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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Regions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Year_of_Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Year_of_Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Year of Membership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Year_of_Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISU_Championships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISU_Championships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 ISU Championships </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ISU_Championships-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle ISU Championships subsection </button> <ul id="toc-ISU_Championships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Long_track_speed_skating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_track_speed_skating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Long track speed skating </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long_track_speed_skating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Figure_skating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Figure_skating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Figure skating </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Figure_skating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_track_speed_skating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_track_speed_skating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Short track speed skating </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_track_speed_skating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synchronized_skating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synchronized_skating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Synchronized skating </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synchronized_skating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veteran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veteran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Veteran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veteran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Olympic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olympic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Olympic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olympic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISU_Cups_and_Grand_Prixs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISU_Cups_and_Grand_Prixs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 ISU Cups and Grand Prixs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISU_Cups_and_Grand_Prixs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_world_championships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_world_championships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 First world championships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_world_championships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medals_(Figure_Skating)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medals_(Figure_Skating)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Medals (Figure Skating) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medals_(Figure_Skating)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Medals (Figure Skating) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Medals_(Figure_Skating)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overall_Medals_(Stage_1_+_Stage_2)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overall_Medals_(Stage_1_+_Stage_2)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Overall Medals (Stage 1 + Stage 2) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overall_Medals_(Stage_1_+_Stage_2)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Small_Medals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Small_Medals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Small Medals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Small_Medals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooperation_with_other_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooperation_with_other_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Cooperation with other sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooperation_with_other_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Organization </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organization subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Members </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISU_Congress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISU_Congress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 ISU Congress </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISU_Congress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISU_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISU_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 ISU Council </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISU_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidents_of_the_ISU" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents_of_the_ISU"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3.1 Presidents of the ISU </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents_of_the_ISU-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISU_Commissions_and_Committees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISU_Commissions_and_Committees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 ISU Commissions and Committees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISU_Commissions_and_Committees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eligibility_rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eligibility_rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Eligibility rules </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eligibility_rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Commercial aspects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">International Skating Union</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" > 37 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%AC_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="الاتحاد الدولي للتزلج على الجليد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الاتحاد الدولي للتزلج على الجليد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuni%C3%B3n_Internacional_de_Patinaxe_sobre_Xelu" title="Xunión Internacional de Patinaxe sobre Xelu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xunión Internacional de Patinaxe sobre Xelu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_brusla%C5%99sk%C3%A1_unie" title="Mezinárodní bruslařská unie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mezinárodní bruslařská unie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Eislaufunion" title="Internationale Eislaufunion – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internationale Eislaufunion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_Uisuliit" title="Rahvusvaheline Uisuliit – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rahvusvaheline Uisuliit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Internacional_de_Patinaje_sobre_Hielo" title="Unión Internacional de Patinaje sobre Hielo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unión Internacional de Patinaje sobre Hielo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacia_Sketa_Unio" title="Internacia Sketa Unio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Internacia Sketa Unio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazioarteko_Irristaketa_Batasuna" title="Nazioarteko Irristaketa Batasuna – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nazioarteko Irristaketa Batasuna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="اتحادیه جهانی اسکیت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتحادیه جهانی اسکیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_internationale_de_patinage" title="Union internationale de patinage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Union internationale de patinage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EB%B9%99%EC%83%81_%EC%97%B0%EB%A7%B9" title="국제 빙상 연맹 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국제 빙상 연맹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Seluncur_Internasional" title="Uni Seluncur Internasional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uni Seluncur Internasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union" title="International Skating Union – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="International Skating Union" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starptautisk%C4%81_Slido%C5%A1anas_savien%C4%ABba" title="Starptautiskā Slidošanas savienība – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Starptautiskā Slidošanas savienība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarptautin%C4%97_%C4%8Diuo%C5%BEimo_s%C4%85junga" title="Tarptautinė čiuožimo sąjunga – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tarptautinė čiuožimo sąjunga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%93%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Меѓународна лизгачка организација – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Меѓународна лизгачка организација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesatuan_Luncur_Antarabangsa" title="Kesatuan Luncur Antarabangsa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kesatuan Luncur Antarabangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Schaatsunie" title="Internationale Schaatsunie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internationale Schaatsunie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E9%80%A3%E7%9B%9F" title="国際スケート連盟 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国際スケート連盟" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union" title="International Skating Union – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="International Skating Union" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xalqaro_konkida_uchish_ittifoqi" title="Xalqaro konkida uchish ittifoqi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xalqaro konkida uchish ittifoqi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_internacionale_ed_patinache" title="Union internacionale ed patinache – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Union internacionale ed patinache" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowa_Unia_%C5%81y%C5%BCwiarska" title="Międzynarodowa Unia Łyżwiarska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Międzynarodowa Unia Łyżwiarska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Internacional_de_Patinagem" title="União Internacional de Patinagem – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="União Internacional de Patinagem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniunea_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_de_Patinaj" title="Uniunea Internațională de Patinaj – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uniunea Internațională de Patinaj" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Международный союз конькобежцев – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Международный союз конькобежцев" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medzin%C3%A1rodn%C3%A1_kor%C4%8Duliarska_%C3%BAnia" title="Medzinárodná korčuliarska únia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Medzinárodná korčuliarska únia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%92%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Међународна клизачка организација – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Међународна клизачка организација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansainv%C3%A4linen_luisteluliitto" title="Kansainvälinen luisteluliitto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kansainvälinen luisteluliitto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union" title="International Skating Union – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="International Skating Union" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="สหภาพสเกตระหว่างประเทศ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สหภาพสเกตระหว่างประเทศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Paten_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Uluslararası Paten Birliği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">International governing body for competitive ice skating</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">International Skating Union</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Skating_Union_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/International_Skating_Union_logo.png/140px-International_Skating_Union_logo.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/International_Skating_Union_logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="204" data-file-height="206" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sport</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Ice_Skating" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice Skating">Ice Skating</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data category">International</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Membership</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; text-align:left;border:0;padding:0;line-height:16px;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_member_federations_of_the_International_Skating_Union" title="List of member federations of the International Skating Union">101 members from 80 nations (April 2022)</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" 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data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Great Britain</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">ISU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">23 July 1892; 132 years ago (1892-07-23)<a href="#cite_note-registry-1">[1]</a> in Scheveningen, Netherlands<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxi-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">Avenue Juste-Olivier 17, <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Kim Jae-youl</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Vice president(s)</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Benoit Lavoie (figure skating)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li><li>Tron Espeli (speed skating)<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Director</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Colin Smith<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operating income</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> CHF 35.6 million (2018)<a href="#cite_note-FR2018-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Official website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isu.org/">www.isu.org</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:10px;"><ul><li>Official language: English<a href="#cite_note-8">[a]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The International Skating Union (ISU) is the international <a href="/wiki/Sport_governing_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport governing body">governing body</a> for competitive <a href="/wiki/Ice_skating" title="Ice skating">ice skating</a> disciplines, including <a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">figure skating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Synchronized_skating" title="Synchronized skating">synchronized skating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speed_skating" title="Speed skating">speed skating</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating" class="mw-redirect" title="Short track speed skating">short track speed skating</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> It was founded in <a href="/wiki/Scheveningen" title="Scheveningen">Scheveningen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, in July 1892,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxi-2">[2]</a> making it one of the oldest international sport federations. The ISU was formed to establish standardized international rules and regulations for the skating disciplines it governs, and to organize international competitions in these disciplines. It is now based in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaap_Eden_skating.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Jaap_Eden_skating.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="267" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jaap_Eden" title="Jaap Eden">Jaap Eden</a> of the Netherlands, three-times World Allround Speed Skating Champion, having won the titles in 1893 (the year after the ISU was founded), 1895, and 1896<a href="#cite_note-ISU_world2017-10">[9]</a></figcaption></figure> The International Skating Union (ISU)<a href="#cite_note-11">[b]</a> was founded in 1892<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> in the Dutch seaside town of <a href="/wiki/Scheveningen" title="Scheveningen">Scheveningen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ISU_world2017-10">[9]</a> The meeting was attended by 15 men, as the national association representatives from the Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany/Austria, and two clubs from Stockholm (Sweden) and Budapest (Hungary).<a href="#cite_note-ISU_world2017-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines201126-13">[11]</a> The ISU was the first international winter sports federation<a href="#cite_note-ISU_world2017-10">[9]</a> to govern speed skating and figure skating,<a href="#cite_note-si-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> as it laid down the rules for speed skating, shortly followed by figure skating.