Loop_289" title="Texas State Highway Loop 289">Loop 289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_240_(Tennessee)" title="Interstate 240 (Tennessee)">Interstate 240</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_40_(Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 40 (Tennessee)">Interstate 40</a> (Inner Beltway); <a href="/wiki/Interstate_269" title="Interstate 269">Interstate 269</a> (Outer Beltway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_94" title="Interstate 94">Interstate 94</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_494" title="Interstate 494">Interstate 494</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_694" title="Interstate 694">Interstate 694</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>—Downtown Loop (<a href="/wiki/Interstate_24" title="Interstate 24">Interstate 24</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_40" title="Interstate 40">Interstate 40</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_65" title="Interstate 65">Interstate 65</a>), <a href="/wiki/Interstate_440_(Tennessee)" title="Interstate 440 (Tennessee)">Interstate 440</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Briley_Parkway" class="mw-redirect" title="Briley Parkway">Briley Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_44" title="Interstate 44">Interstate 44</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_Turnpike" title="Kickapoo Turnpike">Kickapoo Turnpike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_40_(Oklahoma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 40 (Oklahoma)">Interstate 40</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_240_(Oklahoma)" title="Interstate 240 (Oklahoma)">Interstate 240</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Highway_152" title="Oklahoma State Highway 152">OK-152</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Kilpatrick_Turnpike" title="John Kilpatrick Turnpike">John Kilpatrick Turnpike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_287" title="Interstate 287">Interstate 287</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a>—<a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads_Beltway" title="Hampton Roads Beltway">Hampton Roads Beltway</a>; <a href="/wiki/Interstate_64" title="Interstate 64">Interstate 64</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_664" title="Interstate 664">Interstate 664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_476" title="Interstate 476">Interstate 476</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_276" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 276">Interstate 276</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Pennsylvania" title="Interstate 95 in Pennsylvania">Interstate 95</a> around Philadelphia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_676" title="Interstate 676">Interstate 676</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schuylkill_Expressway" title="Schuylkill Expressway">Schuylkill Expressway</a> around Center City and Camden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Pennsylvania" title="Interstate 95 in Pennsylvania">Interstate 95 in PA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Delaware" title="Interstate 95 in Delaware">DE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_295_(Delaware%E2%80%93Pennsylvania)" title="Interstate 295 (Delaware–Pennsylvania)">Interstate 295</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a>—<a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_Route_101" title="Arizona State Route 101">Arizona State Route 101</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_Route_202" title="Arizona State Route 202">Arizona State Route 202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_79" title="Interstate 79">Interstate 79</a>, the mainline <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Turnpike" title="Pennsylvania Turnpike">Pennsylvania Turnpike</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_County_belt_system" title="Allegheny County belt system">Allegheny County belt system</a>. (all <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> or, in the case of the latter, largely on surface streets) The <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Route_576" title="Pennsylvania Route 576">Southern Beltway</a>, which is currently under construction, will serve as a true beltway.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_405_(Oregon)" title="Interstate 405 (Oregon)">Interstate 405</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_205_(Oregon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 205 (Oregon)">Interstate 205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a>—<a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Route_10" title="Rhode Island Route 10">Rhode Island Route 10</a> serves as a partial inner beltway, while <a href="/wiki/Interstate_295_(Rhode_Island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 295 (Rhode Island)">Interstate 295</a> serves as a partial beltway to the west of Providence. Two different proposals (both since canceled) would have completed the outer I-295 beltway; the unbuilt sections were going to be designated <a href="/wiki/Interstate_895_(Rhode_Island-Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 895 (Rhode Island-Massachusetts)">Interstate 895</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_540_(North_Carolina)" title="Interstate 540 (North Carolina)">Interstate 540/North Carolina State Route 540</a> (Raleigh Outer Loop) and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_440_(North_Carolina)" title="Interstate 440 (North Carolina)">Interstate 440</a> (Raleigh Beltline)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a>/<a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia" title="Petersburg, Virginia">Petersburg, Virginia</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_295_(Virginia)" title="Interstate 295 (Virginia)">Interstate 295</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento">Sacramento</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_80_in_California" title="Interstate 80 in California">Interstate 80</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_50_in_California" title="U.S. Route 50 in California">U.S. Route 50</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80_Business_(Sacramento,_California)" title="Interstate 80 Business (Sacramento, California)">Capital City Freeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Louis, Missouri">Saint Louis, Missouri</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_255" title="Interstate 255">Interstate 255</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_270_(Illinois%E2%80%93Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 270 (Illinois–Missouri)">Interstate 270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_215_(Utah)" title="Interstate 215 (Utah)">Interstate 215</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>—<a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Antonio#Transportation" title="Downtown San Antonio">Downtown Circulator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_410" title="Interstate 410">Interstate 410</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Loop_1604" class="mw-redirect" title="Loop 1604">Loop 1604</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>—<a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_54" title="California State Route 54">California State Route 54</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_125" title="California State Route 125">California State Route 125</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_52" title="California State Route 52">California State Route 52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_280_(California)" title="Interstate 280 (California)">Interstate 280</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_680_(California)" title="Interstate 680 (California)">Interstate 680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton, Pennsylvania</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_81" title="Interstate 81">Interstate 81</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_476" title="Interstate 476">Interstate 476</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a>—<a href="/wiki/Interstate_475_(Ohio)" title="Interstate 475 (Ohio)">Interstate 475 (Ohio)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_75_(Ohio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 75 (Ohio)">Interstate 75</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Turnpike" title="Ohio Turnpike">Ohio Turnpike</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_280_(Ohio)" title="Interstate 280 (Ohio)">Interstate 280</a></li></ul> <p>There are other U.S. superhighway beltway systems that consist of multiple routes that require multiple interchanges and thus do not provide true ring routes. Two designated examples are the <a href="/wiki/Capital_Beltway_(Harrisburg)" title="Capital Beltway (Harrisburg)">Capital Beltway</a> around <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg, Pennsylvania</a> using <a href="/wiki/Interstate_81" title="Interstate 81">Interstate 81</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_83" title="Interstate 83">Interstate 83</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Route_581" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Route 581">Pennsylvania Route 581</a> and "The Bypass" around <a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend, Indiana</a> using <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80" title="Interstate 80">Interstate 80</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_90" title="Interstate 90">Interstate 90</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_31" title="U.S. Route 31">U.S. Route 31</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_Road_331" title="Indiana State Road 331">Indiana State Road 331</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_road&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Canada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AnthonyHendayDrive.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/AnthonyHendayDrive.JPG/220px-AnthonyHendayDrive.