These are the Politics of Protest Encampments

<!doctype html> <html xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" lang="en-US" > <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">  <base href=""> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>These are the Politics of Protest Encampments — AJ+</title> <meta http-equiv="Accept-CH" content="Sec-CH-UA-Platform-Version, Sec-CH-UA-Model" /><link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1602707075695-KMPJEJ5GDPTU7N2BHI1B/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ajplus.net/stories/these-are-the-politics-of-protest-encampments"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="AJ+"/> <meta property="og:title" content="These are the Politics of Protest Encampments — AJ+"/> <meta property="og:latitude" content="40.7207559"/> <meta property="og:longitude" content="-74.0007613"/> <meta property="og:locality" content=""/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.ajplus.net/stories/these-are-the-politics-of-protest-encampments"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:description" content="What does an occupational protest look like?"/> <meta property="og:image" content="http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/t/5f7625681251b158b957507d/1601578349880/3f93c0a4-5d02-4159-981c-5635758e1c67.jpg?format=1500w"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="675"/> <meta itemprop="name" content="These are the Politics of Protest Encampments — AJ+"/> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.ajplus.net/stories/these-are-the-politics-of-protest-encampments"/> <meta itemprop="description" content="What does an occupational protest look like?"/> <meta itemprop="thumbnailUrl" content="http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/t/5f7625681251b158b957507d/1601578349880/3f93c0a4-5d02-4159-981c-5635758e1c67.jpg?format=1500w"/> <link rel="image_src" href="http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/t/5f7625681251b158b957507d/1601578349880/3f93c0a4-5d02-4159-981c-5635758e1c67.jpg?format=1500w" /> <meta itemprop="image" content="http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/t/5f7625681251b158b957507d/1601578349880/3f93c0a4-5d02-4159-981c-5635758e1c67.jpg?format=1500w"/> <meta itemprop="author" content="AJ+"/> <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2020-10-01T00:00:00-0400"/> <meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2020-10-14T16:48:00-0400"/> <meta itemprop="headline" content="These are the Politics of Protest Encampments"/> <meta itemprop="publisher" content="AJ+"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="These are the Politics of Protest Encampments — AJ+"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/t/5f7625681251b158b957507d/1601578349880/3f93c0a4-5d02-4159-981c-5635758e1c67.jpg?format=1500w"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.ajplus.net/stories/these-are-the-politics-of-protest-encampments"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="What does an occupational protest look like?"/> <meta name="description" content="What does an occupational protest look like?" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://use.typekit.net" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://p.typekit.net" crossorigin> <script type="text/javascript" src="//use.typekit.net/ik/NHKkR3fP0WXlycK7WuZA_zhLt_5VRswTm2HitfCYQmGfe062fFHN4UJLFRbh52jhWDmcwRBqjcJowABqZe9DwRj3Z2sKjQB8Zyn1MKG0jAFu-WsoShFGZAsude80ZkoRdhXCHKoyjamTiY8Djhy8ZYmC-Ao1Oco8if37OcB7OWgCiWw0SaBujW48Sagyjh90jhNlOfG0jWw0dA9CHKoDSWmyScmDSeBRZWFR-emqiAUTdcS0jhNlOeBRiA8XpWFR-emqiAUTdcS0jhNlOeBRiA8XpWFR-emqiAUTdcS0dcmXOeB7OWgCiWw0SaBujW48Sagyjh90jhNlOeB7SeUuSko0ZWbCjWw0dA9CdeNRjAUGdaFXOYFUiABkZWF3jAF8ShFGZAsude80ZkoRdhXCiaiaOcBRiA8XpWFR-emqiAUTdcS0jhNlOYiaikoyjamTiY8Djhy8ZYmC-Ao1Oco8ifUaiaS0jAGlSeUuSkoDSWmyScmDSeBRZPoRdhXCiaiaOcB7SeUuSko0ZWbCiaiaOcBDOcu8OYiaikoDSWmyScmDSeBRZWFR-emqiAUTdcS0jhNlJ6U3ScNt-AuyOAozicI7fbKzMsMMeMb6MKGHfO2IMsMMeM96MKG4fJCgIMMjgkMfH6qJCMIbMg65JMJ7f6KUUMIbMg6VJMJ7fbKwMsMMegI6MTMgtjhSxM9.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">try{Typekit.load();}catch(e){}</script> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Archivo+Black:wght@400"> <script type="text/javascript" crossorigin="anonymous" defer="true" nomodule="nomodule" src="//assets.squarespace.com/@sqs/polyfiller/1.6/legacy.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" crossorigin="anonymous" defer="true" src="//assets.squarespace.com/@sqs/polyfiller/1.6/modern.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS = {};</script> <script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/extract-css-runtime-5d03c7b22bc374e95bb4-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-extract_css_runtime');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/extract-css-runtime-5d03c7b22bc374e95bb4-min.en-US.js" defer ></script><script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/extract-css-moment-js-vendor-c4d588d4255cd4c70fa3-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-extract_css_moment_js_vendor');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/extract-css-moment-js-vendor-c4d588d4255cd4c70fa3-min.en-US.js" defer ></script><script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/cldr-resource-pack-0c96ad3f9948c3a7b631-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-cldr_resource_pack');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/cldr-resource-pack-0c96ad3f9948c3a7b631-min.en-US.js" defer ></script><script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/common-vendors-stable-2965e1fc774101038a7d-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-common_vendors_stable');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/common-vendors-stable-2965e1fc774101038a7d-min.en-US.js" defer ></script><script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/common-vendors-8921de8f24d51c37e1bd-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-common_vendors');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/common-vendors-8921de8f24d51c37e1bd-min.en-US.js" defer ></script><script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/common-4575fb66a4f368aae0d1-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-common');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/common-4575fb66a4f368aae0d1-min.en-US.js" defer ></script><script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/performance-daea797f26ec33aee348-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-performance');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/performance-daea797f26ec33aee348-min.en-US.js" defer ></script><script data-name="static-context">Static = window.Static || {}; Static.SQUARESPACE_CONTEXT = {"betaFeatureFlags":["campaigns_import_discounts","themes","override_block_styles","campaigns_discount_section_in_blasts","nested_categories","supports_versioned_template_assets","marketing_automations","marketing_landing_page","collection_typename_switching","new_stacked_index","campaigns_discount_section_in_automations","campaigns_new_image_layout_picker","contacts_and_campaigns_redesign","campaigns_thumbnail_layout","scripts_defer","i18n_beta_website_locales","member_areas_feature","order_status_page_checkout_landing_enabled"],"facebookAppId":"314192535267336","facebookApiVersion":"v6.0","rollups":{"squarespace-announcement-bar":{"js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/announcement-bar-e58c2c256fc771df196f-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-audio-player":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/audio-player-7273fb3c727315fb7087-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/audio-player-73979cf5715b90ec9b51-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-blog-collection-list":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/blog-collection-list-04589f0ab778d39b6f29-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/blog-collection-list-3b161a94b70c22562b65-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-calendar-block-renderer":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/calendar-block-renderer-45e10dd8aac6cdf250c5-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/calendar-block-renderer-8aa9b0cbeb4b1382de47-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-chartjs-helpers":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/chartjs-helpers-035fad01719b3ad44ea0-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/chartjs-helpers-87bcc1cf71dc32506780-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-comments":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/comments-8d82b7dcc10a49d8f3ab-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/comments-1ba83c0b3b745fb75907-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-custom-css-popup":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/custom-css-popup-42165bae3117a373beba-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/custom-css-popup-9fd142ac50a77a92eb80-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-dialog":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/dialog-4442f8c03c49894df614-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/dialog-3c204698eb988e00b67c-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-events-collection":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/events-collection-45e10dd8aac6cdf250c5-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/events-collection-ab0904713c7bec57a263-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-form-rendering-utils":{"js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/form-rendering-utils-9dbd9ab8f7fe48dd0912-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-forms":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/forms-561e399da7e8cd21136e-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/forms-460e44eec8302ce495d5-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-gallery-collection-list":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/gallery-collection-list-04589f0ab778d39b6f29-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/gallery-collection-list-6a695d6f503d6f274456-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-image-zoom":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/image-zoom-04589f0ab778d39b6f29-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/image-zoom-86a4f1190d4dd0a1bb85-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-pinterest":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/pinterest-04589f0ab778d39b6f29-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/pinterest-4db8797e0ab9916b74bc-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-popup-overlay":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/popup-overlay-1953548b82872bd9f153-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/popup-overlay-abef1bd20e88ee2b0ff6-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-product-quick-view":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/product-quick-view-cabe0d0e788aff914259-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/product-quick-view-ae1191dd37ba355c2d16-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-products-collection-item-v2":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/products-collection-item-v2-04589f0ab778d39b6f29-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/products-collection-item-v2-bc54407b17c1344e3754-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-products-collection-list-v2":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/products-collection-list-v2-04589f0ab778d39b6f29-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/products-collection-list-v2-320bbe708a4fc56f6d2e-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-search-page":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/search-page-efbf373f59490877e106-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/search-page-070b8b054bdeaedce608-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-search-preview":{"js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/search-preview-ad37c6d6b6aef9eab4d8-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-simple-liking":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/simple-liking-87ea620354232c2e7b9f-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/simple-liking-b240c4039cac2761e6d0-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-social-buttons":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/social-buttons-7430c3ff0790eafdec2c-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/social-buttons-1eefd456ab26aca444a7-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-tourdates":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/tourdates-04589f0ab778d39b6f29-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/tourdates-6a57cd3d6dd5f8c36147-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-website-overlays-manager":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/website-overlays-manager-a81f4f351e0b41eedf7d-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/website-overlays-manager-81328279e26303ecdcd4-min.en-US.js"}},"pageType":50,"website":{"id":"5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef","identifier":"aj-plus","websiteType":1,"contentModifiedOn":1724174391763,"cloneable":false,"hasBeenCloneable":false,"siteStatus":{},"language":"en-US","timeZone":"America/New_York","machineTimeZoneOffset":-18000000,"timeZoneOffset":-18000000,"timeZoneAbbr":"EST","siteTitle":"AJ+","fullSiteTitle":"These are the Politics of Protest Encampments \u2014 AJ+","siteDescription":"","logoImageId":"5f8606e61f173d3164943a2f","socialLogoImageId":"5f7f6d4b9fe4d7799ba4382e","shareButtonOptions":{"7":true,"2":true,"4":true,"8":true,"1":true,"6":true,"3":true},"logoImageUrl":"//images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1602619110577-AG3QLFERJ36ZA03PIPD1/AJ%2B_logo_reverse+2.png","socialLogoImageUrl":"//images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1602186571960-DXX1DT3ITXJC8GN9MHVK/ajplus.png","authenticUrl":"https://www.ajplus.net","internalUrl":"https://aj-plus.squarespace.com","baseUrl":"https://www.ajplus.net","primaryDomain":"www.ajplus.net","sslSetting":3,"isHstsEnabled":false,"socialAccounts":[{"serviceId":60,"screenname":"Facebook","addedOn":1600886130677,"profileUrl":"https://www.facebook.com/ajplusenglish/","iconEnabled":true,"serviceName":"facebook-unauth"},{"serviceId":64,"screenname":"Instagram","addedOn":1600886157232,"profileUrl":"http://instagram.com/ajplus","iconEnabled":true,"serviceName":"instagram-unauth"},{"serviceId":69,"screenname":"YouTube","addedOn":1598021014576,"profileUrl":"https://www.youtube.com/c/ajplus","iconEnabled":true,"serviceName":"youtube-unauth"},{"serviceId":64,"screenname":"Instagram","addedOn":1695133353390,"profileUrl":"https://www.instagram.com/yelmjouie","iconEnabled":true,"serviceName":"instagram-unauth"}],"typekitId":"","statsMigrated":false,"imageMetadataProcessingEnabled":false,"screenshotId":"c41135aa96ef5f85d8538f81c3a6ca7983610d6aeee448f5e51e0a9678f99fcb","captchaSettings":{"siteKey":"","enabledForDonations":false},"showOwnerLogin":false},"websiteSettings":{"id":"5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1f2","websiteId":"5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef","subjects":[],"country":"US","state":"NC","simpleLikingEnabled":false,"mobileInfoBarSettings":{"isContactEmailEnabled":false,"isContactPhoneNumberEnabled":false,"isLocationEnabled":false,"isBusinessHoursEnabled":false},"announcementBarSettings":{"style":1,"text":"<p class=\"\" style=\"white-space:pre-wrap;\">THIS IS THE AJ+ BREAKING NEWS BANNER</p>"},"popupOverlaySettings":{"style":2,"showOnScroll":false,"scrollPercentage":25,"showOnTimer":true,"timerDelay":30000,"showUntilSignup":true,"displayFrequency":1,"enableMobile":true,"enabledPages":[],"showOnAllPages":true,"version":1},"commentLikesAllowed":true,"commentAnonAllowed":true,"commentThreaded":true,"commentApprovalRequired":false,"commentAvatarsOn":true,"commentSortType":2,"commentFlagThreshold":0,"commentFlagsAllowed":true,"commentEnableByDefault":true,"commentDisableAfterDaysDefault":0,"disqusShortname":"","commentsEnabled":false,"storeSettings":{"returnPolicy":null,"termsOfService":null,"privacyPolicy":null,"expressCheckout":false,"continueShoppingLinkUrl":"/","useLightCart":false,"showNoteField":false,"shippingCountryDefaultValue":"US","billToShippingDefaultValue":false,"showShippingPhoneNumber":true,"isShippingPhoneRequired":false,"showBillingPhoneNumber":true,"isBillingPhoneRequired":false,"currenciesSupported":["USD","CAD","GBP","AUD","EUR","CHF","NOK","SEK","DKK","NZD","SGD","MXN","HKD","CZK","ILS","MYR","RUB","PHP","PLN","THB","BRL","ARS","COP","IDR","INR","JPY","ZAR"],"defaultCurrency":"USD","selectedCurrency":"USD","measurementStandard":1,"showCustomCheckoutForm":false,"checkoutPageMarketingOptInEnabled":false,"enableMailingListOptInByDefault":false,"sameAsRetailLocation":false,"merchandisingSettings":{"scarcityEnabledOnProductItems":false,"scarcityEnabledOnProductBlocks":false,"scarcityMessageType":"DEFAULT_SCARCITY_MESSAGE","scarcityThreshold":10,"multipleQuantityAllowedForServices":true,"restockNotificationsEnabled":false,"restockNotificationsSuccessText":"","restockNotificationsMailingListSignUpEnabled":false,"relatedProductsEnabled":false,"relatedProductsOrdering":"random","soldOutVariantsDropdownDisabled":false,"productComposerOptedIn":false,"productComposerABTestOptedOut":false,"productReviewsEnabled":false,"displayImportedProductReviewsEnabled":false,"hasOptedToCollectNativeReviews":false},"minimumOrderSubtotalEnabled":false,"isLive":false,"multipleQuantityAllowedForServices":true},"useEscapeKeyToLogin":true,"ssBadgeType":1,"ssBadgePosition":4,"ssBadgeVisibility":1,"ssBadgeDevices":1,"pinterestOverlayOptions":{"mode":"disabled","size":"small","shape":"rect"},"ampEnabled":false,"userAccountsSettings":{"loginAllowed":false,"signupAllowed":false}},"cookieSettings":{"isCookieBannerEnabled":false,"isRestrictiveCookiePolicyEnabled":true,"cookieBannerText":"By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. We