<a href="#cite_note-ISU_world2017-10">[9]</a> In 1895, the organization streamlined its mission to deal only with <a href="/wiki/Amateur_sports" title="Amateur sports">amateur competitors</a>, not <a href="/wiki/Professional_sports" title="Professional sports">professionals</a>, and hosted its first amateur skating championship in February 1896 in <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg, Russia">St. Petersburg, Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> The United States and Canada formed a competing organization, the International Skating Union of America (ISUA), in 1907.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> Over the next two years, 12 European nations had joined the ISU, while the ISUA had only its original two members.<a href="#cite_note-browne-19">[17]</a> The ISUA folded in 1927.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> European and North American figure skaters rarely competed against each other because of differences in their styles of skating.<a href="#cite_note-march1911-21">[19]</a> The ISU had "systematized and arranged" the sport of figure skating,<a href="#cite_note-march1911-21">[19]</a> with competitions including "a selection of ten or twelve numbers from the ISU programme, ... five minutes' free skating to music, ... [and] special figures" on one foot.<a href="#cite_note-browne-19">[17]</a> According to figure skating historian James R. Hines, the ISU was formed due to the necessity of establishing a schedule of compulsory figures and to adopt the international style of figure skating used outside of North America and Great Britain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxxi-22">[20]</a> In 1911, Canada joined the ISU, leaving the United States as the only major competitor to not be a member.<a href="#cite_note-march1911-21">[19]</a> This changed in 1923, when the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Figure_Skating" title="U.S. Figure Skating">United States Figure Skating Association</a> joined the ISU<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> and in 1926, the Japanese sport governing body followed to acquire ISU membership.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> The first ISU competitions to emerge were the World and European Speed Skating and Figure Skating Championships.<a href="#cite_note-ISU_world2017-10">[9]</a> Both disciplines were included in the official program of the <a href="/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics" title="1924 Winter Olympics">first Winter Olympic Games</a> in Chamonix in 1924.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> The discipline of ice dancing was introduced at the <a href="/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics" title="1976 Winter Olympics">Innsbruck Games in 1976</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> After 1945, the ISU slowly continued to grow with accession of members from other countries in Europe, Oceania, and (Southern) Africa. The ISU celebrated its 75th anniversary in 1967, when they published 75 Years of European and World Championships. The organization was unable to celebrate its 25th and 50th anniversaries in 1917 and 1942 due to the two world wars.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxvi-27">[25]</a> In 1991, the ISU celebrated its 100th anniversary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxviii-28">[26]</a> In 1967, the ISU adopted <a href="/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating" class="mw-redirect" title="Short track speed skating">short track speed skating</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ISU_world2017-10">[9]</a> The first official <a href="/wiki/World_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Short Track Speed Skating Championships">ISU World Championships in speed skating</a> took place in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-ISU_world2017-10">[9]</a> Short track speed skating became part of the official Olympic program in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-ISU_world2017-10">[9]</a> The earliest speed skating competitions hosted by the ISU, between 1976 and 1980, were held under different names but have retrospectively received World Championship status. The discipline was known as "indoor speed skating" at first, until being renamed "short track speed skating" when indoor rinks for the <a href="/wiki/Long_track_speed_skating" class="mw-redirect" title="Long track speed skating">longer speed skating</a> events were introduced.<a href="#cite_note-araton-29">[27]</a> By 1988, 38 nations had joined the ISU. Over the next few years, the organization abandoned one of its long-held practices, eliminating the use of mandatory figures in the singles' figure skating competitions and reducing their use in ice dancing.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> During the 1970s and 1980s, several Asian countries joined the ISU, followed in the early 1990s by many new countries emerging from the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">breakup of the USSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>. In 1994, <a href="/wiki/Synchronized_skating" title="Synchronized skating">synchronized skating</a> was formally recognized as a separate discipline,<a href="#cite_note-ISU_world2017-10">[9]</a> and the first <a href="/wiki/ISU_World_Synchronized_Skating_Championships" title="ISU World Synchronized Skating Championships">ISU World Championships</a> were held in 2000 in <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis, Minnesota</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ISU_world2017-10">[9]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake City, Utah">Salt Lake City, Utah</a>, the ISU implemented changes to many of its events.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> The ISU approved the use of video replay, when available, to review referee decisions.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> The rules for judging figure skating were also overhauled as a direct result of the <a href="/wiki/2002_Olympic_Winter_Games_figure_skating_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Olympic Winter Games figure skating scandal">2002 Olympic Winter Games figure skating scandal</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Ottavio_Cinquanta" title="Ottavio Cinquanta">Ottavio Cinquanta</a>, former president of the ISU, "'Something was wrong there,' ... 'Not just the individual but also the system. It existed for 70 years. Now we are trying to replace one system with another.'"<a href="#cite_note-vecsey-33">[31]</a> A <a href="/wiki/ISU_Judging_System" title="ISU Judging System">new judging system</a> for figure skating took effect in 2005,<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> replacing the <a href="/wiki/6.0_system" title="6.0 system">6.0 system</a> of "perfect" scores and instead giving points for various technical elements.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> Since the 2000s, the ISU has experienced a new wave of expansion, with several countries in Asia and Latin America joining the organization. In 2019, skating federations from Chile,<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> Peru,<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> Turkmenistan,<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-ISU_Comm_2289-41">[39]</a> and Vietnam<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> acquired membership of the ISU. After the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, the ISU issued Communication No. 2469, banning all Russian and Belarusian athletes from events until further notice.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Comm_2469-44">[42]</a> On 28 March 2023 the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC) issued a statement recommending that Russian and Belarusian athletes be allowed to compete under a neutral flag.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Sport_2023_o116-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-IOC_032823-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-International_Olympic_Committee_2023_s064-47">[45]</a> On 11 June 2023 the ISU responded to the IOC 28 March statement, saying that the ISU Council "decided to explore the feasibility issues with regard to potential pathways to implement the IOC recommendations within ISU Sports. ...The Council will continue to monitor the situation in Ukraine and its impact on the ISU activity as well as the decisions and their implementation within the Olympic Movement. In the meantime, ISU Communication 2469 remains in force".<a href="#cite_note-ISU_Stmt_061123-48">[46]</a> On 28 July the IOC responded to questions about its position.<a href="#cite_note-International_Olympic_Committee_2023_n028-49">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ISU_Members">ISU Members</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: ISU Members">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Member_countries_of_the_International_Skating_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Member_countries_of_the_International_Skating_Union.svg/340px-Member_countries_of_the_International_Skating_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="340" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Member_countries_of_the_International_Skating_Union.svg/510px-Member_countries_of_the_International_Skating_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Member_countries_of_the_International_Skating_Union.svg/680px-Member_countries_of_the_International_Skating_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Member countries of the International Skating Union. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  European members</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Non-European members (four continents)</div> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions">Regions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Regions">edit</a>]</div> List of 80 Countries (101 Association, Some nations have 2 or 3 organ member) in 5 Zones (Updated at 21 July 2024):<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> <ol><li>Four Continents (4C) (non-European countries): 35 Members</li> <li>European Countries: 45 Members</li></ol> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Number</th> <th>Region</th> <th>Countries </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc" align="center">Four Continents (4C) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></td> <td align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></td> <td align="center">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a></td> <td align="center">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc" align="center">European </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></td> <td align="center">45 </td></tr> <tr style="background:silver;"> <td align="center">Total </td> <td>World</td> <td align="center">80 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Year_of_Membership">Year of Membership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Year of Membership">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Africa:</li></ul> <ol><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> - 2022</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> - 1938/1938</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> - 2011</li></ol> <ul><li>Asia:</li></ul> <ol><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> - 1956/1956</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> - 1983</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> - 2013</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> - 2003</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> - 1926</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> - 1992</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> - 2022</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> - 2014</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> - 1948</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> - 2009</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> - 1960</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> - 2004</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> - 1957</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> - 2014</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> - 2008</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> - 1988</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> - 2019</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a> - 1983</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> - 2013</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> - 1992</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> - 2019</li></ol> <ul><li>Oceania:</li></ul> <ol><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> - 1932/1957</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> - 1964/1983</li></ol> <ul><li>Americas:</li></ul> <ol><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> - 2004/2006</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> - 2002</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> - 1894/1947</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> - 2019</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> - 2015</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /> <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> - 2021</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> - 1987</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> - 2019</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> - 1923/1965</li></ol> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li>Europe:</li></ul> <ol><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> - 1995</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> - 1994</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> - 1995</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> - 1993</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> - 1979/1979</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> - 1994</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> - 1992</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> - 1967</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> - 1992</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> - 1995</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> - 1923/1991</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> - 1913</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> - 1956</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> - 1928</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> - 1908/1960</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> - 1908</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Great Britain</a> - 1892</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> - 1992</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> - 1950/1950</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> - 2015</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> - 1908</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> - 2008</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> - 2000</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> - 1992</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> - 1927</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> - 1926</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> - 2014</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> - 1980/1980</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> - 1971/1996</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> - 2014</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> - 2017</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> - 2003</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> - 1892</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> - 1894</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> - 1925/1987</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> - 2021</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> - 1933</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> - 1896</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> - 1992</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> - 2006</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> - 1896/1911</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> - 1993/1998</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> - 1892/1905/1946</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> - 1990</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> - 1992/1992</li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ISU_Championships">ISU Championships</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: ISU Championships">edit</a>]</div> In addition to sanctioning other international competitions, the ISU designates the following competitions each year as "ISU Championships": <table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50%" align="left" valign="top"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long_track_speed_skating">Long track speed skating</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Long track speed skating">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Allround_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Allround Speed Skating Championships">World Allround Speed Skating