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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_constitutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Federal_district_charter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_district_charter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Federal district charter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_district_charter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commonwealth_and_Territorial_constitutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commonwealth_and_Territorial_constitutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Commonwealth and Territorial constitutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commonwealth_and_Territorial_constitutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organic_acts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organic_acts"> <div 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">State constitutions in the United States</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile vcard plainlist" style="width:16.0em;width:22.0em; border: 4px double #d69d36; background:#ffffff;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:#000000;">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Politics of the United States">a series</a> on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#002868; background-clip:padding-box;"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;"><small>State governments <br />of the United States</small></span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_constitution_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="State constitution (United States)">State constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_U.S._state_and_territory_governments" title="Comparison of U.S. state and territory governments">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_territorial_capitols_in_the_United_States" title="List of state and territorial capitols in the United States">Statehouse</a></li></ul> <hr /></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; background-clip:padding-box; color:#ffffff;"> Executive</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_constitutional_officer" title="State constitutional officer">State executives</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">List</a>)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Other common officials:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">Attorney general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_auditor" title="State auditor">Auditor/Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">Lieutenant governor</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_lieutenant_governors" title="List of current United States lieutenant governors">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(U.S._state_government)" title="Secretary of state (U.S. state government)">Secretary of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_treasurer" title="State treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_commissioner" title="Agriculture commissioner">Agriculture commissioner</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._statewide_elected_officials" title="List of U.S. statewide elected officials">List of statewide elected officials</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; background-clip:padding-box; color:#ffffff;"> Legislative</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li>State representatives</li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_representatives_(Alabama_to_Missouri)" title="List of U.S. state representatives (Alabama to Missouri)">Alabama to Missouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_representatives_(Montana_to_Wyoming)" title="List of U.S. state representatives (Montana to Wyoming)">Montana to Wyoming</a>) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_senators" title="List of U.S. state senators">State senators</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">List of legislatures</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; background-clip:padding-box; color:#ffffff;"> Judiciary</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">State supreme court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">State court</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; background-clip:padding-box; color:#ffffff;"> Local offices</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_attorneys_by_county" class="mw-redirect" title="List of district attorneys by county">District attorney</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_state_gov" title="Template:US state gov"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:US_state_gov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:US state gov (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_state_gov" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US state gov"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the United States, each <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> has its own written constitution. </p><p>They are much longer than the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">United States Constitution</a>, which only contains 4,543 words. State constitutions are all longer than 8,000 words because they are more detailed regarding the day-to-day relationships between government and the people. The shortest is the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Vermont" title="Constitution of Vermont">Constitution of Vermont</a>, adopted in 1793 and currently 8,295 words long. The longest was <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>'s sixth <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Alabama" title="Constitution of Alabama"> constitution</a>, ratified in 1901, about 345,000 words long, but rewritten in 2022. Both the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal</a> and state constitutions are <a href="/wiki/Organic_law" title="Organic law">organic texts</a>: they are the fundamental blueprints for the legal and political organizations of the United States and the states, respectively. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a>) provides that "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." The <a href="/wiki/Guarantee_Clause" title="Guarantee Clause">Guarantee Clause</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_Four_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Four of the United States Constitution">Article 4</a> of the Constitution states that "The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republican Form of Government</a>." These two provisions indicate states did not surrender their wide latitude to adopt a constitution, the fundamental documents of <a href="/wiki/State_law_(United_States)" title="State law (United States)">state law</a>, when the U.S. Constitution was adopted. </p><p>Typically state constitutions address a wide array of issues deemed by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a> to be of sufficient importance to be included in the constitution rather than in an ordinary statute. Often modeled after the federal Constitution, they outline the structure of the <a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">state government</a> and typically establish a <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_rights" title="Bill of rights">bill of rights</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive branch</a> headed by a <a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">governor</a> (and often one or more other <a href="/wiki/State_constitutional_officer_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="State constitutional officer (United States)">officials</a>, such as a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">lieutenant governor</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">state attorney general</a>), a <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">state legislature</a>, and <a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">state courts</a>, including a <a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">state supreme court</a> (a few states have two high courts, one for civil cases, the other for criminal cases). They also provide general governmental framework for what each branch is supposed to do and how it should go about doing it. Additionally, many other provisions may be included. Many state constitutions, unlike the federal constitution, also begin with an <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_references_to_God" title="Constitutional references to God">invocation of God</a>. </p><p>Some states allow <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_amendment" title="Constitutional amendment">amendments to the constitution</a> by <a href="/wiki/Initiatives_and_referendums_in_the_United_States" title="Initiatives and referendums in the United States">initiative</a>. </p><p>Many states have had several constitutions over the course of their history. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territories of the United States</a> are "organized" and, thus, self-governing if the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> has passed an <a href="/wiki/Organic_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic Act">Organic Act</a>. Two of the 14 territories without <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">commonwealth</a> status — <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a> — are organized, but have not adopted their own constitutions. One unorganized territory, American Samoa, has its own constitution. The remaining 13 unorganized territories have no permanent populations and are either under direct control of the U.S. Government or operate as military bases. </p><p>The commonwealths of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI)</a> do not have organic acts but operate under local constitutions. Pursuant to the acquisition of Puerto Rico under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris,_1898" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Paris, 1898">Treaty of Paris, 1898</a>, the relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States is controlled by Article IV of the United States Constitution. Constitutional law in the CNMI is based upon a series of constitutional documents, the most important of which are the 1976 Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in political union with the United States of America, which controls the relationship between the CNMI and the United States;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the local commonwealth constitution, drafted in 1976, ratified by the people of the CNMI in March 1977, accepted by the United States Government in October 1977, and effective from 9 January 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_constitutions">List of constitutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_constitutions_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of constitutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a list of the current constitutions of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a> in the United States. Each entry shows the ordinal number of the current constitution, the official name of the current constitution, the date on which the current constitution took effect, and the estimated length of the current constitution. Also below are a description of organic instruments with respect to additional territory. </p><p>Constitutions of states that were independent countries prior to admission, and constitutions used by rebelling states participating in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> are not counted. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>General Information on State Constitutions<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Number of Ratified<br />Constitutions </th> <th>Official name </th> <th>Date of effect </th> <th>Estimated<br />length<br /><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">words?</span></a></i>]</sup> </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">7th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Alabama, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Alabama" title="Constitution of Alabama">Constitution of the State of Alabama</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001901-11-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 28, 1901</span> </td> <td>402,852</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-Alabama_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alabama-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Alaska, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Alaska" title="Constitution of Alaska">Constitution of the State of Alaska</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001959-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 1959</span> </td> <td>13,479</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Arizona, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona Constitution">Constitution of the State of Arizona</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001912-02-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 14, 1912</span> </td> <td>47,306</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Arkansas, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkansas Constitution">Constitution of the State of Arkansas</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001874-10-13-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">October 13, 1874</span> </td> <td>59,120</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2nd</td> <td><span data-sort-value="California, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/California_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="California Constitution">Constitution of the State of California</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001880-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 1, 1880</span> </td> <td>76,930</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Colorado, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_State_of_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the State of Colorado">Constitution of the State of Colorado</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001876-08-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 1, 1876</span> </td> <td>84,239</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2nd</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Connecticut, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut Constitution">Constitution of the State of Connecticut</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001965-12-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 30, 1965</span> </td> <td>16,401</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Delaware, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Constitution_of_1897" class="mw-redirect" title="Delaware Constitution of 1897">Constitution of the State of Delaware</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001897-06-10-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 10, 1897</span> </td> <td>25,445</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">5th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Florida, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Florida_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Constitution">Constitution of the State of Florida</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001969-01-07-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 7, 1969</span> </td> <td>49,230</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">10th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Georgia, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Constitution of Georgia (U.S. state)">Constitution of the State of Georgia</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001983-07-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 1, 1983</span> </td> <td>41,684</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Hawaii"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Hawaii" title="Constitution of Hawaii">Constitution of the State of Hawaii</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001959-08-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 21, 1959</span> </td> <td>21,498</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-Hawaii_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hawaii-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Idaho, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_State_of_Idaho#Law_and_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the State of Idaho">Constitution of the State of