use cookies to provide you with a great experience and to help our website run effectively.","cookieBannerTheme":"DARK","cookieBannerVariant":"BAR","cookieBannerPosition":"BOTTOM","cookieBannerCtaVariant":"ICON","cookieBannerCtaText":"OK","cookieBannerAcceptType":"OPT_IN","cookieBannerHasOptOut":false,"cookieBannerHasManageCookies":false,"cookieBannerSavedPreferencesLayout":"PILL"},"websiteCloneable":false,"collection":{"title":"Stories","id":"5f21dbc51adde3260d4ba347","fullUrl":"/stories","type":1,"permissionType":1},"item":{"title":"These are the Politics of Protest Encampments","id":"5f7623515053ec00eccd5bf8","fullUrl":"/stories/these-are-the-politics-of-protest-encampments","publicCommentCount":0,"commentState":2,"recordType":1},"subscribed":false,"appDomain":"squarespace.com","templateTweakable":true,"tweakJSON":{"form-use-theme-colors":"false","header-logo-height":"75px","header-mobile-logo-max-height":"40px","header-vert-padding":"1.3vw","header-width":"Inset","maxPageWidth":"1316px","pagePadding":"4vw","tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-image-aspect-ratio":"16:9 Widescreen","tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-image-spacing":"5%","tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-meta-spacing":"15px","tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-primary-meta":"Categories","tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-read-more-spacing":"5px","tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-secondary-meta":"Date","tweak-blog-basic-grid-columns":"3","tweak-blog-basic-grid-image-aspect-ratio":"3:2 Standard","tweak-blog-basic-grid-image-spacing":"25px","tweak-blog-basic-grid-meta-spacing":"0px","tweak-blog-basic-grid-primary-meta":"None","tweak-blog-basic-grid-read-more-spacing":"0px","tweak-blog-basic-grid-secondary-meta":"None","tweak-blog-item-custom-width":"100","tweak-blog-item-show-author-profile":"false","tweak-blog-item-width":"Narrow","tweak-blog-masonry-columns":"2","tweak-blog-masonry-horizontal-spacing":"150px","tweak-blog-masonry-image-spacing":"25px","tweak-blog-masonry-meta-spacing":"20px","tweak-blog-masonry-primary-meta":"Categories","tweak-blog-masonry-read-more-spacing":"5px","tweak-blog-masonry-secondary-meta":"Date","tweak-blog-masonry-vertical-spacing":"100px","tweak-blog-side-by-side-image-aspect-ratio":"1:1 Square","tweak-blog-side-by-side-image-spacing":"6%","tweak-blog-side-by-side-meta-spacing":"20px","tweak-blog-side-by-side-primary-meta":"Categories","tweak-blog-side-by-side-read-more-spacing":"5px","tweak-blog-side-by-side-secondary-meta":"Date","tweak-blog-single-column-image-spacing":"40px","tweak-blog-single-column-meta-spacing":"10px","tweak-blog-single-column-primary-meta":"Categories","tweak-blog-single-column-read-more-spacing":"20px","tweak-blog-single-column-secondary-meta":"Categories","tweak-events-stacked-show-thumbnails":"true","tweak-events-stacked-thumbnail-size":"3:2 Standard","tweak-fixed-header":"true","tweak-fixed-header-style":"Basic","tweak-global-animations-animation-curve":"ease","tweak-global-animations-animation-delay":"0.1s","tweak-global-animations-animation-duration":"0.1s","tweak-global-animations-animation-style":"fade","tweak-global-animations-animation-type":"none","tweak-global-animations-complexity-level":"detailed","tweak-global-animations-enabled":"false","tweak-portfolio-grid-basic-custom-height":"50","tweak-portfolio-grid-overlay-custom-height":"50","tweak-portfolio-hover-follow-acceleration":"10%","tweak-portfolio-hover-follow-animation-duration":"Medium","tweak-portfolio-hover-follow-animation-type":"Fade","tweak-portfolio-hover-follow-delimiter":"Forward Slash","tweak-portfolio-hover-follow-front":"false","tweak-portfolio-hover-follow-layout":"Inline","tweak-portfolio-hover-follow-size":"75","tweak-portfolio-hover-follow-text-spacing-x":"1.5","tweak-portfolio-hover-follow-text-spacing-y":"1.5","tweak-portfolio-hover-static-animation-duration":"Medium","tweak-portfolio-hover-static-animation-type":"Scale Up","tweak-portfolio-hover-static-delimiter":"Forward Slash","tweak-portfolio-hover-static-front":"false","tweak-portfolio-hover-static-layout":"Stacked","tweak-portfolio-hover-static-size":"75","tweak-portfolio-hover-static-text-spacing-x":"1.5","tweak-portfolio-hover-static-text-spacing-y":"1.5","tweak-portfolio-index-background-animation-duration":"Medium","tweak-portfolio-index-background-animation-type":"Fade","tweak-portfolio-index-background-custom-height":"50","tweak-portfolio-index-background-delimiter":"None","tweak-portfolio-index-background-height":"Large","tweak-portfolio-index-background-horizontal-alignment":"Center","tweak-portfolio-index-background-link-format":"Stacked","tweak-portfolio-index-background-persist":"false","tweak-portfolio-index-background-vertical-alignment":"Middle","tweak-portfolio-index-background-width":"Full","tweak-product-basic-item-click-action":"None","tweak-product-basic-item-gallery-aspect-ratio":"3:4 Three-Four (Vertical)","tweak-product-basic-item-gallery-design":"Slideshow","tweak-product-basic-item-gallery-width":"50%","tweak-product-basic-item-hover-action":"None","tweak-product-basic-item-image-spacing":"3vw","tweak-product-basic-item-image-zoom-factor":"1.75","tweak-product-basic-item-product-variant-display":"Dropdown","tweak-product-basic-item-thumbnail-placement":"Side","tweak-product-basic-item-variant-picker-layout":"Dropdowns","tweak-products-add-to-cart-button":"false","tweak-products-columns":"3","tweak-products-gutter-column":"2vw","tweak-products-gutter-row":"3vw","tweak-products-header-text-alignment":"Middle","tweak-products-image-aspect-ratio":"1:1 Square","tweak-products-image-text-spacing":"1vw","tweak-products-mobile-columns":"1","tweak-products-text-alignment":"Left","tweak-products-width":"Inset","tweak-transparent-header":"false"},"templateId":"5c5a519771c10ba3470d8101","templateVersion":"7.1","pageFeatures":[1,2,4],"gmRenderKey":"QUl6YVN5Q0JUUk9xNkx1dkZfSUUxcjQ2LVQ0QWVUU1YtMGQ3bXk4","templateScriptsRootUrl":"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/vta/5c5a519771c10ba3470d8101/scripts/","impersonatedSession":false,"tzData":{"zones":[[-300,"US","E%sT",null]],"rules":{"US":[[1967,2006,null,"Oct","lastSun","2:00","0","S"],[1987,2006,null,"Apr","Sun>=1","2:00","1:00","D"],[2007,"max",null,"Mar","Sun>=8","2:00","1:00","D"],[2007,"max",null,"Nov","Sun>=1","2:00","0","S"]]}},"showAnnouncementBar":false,"recaptchaEnterpriseContext":{"recaptchaEnterpriseSiteKey":"6LdDFQwjAAAAAPigEvvPgEVbb7QBm-TkVJdDTlAv"},"i18nContext":{"timeZoneData":{"id":"America/New_York","name":"Eastern Time"}},"env":"PRODUCTION"};</script><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS Feed" href="https://www.ajplus.net/stories?format=rss" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"url":"https://www.ajplus.net","name":"AJ+","description":"","image":"//images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1602619110577-AG3QLFERJ36ZA03PIPD1/AJ%2B_logo_reverse+2.png","@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"WebSite"}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"name":"These are the Politics of Protest Encampments \u2014 AJ+","url":"https://www.ajplus.net/stories/these-are-the-politics-of-protest-encampments","datePublished":"2020-10-01T00:00:00-0400","dateModified":"2020-10-14T16:48:00-0400","headline":"These