Championships</a> (1893–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Single_Distances_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships">World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships</a> (1996–, held only in non-<a href="/wiki/Olympic_Winter_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Winter Games">Olympic</a> years, except for in 1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Sprint_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Sprint Speed Skating Championships">World Sprint Speed Skating Championships</a> (1972–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Junior Speed Skating Championships">World Junior Speed Skating Championships</a> (1974–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="European Speed Skating Championships">European Speed Skating Championships</a> (1893–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="Asian Speed Skating Championships">Asian Speed Skating Championships</a> (1999–2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_American_and_Oceania_Speed_Skating_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North American and Oceania Speed Skating Championships (page does not exist)">North American and Oceania Speed Skating Championships</a> (1999–2014) Wereldkampioenschap schaatsen allround kwalificatie (Noord-Amerika & Oceanië)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Continents_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="Four Continents Speed Skating Championships">Four Continents Speed Skating Championships</a> (2020–)</li></ul> </td> <td width="50%" align="left" valign="top"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Figure_skating">Figure skating</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Figure skating">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="World Figure Skating Championships">World Figure Skating Championships</a> (1896–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="World Junior Figure Skating Championships">World Junior Figure Skating Championships</a> (1976–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="European Figure Skating Championships">European Figure Skating Championships</a> (1891–)</li> <li>Asian Figure Skating Championships (1912–1998)</li> <li>North American and Oceania Figure Skating Championships (1912–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Continents_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="Four Continents Figure Skating Championships">Four Continents Figure Skating Championships</a> (1999–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Open_Figure_Skating_Trophy" title="Asian Open Figure Skating Trophy">Asian Open Figure Skating Trophy</a> (2007–)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50%" align="left" valign="top"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_track_speed_skating">Short track speed skating</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Short track speed skating">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Short Track Speed Skating Championships">World Short Track Speed Skating Championships</a> (1976–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_Team_Championships" title="World Short Track Speed Skating Team Championships">World Short Track Speed Skating Team Championships</a> (1991–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships">World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships</a> (1994–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="European Short Track Speed Skating Championships">European Short Track Speed Skating Championships</a> (1997–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Distance_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="Asian Distance Speed Skating Championships">Asian Distance Speed Skating Championships</a> (1994-2015)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asian_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asian Short Track Speed Skating Championships (page does not exist)">Asian Short Track Speed Skating Championships</a> (2007-2014) ?</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asian_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_Trophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asian Short Track Speed Skating Trophy (page does not exist)">Asian Short Track Speed Skating Trophy</a> (2019-) ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Continents_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="Four Continents Short Track Speed Skating Championships">Four Continents Short Track Speed Skating Championships</a> (2020–)</li></ul> </td> <td width="50%" align="left" valign="top"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synchronized_skating">Synchronized skating</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Synchronized skating">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISU_World_Synchronized_Skating_Championships" title="ISU World Synchronized Skating Championships">World Synchronized Skating Championships</a> (2000–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_World_Junior_Synchronized_Skating_Championships" title="ISU World Junior Synchronized Skating Championships">World Junior Synchronized Skating Championships</a> (2013–)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veteran">Veteran</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Veteran">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Veterans_Figure_Skating_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Veterans Figure Skating Championships (page does not exist)">World Veterans Figure Skating Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Veterans_Speed_Skating_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Veterans Speed Skating Championships (page does not exist)">World Veterans Speed Skating Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Veterans_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Veterans Short Track Speed Skating Championships (page does not exist)">World Veterans Short Track Speed Skating Championships</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olympic">Olympic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Olympic">edit</a>]</div> The events such as the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Winter_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Winter Games">Olympic Winter Games</a> and the <a href="/wiki/ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating" title="ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating">ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating</a> are not ISU Championships. However, they do count towards <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_scores_in_figure_skating" title="List of highest scores in figure skating">Personal Best scores</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ISU_Cups_and_Grand_Prixs">ISU Cups and Grand Prixs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: ISU Cups and Grand Prixs">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Speed_Skating_World_Cup" title="ISU Speed Skating World Cup">ISU Speed Skating World Cup</a> - 1985</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_World_Cup" title="ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup">ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup</a> - 1998-2024</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Short_Track_World_Tour" title="ISU Short Track World Tour">ISU Short Track World Tour</a> - 2024</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating" title="ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating">ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating</a> - 1995</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating" class="mw-redirect" title="ISU Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating">ISU Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating</a> - 1997</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_world_championships">First world championships</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: First world championships">edit</a>]</div> Dates and locations of first world championships in various disciplines held under the auspices of the ISU: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1893_in_sports" title="1893 in sports">1893</a>: Speed skating (men only), <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_in_sports" title="1896 in sports">1896</a>: Figure skating (men only), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_in_sports" title="1906 in sports">1906</a>: Figure skating (ladies), <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_in_sports" title="1908 in sports">1908</a>: Figure skating (pairs), St. Petersburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_in_sports" title="1936 in sports">1936</a>: Speed skating (women), <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_in_sports" title="1952 in sports">1952</a>: Figure skating (ice dance), <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_in_sports" title="1970 in sports">1970</a>: Sprint speed skating, <a href="/wiki/West_Allis,_Wisconsin" title="West Allis, Wisconsin">West Allis, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_in_sports" title="1978 in sports">1978</a>: Short track speed skating, <a href="/wiki/Solihull" title="Solihull">Solihull</a>, UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_in_sports" title="2000 in sports">2000</a>: Synchronized skating, <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medals_(Figure_Skating)">Medals (Figure Skating)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Medals (Figure Skating)">edit</a>]</div> Source:<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overall_Medals_(Stage_1_+_Stage_2)">Overall Medals (Stage 1 + Stage 2)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Overall Medals (Stage 1 + Stage 2)">edit</a>]</div> Medals awarded to the skaters who achieved the highest overall placements in each discipline. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Small_Medals">Small Medals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Small Medals">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Short_program_(figure_skating)" title="Short program (figure skating)">short program</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Free_skating" title="Free skating">free skating program</a>, is a segment of <a href="/wiki/Single_skating" title="Single skating">single skating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pair_skating" title="Pair skating">pair skating</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Synchronized_skating" title="Synchronized skating">synchronized skating</a> in international competitions and events for both junior and senior-level skaters.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> It has been previously called the "original" or "technical" program.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> The short program was added to single skating in 1973, which created a three-part competition until <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_figures" title="Compulsory figures">compulsory figures</a> were eliminated in 1990. The short program for pair skating was introduced at the <a href="/wiki/1963_European_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="1963 European Figure Skating Championships">1963 European Championships</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1964_World_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="1964 World Figure Skating Championships">1964 World Championships</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">Olympics in 1968</a>; previously, pair skaters only had to perform the free skating program in competitions. Synchronized skating has always had two competition segments, the short program and free skating. Small Medals awarded only at ISU Championships since probably 2009:<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> Stage 1 = Small medals awarded to the skaters who achieved the highest <a href="/wiki/Short_Program_(figure_skating)" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Program (figure skating)">short program</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_dance" title="Rhythm dance">rhythm dance</a> placements in each discipline. Stage 2 = Small medals awarded to the skaters who achieved the highest <a href="/wiki/Free_skating" title="Free skating">free skating</a> or <a href="/wiki/Free_dance_(figure_skating)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free dance (figure skating)">free dance</a> placements in each discipline. Small Medals awarded only at ISU Championships: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/World_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="World Figure Skating Championships">World Figure Skating Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="World Junior Figure Skating Championships">World Junior Figure Skating Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="European Figure Skating Championships">European Figure Skating Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Continents_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="Four Continents Figure Skating Championships">Four Continents Figure Skating Championships</a></li></ol> Small Medals not awarded in: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Figure skating at the Olympic Games">Figure skating at the Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating" title="ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating">ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating</a></li> <li>or any other international competitions</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cooperation_with_other_sports">Cooperation with other sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cooperation with other sports">edit</a>]</div> The ISU has an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_International_Bandy" title="Federation of International Bandy">Federation of International Bandy</a> to use the same arenas. The cooperation between the two federations is increasing, since both have an interest in more indoor venues with large ice surfaces being built.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Organization">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Si%C3%A8ge_de_l%27Union_internationale_de_patinage_%C3%A0_Lausanne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Si%C3%A8ge_de_l%27Union_internationale_de_patinage_%C3%A0_Lausanne.jpg/170px-Si%C3%A8ge_de_l%27Union_internationale_de_patinage_%C3%A0_Lausanne.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Si%C3%A8ge_de_l%27Union_internationale_de_patinage_%C3%A0_Lausanne.jpg/255px-Si%C3%A8ge_de_l%27Union_internationale_de_patinage_%C3%A0_Lausanne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Si%C3%A8ge_de_l%27Union_internationale_de_patinage_%C3%A0_Lausanne.jpg/340px-Si%C3%A8ge_de_l%27Union_internationale_de_patinage_%C3%A0_Lausanne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters in Lausanne</figcaption></figure> The ISU is an international sport federation recognised by the International Olympic Committee as the body globally administering figure skating and speed skating sports<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> with the following disciplines: <a href="/wiki/Speed_skating" title="Speed skating">Speed skating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Single_skating" title="Single skating">Single</a> & <a href="/wiki/Pair_skating" title="Pair skating">Pair skating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ice_dance" title="Ice dance">Ice dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating" class="mw-redirect" title="Short track speed skating">Short track speed skating</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Synchronized_skating" title="Synchronized skating">Synchronized skating</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ISU_world2017-10">[9]</a> Whereas the individual national associations administer these sports at the national level, all international matters are under the sole jurisdiction and control of the ISU.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> The ISU has been headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne, Switzerland</a>, since 1947. Also in 1947, English was adopted as the ISU's official language.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxi-2">[2]</a> There was an attempt to set up an alternative association to replace the ISU for governing and promoting figure skating throughout the world. In March 2003, a group of several former figure skating champions (who at the time were still practicing as coaches, judges, referees) announced the creation of a new international governing body for figure skating, the <a href="/wiki/World_Skating_Federation" title="World Skating Federation">World Skating Federation ("WSF")</a>. This attempt ultimately failed.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> ISU is organized as an <a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">association</a> pursuant to Swiss laws (art. 60 of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Civil_Code" title="Swiss Civil Code">Swiss Civil Code</a>).<a href="#cite_note-registry-1">[1]</a> It has its own legal identity and falls under the jurisdiction of Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_association" title="Articles of association">Articles of Association</a> define ISU's purpose as <blockquote>The objectives of the ISU are regulating, governing and promoting the sports of Figure and Speed Skating and their organized development on the basis of friendship and mutual understanding between sportsmen.The ISU shall work for broadening interest in Figure and Speed Skating sports by increasing their popularity, improving their quality and increasing the number of participants throughout the world. The ISU shall ensure that the interests of all ISU Members are observed and respected.