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id="toc-Establishing_the_court's_jurisdiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishing_the_court's_jurisdiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Establishing the court's jurisdiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishing_the_court's_jurisdiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Structure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Structure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 State parties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Assembly </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Organs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Presidency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_Division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_Division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 Judicial Division </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_Division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_of_the_Prosecutor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_of_the_Prosecutor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.3 Office of the Prosecutor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office_of_the_Prosecutor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Policy_Paper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policy_Paper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.3.1 Policy Paper </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policy_Paper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environmental_crimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_crimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.3.1.1 Environmental crimes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_crimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Registry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Registry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.4 Registry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Registry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crimes_for_which_individuals_can_be_prosecuted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crimes_for_which_individuals_can_be_prosecuted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Crimes for which individuals can be prosecuted </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Crimes_for_which_individuals_can_be_prosecuted-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Crimes for which individuals can be prosecuted subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Crimes_for_which_individuals_can_be_prosecuted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genocide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genocide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Genocide </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genocide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crimes_against_humanity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crimes_against_humanity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Crimes against humanity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crimes_against_humanity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_crimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_crimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 War crimes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_crimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crimes_of_aggression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crimes_of_aggression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Crimes of aggression </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crimes_of_aggression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offences_against_the_administration_of_justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offences_against_the_administration_of_justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Offences against the administration of justice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offences_against_the_administration_of_justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jurisdiction_and_admissibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jurisdiction_and_admissibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Jurisdiction and admissibility </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jurisdiction_and_admissibility-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Jurisdiction and admissibility subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Jurisdiction_and_admissibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Territorial_jurisdiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_jurisdiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Territorial jurisdiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_jurisdiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_jurisdiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_jurisdiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Personal jurisdiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_jurisdiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temporal_jurisdiction_requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temporal_jurisdiction_requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Temporal jurisdiction requirements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temporal_jurisdiction_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Admissibility_requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admissibility_requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Admissibility requirements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admissibility_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Complementarity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complementarity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.1 Complementarity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complementarity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gravity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gravity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.2 Gravity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gravity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interests_of_justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interests_of_justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.3 Interests of justice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interests_of_justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Individual_criminal_responsibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individual_criminal_responsibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Individual criminal responsibility </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individual_criminal_responsibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procedure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procedure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Procedure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Procedure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Procedure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Procedure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Trial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rights_of_the_accused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rights_of_the_accused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Rights of the accused </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rights_of_the_accused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Victim_participation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victim_participation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Victim participation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victim_participation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Reparations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooperation_by_states_not_party_to_Rome_Statute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooperation_by_states_not_party_to_Rome_Statute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Cooperation by states not party to Rome Statute </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooperation_by_states_not_party_to_Rome_Statute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amnesty_and_national_reconciliation_processes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amnesty_and_national_reconciliation_processes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Amnesty and national reconciliation processes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amnesty_and_national_reconciliation_processes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Facilities </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Facilities subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Headquarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Headquarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Headquarters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Headquarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.1 Development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.2 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provisional_headquarters,_2002–2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provisional_headquarters,_2002–2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.3 Provisional headquarters, 2002–2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provisional_headquarters,_2002–2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detention_centre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detention_centre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Detention centre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detention_centre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Other offices </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Finance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trial_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Trial history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trial_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigations_and_preliminary_examinations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigations_and_preliminary_examinations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Investigations and preliminary examinations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investigations_and_preliminary_examinations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Relationships </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relationships-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Relationships subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 United Nations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nongovernmental_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nongovernmental_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Nongovernmental organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nongovernmental_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_and_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_and_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Criticism and opposition </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism_and_opposition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism and opposition subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism_and_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-African_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 African states </div> </a> <ul id="toc-African_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-African_accusations_of_Western_imperialism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African_accusations_of_Western_imperialism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 African accusations of Western imperialism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-African_accusations_of_Western_imperialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-African_Union_(AU)_withdrawal_proposal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African_Union_(AU)_withdrawal_proposal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 African Union (AU) withdrawal proposal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-African_Union_(AU)_withdrawal_proposal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.4 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.5 Philippines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.6 Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.7 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._criticisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._criticisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.7.1 U.S. criticisms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._criticisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OPCD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OPCD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.8 OPCD </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OPCD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impartiality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impartiality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.9 Impartiality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impartiality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unintentional_consequences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unintentional_consequences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.10 Unintentional consequences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unintentional_consequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_cooperation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_cooperation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.11 State cooperation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_cooperation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principle_of_complementarity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principle_of_complementarity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.12 Principle of complementarity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principle_of_complementarity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jurisdiction_over_corporations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jurisdiction_over_corporations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.13 Jurisdiction over corporations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jurisdiction_over_corporations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">International Criminal Court</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" 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Available in 94 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" > 94 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internasionale_Strafhof" title="Internasionale Strafhof – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Internasionale Strafhof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaler_Strafgerichtshof" title="Internationaler Strafgerichtshof – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Internationaler Strafgerichtshof" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="المحكمة الجنائية الدولية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المحكمة الجنائية الدولية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%94%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Միջազգային Քրէական Դատարան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Միջազգային Քրէական Դատարան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corte_Penal_Internacional" title="Corte Penal Internacional – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Corte Penal Internacional" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyn%C9%99lxalq_Cinay%C9%99t_M%C9%99hk%C9%99m%C9%99si" title="Beynəlxalq Cinayət Məhkəməsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Beynəlxalq Cinayət Məhkəməsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A4" title="আন্তর্জাতিক ফৌজদারি আদালত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আন্তর্জাতিক ফৌজদারি আদালত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kok-ch%C3%A8_H%C3%AAng-s%C5%AB_Hoat-%C4%AB%E2%81%BF" title="Kok-chè Hêng-sū Hoat-īⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kok-chè Hêng-sū Hoat-īⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Міжнародны крымінальны суд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міжнародны крымінальны суд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Міжнародны крымінальны суд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міжнародны крымінальны суд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B4" title="Международен наказателен съд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Международен наказателен съд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lez-kastiza%C3%B1_Etrebroadel" title="Lez-kastizañ Etrebroadel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lez-kastizañ Etrebroadel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribunal_Penal_Internacional" title="Tribunal Penal Internacional – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tribunal Penal Internacional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_trestn%C3%AD_soud" title="Mezinárodní trestní soud – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mezinárodní trestní soud" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llys_Troseddau_Rhyngwladol" title="Llys Troseddau Rhyngwladol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llys Troseddau Rhyngwladol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_Internationale_Straffedomstol" title="Den Internationale Straffedomstol – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den Internationale Straffedomstol" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لمحكامة الجنائية الدولية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لمحكامة الجنائية الدولية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaler_Strafgerichtshof" title="Internationaler Strafgerichtshof – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internationaler Strafgerichtshof" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_Kriminaalkohus" title="Rahvusvaheline Kriminaalkohus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rahvusvaheline Kriminaalkohus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Διεθνές Ποινικό Δικαστήριο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διεθνές Ποινικό Δικαστήριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corte_Penal_Internacional" title="Corte Penal Internacional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corte Penal Internacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacia_Puna_Kortumo" title="Internacia Puna Kortumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Internacia Puna Kortumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazioarteko_Zigor_Auzitegia" title="Nazioarteko Zigor Auzitegia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nazioarteko Zigor Auzitegia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C" title="دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cour_p%C3%A9nale_internationale" title="Cour pénale internationale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cour pénale internationale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ch%C3%BAirt_Choiri%C3%BAil_Idirn%C3%A1isi%C3%BAnta" title="An Chúirt Choiriúil Idirnáisiúnta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chúirt Choiriúil Idirnáisiúnta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corte_Penal_Internacional" title="Corte Penal Internacional – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Corte Penal Internacional" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%ED%98%95%EC%82%AC%EC%9E%AC%ED%8C%90%EC%86%8C" title="국제형사재판소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국제형사재판소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotun_Shari%27ar_Miyagun_Laifuka" title="Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%84%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Միջազգային քրեական դատարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջազգային քրեական դատարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="अंतरराष्ट्रीय अपराध न्यायालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंतरराष्ट्रीय अपराध न्यायालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_kazneni_sud" title="Međunarodni kazneni sud – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Međunarodni kazneni sud" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internaciona_kriminala_korto" title="Internaciona kriminala korto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Internaciona kriminala korto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahkamah_Pidana_Internasional" title="Mahkamah Pidana Internasional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mahkamah Pidana Internasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0legi_sakam%C3%A1lad%C3%B3mst%C3%B3llinn" title="Alþjóðlegi sakamáladómstóllinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alþjóðlegi sakamáladómstóllinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corte_penale_internazionale" title="Corte penale internazionale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corte penale internazionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99" title="בית הדין הפלילי הבין-לאומי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית הדין הפלילי הבין-לאומי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kede%C5%8Ba_kpeekpe_t%C9%94m_h%CA%8B%CA%8B_k%CA%8Bj%C9%94%C5%8B" title="Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="სისხლის სამართლის საერთაშორისო სასამართლო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სისხლის სამართლის საერთაშორისო სასამართლო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Халықаралық қылмыстық сот – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Халықаралық қылмыстық сот" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahakama_ya_Kimataifa_ya_Jinai" title="Mahakama ya Kimataifa ya Jinai – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mahakama ya Kimataifa ya Jinai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadgeha_Cezay%C3%AA_ya_Navnetewey%C3%AE" title="Dadgeha Cezayê ya Navneteweyî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dadgeha Cezayê ya Navneteweyî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribunel_Penal_Nternaziunel" title="Tribunel Penal Nternaziunel – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tribunel Penal Nternaziunel" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribunal_criminale_internationale" title="Tribunal criminale internationale – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tribunal criminale internationale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starptautisk%C4%81_krimin%C4%81ltiesa" title="Starptautiskā krimināltiesa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Starptautiskā krimināltiesa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarptautinis_Baud%C5%BEiamasis_Teismas" title="Tarptautinis Baudžiamasis Teismas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tarptautinis Baudžiamasis Teismas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzetk%C3%B6zi_B%C3%BCntet%C5%91b%C3%ADr%C3%B3s%C3%A1g" title="Nemzetközi Büntetőbíróság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemzetközi Büntetőbíróság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%93%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Меѓународен кривичен суд – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Меѓународен кривичен суд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitsarana_Heloka_Bevava_Iraisam-Pirenena" title="Fitsarana Heloka Bevava Iraisam-Pirenena – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fitsarana Heloka Bevava Iraisam-Pirenena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="അന്തർദേശീയ ക്രിമിനൽ കോടതി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്തർദേശീയ ക്രിമിനൽ കോടതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="आंतरराष्ट्रीय गुन्हेगारी न्यायालय – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आंतरराष्ट्रीय गुन्हेगारी न्यायालय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="ზისხირიშ სამართალიშ ერეფოშქაშე სასამართალო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზისხირიშ სამართალიშ ერეფოშქაშე სასამართალო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahkamah_Jenayah_Antarabangsa" title="Mahkamah Jenayah Antarabangsa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mahkamah Jenayah Antarabangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribunal_Penal_Anternacional" title="Tribunal Penal Anternacional – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Tribunal Penal Anternacional" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85" title="Олон Улсын Эрүүгийн Шүүх – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Олон Улсын Эрүүгийн Шүүх" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaal_Strafhof" title="Internationaal Strafhof – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internationaal Strafhof" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय अपराध न्यायालय – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय अपराध न्यायालय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4" title="अन्तरराष्ट्रीय अपराध अदालत – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अन्तरराष्ट्रीय अपराध अदालत" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80" title="国際刑事裁判所 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国際刑事裁判所" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_internasjonale_straffedomstolen" title="Den internasjonale straffedomstolen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den internasjonale straffedomstolen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_internasjonale_straffedomstolen" title="Den internasjonale straffedomstolen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den internasjonale straffedomstolen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cort_Penala_Internacionala" title="Cort Penala Internacionala – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cort Penala Internacionala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F" title="ਅੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਅਪਰਾਧਾਂ ਲਈ ਕੋਰਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਅਪਰਾਧਾਂ ਲਈ ਕੋਰਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%87" title="نړيواله جنايي محکمه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نړيواله جنايي محکمه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cort_penal_ant%C3%ABrnassional" title="Cort penal antërnassional – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cort penal antërnassional" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowy_Trybuna%C5%82_Karny" title="Międzynarodowy Trybunał Karny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Międzynarodowy Trybunał Karny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribunal_Penal_Internacional" title="Tribunal Penal Internacional – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tribunal Penal Internacional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halqara_ceza_makemesi" title="Halqara ceza makemesi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Halqara ceza makemesi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtea_Penal%C4%83_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83" title="Curtea Penală Internațională – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Curtea Penală Internațională" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Международный уголовный суд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Международный уголовный суд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internaitional_Criminal_Coort" title="Internaitional Criminal Coort – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Internaitional Criminal Coort" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B0_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="ජාත්‍යන්තර අපරාධ අධිකරණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජාත්‍යන්තර අපරාධ අධිකරණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="International Criminal Court" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a 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.ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">International Criminal Court</div><div class="ib-country-names"><div class="ib-country-name-style fn org country-name"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(in other official languages)</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox" style="font-size:77%;font-weight:normal;"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">Cour pénale internationale</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">المحكمة الجنائية الدولية</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">国际刑事法院</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">Международный уголовный суд</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">Corte Penal Internacional</td></tr></tbody></table> </li></ul> </div></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Criminal_Court_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/International_Criminal_Court_logo.svg/100px-International_Criminal_Court_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/International_Criminal_Court_logo.svg/150px-International_Criminal_Court_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/International_Criminal_Court_logo.svg/200px-International_Criminal_Court_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="581" /></a></div> <div>Official logo</div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:ICC_member_states.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/ICC_member_states.svg/320px-ICC_member_states.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/ICC_member_states.svg/480px-ICC_member_states.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/ICC_member_states.svg/640px-ICC_member_states.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><a href="/wiki/States_parties_to_the_Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="States parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Parties and signatories of the Rome Statute</a><div style="text-align:left"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  State party</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Signatory that has not ratified</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  State party that subsequently withdrew its membership</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Signatory that subsequently withdrew its signature</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Not a state party, not a signatory</div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, Netherlands</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Working_language" title="Working language">Working languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official languages</a><a href="#cite_note-aiiclanguages-1">[1]</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal"><div>6 languages</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_parties_to_the_Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="States parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Member states</a></th><td class="infobox-data">125</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Leaders</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="#Presidency">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tomoko_Akane" title="Tomoko Akane">Tomoko Akane</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="#Presidency">First Vice-President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Salvatore_Aitala" title="Rosario Salvatore Aitala">Rosario Salvatore Aitala</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="#Presidency">Second Vice-President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reine_Alapini-Gansou" title="Reine Alapini-Gansou">Reine Alapini-Gansou</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="#Office_of_the_Prosecutor">Prosecutor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karim_Ahmad_Khan" title="Karim Ahmad Khan">Karim Ahmad Khan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="#Registry">Registrar</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Osvaldo_Zavala_Giler" title="Osvaldo Zavala Giler">Osvaldo Zavala Giler</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Establishment</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute" title="Rome Statute">Rome Statute</a> adopted </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 July 1998</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Entered into force </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 July 2002</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website">Website <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/">www.icc-cpi.int</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">intergovernmental organization</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_court" title="International court">international tribunal</a> seated in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, Netherlands. It is the first and only permanent international court with <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> to prosecute <a href="/wiki/Individual" title="Individual">individuals</a> for the <a href="/wiki/International_criminal_law" title="International criminal law">international crimes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Crime_of_aggression" title="Crime of aggression">crime of aggression</a>. The ICC is distinct from the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>, an <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">organ of the United Nations</a> that hears disputes between states. Established in 2002 pursuant to the multilateral <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute" title="Rome Statute">Rome Statute</a>, the ICC is considered by its proponents to be a major step toward justice,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> and an innovation in <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> However, it has faced <a href="#Criticism_and_opposition">a number of criticisms</a>. Some governments have refused to recognise the court's assertion of jurisdiction, with other civil groups also accusing the court of bias, <a href="/wiki/Eurocentrism" title="Eurocentrism">Eurocentrism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-5">[5]</a> Others have also questioned the effectiveness of the court as a means of upholding international law. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Criminal_Court_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/International_Criminal_Court_2022.jpg/265px-International_Criminal_Court_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/International_Criminal_Court_2022.jpg/398px-International_Criminal_Court_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/International_Criminal_Court_2022.jpg/530px-International_Criminal_Court_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5211" data-file-height="3474" /></a><figcaption>The premises of the International Criminal Court in The Hague, Netherlands. The ICC moved into this building in December 2015.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3></div> The establishment of an <a href="/wiki/International_court" title="International court">international tribunal</a> to judge political leaders accused of international crimes was first proposed during the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference</a> in 1919 following the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Commission_of_Responsibilities" title="Commission of Responsibilities">Commission of Responsibilities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The issue was addressed again at a conference held in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> in 1937, which resulted in the conclusion of the first convention stipulating the establishment of a permanent international court to try acts of international terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The convention was signed by 13 states, but none ratified it and the convention never entered into force.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">allied powers</a> established two <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc</a> tribunals to prosecute <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> leaders accused of war crimes. The <a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal" class="mw-redirect" title="International Military Tribunal">International Military Tribunal</a>, which sat in <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, prosecuted German leaders while the <a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for the Far East</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> prosecuted Japanese leaders.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> In 1948 the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> first recognised the need for a permanent international court to deal with atrocities of the kind prosecuted after World War II.<a href="#cite_note-iccfact-11">[11]</a> At the request of the General Assembly, the <a href="/wiki/International_Law_Commission" title="International Law Commission">International Law Commission</a> (ILC) drafted two statutes by the early 1950s but these were shelved during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, which made the establishment of an international criminal court politically unrealistic.<a href="#cite_note-Cato-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_B._Ferencz" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin B. Ferencz">Benjamin B. Ferencz</a>, an investigator of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_war_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi war crime">Nazi war crimes</a> after World War II and the Chief Prosecutor for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen_trial" title="Einsatzgruppen trial">Einsatzgruppen trial</a>, became a vocal advocate of the establishment of international <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a> and of an international criminal court. In his book Defining International Aggression: The Search for World Peace (1975), he advocated for the establishment of such a court.