Idaho</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001890-07-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 3, 1890</span> </td> <td>24,626</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Illinois, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Constitution">Constitution of the State of Illinois</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001971-07-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 1, 1971</span> </td> <td>16,401</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2nd</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Indiana, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiana" title="Constitution of Indiana">Constitution of the State of Indiana</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001851-11-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 1, 1851</span> </td> <td>11,610</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2nd</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Iowa, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Iowa#Law_and_government" title="Iowa">Constitution of the State of Iowa</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001857-08-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 3, 1857</span> </td> <td>11,089</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Kansas, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wyandotte_Constitution" title="Wyandotte Constitution">Constitution of the State of Kansas</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001861-01-29-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 29, 1861</span> </td> <td>14,097</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-Kansas_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kansas-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Kentucky, Constitution of the Commonwealth of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Constitution">Constitution of the Commonwealth of Kentucky</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001891-08-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 3, 1891</span> </td> <td>27,234</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">11th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Louisiana, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana Constitution">Constitution of the State of Louisiana</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001975-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 1, 1975</span> </td> <td>76,730</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Maine, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Maine_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Maine Constitution">Constitution of the State of Maine</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001820-03-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 3, 1820</span> </td> <td>16,313</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-Maine_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Maryland, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Constitution">Constitution of the State of Maryland</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001867-10-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">October 5, 1867</span> </td> <td>43,198</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts, Constitution of the Commonwealth of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Massachusetts" title="Constitution of Massachusetts">Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001780-10-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">October 25, 1780</span> </td> <td>45,283</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-Massachusetts_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massachusetts-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Michigan, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Constitution">Constitution of the State of Michigan</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001964-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 1, 1964</span> </td> <td>31,164</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Minnesota, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Constitution" title="Minnesota Constitution">Constitution of the State of Minnesota</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001858-05-11-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 11, 1858</span> </td> <td>12,016</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Mississippi, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi Constitution">Constitution of the State of Mississippi</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001890-11-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 1, 1890</span> </td> <td>26,229</td> <td align="side"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Missouri, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Missouri" title="Constitution of Missouri">Constitution of the State of Missouri</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001945-03-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 30, 1945</span> </td> <td>84,924</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2nd</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Montana, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Montana_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana Constitution">Constitution of the State of Montana</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001973-07-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 1, 1973</span> </td> <td>12,790</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2nd</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Nebraska, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nebraska" title="Constitution of Nebraska">Constitution of the State of Nebraska</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001875-11-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 1, 1875</span> </td> <td>34,934</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Nevada, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nevada" title="Constitution of Nevada">Constitution of the State of Nevada</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001864-10-31-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">October 31, 1864</span> </td> <td>37,418</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">3rd</td> <td><span data-sort-value="New Hampshire, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire Constitution">Constitution of the State of New Hampshire</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001793-06-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 5, 1793</span><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>13,238</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-New_Hampshire_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Hampshire-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">3rd</td> <td><span data-sort-value="New Jersey, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey State Constitution">Constitution of the State of New Jersey</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001948-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 1, 1948</span> </td> <td>26,360</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="New Mexico, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_State_of_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the State of New Mexico">Constitution of the State of New Mexico</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001912-01-06-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 6, 1912</span> </td> <td>33,198</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="New York, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Constitution">Constitution of the State of New York</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001895-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 1, 1895</span> </td> <td>49,360</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-New_York_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">3rd</td> <td><span data-sort-value="North Carolina, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Carolina" title="Constitution of North Carolina">Constitution of the State of North Carolina</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001971-07-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 1, 1971</span> </td> <td>17,177</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="North