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a></blockquote> The ISU Statutes consist of the ISU Constitution including its Procedural Provisions, and ISU General Regulations<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> setting out framework principles. More detailed provisions are contained in Special Regulations and Technical Rules for Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dance,<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> Synchronized Skating<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> Speed Skating,<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> and Short Track Speed Skating.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> The ISU Code of Ethics,<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> the ISU Anti-Doping Rules,<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> and ISU Anti-Doping Procedures<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> contain further guidelines. Additional provisions and updates can also be found in ad-hoc published ISU Communications.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Members">Members</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Members">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_member_federations_of_the_International_Skating_Union" title="List of member federations of the International Skating Union">List of member federations of the International Skating Union</a></div> The members of the ISU are the individual national associations whose task is to administer figure and speed skating on ice at the national level.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> Members are typically composed of skating clubs and athletes are individual members of those clubs. As of 20 February 2020, the International Skating Union counts 98 members.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISU_Congress">ISU Congress</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: ISU Congress">edit</a>]</div> The highest-ranking body of the ISU is the ISU Congress which consists of the ISU Members. The Congress meets once every two years for an ordinary meeting.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> Ordinary resolutions are passed by a simple majority of votes of the ISU Members represented and voting at a Congress.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> Proposals require a two-thirds majority of ISU Members in favor in order to be accepted.<a href="#cite_note-ISU_congress58_2020-72">[70]</a> Since the ISU's inception in 1892, 58 ordinary meetings in total have been organized.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol><li>1892 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scheveningen" title="Scheveningen">Scheveningen</a></li> <li>1895 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li>1897 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li>1899 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li>1901 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Deutsches Reich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li>1903 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li>1905 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li>1907 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li>1909 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li>1911 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></li> <li>1913 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li>1921 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li>1923 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li>1925 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a></li> <li>1927 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagn%C3%A8res-de-Luchon" title="Bagnères-de-Luchon">Bagnères-de-Luchon</a></li> <li>1929 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></li> <li>1931 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></li> <li>1933 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></li> <li>1935 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li>1937 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/St.Moritz" class="mw-redirect" title="St.Moritz">St.Moritz</a></li> <li>1939 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li>1947 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></li> <li>1949 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li> <li>1951 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li>1953 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stresa" title="Stresa">Stresa</a></li> <li>1955 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></li> <li>1957 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></li> <li>1959 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a></li> <li>1961 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a></li> <li>1963 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li>1965 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></li> <li>1967 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li>1969 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maidenhead" title="Maidenhead">Maidenhead</a></li> <li>1971 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li> <li>1973 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li>1975 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></li> <li>1977 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li> <li>1980 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a></li> <li>1982 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a></li> <li>1984 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado Springs">Colorado Springs</a></li> <li>1986 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velden_am_W%C3%B6rther_See" title="Velden am Wörther See">Velden am Wörther See</a></li> <li>1988 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a></li> <li>1990 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li>1992 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a></li> <li>1994 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li>1996 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a></li> <li>1998 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li>2000 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li>2002 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a></li> <li>2004 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scheveningen" title="Scheveningen">Scheveningen</a></li> <li>2006 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li>2008 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li>2010 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li>2012 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li>2014 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></li> <li>2016 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a></li> <li>2018 – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></li> <li>2022<a href="#cite_note-ISU_Comm_2312-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> – <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phuket" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuket">Phuket</a><a href="#cite_note-ISU_Comm_2262-75">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-ISU_congress58_2020-72">[70]</a></li></ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISU_Council">ISU Council</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: ISU Council">edit</a>]</div> The ISU Council constitutes the highest ISU body between two Congresses.<a href="#cite_note-meet_the_team-76">[74]</a> It is the executive body of the ISU and is responsible for determining the policies of the ISU and deciding upon the general coordination of the ISU structure and strategy.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> The Council consists of the President, a vice president, and five members for the Figure Skating Branch and a vice president, and five members for the Speed Skating Branch.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> In 1967, Jacques Favart, who was the ISU's vice president for figure skating, replaced Ernst Labin as ISU president due to Labin's death six weeks after taking office; Favart served for the next 13 years. Also in 1967, Sonia Bianchetti of Italy became the first woman council member.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxvi-27">[25]</a> The council is assisted by the Director General and the ISU Secretariat. The Director General is responsible for the daily management of all business and financially related activities of the ISU and the operation of the Secretariat.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> As of the summer of 2008, the ISU consisted of 63 member nations, with a governing council of 11. To add any proposal to the agenda of meetings, it must have support from four-fifths of the members. Proposals on the agenda are approved with a two-thirds majority vote.<a href="#cite_note-roberts-77">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Presidents_of_the_ISU">Presidents of the ISU</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Presidents of the ISU">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pim_Mulier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pim_Mulier.jpg/170px-Pim_Mulier.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pim_Mulier.jpg/255px-Pim_Mulier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pim_Mulier.jpg/340px-Pim_Mulier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>The first ISU President, <a href="/wiki/Pim_Mulier" title="Pim Mulier">Pim Mulier</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_l9m9cqb5z6zxra8ruoyr0hcoyviy88p"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Kim_Jae%2Dyoul" coords="660,202,778,226" title="Kim Jae-youl" alt="Kim Jae-youl" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Jan_Dijkema" coords="640,184,752,208" title="Jan Dijkema" alt="Jan Dijkema" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Ottavio_Cinquanta" coords="612,165,763,189" title="Ottavio Cinquanta" alt="Ottavio Cinquanta" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Olaf_Poulsen_(Norway)" coords="507,147,625,171" title="Olaf Poulsen (Norway)" alt="Olaf Poulsen (Norway)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Jacques_Favart" coords="440,129,571,153" title="Jacques Favart" alt="Jacques Favart" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Ernst_Labin" coords="378,110,489,134" title="Ernst Labin" alt="Ernst Labin" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/James_Koch" coords="378,92,483,116" title="James Koch" alt="James Koch" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Clarke" coords="311,74,462,98" title="Herbert J. Clarke" alt="Herbert J. Clarke" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Gerrit_W._A._van_Laer" coords="272,55,451,79" title="Gerrit W. A. van Laer" alt="Gerrit W. A. van Laer" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Ulrich_Salchow" coords="234,37,366,61" title="Ulrich Salchow" alt="Ulrich Salchow" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Viktor_Balck" coords="177,19,295,43" title="Viktor Balck" alt="Viktor Balck" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Pim_Mulier" coords="33,0,138,24" title="Pim Mulier" alt="Pim Mulier" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_l9m9cqb5z6zxra8ruoyr0hcoyviy88p" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/l9m9cqb5z6zxra8ruoyr0hcoyviy88p.png" /></div> <ol><li>1892–1895 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pim_Mulier" title="Pim Mulier">Pim Mulier</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxi-2">[2]</a></li> <li>1895–1925 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Balck" title="Viktor Balck">Viktor Balck</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxi-2">[2]</a></li> <li>1925–1937 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Salchow" title="Ulrich Salchow">Ulrich Salchow</a></li> <li>1937–1945 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, Gerrit W. A. van Laer<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxiv-79">[77]</a></li> <li>1945–1953 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Clarke" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert J. Clarke">Herbert J. Clarke</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxiv-79">[77]</a></li> <li>1953–1967 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, James Koch<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxv-80">[78]</a></li> <li>1967–1967 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, Ernst Labin<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxvi-27">[25]</a></li> <li>1967–1980 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Favart" title="Jacques Favart">Jacques Favart</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxvii-81">[79]</a></li> <li>1980–1994 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Poulsen_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olaf Poulsen (Norway)">Olaf Poulsen</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHines2011xxfii-82">[80]</a></li> <li>1994–2016 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottavio_Cinquanta" title="Ottavio Cinquanta">Ottavio Cinquanta</a></li> <li>2016–2022 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Dijkema" title="Jan Dijkema">Jan Dijkema</a></li> <li>2022–present <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, Kim Jae-youl</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISU_Commissions_and_Committees">ISU Commissions and Committees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: ISU Commissions and Committees">edit</a>]</div> Following the ISU Congress 2018, the organizational chart of the ISU includes alongside the ISU Congress and ISU Council, assisted by the ISU Secretariat, the following bodies:<a href="#cite_note-meet_the_team-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> <ol><li>ISU Disciplinary Commission</li> <li>ISU Athletes Commission</li> <li>ISU Medical Commission</li> <li>ISU Development Commission</li> <li>ISU Technical Committees.</li></ol> The ISU Disciplinary Commission (DC) constitutes a judicial body of the ISU.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> It is an independent body<a href="#cite_note-ECtHR-83">[81]</a> elected by the ISU Congress.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> The ISU Athletes Commission was introduced on the 56th ISU Ordinary Congress 2016 in Dubrovnik and represents Skaters’ positions within the ISU<a href="#cite_note-athletes_commission-84">[82]</a> by providing advice to the ISU Council, Technical Committees, Sports Directors, Director General and other internal bodies.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> The ISU Medical Commission coordinates compliance with <a href="/wiki/Doping_in_figure_skating" title="Doping in figure skating">anti-doping regulations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> The ISU Development Commission implements the ISU Development Program in accordance with the ISU policy and the approved budget.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> The main functions of the ISU Technical Committees include the preparation, monitoring and maintenance of the Technical Rules.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> The following Technical Committees are established: Single and Pair Skating, Ice Dance, Synchronized Skating, Speed Skating and Short Track Speed Skating.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eligibility_rules">Eligibility rules</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Eligibility rules">edit</a>]</div> ISU's role as an international sports federation involves setting the rules to ensure proper <a href="/wiki/Governance" title="Governance">governance</a> of sport, notably in terms of the health and safety of the athletes and the <a href="/wiki/Integrity" title="Integrity">integrity</a> of competitions.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> Similar to many <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_sports_federations" title="List of international sports federations">international sports federations</a>, ISU adopted eligibility rules.<a href="#cite_note-ISU_pressrelease-87">[85]</a> Under the ISU eligibility rules, skaters participating in competitions that are not approved by the ISU face severe penalties up to a lifetime ban from all major international skating events.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> Historically, only amateurs were allowed to qualify for the Olympic Games and in 1962, the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a> issued the Eligibility rules which specified that persons receiving remuneration and other material advantages for participation in sport were not eligible to compete in the Olympic Games.<a href="#cite_note-EC_40208-89">[87]</a> However, the concept of amateur sport developed over time,<a href="#cite_note-EC_40208-89">[87]</a> moving by the end of the 1980s towards professionalisation.<a href="#cite_note-EC_40208-89">[87]</a> Respecting the Olympic principles, the ISU rules made a difference in treatment of amateur and professional skaters wishing to qualify for the Olympic Games.