are the Politics of Protest Encampments","author":"AJ+","publisher":{"name":"AJ+","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/t/5f8606e61f173d3164943a2f/1724174391763/"},"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Organization"},"image":"http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/t/5f7625681251b158b957507d/1601578349880/3f93c0a4-5d02-4159-981c-5635758e1c67.jpg?format=1500w","@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/versioned-site-css/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/569/5c5a519771c10ba3470d8101/5f21dbba1adde3260d4ba209/1612/site.css"/><script type="text/javascript"> if ((window.location.pathname == '/') && (window.location.host != 'aj-plus.squarespace.com')) { window.location = 'https://global.ajplus.net/english/'; } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/4b42b9f8-0ede-47ea-90e3-f0796eecf6f1/OtAutoBlock.js" ></script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-document-language="true" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="4b42b9f8-0ede-47ea-90e3-f0796eecf6f1" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script> <script type='text/javascript'> (function () { var _sf_async_config = window._sf_async_config = (window._sf_async_config || {}); _sf_async_config.uid = 3291; _sf_async_config.domain = 'ajplus.net'; _sf_async_config.useCanonical = true; _sf_async_config.useCanonicalDomain = true; _sf_async_config.sections = ''; _sf_async_config.authors = ''; function loadChartbeat() { var e = document.createElement('script'); var n = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; e.type = 'text/javascript'; e.async = true; e.src = '//static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'; n.parentNode.insertBefore(e, n); } loadChartbeat(); })(); </script> <script src="https://www.googleoptimize.com/optimize.js?id=OPT-MGMXWCP"></script> <style type="text/css"> #ensBannerDescription > h3 { color: #fff; font-family: Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial; } .ensNotifyBannerContainer #ensNotifyBanner > #ensBannerDescription { font-family: Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial; } #ensBannerDescription > a:first-of-type { margin-right: unset; } #ensBannerDescription > a { font-size: 14px; } </style>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-460T8Z52M0"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} // Google Signals Consent status var allowGoogleSignals = false function OptanonWrapper() { // Toggle Google Signals based on the consent status of the third-party Performance Cookies allowGoogleSignals = /C0002/.test(window.OnetrustActiveGroups) ? true : false gtag('set', 'allow_google_signals', allowGoogleSignals); } gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('set', 'allow_google_signals', false); gtag('config', 'G-460T8Z52M0'); </script>   <script> var a=['\x73\x6c\x69\x63\x65','\x71\x75\x65\x72\x79\x53\x65\x6c\x65\x63\x74\x6f\x72','\x6d\x65\x74\x61\x5b\x69\x74\x65\x6d\x70\x72\x6f\x70\x3d\x22\x64\x61\x74\x65\x50\x75\x62\x6c\x69\x73\x68\x65\x64\x22\x5d','\x63\x6f\x6e\x74\x65\x6e\x74','\x69\x6e\x6e\x65\x72\x54\x65\x78\x74','\x54\x68\x69\x73\x20\x73\x69\x74\x65\x20\x75\x73\x65\x73\x20\x61\x20\x63\x6f\x64\x65\x20\x73\x6e\x69\x70\x70\x65\x74\x20\x63\x6f\x70\x79\x72\x69\x67\x68\x74\x65\x64\x20\x62\x79\x20\x5b\x73\x66\x2e\x64\x69\x67\x69\x74\x61\x6c\x5d','\x74\x69\x6d\x65\x2e\x64\x74\x2d\x70\x75\x62\x6c\x69\x73\x68\x65\x64\x2e\x62\x6c\x6f\x67\x2d\x6d\x65\x74\x61\x2d\x69\x74\x65\x6d\x2e\x62\x6c\x6f\x67\x2d\x6d\x65\x74\x61\x2d\x69\x74\x65\x6d\x2d\x2d\x64\x61\x74\x65\x20\x73\x70\x61\x6e','\x44\x4f\x4d\x43\x6f\x6e\x74\x65\x6e\x74\x4c\x6f\x61\x64\x65\x64'];(function(b,e){var f=function(g){while(--g){b['push'](b['shift']());}};f(++e);}(a,0x180));var b=function(c,d){c=c-0x0;var e=a[c];return e;};window['\x61\x64\x64\x45\x76\x65\x6e\x74\x4c\x69\x73\x74\x65\x6e\x65\x72'](b('\x30\x78\x37'),c=>{console['\x6c\x6f\x67'](b('\x30\x78\x35'));var d;if(d=document[b('\x30\x78\x31')](b('\x30\x78\x36'))){var e=document[b('\x30\x78\x31')](b('\x30\x78\x32'))[b('\x30\x78\x33')];postYear=e[b('\x30\x78\x30')](0x0,0x4);d[b('\x30\x78\x34')]=d[b('\x30\x78\x34')]+'\x2c\x20'+postYear;}}); </script><script>Static.COOKIE_BANNER_CAPABLE = true;</script>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/vta/5c5a519771c10ba3470d8101/versioned-assets/1739381320286-8FJE7NMLDZWANM5PXDLU/static.css"> </head> <body id="item-5f7623515053ec00eccd5bf8" class=" tweak-products-width-inset tweak-products-image-aspect-ratio-11-square tweak-products-text-alignment-left tweak-products-price-show tweak-products-nested-category-type-top tweak-products-category-title tweak-products-header-text-alignment-middle tweak-products-breadcrumbs tweak-portfolio-grid-overlay-width-full tweak-portfolio-grid-overlay-height-small tweak-portfolio-grid-overlay-image-aspect-ratio-43-four-three tweak-portfolio-grid-overlay-text-placement-center tweak-portfolio-grid-overlay-show-text-after-hover image-block-poster-text-alignment-center image-block-card-content-position-center image-block-card-text-alignment-left image-block-overlap-content-position-center image-block-overlap-text-alignment-left image-block-collage-content-position-top image-block-collage-text-alignment-left image-block-stack-text-alignment-left tweak-blog-single-column-width-inset tweak-blog-single-column-text-alignment-center tweak-blog-single-column-image-placement-above tweak-blog-single-column-delimiter-bullet tweak-blog-single-column-read-more-style-hide tweak-blog-single-column-primary-meta-categories tweak-blog-single-column-secondary-meta-categories tweak-blog-single-column-meta-position-below-excerpt tweak-blog-single-column-content-title-only tweak-blog-item-width-narrow tweak-blog-item-text-alignment-left tweak-blog-item-meta-position-below-title tweak-blog-item-show-categories tweak-blog-item-show-date tweak-blog-item-delimiter-pipe primary-button-style-outline primary-button-shape-square secondary-button-style-outline secondary-button-shape-square tertiary-button-style-outline tertiary-button-shape-square tweak-events-stacked-width-inset tweak-events-stacked-height-small tweak-events-stacked-show-past-events tweak-events-stacked-show-thumbnails tweak-events-stacked-thumbnail-size-32-standard tweak-events-stacked-date-style-side-tag tweak-events-stacked-show-time tweak-events-stacked-show-location tweak-events-stacked-ical-gcal-links tweak-events-stacked-show-excerpt tweak-blog-basic-grid-width-inset tweak-blog-basic-grid-image-aspect-ratio-32-standard tweak-blog-basic-grid-text-alignment-left tweak-blog-basic-grid-delimiter-pipe tweak-blog-basic-grid-image-placement-above tweak-blog-basic-grid-read-more-style-hide tweak-blog-basic-grid-primary-meta-none tweak-blog-basic-grid-secondary-meta-none tweak-blog-basic-grid-excerpt-hide header-overlay-alignment-center tweak-portfolio-index-background-link-format-stacked tweak-portfolio-index-background-width-full tweak-portfolio-index-background-height-large tweak-portfolio-index-background-vertical-alignment-middle tweak-portfolio-index-background-horizontal-alignment-center tweak-portfolio-index-background-delimiter-none tweak-portfolio-index-background-animation-type-fade tweak-portfolio-index-background-animation-duration-medium tweak-portfolio-hover-follow-layout-inline tweak-portfolio-hover-follow-delimiter-forward-slash tweak-portfolio-hover-follow-animation-type-fade tweak-portfolio-hover-follow-animation-duration-medium tweak-portfolio-hover-static-layout-stacked tweak-portfolio-hover-static-delimiter-forward-slash tweak-portfolio-hover-static-animation-type-scale-up tweak-portfolio-hover-static-animation-duration-medium form-field-style-solid form-field-shape-square form-field-border-all form-field-checkbox-type-icon form-field-checkbox-fill-solid form-field-checkbox-color-inverted form-field-checkbox-shape-square form-field-checkbox-layout-stack form-field-radio-type-icon form-field-radio-fill-solid form-field-radio-color-normal form-field-radio-shape-pill form-field-radio-layout-stack form-field-survey-fill-solid form-field-survey-color-normal form-field-survey-shape-pill form-field-hover-focus-outline form-submit-button-style-label tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-width-inset tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-image-aspect-ratio-169-widescreen tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-text-alignment-left tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-read-more-style-show tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-image-text-alignment-middle tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-delimiter-bullet tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-meta-position-top tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-primary-meta-categories tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-secondary-meta-date tweak-blog-alternating-side-by-side-excerpt-show tweak-global-animations-complexity-level-detailed tweak-global-animations-animation-style-fade tweak-global-animations-animation-type-none tweak-global-animations-animation-curve-ease tweak-blog-masonry-width-full tweak-blog-masonry-text-alignment-center tweak-blog-masonry-primary-meta-categories tweak-blog-masonry-secondary-meta-date tweak-blog-masonry-meta-position-top tweak-blog-masonry-read-more-style-show tweak-blog-masonry-delimiter-space tweak-blog-masonry-image-placement-above tweak-blog-masonry-excerpt-show tweak-product-basic-item-product-variant-display-dropdown tweak-product-basic-item-product-subscription-display-radio tweak-product-basic-item-product-subscription-border-shape-square tweak-product-basic-item-width-full tweak-product-basic-item-gallery-aspect-ratio-34-three-four-vertical tweak-product-basic-item-text-alignment-left tweak-product-basic-item-navigation-breadcrumbs tweak-product-basic-item-description-position-below-price tweak-product-basic-item-description-position-mobile-below-add-to-cart-button tweak-product-basic-item-content-alignment-top tweak-product-basic-item-gallery-design-slideshow tweak-product-basic-item-gallery-placement-left tweak-product-basic-item-thumbnail-placement-side tweak-product-basic-item-click-action-none tweak-product-basic-item-hover-action-none tweak-product-basic-item-variant-picker-layout-dropdowns tweak-product-basic-item-add-to-cart-standalone tweak-product-basic-item-add-to-cart-mobile-standalone header-width-inset tweak-fixed-header tweak-fixed-header-style-basic tweak-blog-side-by-side-width-inset tweak-blog-side-by-side-image-placement-left tweak-blog-side-by-side-image-aspect-ratio-11-square tweak-blog-side-by-side-primary-meta-categories tweak-blog-side-by-side-secondary-meta-date tweak-blog-side-by-side-meta-position-top tweak-blog-side-by-side-text-alignment-left tweak-blog-side-by-side-image-text-alignment-middle tweak-blog-side-by-side-read-more-style-show tweak-blog-side-by-side-delimiter-bullet tweak-blog-side-by-side-excerpt-show tweak-portfolio-grid-basic-width-full tweak-portfolio-grid-basic-height-medium tweak-portfolio-grid-basic-image-aspect-ratio-43-four-three tweak-portfolio-grid-basic-text-alignment-left tweak-portfolio-grid-basic-hover-effect-zoom hide-opentable-icons opentable-style-dark tweak-product-quick-view-button-style-floating tweak-product-quick-view-button-position-bottom tweak-product-quick-view-lightbox-excerpt-display-truncate tweak-product-quick-view-lightbox-show-arrows tweak-product-quick-view-lightbox-show-close-button tweak-product-quick-view-lightbox-controls-weight-light native-currency-code-usd view-item collection-5f21dbc51adde3260d4ba347 collection-layout-default collection-type-blog-basic-grid mobile-style-available sqs-seven-one has-banner-image item-main-image " tabindex="-1" > <div id="siteWrapper" class="clearfix site-wrapper" > <div id="floatingCart" class="floating-cart hidden"> <a href="/cart" class="icon icon--stroke icon--fill icon--cart sqs-custom-cart"> <span class="Cart-inner"> <svg class="icon icon--cart" width="61" height="49" viewBox="0 0 61 49"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0.5 2C0.5 1.17157 1.17157 0.5 2 0.5H13.6362C14.3878 0.5 15.0234 1.05632 15.123 1.80135L16.431 11.5916H59C59.5122 11.5916 59.989 11.8529 60.2645 12.2847C60.54 12.7165 60.5762 13.2591 60.3604 13.7236L50.182 35.632C49.9361 36.1614 49.4054 36.5 48.8217 36.5H18.0453C17.2937 36.5 16.6581 35.9437 16.5585 35.1987L12.3233 3.5H2C1.17157 3.5 0.5 2.82843 0.5 2ZM16.8319 14.5916L19.3582 33.5H47.8646L56.6491 14.5916H16.8319Z" /> <path d="M18.589 35H49.7083L60 13H16L18.589 35Z" /> <path d="M21 49C23.2091 49 25 47.2091 25 45C25 42.7909 23.2091 41 21 41C18.7909 41 17 42.7909 17 45C17 47.2091 18.7909 49 21 49Z" /> <path d="M45 49C47.2091 49 49 47.2091 49 45C49 42.7909 47.2091 41 45 41C42.7909 41 41 42.7909 41 45C41 47.2091 42.7909 49 45 49Z" /> </svg> <div class="legacy-cart icon-cart-quantity"> <span class="sqs-cart-quantity">0</span> </div> </span> </a> </div> <header data-test="header" id="header" class=" dark-bold header theme-col--primary " data-section-theme="dark-bold" data-controller="Header" data-current-styles="{ "layout": "brandingCenter", "action": { "href": "https://ajplus.net/search", "buttonText": "Search", "newWindow": false }, "showSocial": true, "socialOptions": { "socialBorderShape": "none", "socialBorderStyle": "outline", "socialBorderThickness": { "unit": "px", "value": 1.0 } }, "sectionTheme": "dark-bold", "menuOverlayTheme": "dark-bold", "menuOverlayAnimation": "fade", "cartStyle": "cart", "cartText": "Cart", "showEmptyCartState": true, "cartOptions": { "iconType": "solid-7", "cartBorderShape": "none", "cartBorderStyle": "outline", "cartBorderThickness": { "unit": "px", "value": 1.0 } }, "showButton": true, "showCart": false, "showAccountLogin": true, "headerStyle": "theme", "languagePicker": { "enabled": false, "iconEnabled": false, "iconType": "globe", "flagShape": "shiny", "languageFlags": [ ] }, "iconOptions": { "thickness": { "unit": "px", "value": 1.0 }, "endcapType": "square", "desktopDropdownIconOptions": { "folderIcon": "none", "languagePickerIcon": "openArrowHead" }, "mobileDropdownIconOptions": { "folderIcon": "none", "languagePickerIcon": "openArrowHead" } }, "mobileOptions": { "layout": "logoCenterNavRight", "menuIconOptions": { "style": "doubleLineHamburger", "thickness": { "unit": "px", "value": 1.0 } } }, "solidOptions": { "headerOpacity": { "unit": "%", "value": 100.0 }, "blurBackground": { "enabled": false, "blurRadius": { "unit": "px", "value": 12.0 } } }, "gradientOptions": { "gradientType": "faded", "headerOpacity": { "unit": "%", "value": 90.0 }, "blurBackground": { "enabled": false, "blurRadius": { "unit": "px", "value": 12.0 } } }, "dropShadowOptions": { "enabled": false, "blur": { "unit": "px", "value": 12.0 }, "spread": { "unit": "px", "value": 0.0 }, "distance": { "unit": "px", "value": 12.0 } }, "borderOptions": { "enabled": false, "position": "bottom", "thickness": { "unit": "px", "value": 4.0 } }, "showPromotedElement": false, "buttonVariant": "primary", "blurBackground": { "enabled": false, "blurRadius": { "unit": "px", "value": 12.0 } }, "headerOpacity": { "unit": "%", "value": 100.0 } }" data-section-id="header" data-header-style="theme" data-language-picker="{ "enabled": false, "iconEnabled": false, "iconType": "globe", "flagShape": "shiny", "languageFlags": [ ] }" data-first-focusable-element tabindex="-1" style=" " > <div class="sqs-announcement-bar-dropzone"></div> <div class="header-announcement-bar-wrapper"> <a href="#page" class="header-skip-link sqs-button-element--primary" > Skip to Content </a> <style> @supports (-webkit-backdrop-filter: none) or (backdrop-filter: none) { .header-blur-background { } } </style> <div class="header-border" data-header-style="theme" data-header-border="false" data-test="header-border" style=" " ></div> <div class="header-dropshadow" data-header-style="theme" data-header-dropshadow="false" data-test="header-dropshadow" style="" ></div> <div class='header-inner container--fluid header-mobile-layout-logo-center-nav-right header-layout-branding-center ' data-test="header-inner" >  <div class="header-background theme-bg--primary"></div> <div class="header-display-desktop" data-content-field="site-title">   <div class="header-title-nav-wrapper">  <div class="header-nav"> <div class="header-nav-wrapper"> <nav class="header-nav-list"> <div class="header-nav-item header-nav-item--collection"> <a href="/get-in-touch" data-animation-role="header-element" > Contact Us </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-item header-nav-item--folder"> <a class="header-nav-folder-title" href="/topics" tabindex="-1" data-animation-role="header-element" > Topics </a> <div class="header-nav-folder-content"> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Climate" >Climate Crisis</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Culture" >Culture</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Election" >Election</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Good+Trouble" >Good