Dakota, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="North Dakota Constitution">Constitution of the State of North Dakota</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001889-11-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 2, 1889</span> </td> <td>18,746</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2nd</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Ohio, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Constitution">Constitution of the State of Ohio</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001851-09-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 1, 1851</span> </td> <td>63,140</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Oklahoma, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma Constitution">Constitution of the State of Oklahoma</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001907-11-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 16, 1907</span> </td> <td>84,956</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Oregon, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Constitution">Constitution of the State of Oregon</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001859-02-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 14, 1859</span> </td> <td>49,430</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Pennsylvania, Constitution of the Commonwealth of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Constitution" title="Pennsylvania Constitution">Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001874-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 1, 1874</span> </td> <td>26,078</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-Pennsylvania_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennsylvania-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2nd</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Rhode Island, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhode Island Constitution">Constitution of the State of Rhode Island</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001987-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 1987</span> </td> <td>11,407</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">6th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="South Carolina, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina Constitution">Constitution of the State of South Carolina</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001896-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 1, 1896</span> </td> <td>27,421</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="South Dakota, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Dakota" title="Government of South Dakota">Constitution of the State of South Dakota</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001889-11-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 2, 1889</span> </td> <td>28,840</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">3rd</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Tennessee, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee State Constitution">Constitution of the State of Tennessee</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001870-03-26-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 26, 1870</span> </td> <td>13,960</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Texas, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Constitution">Constitution of the State of Texas</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001876-02-17-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 17, 1876</span> </td> <td>92,025</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-Texas_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Utah, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Utah" title="Constitution of Utah">Constitution of the State of Utah</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001896-01-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 4, 1896</span> </td> <td>20,700</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Vermont, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Vermont" title="Constitution of Vermont">Constitution of the State of Vermont</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001793-07-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 9, 1793</span> </td> <td>8,565</td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-Vermont_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vermont-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">7th</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Virginia, Constitution of the Commonwealth of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Virginia" title="Constitution of Virginia">Constitution of the Commonwealth of Virginia</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001971-07-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 1, 1971</span> </td> <td>22,570</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Washington, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington State Constitution">Constitution of the State of Washington</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001889-11-11-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 11, 1889</span> </td> <td>32,578</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2nd</td> <td><span data-sort-value="West Virginia, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="West Virginia Constitution">Constitution of the State of West Virginia</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001872-08-22-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 22, 1872</span> </td> <td>33,324</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Wisconsin, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisconsin Constitution">Constitution of the State of Wisconsin</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001848-05-29-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 29, 1848</span> </td> <td>15,102</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Wyoming, Constitution of the State of"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming#Law_and_government" title="Wyoming">Constitution of the State of Wyoming</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001890-07-10-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 10, 1890</span> </td> <td>26,349</td> <td align="center"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_district_charter">Federal district charter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_constitutions_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Federal district charter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Official name </th> <th>Date of effect </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1st</td> <td><span data-sort-value="District of Columbia, Charter of the"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Home_Rule_Act" title="District of Columbia Home Rule Act">Charter of the District of Columbia</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="000000001973-12-24-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 24, 1973</span></td> <td align="center"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Charter" title="Charter">charter</a> similar to charters of major cities, instead of having a constitution like the states and territories. The <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Home_Rule_Act" title="District of Columbia Home Rule Act">District of Columbia Home Rule Act</a> establishes the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Council of the District of Columbia">Council of the District of Columbia</a>, which governs the entire district and has certain devolved powers similar to those of major cities. Congress has full authority over the district and may amend the charter and any legislation enacted by the Council. Attempts at <a href="/wiki/D.C._Statehood" class="mw-redirect" title="D.C. Statehood">statehood for the District of Columbia</a> have included the drafting of three constitutions in 1982<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2016<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all referring to the district as the "State of <a href="/wiki/D.C._statehood_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="D.C. statehood movement">New Columbia</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commonwealth_and_Territorial_constitutions">Commonwealth and Territorial constitutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_constitutions_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Commonwealth and Territorial constitutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico">Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico</a>, July 25, 1952. It was ratified by Puerto Rico's electorate in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_constitutional_referendum,_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican constitutional referendum, 1952">a referendum</a> on March 3, 1952, approved by the United States Congress.