<a href="#cite_note-EC_40208-89">[87]</a> In 1986, the limitations imposed on professional skaters were removed and the categories of "eligible" and "ineligible" persons were introduced to replace the concepts of <a href="/wiki/Amateur_sports" title="Amateur sports">"amateurs"</a> and <a href="/wiki/Professional_sports" title="Professional sports">"professionals"</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EC_40208-89">[87]</a> In 1998, Eligibility rules established a comprehensive pre-authorisation system by stipulating that eligible skaters could only take part in competitions approved by the ISU, and conducted under the ISU Regulations by ISU-approved officials.<a href="#cite_note-EC_40208-89">[87]</a> Under the 2014 Eligibility rules, the person who breached the Eligibility rules could not be reinstated. This resulted in a <a href="/wiki/Ban_(law)" title="Ban (law)">lifetime ban</a>, since the loss of eligibility is not limited in time.<a href="#cite_note-prov_ECdecision-90">[88]</a> There were attempts of <a href="/wiki/Event_management" title="Event management">independent organisers</a> to hold alternative speed skating events. Icederby International co., Ltd sought to set up a series of events titled ‘Icederby Grand Prix’ scheduled to run for six consecutive years from 2014 to 2020.<a href="#cite_note-prov_ECdecision-90">[88]</a> Run by a Korean event organiser, it offered unprecedented prize money to attract the world's best skaters.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> In 2011, Icederby International approached the ISU to enter into a partnership agreement and presented its action plan. Initially, Icederby included <a href="/wiki/Sports_betting" title="Sports betting">betting</a> in connection with its planned Grand Prix in countries where betting was not prohibited. In January 2012, the ISU updated its <a href="/wiki/Ethical_code" title="Ethical code">Code of Ethics</a> to rule out the participation in all forms of betting. Two years later, Icederby notified the ISU that no betting would be organised in connection with the planned Dubai Icederby Grand Prix as betting is illegal in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-prov_ECdecision-90">[88]</a> Nonetheless, the ISU did not authorise the Dubai Icederby Grand Prix 2014 and announced that all skaters who take part in the Icederby event would be subject to the lifetime ban established by the Eligibility rules.<a href="#cite_note-prov_ECdecision-90">[88]</a> In consequence, Icederby decided not to organise the Dubai Icederby Grand Prix 2014 due to its difficulty to secure the participation of speed skaters.<a href="#cite_note-prov_ECdecision-90">[88]</a> Two professional speed skaters, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Tuitert" title="Mark Tuitert">Mark Tuitert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kerstholt" title="Niels Kerstholt">Niels Kerstholt</a>, lodged a <a href="/wiki/Complaint" title="Complaint">complaint</a> and on 5 October 2015, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Competition" title="European Commissioner for Competition">European Commission</a> initiated formal antitrust proceedings into alleged anti-competitive restrictions imposed by the International Skating Union on athletes and officials' economic activities and alleged <a href="/wiki/Foreclosure" title="Foreclosure">foreclosure</a> of competing alternative sport event organisers.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> On 20 October 2015, the ISU published the procedure for independent organisers to receive authorisation from the ISU Council.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> Under the 2016 Eligibility rules, the sanctions imposed on a skater participating in non-authorised events ranged from a warning to periods of ineligibility running from an unspecified minimum to a maximum of a lifetime.<a href="#cite_note-EC_40208-89">[87]</a> In December 2017, the European Commission decided that ISU's eligibility rules breach <a href="/wiki/European_Union_competition_law" title="European Union competition law">EU competition laws</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EC_40208-89">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-ft-96">[94]</a> The Commission gave the ISU 90 days to amend the rules and did not impose a fine.<a href="#cite_note-ft-96">[94]</a> The ISU disagreed with the decision, suspended the enforcement of the rules subject to the Commission decision, and put in place provisional rules.<a href="#cite_note-ISU_pressrelease-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-ISU_pressreleaseupdate-97">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> In addition, the ISU filed an appeal against the EU Commission decision pending before the <a href="/wiki/General_Court_(European_Union)" title="General Court (European Union)">EU General Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ISU_pressreleaseupdate-97">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_aspects">Commercial aspects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Commercial aspects">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Financial data (in CHF millions) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>2013<a href="#cite_note-FR2014-100">[98]</a> </th> <th>2014<a href="#cite_note-FR2014-100">[98]</a> </th> <th>2015<a href="#cite_note-FR2016-101">[99]</a> </th> <th>2016<a href="#cite_note-FR2016-101">[99]</a> </th> <th>2017<a href="#cite_note-FR2018-7">[7]</a> </th> <th>2018<a href="#cite_note-FR2018-7">[7]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">Revenue</a> </td> <td>49.96 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />44.44 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />37.28 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />34.05 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />36.94 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />35.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income/(loss)</a> </td> <td>10.18 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />10.78 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.05 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.57 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />5.44 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />(0.23) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Assets</a> </td> <td>269.24 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />297.07 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />299.02 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />293.88 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />290.02 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />324.28 </td></tr></tbody></table> The ISU, as an <a href="/wiki/Association_of_International_Olympic_Winter_Sports_Federations" title="Association of International Olympic Winter Sports Federations">Olympic Winter Sport Federation</a>, derives its revenues from<a href="#cite_note-FR2018-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">Broadcast</a> partnerships for world-wide media coverage of ISU Events;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)" title="Sponsor (commercial)">Sponsorship</a> agreements;</li> <li>Contributions provided by the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a>; and</li> <li>Interest income earned from the ISU's financial assets.</li></ol> In 2018, the ISU generated a worldwide consolidated turnover of CHF 35.6 million, as compared to CHF 36.9 million for the financial year 2017.<a href="#cite_note-FR2018-7">[7]</a> For the financial year 2018, the operating income for Television ISU Events (net) amounted to around 17 million <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a>, and for advertising events (sponsorship agreements) to around 6.9 million CHF.<a href="#cite_note-FR2018-7">[7]</a> Whereas the situation regarding TV events appears to be relatively stable, the conclusion of <a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)" title="Sponsor (commercial)">sponsorship agreements</a> becomes more challenging due to a highly competitive market environment.<a href="#cite_note-FR2018-7">[7]</a> Thus, ISU has been unable to replace the <a href="/wiki/Speed_Skating" class="mw-redirect" title="Speed Skating">Speed Skating</a> Title Sponsor with a similarly lucrative agreement.<a href="#cite_note-FR2018-7">[7]</a> Also, as ISU Members in China and the Republic of Korea were, for different reasons, unable to host ISU <a href="/wiki/Short_Track_Speed_Skating" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Track Speed Skating">Short Track Speed Skating</a> Events during the 2018/19 season, the ISU was also unable to maintain sponsorship agreements in those countries.<a href="#cite_note-FR2018-7">[7]</a> As the ISU sport disciplines significantly contribute to the success of the Olympic Winter Games, the ISU can also continue to rely on substantial amounts provided by the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a>. After the successful <a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 Olympic Winter Games (OWG) in South Korea</a>, these incomes have increased as compared to the <a href="/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics" title="2014 Winter Olympics">2014 OWG in Sochi</a> and are again close to the level of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 OWG of Vancouver</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FR2018-7">[7]</a> To ensure a substantial annual interest income independent from commercial partners’ interests, the ISU employs a long-standing conservative investment policy. The interest income on <a href="/wiki/Corporate_bond" title="Corporate bond">high-rated bonds</a> from <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banque_Cantonale_Vaudoise" class="mw-redirect" title="Banque Cantonale Vaudoise">Banque Cantonale Vaudoise</a>, and <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a> accrued at the end of the financial year 2018 amounted to CHF 1.44 million.<a href="#cite_note-FR2018-7">[7]</a> In 2020 the ISU launched the <a href="/wiki/ISU_Skating_Awards" title="ISU Skating Awards">ISU Skating Awards</a>. The winners of the inaugural edition were <a href="/wiki/Yuzuru_Hanyu" title="Yuzuru Hanyu">Yuzuru Hanyu</a> (Most Valuable Skater), <a href="/wiki/Gabriella_Papadakis" title="Gabriella Papadakis">Gabriella Papadakis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Cizeron" title="Guillaume Cizeron">Guillaume Cizeron</a> (Most Entertaining Program), <a href="/wiki/Alena_Kostornaia" title="Alena Kostornaia">Alena Kostornaia</a> (Best Newcomer), <a href="/wiki/Madison_Chock" title="Madison Chock">Madison Chock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Evan_Bates" title="Evan Bates">Evan Bates</a> (Best Costume), <a href="/wiki/Eteri_Tutberidze" title="Eteri Tutberidze">Eteri Tutberidze</a> (Best Coach), <a href="/wiki/Shae-Lynn_Bourne" title="Shae-Lynn Bourne">Shae-Lynn Bourne</a> (Best Choreographer) and <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Browning" title="Kurt Browning">Kurt Browning</a> (Lifetime Achievement Award).<a href="#cite_note-ISA2020-102">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_figure_skating" title="International figure skating">International figure skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_sport_federations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of international sport federations">List of international sport federations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_track_speed_skating" class="mw-redirect" title="Long track speed skating">Long track speed skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">Figure skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating" class="mw-redirect" title="Short track speed skating">Short track speed skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_skating" title="Synchronized skating">Synchronized skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="ISU Figure Skating Championships">ISU Figure Skating Championships</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> French, German and Russian are supplementary languages of the ISU.<a href="#cite_note-AoA-3">[3]</a>: 28  </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Originally internationale Eislauf Vereinigung in the German language<a href="#cite_note-ISU_world2017-10">[9]</a>: 16  </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap 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.cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rc2.vd.ch/registres/hrcintapp-pub/companyReport.action?lang=FR&rcentId=8286816900000055031025">"Extrait Internet"</a>. 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Retrieved 23 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=isu.org&rft.atitle=And+the+winner+is%3A+First+ISU+Skating+Award+recipients+revealed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isu.org%2Fmedia-centre%2Fpress-releases%2F2020-6%2F24752-isu-skating-awards-2020-winners%2Ffile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Skating+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Skating_Union&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Works cited">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Hines, James R. (2011). Historical Dictionary of Figure Skating. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6859-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6859-5">978-0-8108-6859-5</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Sports_Federations" title="Template:International Sports Federations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Sports_Federations" title="Template talk:International Sports Federations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Sports_Federations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Sports Federations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_sports_federations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_sports_federations" title="List of international sports federations">International sports federations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Summer_Olympic_International_Federations" title="Association of Summer Olympic International Federations">ASOIF</a> (30+2) Summer Olympics Federations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Aquatics" title="World Aquatics">WAqu</a> (aquatic sports)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Archery_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Archery Federation">WA</a> (archery)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Athletics" title="World Athletics">WAth</a> (athletics)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badminton_World_Federation" title="Badminton World Federation">BWF</a> (badminton)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Baseball_Softball_Confederation" title="World Baseball Softball Confederation">WBSC</a> (baseball, softball and Baseball5) (associate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIBA" title="FIBA">FIBA</a> (basketball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Canoe_Federation" title="International Canoe Federation">ICF</a> (canoeing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Cycliste_Internationale" title="Union Cycliste Internationale">UCI</a> (cycling)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_DanceSport_Federation" title="World DanceSport Federation">WDSF</a> (dance sport) (associate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Equestrian_Sports" title="International Federation for Equestrian Sports">FEI</a> (equestrian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_d%27Escrime" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération Internationale d'Escrime">FIE</a> (fencing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> (football)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Golf_Federation" title="International Golf Federation">IGF</a> (golf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gymnastics_Federation" title="International Gymnastics Federation">FIG</a> (gymnastics)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Handball_Federation" title="International Handball Federation">IHF</a> (handball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Hockey_Federation" title="International Hockey Federation">FIH</a> (field hockey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Judo_Federation" title="International Judo Federation">IJF</a> (judo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Internationale_de_Pentathlon_Moderne" title="Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne">UIPM</a> (modern pentathlon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Skate" title="World Skate">WSK</a> (roller sports)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rowing_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Rowing Federation">FISA</a> (rowing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rugby" title="World Rugby">WR</a> (rugby union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Sailing" title="World Sailing">WS</a> (sailing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Shooting_Sport_Federation" title="International Shooting Sport Federation">ISSF</a> (shooting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Sport_Climbing" title="International Federation of Sport Climbing">IFSC</a> (sport climbing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Surfing_Association" title="International Surfing Association">ISA</a> (surfing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Table_Tennis_Federation" title="International Table Tennis Federation">ITTF</a> (table tennis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Taekwondo" title="World Taekwondo">WT</a> (taekwondo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Tennis_Federation" title="International Tennis