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="2981"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/AnthonyHendayDrive.JPG/220px-AnthonyHendayDrive.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/AnthonyHendayDrive.JPG/330px-AnthonyHendayDrive.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/AnthonyHendayDrive.JPG/440px-AnthonyHendayDrive.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The Anthony Henday Drive ring road in Edmonton</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a>, Alberta, has two ring roads. The first is a loose conglomeration of four major <a href="/wiki/Arterial_roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Arterial roads">arterial roads</a> with an average distance of 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the downtown core. <a href="/wiki/Yellowhead_Trail" title="Yellowhead Trail">Yellowhead Trail</a> forms the northern section, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Gretzky_Drive" title="Wayne Gretzky Drive">Wayne Gretzky Drive</a>/75 Street forms the eastern section, <a href="/wiki/Whitemud_Drive" title="Whitemud Drive">Whitemud Drive</a> forms the southern and longest section, and <a href="/wiki/170_Street,_Edmonton" title="170 Street, Edmonton">170 Street</a> forms the western and shortest section. Whitemud Drive is the only section that is a true <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">controlled-access highway</a>, while Yellowhead Trail and Wayne Gretzky Drive have interchanges and intersections and are therefore both <a href="/wiki/Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">limited-access roads</a>. 170 Street and 75 Street are merely large arterial roads with intersections only.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second and more prominent ring road is named <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Henday_Drive" title="Anthony Henday Drive">Anthony Henday Drive</a>; it circles the city at an average distance of 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the downtown core. It is a freeway for its entire 78-kilometre (48 mi) length, and was built to reduce inner-city traffic congestion, created a bypass of Yellowhead Trail, and has improved the movement of goods and services across Edmonton and the surrounding areas. It was completed in October 2016 as the first free-flowing orbital road in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NEdone_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEdone-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stoney_Trail" title="Stoney Trail">Stoney Trail</a> is a ring road that circles the city of <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, Alberta, for an entire length of 101-kilometre (63 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, Manitoba, has a ring road which is called the <a href="/wiki/Perimeter_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Perimeter Highway">Perimeter Highway</a>. It is designated as <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Highway_101" class="mw-redirect" title="Manitoba Highway 101">Manitoba Highway 101</a> on the north, northwest and east sides and as <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Highway_100" class="mw-redirect" title="Manitoba Highway 100">Manitoba Highway 100</a> on the south and southwest sides. The majority of it is a four-lane divided <a href="/wiki/Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">expressway</a>. It has a second ring road, planned since the 1950s and not yet completed, called the Suburban Beltway. It consists of several roads—<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lagimodi%C3%A8re_Boulevard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lagimodière Boulevard (page does not exist)">Lagimodière Boulevard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Route_165" title="Winnipeg Route 165">Abinojii Mikanah</a>, the Fort Garry Bridge, the Moray Bridge, <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Route_96" title="Winnipeg Route 96">William R Clement Parkway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Route_17" title="Winnipeg Route 17">Chief Peguis Trail</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kildonan_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kildonan Bridge (page does not exist)">Kildonan Bridge</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a>, Saskatchewan, has a ring road named Circle Drive. It is cosigned as <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_16" title="Saskatchewan Highway 16">Saskatchewan Highway 16</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_11" title="Saskatchewan Highway 11">Saskatchewan Highway 11</a> along the whole route since the 2013 opening of Circle Drive South. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a>, Saskatchewan has a partial ring road that is named <a href="/wiki/Ring_Road_(Regina,_Saskatchewan)" title="Ring Road (Regina, Saskatchewan)">Ring Road</a>; however, due to the city's urban growth since the road was originally constructed, it no longer functions as a true ring road and has instead come to be used partially for local arterial traffic. The <a href="/wiki/Regina_Bypass" title="Regina Bypass">Regina Bypass</a>, a new partial ring road, has replaced it, although Ring Road must still be used in the northeast quadrant of the city. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a>, Ontario, has the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_M._Alexander_Parkway" title="Lincoln M. Alexander Parkway">Lincoln M. Alexander Parkway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_403" title="Ontario Highway 403">Highway 403</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Hill_Valley_Parkway" title="Red Hill Valley Parkway">Red Hill Valley Parkway</a> which form a ring on three sides. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Sudbury</a>, Ontario, has a partial ring road consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_and_Southeast_Bypasses" title="Southwest and Southeast Bypasses">Southwest and Southeast Bypasses</a> segment of <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_17" title="Ontario Highway 17">Highway 17</a>, and the Northwest Bypass segment of <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_144" title="Ontario Highway 144">Highway 144</a>. An unofficial northeast "bypass" route can also be completed on city arterial roads that largely bypass the urban core of the city, but are not fully controlled-access and must be shared with local traffic in the <a href="/wiki/Nickel_Centre" title="Nickel Centre">Nickel Centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rayside-Balfour" title="Rayside-Balfour">Rayside-Balfour</a> districts of the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_road&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Europe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autostrada_A90_Italia_2011-by-RaBoe-122.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Autostrada_A90_Italia_2011-by-RaBoe-122.jpg/220px-Autostrada_A90_Italia_2011-by-RaBoe-122.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="714"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 131px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Autostrada_A90_Italia_2011-by-RaBoe-122.jpg/220px-Autostrada_A90_Italia_2011-by-RaBoe-122.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="131" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Autostrada_A90_Italia_2011-by-RaBoe-122.jpg/330px-Autostrada_A90_Italia_2011-by-RaBoe-122.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Autostrada_A90_Italia_2011-by-RaBoe-122.jpg/440px-Autostrada_A90_Italia_2011-by-RaBoe-122.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grande_Raccordo_Anulare" title="Grande Raccordo Anulare">Grande Raccordo Anulare</a>, the ring road of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> <p>Most major cities in Europe are served by a ring road that circles either the inner core of their metropolitan areas or the outer borders of the city proper or both. In major transit hubs, such as the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> region surrounding Paris and the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> area, major national highways converge just outside city limits before forming one of several routes of an urban network of roads circling the city. Unlike in United States, route numbering is not a challenge on European ring roads as routes merge to form the single designated road. However, exit and road junction access can be challenging due to the complexity of other routes branching from or into the ring road. </p><p>One of the most renowned ring roads is the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Ring_Road" title="Vienna Ring Road">Vienna Ring Road</a> (<i>Ringstraße</i>), a grand boulevard constructed in the mid-19th century and filled with representative buildings. Due to its unique architectural beauty and history, it has also been called the "Lord of the ring roads", and is declared by UNESCO as part of Vienna's <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major European cities that are served by a ring road or ring road system: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, Netherlands – <a href="/wiki/A10_motorway_(Netherlands)" title="A10 motorway (Netherlands)">A10 motorway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, Belgium – <a href="/wiki/R1_ring_road_(Belgium)" title="R1 ring road (Belgium)">R1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece – <a href="/wiki/Attiki_Odos" title="Attiki Odos">Attiki Odos</a> (Motorway A6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain – <a href="/wiki/Ronda_de_Dalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronda de Dalt">Ronda de Dalt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronda_Litoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronda Litoral">Ronda Litoral</a> (inner city), B30 and B40 (metropolitan region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia – <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_bypass" title="Belgrade bypass">Belgrade bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany – <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_100" title="Bundesautobahn 100">Bundesautobahn 100</a> (inner city), <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_111" title="Bundesautobahn 111">Bundesautobahn 111</a> (city proper), <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_10" title="Bundesautobahn 10">Bundesautobahn 10</a> (inner metropolitan region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, England – <a href="/wiki/A4400" class="mw-redirect" title="A4400">A4400</a> (Birmingham Queensway); <a href="/wiki/A4540" class="mw-redirect" title="A4540">A4540</a> (Birmingham Middleway); <a href="/wiki/A4040" class="mw-redirect" title="A4040">A4040</a> (Birmingham Outer Circle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, Italy – <a href="/wiki/Tangenziale_di_Bologna" title="Tangenziale di Bologna">Tangenziale di Bologna</a> (periphery half-ring road) and Viali di Circonvallazione (full and inner ring road: around the city center)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, France – <a href="/wiki/Rocade_de_Bordeaux" title="Rocade de Bordeaux">Rocade de Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, Slovakia – <a href="/wiki/D4_motorway_(Slovakia)" title="D4 motorway (Slovakia)">D4 motorway</a> (Bratislavsky okruch)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium – <a href="/wiki/Small_ring_(Brussels)" class="mw-redirect" title="Small ring (Brussels)">Petite ceinture/Kleine ring</a> (inner city), <a href="/wiki/Greater_ring_(Brussels)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater ring (Brussels)">R22</a> (outer districts), <a href="/wiki/Brussels_Ring" title="Brussels Ring">Brussels Ring</a> (city proper)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Romania – <a href="/wiki/A0_motorway_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="A0 motorway (Romania)">A0 Motorway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary – <a href="/wiki/M0_motorway_(Hungary)" title="M0 motorway (Hungary)">M0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a>, France – <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_(Caen)" title="Périphérique (Caen)">Périphérique de Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a>, Italy – <a href="/wiki/Tangenziale_di_Catania" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangenziale di Catania">Tangenziale di Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleroi" title="Charleroi">Charleroi</a>, Belgium – <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_belge_R9" class="extiw" title="fr:Ring belge R9">R9</a> (inner city), <a href="/wiki/R3_(ring_road)" title="R3 (ring road)">R3</a> (inner metropolitan region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, Germany – <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Ring" title="Cologne Ring">Cologne Ring</a> (inner city), <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Beltway" title="Cologne Beltway">Cologne Beltway</a> (metropolitan region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark – <a href="/wiki/Ring_2_(Copenhagen)" title="Ring 2 (Copenhagen)">Ring 2</a>, <a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_3_(K%C3%B8benhavn)" class="extiw" title="da:Ring 3 (København)">Ring 3</a>, <a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_4_(K%C3%B8benhavn)" class="extiw" title="da:Ring 4 (København)">Ring 4</a>, <a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorring_3" class="extiw" title="da:Motorring 3">Motorring 3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motorring_4" title="Motorring 4">Motorring 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland – <a href="/wiki/M50_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M50 motorway (Ireland)">M50 motorway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, Germany – <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_66" title="Bundesautobahn 66">Bundesautobahn 66</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_661" title="Bundesautobahn 661">Bundesautobahn 661</a> (city proper), <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Kreuz" title="Frankfurter Kreuz">Frankfurter Kreuz</a> system (inner metropolitan region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>, Belgium – R4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, Scotland – <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Inner_Ring_Road" title="Glasgow Inner Ring Road">Glasgow Inner Ring Road</a> (inner city)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany – <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Wallring" title="Hamburg Wallring">Inner Ring</a> (inner city)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland – <a href="/wiki/Ring_I" title="Ring I">Ring I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ring_III" title="Ring III">Ring III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herning" title="Herning">Herning</a>, Denmark – <a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messemotorvejen" class="extiw" title="da:Messemotorvejen">Messemotorvejen</a>, <a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messemotorvejens_forl%C3%A6ngelse" class="extiw" title="da:Messemotorvejens forlængelse">Messemotorvejens forlængelse</a>, <a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindingvej" class="extiw" title="da:Sindingvej">Sindingvej</a>, <a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midtjyske_Motorvej" class="extiw" title="da:Midtjyske Motorvej">Midtjyske Motorvej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a>, Slovakia – <a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestsk%C3%BD_okruh_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo_1_(Ko%C5%A1ice)" class="extiw" title="sk:Mestský okruh číslo 1 (Košice)">Ring road 1 (MO 1)</a> <a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestsk%C3%BD_okruh_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo_2_(Ko%C5%A1ice)" class="extiw" title="sk:Mestský okruh číslo 2 (Košice)">Ring road 2 (MO 2)</a><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesta_I._triedy_16_(Slovensko)" class="extiw" title="sk:Cesta I. triedy 16 (Slovensko)">I/16</a> and <a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesta_I._triedy_20_(Slovensko)" class="extiw" title="sk:Cesta I. triedy 20 (Slovensko)">I/20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, England – <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Inner_Ring_Road" title="Leeds Inner Ring Road">Leeds Inner Ring Road</a> (inner city), <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Outer_Ring_Road" title="Leeds Outer Ring Road">Leeds Outer Ring Road</a> (suburbs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, Germany – <a href="/wiki/Inner_City_Ring_Road_(Leipzig)" title="Inner City Ring Road (Leipzig)">Inner City Ring Road (Leipzig)</a> (inner city), <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitteldeutsche_Schleife" class="extiw" title="de:Mitteldeutsche Schleife">de:Mitteldeutsche Schleife</a> (double ring road of the <a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle</a>-<a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> metropolitan region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England – <a href="/wiki/London_Inner_Ring_Road" title="London Inner Ring Road">London Inner Ring Road</a> (inner city), <a href="/wiki/North_Circular_Road,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="North Circular Road, London">North Circular Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Circular_Road,_London" title="South Circular Road, London">South Circular Road</a> (inner suburbs), <a href="/wiki/M25_motorway" title="M25 motorway">M25 motorway</a> (metropolitan region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal – 2ª Circular (Inner City), <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Portugal#Itiner.C3.A1rios_complementares" title="Roads in Portugal">IC17-CRIL</a> (City Proper), <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Portugal#Autoestradas" title="Roads in Portugal">IC18/A9-CREL</a> (Metropolitan Region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France – <a href="/wiki/A7_autoroute" title="A7 autoroute">A7 autoroute</a> and <a href="/wiki/A46_autoroute" title="A46 autoroute">A46 autoroute</a> (city proper)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, Slovenia – <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana_Ring_Road" title="Ljubljana Ring Road">Ljubljana Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain – <a href="/wiki/Autopista_de_Circunvalaci%C3%B3n_M-30" title="Autopista de Circunvalación M-30">M-30</a> (inner city), <a href="/wiki/Autopista_de_Circunvalaci%C3%B3n_M-40" title="Autopista de Circunvalación M-40">M-40</a> (inner metropolitan region), <a href="/wiki/M-50_(Spain)" title="M-50 (Spain)">M-50</a> (outer metropolitan region, incomplete)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a>, Sweden – Inre ringvägen (inner city), <a href="/wiki/European_route_E6" title="European route E6">E6</a> & <a href="/wiki/European_route_E20" title="European route E20">E20</a> (outer city city)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, England – <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Inner_Ring_Road" title="Manchester Inner Ring Road">Manchester Inner Ring Road</a> (inner city), <a href="/wiki/M60_motorway_(Great_Britain)" title="M60 motorway (Great Britain)">M60 motorway</a> (metropolitan region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Italy – <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A4_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A4 (Italy)">Autostrada A4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A50_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autostrada A50 (Italy)">Autostrada A50</a> (West), <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A51_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autostrada A51 (Italy)">Autostrada A51</a> (East), <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A52_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autostrada A52 (Italy)">Autostrada A52</a> (North) and <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A58_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autostrada A58 (Italy)">Autostrada A58</a> (Outer Eastern) bypass roads (it is the largest system of ring roads around a city in Italy, for a total length greater than 100 kilometres (62 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), Circolare Esterna (periphery ring road), Circonvallazione (ring road around the centre), Cerchia Interna (ring road in the city centre)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus – <a href="/wiki/MKAD_(Minsk)" title="MKAD (Minsk)">M9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia – <a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Ring" title="Boulevard Ring">Boulevard Ring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garden_Ring" title="Garden Ring">Garden Ring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Ring_Road_(Moscow)" title="Third Ring Road (Moscow)">Third Ring Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Ring_Road" title="Moscow Ring Road">Moscow Ring Road</a> (opened in 1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany – <a href="/wiki/Altstadtring" title="Altstadtring">Altstadtring</a> (inner city), <a href="/wiki/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_2_R" title="Bundesstraße 2 R">Bundesstraße 2 R</a> (middle ring), <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_99" title="Bundesautobahn 99">Bundesautobahn 99</a> (inner metropolitan region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, Italy – <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A56_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A56 (Italy)">Tangenziale di Napoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway – <a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riksvei_162" class="extiw" title="nb:Riksvei 162">Ring 1</a> (city centre), <a href="/wiki/Ring_2_(Oslo)" title="Ring 2 (Oslo)">Ring 2</a> (middle ring) and <a href="/wiki/Ring_3_(Oslo)" title="Ring 3 (Oslo)">Ring 3</a> (city proper)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, England – <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Ring_Road" title="Oxford Ring Road">Oxford Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France – <a href="/wiki/Boulevard_P%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique" title="Boulevard Périphérique">Boulevard Périphérique</a> (city proper), <a href="/wiki/A86_autoroute" title="A86 autoroute">A86 autoroute</a> (inner metropolitan region), <a href="/wiki/Francilienne" title="Francilienne">Francilienne</a> (tertiary ring road), <a href="/wiki/Grand_contournement_de_Paris" title="Grand contournement de Paris">Grand contournement de Paris</a> (metropolitan region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>, Italy – <a href="/wiki/Tangenziale_di_Padova" title="Tangenziale di Padova">GRAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a>, Spain – <a href="/wiki/Autopista_Ma-20" title="Autopista Ma-20">Ma-20</a> (Vía de Cintura)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, Czech Republic – outer – <a href="/wiki/D0_motorway_(Czech_Republic)" title="D0 motorway (Czech Republic)">D0</a> and inner Městský okruh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, Poland – outer ring: <a href="/wiki/Expressway_S11_(Poland)" title="Expressway S11 (Poland)">expressway S11</a>, <a href="/wiki/A2_autostrada_(Poland)" title="A2 autostrada (Poland)">motorway A2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Concurrency_(road)" title="Concurrency (road)">concurrent</a> with S5 and S11), <a href="/wiki/Expressway_S5_(Poland)" title="Expressway S5 (Poland)">expressway S5</a>; inner rings: 1st – partially completed, 2nd – completed, partially concurrent with <a href="/wiki/National_road_92_(Poland)" title="National road 92 (Poland)">national road 92</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_road" title="Voivodeship road">voivodeship roads</a> 196 and 433, 3rd – planned</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a>, Italy – <a href="/wiki/Raccordo_autostradale_RA4" title="Raccordo autostradale RA4">Tangenziale di Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a>, France – <a href="/wiki/Rennes#Roads" title="Rennes">Rocade de Rennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy – <a href="/wiki/Grande_Raccordo_Anulare" title="Grande Raccordo Anulare">Grande Raccordo Anulare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria – <a href="/wiki/Sofia_Ring_Road" title="Sofia Ring Road">Sofia Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia – <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Ring_Road" title="Saint Petersburg Ring Road">Saint Petersburg Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden – <a href="/wiki/Norra_l%C3%A4nken" title="Norra länken">Nörra Länken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essingeleden" title="Essingeleden">Essingeleden</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dra_l%C3%A4nken" title="Södra länken">Södra Länken</a> (city proper) and <a href="/wiki/European_route_E20" title="European route E20">E20</a> (outer city, under completion).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, North Macedonia – <a href="/wiki/A2_motorway_(North_Macedonia)" title="A2 motorway (North Macedonia)">A2 motorway (North Macedonia)</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/European_route_E65" title="European route E65">E65</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, Finland – <a href="/wiki/Tampere_Ring_Road" title="Tampere Ring Road">Tampere Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>, France – <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_de_Toulouse" title="Périphérique de Toulouse">Périphérique de Toulouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>, Greece – <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki_Inner_Ring_Road" title="Thessaloniki Inner Ring Road">Thessaloniki Inner Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy – <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A55" title="Autostrada A55">Tangenziale di Torino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, Italy – <a href="/wiki/Tangenziale_di_Venezia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangenziale di Venezia">Tangenziale di Venezia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria – <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Ring_Road" title="Vienna Ring Road">Vienna Ring Road</a> (inner city), <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Beltway" class="mw-redirect" title="Vienna Beltway">Vienna Beltway</a> (outer districts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a>, Spain – <a href="/wiki/VG-20" title="VG-20">VG-20 (Vigo Ring Road)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland – <a href="/wiki/Expressway_S2_(Poland)" title="Expressway S2 (Poland)">Expressway S2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expressway_S7_(Poland)" title="Expressway S7 (Poland)">Expressway S7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expressway_S8_(Poland)" title="Expressway S8 (Poland)">Expressway S8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expressway_S17_(Poland)" title="Expressway S17 (Poland)">Expressway S17</a> (planned stretch)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a>, Poland – Outer ring: <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A4_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autostrada A4 (Poland)">Autostrada A4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A8_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autostrada A8 (Poland)">Autostrada A8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expressway_S8_(Poland)" title="Expressway S8 (Poland)">Expressway S8</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wroclaw_Eastern_Bypass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wroclaw Eastern Bypass (page does not exist)">Wroclaw Eastern Bypass</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwodnica_wschodnia_Wroc%C5%82awia" class="extiw" title="pl:Obwodnica wschodnia Wrocławia">pl</a>]</span> (in construction). Inner ring: <a href="/wiki/National_road_5_(Poland)" title="National road 5 (Poland)">National road 5</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_road_94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National road 94 (page does not exist)">National road 94</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droga_krajowa_nr_94" class="extiw" title="pl:Droga krajowa nr 94">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, Croatia – <a href="/wiki/Zagreb_bypass" title="Zagreb bypass">Zagreb bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDilina" title="Žilina">Zillina</a>, Slovakia – <a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesta_I._triedy_60_(Slovensko)" class="extiw" title="sk:Cesta I. triedy 60 (Slovensko)">I/60</a> Mestky okruch</li></ul> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, there is a 1,332 km ring road, called <a href="/wiki/Route_1_(Iceland)" title="Route 1 (Iceland)">the ring road</a> (or Route 1), around most of the island (excluding only the remote <a href="/wiki/Westfjords" title="Westfjords">Westfjords</a>). Most of the country's settlements are on or near this road. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Some_maps_of_ring_roads_in_Europe">Some maps of ring roads in Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_road&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Some maps of ring roads in Europe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Autoroute_R1_(BE).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antwerp, Belgium"><noscript><img alt="Antwerp, Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Autoroute_R1_%28BE%29.svg/120px-Autoroute_R1_%28BE%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="828"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 98px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Autoroute_R1_%28BE%29.svg/120px-Autoroute_R1_%28BE%29.svg.png" data-alt="Antwerp, Belgium" data-width="120" data-height="98" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Autoroute_R1_%28BE%29.svg/180px-Autoroute_R1_%28BE%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Autoroute_R1_%28BE%29.svg/240px-Autoroute_R1_%28BE%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, Belgium</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin_BAB_10.