Trouble</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Injustice" >(in)Justice</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Pandemic" >Pandemic</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Solutions" >Solutions</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/World" >World</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories" >View all stories</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-nav-item header-nav-item--folder"> <a class="header-nav-folder-title" href="/originals" tabindex="-1" data-animation-role="header-element" > Originals </a> <div class="header-nav-folder-content"> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/checked-in" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> Checked In </span> </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/direct-from" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> Direct From </span> </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/eat-this" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> Eat This </span> </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/goodbye-earth" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> Goodbye Earth </span> </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/newsbroke" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> Newsbroke </span> </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/pop-americana" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> Pop Americana </span> </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/untold-america" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> Untold America </span> </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/you-vs-the-system" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> You vs. The System </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div>  <div class=" header-title " data-animation-role="header-element" > <div class="header-title-logo"> <a href="/" data-animation-role="header-element"> <img elementtiming="nbf-header-logo-desktop" src="//images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1602619110577-AG3QLFERJ36ZA03PIPD1/AJ%2B_logo_reverse+2.png?format=1500w" alt="AJ+" style="display:block" fetchpriority="high" loading="eager" decoding="async" data-loader="raw"> </a> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="header-actions header-actions--right"> <div class="header-actions-action header-actions-action--social"> <a class="icon icon--fill header-icon header-icon-border-shape-none header-icon-border-style-outline" href="https://www.facebook.com/ajplusenglish/" target="_blank" aria-label="Facebook"> <svg viewBox="23 23 64 64"> <use xlink:href="#facebook-unauth-icon" width="110" height="110"></use> </svg> </a> <a class="icon icon--fill header-icon header-icon-border-shape-none header-icon-border-style-outline" href="http://instagram.com/ajplus" target="_blank" aria-label="Instagram"> <svg viewBox="23 23 64 64"> <use xlink:href="#instagram-unauth-icon" width="110" height="110"></use> </svg> </a> <a class="icon icon--fill header-icon header-icon-border-shape-none header-icon-border-style-outline" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ajplus" target="_blank" aria-label="YouTube"> <svg viewBox="23 23 64 64"> <use xlink:href="#youtube-unauth-icon" width="110" height="110"></use> </svg> </a> <a class="icon icon--fill header-icon header-icon-border-shape-none header-icon-border-style-outline" href="https://www.instagram.com/yelmjouie" target="_blank" aria-label="Instagram"> <svg viewBox="23 23 64 64"> <use xlink:href="#instagram-unauth-icon" width="110" height="110"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="showOnMobile"> </div> <div class="showOnDesktop"> </div> <div class="header-actions-action header-actions-action--cta" data-animation-role="header-element"> <a class="btn btn--border theme-btn--primary-inverse sqs-button-element--primary" href="https://ajplus.net/search" > Search </a> </div> </div> <style> .top-bun, .patty, .bottom-bun { height: 1px; } </style>  <div class="header-burger menu-overlay-has-visible-non-navigation-items " data-animation-role="header-element"> <button class="header-burger-btn burger" data-test="header-burger"> <span hidden class="js-header-burger-open-title visually-hidden">Open Menu</span> <span hidden class="js-header-burger-close-title visually-hidden">Close Menu</span> <div class="burger-box"> <div class="burger-inner header-menu-icon-doubleLineHamburger"> <div class="top-bun"></div> <div class="patty"></div> <div class="bottom-bun"></div> </div> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div class="header-display-mobile" data-content-field="site-title">   <div class="header-actions header-actions--right"> <div class="header-actions-action header-actions-action--social"> <a class="icon icon--fill header-icon header-icon-border-shape-none header-icon-border-style-outline" href="https://www.facebook.com/ajplusenglish/" target="_blank" aria-label="Facebook"> <svg viewBox="23 23 64 64"> <use xlink:href="#facebook-unauth-icon" width="110" height="110"></use> </svg> </a> <a class="icon icon--fill header-icon header-icon-border-shape-none header-icon-border-style-outline" href="http://instagram.com/ajplus" target="_blank" aria-label="Instagram"> <svg viewBox="23 23 64 64"> <use xlink:href="#instagram-unauth-icon" width="110" height="110"></use> </svg> </a> <a class="icon icon--fill header-icon header-icon-border-shape-none header-icon-border-style-outline" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ajplus" target="_blank" aria-label="YouTube"> <svg viewBox="23 23 64 64"> <use xlink:href="#youtube-unauth-icon" width="110" height="110"></use> </svg> </a> <a class="icon icon--fill header-icon header-icon-border-shape-none header-icon-border-style-outline" href="https://www.instagram.com/yelmjouie" target="_blank" aria-label="Instagram"> <svg viewBox="23 23 64 64"> <use xlink:href="#instagram-unauth-icon" width="110" height="110"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="showOnMobile"> </div> <div class="showOnDesktop"> </div> <div class="header-actions-action header-actions-action--cta" data-animation-role="header-element"> <a class="btn btn--border theme-btn--primary-inverse sqs-button-element--primary" href="https://ajplus.net/search" > Search </a> </div> </div>  <div class="header-title-nav-wrapper">  <div class="header-nav"> <div class="header-nav-wrapper"> <nav class="header-nav-list"> <div class="header-nav-item header-nav-item--collection"> <a href="/get-in-touch" data-animation-role="header-element" > Contact Us </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-item header-nav-item--folder"> <a class="header-nav-folder-title" href="/topics" tabindex="-1" data-animation-role="header-element" > Topics </a> <div class="header-nav-folder-content"> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Climate" >Climate Crisis</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Culture" >Culture</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Election" >Election</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Good+Trouble" >Good Trouble</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Injustice" >(in)Justice</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Pandemic" >Pandemic</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Solutions" >Solutions</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/World" >World</a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item header-nav-folder-item--external"> <a href="/stories" >View all stories</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-nav-item header-nav-item--folder"> <a class="header-nav-folder-title" href="/originals" tabindex="-1" data-animation-role="header-element" > Originals </a> <div class="header-nav-folder-content"> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/checked-in" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> Checked In </span> </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/direct-from" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> Direct From </span> </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/eat-this" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> Eat This </span> </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/goodbye-earth" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> Goodbye Earth </span> </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/newsbroke" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> Newsbroke </span> </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/pop-americana" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> Pop Americana </span> </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/untold-america" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> Untold America </span> </a> </div> <div class="header-nav-folder-item"> <a href="/you-vs-the-system" > <span class="header-nav-folder-item-content"> You vs. The System </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div>  <div class=" header-title " data-animation-role="header-element" > <div class="header-title-logo"> <a href="/" data-animation-role="header-element"> <img elementtiming="nbf-header-logo-desktop" src="//images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1602619110577-AG3QLFERJ36ZA03PIPD1/AJ%2B_logo_reverse+2.png?format=1500w" alt="AJ+" style="display:block" fetchpriority="high" loading="eager" decoding="async" data-loader="raw"> </a> </div> </div> </div> <style> .top-bun, .patty, .bottom-bun { height: 1px; } </style>  <div class="header-burger menu-overlay-has-visible-non-navigation-items " data-animation-role="header-element"> <button class="header-burger-btn burger" data-test="header-burger"> <span hidden class="js-header-burger-open-title visually-hidden">Open Menu</span> <span hidden class="js-header-burger-close-title visually-hidden">Close Menu</span> <div class="burger-box"> <div class="burger-inner header-menu-icon-doubleLineHamburger"> <div class="top-bun"></div> <div class="patty"></div> <div class="bottom-bun"></div> </div> </div> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="header-menu header-menu--folder-list dark-bold " data-section-theme="dark-bold" data-current-styles="{ "layout": "brandingCenter", "action": { "href": "https://ajplus.net/search", "buttonText": "Search", "newWindow": false }, "showSocial": true, "socialOptions": { "socialBorderShape": "none", "socialBorderStyle": "outline", "socialBorderThickness": { "unit": "px", "value": 1.0 } }, "sectionTheme": "dark-bold", "menuOverlayTheme": "dark-bold", "menuOverlayAnimation": "fade", "cartStyle": "cart", "cartText": "Cart", "showEmptyCartState": true, "cartOptions": { "iconType": "solid-7", "cartBorderShape": "none", "cartBorderStyle": "outline", "cartBorderThickness": { "unit": "px", "value": 1.0 } }, "showButton": true, "showCart": false, "showAccountLogin": true, "headerStyle": "theme", "languagePicker": { "enabled": false, "iconEnabled": false, "iconType": "globe", "flagShape": "shiny", "languageFlags": [ ] }, "iconOptions": { "thickness": { "unit": "px", "value": 1.0 }, "endcapType": "square", "desktopDropdownIconOptions": { "folderIcon": "none", "languagePickerIcon": "openArrowHead" }, "mobileDropdownIconOptions": { "folderIcon": "none", "languagePickerIcon": "openArrowHead" } }, "mobileOptions": { "layout": "logoCenterNavRight", "menuIconOptions": { "style": "doubleLineHamburger", "thickness": { "unit": "px", "value": 1.0 } } }, "solidOptions": { "headerOpacity": { "unit": "%", "value": 100.0 }, "blurBackground": { "enabled": false, "blurRadius": { "unit": "px", "value": 12.0 } } }, "gradientOptions": { "gradientType": "faded", "headerOpacity": { "unit": "%", "value": 90.0 }, "blurBackground": { "enabled": false, "blurRadius": { "unit": "px", "value": 12.0 } } }, "dropShadowOptions": { "enabled": false, "blur": { "unit": "px", "value": 12.0 }, "spread": { "unit": "px", "value": 0.0 }, "distance": { "unit": "px", "value": 12.0 } }, "borderOptions": { "enabled": false, "position": "bottom", "thickness": { "unit": "px", "value": 4.0 } }, "showPromotedElement": false, "buttonVariant": "primary", "blurBackground": { "enabled": false, "blurRadius": { "unit": "px", "value": 12.0 } }, "headerOpacity": { "unit": "%", "value": 100.0 } }" data-section-id="overlay-nav" data-show-account-login="true" data-test="header-menu"> <div class="header-menu-bg theme-bg--primary"></div> <div class="header-menu-nav"> <nav class="header-menu-nav-list"> <div data-folder="root" class="header-menu-nav-folder"> <div class="header-menu-nav-folder-content">  <div class="header-menu-nav-wrapper"> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item header-menu-nav-item--collection"> <a href="/get-in-touch" > <div class="header-menu-nav-item-content"> Contact Us </div> </a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item"> <a data-folder-id="/topics" href="/topics" > <div class="header-menu-nav-item-content"> <span class="visually-hidden">Folder:</span> <span>Topics</span> <span class="chevron chevron--right"></span> </div> </a> </div> <div data-folder="/topics" class="header-menu-nav-folder"> <div class="header-menu-nav-folder-content"> <div class="header-menu-controls container header-menu-nav-item"> <a class="header-menu-controls-control header-menu-controls-control--active" data-action="back" href="/"> <span class="chevron chevron--left"></span><span>Back</span> </a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item header-menu-nav-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Climate" >Climate Crisis</a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item header-menu-nav-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Culture" >Culture</a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item header-menu-nav-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Election" >Election</a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item header-menu-nav-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Good+Trouble" >Good Trouble</a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item header-menu-nav-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Injustice" >(in)Justice</a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item header-menu-nav-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Pandemic" >Pandemic</a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item header-menu-nav-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/Solutions" >Solutions</a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item header-menu-nav-item--external"> <a href="/stories/tag/World" >World</a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item header-menu-nav-item--external"> <a href="/stories" >View all stories</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item"> <a data-folder-id="/originals" href="/originals" > <div class="header-menu-nav-item-content"> <span class="visually-hidden">Folder:</span> <span>Originals</span> <span class="chevron chevron--right"></span> </div> </a> </div> <div data-folder="/originals" class="header-menu-nav-folder"> <div class="header-menu-nav-folder-content"> <div class="header-menu-controls container header-menu-nav-item"> <a class="header-menu-controls-control header-menu-controls-control--active" data-action="back" href="/"> <span class="chevron chevron--left"></span><span>Back</span> </a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item"> <a href="/checked-in" > <div class="header-menu-nav-item-content"> Checked In </div> </a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item"> <a href="/direct-from" > <div class="header-menu-nav-item-content"> Direct From </div> </a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item"> <a href="/eat-this" > <div class="header-menu-nav-item-content"> Eat This </div> </a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item"> <a href="/goodbye-earth" > <div class="header-menu-nav-item-content"> Goodbye Earth </div> </a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item"> <a href="/newsbroke" > <div class="header-menu-nav-item-content"> Newsbroke </div> </a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item"> <a href="/pop-americana" > <div class="header-menu-nav-item-content"> Pop Americana </div> </a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item"> <a href="/untold-america" > <div class="header-menu-nav-item-content"> Untold America </div> </a> </div> <div class="container header-menu-nav-item"> <a href="/you-vs-the-system" > <div class="header-menu-nav-item-content"> You vs. The System </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-menu-actions social-accounts"> <div class="header-menu-actions-action header-menu-actions-action--social mobile"> <a class="icon icon--lg icon--fill header-icon header-icon-border-shape-none header-icon-border-style-outline" href="https://www.facebook.com/ajplusenglish/" target="_blank" aria-label="Facebook"> <svg