Federation">ITF</a> (tennis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Triathlon" title="World Triathlon">WT</a> (triathlon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball" title="Fédération Internationale de Volleyball">FIVB</a> (volleyball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Weightlifting_Federation" title="International Weightlifting Federation">IWF</a> (weightlifting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_World_Wrestling" title="United World Wrestling">UWW</a> (wrestling)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_International_Olympic_Winter_Sports_Federations" title="Association of International Olympic Winter Sports Federations">AIOWF</a> (7) Winter Olympics Federations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Biathlon_Union" title="International Biathlon Union">IBU</a> (biathlon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bobsleigh_and_Skeleton_Federation" title="International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation">IBSF</a> (bobsleigh and skeleton)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Curling" title="World Curling">WC</a> (curling)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">IIHF</a> (ice hockey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Luge_Federation" title="International Luge Federation">FIL</a> (luge)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ISU</a> (skating sports)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ski_and_Snowboard_Federation" title="International Ski and Snowboard Federation">FIS</a> (skiing and snowboarding sports)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_IOC_Recognised_International_Sports_Federations" title="Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations">ARISF</a> (39) Others recognised by <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_A%C3%A9ronautique_Internationale" title="Fédération Aéronautique Internationale">FAI</a> (air sports)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_American_Football" title="International Federation of American Football">IFAF</a> (American football)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_l%27Automobile" title="Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile">FIA</a> (auto racing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_International_Bandy" title="Federation of International Bandy">FIB</a> (bandy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Baseball_Softball_Confederation" title="World Baseball Softball Confederation">WBSC</a> (baseball, softball and Baseball5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Basque_Pelota" title="International Federation of Basque Pelota">FIPV</a> (basque pelota)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Confederation_of_Billiards_Sports" title="World Confederation of Billiards Sports">WCBS</a> (billiards sports)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Sports_de_Boules" title="Confédération Mondiale des Sports de Boules">CMSB</a> (boules)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bowling_Federation" title="International Bowling Federation">IBF</a> (bowling)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bridge_Federation" title="World Bridge Federation">WBF</a> (bridge)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cheer_Union" title="International Cheer Union">ICU</a> (cheer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a> (chess)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cricket_Council" title="International Cricket Council">ICC</a> (cricket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_DanceSport_Federation" title="World DanceSport Federation">WDSF</a> (dance sport)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Floorball_Federation" title="International Floorball Federation">IFF</a> (floorball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Flying_Disc_Federation" title="World Flying Disc Federation">WFDF</a> (flying disc)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_Icestocksport" class="mw-redirect" title="International Federation Icestocksport">IFI</a> (ice stock sport)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Karate_Federation" title="World Karate Federation">WKF</a> (karate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Association_of_Kickboxing_Organizations" title="World Association of Kickboxing Organizations">WAKO</a> (kickboxing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Korfball_Federation" title="International Korfball Federation">IKF</a> (korfball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Lacrosse" title="World Lacrosse">FIL</a> (lacrosse)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Life_Saving_Federation" title="International Life Saving Federation">ILSF</a> (life saving)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Motocyclisme" title="Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme">FIM</a> (motorcycle sport)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Climbing_and_Mountaineering_Federation" title="International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation">UIAA</a> (mountaineering)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Muaythai_Associations" title="International Federation of Muaythai Associations">IFMA</a> (muaythai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Netball" title="World Netball">WN</a> (netball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Orienteering_Federation" title="International Orienteering Federation">IOF</a> (orienteering)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_International_Polo" title="Federation of International Polo">FIP</a> (polo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Internationale_Motonautique" title="Union Internationale Motonautique">UIM</a> (powerboating)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Racquetball_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="International Racquetball Federation">IRF</a> (racquetball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Sambo" title="Fédération Internationale de Sambo">FIAS</a> (sambo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ski_Mountaineering_Federation" title="International Ski Mountaineering Federation">ISMF</a> (ski mountaineering)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Squash_Federation" title="World Squash Federation">WSF</a> (squash)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sumo_Federation" title="International Sumo Federation">IFS</a> (sumo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_War_International_Federation" title="Tug of War International Federation">TWIF</a> (tug-of-war)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">CMAS</a> (underwater sports)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_University_Sports_Federation" title="International University Sports Federation">FISU</a> (university sports)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Waterski_%26_Wakeboard_Federation" title="International Waterski & Wakeboard Federation">IWWF</a> (waterski and wakeboard)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Wushu_Federation" title="International Wushu Federation">IWUF</a> (wushu)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Independent_Recognised_Members_of_Sport" title="Alliance of Independent Recognised Members of Sport">AIMS</a> (20) Others in <a href="/wiki/SportAccord" title="SportAccord">SportAccord</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Aikido_Federation" title="International Aikido Federation">IAF</a> (aikido)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Armwrestling_Federation" title="World Armwrestling Federation">WAF</a> (arm wrestling)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_BodyBuilding_and_Fitness" class="mw-redirect" title="International Federation of BodyBuilding and Fitness">IFBB</a> (bodybuilding)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Casting_Sport_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="International Casting Sport Federation">ICSF</a> (casting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Darts_Federation" title="World Darts Federation">WDF</a> (darts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Dragon_Boat_Federation" title="International Dragon Boat Federation">IDBF</a> (dragon boat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Draughts_Federation" title="World Draughts Federation">FMJD</a> (draughts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fistball_Association" title="International Fistball Association">IFA</a> (fistball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Go_Federation" title="International Go Federation">IGF</a> (go)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju-Jitsu_International_Federation" title="Ju-Jitsu International Federation">JJIF</a> (ju-jitsu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Kendo_Federation" title="International Kendo Federation">FIK</a> (kendo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Minigolf_Sport_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Minigolf Sport Federation">WMF</a> (minigolf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Powerlifting_Federation" title="International Powerlifting Federation">IPF</a> (powerlifting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Practical_Shooting_Confederation" title="International Practical Shooting Confederation">IPSC</a> (practical shooting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_Internationale_de_Savate" title="Federation Internationale de Savate">FISav</a> (savate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sepaktakraw_Federation" title="International Sepaktakraw Federation">ISTAF</a> (sepak takraw)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Sleddog_Sports" title="International Federation of Sleddog Sports">ISFF</a> (sleddog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Soft_Tennis_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="International Soft Tennis Federation">ISTF</a> (soft tennis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_la_P%C3%AAche_Sportive" title="Confédération Internationale de la Pêche Sportive">CIPS</a> (sport fishing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Teqball_Federation" title="International Teqball Federation">FITEQ</a> (teqball)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">former <a href="/wiki/Global_Association_of_International_Sports_Federations" title="Global Association of International Sports Federations">GAISF</a> observer members (11)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Dodgeball_Association" title="World Dodgeball Association">WDA</a> (dodgeball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_International_FootGolf" title="Federation for International FootGolf">FIFG</a> (footgolf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jump_Rope_Union" title="International Jump Rope Union">IJRU</a> (jump rope)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Kettlebell_Lifting" title="International Union of Kettlebell Lifting">IUKL</a> (kettlebell lifting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Obstacle" title="World Obstacle">FISO</a> (obstacle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Padel_Federation" title="International Padel Federation">IPF</a> (padel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Match_Poker" title="International Federation of Match Poker">IFMP</a> (poker)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Pole_Sports_Federation" title="International Pole Sports Federation">IPSF</a> (pole dance)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Rafting_Federation" title="International Rafting Federation">IRF</a> (rafting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Rugby_League" title="International Rugby League">IRL</a> (rugby league)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Table_Soccer_Federation" title="International Table Soccer Federation">ITSF</a> (table football/soccer)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Eskrima_Kali_Arnis_Federation" title="World Eskrima Kali Arnis Federation">WEKAF</a> (arnis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFL_Commission" title="AFL Commission">AFLC</a> (Australian rules football)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Backgammon_Federation" title="World Backgammon Federation">WBGF</a> (backgammon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Street_and_Ball_Hockey_Federation" title="International Street and Ball Hockey Federation">ISBHF</a> (ball hockey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bodyboarding_Association" title="International Bodyboarding Association">IBA</a> (bodyboarding)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bowls" title="World Bowls">WB</a> (bowls)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Boxing_Association" title="International Boxing Association">IBA</a>1 (boxing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Boxing" title="World Boxing">WB</a>2 (boxing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_Jiu-Jitsu_International_Federation" title="Sport Jiu-Jitsu International Federation">SJJIF</a> (Brazilian jiu-jitsu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Broomball_Associations" title="International Federation of Broomball Associations">IFBA</a> (broomball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Croquet_Federation" title="World Croquet Federation">WCF</a> (croquet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Dodgeball_Federation" title="World Dodgeball Federation">WDBF</a> (dodgeball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Confederation_of_Fullbore_Rifle_Associations" title="International Confederation of Fullbore Rifle Associations">ICFRA</a> (fullbore rifle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Athletic_Association" title="Gaelic Athletic Association">IGAA</a> (Gaelic football and hurling)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Terrain_Skate_Cross_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="All Terrain Skate Cross Federation">ATSX</a> (downhill ice cross)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Kabaddi_Federation" title="International Kabaddi Federation">IKF</a> (kabaddi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Kempo_Federation" title="International Kempo Federation">IKF</a> (kempo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Landsailing_Organisation" title="World Landsailing Organisation">FISLY</a> (landsailing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mixed_Martial_Arts_Federation" title="International Mixed Martial Arts Federation">IMMAF</a> (mixed martial arts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mountain_Running_Association" title="World Mountain Running Association">WMRA</a> (mountain running)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Rowing_Society_International" title="Ocean Rowing Society International">ORSI</a> (ocean rowing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Pickleball_Federation" title="International Pickleball Federation">IPF</a> (pickleball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Quidditch_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="International Quidditch Association">IQA</a> (quidditch)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Model_Auto_Racing" title="International Federation of Model Auto Racing">IFMAR</a> (radio-controlled racing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Rogaining_Federation" title="International Rogaining Federation">IRF</a> (rogaining)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Snowshoe_Federation" title="World Snowshoe Federation">WSSF</a> (snowshoe running)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Skyrunning_Federation" title="International Skyrunning Federation">ISF</a> (skyrunning)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Sport_Stacking_Association" title="World Sport Stacking Association">WSSA</a> (sport stacking)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Table_Hockey_Federation" title="International Table Hockey Federation">ITHF</a> (table hockey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Tent_Pegging_Federation" title="International Tent Pegging Federation">ITPF</a> (tent pegging)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_International_Touch" title="Federation of International Touch">FIT</a> (touch football)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trail_Running_Association" title="International Trail Running Association">ITRA</a> (trail running)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Ultrarunners" title="International Association of Ultrarunners">IAU</a> (ultra running)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Games_Association" title="International World Games Association">International World Games Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SportAccord" title="SportAccord">SportAccord</a></li></ul> <ul><li>1 IOC recognition withdrawn</li> <li>2 Seeking IOC recognition</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Member_federations_of_the_International_Skating_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Member_federations_of_the_International_Skating_Union" title="Template:Member federations of the International Skating Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Member_federations_of_the_International_Skating_Union" title="Template talk:Member federations of the International Skating Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Member_federations_of_the_International_Skating_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Member federations of the