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands">Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</a> was drafted by thirty-nine elected delegates meeting in a constitutional convention on <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a> in 1976. Their proposed constitution was subsequently ratified by Northern Mariana Islands voters on March 6, 1977, and became effective January 9, 1978. Pursuant to the provisions of Section 202 of the Covenant, the Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands was deemed to have been approved by the Government of the United States six months after the date of submission to the president. The six-month period having expired on October 22, 1977, President Carter issued a proclamation announcing the Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands was deemed approved.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Territory_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the Territory of American Samoa">Constitution of the Territory of American Samoa</a> was signed by 68 members of the 1960 constitutional convention and was approved by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">United States Secretary of the Interior</a> Fred Andrew Seaton on 27 April 1960. It became effective 17 October 1960. Several amendments to the Constitution were approved in a referendum in the general elections in 1966, subsequently by Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall on 2 June 1967, and became effective 1 July 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organic_acts">Organic acts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_constitutions_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Organic acts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Territory of Guam">Territory of Guam</a> does not have its own constitution, but operates under the <a href="/wiki/Guam_Organic_Act_of_1950" title="Guam Organic Act of 1950">Guam Organic Act of 1950</a> and other federal statutes.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">unincorporated organized territory</a>, does not have its own constitution, instead operating under various federal statutes. See <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Politics of the United States Virgin Islands">politics of the United States Virgin Islands</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_constitutions_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cost_of_Voting_Index" title="Cost of Voting Index">Cost of Voting Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_constitution_gubernatorial_qualifications_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="State constitution gubernatorial qualifications in the United States">State constitution gubernatorial qualifications in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_constitutions_in_Australia" title="State constitutions in Australia">State constitutions in Australia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_constitutions_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Alabama-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alabama_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excludes the 2022 recodification of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Alabama" title="Constitution of Alabama">Constitution of Alabama</a>. The Constitution of Alabama is currently the longest active written constitution in the world, more than two-and-a-half times the length of the second-longest (the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>). </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hawaii-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hawaii_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excludes the constitutions of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawai%CA%BBi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaiʻi">Kingdom of Hawaiʻi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawai%CA%BBi" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Hawaiʻi">Republic of Hawaiʻi</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kansas-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kansas_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Wyandotte_Constitution" title="Wyandotte Constitution">Wyandotte Constitution</a> supplanted the rejected <a href="/wiki/Topeka_Constitution" title="Topeka Constitution">Topeka Constitution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lecompton_Constitution" title="Lecompton Constitution">Lecompton Constitution</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leavenworth_Constitution" title="Leavenworth Constitution">Leavenworth Constitution</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maine-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maine_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excludes the 1876 recodification of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_State_of_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the State of Maine">Constitution of the State of Maine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Massachusetts-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Massachusetts_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Massachusetts" title="Constitution of Massachusetts">Constitution of Massachusetts</a> is currently the world's oldest written constitution that is still in effect.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Hampshire-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_Hampshire_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The first <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_State_of_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the State of New Hampshire">Constitution of the State of New Hampshire</a>, adopted on January 5, 1776, was the first written constitution for an independent state in the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> and set the stage for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a> the following summer.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_York-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_York_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excludes the 1938 recodification of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_State_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the State of New York">Constitution of the State of New York</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pennsylvania-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pennsylvania_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excludes the 1968 recodification of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania">Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Texas-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Texas_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excludes the constitutions of <a href="/wiki/Coahuila_y_Tejas" title="Coahuila y Tejas">Coahuila y Tejas</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vermont-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vermont_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excludes the two constitutions of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republic" title="Vermont Republic">Vermont Republic</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_constitutions_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnmilaw.org/covenant.html">"Covenant"</a>. June 17, 1975.