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Another leading proponent was <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kurt_Woetzel" title="Robert Kurt Woetzel">Robert Kurt Woetzel</a>, a German-born professor of international law, who co-edited Toward a Feasible International Criminal Court in 1970 and created the Foundation for the Establishment of an International Criminal Court in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formal_proposal_and_establishment">Formal proposal and establishment</h3></div> In June 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago">Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago</a>, <a href="/wiki/A._N._R._Robinson" title="A. N. R. Robinson">A. N. R. Robinson</a>, revived the idea of a permanent international criminal court by proposing the creation of tribunal to address the <a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">illegal drug trade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cato-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In response, the General Assembly tasked the ILC with once again drafting a statute for a permanent court.<a href="#cite_note-ICCHistory-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> While work began on the draft, the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> established two ad hoc tribunals in the early 1990s: The <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a>, created in 1993 in response to large-scale atrocities committed by armed forces during the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_Rwanda" title="International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda">International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda</a>, created in 1994 following the <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwandan genocide</a>. The creation of these tribunals further highlighted to many the need for a permanent international criminal court.<a href="#cite_note-ICCHistory-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In 1994, the ILC presented its final draft statute for the International Criminal Court to the General Assembly and recommended that a conference be convened to negotiate a treaty that would serve as the Court's statute.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> To consider major substantive issues in the draft statute, the General Assembly established the Ad Hoc Committee on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, which met twice in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-21">[21]</a> After considering the Committee's report, the General Assembly created the Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of the ICC to prepare a consolidated draft text.<a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-21">[21]</a> From 1996 to 1998, six sessions of the Preparatory Committee were held at the <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">United Nations headquarters</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, during which NGOs provided input and attended meetings under the umbrella organisation of the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Coalition for the International Criminal Court">Coalition for the International Criminal Court</a> (CICC). In January 1998, the Bureau and coordinators of the Preparatory Committee convened for an Inter-Sessional meeting in <a href="/wiki/Zutphen" title="Zutphen">Zutphen</a> in the Netherlands to technically consolidate and restructure the draft articles into a draft.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Finally, the General Assembly convened a conference in Rome in June 1998, with the aim of finalizing the treaty to serve as the Court's statute. On 17 July 1998, the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court</a> was adopted by a vote of 120 to seven, with 21 countries abstaining. The seven countries that voted against the treaty were <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, the U.S., and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Israel's opposition to the treaty stemmed from the inclusion in the list of war crimes "the action of transferring population into occupied territory".<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The UN General Assembly voted on 9 December 1999 and again on 12 December 2000 to endorse the ICC.<a href="#cite_note-ares54105-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-ares55155-26">[26]</a> Following 60 ratifications, the Rome Statute entered into force on 1 July 2002 and the International Criminal Court was formally established.<a href="#cite_note-ai2002-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The first bench of 18 judges was elected by the Assembly of States Parties in February 2003. They were sworn in at the inaugural session of the Court on 11 March 2003.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The Court issued its first <a href="/wiki/Arrest_warrant" title="Arrest warrant">arrest warrants</a> on 8 July 2005,<a href="#cite_note-LRA_warrants-30">[30]</a> and the first pre-trial hearings were held in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The Court issued its first judgment in 2012 when it found Congolese rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lubanga_Dyilo" title="Thomas Lubanga Dyilo">Thomas Lubanga Dyilo</a> guilty of war crimes related to <a href="/wiki/Military_use_of_children" class="mw-redirect" title="Military use of children">using child soldiers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Lubanga was sentenced to 14 years in prison.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In 2010, the states parties of the Rome Statute held the first <a href="/wiki/Review_Conference_of_the_Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Review Conference of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Review Conference of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The Review Conference led to the adoption of two resolutions that amended the crimes under the jurisdiction of the Court. Resolution 5 amended Article 8 on war crimes, criminalizing the use of certain kinds of weapons in non-international conflicts whose use was already forbidden in international conflicts. Resolution 6, pursuant to Article 5(2) of the Statute, provided the definition and a procedure for jurisdiction over the <a href="/wiki/Crime_of_aggression" title="Crime of aggression">crime of aggression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2></div> The ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor and the Registry.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <ul><li>The President is the most senior judge chosen by the eighteen judges in the Judicial Division.</li> <li>The Judicial Division is composed of eighteen judges and hears cases before the Court.</li> <li>The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor, who investigates crimes and initiates criminal proceedings before the Judicial Division.</li> <li>The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.</li></ul> The ICC employs over 900 personnel from roughly 100 countries and conducts proceedings in English and French.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2></div> The ICC began operations on 1 July 2002, upon the entry into force of the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Rome Statute</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Multilateral_treaty" title="Multilateral treaty">multilateral treaty</a> that serves as the court's <a href="/wiki/Charter" title="Charter">charter</a> and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute become members of the ICC, serving on the Assembly of States Parties, which administers the court. As of October 2024, there are <a href="/wiki/States_parties_to_the_Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="States parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">125 ICC member states</a>, 29 states have signed but not ratified the Rome Statute (including four who have withdrawn their signature) and 41 states have neither signed nor become parties to the Rome Statute.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Intended to serve as the "court of last resort", the ICC complements existing national <a href="/wiki/Judicial_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial system">judicial systems</a> and may exercise its jurisdiction only when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> It lacks universal territorial jurisdiction and may only investigate and prosecute crimes committed within member states, crimes committed by nationals of member states, or crimes in situations referred to the Court by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Omar_al-Bashir_(2017-11-23)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Vladimir_Putin_and_Omar_al-Bashir_%282017-11-23%29_02.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Omar_al-Bashir_%282017-11-23%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Vladimir_Putin_and_Omar_al-Bashir_%282017-11-23%29_02.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Omar_al-Bashir_%282017-11-23%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Vladimir_Putin_and_Omar_al-Bashir_%282017-11-23%29_02.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Omar_al-Bashir_%282017-11-23%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Sudanese president <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a> and Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> in November 2017</figcaption></figure> The ICC held its first hearing in 2006, concerning war crimes charges against <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lubanga_Dyilo" title="Thomas Lubanga Dyilo">Thomas Lubanga Dyilo</a>, a Congolese warlord accused of recruiting child soldiers; his subsequent conviction in 2012 was the first in the court's history. The Office of the Prosecutor has opened twelve <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigations" title="International Criminal Court investigations">official investigations</a> and is conducting an additional nine preliminary examinations. <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_indicted_in_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="List of people indicted in the International Criminal Court">Dozens of individuals</a> have been indicted in the ICC, including Ugandan rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kony" title="Joseph Kony">Joseph Kony</a>, former President <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, Libyan head of state <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo" title="Laurent Gbagbo">Laurent Gbagbo</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> and former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Bemba" title="Jean-Pierre Bemba">Jean-Pierre Bemba</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>. On 17 March 2023, ICC judges issued <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures">arrest warrants</a> for Russian leader <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_ombudsman#Russia" title="Children's ombudsman">Presidential Commissioner for Children's Rights in Russia</a> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Lvova-Belova" title="Maria Lvova-Belova">Maria Lvova-Belova</a><a href="#cite_note-icc_judges_2023_03_17_reuters-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-issues_warrant_2023_03_17_reuters-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Khan_statement_Putin_LvovaBelova_17March2023-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-situation_2023_03_17_icc-47">[47]</a> for <a href="/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Child abductions in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">child abductions in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. Russia denounced the arrest warrants as "outrageous".<a href="#cite_note-situation_2023_03_17_icc-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-putin_warrant_2023_03_18_bbc-48">[48]</a> Putin became the first head of state of a <a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">U.N. Security Council Permanent Member</a> to be the subject of an ICC arrest warrant.<a href="#cite_note-issues_warrant_2023_03_17_reuters-45">[45]</a> Although Russia withdrew its signature from the Rome Statute in 2016, and is thus not a participant in the ICC nor under its jurisdiction, Putin can be charged for actions against Ukraine, which is not a party but has accepted jurisdiction of the court since 2014. Should Putin travel to a state party, he can be arrested by local authorities.<a href="#cite_note-putin_warrant_2023_03_18_bbc-48">[48]</a> Later in 2023, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)">Russia's Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> retaliated by placing several ICC officials on its wanted list.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In March 2024, the ICC issued two more arrest warrants, for <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kobylash" title="Sergey Kobylash">Sergey Kobylash</a>, the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Long-Range_Aviation" title="Long-Range Aviation">Long-Range Aviation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Russian Aerospace Forces</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sokolov_(naval_officer)" title="Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)">Viktor Sokolov</a>, the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a> over their role in war crimes in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> On 20 May 2024, the ICC's Chief Prosecutor Karim Khan announced his intention to seek arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>, Israeli Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a>, leader of Hamas <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar" title="Yahya Sinwar">Yahya Sinwar</a>, leader of the Al Qassem Brigades <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a>, and Hamas political leader <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a> in connection to <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Israel-Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes in the Israel-Hamas war">war crimes committed in the Israel-Hamas war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> On November 21, warrants were formally issued for Netanyahu, Gallant and Deif.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Warrants for Haniyeh and Sinwar were withdrawn following confirmation of their deaths in July and October respectively.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishing_the_court's_jurisdiction">Establishing the court's jurisdiction</h3></div> The process to establish the court's jurisdiction may be "triggered" by any one of three possible sources: (1) a state party, (2) the Security Council or (3) a prosecutor. It is then up to the prosecutor acting <a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">proprio motu</a> to initiate an investigation under the requirements of <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court#Article_15:_Prosecutor" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Article 15 of the Rome Statute</a>. The procedure is slightly different when referred by a state party or the Security Council, in which cases the prosecutor does not need authorization of the Pre-Trial Chamber to initiate the investigation. Where there is a reasonable basis to proceed, it is mandatory for the prosecutor to initiate an investigation. The factors listed in Article 53 considered for reasonable basis include whether the case would be admissible, and whether there are substantial reasons to believe that an investigation would not serve the interests of justice (the latter stipulates balancing against the gravity of the crime and the interests of the victims).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchabas2011-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div> The ICC is governed by the Assembly of States Parties, which is made up of the states that are party to the Rome Statute.<a href="#cite_note-assembly-63">[63]</a> The Assembly elects officials of the Court, approves its budget, and adopts amendments to the Rome Statute. The Court itself has four organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry.<a href="#cite_note-structure-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_parties">State parties</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/States_parties_to_the_Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="States parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">States parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court</a></div> As of October 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Criminal_Court&action=edit">[update]</a>, 125 states<a href="#cite_note-States-parties-and-others-65">[65]</a> are <a href="/wiki/States_parties_to_the_Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="States parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">parties to the Statute of the Court</a>, including all the countries of South America, nearly all of Europe, most of Oceania and roughly half of Africa.<a href="#cite_note-UN_treaty_database-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_treaty_database_12-2021-67">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> were member states, but later withdrew effective 27 October 2017<a href="#cite_note-BUwithdraw-68">[68]</a> and 17 March 2019,<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-UN_treaty_database-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_treaty_database_12-2021-67">[67]</a> A further 29 countries<a href="#cite_note-States-parties-and-others-65">[65]</a> have signed but not <a href="/wiki/Ratification" title="Ratification">ratified</a> the Rome Statute.<a href="#cite_note-UN_treaty_database-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_treaty_database_12-2021-67">[67]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_the_Law_of_Treaties" title="Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties">law of treaties</a> obliges these states to refrain from "acts which would defeat the object and purpose" of the treaty until they declare they do not intend to become a party to the treaty.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Four signatory states—Israel in 2002,<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> the <a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="United States and the International Criminal Court">United States</a> on 6 May 2002,<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Sudan on 26 August 2008,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> and Russia on 30 November 2016<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a>—have informed the UN Secretary General that they no longer intend to become states parties and, as such, have no legal obligations arising from their signature of the Statute.<a href="#cite_note-UN_treaty_database-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_treaty_database_12-2021-67">[67]</a> Forty-one additional states<a href="#cite_note-States-parties-and-others-65">[65]</a> have neither signed nor acceded to the Rome Statute. Some of them, including <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, are critical of the Court.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Assembly">Assembly</h4></div> The Court's management oversight and legislative body, the Assembly of States Parties, consists of one representative from each state party.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 112  Each state party has one vote and "every effort" has to be made to reach <a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">decisions by consensus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 112  If consensus cannot be reached, decisions are made by vote.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 112  The Assembly is presided over by a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_and_Vice-Presidents_of_the_Assembly_of_States_Parties_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the Assembly of States Parties of the International Criminal Court">president and two vice-presidents</a>, who are elected by the members to three-year terms. The Assembly meets in full session once a year, alternating between New York and <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, and may also hold special sessions where circumstances require.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 112  Sessions are open to observer states and non-governmental organizations.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The Assembly elects the judges and <a href="/wiki/Prosecutor" title="Prosecutor">prosecutors</a>, decides the Court's budget, adopts important texts (such as the Rules of Procedure and Evidence), and provides management oversight to the other organs of the Court.<a href="#cite_note-assembly-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 112  Article 46 of the Rome Statute allows the Assembly to remove from office a judge or prosecutor who "is found to have committed serious misconduct or a serious breach of his or her duties" or "is unable to exercise the functions required by this Statute".<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 46  The states parties cannot interfere with the judicial functions of the Court.<a href="#cite_note-iccnow-asp-80">[80]</a> Disputes concerning individual cases are settled by the Judicial Divisions.<a href="#cite_note-iccnow-asp-80">[80]</a> In 2010, Kampala, Uganda hosted the Assembly's Rome Statute Review Conference.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organs">Organs</h3></div> The Court has four organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Division, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Presidency">Presidency</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Presidency of the International Criminal Court">Presidency of the International Criminal Court</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Song_Sang-Hyun_-_Trento_2014_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Song_Sang-Hyun_-_Trento_2014_01.JPG/170px-Song_Sang-Hyun_-_Trento_2014_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Song_Sang-Hyun_-_Trento_2014_01.JPG/255px-Song_Sang-Hyun_-_Trento_2014_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Song_Sang-Hyun_-_Trento_2014_01.JPG/340px-Song_Sang-Hyun_-_Trento_2014_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1738" data-file-height="2173" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Song_Sang-hyun" title="Song Sang-hyun">Song Sang-hyun</a> was President of the Court from 2009 to 2015.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the International Criminal Court">Presidency</a> is responsible for the proper administration of the Court (apart from the Office of the Prosecutor).<a href="#cite_note-presidency-82">[82]</a> It comprises the President and the First and Second Vice-Presidents—three judges of the Court who are elected to the Presidency by their fellow judges for a maximum of two three-year terms.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 38  As of March 2024, the President is <a href="/wiki/Tomoko_Akane" title="Tomoko Akane">Tomoko Akane</a> from <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, who took office on 11 March 2024, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Piotr_Hofma%C5%84ski" title="Piotr Hofmański">Piotr Hofmański</a>. Her first term will expire in 2027.<a href="#cite_note-New_ICC_Presidency_elected_for_2024-2027-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judicial_Division">Judicial Division</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Judges_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Judges of the International Criminal Court">Judges of the International Criminal Court</a></div> The Judicial Divisions consist of the 18 judges of the Court, organized into three chambers—the Pre-Trial Chamber, Trial Chamber and Appeals Chamber — which carry out the judicial functions of the Court.<a href="#cite_note-chambers-84">[84]</a> Judges are elected to the Court by the Assembly of States Parties.<a href="#cite_note-chambers-84">[84]</a> They serve nine-year terms and are not generally eligible for re-election.<a href="#cite_note-chambers-84">[84]</a> All judges must be nationals of states parties to the Rome Statute, and no two judges may be nationals of the same state.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 36  They must be "persons of high moral character, impartiality and integrity who possess the qualifications required in their respective States for appointment to the highest judicial offices".<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 36  The Prosecutor or any person being investigated or prosecuted may request the disqualification of a judge from "any case in which his or her impartiality might reasonably be doubted on any ground".<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 41  Any request for the disqualification of a judge from a particular case is decided by an absolute majority of the other judges.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 41  Judges may be removed from office if "found to have committed serious misconduct or a serious breach of his or her duties" or is unable to exercise his or her functions.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 46  The removal of a judge requires both a two-thirds majority of the other judges and a two-thirds majority of the states parties.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 46  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Office_of_the_Prosecutor">Office of the Prosecutor</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prosecutor_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court">Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fatou_Bensouda5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Fatou_Bensouda5.jpg/220px-Fatou_Bensouda5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Fatou_Bensouda5.jpg/330px-Fatou_Bensouda5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Fatou_Bensouda5.jpg/440px-Fatou_Bensouda5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3415" data-file-height="1935" /></a><figcaption>ICC prosecutors <a href="/wiki/Fatou_Bensouda" title="Fatou Bensouda">Fatou Bensouda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luis_Moreno_Ocampo" title="Luis Moreno Ocampo">Luis Moreno Ocampo</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Estonia)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Estonia)">Estonia's Minister of Foreign Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urmas_Paet" title="Urmas Paet">Urmas Paet</a>, in 2012</figcaption></figure> The Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) is responsible for conducting investigations and prosecutions.<a href="#cite_note-prosecutor-85">[85]</a> It is headed by the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, who is assisted by one or more Deputy Prosecutors.<a href="#cite_note-structure-64">[64]</a> The Rome Statute provides that the Office of the Prosecutor shall act independently;<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 42  as such, no member of the Office may seek or act on instructions from any external source, such as states, <a href="/wiki/International_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="International organisation">international organisations</a>, non-governmental organisations or individuals.<a href="#cite_note-prosecutor-85">[85]</a> The Prosecutor may open an investigation under three circumstances:<a href="#cite_note-prosecutor-85">[85]</a> <ul><li>when a situation is referred by a state party;</li> <li>when a situation is referred by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>, acting to address a threat to international peace and security; or</li> <li>when the Pre-Trial Chamber authorises the prosecutor to open an investigation on the basis of information received from other sources, such as individuals or non-governmental organisations.</li></ul> Any person being investigated or prosecuted may request the disqualification of a prosecutor from any case "in which their impartiality might reasonably be doubted on any ground".<<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 42  Requests for the disqualification of prosecutors are decided by the Appeals Chamber.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 42  A prosecutor may be removed from office by an absolute majority of the states parties through a finding "to have committed serious misconduct or a serious breach of his or her duties" or is unable to exercise his or her functions.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 46  One critic said there are "insufficient checks and balances on the authority of the ICC prosecutor and judges" and "insufficient protection against politicized prosecutions or other abuses".<a href="#cite_note-US_DoS_faq-86">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Moreno_Ocampo" title="Luis Moreno Ocampo">Luis Moreno-Ocampo</a>, chief ICC prosecutor, stressed in 2011 the importance of politics in prosecutions: "You cannot say al-Bashir is in London, arrest him. You need a political agreement."<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> says the checks and balances are so weak that the prosecutor "has virtually unlimited discretion in practice".<a href="#cite_note-Kissinger-88">[88]</a> Lead prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo of <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, in office from 2003 to 2012, was succeeded in the role by <a href="/wiki/Fatou_Bensouda" title="Fatou Bensouda">Fatou Bensouda</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a>, who served from 16 June 2012 to 16 June 2021<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> (she was elected to the nine-year term on 12 December 2011).<a href="#cite_note-prosecutor-85">[85]</a> On 12 February 2021, British barrister <a href="/wiki/Karim_Ahmad_Khan" title="Karim Ahmad Khan">Karim Khan</a> was selected in a secret ballot against three other candidates to serve as lead prosecutor as of 16 June 2021. As British barrister, Khan had headed the United Nations' special investigative team when it looked into <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> crimes in Iraq. At the ICC, he had been lead defense counsel on cases from Kenya, Sudan and Libya.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Policy_Paper">Policy Paper</h5></div> A Policy Paper is a document occasionally published by the Office of the Prosecutor which puts forth the considerations given to the topics the office focuses on, and often the criteria for case selection.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> While a policy paper does not give the Court jurisdiction over a new category of crimes, it promises what the Office of Prosecutor will consider when selecting cases in the upcoming term of service. OTP's policy papers are subject to revision.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The five following Policy Papers have been published since the start of the ICC: <ul><li>1 September 2007: Policy Paper on the Interest of Justice<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li>12 April 2010: Policy Paper on Victims' Participation<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li> <li>1 November 2013: Policy Paper on Preliminary Examinations<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></li> <li>20 June 2014: Policy Paper on Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li>15 September 2016: Policy paper on case selection and prioritisation<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li> <li>15 November 2016: Policy on Children<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Environmental_crimes">Environmental crimes</h6></div> The Policy Paper published in September 2016 announced that the ICC will focus on environmental crimes when selecting the cases.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> According to this document, the Office will give particular consideration to prosecuting Rome Statute crimes that are committed by means of, or that result in, "inter alia, the destruction of the environment, the illegal exploitation of natural resources or the illegal dispossession of land".<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> This has been interpreted as a major shift in environmental law<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> and a move with significant effects.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Registry">Registry</h4></div> The Registry is responsible for the non-judicial aspects of the administration and servicing of the Court.<a href="#cite_note-registry-105">[105]</a> This includes, among other things, "the administration of legal aid matters, court management, victims and witnesses matters, defence counsel, detention unit, and the traditional services provided by administrations in international organisations, such as finance, translation, building management, procurement and personnel".<a href="#cite_note-registry-105">[105]</a> The Registry is headed by the Registrar, who is elected by the judges to a five-year term.<a href="#cite_note-structure-64">[64]</a> As of April 2023 the Registrar is <a href="/wiki/Osvaldo_Zavala_Giler" title="Osvaldo Zavala Giler">Osvaldo Zavala Giler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-osvaldo-106">[106]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>List of Registrars of the International Criminal Court </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Registrar</th> <th>Term</th> <th>Reference </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Cathala" title="Bruno Cathala">Bruno Cathala</a></td> <td>2003–2008</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Silvana_Arbia" title="Silvana Arbia">Silvana Arbia</a></td> <td>2008–2013</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Herman_von_Hebel" title="Herman von Hebel">Herman von Hebel</a></td> <td>2013–2018</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lewis_(prosecutor)" title="Peter Lewis (prosecutor)">Peter Lewis</a></td> <td>2018–2023</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Osvaldo_Zavala_Giler" title="Osvaldo Zavala Giler">Osvaldo Zavala Giler</a></td> <td>2023–present</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-osvaldo-106">[106]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crimes_for_which_individuals_can_be_prosecuted">Crimes for which individuals can be prosecuted</h2></div> The Court's subject-matter jurisdiction means the crimes for which individuals can be prosecuted. Individuals can only be prosecuted for crimes that are listed in the Statute. The primary crimes are listed in article 5 of the Statute and defined in later articles: <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> (defined in article 6), <a href="/wiki/Crime_against_humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> (defined in article 7), <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> (defined in article 8), and <a href="/wiki/Crime_of_aggression" title="Crime of aggression">crimes of aggression</a> (defined in article 8 bis) (since 2018).<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 5  In addition, article 70 defines offences against the administration of justice, which is a fifth category of crime for which individuals can be prosecuted.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genocide">Genocide</h3></div> Article 6 defines the crime of genocide as "acts committed with <a href="/wiki/Genocidal_intent" title="Genocidal intent">intent to destroy</a>, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group."<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 6  There are five such acts which constitute crimes of genocide under article 6:<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: articles 6(a)–6(e)  <ol><li>Killing members of a group</li> <li>Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group</li> <li>Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction</li> <li>Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group</li> <li>Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group</li></ol> The definition of these crimes is identical to those contained within the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide</a> of 1948. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crimes_against_humanity">Crimes against humanity</h3></div> Article 7 defines crimes against humanity as acts "committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack".<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 7  The article lists 16 such as individual crimes:<a href="#cite_note-Elements_of_Crimes-112">[112]</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">Murder</a></li> <li>Extermination</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enslavement" class="mw-redirect" title="Enslavement">Enslavement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_transfer#Changes_in_international_law" title="Population transfer">Deportation or forcible transfer of population</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li>Imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">Sexual slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_prostitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Enforced prostitution">Enforced prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_pregnancy" title="Forced pregnancy">Forced pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_sterilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Enforced sterilization">Enforced sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance">Enforced disappearance of persons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid_(crime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartheid (crime)">Apartheid</a></li> <li>Other inhumane acts</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_crimes">War crimes</h3></div> Article 8 defines war crimes depending on whether an armed conflict is either international (which generally means it is fought between states) or non-international (which generally means that it is fought between non-state actors, such as rebel groups, or between a state and such non-state actors). In total there are 74 war crimes listed in article 8.<a href="#cite_note-Elements_of_Crimes-112">[112]</a> The most serious crimes constitute either <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions#Enforcement" title="Geneva Conventions">grave breaches</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> of 1949, which only apply to international conflicts,<a href="#cite_note-Elements_of_Crimes-112">[112]</a> and serious violations of article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, which apply to non-international conflicts.