International Skating Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Member_federations_of_the_International_Skating_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_member_federations_of_the_International_Skating_Union" title="List of member federations of the International Skating Union">Member federations</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Skating Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">Figure skating</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Synchronized_skating" title="Synchronized skating">synchronized skating</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_skating" title="Speed skating">Speed skating</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Short-track_speed_skating" title="Short-track speed skating">short-track speed skating</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 blue;">European members (59)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nations (57)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andorran_Federation_of_Ice_Sports" title="Andorran Federation of Ice Sports">Andorra</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_Skating_Federation_of_Armenia" title="Figure Skating Federation of Armenia">Armenia</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skate_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skate Austria (page does not exist)">Austria</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austria_Speed_Skating_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austria Speed Skating Association (page does not exist)">Austria</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Skating_Federation_Of_Azerbaijan_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Skating Federation Of Azerbaijan Republic (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skating_Union_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skating Union of Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federation_Royale_Belge_de_Patinage_Artistique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federation Royale Belge de Patinage Artistique (page does not exist)">Belgium</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federation_Royale_Belge_De_Patinage_De_Vitesse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federation Royale Belge De Patinage De Vitesse (page does not exist)">Belgium</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skating_Federation_Of_Bosnia_And_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skating Federation Of Bosnia And Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Croatian_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Croatian Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyprus_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyprus Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Czech_Figure_Skating_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Czech Figure Skating Association (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Czech_Speed_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Czech Speed Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danish_Skate_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danish Skate Union (page does not exist)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Skating_Union" title="Estonian Skating Union">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Figure_Skating_Association" title="Finnish Figure Skating Association">Finland</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_Skate_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish Skate Association (page does not exist)">Finland</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Federation_of_Ice_Sports" title="French Federation of Ice Sports">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_Figure_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgian Figure Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Georgia</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Ice_Skating_Union" title="German Ice Skating Union">Germany</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Speed_Skating_Community&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Speed Skating Community (page does not exist)">Germany</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Ice_Skating" title="British Ice Skating">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Winter_Sports_Federation" title="Hellenic Winter Sports Federation">Greece</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_National_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungarian National Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Skating_Association" title="Icelandic Skating Association">Iceland</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_Skating_Association_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ice Skating Association of Ireland (page does not exist)">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel_Ice_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israel Ice Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Ice_Sports_Federation" title="Italian Ice Sports Federation">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Skating_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latvian Skating Association (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liechtensteinian_Skating_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liechtensteinian Skating Association (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Skating_Federation" title="Lithuanian Skating Federation">Lithuania</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Speed_Skating_Association" title="Lithuanian Speed Skating Association">Lithuania</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourgian_Union_of_Skating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luxembourgian Union of Skating (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourgian_Union_of_Speed_Skating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luxembourgian Union of Speed Skating (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skating_Federation_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skating Federation of North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Figure_Skating_Federation_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Figure Skating Federation of the Republic of Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federation_Monegasque_De_Patinage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federation Monegasque De Patinage (page does not exist)">Monaco</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Dutch_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Dutch Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Skating_Association" title="Norwegian Skating Association">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_Figure_Skating_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish Figure Skating Association (page does not exist)">Poland</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_Speed_Skating_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish Speed Skating Association (page does not exist)">Poland</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Winter_Sports_Federation" title="Portuguese Winter Sports Federation">Portugal</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanian Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_Skating_Federation_of_Russia" title="Figure Skating Federation of Russia">Russia</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Skating_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Skating Union (page does not exist)">Russia</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Skating_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serbian Skating Association (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovak_Figure_Skating_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovak Figure Skating Association (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovak_Speed_Skating_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovak Speed Skating Union (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovene_Skating_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovene Skating Union (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Ice_Sports_Federation" title="Spanish Ice Sports Federation">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swedish_Figure_Skating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swedish Figure Skating (page does not exist)">Sweden</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swedish_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swedish Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Sweden</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_Ice_Skating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swiss Ice Skating (page does not exist)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Ice_Skating_Federation" title="Turkish Ice Skating Federation">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_Figure_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukrainian Figure Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Ukraine</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_Speed_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukrainian Speed Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Ukraine</a> (Speed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubs (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internationaler_Schlittschuh-Club_Davos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internationaler Schlittschuh-Club Davos (page does not exist)">Internationaler Schlittschuh-Club Davos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stockholms_Allm%C3%A4nna_Skridskoklubb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stockholms Allmänna Skridskoklubb (page does not exist)">Stockholms Allmänna Skridskoklubb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Member_countries_of_the_International_Skating_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Member_countries_of_the_International_Skating_Union.svg/180px-Member_countries_of_the_International_Skating_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Member_countries_of_the_International_Skating_Union.svg/270px-Member_countries_of_the_International_Skating_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Member_countries_of_the_International_Skating_Union.svg/360px-Member_countries_of_the_International_Skating_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;">Four continents members (42)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_Skate_Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ice Skate Egypt (page does not exist)">Egypt</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Moroccan_Ice_Sports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Moroccan Ice Sports (page does not exist)">Morocco</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Figure_Skating_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South African Figure Skating Association (page does not exist)">South Africa</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Speed_Skating_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South African Speed Skating Association (page does not exist)">South Africa</a> (Speed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas (12)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federacion_Argentina_De_Patinaje_Sobre_Hielo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federacion Argentina De Patinaje Sobre Hielo (page does not exist)">Argentina</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Ice_Speed_Skaters_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argentine Ice Speed Skaters Union (page does not exist)">Argentina</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Ice_Sports_Federation" title="Brazilian Ice Sports Federation">Brazil</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skate_Canada" title="Skate Canada">Canada</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_Skating_Canada" title="Speed Skating Canada">Canada</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilean_National_Figure_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chilean National Figure Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Chile</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_Federation_of_Skating_Sports" title="Colombia Federation of Skating Sports">Colombia</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecuadorian_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecuadorian Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Ecuador</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mexican_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mexican Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Mexico</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_Ice_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peruvian Ice Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Peru</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Figure_Skating" title="U.S. Figure Skating">United States</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Speedskating" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Speedskating">United States</a> (Speed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia (22)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambodia_Ice_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambodia Ice Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Figure_Skating_Association" title="Chinese Figure Skating Association">China</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Skating_Association" title="Chinese Skating Association">China</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Taipei_Skating_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese Taipei Skating Union (page does not exist)">Chinese Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Skating_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hong Kong Skating Union (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Skating_Association_of_India" title="Ice Skating Association of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federasi_Ice_Skating_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federasi Ice Skating Indonesia (page does not exist)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Skating_Federation" title="Japan Skating Federation">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Skating_Federation_(Kazakhstan)" title="National Skating Federation (Kazakhstan)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skating_Federation_of_the_Kyrgyz_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skating Federation of the Kyrgyz Republic (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skating_Association_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skating Association of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Skating_Union" title="Korea Skating Union">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_Skating_Association_of_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ice Skating Association of Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skating_Union_of_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skating Union of Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Skating_Union" title="Philippine Skating Union">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qatar_Skating_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qatar Skating Federation (page does not exist)">Qatar</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Ice_Skating_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Singapore Ice Skating Association (page does not exist)">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Figure_and_Speed_Skating_Association_of_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Figure and Speed Skating Association of Thailand (page does not exist)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Center_of_Turkmenistan_for_Winter_Sport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Center of Turkmenistan for Winter Sport (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Arab_Emirates_Ice_Sports_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Arab Emirates Ice Sports Federation (page does not exist)">United Arab Emirates</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winter_Sports_Association_of_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winter Sports Association of Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skating_Federation_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skating Federation of Vietnam (page does not exist)">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Skating_Australia" title="Ice Skating Australia">Australia</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Ice_Racing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australian Ice Racing (page does not exist)">Australia</a> (Speed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_Ice_Figure_Skating_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Zealand Ice Figure Skating Association (page does not exist)">New Zealand</a> (Figure)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_Speed_Skating_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ice Speed Skating New Zealand (page does not exist)">New Zealand</a> (Speed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Pinnacle events <ul><li>Figure skating: <a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Figure skating at the Olympic Games">Olympics</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="World Figure Skating Championships">Worlds</a></li> <li>Synchronized skating: <a