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Berlin, Germany"><noscript><img alt="Berlin, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Berlin_BAB_10.svg/120px-Berlin_BAB_10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1103" data-file-height="797"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 87px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Berlin_BAB_10.svg/120px-Berlin_BAB_10.svg.png" data-alt="Berlin, Germany" data-width="120" data-height="87" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Berlin_BAB_10.svg/180px-Berlin_BAB_10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Berlin_BAB_10.svg/240px-Berlin_BAB_10.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sistema_Autostradale_Bologna.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bologna, Italy"><noscript><img alt="Bologna, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sistema_Autostradale_Bologna.svg/120px-Sistema_Autostradale_Bologna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 65px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sistema_Autostradale_Bologna.svg/120px-Sistema_Autostradale_Bologna.svg.png" data-alt="Bologna, Italy" data-width="120" data-height="65" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sistema_Autostradale_Bologna.svg/180px-Sistema_Autostradale_Bologna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sistema_Autostradale_Bologna.svg/240px-Sistema_Autostradale_Bologna.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_motorway_since_2017.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bordeaux, France"><noscript><img alt="Bordeaux, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bordeaux_motorway_since_2017.svg/120px-Bordeaux_motorway_since_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bordeaux_motorway_since_2017.svg/120px-Bordeaux_motorway_since_2017.svg.png" data-alt="Bordeaux, France" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bordeaux_motorway_since_2017.svg/180px-Bordeaux_motorway_since_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bordeaux_motorway_since_2017.svg/240px-Bordeaux_motorway_since_2017.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bxl_rocades.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Brussels, Belgium"><noscript><img alt="Brussels, Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bxl_rocades.png/55px-Bxl_rocades.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2088" data-file-height="4504"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 55px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bxl_rocades.png/55px-Bxl_rocades.png" data-alt="Brussels, Belgium" data-width="55" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bxl_rocades.png/83px-Bxl_rocades.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bxl_rocades.png/111px-Bxl_rocades.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Traffic_Bukarest.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bucharest, Romania"><noscript><img alt="Bucharest, Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Traffic_Bukarest.svg/120px-Traffic_Bukarest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Traffic_Bukarest.svg/120px-Traffic_Bukarest.svg.png" data-alt="Bucharest, Romania" data-width="120" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Traffic_Bukarest.svg/180px-Traffic_Bukarest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Traffic_Bukarest.svg/240px-Traffic_Bukarest.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Romania</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M0_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Budapest, Hungary"><noscript><img alt="Budapest, Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/M0_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p.png/120px-M0_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="1022"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 98px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/M0_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p.png/120px-M0_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p.png" data-alt="Budapest, Hungary" data-width="120" data-height="98" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/M0_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p.png/180px-M0_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/M0_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p.png/240px-M0_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boulevard_p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_de_Caen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caen, France"><noscript><img alt="Caen, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Boulevard_p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_de_Caen.svg/120px-Boulevard_p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_de_Caen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="652"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 86px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Boulevard_p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_de_Caen.svg/120px-Boulevard_p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_de_Caen.svg.png" data-alt="Caen, France" data-width="120" data-height="86" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Boulevard_p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_de_Caen.svg/180px-Boulevard_p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_de_Caen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Boulevard_p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_de_Caen.svg/240px-Boulevard_p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_de_Caen.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a>, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mappa_RA15.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Catania, Italy"><noscript><img alt="Catania, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Mappa_RA15.svg/85px-Mappa_RA15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 85px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Mappa_RA15.svg/85px-Mappa_RA15.svg.png" data-alt="Catania, Italy" data-width="85" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Mappa_RA15.svg/127px-Mappa_RA15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Mappa_RA15.svg/170px-Mappa_RA15.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a>, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Autoroute_R3_(BE).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charleroi, Belgium"><noscript><img alt="Charleroi, Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Autoroute_R3_%28BE%29.svg/120px-Autoroute_R3_%28BE%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="828"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 98px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Autoroute_R3_%28BE%29.svg/120px-Autoroute_R3_%28BE%29.svg.png" data-alt="Charleroi, Belgium" data-width="120" data-height="98" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Autoroute_R3_%28BE%29.svg/180px-Autoroute_R3_%28BE%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Autoroute_R3_%28BE%29.svg/240px-Autoroute_R3_%28BE%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Charleroi" title="Charleroi">Charleroi</a>, Belgium</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M50_motorway_(Ireland).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Dublin, Ireland"><noscript><img alt="Dublin, Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/M50_motorway_%28Ireland%29.png/93px-M50_motorway_%28Ireland%29.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1490" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 93px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/M50_motorway_%28Ireland%29.png/93px-M50_motorway_%28Ireland%29.png" data-alt="Dublin, Ireland" data-width="93" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/M50_motorway_%28Ireland%29.png/140px-M50_motorway_%28Ireland%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/M50_motorway_%28Ireland%29.png/186px-M50_motorway_%28Ireland%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ljubljana-OpenStreetMap-Mapnik-100k.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ljubljana, Slovenia"><noscript><img alt="Ljubljana, Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ljubljana-OpenStreetMap-Mapnik-100k.svg/120px-Ljubljana-OpenStreetMap-Mapnik-100k.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="698"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 97px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ljubljana-OpenStreetMap-Mapnik-100k.svg/120px-Ljubljana-OpenStreetMap-Mapnik-100k.svg.png" data-alt="Ljubljana, Slovenia" data-width="120" data-height="97" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ljubljana-OpenStreetMap-Mapnik-100k.svg/180px-Ljubljana-OpenStreetMap-Mapnik-100k.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ljubljana-OpenStreetMap-Mapnik-100k.svg/240px-Ljubljana-OpenStreetMap-Mapnik-100k.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, Slovenia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lyon_Autoroutes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lyon, France"><noscript><img alt="Lyon, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lyon_Autoroutes.svg/120px-Lyon_Autoroutes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lyon_Autoroutes.svg/120px-Lyon_Autoroutes.svg.png" data-alt="Lyon, France" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lyon_Autoroutes.svg/180px-Lyon_Autoroutes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lyon_Autoroutes.svg/240px-Lyon_Autoroutes.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M30_mapa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madrid, Spain (Inner city)"><noscript><img alt="Madrid, Spain (Inner city)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/M30_mapa.svg/120px-M30_mapa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 97px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/M30_mapa.svg/120px-M30_mapa.svg.png" data-alt="Madrid, Spain (Inner city)" data-width="120" data-height="97" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/M30_mapa.svg/180px-M30_mapa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/M30_mapa.svg/240px-M30_mapa.