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 8(2)(c)  Eleven crimes constitute grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and apply only to international armed conflicts:<a href="#cite_note-Elements_of_Crimes-112">[112]</a> <ol><li>Willful killing</li> <li>Torture</li> <li>Inhumane treatment</li> <li>Biological experiments</li> <li>Willfully causing great suffering</li> <li>Destruction and appropriation of property</li> <li>Compelling service in hostile forces</li> <li>Denying a fair trial</li> <li>Unlawful deportation and transfer</li> <li>Unlawful confinement</li> <li>Taking hostages</li></ol> Seven crimes constitute serious violations of article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and apply only to non-international armed conflicts:<a href="#cite_note-Elements_of_Crimes-112">[112]</a> <ol><li>Murder</li> <li>Mutilation</li> <li>Cruel treatment</li> <li>Torture</li> <li>Outrages upon personal dignity</li> <li>Taking hostages</li> <li>Sentencing or execution without due process</li></ol> Another 56 crimes defined by article 8: 35 apply to international armed conflicts and 21 to non-international armed conflicts.<a href="#cite_note-Elements_of_Crimes-112">[112]</a> Such crimes include attacking civilians or civilian objects, attacking peacekeepers, causing excessive incidental death or damage, transferring populations into occupied territories, treacherously killing or wounding, denying quarter, pillaging, employing poison, using expanding bullets, rape and other forms of sexual violence, and conscripting or using child soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 8  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crimes_of_aggression">Crimes of aggression</h3></div> Article 8 bis defines <a href="/wiki/Crimes_of_aggression" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimes of aggression">crimes of aggression</a>. The Statute originally provided that the Court could not exercise its jurisdiction over the crime of aggression until such time as the states parties agreed on a definition of the crime and set out the conditions under which it could be prosecuted.<a href="#cite_note-iccfact-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 5  Such an amendment was adopted at the first review conference of the ICC in Kampala, Uganda, in June 2010. This amendment specified that the ICC would not be allowed to exercise jurisdiction of the crime of aggression until two further conditions had been satisfied: (1) the amendment has entered into force for 30 states parties and (2) on or after 1 January 2017, the Assembly of States Parties has voted in favor of allowing the Court to exercise jurisdiction. On 26 June 2016 the first condition was satisfied<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> and the state parties voted in favor of allowing the Court to exercise jurisdiction on 14 December 2017.<a href="#cite_note-asp.icc-cpi.int-115">[115]</a> The Court's jurisdiction to prosecute crimes of aggression was accordingly activated on 17 July 2018.<a href="#cite_note-asp.icc-cpi.int-115">[115]</a> The Statute, as amended, defines the crime of aggression as "the planning, preparation, initiation or execution, by a person in a position effectively to exercise control over or to direct the political or military action of a State, of an act of aggression which, by its character, gravity and scale, constitutes a manifest violation of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Charter">Charter of the United Nations</a>."<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 8 bis(1)  The Statute defines an "act of aggression" as "the use of armed force by a State against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations."<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 8 bis(2) <a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The article also contains a list of seven acts of aggression, which are identical to those in <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_3314" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314</a> of 1974 and include the following acts when committed by one state against another state:<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: articles 8 bis(2)(a)–8 bis(2)(g)  <ol><li>Invasion or attack by armed forces against territory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">Military occupation</a> of territory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">Annexation</a> of territory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment" title="Bombardment">Bombardment</a> against territory</li> <li>Use of any weapons against territory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade" title="Blockade">Blockade</a> of ports or coasts</li> <li>Attack on the land, sea, or air forces or marine and air fleets</li> <li>The use of armed forces which are within the territory of another state by agreement, but in contravention of the conditions of the agreement</li> <li>Allowing territory to be used by another state to perpetrate an act of aggression against a third state</li> <li>Sending armed bands, groups, <a href="/wiki/Irregular_military" title="Irregular military">irregulars</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">mercenaries</a> to carry out acts of armed force</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Offences_against_the_administration_of_justice">Offences against the administration of justice</h3></div> Article 70 criminalizes certain intentional acts which interfere with investigations and proceedings before the Court, including giving false testimony, presenting false evidence, corruptly influencing a witness or official of the Court, retaliating against an official of the Court, and soliciting or accepting bribes as an official of the Court.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 70  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jurisdiction_and_admissibility">Jurisdiction and admissibility</h2></div> The Rome Statute requires that several criteria exist in a particular case before an individual can be prosecuted by the Court. The Statute contains three jurisdictional requirements and three admissibility requirements. All criteria must be met for a case to proceed. The three jurisdictional requirements are (1) subject-matter jurisdiction (what acts constitute crimes), (2) territorial or personal jurisdiction (where the crimes were committed or who committed them), and (3) temporal jurisdiction (when the crimes were committed). For an individual to be prosecuted by the Court either territorial jurisdiction or personal jurisdiction must exist. Therefore, an individual can only be prosecuted if he or she has either (1) committed a crime within the territorial jurisdiction of the Court or (2) committed a crime while being a national of a state that is within the territorial jurisdiction of the Court. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial_jurisdiction">Territorial jurisdiction</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Territorial_jurisdiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial jurisdiction">territorial jurisdiction</a> of the Court includes the territory, registered vessels, and registered aircraft of states which have either (1) become party to the Rome Statute or (2) accepted the Court's jurisdiction by filing a declaration with the Court.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 12  In situations that are referred to the Court by the United Nations Security Council, the territorial jurisdiction is defined by the Security Council, which may be more expansive than the Court's normal territorial jurisdiction.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 13(b)  For example, if the Security Council refers a situation that took place in the territory of a state that has both not become party to the Rome Statute and not lodged a declaration with the Court, the Court will still be able to prosecute crimes that occurred within that state. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_jurisdiction">Personal jurisdiction</h3></div> The personal jurisdiction of the Court extends to all natural persons who commit crimes, regardless of where they are located or where the crimes were committed, as long as those individuals are nationals of either (1) states that are party to the Rome Statute or (2) states that have accepted the Court's jurisdiction by filing a declaration with the Court.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 12  As with territorial jurisdiction, the personal jurisdiction can be expanded by the Security Council if it refers a situation to the Court.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 13(b)  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temporal_jurisdiction_requirements">Temporal jurisdiction requirements</h3></div> Temporal jurisdiction is the time period over which the Court can exercise its powers. No statute of limitations applies to any of the crimes defined in the Statute.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 29  This is not completely retroactive. Individuals can only be prosecuted for crimes that took place on or after 1 July 2002, which is the date that the Rome Statute entered into force.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 11(1)  If a state became party to the Statute, and therefore a member of the Court, after 1 July 2002, then the Court cannot exercise jurisdiction prior to the membership date for certain cases.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 11(2)  For example, if the Statute entered into force for a state on 1 January 2003, the Court could only exercise temporal jurisdiction over crimes that took place in that state or were committed by a national of that state on or after 1 January 2003. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admissibility_requirements">Admissibility requirements</h3></div> To initiate an investigation, the Prosecutor must (1) have a "reasonable basis to believe that a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court has been or is being committed", (2) the investigation would be consistent with the principle of complementarity, and (3) the investigation serves the interests of justice.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 53(1)  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Complementarity">Complementarity</h4></div> The principle of complementarity means the Court will only prosecute an individual if states are unwilling or unable to prosecute.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Therefore, if legitimate national investigations or proceedings into crimes have taken place or are ongoing, the Court will not initiate proceedings. This principle applies regardless of the outcome of national proceedings.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 17(a)–17(c)  Even if an investigation is closed without any criminal charges being filed or if an accused person is acquitted by a national court, the Court will not prosecute an individual for the crime in question so long as it is satisfied that the national proceedings were legitimate. The application of the complementarity principle has recently come under theoretical scrutiny.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 17(a)–17(c)  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gravity">Gravity</h4></div> The Court will only initiate proceedings if a crime is of "sufficient gravity to justify further action by the Court".<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 17(d)  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Interests_of_justice">Interests of justice</h4></div> The Prosecutor will initiate an investigation unless there are "substantial reasons to believe that an investigation would not serve the interests of justice" when "[t]aking into account the gravity of the crime and the interests of victims".<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 53(1)(c)  Furthermore, even if an investigation has been initiated and there are substantial facts to warrant a prosecution and no other admissibility issues, the Prosecutor must determine whether a prosecution would serve the interests of justice "taking into account all the circumstances, including the gravity of the crime, the interests of victims and the age or infirmity of the alleged perpetrator, and his or her role in the alleged crime".<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 53(2)(c)  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Individual_criminal_responsibility">Individual criminal responsibility</h2></div> The Court has jurisdiction over natural persons.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 25(1)  A person who commits a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court is individually responsible and liable for punishment in accordance with the Rome Statute.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 25(2)  In accordance with the Rome Statute, a person shall be criminally responsible and liable for punishment for a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court if that person: Commits such a crime, whether as an individual, jointly with another or through another person, regardless of whether that other person is criminally responsible;<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 25(3)(a)  Orders, solicits or induces the commission of such a crime which in fact occurs or is attempted;<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 25(3)(b)  For the purpose of facilitating the commission of such a crime, aids, abets or otherwise assists in its commission or its attempted commission, including providing the means for its commission;<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 25(3)(c)  In any other way contributes to the commission or attempted commission of such a crime by a group of persons acting with a common purpose.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 25(3)(d)  In respect of the crime of genocide, directly and publicly incites others to commit genocide;<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 25(3)(e)  Attempts to commit such a crime by taking action that commences its execution by means of a substantial step, but the crime does not occur because of circumstances independent of the person's intentions<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 25(3)(f)  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procedure">Procedure</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trial">Trial</h3></div> Trials are conducted under a hybrid <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> judicial system, but it has been argued the procedural orientation and character of the court is still evolving.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchabas2011302-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> A majority of the three judges present, as <a href="/wiki/Trier_of_fact" title="Trier of fact">triers of fact</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Bench_trial" title="Bench trial">bench trial</a>, may reach a decision, which must include a full and reasoned statement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchabas2011322-121">[121]</a> Trials are supposed to be public, but proceedings are often closed, and such exceptions to a public trial have not been enumerated in detail.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchabas2011303–304-122">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/In_camera" title="In camera">In camera</a> proceedings are allowed for protection of witnesses or defendants as well as for confidential or sensitive evidence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchabas2011304-123">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hearsay" title="Hearsay">Hearsay</a> and other indirect evidence is not generally prohibited, but it has been argued the court is guided by hearsay exceptions which are prominent in common law systems.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchabas2011312-124">[124]</a> There is no <a href="/wiki/Subpoena" title="Subpoena">subpoena</a> or other means to compel witnesses to come before the court, although the court has some power to compel testimony of those who chose to come before it, such as fines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchabas2011316-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rights_of_the_accused">Rights of the accused</h3></div> The Rome Statute provides that all persons are <a href="/wiki/Presumption_of_innocence" title="Presumption of innocence">presumed innocent until proven guilty</a> beyond <a href="/wiki/Legal_burden_of_proof" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal burden of proof">reasonable doubt</a>,<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 66  and establishes certain rights of the accused and persons during investigations.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> These include the right to be fully informed of the charges against them; the right to have a lawyer appointed, free of charge; the right to a <a href="/wiki/Speedy_trial" title="Speedy trial">speedy trial</a>; and the right to examine the witnesses against them. To ensure "equality of arms" between defence and prosecution teams, the ICC has established an independent Office of Public Counsel for the Defence (OPCD) to provide logistical support, advice and information to defendants and their counsel.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The OPCD also helps to safeguard the rights of the accused during the initial stages of an investigation.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Thomas Lubanga's defence team said they were given a smaller budget than the Prosecutor and that evidence and witness statements were slow to arrive.<a href="#cite_note-cfr-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Victim_participation">Victim participation</h3></div> One of the great innovations of the Statute of the International Criminal Court and its Rules of Procedure and Evidence is the series of rights granted to victims.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> For the first time in the history of international criminal justice, victims have the possibility under the Statute to present their views and observations before the Court. Participation before the Court may occur at various stages of proceedings and may take different forms, although it will be up to the judges to give directions as to the timing and manner of participation. Participation in the Court's proceedings will in most cases take place through a legal representative and will be conducted "in a manner which is not prejudicial or inconsistent with the rights of the accused and a fair and impartial trial". The victim-based provisions within the Rome Statute provide victims with the opportunity to have their voices heard and to obtain, where appropriate, some form of reparation for their suffering. It is the aim of this attempted balance between <a href="/wiki/Retributive_justice" title="Retributive justice">retributive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Restorative_justice" title="Restorative justice">restorative justice</a> that, it is hoped, will enable the ICC to not only bring criminals to justice but also help the victims themselves obtain some form of justice. Justice for victims before the ICC comprises both procedural and substantive justice, by allowing them to participate and present their views and interests, so that they can help to shape truth, justice and reparations outcomes of the Court.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Article 43(6) establishes a Victims and Witnesses Unit to provide "protective measures and security arrangements, counseling and other appropriate assistance for witnesses, victims who appear before the Court, and others who are at risk on account of testimony given by such witnesses."<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 43(6)  Article 68 sets out procedures for the "Protection of the victims and witnesses and their participation in the proceedings."<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 68  The Court has also established an Office of Public Counsel for Victims, to provide support and assistance to victims and their legal representatives.<a href="#cite_note-2006report-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reparations">Reparations</h3></div> Victims before the International Criminal Court can also claim reparations under Article 75 of the Rome Statute. Reparations can only be claimed when a defendant is convicted and at the discretion of the Court's judges.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> So far[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] the Court has ordered reparations against <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lubanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Lubanga">Thomas Lubanga</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Reparations can include compensation, restitution and rehabilitation, but other forms of reparations may be appropriate for individual, collective or community victims. Article 79 of the Rome Statute establishes a Trust Fund to provide assistance before a reparation order to victims in a situation or to support <a href="/wiki/Reparation_(legal)" title="Reparation (legal)">reparations</a> to victims and their families if the convicted person has no money.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooperation_by_states_not_party_to_Rome_Statute">Cooperation by states not party to Rome Statute</h3></div> One of the principles of international law is that a treaty does not create either obligations or rights for third states without their consent, and this is also enshrined in the 1969 <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_the_Law_of_Treaties" title="Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties">Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The cooperation of the non-party states with the ICC is envisioned by the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute" title="Rome Statute">Rome Statute</a> of the International Criminal Court to be of voluntary nature.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 87 (5)(a)  States not acceded to the Rome Statute might still be subject to an obligation to cooperate with ICC in certain cases.<a href="#cite_note-zhu-140">[140]</a> When a case is referred to the ICC by the UN <a href="/wiki/Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Security Council">Security Council</a> all UN member states are obliged to cooperate, since its decisions are binding for all of them.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Also, there is an obligation to respect and ensure respect for international humanitarian law, which stems from the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Additional_Protocol_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Additional Protocol I">Additional Protocol I</a>,<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> which reflects the absolute nature of <a href="/wiki/International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">international humanitarian law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> In relation to cooperation in investigation and evidence gathering, it is implied from the Rome Statute<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 99  that the consent of a non-party state is a prerequisite for <a href="#Office_of_the_Prosecutor">ICC Prosecutor</a> to conduct an investigation within its territory, and it seems that it is even more necessary for him to observe any reasonable conditions raised by that state, since such restrictions exist for states party to the Statute.<a href="#cite_note-zhu-140">[140]</a> Taking into account the experience of the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> (which worked with the principle of the primacy, instead of <a href="#Complementarity">complementarity</a>) in relation to cooperation, some scholars have expressed their pessimism as to the possibility of ICC to obtain cooperation of non-party states.<a href="#cite_note-zhu-140">[140]</a> As for the actions that ICC can take toward non-party states that do not cooperate, the Rome Statute stipulates that the Court may inform the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_States_Parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of States Parties">Assembly of States Parties</a> or Security Council, when the matter was referred by it, when non-party state refuses to cooperate after it has entered into an ad hoc arrangement or an agreement with the Court.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 87(5)  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amnesty_and_national_reconciliation_processes">Amnesty and national reconciliation processes</h3></div> It is unclear to what extent the ICC is compatible with reconciliation processes that grant <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a> to human rights abusers as part of agreements to end conflict.<a href="#cite_note-dworkin-144">[144]</a> Article 16 of the Rome Statute allows the Security Council to prevent the Court from investigating or prosecuting a case,<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 16  and Article 53 allows the Prosecutor the discretion not to initiate an investigation if he or she believes that "an investigation would not serve the interests of justice".<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 53  Former ICC president <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Kirsch" title="Philippe Kirsch">Philippe Kirsch</a> has said that "some limited amnesties may be compatible" with a country's obligations genuinely to investigate or prosecute under the Statute.<a href="#cite_note-dworkin-144">[144]</a> It is sometimes argued that amnesties are necessary to allow the <a href="/wiki/Peaceful_transition_of_power" title="Peaceful transition of power">peaceful transfer of power</a> from abusive regimes. By denying states the right to offer amnesty to human rights abusers, the International Criminal Court may make it more difficult to negotiate an end to conflict and a transition to democracy. For example, the outstanding arrest warrants for four leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army" title="Lord's Resistance Army">Lord's Resistance Army</a> are regarded by some as an obstacle to ending the insurgency in Uganda.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Czech politician Marek Benda argues that "the ICC as a deterrent will in our view only mean the worst dictators will try to retain power at all costs".<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> The United Nations<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> maintain that granting amnesty to those accused of war crimes and other serious crimes is a violation of international law. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Facilities">Facilities</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Headquarters">Headquarters</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">International Criminal Court</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Criminal_Court_building_(2019)_in_The_Hague_01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/International_Criminal_Court_building_%282019%29_in_The_Hague_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-International_Criminal_Court_building_%282019%29_in_The_Hague_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/International_Criminal_Court_building_%282019%29_in_The_Hague_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-International_Criminal_Court_building_%282019%29_in_The_Hague_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/International_Criminal_Court_building_%282019%29_in_The_Hague_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-International_Criminal_Court_building_%282019%29_in_The_Hague_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2031" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_649162226dfc0a7795c69fdd6df6b6ec48448b1c"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=International_Criminal_Court&revid=1259082763&groups=_649162226dfc0a7795c69fdd6df6b6ec48448b1c" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=International_Criminal_Court&revid=1259082763&groups=_649162226dfc0a7795c69fdd6df6b6ec48448b1c 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Completed</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Office</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, Netherlands</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=International_Criminal_Court&params=52_6_20_N_4_19_4_E_region:NL_type:landmark">52°6′20″N 4°19′4″E / 52.10556°N 4.31778°E / 52.10556; 4.31778</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction started</th><td class="infobox-data">Autumn 2012</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">December 2015</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Technical details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Floor area</th><td class="infobox-data">52,000 m2 (560,000 sq ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Design and construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architect(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Schmidt_Hammer_Lassen" title="Schmidt Hammer Lassen">Schmidt Hammer Lassen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developer</th><td class="infobox-data">Combination Visser & Smit Bouw and Boele & van Eesteren ('Courtys')</td></tr></tbody></table> The official seat of the Court is in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, Netherlands, but its proceedings may take place anywhere.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 3 <a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> The Court moved into its first permanent premises in The Hague, located at Oude Waalsdorperweg 10, on 14 December 2015.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Part of The Hague's International Zone,<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> which also contains the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Palace" title="Peace Palace">Peace Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europol" title="Europol">Europol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurojust" title="Eurojust">Eurojust</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICTY" class="mw-redirect" title="ICTY">ICTY</a>, <a href="/wiki/OPCW" class="mw-redirect" title="OPCW">OPCW</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Forum_Convention_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="World Forum Convention Center">The Hague World Forum</a>, the court facilities are situated on the site of the Alexanderkazerne, a former military barracks, adjacent to the dune landscape on the northern edge of the city. The ICC's detention centre is a short distance away. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Development">Development</h4></div> The land and financing for the new construction were provided by the Netherlands.<a href="#cite_note-Permanent-153">[153]</a> In addition, the host state organised and financed the architectural design competition which started at the end of 2008. Three architects were chosen by an international jury from a total of 171 applicants to enter into further negotiations. The Danish firm <a href="/wiki/Schmidt_Hammer_Lassen" title="Schmidt Hammer Lassen">Schmidt Hammer Lassen</a> were ultimately selected to design the new premises since its design met all the ICC criteria, such as design quality, sustainability, functionality and costs.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Demolition of the barracks started in November 2011 and was completed in August 2012.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> In October 2012 the tendering procedure for the General Contractor was completed and the combination Visser & Smit Bouw and Boele & van Eesteren ("Courtys") was selected.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Architecture">Architecture</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Criminal_Court_The_Hague_2020_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/International_Criminal_Court_The_Hague_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-International_Criminal_Court_The_Hague_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/International_Criminal_Court_The_Hague_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-International_Criminal_Court_The_Hague_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/International_Criminal_Court_The_Hague_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-International_Criminal_Court_The_Hague_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2164" /></a><figcaption>The Hague 2020</figcaption></figure> The building has a compact footprint and consists of six connected building volumes with a garden motif. The tallest volume with a green façade, placed in the middle of the design, is the Court Tower that accommodates three courtrooms. The rest of the building's volumes accommodate the offices of the different organs of the ICC.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provisional_headquarters,_2002–2015">Provisional headquarters, 2002–2015</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Netherlands,_The_Hague,_International_Criminal_Court.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Netherlands%2C_The_Hague%2C_International_Criminal_Court.JPG/220px-Netherlands%2C_The_Hague%2C_International_Criminal_Court.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Netherlands%2C_The_Hague%2C_International_Criminal_Court.JPG/330px-Netherlands%2C_The_Hague%2C_International_Criminal_Court.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Netherlands%2C_The_Hague%2C_International_Criminal_Court.JPG/440px-Netherlands%2C_The_Hague%2C_International_Criminal_Court.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1839" data-file-height="1316" /></a><figcaption>The former (provisional) headquarters of the ICC in The Hague, in use until December 2015</figcaption></figure> Until late 2015, the ICC was housed in interim premises in The Hague provided by the Netherlands.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Formerly belonging to <a href="/wiki/KPN" title="KPN">KPN</a>, the provisional headquarters were located at Maanweg 174 in the east-central portion of the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Detention_centre">Detention centre</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/People_detained_by_the_International_Criminal_Court#Detention_centre" title="People detained by the International Criminal Court">People detained by the International Criminal Court § Detention centre</a></div> The ICC's detention centre accommodates both those convicted by the court and serving sentences as well as those suspects detained pending the outcome of their trial. It comprises twelve cells on the premises of the <a href="/wiki/Scheveningen" title="Scheveningen">Scheveningen</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Hague_Penitentiary_Institution" title="Hague Penitentiary Institution">Haaglanden Penal Institution</a>, The Hague, close to the ICC's headquarters in the Alexanderkazerne.<a href="#cite_note-Scheveningen-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Suspects held by the former <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> were held in the same prison and shared some facilities, like the fitness room, but had no contact with suspects held by the ICC.<a href="#cite_note-Scheveningen-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_offices">Other offices</h3></div> The ICC maintains a liaison office in New York<a href="#cite_note-NY-161">[161]</a> and field offices in places where it conducts its activities.<a href="#cite_note-field-offices-162">[162]</a> As of 18 October 2007, the Court had field offices in <a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunia" title="Bunia">Bunia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ab%C3%A9ch%C3%A9" title="Abéché">Abéché</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangui" title="Bangui">Bangui</a>.<a href="#cite_note-field-offices-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finance">Finance</h2></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align: right;"> <caption>Top 10 contributions as of 31 December 2020<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">Country </th> <th scope="col">Contributions € </th> <th scope="col">Percent % </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1 </th> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td>24,311,100 </td> <td>16.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2 </th> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>16,193,649 </td> <td>10.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">3 </th> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>12,566,339 </td> <td>8.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">4 </th> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>12,143,931 </td> <td>8.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">5 </th> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>8,793,501 </td> <td>5.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">6 </th> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>8,255,791 </td> <td>5.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">7 </th> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>7,269,812 </td> <td>4.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">8 </th> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea">Republic of Korea</a> </td> <td>6,258,761 </td> <td>4.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">9 </th> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td>5,876,461 </td> <td>4.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">10 </th> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>5,706,356 </td> <td>3.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Others </th> <td>41,350,083 </td> <td>27.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Total </th> <td>148,725,784 </td> <td>100.0 </td></tr></tbody></table> The ICC is financed by contributions from the states parties. The amount payable by each state party is determined using the same method as the United Nations:<a href="#cite_note-budget_resolution_ICC-ASP-6-20-164">[164]</a> each state's contribution is based on the country's capacity to pay, which reflects factors such as a national income and population. The maximum amount a single country can pay in any year is limited to 22% of the Court's budget; Japan paid this amount in 2008. The Court spent €80.5 million in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-budget-performance-2007-165">[165]</a> The Assembly of States Parties approved a budget of €90.4 million for 2008,<a href="#cite_note-budget_resolution_ICC-ASP-6-20-164">[164]</a> €101.2 million for 2009,<a href="#cite_note-budget_resolution_2009-166">[166]</a> and €141.6 million for 2017.