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mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_si.wikipedia.org&uselang=si" class="">පරිත්‍යාග</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%A7&returnto=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%3AIPA%2FEnglish" title="ඔබ ගිණුමක් තනා පිවිසෙන්නේ නම් මැනවි; කෙසේ වුවත්, එය අනිවාර්ය නොවේ." class="">ගිණුමක් තනන්න</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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[o]" accesskey="o" class="">පිවිසෙන්න</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="පුද්ගලික මෙවලම්" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > පුද්ගලික මෙවලම් </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_si.wikipedia.org&uselang=si">පරිත්‍යාග</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%A7&returnto=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%3AIPA%2FEnglish" title="ඔබ ගිණුමක් තනා පිවිසෙන්නේ නම් මැනවි; කෙසේ වුවත්, එය අනිවාර්ය නොවේ."> ගිණුමක් තනන්න</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BA&returnto=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%3AIPA%2FEnglish" title="අඩවියට පිවිසීමට ඔබව දිරිගැන්වේ. එහෙත් පිවිසීම අනිවාර්ය නොවේ. [o]" accesskey="o"> පිවිසෙන්න</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">දායකත්වයන්</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="මෙම අන්තර්ජාල ලිපිනයෙන් කර ඇති සංස්කරණයන් පිළිබඳ සාකච්ඡාව [n]" accesskey="n">සාකච්ඡාව</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Key" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Key </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialect_variation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialect_variation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Dialect variation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialect_variation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_transcriptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_transcriptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Other transcriptions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_transcriptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">උදවු:IPA/English</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" > Add languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:NewItem?site=siwiki&page=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%3AIPA%2FEnglish" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">බැඳියන් එක්කරන්න</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="නාම අවකාශ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-help" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA/English" title="උදවු පිටුව නරඹන්න [c]" accesskey="c">උදවු පිටුව</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80:IPA/English&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="අන්තර්ගත පිටුව පිළිබඳ සාකච්ඡාව (පිටුව නොපවතියි) [t]" accesskey="t">සාකච්ඡාව</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >සිංහල </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="දසුන්"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA/English">කියවන්න</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA/English&action=edit" title="මෙම පිටුවේ ප්‍රභව කේතයන් සංස්කරණය කරන්න [e]" accesskey="e">සංස්කරණය</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA/English&action=history" title="මෙම පිටුවේ පෙර සංශෝධන [h]" accesskey="h">ඉතිහාසය බලන්න</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="මෙවලම්" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >මෙවලම් </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="subpages">< <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA" title="උදවු:IPA">උදවු:IPA</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="si" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Key" data-mw-thread-id="h-Key">Key</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA/English&action=edit&section=1" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: Key">සංස්කරණය</a>]</div> If there is an IPA symbol you are looking for that you do not see here, see <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA" title="උදවු:IPA">Help:IPA</a>, which is a more complete list. For a table listing all spellings of the sounds on this page, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=English_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="English orthography (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">English orthography § Sound-to-spelling correspondences</a>. For help converting spelling to pronunciation, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=English_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="English orthography (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">English orthography § Spelling-to-sound correspondences</a>. The words given as examples for two different symbols may sound the same to you. For example, you may pronounce <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cot%E2%80%93caught_merger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cot–caught merger (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">cot and caught the same</a>, do and dew, or marry and merry. This often happens because of dialect variation (see our articles <a href="/w/index.php?title=English_phonology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="English phonology (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">English phonology</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects</a>). If this is the case, you will pronounce those symbols the same for other words as well.<a href="#cite_note-localterms-1">[1]</a> Whether this is true for all words, or just when the sounds occur in the same context, depends on the merger.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The footnotes explain some of these cases. <table style="background:none"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:90%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consonant (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Consonants</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em">IPA</th> <th>Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td>b </td> <td style="text-align: left">buy, cab </td></tr> <tr> <td>d </td> <td style="text-align: left">dye, cad, ladder<a href="#cite_note-flapping-3">[3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>dj </td> <td style="text-align: left">dew<a href="#cite_note-yod-4">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>dʒ </td> <td style="text-align: left">giant, badge </td></tr> <tr> <td>ð </td> <td style="text-align: left">thy, breathe, father </td></tr> <tr> <td>f </td> <td style="text-align: left">fan, leaf </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɡ </td> <td style="text-align: left">guy, bag </td></tr> <tr> <td>h </td> <td style="text-align: left">high, ahead </td></tr> <tr> <td>hw </td> <td style="text-align: left">whine<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>j<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left">yes, hallelujah </td></tr> <tr> <td>k </td> <td style="text-align: left">sky, crack </td></tr> <tr> <td>l </td> <td style="text-align: left">lie, sly, gal<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>lj </td> <td style="text-align: left">lute<a href="#cite_note-yod-4">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>m </td> <td style="text-align: left">my, smile, cam </td></tr> <tr> <td>n </td> <td style="text-align: left">nigh, snide, can </td></tr> <tr> <td>nj </td> <td style="text-align: left">new<a href="#cite_note-yod-4">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ŋ </td> <td style="text-align: left">sang, sink, singer </td></tr> <tr> <td>p </td> <td style="text-align: left">pie, spy, cap </td></tr> <tr> <td>r<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left">rye, try, very </td></tr> <tr> <td>s </td> <td style="text-align: left">sigh, mass </td></tr> <tr> <td>sj </td> <td style="text-align: left">consume<a href="#cite_note-yod-4">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʃ </td> <td style="text-align: left">shy, cash, emotion </td></tr> <tr> <td>t </td> <td style="text-align: left">tie, sty, cat, latter<a href="#cite_note-flapping-3">[3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>tj </td> <td style="text-align: left">tune<a href="#cite_note-yod-4">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>tʃ </td> <td style="text-align: left">China, catch </td></tr> <tr> <td>θ </td> <td style="text-align: left">thigh, path </td></tr> <tr> <td>θj </td> <td style="text-align: left">enthuse<a href="#cite_note-yod-4">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>v </td> <td style="text-align: left">vine, leave </td></tr> <tr> <td>w </td> <td style="text-align: left">wine, swine </td></tr> <tr> <td>z </td> <td style="text-align: left">zoo, has </td></tr> <tr> <td>zj </td> <td style="text-align: left">Zeus<a href="#cite_note-yod-4">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʒ </td> <td style="text-align: left">pleasure, beige<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px; background: #fff"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marginal_phoneme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marginal phoneme (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Marginal segments</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td>x </td> <td style="text-align: left">ugh, loch, Chanukah<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʔ </td> <td style="text-align: left">uh-oh /ˈʔʌʔoʊ/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɒ̃ </td> <td style="text-align: left">bon vivant<a href="#cite_note-nasalvowel-12">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>æ̃ </td> <td style="text-align: left">fin de siècle<a href="#cite_note-nasalvowel-12">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɜː </td> <td style="text-align: left">Möbius (UK only)<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vowel (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Strong vowels</th> <th colspan="2">...followed by R<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples</th> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td>ɑː </td> <td style="text-align: left">PALM, bra </td> <td>ɑːr </td> <td style="text-align: left">START </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɒ </td> <td style="text-align: left">LOT, blockade, song<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> </td> <td>ɒr </td> <td style="text-align: left">moral<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>æ </td> <td style="text-align: left">TRAP, tattoo, sang<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> </td> <td>ær </td> <td style="text-align: left">marry<a href="#cite_note-marymarrymerry-19">[17]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>aɪ </td> <td style="text-align: left">PRICE, pie<a href="#cite_note-CanadianRaising-20">[18]</a> </td> <td>aɪər </td> <td style="text-align: left">hire<a href="#cite_note-triphthong-21">[19]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>aʊ </td> <td style="text-align: left">MOUTH, how<a href="#cite_note-CanadianRaising-20">[18]</a> </td> <td>aʊər </td> <td style="text-align: left">flour<a href="#cite_note-triphthong-21">[19]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɛ </td> <td style="text-align: left">DRESS, prestige, length<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> </td> <td>ɛr </td> <td style="text-align: left">merry<a href="#cite_note-marymarrymerry-19">[17]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>eɪ </td> <td style="text-align: left">FACE </td> <td>ɛər </td> <td style="text-align: left">SQUARE, Mary<a href="#cite_note-marymarrymerry-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-centering-23">[21]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɪ </td> <td style="text-align: left">KIT, historic, sing<a href="#cite_note-strong-weak-26">[22]</a> </td> <td>ɪr </td> <td style="text-align: left">mirror </td></tr> <tr> <td>iː </td> <td style="text-align: left">FLEECE, pedigree, idea<a href="#cite_note-smoothing-28">[23]</a> </td> <td>ɪər </td> <td style="text-align: left">NEAR, serious<a href="#cite_note-centering-23">[21]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>oʊ </td> <td style="text-align: left">GOAT<a href="#cite_note-29">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-strong-weak-26">[22]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">ɔːr </td> <td style="text-align: left">FORCE, hoarse<a href="#cite_note-horse-30">[25]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɔː </td> <td style="text-align: left">THOUGHT<a href="#cite_note-31">[26]</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left">NORTH, horse<a href="#cite_note-horse-30">[25]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɔɪ </td> <td style="text-align: left">CHOICE </td> <td>ɔɪər </td> <td style="text-align: left">coir<a href="#cite_note-triphthong-21">[19]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʊ </td> <td style="text-align: left">FOOT </td> <td>ʊr </td> <td style="text-align: left">courier </td></tr> <tr> <td>uː </td> <td style="text-align: left">GOOSE, cruel<a href="#cite_note-smoothing-28">[23]</a> </td> <td>ʊər </td> <td style="text-align: left">tour, CURE (/ˈkjʊər/)<a href="#cite_note-32">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-centering-23">[21]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">ʌ </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: left">STRUT, untidy, trustee, sung<a href="#cite_note-33">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[29]</a> </td> <td>ɜːr </td> <td style="text-align: left">NURSE, blurry, urbane, foreword<a href="#cite_note-35">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʌr </td> <td style="text-align: left">hurry<a href="#cite_note-36">[31]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stress_and_vowel_reduction_in_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stress and vowel reduction in English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Weak vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples</th> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td>ə </td> <td style="text-align: left">COMMA, abbot, bazaar </td> <td>ər </td> <td style="text-align: left">LETTER, forward, history<a href="#cite_note-syllabic-37">[32]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɪ </td> <td style="text-align: left">rabbit, bizarre, Latin, heating<a href="#cite_note-strong-weak-26">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[33]</a> </td> <td>oʊ </td> <td style="text-align: left">motto, retroactive, follower<a href="#cite_note-strong-weak-26">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-schwa-w-42">[34]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>i </td> <td style="text-align: left">HAPPY, mediocre<a href="#cite_note-i-u-43">[35]</a> </td> <td>iə </td> <td style="text-align: left">California<a href="#cite_note-44">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>u </td> <td style="text-align: left">fruition<a href="#cite_note-schwa-w-42">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-i-u-43">[35]</a> </td> <td>uə </td> <td style="text-align: left">influence<a href="#cite_note-45">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syllabic_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syllabic consonant (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Syllabic consonants</a><a href="#cite_note-syllabic-37">[32]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples</th> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">əl </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: left">bottle (either [əl] or [l̩]) </td> <td>ən </td> <td style="text-align: left">button (either [ən] or [n̩]) </td></tr> <tr> <td>əm </td> <td style="text-align: left">rhythm (either [əm] or [m̩]) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px; background:#fff"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stress_(linguistics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stress (linguistics) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Stress</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[38]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syllabification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syllabification (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Syllabification</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples </th> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td>ˈ </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: left">intonation /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃən/ </td> <td rowspan="2">. </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: left">/ˈhaɪər/ hire, /ˈhaɪ.ər/ higher<a href="#cite_note-48">[39]</a> /ˈtæks.peɪər/ taxpayer </td></tr> <tr> <td>ˌ </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> Notes <ul><li>Words in SMALL CAPITALS are the standard <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexical_set&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexical set (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">lexical sets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lexicalsets-49">[40]</a></li> <li>The length mark ⟨ː⟩ does not mean that the vowels transcribed with it are always longer than those without it. When unstressed, followed by a voiceless consonant, or in a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polysyllabic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polysyllabic (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">polysyllabic</a> word, a vowel in the former group is frequently shorter than the latter in other environments (see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clipping_(phonetics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clipping (phonetics) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Clipping (phonetics) § English</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Dialect_variation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Dialect_variation">Dialect variation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA/English&action=edit&section=2" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: Dialect variation">සංස්කරණය</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r582804">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">වැඩිදුර තොරතුරු: <a href="/w/index.php?title=English_phonology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="English phonology (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">English phonology</a> සහ <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects</a></div> This key represents <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaphoneme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diaphoneme (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">diaphonemes</a>, abstractions of speech sounds that accommodate <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_American&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General American (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">General American</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Received_Pronunciation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Received Pronunciation (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Received Pronunciation</a> (RP) and to a large extent also <a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australian English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Australian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canadian English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Canadian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Irish</a> (including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulster_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulster English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Ulster</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Zealand English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scottish English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Scottish</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South African English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">South African</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welsh English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Welsh</a> pronunciations. Therefore, not all of the distinctions shown here are relevant to a particular dialect: <ul><li>⟨i⟩ does not represent a phoneme but a variation between /iː/ and /ɪ/ in unstressed positions. Speakers of dialects with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Happy_tensing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Happy tensing (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">happy tensing</a> (Australian English, General American, modern RP) should read it as an unstressed /iː/, whereas speakers of other dialects (e.g. some Northern England English) should treat it the same as /ɪ/. In Scotland, this vowel can be considered the same as the short allophone of /eɪ/, as in take. Before /ə/ within the same word, another possible pronunciation is /j/ as in yet.</li> <li>Many speakers of American and Canadian English pronounce cot /ˈkɒt/ and caught /ˈkɔːt/ the same.<a href="#cite_note-50">[j]</a> You may simply ignore the difference between the symbols /ɒ/ and /ɔː/, just as you ignore the distinction between the written vowels o and au when pronouncing them.</li> <li>Speakers of rhotic dialects (Irish English, North American English, Scottish English) do not distinguish between the vowels of near /ˈnɪər/, cure /ˈkjʊər/ and square /ˈskwɛər/ on the one hand and freerunning /ˈfriːrʌnɪŋ/, Q-rating /ˈkjuːreɪtɪŋ/ and dayroom /ˈdeɪruːm/ on the other. If you speak such a dialect, read /ɪər, ʊər, ɛər/ as /iːr, uːr, eɪr/.</li> <li>In Northern Ireland, Scotland and many North American dialects the distinction between /ʊr/ as in courier and the aforementioned /ʊər/ and /uːr/ does not exist. If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between /ʊr/, /ʊər/ and /uːr/. <ul><li>In Northern Ireland and Scotland this merger occurs in all environments, which means that foot /ˈfʊt/ and goose /ˈɡuːs/ also have the same vowel.<a href="#cite_note-51">[k]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[l]</a> If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between /ʊ/ and /uː/ in all contexts.</li> <li>In North America, the /ʊr/ of courier and the /ʊər/ of cure may instead merge with /ɔːr/ as in north or /ɜːr/ as in nurse. No such merger is possible in the case of the sequence which we transcribe as /uːr/ as there is an implied morpheme boundary after the length mark.