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain (Inner city)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Autopistam40.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madrid, Spain (Inner metropolitan region)"><noscript><img alt="Madrid, Spain (Inner metropolitan region)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Autopistam40.svg/120px-Autopistam40.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 85px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Autopistam40.svg/120px-Autopistam40.svg.png" data-alt="Madrid, Spain (Inner metropolitan region)" data-width="120" data-height="85" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Autopistam40.svg/180px-Autopistam40.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Autopistam40.svg/240px-Autopistam40.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain (Inner metropolitan region)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M50_madrid.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madrid, Spain"><noscript><img alt="Madrid, Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/M50_madrid.svg/120px-M50_madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 85px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/M50_madrid.svg/120px-M50_madrid.svg.png" data-alt="Madrid, Spain" data-width="120" data-height="85" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/M50_madrid.svg/180px-M50_madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/M50_madrid.svg/240px-M50_madrid.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Milano_-_mappa_tangenziali.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Milan, Italy"><noscript><img alt="Milan, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Milano_-_mappa_tangenziali.svg/120px-Milano_-_mappa_tangenziali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="997" data-file-height="965"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 116px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Milano_-_mappa_tangenziali.svg/120px-Milano_-_mappa_tangenziali.svg.png" data-alt="Milan, Italy" data-width="120" data-height="116" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Milano_-_mappa_tangenziali.svg/180px-Milano_-_mappa_tangenziali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Milano_-_mappa_tangenziali.svg/240px-Milano_-_mappa_tangenziali.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscow_MKAD.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moscow, Russia"><noscript><img alt="Moscow, Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Moscow_MKAD.svg/90px-Moscow_MKAD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4842" data-file-height="6437"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Moscow_MKAD.svg/90px-Moscow_MKAD.svg.png" data-alt="Moscow, Russia" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Moscow_MKAD.svg/135px-Moscow_MKAD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Moscow_MKAD.svg/180px-Moscow_MKAD.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rocades_de_Paris_(2024).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Paris (and his metropolitan region), France"><noscript><img alt="Paris (and his metropolitan region), France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rocades_de_Paris_%282024%29.png/120px-Rocades_de_Paris_%282024%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="728"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 116px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rocades_de_Paris_%282024%29.png/120px-Rocades_de_Paris_%282024%29.png" data-alt="Paris (and his metropolitan region), France" data-width="120" data-height="116" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rocades_de_Paris_%282024%29.png/180px-Rocades_de_Paris_%282024%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rocades_de_Paris_%282024%29.png/240px-Rocades_de_Paris_%282024%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (and his metropolitan region), France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Svincoli_GRA_Roma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rome, Italy"><noscript><img alt="Rome, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Svincoli_GRA_Roma.svg/108px-Svincoli_GRA_Roma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="108" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="835"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 108px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Svincoli_GRA_Roma.svg/108px-Svincoli_GRA_Roma.svg.png" data-alt="Rome, Italy" data-width="108" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Svincoli_GRA_Roma.svg/162px-Svincoli_GRA_Roma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Svincoli_GRA_Roma.svg/216px-Svincoli_GRA_Roma.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sofia_Ring_Road_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sofia, Bulgaria"><noscript><img alt="Sofia, Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sofia_Ring_Road_map.svg/120px-Sofia_Ring_Road_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 85px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sofia_Ring_Road_map.svg/120px-Sofia_Ring_Road_map.svg.png" data-alt="Sofia, Bulgaria" data-width="120" data-height="85" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sofia_Ring_Road_map.svg/180px-Sofia_Ring_Road_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sofia_Ring_Road_map.svg/240px-Sofia_Ring_Road_map.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toulouse_Autoroutes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Toulouse, France"><noscript><img alt="Toulouse, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Toulouse_Autoroutes.svg/120px-Toulouse_Autoroutes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Toulouse_Autoroutes.svg/120px-Toulouse_Autoroutes.svg.png" data-alt="Toulouse, France" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Toulouse_Autoroutes.svg/180px-Toulouse_Autoroutes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Toulouse_Autoroutes.svg/240px-Toulouse_Autoroutes.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mappa_A55.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turin, Italy"><noscript><img alt="Turin, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mappa_A55.svg/120px-Mappa_A55.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mappa_A55.svg/120px-Mappa_A55.svg.png" data-alt="Turin, Italy" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mappa_A55.svg/180px-Mappa_A55.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mappa_A55.svg/240px-Mappa_A55.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sistema_autostradale_venezia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venice, Italy"><noscript><img alt="Venice, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sistema_autostradale_venezia.svg/120px-Sistema_autostradale_venezia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="487"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sistema_autostradale_venezia.svg/120px-Sistema_autostradale_venezia.svg.png" data-alt="Venice, Italy" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sistema_autostradale_venezia.svg/180px-Sistema_autostradale_venezia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sistema_autostradale_venezia.svg/240px-Sistema_autostradale_venezia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zaobilaznica_Zagreba.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zagreb, Croatia"><noscript><img alt="Zagreb, Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Zaobilaznica_Zagreba.svg/120px-Zaobilaznica_Zagreba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="595"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 85px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Zaobilaznica_Zagreba.svg/120px-Zaobilaznica_Zagreba.svg.png" data-alt="Zagreb, Croatia" data-width="120" data-height="85" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Zaobilaznica_Zagreba.svg/180px-Zaobilaznica_Zagreba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Zaobilaznica_Zagreba.svg/240px-Zaobilaznica_Zagreba.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, Croatia</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_road&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Asia-Pacific" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%92%B0%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%92%B0%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg/200px-%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%92%B0%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="310" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5350" data-file-height="8292"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 310px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%92%B0%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg/200px-%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%92%B0%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="310" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%92%B0%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg/300px-%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%92%B0%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%92%B0%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg/400px-%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%92%B0%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Chūkyō metropolitan area</a>（<a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a>）</figcaption></figure> <p>Major cities that are served by a ring road or ring road system: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>: Sydney (<a href="/wiki/Sydney_Orbital_Network" title="Sydney Orbital Network">Sydney Orbital Network</a>), Canberra, Adelaide, Brisbane, Perth and Melbourne have ring roads.