<a href="#cite_note-court-today-167">[167]</a> As of April 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Criminal_Court&action=edit">[update]</a>, the ICC's staff consisted of 800 persons from approximately 100 states.<a href="#cite_note-court-today-167">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trial_history">Trial history</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Omar_al-Bashir,_12th_AU_Summit,_090131-N-0506A-347.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Omar_al-Bashir%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090131-N-0506A-347.jpg/220px-Omar_al-Bashir%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090131-N-0506A-347.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Omar_al-Bashir%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090131-N-0506A-347.jpg/330px-Omar_al-Bashir%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090131-N-0506A-347.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Omar_al-Bashir%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090131-N-0506A-347.jpg/440px-Omar_al-Bashir%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090131-N-0506A-347.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>The ICC issued an arrest warrant for <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a> of Sudan over alleged war crimes in <a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">Darfur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></figcaption></figure> To date, the Prosecutor has opened investigations in fourteen situations: Afghanistan; Burundi; two in the Central African Republic; Côte d'Ivoire; Darfur, Sudan; the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Georgia; Kenya; Libya; Mali; Uganda; Bangladesh/Myanmar, Palestine and Venezuela.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Additionally, the Office of the Prosecutor is conducting preliminary examinations in six situations: Colombia; Guinea; Nigeria; the Philippines; Ukraine and Bolivia.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> The Court's Pre-Trial Chambers have <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_indicted_in_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="List of people indicted in the International Criminal Court">publicly indicted</a> 67 people. Proceedings against 35 are ongoing: 30 are at large as fugitives, four are on trial, and one is in the appeals stage. Proceedings against 32 have been completed: two are serving sentences, seven have finished sentences, four have been acquitted, seven have had the charges against them dismissed, four have had the charges against them withdrawn, and eight have died before the conclusion of the proceedings against them. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lubanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Lubanga">Thomas Lubanga</a>,<a href="#cite_note-lubanga-172">[172]</a> <a href="/wiki/Germain_Katanga" title="Germain Katanga">Germain Katanga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Ngudjolo_Chui" title="Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui">Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui</a> were tried by the ICC. Lubanga and Katanga were convicted and sentenced to 14 and 12 years imprisonment, respectively, whereas Chui was acquitted.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> The judgment of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Bemba" title="Jean-Pierre Bemba">Jean-Pierre Bemba</a> was rendered in March 2016. Bemba was convicted on two counts of crimes against humanity and three counts of war crimes. This marked the first time the ICC convicted someone of sexual violence as they added rape to his conviction.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Bemba's convictions were overturned by the Court's Appeal Chamber in June 2018.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> The Court refused to compensate Bemba for losses suffered by him during his 10 years of imprisonment. It has been argued that this decision raises important questions about the court's present powers.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda">Ntaganda</a> (DR Congo) was convicted to 30 years for crimes against humanity. The <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Bemba" title="Jean-Pierre Bemba">Bemba</a> et al. <abbr title="Offences against the administration of justice">OAJ</abbr> case and the <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo" title="Laurent Gbagbo">Laurent Gbagbo</a>-<a href="/wiki/Charles_Bl%C3%A9_Goud%C3%A9" title="Charles Blé Goudé">Blé Goudé</a> trial in the Côte d'Ivoire situation ended in acquittals. The <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_Banda" title="Abdallah Banda">Banda</a> trial in the situation of Darfur, Sudan, was scheduled to begin in 2014 but the start date was vacated. Charges against <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Malian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Faqi_al-Mahdi" title="Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi">Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi</a> have been confirmed<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> and he was sentenced to nine years in prison. On 25 November 2021, his sentence was commuted to 7 years in prison, and he was released on 18 September 2022.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ugandan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugandan">Ugandan</a> <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Ongwen" title="Dominic Ongwen">Dominic Ongwen</a> has been convicted to a prison sentence of 25 years.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> On 6 July 2020, two <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a> activist groups filed a complaint with the ICC calling for it to investigate PRC officials for <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">crimes against Uyghurs</a>, including allegations of genocide.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-ICC-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-ICC-182">[182]</a> In December 2020, ICC prosecutors rejected the complaint, stating that the ICC did not have jurisdictional basis to proceed.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> On 31 October 2023, the Israeli families of over 34 victims of the <a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel</a>, filed an Article 15 communication with the ICC prosecutor's office urging an investigation into the killings and abductions, and the ICC confirmed the receipt of the filing.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> also lodged a complaint regarding the deaths of eight Palestinian journalists in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> during Israel's bombardment, as well as an Israeli journalist killed during a surprise attack by Hamas in southern Israel.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigations_and_preliminary_examinations">Investigations and preliminary examinations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigations" title="International Criminal Court investigations">International Criminal Court investigations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ICC_investigations.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of countries in which the ICC is currently investigating situations." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ICC_investigations.png/460px-ICC_investigations.png" decoding="async" width="460" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ICC_investigations.png/690px-ICC_investigations.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ICC_investigations.png/920px-ICC_investigations.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>ICC investigations and examinations, as of March 2022 Green: Official investigations (Uganda, DR Congo, Central African Republic I + II, Darfur (Sudan), Kenya, Libya, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Georgia, Burundi, Afghanistan, Palestine, Venezuela I, Bangladesh/Myanmar, Philippines, Ukraine) Orange: Authorization to open investigation requested (none at present) Light red: Ongoing preliminary examinations (Nigeria, Guinea, Venezuela II) Dark red: Closed preliminary examinations that have not resulted in an investigation (Colombia, Iraq, Honduras, South Korea, Comoros (registered vessels), Gabon, Bolivia)</figcaption></figure> Currently, the Office of the Prosecutor has opened investigations in <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Afghanistan" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, the Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Darfur" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur">Darfur in Sudan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Kenya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Libya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Uganda" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda">Uganda</a>, Bangladesh/Myanmar, <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine">Palestine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_the_Philippines" title="International Criminal Court investigation in the Philippines">Philippines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Venezuela" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Venezuela">Venezuela</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> Additionally, the Office of the Prosecutor conducted preliminary examinations in situations in Bolivia, Colombia, Guinea, <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_and_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Iraq / the United Kingdom</a>, Nigeria, Georgia, Honduras, South Korea, Ukraine and Venezuela.<a href="#cite_note-ICC_preliminary_investigations_template-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Preliminary investigations were closed in Gabon; Honduras; registered vessels of Comoros, Greece, and Cambodia; South Korea; and Colombia on events since 1 July 2002.<a href="#cite_note-ICC_preliminary_investigations_template-187">[187]</a> Key: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Investigation <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Investigation pending authorization <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Preliminary examination ongoing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Preliminary examination closed <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin-top:0px; text-align:left"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:85%"> <th>Situation </th> <th>Referred by </th> <th>Referred on </th> <th>Preliminary examination on </th> <th>Investigation on </th> <th>Current status<a href="#cite_note-191">[A]</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref(s).</abbr> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </td> <td>Democratic Republic of the Congo </td> <td>19 April 2004 </td> <td>16 July 2003 </td> <td>23 June 2004 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 1) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td>Côte d'Ivoire </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>1 October 2003 </td> <td>3 October 2011 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 1) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Uganda" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda">Uganda</a> </td> <td>Uganda </td> <td>16 December 2003 </td> <td>16 December 2003 </td> <td>29 July 2004 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 2) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#FFAAAA"> <td>Colombia </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>30 June 2004 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Preliminary examination closed on 28 October 2021 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-PE_Report_2019-200">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td>Central African Republic I </td> <td>Central African Republic </td> <td>7 January 2005 </td> <td>7 January 2005 </td> <td>22 May 2007 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 2) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-Close_if_investigation_phase_in_CAR_I_&_II-204">[203]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Darfur,_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan">Darfur, Sudan</a> </td> <td>United Nations Security Council </td> <td>31 March 2005 </td> <td>1 April 2005 </td> <td>6 June 2005 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 1) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#FFAAAA"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_and_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Iraq / United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>9 February 2006 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Preliminary examination closed on 9 December 2020<a href="#cite_note-208">[B]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#FFAAAA"> <td>Venezuela </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>9 February 2006 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Preliminary examination closed on 9 February 2006 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Afghanistan" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>2007 </td> <td>5 March 2020 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 1) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Kenya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya">Kenya</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>5 February 2008 </td> <td>31 March 2010 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 2) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Georgia" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Georgia">Georgia</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>20 August 2008 </td> <td>27 January 2016 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 2) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#FFAAAA"> <td>Palestine<a href="#cite_note-218">[C]</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>22 January 2009 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Preliminary examination closed on 3 April 2012 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#FFAAAA"> <td>Guinea </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>14 October 2009 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Preliminary examination closed on 29 September 2022 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#FFAAAA"> <td>Honduras </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>18 November 2009 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Preliminary examination closed on 28 October 2015 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#FFFACD"> <td>Nigeria </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>18 November 2010 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Investigation pending authorization </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-PE_Report_2020-224">[221]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#FFAAAA"> <td>South Korea </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>6 December 2010 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Preliminary examination closed on 23 June 2014 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Libya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Libya">Libya</a> </td> <td>United Nations Security Council </td> <td>26 February 2011 </td> <td>28 February 2011 </td> <td>3 March 2011 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 1) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Mali" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Mali">Mali</a> </td> <td>Mali </td> <td>18 July 2012 </td> <td>18 July 2012 </td> <td>16 January 2013 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 1) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#FFAAAA"> <td>Registered vessels<a href="#cite_note-231">[D]</a> </td> <td>Comoros </td> <td>14 May 2013 </td> <td>14 May 2013 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Preliminary examination closed on 2 December 2019<a href="#cite_note-235">[E]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Registered_vessels_examination-233">[229]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td>Central African Republic II </td> <td>Central African Republic </td> <td>30 May 2014 </td> <td>7 February 2014 </td> <td>24 September 2014 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 2) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-236">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-Close_if_investigation_phase_in_CAR_I_&_II-204">[203]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">Ukraine</a><a href="#cite_note-Ukraine-238">[F]</a> </td> <td>Albania et al. </td> <td>2 March 2022 </td> <td>25 April 2014 </td> <td>2 March 2022 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 1) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-PE_Report_2020-224">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[233]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine">Palestine</a><a href="#cite_note-Palestine-241">[G]</a> </td> <td>Palestine </td> <td>22 May 2018 </td> <td>16 January 2015 </td> <td>3 March 2021 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 1) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-242">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[236]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td>Burundi </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>25 April 2016 </td> <td>25 October 2017 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 1) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-244">[237]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#FFAAAA"> <td>Gabon </td> <td>Gabon </td> <td>21 September 2016 </td> <td>29 September 2016 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Preliminary examination closed on 21 September 2018 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-245">[238]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td>Philippines </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>8 February 2018 </td> <td>15 September 2021 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 1) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-246">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[240]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Venezuela" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Venezuela">Venezuela I</a><a href="#cite_note-Venezuela_I_and_II-249">[H]</a> </td> <td>Argentina et al. </td> <td>27 September 2018 </td> <td>8 February 2018 </td> <td>3 November 2021 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 1) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-PE_Report_2020-224">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[242]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#CCFFCC"> <td>Bangladesh / Myanmar </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>18 September 2018 </td> <td>14 November 2019 </td> <td>Investigation (phase 1) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-251">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[244]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#FFDDDD"> <td>Venezuela II<a href="#cite_note-Venezuela_I_and_II-249">[H]</a> </td> <td>Venezuela </td> <td>13 February 2020 </td> <td>17 February 2020 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Preliminary examination (phase 2) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-PE_Report_2020-224">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-Venezuela_II-248">[241]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#FFAAAA"> <td>Bolivia </td> <td>Bolivia </td> <td>4 September 2020 </td> <td>9 September 2020 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Preliminary examination closed on 14 February 2022 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-253">[245]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#FFAAAA"> <td>Democratic Republic of the Congo II </td> <td>Democratic Republic of the Congo </td> <td>23 May 2023 </td> <td>15 June 2023 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Preliminary examination closed on 14 October 2024 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-254">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[247]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; background:#FFDDDD"> <td>Lithuania / Belarus </td> <td>Lithuania </td> <td>30 September 2024 </td> <td>30 September 2024 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Preliminary examination (phase 1) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-256">[248]</a> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:94.44%; background: #F2F2F2">Notes <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-upper-alpha" style="column-width: close;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> The Office of the Prosecutor processes preliminary examinations through different phases. Every communication is first given an initial assessment to determine if it is sufficiently serious and if it falls within the Court's jurisdiction (phase 1). If it does, the Office begins a preliminary examination by first considering whether the alleged crimes fall within the subject-matter jurisdiction of the Court (phase 2). If the Office is satisfied that all the jurisdictional requirements are met, it then focuses on issues of admissibility by considering complementarity and the gravity of the alleged crimes (phase 3). If there are no admissibility concerns, the Office then considers the interests of justice and decides whether or not to begin a formal investigation (phase 4).<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Once a formal investigation is opened, it is also processed through different phases. It is first processed through an "investigation phase" (phase 1), in which the Office determines the scope of its caseload, and then through a "prosecution phase" (phase 2), in which the Office completes the caseload.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> The preliminary examination of the situation in Iraq / the United Kingdom was initially closed on 9 February 2006, but was reopened on 13 May 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Iraq_examination-207">[206]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> A new preliminary investigation of the situation in Palestine was opened on 16 January 2015 and proceeded to a full investigation 3 March 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> The preliminary examination relates to registered vessels of the Comoros, Greece and Cambodia. </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> The Prosecutor previously closed the preliminary examination of the situation on registered vessels of the Comoros, Greece and Cambodia on 6 November 2014, but reconsidered her decision following a request by the Pre-Trial Chamber on 29 November 2017 and revised the final decision on 2 December 2019.<a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-Registered_vessels_examination-233">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ukraine-238"><a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_238-0">^</a> Albania, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom jointly referred the situation in Ukraine on 2 March 2022. Following the start of the investigation, Japan and North Macedonia also referred the situation.<a href="#cite_note-237">[232]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palestine-241"><a href="#cite_ref-Palestine_241-0">^</a> Following the start of the investigation, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Comoros, Djibouti, and South Africa also referred the situation.<a href="#cite_note-240">[234]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Venezuela_I_and_II-249">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Venezuela_I_and_II_249-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Venezuela_I_and_II_249-1">b</a> Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, and Peru jointly referred the situation in Venezuela I on 27 September 2018. Venezuela referred the situation in Venezuela II on 13 February 2020. In a statement, the Prosecutor noted that the two referrals "appear to overlap geographically and temporally" but further noted that such a statement "should not prejudice a later determination on whether the referred scope of the two situations is sufficiently linked to constitute a single situation."<a href="#cite_note-Venezuela_II-248">[241]</a> </li> </ol></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Summary of investigations<a href="#cite_note-257">[note 1]</a> and prosecutions by the International Criminal Court (not including reparations proceedings) </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center; background:#bfd7ff; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold; line-height:1.2em;"> <td rowspan="3">Situation </td> <td rowspan="3">Publicly indicted </td> <td colspan="4">Ongoing procedures </td> <td colspan="4">Procedures finished, due to ... </td> <td rowspan="2"><abbr title="Pre-Trial Chamber currently responsible">PTC</abbr> </td> <td rowspan="2"><abbr title="Trial Chambers currently responsible">TCs</abbr> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:#bfd7ff; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold; line-height:1.1em;"> <td>Not before court </td> <td>Pre-Trial </td> <td>Trial </td> <td>Appeal </td> <td>Death </td> <td>Inadmissibility </td> <td>Acquittal etc. </td> <td>Conviction </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:#bfd7ff; font-size:90%;"> <td><a href="#cite_note-258">[note 2]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-259">[note 3]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-260">[note 4]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-261">[note 5]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-262">[note 6]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-263">[note 7]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-264">[note 8]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-265">[note 9]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-266">[note 10]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1 Mudacumura </td> <td style="color:Silver">0 </td> <td style="color:Silver">0 </td> <td style="color:Silver">0 </td> <td style="color:Silver">0 </td> <td style="color:Silver">0 </td> <td>2 Chui, Mbarushimana </td> <td>3 Katanga, Lubanga, Ntaganda </td> <td>I </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Uganda" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda">Uganda</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1 Kony </td> <td style="color:Silver">0 </td> <td style="color:Silver">0 </td> <td style="color:Silver">0 </td> <td>3 Lukwiya, Odhiambo, Otti </td> <td style="color:Silver">0 </td> <td style="color:Silver">0 </td> <td>1 Ongwen </td> <td>III </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:Silver;"> <td style="color:black; text-align:left;">Central African Republic I </td> <td style="color:black">5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">1 Bemba (main case) </td> <td style="color:black">5 Kilolo, Babala, Mangenda, Arido, Bemba (OAJ) </td> <td style="color:black">II </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Darfur,_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan">Darfur, Sudan</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>3 Haroun, al-Bashir, Hussein </td> <td>1 Banda </td> <td>1 Kushayb </td> <td style="color:Silver">0 </td> <td>1 Jerbo </td> <td style="color:Silver">0 </td> <td>1 Abu Garda </td> <td style="color:Silver">0 </td> <td>II </td> <td>I Kushayb IV Banda </td></tr> <tr style="color:Silver; text-align:center;"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Kenya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya">Kenya</a> </td> <td style="color:black">9 </td> <td style="color:black">2 Barasa, Bett </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">1 Gicheru </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">6 Kosgey, Ali, Muthaura, Kenyatta, Ruto, Sang </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">II </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:Silver;"> <td style="color:black; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Libya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Libya">Libya</a> </td> <td style="color:black">11 </td> <td style="color:black">7 S. Gaddafi, Al Kani, Douma, Al Lahsa, Salheen, Al Shaqaqi, Al Zinkal </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">3 M. Gaddafi, Khaled, Werfalli </td> <td style="color:black">1 Senussi </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">I </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:Silver;"> <td style="color:black; text-align:left;">Côte d'Ivoire </td> <td style="color:black">3 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">3 L. Gbagbo, Blé Goudé, S. Gbagbo </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">II </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:Silver"> <td style="color:Black; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Mali" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Mali">Mali</a> </td> <td style="color:black">3 </td> <td style="color:black">1 Ghaly </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">1 al-Hassan </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">1 al-Mahdi </td> <td style="color:black">I </td> <td style="color:black">X al-Hassan </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:Silver"> <td style="color:Black; text-align:left;">Central African Republic II </td> <td style="color:black">6 </td> <td style="color:black">2 Adam, Beina </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">3 Yekatom, Ngaïssona, Said </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">1 Mokom </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">II </td> <td style="color:black">V Yekatom, Ngaïssona VI Said </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:Silver"> <td style="color:Black; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Georgia" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Georgia">Georgia</a> </td> <td style="color:black">3 </td> <td style="color:black">3 Guchmazov, Mindzaev, Sanakoev </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">I </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:Silver"> <td style="color:Black; text-align:left;">Burundi </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">II </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:Silver"> <td style="color:Black; text-align:left;">Bangladesh / Myanmar </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">I </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:Silver"> <td style="color:Black; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Afghanistan" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">II </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:Silver"> <td style="color:Black; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine">Palestine</a> </td> <td style="color:black">3 </td> <td style="color:black">3 Deif, Gallant, Netanyahu </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">I </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:Silver"> <td style="color:Black; text-align:left;">Philippines </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">I </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:Silver"> <td style="color:Black; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Venezuela" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Venezuela">Venezuela I</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">I </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:Silver"> <td style="color:Black; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td style="color:black">6 </td> <td style="color:black">6 Putin, Lvova-Belova, Kobylash, Sokolov, Shoigu, Gerasimov </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:black">II </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left">Total </th> <th>67 </th> <th>29 </th> <th>1 </th> <th>4 </th> <th>1 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>1 </th> <th>14 </th> <th>10 </th> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Notes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> A situation is listed here if an investigation was begun by the Prosecutor. </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> Indicted but has not yet appeared before the Court. </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> Indicted and has had at least first appearance; trial has not yet begun. </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> Trial has begun but has not yet been completed. </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> Trial has been completed and verdict delivered but appeal is pending. </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> Indicted but died before the trial or appeal (where applicable) was concluded. </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> Indicted but case was held inadmissible. </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> Indicted but either charges not confirmed or withdrawn or proceedings terminated or acquitted. If charges were not confirmed or withdrawn or if proceedings were terminated, the Prosecutor may again prosecute with fresh evidence. </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> Pre-Trial Chamber currently in charge </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> Trial Chambers currently in charge; once proceedings have moved to the Appeals Chamber, the Trial Chamber designation will be removed here. </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Overview on cases currently active before the ICC (excludes cases against fugitives and reparations proceedings) </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center; background:#bfd7ff; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold; line-height:1.2em;"> <td>Between initial appearance and beginning of confirmation of charges hearing </td> <td>Between beginning of confirmation of charges hearing and beginning of trial </td> <td>Between beginning of trial and judgment </td> <td>Between trial judgment and appeals judgment </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>al-Hassan </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Yekatom, Ngaïssona </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Kushayb </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Said </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td>Banda </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Detailed summary of investigations<a href="#cite_note-267">[note 1]</a> and prosecutions by the International Criminal Court </caption> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#BFD7FF;text-align:center;font-size:90%;"> <td rowspan="2">Situation </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_indicted_in_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="List of people indicted in the International Criminal Court">Individuals indicted</a> <a href="#cite_note-268">[note 2]</a> </td> <td colspan="5">Indicted<a href="#cite_note-269">[note 3]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Transfer to ICC Initial appearance <a href="#cite_note-270">[note 4]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Confirmation of charges hearing Result </td> <td rowspan="2">Trial Result </td> <td rowspan="2" style="padding-left:1px;padding-right:1px">Appeal hearings Result </td> <td rowspan="2">Current status </td> <td rowspan="2" style="padding-left:1px;padding-right:1px">Ref. </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#BFD7FF;text-align:center;font-size:90%;"> <td>Date </td> <td><abbr title="Genocide">G</abbr> </td> <td style="padding-left:1px;padding-right:1px"><abbr title="Crimes against humanity">CAH</abbr> </td> <td style="padding-left:1px;padding-right:1px"><abbr title="War crimes">WC</abbr> </td> <td style="padding-left:1px;padding-right:1px"><abbr title="Offences against the administration of justice">OAJ</abbr> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Investigation article</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lubanga_Dyilo" title="Thomas Lubanga Dyilo">Thomas Lubanga Dyilo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">10 February 2006 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">17 March 2006 20 March 2006 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9-28 November 2006 confirmed 29 January 2007 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">26 January 2009 – 26 August 2011 convicted 14 March 2012 sentenced 10 July 2012 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">19–20 May 2014 verdict and sentence confirmed 1 December 2014 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:honeydew">Convicted and sentenced to 14 years imprisonment; decision final; reparations regime established; ICC-related sentence served (after 14 years) </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-271">[249]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda">Bosco Ntaganda</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">22 August 2006 13 July 2012 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">22 March 2013 26 March 2013 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">10-14 February 2014 confirmed 9 June 2014 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 September 2015 - 30 August 2018 convicted 8 July 2019 sentenced 7 November 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Verdict and sentence confirmed 30 March 2021 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:honeydew">Convicted and sentenced to 30 years imprisonment; decision final; in custody of Belgian authorities; release between 2033 and 2043 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-272">[250]</a> <a href="#cite_note-273">[251]</a> <a href="#cite_note-274">[252]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Germain_Katanga" title="Germain Katanga">Germain Katanga</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 July 2007 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">17 October 2007 22 October 2007 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">27 