href="/wiki/ISU_World_Synchronized_Skating_Championships" title="ISU World Synchronized Skating Championships">Worlds</a></li> <li>Speed skating: <a href="/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_Winter_Olympics" title="Speed skating at the Winter Olympics">Olympics</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Speed Skating Championships">Worlds</a></li> <li>Short track speed skating: <a href="/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating_at_the_Winter_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Short track speed skating at the Winter Olympics">Olympics</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Short Track Speed Skating Championships">Worlds</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Figure_skating" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Figure_skating" title="Template:Figure skating"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Figure_skating" title="Template talk:Figure skating"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Figure_skating" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Figure skating"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Figure_skating" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">Figure skating</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Skating Union (ISU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_figure_skating" title="International figure skating">National federations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_World_Standings_and_Season%27s_World_Ranking" title="ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking">World Standings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_records_and_statistics" title="Figure skating records and statistics">Records and statistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitive skating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_figure_skating_terms" title="Glossary of figure skating terms">Glossary of terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_figure_skating" title="History of figure skating">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skate" title="Figure skate">Figure skate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_rink" title="Figure skating rink">Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_club" title="Figure skating club">Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_competition" title="Figure skating competition">Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_season" title="Figure skating season">Season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Judging_System" title="ISU Judging System">ISU Judging System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6.0_system" title="6.0 system">6.0 system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_skating" title="Single skating">Single skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pair_skating" title="Pair skating">Pair skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_dance" title="Ice dance">Ice dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_skating" title="Synchronized skating">Synchronized skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_skating" title="Four skating">Four skating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Segments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_figures" title="Compulsory figures">Compulsory figures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demise_and_revival_of_compulsory_figures" title="Demise and revival of compulsory figures">Demise and revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_figures" title="Special figures">Special figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_program_(figure_skating)" title="Short program (figure skating)">Short program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_skating" title="Free skating">Free skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_dance" title="Compulsory dance">Compulsory dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_dance" title="Original dance">Original dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_dance" title="Rhythm dance">Rhythm dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_dance_(ice_dance)" title="Free dance (ice dance)">Free dance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles, pairs and ice dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Figure skating at the Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="World Figure Skating Championships">World Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="European Figure Skating Championships">European Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Continents_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="Four Continents Figure Skating Championships">Four Continents Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating" title="ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating">Grand Prix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final" title="Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final">Final</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Challenger_Series" title="ISU Challenger Series">Challenger Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_World_Team_Trophy_in_Figure_Skating" title="ISU World Team Trophy in Figure Skating">World Team Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_Youth_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Figure skating at the Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="World Junior Figure Skating Championships">World Junior Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix" title="ISU Junior Grand Prix">Junior Grand Prix</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix_Final" title="ISU Junior Grand Prix Final">Final</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synchronized skating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISU_World_Synchronized_Skating_Championships" title="ISU World Synchronized Skating Championships">World Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_World_Junior_Synchronized_Skating_Championships" title="ISU World Junior Synchronized Skating Championships">World Junior Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Junior_World_Challenge_Cup" title="ISU Junior World Challenge Cup">Junior World Challenge Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISU_Synchronized_Skating_Challenger_Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISU Synchronized Skating Challenger Series (page does not exist)">Challenger Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements and other moves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Required elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choreographic_sequence" title="Choreographic sequence">Choreographic sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_spiral_(figure_skating)" title="Death spiral (figure skating)">Death spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_jumps" title="Figure skating jumps">Jumps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_lifts" title="Figure skating lifts">Lifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_spins" title="Figure skating spins">Spins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Step_sequence" title="Step sequence">Step sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twizzle" title="Twizzle">Twizzle turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_elements_in_ice_dance" title="Competition elements in ice dance">Competition elements in ice dance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jumps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axel_jump" title="Axel jump">Axel jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euler_jump" title="Euler jump">Euler jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip_jump" title="Flip jump">Flip jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loop_jump" title="Loop jump">Loop jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutz_jump" title="Lutz jump">Lutz jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salchow_jump" title="Salchow jump">Salchow jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_loop_jump" title="Toe loop jump">Toe loop jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadruple_jump" title="Quadruple jump">Quadruple jump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upright_spin" title="Upright spin">Upright spin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Layback_spin" title="Layback spin">Layback spin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biellmann_spin" title="Biellmann spin">Biellmann spin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sit_spin" title="Sit spin">Sit spin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_spin" title="Camel spin">Camel spin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steps, turns and basic strokes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_turn" class="mw-redirect" title="Three turn">Three turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracket_turn" title="Bracket turn">Bracket turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_turn" title="Choctaw turn">Choctaw turn</a> (S step)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_turn" title="Counter turn">Counter turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_(figure_skating)" title="Crossover (figure skating)">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loop_turn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loop turn (page does not exist)">Loop turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_turn" title="Mohawk turn">Mohawk turn</a> (C step)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocker_turn" title="Rocker turn">Rocker turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backflip_(figure_skating)" title="Backflip (figure skating)">Backflip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Moves in the field</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besti_squat" title="Besti squat">Besti squat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantilever_(figure_skating)" title="Cantilever (figure skating)">Cantilever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroblading" title="Hydroblading">Hydroblading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_Bauer_(element)" title="Ina Bauer (element)">Ina Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_spirals" title="Figure skating spirals">Spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_eagle_(figure_skating)" title="Spread eagle (figure skating)">Spread eagle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professional skating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_show" title="Ice show">Ice shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_theatre" title="Ice theatre">Ice theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Professional_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="World Professional Figure Skating Championships">World Professional Figure Skating Championships</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_figure_skating" title="Adult figure skating">Adult figure skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_in_figure_skating" title="Doping in figure skating">Doping in figure skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_changes_in_figure_skating" title="Country changes in figure skating">Country changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(figure_skating)" title="Grand Slam (figure skating)">Grand Slam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_and_cry" title="Kiss and cry">Kiss and cry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Figure_Skating_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Figure Skating Hall of Fame">World Figure Skating Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Figure_Sport_Society" title="World Figure Sport Society">World Figure Sport Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figure_skaters_(men%27s_singles)" title="List of figure skaters (men's singles)">Figure skaters (men)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figure_skaters_(women%27s_singles)" title="List of figure skaters (women's singles)">Figure skaters (women)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figure_skaters_(pair_skating)" title="List of figure skaters (pair skating)">Figure skaters (pairs)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figure_skaters_(ice_dance)" title="List of figure skaters (ice dance)">Figure skaters (ice dance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_figure_skating" title="List of Olympic venues in figure skating">Olympic venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figure_skating_competitions" title="List of figure skating competitions">Competitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_scores_in_figure_skating" title="List of highest scores in figure skating">Highest scores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_historical_scores_in_figure_skating" title="List of highest historical scores in figure skating">Highest historical scores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_junior_scores_in_figure_skating" title="List of highest junior scores in figure skating">Highest junior scores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_historical_junior_scores_in_figure_skating" title="List of highest historical junior scores in figure skating">Highest historical junior scores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film & TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blades_of_Glory" title="Blades of Glory">Blades of Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cutting_Edge" title="The Cutting Edge">The Cutting Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Princess" title="Ice Princess">Ice Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_Out" title="Spinning Out">Spinning Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_on_Ice" title="Yuri on Ice">Yuri on Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_Chill" title="Zero Chill">Zero Chill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Figure_skating" title="Category:Figure skating">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Figure_skating" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Figure skating">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_championships_in_speed_skating" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_skate_champs" title="Template:World skate champs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_skate_champs" title="Template talk:World skate champs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_skate_champs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World skate champs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_championships_in_speed_skating" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Speed Skating Championships">World championships</a> in <a href="/wiki/Speed_skating" title="Speed skating">speed skating</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Allround_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Allround Speed Skating Championships">Allround</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Allround_Speed_Skating_Championships_for_Men" title="World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Men">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Allround_Speed_Skating_Championships_for_Women" title="World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Women">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Junior Speed Skating Championships">Juniors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Sprint_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Sprint Speed Skating Championships">Sprint</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Sprint_Speed_Skating_Championships_for_Men" title="World Sprint Speed Skating Championships for Men">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Sprint_Speed_Skating_Championships_for_Women" title="World Sprint Speed Skating Championships for Women">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Single_Distances_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships">Single distances</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Single_Distances_Speed_Skating_Championships_for_Men" title="World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships for Men">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Single_Distances_Speed_Skating_Championships_for_Women" title="World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships for Women">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Short Track Speed Skating Championships">Short track</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Short Track Speed Skating Championships">World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_Team_Championships" title="World Short Track Speed Skating Team Championships">Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Short_Track_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships">Juniors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543115#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543115#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543115#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000107060207">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/128922656">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/210079-4">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50037236">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/xv8ckx0g546x3cq">Sweden</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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