</li> <li>In North American dialects that do not distinguish between /ʊr/, /ʊər/ and /uːr/ there is also no distinction between the /ɪr/ of mirror and the aforementioned /ɪər/ and /iːr/. If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between /ɪr/, /ɪər/ and /iːr/.</li> <li>In many North American dialects there is also no distinction between the vowels in merry /ˈmɛri/, Mary /ˈmɛəri/ and marry /ˈmæri/. If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between /ɛr/, /ɛər/ and /ær/. Some speakers keep marry and/or merry separate from the rest, but in the General American accent all three vowels are the same and may not be distinct from /eɪr/ as in dayroom /ˈdeɪruːm/.</li> <li>In rhotic North American English there is no distinction between the vowels in nurse /ˈnɜːrs/ and letter /ˈlɛtər/. If you speak such a dialect, read /ɜːr/ as /ər/. The /ʌr/ of hurry often joins this neutralization; if you have it in your speech, read /ɜːr/, /ər/ and /ʌr/ as /ər/.</li></ul></li> <li>Some speakers from Northern England do not distinguish the vowel of square /ˈskwɛər/ and nurse /ˈnɜːrs/.<a href="#cite_note-53">[m]</a> If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between the symbols /ɛər/ and /ɜːr/.</li> <li>In New Zealand English, the vowels of kit /ˈkɪt/ and focus /ˈfoʊkəs/ have the same <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwa (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">schwa</a>-like quality.<a href="#cite_note-54">[n]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[o]</a> If you are from New Zealand, ignore the difference between the symbols /ɪ/ and /ə/.</li> <li>In contemporary New Zealand English and some other dialects, the vowels of near /ˈnɪər/ and square /ˈskwɛər/ are not distinguished.<a href="#cite_note-56">[p]</a> If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between the symbols /ɪər/ and /ɛər/.</li> <li>In Northern England English, the vowels of foot /ˈfʊt/ and strut /ˈstrʌt/ are not distinguished.<a href="#cite_note-57">[q]</a> If you are from Northern England, ignore the difference between the symbols /ʊ/ and /ʌ/.</li> <li>In Welsh English and some other dialects, the vowels of unorthodoxy /ʌnˈɔːrθədɒksi/ and an orthodoxy /ən ˈɔːrθədɒksi/ are not distinguished.<a href="#cite_note-58">[r]</a> If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between the symbols /ʌ/ and /ə/.</li> <li>Depending on the dialect, vowels can be subject to various mergers before /l/, so that e.g. fill /ˈfɪl/ and feel /ˈfiːl/ or pull /ˈpʊl/ and pool /ˈpuːl/ may not be distinguished. <a href="/w/index.php?title=L-vocalization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-vocalization (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">L-vocalization</a> may trigger even more mergers, so that e.g. cord /ˈkɔːrd/ and called /ˈkɔːld/ may be homophonous as /ˈkɔːd/ in non-rhotic dialects of South East England. See <a href="/w/index.php?title=English-language_vowel_changes_before_historic_/l/&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="English-language vowel changes before historic /l/ (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">English-language vowel changes before historic /l/</a> for more information.</li> <li>In many dialects, /r/ occurs only before a vowel; if you speak such a dialect, simply ignore /r/ in the pronunciation guides where you would not pronounce it, as in cart /kɑːrt/.</li> <li>In other dialects, /j/ (yes) cannot occur after /t, d, n/, etc., within the same syllable; if you speak such a dialect, then ignore the /j/ in transcriptions such as new /njuː/. For example, New York is transcribed /njuː ˈjɔːrk/. For most people from England and for some New Yorkers, the /r/ in /jɔːrk/ is not pronounced; for most people from the United States, including some New Yorkers, the /j/ in /njuː/ is not pronounced and may be ignored. (See <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yod-dropping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yod-dropping (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">yod-dropping</a>.)</li></ul> On the other hand, there are some distinctions which you might make but which this key does not encode, as they are seldom reflected in the dictionaries used as sources for Wikipedia articles: <ul><li>The vowels of kit and bit, distinguished in South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-59">[s]</a> Both of them are transcribed as /ɪ/ in stressed syllables and as /ɪ/ or /ə/ in unstressed syllables.</li> <li>The difference between the vowels of fir, fur and fern, maintained in some <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scottish English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Scottish</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiberno-English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiberno-English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Irish English</a> but lost elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-scottishprer-60">[t]</a> All of them are transcribed as /ɜːr/.</li> <li>The vowels of north and force, distinguished in Scottish English, Irish English and by a minority of American speakers.<a href="#cite_note-scottishprer-60">[t]</a> Both of them are transcribed as /ɔːr/.</li> <li>The vowels of pause and paws, distinguished in Cockney and by some Estuary English speakers.<a href="#cite_note-61">[u]</a> Both of them are transcribed as /ɔː/ when the spelling does not contain ⟨r⟩ and /ɔːr/ or /ʊər/ (depending on the word) when it does.</li> <li>The vowels of manning and Manning, distinguished in some parts of the United States (see [[:/æ/ raising|/æ/ raising]]). Both of them are transcribed as /æ/.</li> <li>The difference between the vowels of pain and pane found in some English, Welsh, and Newfoundland dialects. Both of them are transcribed as /eɪ/.</li> <li>The difference between the vowels of holy and wholly found in Cockney and many Estuary English speakers.<a href="#cite_note-62">[v]</a> Both of them are transcribed as /oʊ/.</li> <li>Any <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allophone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allophone (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">allophonic</a> distinctions, such as: <ul><li>The vowels of bad and lad, distinguished in many parts of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australian English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Australia</a>. Both of them are transcribed as /æ/.</li> <li>The vowels of spider and spied her, distinguished in many parts of Scotland,<a href="#cite_note-63">[w]</a> plus many parts of North America. Both of them are transcribed as /aɪ/.</li> <li>The vowels of rider and writer, distinguished in most parts of Canada and many parts of the United States. Both of them are transcribed as /aɪ/.</li> <li>The vowels of powder and pouter distinguished in most parts of Canada and some parts of the United States. Both of them are transcribed as /aʊ/.</li> <li>Allophonic vowel length (including the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_vowel_length_rule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scottish vowel length rule (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Scottish vowel length rule</a>), as in knife /ˈnaɪf/ vs. knives /ˈnaɪvz/. Phonemic vowel length, which exists in some dialects and involves pairs such as /ɛ/ vs. /ɛər/ and /ə/ vs. /ɜːr/ is also not marked explicitly. /i/ and /u/ do not represent phonemes; see above.