June–18 July 2008 confirmed 26 September 2008 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">24 November 2009 – 23 May 2012 convicted 7 March 2014 sentenced 23 May 2014 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Appeals by Prosecution and Defence discontinued </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:honeydew">Convicted and sentenced to 12 years imprisonment; decision final; reparations regime established; ICC-related sentence served (after 8 years, 4 months); remained in custody of <abbr title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</abbr> authorities due to other charges </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-Katanga-275">[253]</a> <a href="#cite_note-276">[254]</a> <a href="#cite_note-277">[255]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Ngudjolo_Chui" title="Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui">Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 July 2007 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 February 2008 11 February 2008 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">24 November 2009 – 23 May 2012 acquitted 18 December 2012 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">21 October 2014 acquittal confirmed 27 February 2015 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Acquitted; decision final </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-278">[256]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Callixte_Mbarushimana" title="Callixte Mbarushimana">Callixte Mbarushimana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">28 September 2010 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25 January 2011 28 January 2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">16-21 September 2011 dismissed 16 December 2011 </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings finished with charges dismissed, released <a href="#cite_note-Article-61-8-RS-279">[note 5]</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-280">[257]</a> <a href="#cite_note-281">[258]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Sylvestre_Mudacumura" title="Sylvestre Mudacumura">Sylvestre Mudacumura</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">13 July 2012 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody, reportedly died on 17/18 September 2019 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-282">[259]</a> <a href="#cite_note-AJE_Mudacumura_death-283">[260]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Uganda" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda">Investigation article</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kony" title="Joseph Kony">Joseph Kony</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="5">8 July 2005 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">12 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="4"><a href="#cite_note-ICC-Kony-284">[261]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Okot_Odhiambo" title="Okot Odhiambo">Okot Odhiambo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings finished due to death </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Raska_Lukwiya" title="Raska Lukwiya">Raska Lukwiya</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings finished due to death </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Otti" title="Vincent Otti">Vincent Otti</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">11 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings finished due to death </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Ongwen" title="Dominic Ongwen">Dominic Ongwen</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">21 January 2015 26 January 2015 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">21–27 January 2016 confirmed 23 March 2016 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 December 2016 – 12 March 2020 convicted 4 February 2021 sentenced 6 May 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">14-18 February 2022 verdict and sentence confirmed 15 December 2022 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:honeydew">Convicted and sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment; decision final; in custody of Norwegian authorities, release between 2031 and 2040 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="1"><a href="#cite_note-285">[262]</a> <a href="#cite_note-286">[263]</a> <a href="#cite_note-287">[264]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Bemba" title="Jean-Pierre Bemba">Jean-Pierre Bemba</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">23 May 2008 10 June 2008 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 July 2008 4 July 2008 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">12-15 January 2009 confirmed 15 June 2009 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">22 November 2010 – 13 November 2014 convicted 21 March 2016 sentenced 21 June 2016 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9-16 January 2018 acquitted 8 June 2018 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Acquitted; decision final </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-288">[265]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="5">20 November 2013 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">23 November 2013 27 November 2013 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="5">in writing confirmed 11 November 2014 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="5">29 September 2015 – 2 June 2016 convicted 19 October 2016 sentenced 22 March 2017 partially re-sentenced upon appeal 17 September 2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="5">Verdicts modified and re-sentencing partially remanded to Trial Chamber 8 March 2018 re-sentencing confirmed 27 November 2019 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:honeydew" rowspan="1">Convicted and sentenced to one year of imprisonment and a fine of 300,000 USD; decision final; sentence served </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="5"><a href="#cite_note-289">[266]</a> <a href="#cite_note-290">[267]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Aimé Kilolo Musamba </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">25 November 2013 27 November 2013 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:honeydew" rowspan="1">Convicted and sentenced to a fine of 30,000 USD; decision final </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Fidèle Babala Wandu </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:honeydew" rowspan="1">Convicted and sentenced to six months of imprisonment; decision final; sentence served </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Jean-Jacques Mangenda Kabongo </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 December 2013 5 December 2013 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:honeydew" rowspan="1">Convicted and sentenced to eleven months of imprisonment; decision final; sentence served </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Narcisse Arido </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">18 March 2014 20 March 2014 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:honeydew" rowspan="1">Convicted and sentenced to eleven months of imprisonment; decision final; sentence served </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur, Sudan</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Darfur" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur">Investigation article</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Haroun" title="Ahmed Haroun">Ahmed Haroun</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">27 April 2007 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">20 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">22 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk" rowspan="1">Not in ICC custody </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-291">[268]</a> <a href="#cite_note-292">[269]</a> <a href="#cite_note-293">[270]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Kushayb" title="Ali Kushayb">Ali Kushayb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">22 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">28 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9 June 2020 15 June 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">24-26 May 2021 confirmed 9 July 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">5 April 2022 – </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:honeydew" rowspan="1">In ICC custody, charges confirmed, trial before Trial-Chamber I ongoing </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 March 2009 12 July 2010 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-294">[271]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Bahr_Idriss_Abu_Garda" title="Bahr Idriss Abu Garda">Bahr Idriss Abu Garda</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">7 May 2009 (summons) </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">18 May 2009 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">19-29 October 2009 dismissed 8 February 2010 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings finished with charges dismissed <a href="#cite_note-Article-61-8-RS-279">[note 5]</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-295">[272]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_Banda" title="Abdallah Banda">Abdallah Banda</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="1">27 August 2009 (summons) 11 September 2014 (warrant of arrest) </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">17 June 2010 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">8 December 2010 confirmed 7 March 2011 </td> <td style="background:silver" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">At large under warrant of arrest, previously appeared voluntarily, charges confirmed, trial before Trial Chamber IV to begin </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-Banda-Jerbo-1-296">[273]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Jerbo" title="Saleh Jerbo">Saleh Jerbo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="1">27 August 2009 (summons) </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7" rowspan="1">Proceedings finished due to death </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Rahim_Mohammed_Hussein" title="Abdel Rahim Mohammed Hussein">Abdel Raheem Muhammad Hussein</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1 March 2012 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-297">[274]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Kenya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya">Investigation article</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="3">8 March 2011 (summons) </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="3">7 April 2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">1-8 September 2011 confirmed 23 January 2012 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">10 September 2013 – 5 April 2016 (terminated) </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings terminated with no prejudice to re-prosecution, appeal possible </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="3"><a href="#cite_note-Ruto-Kosgey-Sang-CIS-298">[275]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Sang" title="Joshua Sang">Joshua Sang</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kosgey" title="Henry Kosgey">Henry Kosgey</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1-8 September 2011 dismissed 23 January 2012 </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:silver;vertical-align:middle;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings finished with charges dismissed <a href="#cite_note-Article-61-8-RS-279">[note 5]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Muthaura" title="Francis Muthaura">Francis Muthaura</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="3">8 March 2011 (summons) </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="3">8 April 2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">21 September – 5 October 2011 confirmed 23 January 2012 </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7" rowspan="2">Proceedings finished with confirmed charges withdrawn before trial </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="3"><a href="#cite_note-299">[276]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Hussein_Ali" title="Mohammed Hussein Ali">Mohammed Hussein Ali</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">21 September – 5 October 2011 dismissed 23 January 2012 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings finished with charges dismissed <a href="#cite_note-Article-61-8-RS-279">[note 5]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Walter Barasa </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 August 2013 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="1"><a href="#cite_note-300">[277]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gicheru" title="Paul Gicheru">Paul Gicheru</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">10 March 2015 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 November 2020 6 November 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">confirmed 15 July 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">15 February 2022 – 27 June 2022 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings finished due to death </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle"><a href="#cite_note-301">[278]</a> <a href="#cite_note-302">[279]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Philip Kipkoech Bett </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle"><a href="#cite_note-303">[280]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi">Libya</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Libya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Libya">Investigation article</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="3">27 June 2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings finished due to <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Muammar_Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Muammar Gaddafi">death</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-Situation-Libya-304">[281]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi" title="Saif al-Islam Gaddafi">Saif al-Islam Gaddafi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Senussi" title="Abdullah Senussi">Abdullah Senussi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings finished with case held inadmissible </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Tohami_Khaled" title="Tohami Khaled">Al-Tuhamy Mohamed Khaled</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="1">18 April 2013 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings finished due to death </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-305">[282]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Werfalli" title="Mahmoud al-Werfalli">Mahmoud al-Werfalli</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="1">15 August 2017 4 July 2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings finished due to death </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-306">[283]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Abdulrahem Al Kani </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="4">6 April 2023 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-307">[284]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Makhlouf Douma </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-308">[285]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Nasser Al Lahsa </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-309">[286]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Mohamed Salheen </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-310">[287]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Abdelbari Al Shaqaqi </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">18 July 2023 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-311">[288]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Fathi Al Zinkal </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-312">[289]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo" title="Laurent Gbagbo">Laurent Gbagbo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">23 November 2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">30 November 2011 5 December 2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">19–28 February 2013 confirmed 12 June 2014 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle" rowspan="2">28 January 2016 – 15 January 2019 acquitted 15 January 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle" rowspan="2">Acquittal confirmed 31 March 2021 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7" rowspan="2">Acquitted; decision final </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-313">[290]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bl%C3%A9_Goud%C3%A9" title="Charles Blé Goudé">Charles Blé Goudé</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">21 December 2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">22–23 March 2014 27 March 2014 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">29 September – 2 October 2014 confirmed 11 December 2014 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Simone_Gbagbo" title="Simone Gbagbo">Simone Gbagbo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">29 February 2012 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings finished with charges withdrawn </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-314">[291]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Mali" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Mali">Investigation article</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Faqi_al-Mahdi" title="Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi">Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">18 September 2015 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">26 September 2015 30 September 2015 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1 March 2016 confirmed 24 March 2016 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">22–24 August 2016 convicted and sentenced 27 September 2016 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:honeydew">Convicted and sentenced to nine years imprisonment; decision final; reparations regime established; ICC-related sentence served (after seven years) </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-315">[292]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hassan_Ag_Abdoul_Aziz" title="Al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz">Al Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">27 March 2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">31 March 2018 4 April 2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">8–17 July 2019 confirmed 30 September 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">14 July 2020 – 25 May 2023 convicted 26 June 2024 sentenced 20 November 2024 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:honeydew">Convicted and sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment; release between 2024 and 2028; appeal possible </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="1"><a href="#cite_note-316">[293]</a> <a href="#cite_note-317">[294]</a> <a href="#cite_note-318">[295]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Iyad_Ag_Ghaly" title="Iyad Ag Ghaly">Iyad Ag Ghaly</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">18 July 2017 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-319">[296]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> II </td> <td style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Yekatom" title="Alfred Yekatom">Alfred Yekatom</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">11 November 2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">17 November 2018 23 November 2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">19 September 2019 – 11 October 2019 confirmed 11 December 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">16 February 2021 – </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:honeydew" rowspan="2">In ICC custody, charges confirmed, trial before Trial-Chamber V ongoing </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-320">[297]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Patrice-Edouard_Nga%C3%AFssona" title="Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona">Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">7 December 2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">23 January 2019 25 January 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Mokom" title="Maxime Mokom">Maxime Mokom</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">10 December 2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">14 March 2022 22 March 2022 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"> 22–24 August 2023 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:#FAEBD7">Proceedings finished with charges withdrawn </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-321">[298]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Mahamat_Said_Abdel_Kani" title="Mahamat Said Abdel Kani">Mahamat Said Abdel Kani</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">7 January 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">24 January 2021 28–29 January 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">12–14 October 2022 confirmed 9 December 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">26 September 2022 – </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:honeydew">In ICC custody, charges confirmed, trial before Trial-Chamber VI ongoing </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-322">[299]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Noureddine_Adam" title="Noureddine Adam">Noureddine Adam</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">7 January 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="1"><a href="#cite_note-323">[300]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Edmond Beina </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">7 December 2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="1"><a href="#cite_note-324">[301]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Georgia" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Georgia">Investigation article</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mindzaev" title="Mikhail Mindzaev">Mikhail Mindzaev</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="3">24 June 2022 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="3"><a href="#cite_note-325">[302]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Gamlet Guchmazov </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/David_Sanakoev" title="David Sanakoev">David Sanakoev</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="10"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Investigation initiated </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-326">[303]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>/<a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="10"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Investigation initiated </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-327">[304]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Afghanistan" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Afghanistan">Investigation article</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="10"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Investigation initiated </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-328">[305]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine">Investigation article</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">21 November 2024 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody; presumably died on 13 July 2024 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="1"><a href="#cite_note-Deif-Gallant-Netanyahu-329">[306]</a> <a href="#cite_note-330">[307]</a> <a href="#cite_note-331">[308]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">21 November 2024 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-Deif-Gallant-Netanyahu-329">[306]</a> <a href="#cite_note-332">[309]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="10"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Investigation initiated </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-333">[310]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> I <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Venezuela" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Venezuela">Investigation article</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver" colspan="10"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Investigation initiated </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="#cite_note-334">[311]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">Investigation article</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures">Arrest warrants article</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">17 March 2023 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-335">[312]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lvova-Belova" title="Maria Lvova-Belova">Maria Lvova-Belova</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sokolov_(naval_officer)" title="Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)">Viktor Sokolov</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">5 March 2024 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-336">[313]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kobylash" title="Sergey Kobylash">Sergey Kobylash</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2">24 June 2024 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-337">[314]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background:silver"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;background:cornsilk">Not in ICC custody </td></tr></tbody></table> Notes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> A situation is listed here if the Prosecutor of the Court has opened an investigation. </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> Obviously, only persons who are publicly indicted are listed. The Court can issue an indictment under seal. </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> If not otherwise noted, the indicted is wanted by warrant of arrest. </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> If there was a warrant of arrest, the dates of transfer to the International Criminal Court (in italics) and of the initial appearance are given. In case of a summons to appear, only the date of the initial appearance is given. </li> <li id="cite_note-Article-61-8-RS-279">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Article-61-8-RS_279-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Article-61-8-RS_279-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Article-61-8-RS_279-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Article-61-8-RS_279-3">d</a> According to Article 61 (8) of the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute" title="Rome Statute">Rome Statute</a>, "where the Pre-Trial Chamber declines to confirm a charge, the Prosecutor shall not be precluded from subsequently requesting its confirmation if the request is supported by additional evidence." </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationships">Relationships</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darfur_report_-_Page_2_Image_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Darfur_report_-_Page_2_Image_1.jpg/220px-Darfur_report_-_Page_2_Image_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Darfur_report_-_Page_2_Image_1.jpg/330px-Darfur_report_-_Page_2_Image_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Darfur_report_-_Page_2_Image_1.jpg/440px-Darfur_report_-_Page_2_Image_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UN Security Council</a> referred the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">situation in Darfur</a> to the ICC in 2005.</figcaption></figure> Unlike the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>, the ICC is legally independent from the United Nations. The Rome Statute grants certain powers to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>, which limit its functional independence. Article 13 allows the Security Council to refer to the Court situations that would not otherwise fall under the Court's jurisdiction (as it did in relation to the situations in Darfur and Libya, which the Court could not otherwise have prosecuted as neither Sudan nor Libya are state parties). Article 16 allows the Security Council to require the Court to defer from investigating a case for a period of twelve months.<a href="#cite_note-RomeStatute-78">[78]</a>: article 16  Such a deferral may be renewed indefinitely by the Security Council. This sort of an arrangement gives the ICC some of the advantages inhering in the organs of the United Nations such as using the enforcement powers of the Security Council, but it also creates a risk of being tainted with the political controversies of the Security Council.<a href="#cite_note-338">[315]</a> The Court cooperates with the UN in many different areas, including the exchange of information and logistical support.<a href="#cite_note-un&icc-339">[316]</a> The Court reports to the UN each year on its activities,<a href="#cite_note-un&icc-339">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[317]</a> and some meetings of the Assembly of States Parties are held at UN facilities. The relationship between the Court and the UN is governed by a "Relationship Agreement between the International Criminal Court and the United Nations".<a href="#cite_note-341">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[319]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nongovernmental_organizations">Nongovernmental organizations</h3></div> During the 1970s and 1980s, international human rights and humanitarian Nongovernmental Organizations (or NGOs) began to proliferate at exponential rates. Concurrently, the quest to find a way to punish international crimes shifted from being the exclusive responsibility of legal experts to being shared with <a href="/wiki/International_human_rights_law" title="International human rights law">international human rights</a> activism. NGOs helped birth the ICC through advocacy and championing for the prosecution of perpetrators of crimes against humanity. NGOs closely monitor the organization's declarations and actions, ensuring that the work that is being executed on behalf of the ICC is fulfilling its objectives and responsibilities to civil society.<a href="#cite_note-Schiff-343">[320]</a> According to Benjamin Schiff, "From the Statute Conference onward, the relationship between the ICC and the NGOs has probably been closer, more consistent, and more vital to the Court than have analogous relations between NGOs and any other international organization." There are a number of NGOs working on a variety of issues related to the ICC. The NGO <a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Coalition for the International Criminal Court">Coalition for the International Criminal Court</a> has served as a sort of umbrella for NGOs to coordinate with each other on similar objectives related to the ICC. The CICC has 2,500 member organizations in 150 countries.<a href="#cite_note-CICC-344">[321]</a> The original steering committee included representatives from the <a href="/wiki/World_Federalist_Movement/Institute_for_Global_Policy" title="World Federalist Movement/Institute for Global Policy">World Federalist Movement</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_of_Jurists" title="International Commission of Jurists">International Commission of Jurists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lawyers_Committee_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawyers Committee for Human Rights">Lawyers Committee for Human Rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parliamentarians_for_Global_Action" title="Parliamentarians for Global Action">Parliamentarians for Global Action</a>, and <a href="/wiki/No_Peace_Without_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="No Peace Without Justice">No Peace Without Justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Schiff-343">[320]</a> Today, many of the NGOs with which the ICC cooperates are members of the CICC. These organizations come from a range of backgrounds, spanning from major international NGOs such as <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, to smaller, more local organizations focused on peace and justice missions.<a href="#cite_note-Schiff-343">[320]</a> Many work closely with states, such as the International Criminal Law Network, founded and predominantly funded by <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">the Hague</a> municipality and the Dutch Ministries of Defense and Foreign Affairs. The CICC also claims organizations that are themselves federations, such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Human_Rights_Leagues" class="mw-redirect" title="International Federation of Human Rights Leagues">International Federation of Human Rights Leagues</a> (FIDH). CICC members subscribe to three principles that permit them to work under the umbrella of the CICC, so long as their objectives match them: <ul><li>Promoting worldwide ratification and implementation of the Rome Statute of the ICC</li> <li>Maintaining the integrity of the Rome Statute of the ICC, and</li> <li>Ensuring the ICC will be as fair, effective and independent as possible<a href="#cite_note-CICC-344">[321]</a></li></ul> The NGOs that work under the CICC do not normally pursue agendas exclusive to the work of the Court, rather they may work for broader causes, such as general human rights issues, victims' rights, gender rights, rule of law, conflict mediation, and peace.<a href="#cite_note-Schiff-343">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[322]</a> The CICC coordinates their efforts to improve the efficiency of NGOs' contributions to the Court and to pool their influence on major common issues. From the ICC side, it has been useful to have the CICC channel NGO contacts with the Court so that its officials do not have to interact individually with thousands of separate organizations. NGOs have been crucial to the evolution of the ICC, as they assisted in the creation of the normative climate that urged states to seriously consider the Court's formation. Their legal experts helped shape the Statute, while their lobbying efforts built support for it. They advocate Statute ratification globally and work at expert and political levels within member states for passage of necessary domestic legislation. NGOs are greatly represented at meetings for the <a href="#Assembly">Assembly of States Parties</a>, and they use the ASP meetings to press for decisions promoting their priorities.<a href="#cite_note-Schiff-343">[320]</a> Many of these NGOs have reasonable access to important officials at the ICC because of their involvement during the Statute process. They are engaged in monitoring, commenting upon, and assisting in the ICC's activities. The ICC often depends on NGOs to interact with local populations. The Registry Public Information Office personnel and Victims Participation and Reparations Section officials hold seminars for local leaders, professionals and the media to spread the word about the Court.<a href="#cite_note-Schiff-343">[320]</a> These are the kinds of events that are often hosted or organized by local NGOs. Because there can be challenges with determining which of these NGOs are legitimate, CICC regional representatives often have the ability to help screen and identify trustworthy organizations. NGOs are also "sources of criticism, exhortation and pressure upon" the ICC.<a href="#cite_note-Schiff-343">[320]</a> The ICC heavily depends on NGOs for its operations. Although NGOs and states cannot directly impact the judicial nucleus of the organization, they can impart information on crimes, can help locate victims and witnesses, and can promote and organize victim participation. NGOs outwardly comment on the Court's operations, "push for expansion of its activities especially in the new justice areas of outreach in conflict areas, in victims' participation and reparations, and in upholding due-process standards and defense 'equality of arms' and so implicitly set an agenda for the future evolution of the ICC."<a href="#cite_note-Schiff-343">[320]</a> The relatively uninterrupted progression of NGO involvement with the ICC may mean that NGOs have become repositories of more institutional historical knowledge about the ICC than its national representatives, and have greater expertise than some of the organization's employees themselves. While NGOs look to mold the ICC to satisfy the interests and priorities that they have worked for since the early 1990s, they unavoidably press against the limits imposed upon the ICC by the states that are members of the organization. NGOs can pursue their own mandates, irrespective of whether they are compatible with those of other NGOs, while the ICC must respond to the complexities of its own mandate as well as those of the states and NGOs. Another issue has been that NGOs possess "exaggerated senses of their ownership over the organization and, having been vital to and successful in promoting the Court, were not managing to redefine their roles to permit the Court its necessary independence."<a href="#cite_note-Schiff-343">[320]</a> Additionally, because there does exist such a gap between the large human rights organizations and the smaller peace-oriented organizations, it is difficult for ICC officials to manage and gratify all of their NGOs. "ICC officials recognize that the NGOs pursue their own agendas, and that they will seek to pressure the ICC in the direction of their own priorities rather than necessarily understanding or being fully sympathetic to the myriad constraints and pressures under which the Court operates."<a href="#cite_note-Schiff-343">[320]</a> Both the ICC and the NGO community avoid criticizing each other publicly or vehemently, although NGOs have released advisory and cautionary messages regarding the ICC. They avoid taking stances that could potentially give the Court's adversaries, particularly the U.S., more motive to berate the organization. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_and_opposition">Criticism and opposition</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African_states">African states</h3></div> In October 2016, after repeated claims that the court was biased against African states, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a> announced their withdrawals from the Rome Statute.