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Covenant&rft.date=1975-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcnmilaw.org%2Fcovenant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+constitutions+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnmilaw.org/constitution.html">"Proclamations"</a>. January 9, 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proclamations&rft.date=1978-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcnmilaw.org%2Fconstitution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+constitutions+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/content/book-states-2019-chapter-1-state-constitutions?nopaging=1">"Book of the States 2019, Chapter 1: State Constitutions"</a>. <i>knowledgecenter.csg.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=knowledgecenter.csg.org&rft.atitle=Book+of+the+States+2019%2C+Chapter+1%3A+State+Constitutions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknowledgecenter.csg.org%2Fcontent%2Fbook-states-2019-chapter-1-state-constitutions%3Fnopaging%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+constitutions+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegreenpapers.com/slg/NH.html">"The Green Papers"</a>. <i>www.thegreenpapers.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thegreenpapers.com&rft.atitle=The+Green+Papers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegreenpapers.com%2Fslg%2FNH.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+constitutions+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dccode.westgroup.com/toc/default.wl?oFindType=V&oDocName=DC&oDB=DC%2DST%2DWEB%3BSTADC&DocName=DC010463193&FindType=X&DB=DC-TOC-WEB%3BSTADCTOC&RS=WLW2%2E07&VR=2%2E0">http://dccode.westgroup.com/toc/default.wl?oFindType=V&oDocName=DC&oDB=DC%2DST%2DWEB%3BSTADC&DocName=DC010463193&FindType=X&DB=DC-TOC-WEB%3BSTADCTOC&RS=WLW2%2E07&VR=2%2E0</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2010">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dccode.westgroup.com/Find/Default.wl?DocName=DCHINEWCOLUMBIACONSTITUTIONENACTED1987&FindType=W&DB=DC-TOC-WEB%3BSTADCTOC&RS=WLW2%2E07&VR=2%2E0">http://dccode.westgroup.com/Find/Default.wl?DocName=DCHINEWCOLUMBIACONSTITUTIONENACTED1987&FindType=W&DB=DC-TOC-WEB%3BSTADCTOC&RS=WLW2%2E07&VR=2%2E0</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2010">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouncil_of_the_District_of_Columbia2016" class="citation web cs1">Council of the District of Columbia (October 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statehood.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/statehood/publication/attachments/Constitution-of-the-State-of-Washington-DC.pdf">"Constitution and Boundaries for the State of Washington, D.C. Approval Resolution of 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+and+Boundaries+for+the+State+of+Washington%2C+D.C.+Approval+Resolution+of+2016&rft.date=2016-10-18&rft.au=Council+of+the+District+of+Columbia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatehood.dc.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdc%2Fsites%2Fstatehood%2Fpublication%2Fattachments%2FConstitution-of-the-State-of-Washington-DC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+constitutions+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/proclamations/04534.html">"Proclamations"</a>. October 24, 1977.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proclamations&rft.date=1977-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Ffederal-register%2Fcodification%2Fproclamations%2F04534.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+constitutions+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asbar.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1961&Itemid=177">"American Samoa Constitution"</a>. October 17, 1960.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Samoa+Constitution&rft.date=1960-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asbar.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D1961%26Itemid%3D177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+constitutions+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_constitutions_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Robinson Woodward-Burns. 2021. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1pdrr0m">Hidden Laws: How State Constitutions Stabilize American Politics.</a></i> Yale University Press.</li> <li>Hammons, Christopher W. (1999). Was James Madison wrong? Rethinking the American preference for short, framework-oriented constitutions. <i>American Political Science Review.</i> Dec. 1999. <i>- The appendices to this article contain substantial data on state constitutions.</i></li> <li>Webster, William Clarence (1897). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1009670">Comparative Study of the State Constitutions of the American Revolution</a>". <i>The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science</i>. <b>9</b>: 64–104.</li> <li>Bryce, James, <i>viscount</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QW2MVlHaPsQC&dq=Bryce,+James,+viscount.+The+American+Commonwealth&pg=PR1"><i>The American Commonwealth</i>. Part II Chapter XXXVII</a> (2nd ed., rev.; London: Macmillan and Co., 1891), vol. 1, p. [413]-445</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_constitutions_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://50constitutions.org/">50constitutions.org</a> by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Law_School" title="University of Wisconsin Law School">University of Wisconsin Law School</a>'s State Democracy Research Initiative</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brennancenter.org/promise-and-limits-state-constitutions">The Promise and Limit of State Constitutions</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Brennan_Center_for_Justice" title="Brennan Center for Justice">Brennan Center for Justice</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_state-related_lists" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_state_and_territory_lists" title="Template:US state and territory lists"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_state_and_territory_lists" title="Template talk:US state and territory lists"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_state_and_territory_lists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US state and territory lists"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_state-related_lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_U.S._state_topics" title="Lists of U.S. state topics">United States state-related lists</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories of the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population">Population</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_African-American_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by African-American population">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_Amish_population" title="List of U.S. states by Amish population">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Asian_Americans#U.S._states_and_territories" title="Demographics of Asian Americans">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_birth_and_death_rates" title="List of U.S. states and territories by birth and death rates">Birth and death rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">Density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_Hispanic_and_Latino_population" title="List of U.S. states by Hispanic and Latino population">Hispanic and Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_historical_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by historical population">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States#Geography" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_immigrant_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by immigrant population">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_demographics_of_the_United_States" title="LGBT demographics of the United States">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_non-Hispanic_white_population" title="List of U.S. states by non-Hispanic white population">Non-Hispanic white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans#Location" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_United_States#Historical_demographics" title="Spanish language in the United States">Spanish-speaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_educational_attainment" title="List of U.S. states and territories by educational