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flapping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flapping (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Flapping</a> in words such as better, which we write /ˈbɛtər/, rather than /ˈbɛdər/.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glottalization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glottalization (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Glottalization</a> in words such as jetlag and, in some accents, daughter, which we write /ˈdʒɛtlæɡ/ and /ˈdɔːtər/, rather than /ˈdʒɛʔlæɡ/ and /ˈdɔːʔər/. In this system, /ʔ/ is used only for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paralanguage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paralanguage (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">paralanguage</a> or in loanwords where it occurs phonemically in the original language.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-vocalization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-vocalization (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">L-vocalization</a> in words such as bottle and Alps, which we write /ˈbɒtəl/ and /ˈælps/, rather than /ˈbɒtʊ/ and /ˈæwps/.</li> <li>The difference between allophones of /ə/ in balance ([<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_central_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid central vowel (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ə</a>]) vs. the ones in about and Russia (and, in non-rhotic dialects, better), both of which may be closer to /ʌ/ in dialects with the foot-strut split (that is, [<a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-open_central_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-open central vowel (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ɐ</a>]) vs. the one in button (the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syllabic_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syllabic consonant (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">syllabicity</a> of the following consonant). All are transcribed as /ə/ in our system.</li> <li>The difference between the phonetic realization of English sounds (mostly vowels) in various dialects. Let's pick some grapes for Betty should be transcribed /lɛts ˈpɪk səm ˈɡreɪps fər ˈbɛti/ regardless of the variety of English and everyone should interpret that transcription according to their own dialect. Thus, a person from South East England will read it as something like [lɛʔs ˈpʰɪk səm ˈɡɹɛɪps fə ˈbɛtˢɪi], a Scot as [ɫɛts ˈpʰɪk səm ˈɡɾeps fɚ ˈbɛte], whereas someone from New Zealand will interpret that transcription as [ɫɪts ˈpʰək səm ˈɡɹæɪps fə ˈbɪɾi]. Because we are transcribing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaphoneme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diaphoneme (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">diaphonemes</a> rather than <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phone_(phonetics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phone (phonetics) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">phones</a> (actual sounds), it is irrelevant that, for example, the vowel in let's as pronounced by someone from New Zealand overlaps with how people with England and Scotland typically pronounce the first vowel in pick, or that the Scottish realization of /r/ after /ɡ/ overlaps with the New Zealand realization of /t/ between vowels. In other words, the symbol ⟨ɛ⟩ does not stand specifically for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">open-mid front unrounded vowel</a> in our system but any vowel that can be identified as the vowel in let's, depending on the accent. This is also why we use the simple symbol ⟨r⟩ for the second sound in grapes.</li></ul></li></ul> Other words may have different vowels depending on the speaker. The pronunciation of the /æ/ vowel in most dialects of Scotland, Northern Ireland, Northern England and Wales has always been closer to [<a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open front unrounded vowel (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">a</a>]. Received Pronunciation has moved away from the traditional near-open front realization [<a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">æ</a>] towards almost fully open front realization [<a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open front unrounded vowel (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">a</a>], and both the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> and the 2014 edition of Gimson's Pronunciation of English transcribe the vowel in lad, bad, cat, trap with /a/.<a href="#cite_note-64">[x]</a> For more extensive information on dialect variations, you may wish to see the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">IPA chart for English dialects</a>. Note that place names are not generally exempted from being transcribed in this abstracted system, so rules such as the above must be applied in order to recover the local pronunciation. Examples include place names in much of England ending ‑ford, which although locally pronounced [‑fəd] are transcribed /‑fərd/. This is best practice for editors. However, readers should be aware that not all editors may have followed this consistently, so for example if /‑fəd/ is encountered for such a place name, it should not be interpreted as a claim that the /r/ would be absent even in a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhoticity_in_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhoticity in English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">rhotic</a> dialect. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Other_transcriptions" data-mw-thread-id="h-Other_transcriptions">Other transcriptions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA/English&action=edit&section=3" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: Other transcriptions">සංස්කරණය</a>]</div> If you feel it is necessary to add a pronunciation respelling using another convention, then please use the conventions of <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="උදවු:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia's pronunciation respelling key</a>. <ul><li>To compare the following IPA symbols with non-IPA American dictionary conventions that may be more familiar, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pronunciation_respelling_for_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pronunciation respelling for English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Pronunciation respelling for English</a>, which lists the pronunciation guides of fourteen English dictionaries published in the United States.</li> <li>To compare the following IPA symbols with other IPA conventions that may be more familiar, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA/Conventions_for_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="උදවු:IPA/Conventions for English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Help:IPA/Conventions for English</a>, which lists the conventions of eight English dictionaries published in Britain, Australia, and the United States.</li></ul> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-localterms-1"><a href="#cite_ref-localterms_1-0">^</a> This rule is generally employed in the pronunciation guide of our articles, even for local terms such as place names. However, be aware that not all editors may have followed this consistently, so for example if a pronunciation of an English town ending in ‑ford reads /‑fəd/, it doesn't mean that the /r/ would be absent in a rhotic dialect. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> For example, if you have the marry–merry merger, you probably only merge /æ/ and /ɛ/ before /r/. You would still distinguish man and men. </li> <li id="cite_note-flapping-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flapping_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-flapping_3-1">b</a> In varieties with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flapping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flapping (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">flapping</a>, /t/ and sometimes also /d/ between a vowel and a weak or word-initial vowel may be pronounced with a voiced tap [<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ɾ</a>], making latter sound similar or identical to ladder. Some dictionaries transcribe /t/ subject to this process as ⟨d⟩ or ⟨t̬⟩, but they are not distinguished in this transcription system. In those varieties, the sequence /nt/ in the same environment may also be realized as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasalized&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasalized (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">nasalized</a> tap [<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_nasal_tap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar nasal tap (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ɾ̃</a>], making winter sound similar or identical to winner. This is also not distinguished in this system. </li> <li id="cite_note-yod-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yod_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yod_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yod_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yod_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yod_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yod_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yod_4-6">g</a> In dialects with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yod_dropping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yod dropping (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">yod dropping</a>, /j/ in /juː/, /ju/, or /jʊər/ is not pronounced after <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronal_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coronal consonant (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">coronal consonants</a> (/t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /n/, /θ/, and /l/) in the same syllable, so that dew /djuː/ is pronounced the same as do /duː/. In dialects with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yod_coalescence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yod coalescence (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">yod coalescence</a>, /tj/ and /dj/ mostly merge with /tʃ/ and /dʒ/, so that the first syllable in Tuesday is pronounced the same as choose. In some dialects /sj/ and /zj/ are also affected and frequently merge with /ʃ/ and /ʒ/. Where /j/ in /juː/, /ju/, or /jʊər/ following a coronal is still pronounced in yod-dropping accents, place a syllable break before it: menu /ˈmɛn.juː/. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> The phoneme /hw/ is not distinguished from /w/ in the many dialects with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wine%E2%80%93whine_merger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wine–whine merger (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">wine–whine merger</a>, such as RP and most varieties of General American. For more information on this sound, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_labialized_velar_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless labialized velar approximant (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">voiceless labialized velar approximant</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> The IPA value of the letter ⟨j⟩ may be counterintuitive to English speakers, but the spelling is found even in some common English words like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallelujah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallelujah (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">hallelujah</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fjord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fjord (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">fjord</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> /l/ in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syllable_coda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syllable coda (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">syllable coda</a>, as in the words all, cold, or bottle, is pronounced as [<a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">o</a>], [<a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close back rounded vowel (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">u</a>], [<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">w</a>] or a similar sound in many dialects through <a href="/w/index.php?title=L-vocalization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-vocalization (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">L-vocalization</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> In most varieties of English, /r/ is pronounced as an approximant [ɹ]. Although the IPA symbol ⟨r⟩ represents the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_trill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar trill (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">alveolar trill</a>, ⟨r⟩ is widely used instead of ⟨ɹ⟩ in broad transcriptions of English. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> A number of English words, such as genre and garage, may be pronounced with either /ʒ/ or /dʒ/. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> In most dialects, /x/ can also be replaced by /k/ in most words, including loch. It is also replaced with /h/ in some words, particularly of Yiddish origin, such as Chanukah. </li> <li id="cite_note-nasalvowel-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nasalvowel_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasalvowel_12-1">b</a> /ɒ̃, æ̃/ are only found in French loanwords and often replaced by another vowel and a nasal consonant: bon vivant /ˌbɒn viːˈvɒnt/, ensemble /ɒnˈsɒmbəl/, etc.<a href="#cite_note-11">[a]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> /ɜː/ is only found in loanwords and represents a situation where such an r-less vowel is used only in British or Southern Hemisphere accents, and therefore a transcription that includes it must always be prefaced with a label indicating the variety of English. It is to be used only when a reliable source shows that General American has a different vowel in the same position. If r-ful NURSE is used even in GA, even if spelled without ⟨r⟩, as in Goethe and hors d'oeuvre, use /ɜːr/. /ɜː/ is also not the same as ⟨œ⟩ seen in some American dictionaries. ⟨œ⟩ in those dictionaries is merely a notational convention and does not correspond to any vowel in any accent of English, so a transcription containing ⟨œ⟩ cannot be converted to one that uses this key. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhotic_and_non-rhotic_accents&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhotic and non-rhotic accents (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">non-rhotic accents</a> like RP, /r/ is not pronounced unless followed by a vowel. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> In dialects with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Father%E2%80%93bother_merger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Father–bother merger (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">father–bother merger</a> such as General American, /ɒ/ is not distinguished from /ɑː/. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> In most of the United States, /ɒr/ is merged with /ɔːr/, except for a handful of words such as borrow, tomorrow and sorry, which instead have /ɑːr/. In some parts of the Southern and Northeastern US, it is always merged with /ɑːr/. In Canada, it is always merged with /ɔːr/. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> In North America, /æ/ is often pronounced like a diphthong [eə~ɛə] before nasal consonants and, in some particular regional dialects, other environments. See [[:/æ/ raising|/æ/ raising]]. </li> <li id="cite_note-marymarrymerry-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marymarrymerry_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marymarrymerry_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marymarrymerry_19-2">c</a> Many North American accents have the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary%E2%80%93marry%E2%80%93merry_merger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary–marry–merry merger (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Mary–marry–merry merger</a> and therefore don't distinguish between the corresponding sounds /ɛər/, /ær/, and /ɛr/. Some speakers merge only two of the sounds (most typically /ɛər/ with one of the short vowels), and less than a fifth of speakers of American English make a full three-way distinction like in RP and similar accents.<a href="#cite_note-18">[b]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-CanadianRaising-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CanadianRaising_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CanadianRaising_20-1">b</a> In much of North America, /aɪ/ or /aʊ/ may have a slightly different quality when it precedes a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">voiceless</a> consonant, as in price or mouth, from that in ride/pie or loud/how, a phenomenon known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_raising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canadian raising (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Canadian raising</a>. Since this occurs in a predictable fashion, it is not distinguished in this transcription system. </li> <li id="cite_note-triphthong-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-triphthong_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-triphthong_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-triphthong_21-2">c</a> Some speakers pronounce higher, flower and coyer ("more coy") with two syllables, and hire, flour and coir with one. Most pronounce them the same. For the former group of words, make use of syllable breaks, as in /ˈhaɪ.ər/, /ˈflaʊ.ər/, /ˈkɔɪ.ər/, to differentiate from the latter. Also, the distinction between /aɪər, aʊər, ɔɪər/ and /aɪr, aʊr, ɔɪr/ is not always clear; choose the former if the second element may be omitted (as in [ˈdaəri] diary). </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> /ɛ/ is transcribed with ⟨e⟩ in many dictionaries. However, /eɪ/ is also sometimes transcribed with ⟨e⟩, especially in North American literature, so ⟨ɛ⟩ is chosen here. </li> <li id="cite_note-centering-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-centering_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-centering_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-centering_23-2">c</a> /ɛə/, /ɪə/, or /ʊə/ may be separated from /r/ only when a stress follows it. The <a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:IPAc-en" title="සැකිල්ල:IPAc-en">IPAc-en</a> template supports /ɛəˈr/, /ɪəˈr/, /ʊəˈr/, /ɛəˌr/, /ɪəˌr/, and /ʊəˌr/ as distinct diaphonemes for such occasions. </li> <li id="cite_note-strong-weak-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-strong-weak_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strong-weak_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strong-weak_26-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strong-weak_26-3">d</a> /ɪ/ and /oʊ/ may be strong or weak depending on context.<a href="#cite_note-24">[c]</a> Whether an instance of unstressed /ɪ/ is strong or weak may not be clear in some circumstances.<a href="#cite_note-25">[d]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-smoothing-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smoothing_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-smoothing_28-1">b</a> Words like idea, real, theatre, and cruel may be pronounced with /ɪə/ or /ʊə/ in non-rhotic accents such as Received Pronunciation, and some dictionaries transcribe them with /ɪə, ʊə/,<a href="#cite_note-wells-smoothing-27">[e]</a> but since they are not pronounced with /r/ in rhotic accents, they should be transcribed with /iːə, uːə/, not with /ɪə, ʊə/, in this transcription system. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> /oʊ/ is often transcribed with ⟨əʊ⟩, particularly in British literature, based on its modern realization in Received Pronunciation. It is also transcribed with ⟨o⟩, particularly in North American literature. </li> <li id="cite_note-horse-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-horse_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-horse_30-1">b</a> Some conservative dialects make a distinction between the vowels in horse and hoarse, but the number of speakers who make this distinction any longer is very small and many dictionaries do not differentiate between them (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Horse%E2%80%93hoarse_merger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horse–hoarse merger (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">horse–hoarse merger</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> /ɔː/ is not distinguished from /ɒ/ in dialects with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cot%E2%80%93caught_merger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cot–caught merger (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">cot–caught merger</a> such as Scottish English, Canadian English and many varieties of General American. In North America, the two vowels most often fall together with /ɑː/. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> /ʊər/ is not distinguished from /ɔːr/ in dialects with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cure%E2%80%93force_merger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cure–force merger (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">cure–force merger</a>, including many younger speakers. In England, the merger may not be fully consistent and may only apply to more common words. In conservative RP and Northern England English /ʊər/ is much more commonly preserved than in modern RP and Southern England English. In Australia and New Zealand, /ʊər/ does not exist as a separate phoneme and is replaced either by the sequence /uːər/ (/uːr/ before vowels within the same word, save for some compounds) or the monophthong /ɔːr/. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Some, particularly North American, dictionaries notate /ʌ/ with the same symbol as /ə/, which is found only in unstressed syllables, and distinguish it from /ə/ by marking the syllable as stressed. Also note that although ⟨ʌ⟩, the IPA symbol for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">open-mid back vowel</a>, is used, the typical modern pronunciation is rather close to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-open_central_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-open central unrounded vowel (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">near-open central vowel</a> [ɐ] in most dialects, including Received Pronunciation and General American. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> /ʌ/ is not used in the dialects of the northern half of England, some bordering parts of Wales, and some broad eastern Ireland accents. These words would take the /ʊ/ vowel: there is no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foot%E2%80%93strut_split&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foot–strut split (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">foot–strut split</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> In Received Pronunciation, /ɜːr/ is pronounced as a lengthened schwa, [əː]. In General American, it is phonetically identical to /ər/. Some dictionaries therefore use ⟨əː, ər⟩ instead of the conventional notations ⟨ɜː, ɜr⟩. When ⟨ər⟩ is used for /ɜːr/, it is distinguished from /ər/ by marking the syllable as stressed. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> /ʌr/ is not distinguished from /ɜːr/ in dialects with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurry%E2%80%93furry_merger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hurry–furry merger (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">hurry–furry merger</a> such as General American. </li> <li id="cite_note-syllabic-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-syllabic_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-syllabic_37-1">b</a> In a number of contexts, /ə/ in /ər/, /əl/, /ən/, or /əm/ is often omitted, resulting in a syllable with no vowel. Some dictionaries show /ə/ in those contexts in parentheses, superscript, or italics to indicate this possibility, or simply omit /ə/. When followed by a weak vowel, the syllable may be lost altogether, with the consonant moving to the next syllable, so that doubling /ˈdʌb.əl.ɪŋ/ may alternatively be pronounced as [ˈdʌb.lɪŋ], and Edinburgh /ˈɛd.ɪn.bər.ə/ as [ˈɛd.ɪn.brə].<a href="#cite_note-46">[i]</a> When not followed by a vowel, /ər/ merges with /ə/ in non-rhotic accents. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> In accents with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weak_vowel_merger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weak vowel merger (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">weak vowel merger</a> such as most Australian and American accents, /ɪ/ in unstressed positions is not distinguished from /ə/, making rabbit and abbot rhyme and Lenin and Lennon homophonous. Pairs like roses and Rosa's are kept distinct in American accents because of the difference in morphological structure,<a href="#cite_note-38">[f]</a> but may be homophonous in Australian.<a href="#cite_note-39">[g]</a> In these accents, unstressed /ɪl, ɪn, ɪm/ merge with /əl, ən, əm/, so that the second vowel in Latin may be lost and cabinet may be disyllabic (see the previous note). </li> <li id="cite_note-schwa-w-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schwa-w_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schwa-w_42-1">b</a> /oʊ/ and /u/ in unstressed, prevocalic positions are transcribed as /əw/ by Merriam-Webster, but no other dictionary uniformly follows this practice.<a href="#cite_note-41">[h]</a> Hence a difference between /əw/ in Merriam-Webster and /oʊ/ or /u/ in another source is most likely one in notation, not in pronunciation, so /əw/ in such cases may be better replaced with /oʊ/ or /u/ accordingly, to minimize confusion: /ˌsɪtʃəˈweɪʃən/ → /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃən/, /ˈfɒləwər/ → /ˈfɒloʊər/. </li> <li id="cite_note-i-u-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-i-u_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-i-u_43-1">b</a> ⟨i⟩ represents variation between /iː/ and /ɪ/ in unstressed prevocalic or morpheme-final positions. It is realized with a quality closer to /iː/ in accents with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Happy_tensing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Happy tensing (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">happy tensing</a>, such as Australian English, General American, and modern RP, and to /ɪ/ in others. ⟨u⟩ likewise represents variation between /uː/ and /ʊ/ in unstressed prevocalic positions. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> The sequence ⟨iə⟩ may be pronounced as two syllables, [i.ə] or [ɪ.ə], or as one, [jə] or [ɪə̯]. When pronounced as one syllable in a non-rhotic accent, it may be indistinguishable from, and identified as, the NEAR vowel (/ɪər/).<a href="#cite_note-wells-smoothing-27">[e]</a> This transcription system uses ⟨iə⟩, not ⟨i.ə⟩, ⟨ɪə⟩, etc., to cover all these possibilities. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> The sequence ⟨uə⟩ may be pronounced as two syllables, [u.ə] or [ʊ.ə], or as one, [wə] or [ʊə̯]. When pronounced as one syllable in a non-rhotic accent, it may be indistinguishable from, and identified as, the CURE vowel (/ʊər/).<a href="#cite_note-wells-smoothing-27">[e]</a> This transcription system uses ⟨uə⟩, not ⟨u.ə⟩, ⟨ʊə⟩, etc., to cover all these possibilities. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> The IPA stress mark ⟨ˈ⟩ comes before the syllable that has the stress, in contrast to stress marking in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pronunciation_respelling_for_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pronunciation respelling for English (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">pronunciation keys of some dictionaries published in the United States</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Syllable divisions are not usually marked, but the IPA dot ⟨.⟩ may be used when it is wished to make explicit where a division between syllables is (or may be) made. </li> <li id="cite_note-lexicalsets-49"><a href="#cite_ref-lexicalsets_49-0">^</a> Not all of the sets defined in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexical_set&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexical set (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Wells Standard Lexical Sets for English</a> are used here. In particular, we excluded words in the lexical sets BATH and CLOTH, which may be given two transcriptions, the former either with /ɑː/ or /æ/, the latter with /ɒ/ or /ɔː/. </li> </ol> උපුටාදැක්වීම් දෝෂය: "lower-alpha" නම් කණ්ඩායම සඳහා <code><ref></code> ටැග පැවතුණත්, ඊට අදාළ <code><references group="lower-alpha"/></code> ටැග සොයාගත නොහැකි විය.    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=උදවු:IPA/English&oldid=482970">https://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=උදවු:IPA/English&oldid=482970</a>" වෙතින් සම්ප්‍රවේශනය කෙරිණි</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">සැඟවුණු ප්‍රවර්ග: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="ප්‍රවර්ගය:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="ප්‍රවර්ගය:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA:Pages_with_reference_errors" title="ප්‍රවර්ගය:Pages with reference errors">Pages with reference errors</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> මේ පිටුව අන්තිමට සැකසුවේ 29 මැයි 2021 දින දී, 11:58 වේලාවෙහිදීය.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">ක්‍රියේටිව් කොමන්ස් ඇට්‍රිබ්යුශන්/ශෙයා-අලයික් වරපතට</a> යටත්ව ඉහත පෙළ ඔබ වෙත සැපයෙයි; 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