<a href="#cite_note-WPGambiaWD-346">[323]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/2016_Gambian_presidential_election" title="2016 Gambian presidential election">Gambia's presidential election</a> later that year, which ended the long rule of <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Jammeh" title="Yahya Jammeh">Yahya Jammeh</a>, Gambia rescinded its withdrawal notification.<a href="#cite_note-347">[324]</a> A decision by the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_South_Africa" title="High Court of South Africa">High Court of South Africa</a> in early 2017 ruled that the attempted withdrawal was unconstitutional, as it had not been agreed by Parliament, prompting the South African government to inform the UN that it was revoking its decision to withdraw.<a href="#cite_note-348">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[326]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African_accusations_of_Western_imperialism">African accusations of Western imperialism</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Samoei_Ruto_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/William_Samoei_Ruto_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-William_Samoei_Ruto_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/William_Samoei_Ruto_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-William_Samoei_Ruto_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/William_Samoei_Ruto_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-William_Samoei_Ruto_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Kenyan politician <a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a> in February 2013</figcaption></figure> The ICC has been accused of bias and as being a tool of Western <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a>, only punishing leaders from small, weak states while ignoring crimes committed by richer and more powerful states.<a href="#cite_note-350">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[330]</a> This sentiment has been expressed particularly by African leaders due to an alleged disproportionate focus of the Court on Africa, while it claims to have a global mandate. Until January 2016, all nine situations which the ICC had been investigating were in African countries.<a href="#cite_note-354">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-france24.com-355">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[333]</a> African critics have suggested the ICC is acting as a neo-colonial force seeking to further empower Western political and extractive interests in Africa.".<a href="#cite_note-mcdonald2019-357">[334]</a> Scholar Awol Allo has described the court's underlying problem that has led to these challenges with Africa as not overt <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Eurocentrism" title="Eurocentrism">Eurocentrism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-5">[5]</a> Another analysis suggests that African states are motivated by concerns over Africa's place in world order: the problem is the sovereign inequality displayed by the ICC prosecutor's focus.<a href="#cite_note-358">[335]</a> The prosecution of Kenyan Deputy President <a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a> and President <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> (both charged before coming into office) led to the Kenyan parliament passing a motion calling for Kenya's withdrawal from the ICC, and the country called on the other 33 African states party to the ICC to withdraw their support, an issue which was discussed at a special <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> (AU) summit in October 2013.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-359">[336]</a> Though the ICC has denied the charge of disproportionately targeting African leaders, and claims to stand up for victims wherever they may be, Kenya was not alone in criticising the ICC. Sudanese President <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a> visited <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> and several other countries despite an outstanding ICC warrant for his arrest but was not arrested; he said that the charges against him are "exaggerated" and that the ICC was a part of a "<a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> plot" against him.<a href="#cite_note-:4-360">[337]</a> Ivory Coast's government opted not to transfer former first lady <a href="/wiki/Simone_Gbagbo" title="Simone Gbagbo">Simone Gbagbo</a> to the court but to instead try her at home. Rwanda's ambassador to the African Union, Joseph Nsengimana, argued that "It is not only the case of Kenya. We have seen international justice become more and more a political matter." Ugandan President <a href="/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni" title="Yoweri Museveni">Yoweri Museveni</a> accused the ICC of "mishandling complex African issues".<a href="#cite_note-:4-360">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-359">[336]</a> Ethiopian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hailemariam_Desalegn" title="Hailemariam Desalegn">Hailemariam Desalegn</a>, at the time AU chairman, told the UN General Assembly at the <a href="/wiki/General_debate_of_the_sixty-eighth_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="General debate of the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly">General debate of the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly</a>: "The manner in which the ICC has been operating has left a very bad impression in Africa. It is totally unacceptable."<a href="#cite_note-361">[338]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African_Union_(AU)_withdrawal_proposal">African Union (AU) withdrawal proposal</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/States_parties_to_the_Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court#Withdrawal" class="mw-redirect" title="States parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">States parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court § Withdrawal</a></div> South African President <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a> said the perceptions of the ICC as "unreasonable" led to the calling of the special AU summit on 13 October 2015. Botswana is a notable supporter of the ICC in Africa.<a href="#cite_note-362">[339]</a> At the summit, the AU did not endorse the proposal for a collective withdrawal from the ICC due to lack of support for the idea.<a href="#cite_note-363">[340]</a> The summit concluded that serving heads of state should not be put on trial and that the Kenyan cases should be deferred. Ethiopian formerly Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" class="mw-redirect" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a> said: "We have rejected the double standard that the ICC is applying in dispensing international justice."<a href="#cite_note-364">[341]</a> Despite these calls, the ICC went ahead with requiring William Ruto to attend his trial.<a href="#cite_note-365">[342]</a> The UNSC was then asked to consider deferring the trials of Kenyatta and Ruto for a year,<a href="#cite_note-366">[343]</a> but this was rejected.<a href="#cite_note-367">[344]</a> In November, the ICC's Assembly of State Parties responded to Kenya's calls for an exemption for sitting heads of state<a href="#cite_note-368">[345]</a> by agreeing to consider <a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Amendments to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">amendments to the Rome Statute</a> to address the concerns.<a href="#cite_note-369">[346]</a> On 7 October 2016, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> announced that it would leave the ICC, after the court began investigating political violence in that nation. In the two weeks that followed, South Africa and The Gambia also announced their intention to leave the court, with Kenya and Namibia reportedly also considering departure. All three nations cited the fact that all 39 people indicted by the court over its history by that date had been African and that the court has made no effort to investigate war crimes tied to the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-370">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[348]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/2016_Gambian_presidential_election" title="2016 Gambian presidential election">The Gambia's presidential election</a> later that year, which ended the long rule of <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Jammeh" title="Yahya Jammeh">Yahya Jammeh</a>, the new government rescinded its withdrawal notification.<a href="#cite_note-372">[349]</a> The <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_South_Africa" title="High Court of South Africa">High Court of South Africa</a> ruled on 2 February 2017 that the South African government's notice to withdraw was unconstitutional and invalid.<a href="#cite_note-373">[350]</a> On 7 March 2017 the South African government formally revoked its intention to withdraw.<a href="#cite_note-374">[351]</a> The ruling <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a> revealed on 5 July 2017 that its intention to withdraw stands.<a href="#cite_note-375">[352]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> reported in 2024, on the basis of anonymous sources, that Israel had conducted a nine year "war" against the ICC. These sources alleged that Israeli intelligence agencies were used to "surveil, hack, pressure, smear and allegedly threaten senior ICC staff in an effort to derail the court's inquiries." In particular, <a href="/wiki/Yossi_Cohen" title="Yossi Cohen">Yossi Cohen</a>, director of <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> at the time, allegedly threatened ICC <a href="/wiki/Prosecutor_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court">Prosecutor</a> <a href="/wiki/Fatou_Bensouda" title="Fatou Bensouda">Fatou Bensouda</a> and her family in an attempt to dissuade her from opening war crime inquiries against Israel. The anonymous sources are said to be familiar with disclosures Bensouda made to the ICC regarding the operation.<a href="#cite_note-guardian280524-376">[353]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3></div> Following the announcement that the ICC would open a preliminary investigation on the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> in connection to its <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Drug War">escalating drug war</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> announced on 14 March 2018 that the Philippines would start to submit plans to withdraw, completing the process on 17 March 2019. The ICC pointed out that it retained jurisdiction over the Philippines during the period when it was a state party to the Rome Statute, from November 2011 to March 2019.<a href="#cite_note-377">[354]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures">International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:XV_BRICS_Summit_family_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/XV_BRICS_Summit_family_photo.jpg/220px-XV_BRICS_Summit_family_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/XV_BRICS_Summit_family_photo.jpg/330px-XV_BRICS_Summit_family_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/XV_BRICS_Summit_family_photo.jpg/440px-XV_BRICS_Summit_family_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>To avoid arrest, Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> did not attend the <a href="/wiki/15th_BRICS_summit" title="15th BRICS summit">15th BRICS summit</a> in Johannesburg. Russia was represented by Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lavrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Lavrov">Sergei Lavrov</a> (right).</figcaption></figure> In March 2023, Kremlin spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a> announced that <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> did not recognize the Court's decision to issue an arrest warrant for President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> on account of <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">war crimes in Ukraine</a> and noted that Russia, like other countries which had not ratified the Rome Statute, did not recognise the jurisdiction of the ICC, saying "And accordingly, any decisions of this kind are null and void for the Russian Federation from the point of view of law."<a href="#cite_note-:1-378">[355]</a> <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a> speaker <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin" title="Vyacheslav Volodin">Vyacheslav Volodin</a> wrote on <a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a>, "Yankees, hands off Putin!" calling the move evidence of Western "hysteria", and saying that "we regard any attacks on the President of the Russian Federation as aggression against our country".<a href="#cite_note-:1-378">[355]</a> South African Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Naledi_Pandor" title="Naledi Pandor">Naledi Pandor</a> criticized the ICC for not having what she called an "evenhanded approach" to all leaders responsible for violations of international law.<a href="#cite_note-379">[356]</a> South Africa, which failed in its obligation to arrest visiting Sudanese President <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a> in June 2015, invited Vladimir Putin to the <a href="/wiki/BRICS#Summits" title="BRICS">15th BRICS Summit</a> in Durban.<a href="#cite_note-380">[357]</a> On 19 July 2023, South Africa announced that "by mutual agreement" Putin would not attend the summit. Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lavrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Lavrov">Sergei Lavrov</a> attended in Putin's place.<a href="#cite_note-381">[358]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_in_Ulaanbaatar,_Mongolia_on_September_3,_2024_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Vladimir_Putin_in_Ulaanbaatar%2C_Mongolia_on_September_3%2C_2024_%282%29.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Ulaanbaatar%2C_Mongolia_on_September_3%2C_2024_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Vladimir_Putin_in_Ulaanbaatar%2C_Mongolia_on_September_3%2C_2024_%282%29.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Ulaanbaatar%2C_Mongolia_on_September_3%2C_2024_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Vladimir_Putin_in_Ulaanbaatar%2C_Mongolia_on_September_3%2C_2024_%282%29.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Ulaanbaatar%2C_Mongolia_on_September_3%2C_2024_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Putin with Mongolian President <a href="/wiki/Ukhnaagiin_Kh%C3%BCrels%C3%BCkh" title="Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh">Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh</a> in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 3 September 2024</figcaption></figure> In the months following the arrest warrant for Putin being issued, Russia issued warrants for the arrest of multiple ICC officials, including the court's president <a href="/wiki/Piotr_Hofma%C5%84ski" title="Piotr Hofmański">Piotr Hofmański</a> and its vice-president <a href="/wiki/Luz_del_Carmen_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_Carranza" title="Luz del Carmen Ibáñez Carranza">Luz del Carmen Ibáñez Carranza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-382">[359]</a> Due to <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> being a signatory of the Rome Statute of the ICC, Putin could be placed under arrest by the Mongolian authorities if he sets foot on Mongolian territory. In advance of a <a href="/wiki/Mongolia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Mongolia–Russia relations">visit by Putin to Mongolia</a> on 3 September 2024, the ICC stated that Mongolia was obligated to place Putin under arrest.<a href="#cite_note-383">[360]</a> After failure to make the arrest, Mongolia was described as complicit in Putin's war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-384">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[362]</a> Following the visit and the refusal to arrest Putin, the Mongolia government said that the issue of energy relations is critical to the country and that "Mongolia has always maintained a policy of neutrality in all its diplomatic relations, as demonstrated in our statements of record to date."<a href="#cite_note-386">[363]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_George_W._Bush_signs_H.J._Resolution_114_authorizing_the_use_of_force_against_Iraq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/President_George_W._Bush_signs_H.J._Resolution_114_authorizing_the_use_of_force_against_Iraq.jpg/220px-President_George_W._Bush_signs_H.J._Resolution_114_authorizing_the_use_of_force_against_Iraq.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/President_George_W._Bush_signs_H.J._Resolution_114_authorizing_the_use_of_force_against_Iraq.jpg/330px-President_George_W._Bush_signs_H.J._Resolution_114_authorizing_the_use_of_force_against_Iraq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/President_George_W._Bush_signs_H.J._Resolution_114_authorizing_the_use_of_force_against_Iraq.jpg/440px-President_George_W._Bush_signs_H.J._Resolution_114_authorizing_the_use_of_force_against_Iraq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (left)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="United States and the International Criminal Court">United States and the International Criminal Court</a></div> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/American_Service-Members%27_Protection_Act" title="American Service-Members' Protection Act">American Service-Members' Protection Act</a>, (informally referred to as The Hague Invasion Act), to signify the United States' opposition to any possible future jurisdiction of the court or its tribunals. The act gives the President the power to use "all means necessary and appropriate to bring about the release of any U.S. or allied personnel being detained or imprisoned by, on behalf of, or at the request of the International Criminal Court".<a href="#cite_note-387">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[366]</a> During the administration of <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, U.S. opposition to the ICC evolved to "positive engagement", although no effort was made to <a href="/wiki/Ratify" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratify">ratify</a> the Rome Statute.<a href="#cite_note-390">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-391">[368]</a> The subsequent <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Donald Trump administration</a> was considerably more hostile to the Court, similar to the Bush administration threatening prosecution and financial sanctions on ICC judges and staff in U.S. courts as well as imposing visa bans in response to any investigation against American nationals in connection to alleged crimes and atrocities perpetrated by the U.S. in Afghanistan. The threat included sanctions against any of over 120 countries which have ratified the Court for cooperating in the process.<a href="#cite_note-392">[369]</a> In November 2017, <a href="/wiki/Fatou_Bensouda" title="Fatou Bensouda">Fatou Bensouda</a> advised the court to consider seeking charges for human rights abuses committed during the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a> such as alleged rapes and tortures by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Armed Forces">U.S. Armed Forces</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>, crime against humanity committed by the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>, and war crimes committed by the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_National_Security_Forces" title="Afghan National Security Forces">Afghan National Security Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-393">[370]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_R._Bolton" class="mw-redirect" title="John R. Bolton">John Bolton</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Advisor of the United States">National Security Advisor of the United States</a>, stated that ICC Court had no jurisdiction over the U.S., which did not ratify the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute" title="Rome Statute">Rome Statute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-394">[371]</a> In 2020, overturning the previous decision not to proceed, senior judges at the ICC authorized an investigation into the alleged war crimes in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-395">[372]</a> On 11 June 2020, the United States announced sanctions on officials and employees, as well as their families, involved in investigating alleged crimes against humanity committed by U.S. armed forces in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-396">[373]</a> This move was widely criticized by human rights groups.<a href="#cite_note-397">[374]</a> The U.S. ordered sanctions against the ICC prosecutor Fatou Bensouda, and the ICC's head of Jurisdiction, Complementary, and Cooperation Division, Phakiso Mochochok, for an investigation into alleged war crimes by U.S. forces and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Afghanistan since 2003.<a href="#cite_note-398">[375]</a> "The US government has reason to doubt the honesty of the ICC. The Department of Justice has received substantial credible information that raises serious concerns about a long history of financial corruption and malfeasance at the highest levels of the office of the prosecutor", Attorney General <a href="/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">William Barr</a> stated. The ICC responded with a statement expressing "profound regret at the announcement of further threats and coercive actions." "These attacks constitute an escalation and an unacceptable attempt to interfere with the rule of law and the Court's judicial proceedings", the statement said. "They are announced with the declared aim of influencing the actions of ICC officials in the context of the court's independent and objective investigations and impartial judicial proceedings."<a href="#cite_note-399">[376]</a> On 30 September 2020, prominent United States human rights lawyers announced that they would sue Trump and his Administration—including <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a>, Treasury secretary <a href="/wiki/Steven_Mnuchin" title="Steven Mnuchin">Steven Mnuchin</a>, attorney general <a href="/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">William Barr</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Foreign_Assets_Control" title="Office of Foreign Assets Control">OFAC</a> director <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Gacki" title="Andrea Gacki">Andrea Gacki</a>, and the departments they head—on the grounds that Trump's <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13928" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 13928">Executive Order 13928</a> order had <a href="/wiki/Gag_order" title="Gag order">gagged them</a>, violating their right to free speech and impeding their work in trying to obtain justice on behalf of victims of war crimes. One of the plaintiffs, <a href="/wiki/Diane_Marie_Amann" title="Diane Marie Amann">Diane Marie Amann</a>, stated that, as a result of sanctions against the chief prosecutor at the ICC, she herself risked having her family assets seized if she continued to work for children who are bought and sold by traffickers, killed, tortured, sexually abused and forced to become child soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-400">[377]</a> On 4 January 2021, U.S. District Judge <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Polk_Failla" title="Katherine Polk Failla">Katherine Polk Failla</a> in New York City issued a preliminary injunction against the Trump administration from imposing criminal or civil penalties against ICC personnel and those who support the court's work, including the plaintiffs.<a href="#cite_note-401">[378]</a> The sanctions were subsequently lifted by the Biden administration Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> in April 2021.<a href="#cite_note-402">[379]</a> In 2023, the Biden administration welcomed the issuing of an ICC arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> said that the issuing of the warrant "makes a very strong point".<a href="#cite_note-putin_warrant_2023_03_18_bbc-48">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Netanyahu_addresses_the_118th_United_States_Congress_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Benjamin_Netanyahu_addresses_the_118th_United_States_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_addresses_the_118th_United_States_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Benjamin_Netanyahu_addresses_the_118th_United_States_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_addresses_the_118th_United_States_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Benjamin_Netanyahu_addresses_the_118th_United_States_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_addresses_the_118th_United_States_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption>Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> addresses a <a href="/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Joint session of the United States Congress">joint session of Congress</a> in Washington, D.C., 24 July 2024.</figcaption></figure> In 2024, the Biden administration opposed an <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine">arrest warrant</a> for Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> over alleged <a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes" title="Israeli war crimes">Israeli war crimes</a> committed during the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>.<a href="#cite_note-403">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[381]</a> President Biden denounced Netanyahu's arrest warrant as "outrageous."<a href="#cite_note-405">[382]</a> Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> said the Biden administration would work with the US Congress on potential <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions" title="United States sanctions">sanctions</a> against the ICC.<a href="#cite_note-406">[383]</a> Prior to the issuing of the ICC's arrest warrant for Netanyahu, a group of US Republican senators sent a letter to ICC prosecutor <a href="/wiki/Karim_Ahmad_Khan" title="Karim Ahmad Khan">Karim Ahmad Khan</a> that contained the warning "Target Israel and we will target you. If you move forward ... we will move to end all American support for the ICC, sanction your employees and associates, and bar you and your families from the United States. You have been warned."<a href="#cite_note-407">[384]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">The House</a> passed a bill to sanction ICC officials on June 4, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-408">[385]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="U.S._criticisms">U.S. criticisms</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> argues that there are "insufficient checks and balances on the authority of the ICC prosecutor and judges" and "insufficient protection against politicized prosecutions or other abuses".<a href="#cite_note-US_DoS_faq-86">[86]</a> The current law in the United States on the ICC is the <a href="/wiki/American_Service-Members%27_Protection_Act" title="American Service-Members' Protection Act">American Service-Members' Protection Act</a> (ASPA), 116 Stat. 820. The ASPA authorizes the President of the United States to use "all means necessary and appropriate to bring about the release of any U.S. or allied personnel being detained or imprisoned by, on behalf of, or at the request of the International Criminal Court". This authorization has led the act to be nicknamed the "Hague Invasion Act",<a href="#cite_note-409">[386]</a><a href="#cite_note-410">[387]</a> because the freeing of U.S. citizens by force might be possible only through military action. On 10 September 2018, <a href="/wiki/John_R._Bolton" class="mw-redirect" title="John R. Bolton">John R. Bolton</a>, in his first major address as U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a>, reiterated that the ICC lacks checks and balances, exercises "jurisdiction over crimes that have disputed and ambiguous definitions", and has failed to "deter and punish atrocity crimes". The ICC, Bolton said, was "superfluous", given that "domestic judicial systems already hold American citizens to the highest legal and ethical standards". He added that the U.S. would do everything "to protect our citizens" should the ICC attempt to prosecute U.S. servicemen over alleged <a href="/wiki/Bagram_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Bagram torture and prisoner abuse">detainee abuse in Afghanistan</a>. In that event, ICC judges and prosecutors would be barred from entering the U.S., their funds in the U.S. would be <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_(law)" title="Sanctions (law)">sanctioned</a> and the U.S. "will prosecute them in the U.S. criminal system. We will do the same for any company or state that assists an ICC investigation of Americans", Bolton said. He also criticized <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian government">Palestinian</a> efforts to bring <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> before the ICC over allegations of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> abuses in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-411">[388]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OPCD">OPCD</h3></div> Concerning the independent Office of Public Counsel for the Defence (OPCD), Thomas Lubanga's defence team say they were given a smaller budget than the Prosecutor and that evidence and witness statements were slow to arrive.<a href="#cite_note-cfr-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impartiality">Impartiality</h3></div> The International Criminal Court is often "critiqued for being selective, or imperialistic, or reflecting the geopolitical interests of powerful states," says Sarah Knuckey, a Columbia law professor. While many Western countries supported the arrest warrant for Russian President Putin, how they respond to the warrant against Israel's Netanyahu will be "a test of the genuineness of their commitment to international justice for all", she continued.<a href="#cite_note-412">[389]</a> Human Rights Watch (HRW) reported that the ICC's prosecutor team takes no account of the roles played by the government in the conflict of Uganda, Rwanda or Congo. This led to a flawed investigation, because the ICC did not reach the conclusion of its verdict after considering the governments' position and actions in the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-413">[390]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unintentional_consequences">Unintentional consequences</h3></div> Research indicates that prosecutions of leaders who are culpable of international crimes in the ICC makes them less likely to peacefully step down, which can prolong conflicts and incentivize them to make continued use of mass violence.<a href="#cite_note-414">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-415">[392]</a> It is also argued that there is little evidence that international criminal prosecution practically fosters peace: "the ICC has been used as a means of intervention in ongoing conflicts with the expectation that the indictments, arrests, and trials of elite perpetrators have deterrence and preventive effects for atrocity crimes. Despite these legitimate intentions and great expectations, there is little evidence of the efficacy of justice as a means to peace".<a href="#cite_note-416">[393]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_cooperation">State cooperation</h3></div> That the ICC cannot mount successful cases without state cooperation is problematic for several reasons. It means that the ICC acts inconsistently in its selection of cases, is prevented from taking on hard cases and loses legitimacy.<a href="#cite_note-:0-417">[394]</a> It also gives the ICC less deterrent value, as potential perpetrators of war crimes know that they can avoid ICC judgment by taking over government and refusing to cooperate.<a href="#cite_note-:0-417">[394]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principle_of_complementarity">Principle of complementarity</h3></div> The Rome Statute's principle of complementarity (that the Court will only prosecute if states are unwilling or unable to) is often taken for granted in the legal analysis of international criminal law and its jurisprudence. Initially the thorny issue of the actual application of the complementarity principle arose in 2008, when <a href="/wiki/William_Schabas" title="William Schabas">William Schabas</a> published his influential paper.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-418">[395]</a> No substantive research was made by other scholars on this issue for quite some time. In June 2017, Victor Tsilonis advanced the same criticism which is reinforced by events, practices of the Office of the Prosecutor and ICC cases in the Essays in Honour of <a href="/wiki/Nestor_Courakis" title="Nestor Courakis">Nestor Courakis</a>. His paper essentially argues that the Αl‐Senussi case arguably is the first instance of the complementarity principle's actual implementation eleven whole years after the ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.<a href="#cite_note-419">[396]</a> On the other hand, in 2017, Chief Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda invoked the principle of complementarity in the situation between Russia and Georgia in the <a href="/wiki/Ossetia" title="Ossetia">Ossetia</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-420">[397]</a> Moreover, following the threats of certain African states (initially Burundi, Gambia and South Africa) to withdraw their ratifications, Bensouda again referred to the principle of complementarity as a core principle of ICC's jurisdiction and has more extensively focused on the principle's application on the latest Office of The Prosecutor's Report on Preliminary Examination Activities 2016.<a href="#cite_note-421">[398]</a> Some advocates have suggested that the ICC go "beyond complementarity" and systematically support national capacity for prosecutions.<a href="#cite_note-422">[399]</a> They argue that national prosecutions, where possible, are more cost-effective, preferable to victims and more sustainable. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jurisdiction_over_corporations">Jurisdiction over corporations</h3></div> There is a debate on whether the ICC should have jurisdiction over <a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">corporations</a> that violate international law.<a href="#cite_note-423">[400]</a> Supporters argue that corporations can and do commit human rights violations,<a href="#cite_note-carrillo-santarelli-424">[401]</a> such as war crimes linked to raw materials in conflict zones.<a href="#cite_note-425">[402]</a> Critics argue that prosecuting corporations would compromise the principle of complementarity,<a href="#cite_note-426">[403]</a> that it would give corporations excessive power under international law, or that it would compromise voluntary initiatives by companies.<a href="#cite_note-carrillo-santarelli-424">[401]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Ruggie" title="John Ruggie">John Ruggie</a> has argued that jurisdiction of corporations under international law should be limited to international crimes, while Nicolás Carrillo-Santarelli of <a href="/wiki/University_of_La_Sabana" title="University of La Sabana">La Sabana University</a> argues that it should cover all human rights violations.<a href="#cite_note-427">[404]</a> Despite its lack of jurisdiction, the ICC announced in 2016 that it would prioritize criminal cases linked to land grabbing, illegal resource extraction, or <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">environmental degradation</a> caused by corporate activity.<a href="#cite_note-428">[405]</a> The proposed crime of <a href="/wiki/Ecocide" title="Ecocide">ecocide</a> would have jurisdiction over corporations as well as governments.<a href="#cite_note-time-429">[406]</a> Supporters of criminalizing ecocide argue that it would shift the ICC's priorities away from Africa, since most <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">environmental degradation</a> is caused by states and corporations in the Global North.<a href="#cite_note-time-429">[406]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The article does not say "most environmental degradation is caused by states and corporations in the Global North," it says "powerful white men...are often disproportionately represented in extractive industries," and this text includes a bewildering hyperlink (as a source, in the typical manner of online news media) to statistics about the overall racial makeup of laborers in various U.S. industries. (November 2024)">failed verification</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:International_Criminal_Court#Ecocide_would_shift_priorities_toward_the_Global_North?" title="Talk:International Criminal Court">see discussion</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_the_Privileges_and_Immunities_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court">Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Service-Members%27_Protection_Act" title="American Service-Members' Protection Act">American Service-Members' Protection Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crimes against humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Tools" title="Legal Tools">Legal Tools</a> (database on International Criminal Law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_indicted_in_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="List of people indicted in the International Criminal Court">List of people indicted in the International Criminal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">War crimes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-aiiclanguages-1"><a href="#cite_ref-aiiclanguages_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130303010710/http://aiic.net/page/1660">"The International Criminal Court: An Introduction"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aiic.net/page/1660">the original</a> on 3 March 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2012. <q>The official languages of the ICC are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish and the working languages are currently English and French.