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Highway_1_(Afghanistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway 1 (Afghanistan)">Ring Road</a>, a 2200 km long road circulating inside the country, and connects most of Afghanistan's major cities, such as <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif">Mazar-i-Sharif</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a>, India – <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Patel_Ring_Road" title="Sardar Patel Ring Road">Sardar Patel Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey – <a href="/wiki/Otoyol_20" title="Otoyol 20">Otoyol 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>, Indonesia – <a href="/wiki/Padalarang%E2%80%93Cileunyi_Toll_Road" title="Padalarang–Cileunyi Toll Road">Padaleunyi Toll Road</a>, Soekarno-Hatta Road</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, Thailand – <a href="/wiki/Ratchadaphisek_Road" title="Ratchadaphisek Road">Ratchadaphisek Road</a> (Inner Ring Road) and <a href="/wiki/Kanchanaphisek_Road" title="Kanchanaphisek Road">Kanchanaphisek Road</a> (Outer Ring Road)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China – <a href="/wiki/Ring_roads_of_Beijing" title="Ring roads of Beijing">ring roads</a> encircling the city.<sup id="cite_ref-:025_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:025-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 135">: 135 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>, India - <a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road,_Bangalore" title="Outer Ring Road, Bangalore">Outer Ring Road</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Ring_Road" title="Peripheral Ring Road">Peripheral Ring Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_Town_Ring_Road" title="Satellite Town Ring Road">Satellite Town Ring Road</a> are upcoming ring roads around Bengaluru.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai" title="Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</a>, Thailand – Chiang Mai Outer Ring Road (National Highway 121)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, New Zealand – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch_Ring_Road&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christchurch Ring Road (page does not exist)">Christchurch Ring Road</a> includes parts of State Highways <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_1_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 1 (New Zealand)">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_74_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 74 (New Zealand)">74</a>, and <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_76_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 76 (New Zealand)">76</a>. The "<a href="/wiki/Four_Avenues" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Avenues">Four Avenues</a>" (Bealey Avenue, Fitzgerald Avenue, Moorhouse Avenue, and Deans Avenue) serve as an inner ring around the central city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India – <a href="/wiki/Inner_Ring_Road,_Delhi" title="Inner Ring Road, Delhi">Inner Ring Road, Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road,_Delhi" title="Outer Ring Road, Delhi">Outer Ring Road, Delhi</a>, and the Peripheral Expressway consisting of two halves, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Peripheral_Expressway" title="Western Peripheral Expressway">Western Peripheral Expressway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Peripheral_Expressway" title="Eastern Peripheral Expressway">Eastern Peripheral Expressway</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erbil" title="Erbil">Erbil</a>, Iraq – Four ring roads circulating through/around the city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a>, Japan – <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_Expressway_Circular_Route" title="Fukuoka Expressway Circular Route">Fukuoka Expressway Circular Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>, Malaysia – <a href="/wiki/George_Town_Inner_Ring_Road" title="George Town Inner Ring Road">George Town Inner Ring Road</a>, Penang Middle Ring Road</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, Vietnam – <a href="/wiki/Ringway_3_(Hanoi)" title="Ringway 3 (Hanoi)">Ringway 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>, Vietnam – <a href="/wiki/Ringway_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringway 3">Ringway 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii Island">Hawaii Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Belt_Road" title="Hawaii Belt Road">Hawaii Belt Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong, Hong Kong</a> – <a href="/wiki/Route_9_(Hong_Kong)" title="Route 9 (Hong Kong)">Route 9</a> (New Territories Circular Road)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, India – <a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road,_Hyderabad" title="Outer Ring Road, Hyderabad">Outer Ring Road, Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, Indonesia – <a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Inner_Ring_Road" title="Jakarta Inner Ring Road">Jakarta Inner Ring Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Outer_Ring_Road" title="Jakarta Outer Ring Road">Jakarta Outer Ring Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Outer_Ring_Road_2" title="Jakarta Outer Ring Road 2">Jakarta Outer Ring Road 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi" title="Kalaburagi">Kalaburagi</a>, India – <a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_Ring_Road" title="Kalaburagi Ring Road">Kalaburagi Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, Nepal – <a href="/wiki/Ring_Road_(Kathmandu)" title="Ring Road (Kathmandu)">Kathmandu Ringroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, Malaysia – <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Inner_Ring_Road" title="Kuala Lumpur Inner Ring Road">Kuala Lumpur Inner Ring Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Middle_Ring_Road_1" title="Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 1">Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Middle_Ring_Road_2" title="Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 2">Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Klang_Valley_Expressway" title="East Klang Valley Expressway">Kuala Lumpur Outer Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, Pakistan – <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ring_Road" title="Lahore Ring Road">Lahore Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> – <a href="/wiki/EDSA" title="EDSA">EDSA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Circumferential_Road_5" title="Circumferential Road 5">Circumferential Road 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, Saudi Arabia – King Faisal Road (1st Ring Road) and King Abdullah Road (2nd Ring Road)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysuru">Mysuru</a>, India – <a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road,_Mysore" title="Outer Ring Road, Mysore">Outer Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Nagoya</a>, Japan – <a href="/wiki/Ring_Route_(Nagoya_Expressway)" title="Ring Route (Nagoya Expressway)">C1 Inner Ring Route Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mei-Nikan_Expressway" title="Mei-Nikan Expressway">C2 Second Ring Route Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dkai-Kanj%C5%8D_Expressway" title="Tōkai-Kanjō Expressway">C3 Third Ring Route Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Route_302" title="Japan National Route 302">Japan National Route 302</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagoya_Municipal_Road_Nagoya_Inner_Ring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagoya Municipal Road Nagoya Inner Ring (page does not exist)">Nagoya Municipal Road Nagoya Inner Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Ratchasima" title="Nakhon Ratchasima">Nakhon Ratchasima</a>, Thailand – Nakhon Ratchasima Ring Route (National Hightway 290)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, Japan – <a href="/wiki/Loop_Route" title="Loop Route">Loop Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>, Pakistan – <a href="/wiki/Peshawar_Ring_Road" title="Peshawar Ring Road">Peshawar Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a>, India – <a href="/wiki/Ranchi_Ring_Road" title="Ranchi Ring Road">Ranchi Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad%E2%80%93Rawalpindi_metropolitan_area" title="Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area">Rawalpindi/Islamabad</a>, Pakistan = <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi_Ring_Road" title="Rawalpindi Ring Road">Rawalpindi Ring Road</a> (under construction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, Saudi Arabia – Riyadh Ring Road</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sendai" title="Sendai">Sendai</a>, Japan – Gurutto Sendai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, South Korea – <a href="/wiki/Capital_Region_First_Ring_Expressway" title="Capital Region First Ring Expressway">Capital Region First Ring Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China – <a href="/wiki/Inner_Ring_Road_(Shanghai)" title="Inner Ring Road (Shanghai)">Inner Ring Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ring_Road_(Shanghai)" title="Middle Ring Road (Shanghai)">Middle Ring Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Outer_Ring_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Outer Ring Expressway">S20 Outer Ring Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/G1501_Shanghai_Ring_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="G1501 Shanghai Ring Expressway">G1501 Shanghai Ring Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, Singapore – <a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road_System" title="Outer Ring Road System">Outer Ring Road System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suphan_Buri" title="Suphan Buri">Suphan Buri</a>, Thailand – Suphan Buri Ring Route (National Hightway 357)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, China – <a href="/wiki/Inner_Ring_Road_(Tianjin)" title="Inner Ring Road (Tianjin)">Inner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ring_Road_(Tianjin)" title="Middle Ring Road (Tianjin)">Middle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road_(Tianjin)" title="Outer Ring Road (Tianjin)">Outer</a> Ring Roads</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a>, Japan – <a href="/wiki/Inner_Circular_Route_(Shuto_Expressway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner Circular Route (Shuto