attainment">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population">Largest cities by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_median_age" title="List of U.S. states and territories by median age">Median age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_popular_given_names_by_state_in_the_United_States" title="List of most popular given names by state in the United States">Most popular given names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_populous_counties_by_U.S._state" title="List of the most populous counties by U.S. state">Most populous counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_net_migration" title="List of U.S. states and territories by net migration">Net migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_populated_places_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of populated places in the United States">Populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population_density#States_and_territories" title="List of United States cities by population density">Population density (cities)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_Race_/_Ethnicity" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states and territories by Race / Ethnicity">Race/ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_religiosity" title="List of U.S. states and territories by religiosity">Religiosity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States#Demographics" title="Irreligion in the United States">Irreligion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_the_number_of_billionaires" title="List of U.S. states by the number of billionaires">Billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_budgets" title="List of U.S. state budgets">Budgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_credit_rating" title="List of U.S. states by credit rating">Credit ratings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_employment_rate" title="List of U.S. states by employment rate">Employment rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_exports_and_imports" title="List of U.S. states and territories by exports and imports">Exports and imports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_tax_revenue_by_state" title="Federal tax revenue by state">Federal tax revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_taxation_and_spending_by_state" title="Federal taxation and spending by state">Federal taxation and spending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of states and territories of the United States by GDP">Gross domestic product</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_economic_growth_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by economic growth rate">Growth rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states and territories by GDP per capita">Per capita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">Income</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_Gini_coefficient" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by Gini coefficient">Inequality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_median_home_price" title="List of U.S. states by median home price">Median home prices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_median_wage_and_mean_wage" title="List of U.S. states and territories by median wage and mean wage">Median wages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_the_number_of_millionaire_households" title="List of U.S. states by the number of millionaire households">Millionaire households</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_US_states_by_minimum_wage" title="List of US states by minimum wage">Minimum wages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_poverty_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by poverty rate">Poverty rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_research_and_development_spending" title="List of U.S. states by research and development spending">R&D spending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sales_taxes_in_the_United_States#By_jurisdiction" title="Sales taxes in the United States">Sales taxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_savings_rate" title="List of U.S. states by savings rate">Savings rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_socioeconomic_factors" title="List of U.S. states by socioeconomic factors">Socioeconomic factors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_sovereign_wealth_funds" title="List of U.S. states by sovereign wealth funds">Sovereign wealth funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_tax_levels_in_the_United_States" title="State tax levels in the United States">State income taxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by unemployment rate">Unemployment rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_affiliation_by_U.S._state" title="Union affiliation by U.S. state">Union affiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_vehicles_per_capita" title="List of U.S. states by vehicles per capita">Vehicles per capita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_and_arboretums_in_the_United_States" title="List of botanical gardens and arboretums in the United States">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions" title="List of U.S. states and territories by carbon dioxide emissions">Carbon dioxide emissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_state_parks_by_U.S._state" title="Lists of state parks by U.S. state">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Landmark#List_of_landmarks" title="National Natural Landmark">National Natural Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">National Wildlife Refuges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nature_centers_in_the_United_States" title="List of nature centers in the United States">Nature centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_electricity_production" title="List of U.S. states by electricity production">Electricity</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_electricity_production_from_renewable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by electricity production from renewable sources">Renewable</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Superfund_sites" title="List of Superfund sites">Superfund sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_tribal_wilderness_areas" title="List of U.S. state and tribal wilderness areas">Wilderness areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bays_of_the_United_States" title="List of bays of the United States">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_the_United_States" title="List of beaches in the United States">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_coastline" title="List of U.S. states and territories by coastline">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_elevation" title="List of U.S. states and territories by elevation">Elevation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_U.S._states_and_territories" title="List of extreme points of U.S. states and territories">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_cover_by_state_and_territory_in_the_United_States" title="Forest cover by state and territory in the United States">Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_geographic_centers_of_the_United_States" title="List of geographic centers of the United States">Geographic centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_United_States_cities_by_state_or_territory" title="List of highest United States cities by state or territory">Highest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States" title="List of islands of the United States">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_the_United_States" title="List of lakes of the United States">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountains of the United States">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_United_States" title="List of volcanoes in the United States">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_commissioner" title="Agriculture commissioner">Agriculture commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">Attorneys general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_territorial_capitols_in_the_United_States" title="List of state and territorial capitols in the United States">Capitol buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_U.S._state_and_territory_governments" title="Comparison of U.S. state and territory governments">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">Congressional districts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_by_U.S._state_and_territory" title="List of counties by U.S. state and territory">Counties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_U.S._counties" title="Index of U.S. counties">Alphabetical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_courts_of_the_United_States" title="List of courts of the United States">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">Governors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_lieutenant_governors" title="List of current United States lieutenant governors">Lieutenant governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">Legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_libraries_and_archives" title="List of U.S. state libraries and archives">Libraries and archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States#Official_languages" title="Languages of the United States">Official languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states%27_poets_laureate" title="List of U.S. states' poets laureate">Poets laureate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politics_by_U.S._state_or_territory" title="List of politics by U.S. state or territory">Politics by state or territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_U.S._states" title="Political party strength in U.S. states">Political party strength</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_auditor" title="State auditor">State auditors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of U.S. state legislators">State legislators</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_representatives_(Alabama_to_Missouri)" title="List of U.S. state representatives (Alabama to Missouri)">Alabama–Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_representatives_(Montana_to_Wyoming)" title="List of U.S. state representatives (Montana to Wyoming)">Montana–Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_senators" title="List of U.S. state senators">State senators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(U.S._state_government)" title="Secretary of state (U.S. state government)">State secretaries of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_legislature_speakers" title="List of state legislature speakers">State speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_chief_justices" title="List of state chief justices">State chief justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_presidents_pro_tempore" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state presidents pro tempore">State presidents pro tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_(education)#Chief_state_school_officers" title="Superintendent (education)">State superintendents of education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">State supreme courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_treasurer" title="State treasurer">State treasurers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._statewide_elected_officials" title="List of U.S. statewide elected officials">Statewide elected executive officials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_changes_in_life_expectancy,_1985%E2%80%932010" title="List of U.S. states by changes in life expectancy, 1985–2010">Changes in life expectancy, 1985–2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_fertility_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by fertility rate">Fertility rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of hospitals in the United States">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states and territories by Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_American_Human_Development_Index" title="List of U.S. states by American Human Development Index">American Human Development Index</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_life_expectancy" title="List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_infant_mortality_rates" title="List of U.S. states and territories by infant mortality rates">Infant mortality rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States#Prevalence_by_state_and_territory" title="Obesity in the United States">Obesity rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_road_deaths" title="List of U.S. states by road deaths">Road deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevalence_of_tobacco_use#United_States" title="Prevalence of tobacco use">Smoking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">Date of statehood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_territory_name_etymologies_of_the_United_States" title="List of state and territory name etymologies of the United States">Name etymologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_historical_societies_and_museums" title="List of U.S. state historical societies and museums">Historical societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_the_United_States" title="List of museums in the United States">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._National_Historic_Landmarks_by_state" title="List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state">National Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings" title="United States National Register of Historic Places listings">National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_partition_proposals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state partition proposals">State partitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_regions_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic regions of the United States">Historic regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States_by_state#State_table" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion in the United States by state">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_in_the_United_States" title="Age of consent in the United States">Age of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcohol_laws_of_the_United_States" title="List of alcohol laws of the United States">Alcohol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state" title="List of dry communities by U.S. state">Dry communities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_Alford_plea_usage" title="List of U.S. states by Alford plea usage">Alford plea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_while_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States">Cell phone use while driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_constitution_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="State constitution (United States)">Constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Gun laws in the United States by state">Firearms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firearm_death_rates_in_the_United_States_by_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearm death rates in the United States by state">Firearms death rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_violence_in_the_United_States_by_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun violence in the United States by state">Gun Violence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_intentional_homicide_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by intentional homicide rate">Homicide Rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_and_local_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of United States state and local law enforcement agencies">Law enforcement agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._state" class="mw-redirect" title="Legality of cannabis by U.S. state">Legality of cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Peace_Index" title="United States Peace Index">Peace Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_prisons" title="Lists of United States state prisons">Prisons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_incarceration_and_correctional_supervision_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by incarceration and correctional supervision rate">Incarceration rate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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