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+International+Criminal+Court%3A+An+Introduction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faiic.net%2Fpage%2F1660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> The International Criminal Court is sometimes abbreviated as ICCt to distinguish it from several other organisations abbreviated as ICC.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The more common abbreviation ICC is used here. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/International-Criminal-Court">"International Criminal Court | Definition, History, Purpose, & Facts"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 16 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=International+Criminal+Court+%7C+Definition%2C+History%2C+Purpose%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FInternational-Criminal-Court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDancy2021" class="citation journal cs1">Dancy, Geoffrey Thomas (14 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0922156521000194">"The hidden impacts of the ICC: An innovative assessment using Google data"</a>. 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Cornell International Law Journal. 32 (3 Symposium 1999): 444.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cornell+International+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Negotiating+the+Treaty+of+Rome+on+the+Establishment+of+an+International+Criminal+Court&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3+Symposium+1999&rft.pages=444&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Bassiouni&rft.aufirst=M.+Cherif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.cornell.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1449%26context%3Dcilj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScharf1998" class="citation web cs1">Scharf, Michael P. (August 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515183257/http://www.asil.org/insights/insigh23.htm">"Results of the Rome Conference for an International Criminal Court"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_International_Law" title="American Society of International Law">American Society of International Law</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asil.org/insights/insigh23.htm">the original</a> on 15 May 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Results+of+the+Rome+Conference+for+an+International+Criminal+Court&rft.pub=American+Society+of+International+Law&rft.date=1998-08&rft.aulast=Scharf&rft.aufirst=Michael+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asil.org%2Finsights%2Finsigh23.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/press/en/1998/19980720.l2889.html">"UN DIPLOMATIC CONFERENCE CONCLUDES IN ROME WITH DECISION TO ESTABLISH PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT"</a> (Press release). United Nations Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. 20 July 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180630024926/https://www.un.org/press/en/1998/19980720.l2889.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2018. <q>Israel has reluctantly cast a negative vote. It fails to comprehend why it has been considered necessary to insert into the list of the most heinous and grievous war crimes the action of transferring population into occupied territory. The exigencies of lack of time and intense political and public pressure have obliged the Conference to by-pass very basic sovereign prerogatives to which we are entitled in drafting international conventions, in favour of finishing the work and achieving a Statute on a come-what-may basis. We continue to hope that the Court will indeed serve the lofty objectives for the attainment of which it is being established.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+DIPLOMATIC+CONFERENCE+CONCLUDES+IN+ROME+WITH+DECISION+TO+ESTABLISH+PERMANENT+INTERNATIONAL+CRIMINAL+COURT&rft.pub=United+Nations+Meetings+Coverage+and+Press+Releases&rft.date=1998-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fpress%2Fen%2F1998%2F19980720.l2889.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ares54105-25"><a href="#cite_ref-ares54105_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004084801/https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N00/250/92/IMG/N0025092.pdf?OpenElement">"A/RES/54/105"</a> (PDF). UN General Assembly. 25 January 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N00/250/92/IMG/N0025092.pdf?OpenElement">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%2FRES%2F54%2F105&rft.date=2000-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocuments-dds-ny.un.org%2Fdoc%2FUNDOC%2FGEN%2FN00%2F250%2F92%2FIMG%2FN0025092.pdf%3FOpenElement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ares55155-26"><a href="#cite_ref-ares55155_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230202191819/https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N00/568/69/PDF/N0056869.pdf?OpenElement">"A/RES/55/155"</a> (PDF). UN General Assembly. 19 January 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N00/568/69/PDF/N0056869.pdf?OpenElement">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%2FRES%2F55%2F155&rft.date=2001-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocuments-dds-ny.un.org%2Fdoc%2FUNDOC%2FGEN%2FN00%2F568%2F69%2FPDF%2FN0056869.pdf%3FOpenElement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ai2002-27"><a href="#cite_ref-ai2002_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141224183911/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/IOR40/008/2002">"The International Criminal Court – A Historic Development in the Fight for Justice"</a>. Amnesty International. 11 April 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/IOR40/008/2002">the original</a> on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+International+Criminal+Court+%E2%80%93+A+Historic+Development+in+the+Fight+for+Justice&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2002-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Finfo%2FIOR40%2F008%2F2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassese2002" class="citation book cs1">Cassese, Antonio, ed. (2002). The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: a commentary. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829862-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829862-5"><bdi>978-0-19-829862-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rome+Statute+of+the+International+Criminal+Court%3A+a+commentary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-829862-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoalition_for_the_International_Criminal_Court.2005" class="citation web cs1">Coalition for the International Criminal Court. (13 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120824123631/http://www2.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/Press+and+Media/Press+Releases/2005/Warrant+of+Arrest+unsealed+against+five+LRA+Commanders.htm">"Judges and the Presidency"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/Press+and+Media/Press+Releases/2005/Warrant+of+Arrest+unsealed+against+five+LRA+Commanders.htm">the original</a> on 24 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Judges+and+the+Presidency&rft.date=2005-10-13&rft.au=Coalition+for+the+International+Criminal+Court.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.icc-cpi.int%2FMenus%2FICC%2FPress%2Band%2BMedia%2FPress%2BReleases%2F2005%2FWarrant%2Bof%2BArrest%2Bunsealed%2Bagainst%2Bfive%2BLRA%2BCommanders.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LRA_warrants-30"><a href="#cite_ref-LRA_warrants_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006171449/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situation%20icc%200204/related%20cases/icc%200204%200105/press%20releases/Pages/warrant%20of%20arrest%20unsealed%20against%20five%20lra%20commanders.aspx">"Warrant of Arrest Unsealed Against Five LRA Commanders"</a>. 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Journal of International Criminal Justice. 3 (3): 608–620. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjicj%2Fmqi056">10.1093/jicj/mqi056</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1478-1387">1478-1387</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=915740">915740</a>. 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The ICC may be about to find out"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012230743/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/09/16/is-environmental-destruction-a-crime-against-humanity-the-icc-may-be-about-to-find-out/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Is+environmental+destruction+a+crime+against+humanity%3F+The+ICC+may+be+about+to+find+out.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2016%2F09%2F16%2Fis-environmental-destruction-a-crime-against-humanity-the-icc-may-be-about-to-find-out%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/ceos-hague-international-law-tried-environmental-crimes-icc-a7315866.html">"CEOs can now be tried in The Hague like war criminals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. 19 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012232913/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/ceos-hague-international-law-tried-environmental-crimes-icc-a7315866.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=CEOs+can+now+be+tried+in+The+Hague+like+war+criminals&rft.date=2016-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Fceos-hague-international-law-tried-environmental-crimes-icc-a7315866.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-registry-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-registry_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-registry_105-1">b</a> International Criminal Court. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110616151431/http://www.icc-cpi.int/Menus/Go?id=6a4167ac-ca17-403d-928b-b2c36bb85ab4&lan=en-GB.html">The Registry</a>. Retrieved 21 July 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-osvaldo-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-osvaldo_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osvaldo_106-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607074608/https://www.icc-cpi.int/about/registry/who-s-who/osvaldo-zavala-giler">"Osvaldo Zavala Giler"</a>. International Criminal Court. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/about/registry/who-s-who/osvaldo-zavala-giler">the original</a> on 7 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Osvaldo+Zavala+Giler&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Court&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fabout%2Fregistry%2Fwho-s-who%2Fosvaldo-zavala-giler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150929112604/https://unis.unvienna.org/unis/en/pressrels/2003/bio3506.html">"BRUNO CATHALA OF FRANCE ELECTED REGISTRAR OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT"</a>. United Nations Information Service Vienna. 26 June 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unis.unvienna.org/unis/en/pressrels/2003/bio3506.html">the original</a> on 29 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BRUNO+CATHALA+OF+FRANCE+ELECTED+REGISTRAR+OF+INTERNATIONAL+CRIMINAL+COURT&rft.pub=United+Nations+Information+Service+Vienna&rft.date=2003-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funis.unvienna.org%2Funis%2Fen%2Fpressrels%2F2003%2Fbio3506.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090709063144/http://www.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/Structure+of+the+Court/Registry/The+Registrar/The+Registrar.htm">"The Registrar"</a>. International Criminal Court. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/Structure+of+the+Court/Registry/The+Registrar/The+Registrar.htm">the original</a> on 9 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Registrar&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Court&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2FMenus%2FICC%2FStructure%2Bof%2Bthe%2BCourt%2FRegistry%2FThe%2BRegistrar%2FThe%2BRegistrar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/structure%20of%20the%20court/registry/the%20registrar/Pages/the%20registrar.aspx">"The registrar"</a>. International Criminal Court. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131101182755/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/structure%20of%20the%20court/registry/the%20registrar/Pages/the%20registrar.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+registrar&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Court&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fen_menus%2Ficc%2Fstructure%2520of%2520the%2520court%2Fregistry%2Fthe%2520registrar%2FPages%2Fthe%2520registrar.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name=pr1374">"Peter Lewis elected as ICC Registrar"</a>. icc-cpi.int. Retrieved 20 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icc-cpi.int&rft.atitle=Peter+Lewis+elected+as+ICC+Registrar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2FPages%2Fitem.aspx%3Fname%3Dpr1374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeLee2001" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Roy S.; Lee, Roy Stuart, eds. (2001). The International Criminal Court: elements of crimes and rules of procedure and evidence. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57105-209-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57105-209-4"><bdi>978-1-57105-209-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Criminal+Court%3A+elements+of+crimes+and+rules+of+procedure+and+evidence&rft.place=Ardsley%2C+NY&rft.pub=Transnational+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57105-209-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elements_of_Crimes-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Elements_of_Crimes_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elements_of_Crimes_112-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elements_of_Crimes_112-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elements_of_Crimes_112-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elements_of_Crimes_112-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elements_of_Crimes_112-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/nr/rdonlyres/336923d8-a6ad-40ec-ad7b-45bf9de73d56/0/elementsofcrimeseng.pdf">"Elements of Crimes"</a> (PDF). ICC. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140923132736/http://www.icc-cpi.int/nr/rdonlyres/336923d8-a6ad-40ec-ad7b-45bf9de73d56/0/elementsofcrimeseng.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elements+of+Crimes&rft.pub=ICC&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fnr%2Frdonlyres%2F336923d8-a6ad-40ec-ad7b-45bf9de73d56%2F0%2Felementsofcrimeseng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2018_04203.PDF">"See especially paras 52–61 for discussion of the crimes of deportation and forcible transfer"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=See+especially+paras+52%E2%80%9361+for+discussion+of+the+crimes+of+deportation+and+forcible+transfer.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2FCourtRecords%2FCR2018_04203.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XVIII-10-b&chapter=18&clang=_en#1">"United Nations Treaty Collection"</a>. United Nations. Retrieved 20 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DXVIII-10-b%26chapter%3D18%26clang%3D_en%231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-asp.icc-cpi.int-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asp.icc-cpi.int_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-asp.icc-cpi.int_115-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asp.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/crime%20of%20aggression/Pages/default.aspx">"Crime of Aggression – Amendments Ratification"</a>. asp.icc-cpi.int. Retrieved 20 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=asp.icc-cpi.int&rft.atitle=Crime+of+Aggression+%E2%80%93+Amendments+Ratification&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasp.icc-cpi.int%2Fen_menus%2Fasp%2Fcrime%2520of%2520aggression%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroomhall2004" class="citation book cs1">Broomhall, Bruce (2004). International justice and the International Criminal Court: between sovereignty and the rule of law. Oxford monographs in international law (Publ. new in paperback ed.). Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927424-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927424-6"><bdi>978-0-19-927424-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+justice+and+the+International+Criminal+Court%3A+between+sovereignty+and+the+rule+of+law&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Oxford+monographs+in+international+law&rft.edition=Publ.+new+in+paperback&rft.pub=Oxford+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-927424-6&rft.aulast=Broomhall&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKöchler2003" class="citation book cs1">Köchler, Hans (2003). Global justice or global revenge? international criminal justice at the crossroads ; philosophical reflections on the principles of the international legal order published on the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary of the foundation of the International Progress Organization. Springer Science. International Progress Organization. Wien: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-211-00795-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-211-00795-2"><bdi>978-3-211-00795-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+justice+or+global+revenge%3F+international+criminal+justice+at+the+crossroads+%3B+philosophical+reflections+on+the+principles+of+the+international+legal+order+published+on+the+occasion+of+the+thirtieth+anniversary+of+the+foundation+of+the+International+Progress+Organization&rft.place=Wien&rft.series=Springer+Science&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-211-00795-2&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6chler&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsilonis" class="citation web cs1">Tsilonis, Victor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crime-in-crisis.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/62-VIICTOR-KOURAKIS-FS_Final_Draft_26.4.17.pdf">"The awakening hypothesis of the complementarity principle"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812060647/http://crime-in-crisis.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/62-VIICTOR-KOURAKIS-FS_Final_Draft_26.4.17.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+awakening+hypothesis+of+the+complementarity+principle&rft.aulast=Tsilonis&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcrime-in-crisis.com%2Fen%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F06%2F62-VIICTOR-KOURAKIS-FS_Final_Draft_26.4.17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchabas2011302-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchabas2011302_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchabas2011">Schabas 2011</a>, p. 302. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalvo-GollerCalvo-Goller2006" class="citation book cs1">Calvo-Goller, Notburga K.; Calvo-Goller, Karin N. (2006). The trial proceedings of the international criminal court: ICTY and ICTR precedents. Leiden: Nijhoff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-14931-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-14931-1"><bdi>978-90-04-14931-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+trial+proceedings+of+the+international+criminal+court%3A+ICTY+and+ICTR+precedents&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Nijhoff&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-04-14931-1&rft.aulast=Calvo-Goller&rft.aufirst=Notburga+K.&rft.au=Calvo-Goller%2C+Karin+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchabas2011322-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchabas2011322_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchabas2011">Schabas 2011</a>, p. 322. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchabas2011303–304-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchabas2011303–304_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchabas2011">Schabas 2011</a>, pp. 303–304. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchabas2011304-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchabas2011304_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchabas2011">Schabas 2011</a>, p. 304. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchabas2011312-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchabas2011312_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchabas2011">Schabas 2011</a>, p. 312. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchabas2011316-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchabas2011316_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchabas2011">Schabas 2011</a>, p. 316. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> The rights of persons during an investigation are provided in Article 55. Rights of the accused are provided in Part 6, especially Article 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmnesty_International2000" class="citation web cs1">Amnesty International (1 August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707054210/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/IOR40/009/2000">"The International Criminal Court: Fact sheet 9 – Fair trial guarantees"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/IOR40/009/2000">the original</a> on 7 July 2014. 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Retrieved 30 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vienna+Convention+on+the+Law+of+Treaties&rft.atitle=Article+34&rft.date=1969&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegal.un.org%2Filc%2Ftexts%2Finstruments%2Fenglish%2Fconventions%2F1_1_1969.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-zhu-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zhu_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-zhu_140-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-zhu_140-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhu2006" class="citation journal cs1">Zhu, Wenqi (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/review-861-p87/$File/irrc_861_Wenqi.pdf">"On Co-Operation by States Not Party to the International Criminal Court"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/International_Review_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Review of the Red Cross">International Review of the Red Cross</a> (861). <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a>: 87–110. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081122050413/http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/review-861-p87/$File/irrc_861_Wenqi.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 22 November 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Review+of+the+Red+Cross&rft.atitle=On+Co-Operation+by+States+Not+Party+to+the+International+Criminal+Court&rft.issue=861&rft.pages=87-110&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Wenqi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icrc.org%2FWeb%2Feng%2Fsiteeng0.nsf%2Fhtmlall%2Freview-861-p87%2F%24File%2Firrc_861_Wenqi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter">"UN Charter"</a>. 26 June 1945.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+Charter&rft.date=1945-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fun-charter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> Article 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210124556/http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/7c4d08d9b287a42141256739003e636b/f6c8b9fee14a77fdc125641e0052b079">"Additional Protocol I"</a>. 8 June 1977. 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Retrieved 18 September 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_Cocks2007" class="citation news cs1">Tim Cocks (30 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080221135043/http://africa.reuters.com/top/news/usnBAN056745.html">"Uganda Urges Traditional Justice for Rebel Crimes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://africa.reuters.com/top/news/usnBAN056745.html">the original</a> on 21 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Uganda+Urges+Traditional+Justice+for+Rebel+Crimes&rft.date=2007-05-30&rft.au=Tim+Cocks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafrica.reuters.com%2Ftop%2Fnews%2FusnBAN056745.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlasdair_Palmer2007" class="citation news cs1">Alasdair Palmer (14 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080219151919/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fopinion%2F2007%2F01%2F14%2Fdo1409.xml">"When Victims Want Peace, Not Justice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph" title="The Sunday Telegraph">The Sunday Telegraph</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2007/01/14/do1409.xml">the original</a> on 19 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Telegraph&rft.atitle=When+Victims+Want+Peace%2C+Not+Justice&rft.date=2007-01-14&rft.au=Alasdair+Palmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fopinion%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fopinion%2F2007%2F01%2F14%2Fdo1409.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlena_Skodova2002" class="citation news cs1">Alena Skodova (12 April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080220071329/http://www.radio.cz/en/article/26826">"Czech Parliament Against Ratifying International Criminal Court"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Prague" title="Radio Prague">Radio Prague</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio.cz/en/article/26826">the original</a> on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Czech+Parliament+Against+Ratifying+International+Criminal+Court&rft.date=2002-04-12&rft.au=Alena+Skodova&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radio.cz%2Fen%2Farticle%2F26826&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> See, for example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKofi_Annan2000" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a> (4 October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060525023709/http://www.afrol.com/Countries/Sierra_Leone/documents/un_sil_court_041000.htm">"Report of the Secretary-General on the Establishment of a Special Court for Sierra Leone"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afrol.com/Countries/Sierra_Leone/documents/un_sil_court_041000.htm">the original</a> on 25 May 2006. Retrieved 31 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Secretary-General+on+the+Establishment+of+a+Special+Court+for+Sierra+Leone&rft.date=2000-10-04&rft.au=Kofi+Annan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afrol.com%2FCountries%2FSierra_Leone%2Fdocuments%2Fun_sil_court_041000.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> Paragraph 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean-Marie_HenckaertsLouise_Doswald-Beck2005" class="citation book cs1">Jean-Marie Henckaerts; Louise Doswald-Beck (2005). Customary International Humanitarian Law, Volume I: Rules. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 613–614. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80899-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80899-6"><bdi>978-0-521-80899-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Customary+International+Humanitarian+Law%2C+Volume+I%3A+Rules&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=613-614&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-80899-6&rft.au=Jean-Marie+Henckaerts&rft.au=Louise+Doswald-Beck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> The legal relationship between the ICC and the Netherlands is governed by a headquarters agreement, which entered into force on 1 March 2008. (See International Criminal Court, 2008: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625052351/http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/about/officialjournal/ICC-BD-04-01-08-ENG.pdf">Headquarter Agreement between the International Criminal Court and the Host State</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> PDF (2.23 MB). Retrieved 1 June 2008.) </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223134554/http://www.icc-permanentpremises.org/">"ICC Permanent Premises"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-permanentpremises.org/">the original</a> on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICC+Permanent+Premises&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-permanentpremises.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085321/http://www.denhaag.nl/en/residents/to/International-Zone-1.htm">"The Hague – International Zone"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denhaag.nl/en/residents/to/International-Zone-1.htm">the original</a> on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Hague+%E2%80%93+International+Zone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denhaag.nl%2Fen%2Fresidents%2Fto%2FInternational-Zone-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Permanent-153"><a href="#cite_ref-Permanent_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120802005354/http://www.icc-cpi.int/nr/exeres/c0bf504b-5ca8-4b1a-bb69-15c62a15ef8f.htm">"ICC – Permanent Premises"</a>. International Criminal Court. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/nr/exeres/c0bf504b-5ca8-4b1a-bb69-15c62a15ef8f.htm">the original</a> on 2 August 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICC+%E2%80%93+Permanent+Premises&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Court&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fnr%2Fexeres%2Fc0bf504b-5ca8-4b1a-bb69-15c62a15ef8f.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name=pr502&ln=en">"ICC has signed contract with Danish architect Schmidt Hammer Lassen for the development of permanent premises"</a>. Icc-cpi.int. Retrieved 16 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Icc-cpi.int&rft.atitle=ICC+has+signed+contract+with+Danish+architect+Schmidt+Hammer+Lassen+for+the+development+of+permanent+premises&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2FPages%2Fitem.aspx%3Fname%3Dpr502%26ln%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/about%20the%20court/permanent%20premises/thebuilding/Pages/timeline.aspx">"ICC – Timeline"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160316012117/https://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/about%20the%20court/permanent%20premises/thebuilding/Pages/timeline.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICC+%E2%80%93+Timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fen_menus%2Ficc%2Fabout%2520the%2520court%2Fpermanent%2520premises%2Fthebuilding%2FPages%2Ftimeline.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/about%20the%20court/permanent%20premises/Pages/permanent%20premises.aspx">"ICC Permanent Premises"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150123090516/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/about%20the%20court/permanent%20premises/Pages/permanent%20premises.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICC+Permanent+Premises&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fen_menus%2Ficc%2Fabout%2520the%2520court%2Fpermanent%2520premises%2FPages%2Fpermanent%2520premises.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/075EA925-13F6-4C02-8FC7-2FB0C528EDB9/0/IccBuilding0110EngWeb.pdf">"Permanent Premises of the ICC"</a> (PDF). International Criminal Court. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306013956/https://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/075EA925-13F6-4C02-8FC7-2FB0C528EDB9/0/IccBuilding0110EngWeb.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Permanent+Premises+of+the+ICC&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Court&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F075EA925-13F6-4C02-8FC7-2FB0C528EDB9%2F0%2FIccBuilding0110EngWeb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaken2016" class="citation web cs1">Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse (28 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.permanentrepresentations.nl/permanent-representations/pr-un-new-york">"PR UN, New York – Permanent Representations – The Netherlands at International Organisations"</a>. Permanentrepresentations.nl. Retrieved 16 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Permanentrepresentations.nl&rft.atitle=PR+UN%2C+New+York+%E2%80%93+Permanent+Representations+%E2%80%93+The+Netherlands+at+International+Organisations&rft.date=2016-09-28&rft.aulast=Zaken&rft.aufirst=Ministerie+van+Buitenlandse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.permanentrepresentations.nl%2Fpermanent-representations%2Fpr-un-new-york&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scheveningen-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scheveningen_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scheveningen_159-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasson2006" class="citation news cs1">Thomasson, Emma (28 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928030946/http://www.publicinternationallaw.org/warcrimeswatch/archives/wcpw_vol01issue02.html#u2">"ICC says cells ready for Uganda war crimes suspects"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicinternationallaw.org/warcrimeswatch/archives/wcpw_vol01issue02.html#u2">the original</a> on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2007 – via publicinternationallaw.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ICC+says+cells+ready+for+Uganda+war+crimes+suspects&rft.date=2006-02-28&rft.aulast=Thomasson&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicinternationallaw.org%2Fwarcrimeswatch%2Farchives%2Fwcpw_vol01issue02.html%23u2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110616075625/http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/library/asp/ICC-ASP-4-22_English.pdf">"Report on the future permanent premises of the International Criminal Court: Project Presentation"</a> (PDF). International Criminal Court. 18 October 2005. p. 23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/library/asp/ICC-ASP-4-22_English.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+on+the+future+permanent+premises+of+the+International+Criminal+Court%3A+Project+Presentation&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Court&rft.date=2005-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Ficcdocs%2Fasp_docs%2Flibrary%2Fasp%2FICC-ASP-4-22_English.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NY-161"><a href="#cite_ref-NY_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Criminal_Court2007" class="citation web cs1">International Criminal Court (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071010033027/http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/about/newsletter/12/en_06.html">"Socorro Flores Liera Head of the Liaison Office to the UN"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/about/newsletter/12/en_06.html">the original</a> on 10 October 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Socorro+Flores+Liera+Head+of+the+Liaison+Office+to+the+UN&rft.date=2007-01&rft.au=International+Criminal+Court&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Flibrary%2Fabout%2Fnewsletter%2F12%2Fen_06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-field-offices-162">^ <a href="#cite_ref-field-offices_162-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-field-offices_162-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Criminal_Court2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">International Criminal Court (18 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071029044248/http://www.icc-cpi.int/press/pressreleases/288.html">"Le Greffier inaugure le Bureau extérieur de la Cour pénale internationale à Bangui"</a> [The Registrar Inaugurates the ICC Field Office in Bangui] (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/press/pressreleases/288.html">the original</a> on 29 October 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+Greffier+inaugure+le+Bureau+ext%C3%A9rieur+de+la+Cour+p%C3%A9nale+internationale+%C3%A0+Bangui&rft.date=2007-10-18&rft.au=International+Criminal+Court&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fpress%2Fpressreleases%2F288.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asp.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/ASP20/ICC-ASP-20-12-ENG.pdf">"Financial statements of the International Criminal Court for the year ended 31 December 2020"</a> (PDF). 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ICC. 16 December 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Prosecutor+of+the+International+Criminal+Court%2C+Karim+A.A.+Khan+KC%2C+announces+conclusion+of+the+investigation+phase+in+the+Situation+in+Georgia&rft.pub=ICC&rft.date=2022-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fnews%2Fprosecutor-international-criminal-court-karim-aa-khan-kc-announces-conclusion-investigation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/NR/rdonlyres/9B651B80-EC43-4945-BF5A-FAFF5F334B92/284387/SituationinPalestine030412ENG.pdf">"Update on Situation in Palestine"</a> (PDF). ICC. 3 April 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Update+on+Situation+in+Palestine&rft.pub=ICC&rft.date=2012-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F9B651B80-EC43-4945-BF5A-FAFF5F334B92%2F284387%2FSituationinPalestine030412ENG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussein_Adem2019" class="citation book cs1">Hussein Adem, Seada (2019). Palestine and the International Criminal Court. International criminal justice series. The Hague: Asser Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-6265-290-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-6265-290-3"><bdi>978-94-6265-290-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+and+the+International+Criminal+Court&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.series=International+criminal+justice+series&rft.pub=Asser+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-94-6265-290-3&rft.aulast=Hussein+Adem&rft.aufirst=Seada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/situations/guinea">"Preliminary examination: Guinea"</a>. ICC. 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ICC. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+on+Preliminary+Examination+Activities+%282020%29&rft.pub=ICC&rft.date=2020-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FitemsDocuments%2F2020-PE%2F2020-pe-report-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-prosecutor-international-criminal-court-fatou-bensouda-conclusion-preliminary">"Statement of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Fatou Bensouda, on the conclusion of the preliminary examination of the situation in the Republic of Korea"</a>. ICC. 23 June 2014. 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Retrieved 17 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICC+Prosecutor%2C+Mr+Karim+A.A.+Khan+QC%2C+opens+an+investigation+into+the+Situation+in+Venezuela+and+concludes+Memorandum+of+Understanding+with+the+Government&rft.pub=ICC&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fnews%2Ficc-prosecutor-mr-karim-aa-khan-qc-opens-investigation-situation-venezuela-and-concludes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-icc-prosecutor-fatou-bensouda-opening-preliminary-examination-concerning-alleged">"Statement of ICC Prosecutor, Fatou Bensouda, on opening a Preliminary Examination concerning the alleged deportation of the Rohingya people from Myanmar to Bangladesh"</a>. ICC. 18 September 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+of+ICC+Prosecutor%2C+Fatou+Bensouda%2C+on+opening+a+Preliminary+Examination+concerning+the+alleged+deportation+of+the+Rohingya+people+from+Myanmar+to+Bangladesh&rft.pub=ICC&rft.date=2018-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fnews%2Fstatement-icc-prosecutor-fatou-bensouda-opening-preliminary-examination-concerning-alleged&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/bangladesh-myanmar">"Investigation: Bangladesh/Myanmar"</a>. ICC. Retrieved 17 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Investigation%3A+Bangladesh%2FMyanmar&rft.pub=ICC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fbangladesh-myanmar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/2022-06/2022-02-14-otp-report-bolivia-eng.pdf">"Situation in the Plurinational State of Bolivia: Final Report"</a> (PDF). ICC. 14 February 2022. 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Khan KC on the Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and renewed investigations"</a>. ICC. 14 October 2024. 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Article 78 (3) of the Rome Statute specifies that "[i]n imposing a sentence of imprisonment, the Court shall deduct the time, if any, previously spent in detention in accordance with an order of the Court. The Court may deduct any time otherwise spent in detention in connection with conduct underlying the crime." The Court's Trial Chamber VI determined in its sentencing decision that the time since 22 March 2013 is to be deducted from the sentence. Thus, Bosco Ntaganda is to be released on or before 22 March 2043. Starting from 22 March 2013, two-thirds of thirty years (twenty years) will elapse on 22 March 2033. </li> <li id="cite_note-Katanga-275"><a href="#cite_ref-Katanga_275-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/CaseInformationSheets/KatangaEng.pdf">ICC case information sheet on the Katanga case</a>. 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Retrieved 13 April 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/uganda/ongwen">ICC case information page on the Ongwen case</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> Article 110 (3) of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/ADD16852-AEE9-4757-ABE7-9CDC7CF02886/283503/RomeStatutEng1.pdf">Rome Statute of the International Court</a> states that "[w]hen the person has served two thirds of the sentence, or 25 years in the case of life imprisonment, the Court shall review the sentence to determine whether it should be reduced. Such a review shall not be conducted before that time." Article 78 (3) of the Rome Statute specifies that "[i]n imposing a sentence of imprisonment, the Court shall deduct the time, if any, previously spent in detention in accordance with an order of the Court. 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Retrieved 4 September 2024. <q>this makes Mongolia complicit in Putin's war crimes</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=Putin+Evades+Arrest+in+Mongolia&rft.date=2024-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Flisten%2Fprograms%2Fradionational-breakfast%2Fputin-evades-arrest-in-mongolia%2F104305828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Criminal+Court" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennetts2024" class="citation news cs1">Bennetts, Marc (3 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.com/world/russia-ukraine-war/article/vladimir-putin-icc-arrest-warrant-mongolia-gsnsdq3nb">"Vladimir Putin defies ICC Arrest Warrant on Mongolia Visit"</a>. The Times. 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Criminal_Court" title="Template:International Criminal Court"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Criminal_Court" title="Template talk:International Criminal Court"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Criminal_Court" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Criminal Court"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Criminal_Court_(ICC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Criminal Court (ICC)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute" title="Rome Statute">Rome Statute</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_Rome_Statute" title="Amendments to the Rome Statute">amendments</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_the_Privileges_and_Immunities_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court">Agreement on Privileges and Immunities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreements_on_the_Enforcement_of_Sentences_with_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Agreements on the Enforcement of Sentences with the International Criminal Court">Agreements on the Enforcement of Sentences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">Charter of the United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UN resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General Assembly</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_3314" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314">3314</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security Council</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1422" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1422">1422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1487" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1487">1487</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1593" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1593">1593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1970" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970">1970</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Service-Members%27_Protection_Act" title="American Service-Members' Protection Act">American Service-Members' Protection Act</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_Against_Humanity_and_War_Crimes_Act" title="Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act">Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_Act_2001" title="International Criminal Court Act 2001">International Criminal Court Act 2001</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Twenty-third Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland">Twenty-third Amendment of the Constitution</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkerstrafgesetzbuch" title="Völkerstrafgesetzbuch">Völkerstrafgesetzbuch</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:International_Criminal_Court_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The seal of the International Criminal Court"><img alt="The seal of the International Criminal Court" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/International_Criminal_Court_logo.svg/100px-International_Criminal_Court_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/International_Criminal_Court_logo.svg/150px-International_Criminal_Court_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/International_Criminal_Court_logo.svg/200px-International_Criminal_Court_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="581" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crimes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Crimes of genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crimes against humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_aggression" title="War of aggression">Crimes of aggression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States_parties_to_the_Rome_Statute" title="States parties to the Rome Statute">List of states parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_and_vice-presidents_of_the_Assembly_of_States_Parties_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="List of presidents and vice-presidents of the Assembly of States Parties of the International Criminal Court">Presidents and vice-presidents of the Assembly of States Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_Conference_of_the_Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Review Conference of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Review Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Court</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Presidency of the International Criminal Court">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judges_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Judges of the International Criminal Court">Judges</a> (elections: <a href="/wiki/2003_International_Criminal_Court_judges_election" title="2003 International Criminal Court judges election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_International_Criminal_Court_judges_election" title="2006 International Criminal Court judges election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_International_Criminal_Court_judges_election" title="2007 International Criminal Court judges election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2009_International_Criminal_Court_judges_election" title="January 2009 International Criminal Court judges election">Jan. 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2009_International_Criminal_Court_judges_election" title="November 2009 International Criminal Court judges election">Nov. 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_International_Criminal_Court_judges_election" title="2011 International Criminal Court judges election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_International_Criminal_Court_judges_election" title="2013 International Criminal Court judges election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_International_Criminal_Court_judges_election" title="2014 International Criminal Court judges election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_International_Criminal_Court_judges_election" title="2015 International Criminal Court judges election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_International_Criminal_Court_judges_election" title="2017 International Criminal Court judges election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Criminal_Court_judges_election" title="2020 International Criminal Court judges election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_International_Criminal_Court_judges_election" title="2023 International Criminal Court judges election">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecutor_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court">Prosecutor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investigations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigations" title="International Criminal Court investigations">Official</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Afghanistan" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Darfur" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur">Darfur, Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Georgia" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Kenya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Libya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Mali" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_the_Philippines" title="International Criminal Court investigation in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Uganda" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Venezuela" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Complaints_to_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Complaints to the International Criminal Court">Complaints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_and_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People_detained_by_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="People detained by the International Criminal Court">Detainees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_indicted_in_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="List of people indicted in the International Criminal Court">Indictees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Tools" title="Legal Tools">Legal Tools Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Non-Governmental_Organizations_Coalition_for_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the International Criminal Court">American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the ICC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Coalition for the International Criminal Court">Coalition for the ICC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="European Union and the International Criminal Court">European Union and the ICC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="United States and the International Criminal Court">United States and the ICC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_International_Justice" title="World Day for International Justice">World Day for International Justice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_criminal_law" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_criminal_law" title="Template:International criminal law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_criminal_law" title="Template talk:International criminal law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_criminal_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International criminal law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_criminal_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_criminal_law" title="International criminal law">International criminal law</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sources_of_international_law" title="Sources of international law">Sources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customary_international_law" title="Customary international law">Customary international law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peremptory_norm" title="Peremptory norm">Peremptory norm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Charter">Nuremberg Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_principles" title="Nuremberg principles">Nuremberg principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">United Nations Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_Against_Torture" title="United Nations Convention Against Torture">Convention Against Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute" title="Rome Statute">Rome Statute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/International_criminal_law" title="International criminal law">Crimes against international law</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crimes against humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_aggression" title="Crime of aggression">Crime of aggression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocidal_intent" title="Genocidal intent">Genocidal intent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incitement_to_genocide" title="Incitement to genocide">Incitement to genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">Slave trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starvation_(crime)" title="Starvation (crime)">Starvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">War crime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/International_court" title="International court">International courts</a> (in order of foundation)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Trials)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for the Far East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_Rwanda" title="International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda">International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Court_for_Sierra_Leone" title="Special Court for Sierra Leone">Special Court for Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Criminal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge_Tribunal" title="Khmer Rouge Tribunal">Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Panels_for_Serious_Crimes_(East_Timor)" title="Special Panels for Serious Crimes (East Timor)">Special Panels of the Dili District Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Tribunal_for_Lebanon" title="Special Tribunal for Lebanon">Special Tribunal for Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Residual_Mechanism_for_Criminal_Tribunals" title="International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals">International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Command_responsibility" title="Command responsibility">Command responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_orders" title="Superior orders">Superior orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_criminal_enterprise" title="Joint criminal enterprise">Joint criminal enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">International humanitarian law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_speech_crimes" title="International speech crimes">International speech crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_jurisdiction" title="Universal jurisdiction">Universal jurisdiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_human_rights_organisations_and_institutions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_human_rights_organizations" title="Template:International human rights organizations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_human_rights_organizations" title="Template talk:International human rights organizations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_human_rights_organizations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International human rights organizations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_human_rights_organisations_and_institutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">International <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_human_rights_organisations" title="List of human rights organisations">organisations</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_human_rights_institution" title="National human rights institution">institutions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.5em;font-weight:normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_group" title="Human rights group">Human rights group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_commission" title="Human rights commission">Human rights commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_human_rights_institution" title="National human rights institution">Human rights institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_commission" title="Truth commission">Truth and reconciliation commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.5em;font-weight:normal;">International institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Committee on the Rights of the Child">Committee on the Rights of the Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilities" title="Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities">Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Criminal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Committee" title="United Nations Human Rights Committee">UN Human Rights Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UN Human Rights Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UN Security Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.5em;font-weight:normal;">Regional bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">African Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Prevention_of_Torture" title="Committee for the Prevention of Torture">European Committee for the Prevention of Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="Inter-American Commission on Human Rights">Inter-American Commission on Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="Inter-American Court of Human Rights">Inter-American Court of Human Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.5em;font-weight:normal;">Multi-lateral bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Democratic_Institutions_and_Human_Rights" title="Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights">Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organisation of American States (OAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization (ILO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization (WHO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" title="United Nations Commission on the Status of Women">Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">UN Population Fund (UNFPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UN Children's Fund (UNICEF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Fund_for_Women" title="United Nations Development Fund for Women">UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">UN Development Programme (UNDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.5em;font-weight:normal;">Major <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Human_Rights" title="International Federation for Human Rights">FIDH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_(organization)" title="Emergency (organization)">Emergency NGO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_First" title="Human Rights First">Human Rights First</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.5em;font-weight:normal;">ICRC – organization with special status based on <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_organizations_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_organizations" title="Template:International organizations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_organizations" title="Template talk:International organizations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_organizations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International organizations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_organizations_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">International organizations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:International_organizations" title="Category:International organizations">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">Intergovernmental organizations</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_intergovernmental_organizations" title="List of intergovernmental organizations">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-cultural <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">IGOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">Bank for International Settlements</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Criminal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Seabed_Authority" title="International Seabed Authority">International Seabed Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Customs_Organization" title="World Customs Organization">World Customs Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Parliamentary_Union" title="Inter-Parliamentary Union">Inter-Parliamentary Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural IGOs (<a href="/wiki/Category:International_cultural_organizations" title="Category:International cultural organizations">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_relations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_relations" title="Template:International relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_relations" title="Template talk:International relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">International relations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_international_relations_terms" title="Glossary of international relations terms">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Criminal Court (ICC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations (UN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_world" title="Political history of the world">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1648%E2%80%931814)" title="International relations (1648–1814)">1648–1814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">1814–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="International relations (1919–1939)">1919–1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomatic history of World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_since_1989" title="International relations since 1989">International relations since 1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance" title="Alliance">Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entente_(alliance)" title="Entente (alliance)">Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition" title="Coalition">Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_alliance" title="Military alliance">Military</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Appeasement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-belligerence" title="Co-belligerence">Co-belligerence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_security" title="Collective security">Collective security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis" title="Crisis">Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">Expansionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey-zone_(international_relations)" title="Grey-zone (international relations)">Grey-zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">Hegemony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_in_international_relations" title="Idealism in international relations">Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_community" title="International community">International community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internationality" title="Internationality">Internationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_institutionalism" title="Liberal institutionalism">Liberal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interventionism_(politics)" title="Interventionism (politics)">Interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">Isolationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_interest" title="National interest">National interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_country" title="Neutral country">Neutral country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-belligerent" title="Non-belligerent">Non-belligerent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-state_actor" title="Non-state actor">Non-state actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(international_relations)" title="Power (international relations)">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_conquest" title="Right of conquest">Right of conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">Suzerainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">Treaty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilateral_treaty" title="Bilateral treaty">Bilateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_friendship" title="Treaty of friendship">Friendship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_treaty" title="Multilateral treaty">Multilateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_pact" title="Non-aggression pact">Non-aggression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">Peace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole-of-society" title="Whole-of-society">Whole-of-society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_relations_theory" title="International relations theory">Theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(international_relations)" title="Constructivism (international relations)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_school_of_international_relations_theory" title="English school of international relations theory">English school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_international_relations" title="Feminism in international relations">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_(international_relations)" title="Liberalism (international relations)">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_international_relations_theory" title="Marxist international relations theory">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_international_relations" title="Postcolonial international relations">Postcolonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(international_relations)" title="Realism (international relations)">Realism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related fields and subfields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_politics" title="Comparative politics">Comparative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_analysis" title="Foreign policy analysis">Foreign policy analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">International law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_political_economy" title="International political economy">International political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_political_sociology" title="International political sociology">International political sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_conflict_studies" title="Peace and conflict studies">Peace and conflict studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_studies" title="Security studies">Security studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000405014882">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/145372028">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/3042935-3">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no99002571">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135270116">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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[\"CITEREFBrouwer2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalvo-GollerCalvo-Goller2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarrillo-Santarelli\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCassandra_Vinograd2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCassese2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChappell2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChiappa2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFChoukrouneKirabira2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClare_ForanHaley_Talbot2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCluskey2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoalition_for_the_International_Criminal_Court\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoalition_for_the_International_Criminal_Court.2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConcannon2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorder2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDancy2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_Gritten2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavies2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDempsey1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeutschSterling2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerencz1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFichtelberg2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFortin2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGalicki2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGissel2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlassborow2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraff2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaidar2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansler2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanson2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenry_A._Kissinger\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHesenov2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHillebrechtStraus2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoehn2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuman_Rights_Watch2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHussain2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHussein_Adem2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIlaria_Bottigliero2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInternational_Criminal_Court\"] = 6,\n [\"CITEREFInternational_Criminal_Court2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInternational_Criminal_Court2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFInternational_Criminal_Court2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJean-Marie_HenckaertsLouise_Doswald-Beck2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJochecová2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_Sutherland2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaberia2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKofi_Annan2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrcmaric2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuo2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKyriakakis2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKyriakakis2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKöchler2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandler2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLau2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeBor2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeeLee2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuban\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLunn2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarquand2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonald2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKelvey2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeijerHarmash2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoffett\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoffett2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoffett2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMolly_Quell2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNalepaPowell2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicholsvan_den_Berg2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOnishi2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOnyanga-Omara2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatil2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuist-Arcton2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoach2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoth2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSantos2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchabas2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchabas2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchabas2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScharf1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScharf2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchiff2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSeda2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSicurelli2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSieff2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSimons2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSunga1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSunga1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomasson2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTim_Cocks2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsilonis\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUS_Department_of_State2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVidalBowcott2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWhitson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZaken2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhu2006\"] = 1,\n [\"Subject-matter_jurisdiction\"] = 1,\n [\"Temporal_jurisdiction\"] = 1,\n [\"Territorial_or_personal_jurisdiction\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 7,\n [\"Abbr\"] = 2,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 4,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite Q\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite SSRN\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 22,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 70,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 195,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 1,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 2,\n [\"Commons\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Dts\"] = 75,\n [\"Efn\"] = 9,\n [\"Failed verification\"] = 2,\n [\"ICC indictees\"] = 1,\n [\"ICC investigations\"] = 1,\n [\"ICC investigations (more detailed)\"] = 1,\n [\"ICC member states\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox building\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox geopolitical organization\"] = 1,\n [\"International Criminal Court\"] = 1,\n [\"International Criminal Law\"] = 1,\n [\"International human rights organizations\"] = 1,\n [\"International organizations\"] = 1,\n [\"International relations\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 5,\n [\"Legend\"] = 5,\n [\"Legend2\"] = 4,\n [\"Main\"] = 7,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"PDFWayback\"] = 2,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 59,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 7,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sort\"] = 6,\n [\"Twitter\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"When\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n1 1 Karim Ahmad Khan\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","580","16.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","360","10.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","8.6"],["recursiveClone 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