Expressway)">C1 Inner Circular Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Circular_Route_(Shuto_Expressway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Circular Route (Shuto Expressway)">C2 Central Circular Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Gaikan_Expressway" title="Tokyo Gaikan Expressway">C3 Gaikan Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken-%C5%8C_Expressway" title="Ken-Ō Expressway">C4 Ken-Ō Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Bay_Aqua-Line" title="Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line">CA Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bayshore_Route" title="Bayshore Route">B Bayshore Route</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yokohama_Ring_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yokohama Ring Expressway (page does not exist)">Yokohama Ring Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Route_16" title="Japan National Route 16">Japan National Route 16</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Route_298" title="Japan National Route 298">Japan National Route 298</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Route_357" title="Japan National Route 357">Japan National Route 357</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Route_468" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan National Route 468">Japan National Route 468</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_road&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Africa" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, Ethiopia – Addis Ababa Ring Road</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a>, South Africa – <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein_Ring_Road" title="Bloemfontein Ring Road">Bloemfontein Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt – <a href="/wiki/Ring_Road_(Cairo)" title="Ring Road (Cairo)">Ring Road (Cairo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>, South Africa – <a href="/wiki/Durban_Outer_Ring_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Durban Outer Ring Road">Durban Outer Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, South Africa – <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Ring_Road" title="Johannesburg Ring Road">Johannesburg Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polokwane" title="Polokwane">Polokwane</a>, South Africa – <a href="/wiki/Polokwane_Ring_Road" title="Polokwane Ring Road">Polokwane Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, South Africa – <a href="/wiki/Pretoria_Ring_Road" title="Pretoria Ring Road">Pretoria Ring Road</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_road&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circumferential_Highway" title="Circumferential Highway">Circumferential Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_circulator" title="Downtown circulator">Downtown circulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_road" title="Link road">Link road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ring_roads" title="List of ring roads">List of ring roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_route" title="Circle route">Circle route</a>, a public transport route forming a circle</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_road&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.milanocittastato.it/evergreen/forse-non-sapevi-che/7-curiosita-sulla-tangenziali-di-milano/">"7 cose che forse non sapevi delle TANGENZIALI di 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whc.unesco.org&rft.atitle=Historic+Centre+of+Vienna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARing+road" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.milanocittastato.it/evergreen/forse-non-sapevi-che/7-curiosita-sulla-tangenziali-di-milano/">"7 cose che forse non sapevi delle TANGENZIALI di Milano"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=7+cose+che+forse+non+sapevi+delle+TANGENZIALI+di+Milano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.milanocittastato.it%2Fevergreen%2Fforse-non-sapevi-che%2F7-curiosita-sulla-tangenziali-di-milano%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARing+road" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:025-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:025_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHu2023" class="citation book cs1">Hu, Richard (2023). <i>Reinventing the Chinese City</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-21101-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-21101-7"><bdi>978-0-231-21101-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reinventing+the+Chinese+City&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-231-21101-7&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARing+road" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_road&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="121.45.84.3" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1732181401"> <span>Last edited on 21 November 2024, at 09:30</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="طريق دائري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طريق دائري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okruh_k_obj%C3%AD%C5%BEd%C4%9Bn%C3%AD_obce" title="Okruh k objíždění obce – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Okruh k objíždění obce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringvej" title="Ringvej – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ringvej" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe" title="Ringstraße – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ringstraße" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Περιφερειακή οδός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιφερειακή οδός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carretera_de_circunvalaci%C3%B3n" title="Carretera de circunvalación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carretera de circunvalación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretervojo" title="Pretervojo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pretervojo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saihesbide" title="Saihesbide – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Saihesbide" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="کمربندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کمربندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceinture_p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique" title="Ceinture périphérique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ceinture périphérique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringwei" title="Ringwei – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ringwei" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%9C%ED%99%98%EC%84%A0" title="순환선 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="순환선" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalan_lingkar" title="Jalan lingkar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jalan lingkar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangenziale" title="Tangenziale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tangenziale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9_%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%AA" title="כביש טבעת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כביש טבעת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangenzial" title="Tangenzial – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tangenzial" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalan_lingkaran" title="Jalan lingkaran – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jalan lingkaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringweg" title="Ringweg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ringweg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E3%83%BB%E7%92%B0%E7%8A%B6%E7%B7%9A" title="放射線・環状線 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="放射線・環状線" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringvei" title="Ringvei – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ringvei" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringveg" title="Ringveg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ringveg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwodnica" title="Obwodnica – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obwodnica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodoanel" title="Rodoanel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rodoanel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centur%C4%83_de_ocolire_(strad%C4%83)" title="Centură de ocolire (stradă) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Centură de ocolire (stradă)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Кольцевая автомобильная дорога – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кольцевая автомобильная дорога" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keh%C3%A4tie" title="Kehätie – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kehätie" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringled" title="Ringled – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ringled" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99" title="ถนนวงแหวน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ถนนวงแหวน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87evre_yolu" title="Çevre yolu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çevre yolu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Кільцева автомобільна дорога – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кільцева автомобільна дорога" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzensia%C5%82e" title="Tanzensiałe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tanzensiałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_v%C3%A0nh_%C4%91ai" title="Đường vành đai – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đường vành đai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E8%B7%AF" title="环路 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="环路" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 09:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" 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