viewBox="23 23 64 64"> <use xlink:href="#facebook-unauth-icon" width="110" height="110"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="header-menu-actions-action header-menu-actions-action--social mobile"> <a class="icon icon--lg icon--fill header-icon header-icon-border-shape-none header-icon-border-style-outline" href="http://instagram.com/ajplus" target="_blank" aria-label="Instagram"> <svg viewBox="23 23 64 64"> <use xlink:href="#instagram-unauth-icon" width="110" height="110"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="header-menu-actions-action header-menu-actions-action--social mobile"> <a class="icon icon--lg icon--fill header-icon header-icon-border-shape-none header-icon-border-style-outline" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ajplus" target="_blank" aria-label="YouTube"> <svg viewBox="23 23 64 64"> <use xlink:href="#youtube-unauth-icon" width="110" height="110"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="header-menu-actions-action header-menu-actions-action--social mobile"> <a class="icon icon--lg icon--fill header-icon header-icon-border-shape-none header-icon-border-style-outline" href="https://www.instagram.com/yelmjouie" target="_blank" aria-label="Instagram"> <svg viewBox="23 23 64 64"> <use xlink:href="#instagram-unauth-icon" width="110" height="110"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="header-menu-cta"> <a class="theme-btn--primary btn sqs-button-element--primary" href="https://ajplus.net/search" > Search </a> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <main id="page" class="container" role="main"> <article class="sections" id="sections" data-page-sections="5f21dbc51adde3260d4ba38a"> <section data-test="page-section" data-section-theme="white" class='page-section content-collection full-bleed-section collection-type-blog-basic-grid background-width--full-bleed section-height--medium content-width--wide horizontal-alignment--center vertical-alignment--middle white' data-section-id="5f21dbc51adde3260d4ba38e" data-controller="SectionWrapperController" data-current-styles="{ "imageOverlayOpacity": 0.15, "backgroundWidth": "background-width--full-bleed", "sectionHeight": "section-height--medium", "horizontalAlignment": "horizontal-alignment--center", "verticalAlignment": "vertical-alignment--middle", "contentWidth": "content-width--wide", "sectionTheme": "white", "sectionAnimation": "none", "backgroundMode": "image" }" data-current-context="{ "video": { "playbackSpeed": 0.5, "filter": 1, "filterStrength": 0, "zoom": 0, "videoSourceProvider": "none" }, "backgroundImageId": null, "backgroundMediaEffect": null, "divider": null, "typeName": "blog-basic-grid" }" data-animation="none" > <div class="section-border" > <div class="section-background"> </div> </div> <div class='content-wrapper' style=' ' > <div class="content" > <div class="blog-item-wrapper blog-basic-grid-item-wrapper" data-content-field="main-content" data-item-id=""> <article id="article-" class="h-entry entry hentry post-type-"> <div class="blog-item-inner-wrapper"> <div class="blog-item-top-wrapper"> <div class="blog-item-title"> <h1 class="entry-title entry-title--large p-name" itemprop="headline" data-content-field="title">These are the Politics of Protest Encampments</h1> </div> <div class="blog-item-meta-wrapper"> <div class="blog-meta-item blog-meta-item--categories" data-content-field="categories"> <span class="blog-item-category-wrapper"><a href="/stories/category/Article" class="blog-item-category blog-item-category--Article">Article</a></span><span class="blog-item-category-wrapper"><a href="/stories/category/Video" class="blog-item-category blog-item-category--Video">Video</a></span> </div> <div class="blog-item-author-date-wrapper" data-animation-role="date"> <time class="dt-published blog-meta-item blog-meta-item--date" datetime="Oct 1" pubdate data-content-field="published-on"> <span>Oct 1</span> </time> <div class="blog-meta-item blog-meta-item--author p-author author" data-content-field="author">Written By <a href="/stories?author=5f4ff47445de701d4776d1d3" class="blog-author-name">AJ+</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-item-content-wrapper"> <div class="blog-item-content e-content"><div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12" data-layout-label="Post Body" data-type="item" id="item-5f7623515053ec00eccd5bf8"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-12 span-12"><div class="sqs-block image-block sqs-block-image" data-block-type="5" id="block-d88bd43de4aa7b2eb5cb"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class=" image-block-outer-wrapper layout-caption-hidden design-layout-inline combination-animation-site-default individual-animation-site-default individual-text-animation-site-default " data-test="image-block-inline-outer-wrapper" > <figure class=" sqs-block-image-figure intrinsic " style="max-width:1162px;" > <div class="image-block-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" > <div class="sqs-image-shape-container-element has-aspect-ratio " style=" position: relative; padding-bottom:56.28226852416992%; overflow: hidden;-webkit-mask-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(white, black); " > <img data-stretch="false" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1601577899398-3ORS2BV3F8G39MBNGMAO/protest-philadelphia" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1601577899398-3ORS2BV3F8G39MBNGMAO/protest-philadelphia" data-image-dimensions="1162x654" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="protest-philadelphia" data-load="false" elementtiming="system-image-block" src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1601577899398-3ORS2BV3F8G39MBNGMAO/protest-philadelphia" width="1162" height="654" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, 100vw" style="display:block;object-fit: cover; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-position: 50% 50%" onload="this.classList.add("loaded")" srcset="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1601577899398-3ORS2BV3F8G39MBNGMAO/protest-philadelphia?format=100w 100w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1601577899398-3ORS2BV3F8G39MBNGMAO/protest-philadelphia?format=300w 300w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1601577899398-3ORS2BV3F8G39MBNGMAO/protest-philadelphia?format=500w 500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1601577899398-3ORS2BV3F8G39MBNGMAO/protest-philadelphia?format=750w 750w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1601577899398-3ORS2BV3F8G39MBNGMAO/protest-philadelphia?format=1000w 1000w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1601577899398-3ORS2BV3F8G39MBNGMAO/protest-philadelphia?format=1500w 1500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1601577899398-3ORS2BV3F8G39MBNGMAO/protest-philadelphia?format=2500w 2500w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-loader="sqs"> </div> </div> </figure> </div> </div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1601577811957_12076"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-html-content"> <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">By <a href="/stories/tag/Samantha+Grasso">Samantha Grasso</a></p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">This year we’ve witnessed a pandemic, and a renewed surge of activism and protest. While protesters are steering the conversation about justice in the U.S., they’re occupying physical spaces too.<br><br>In California, families moved into vacant houses, <a href="https://moms4housing.org/">demanding</a> that housing be treated as a human right. In New York, protesters <a href="https://ny.curbed.com/2020/7/31/21349659/new-york-city-eviction-defense-new-frontline-rent-crisis">thronged</a> outside buildings where tenants were facing eviction, using their bodies as barricades. And last week, organizers <a href="https://philadelphiahousingaction.info/release-philadelphia-housing-action-claims-victory-after-6-month-direct-action-campaign-forces-city-to-relinquish-50-vacant-homes-to-community-land-trust/">claimed victory</a> in Philadelphia: After homeless activists occupied 15 vacant city-owned homes and two encampments for six months, they said an offer is on the table for access to 50 homes through a community land trust. The city says an agreement is <a href="https://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2020/09/28/philadelphia-homeless-encampment-organizers-say-city-will-provide-50-vacant-homes-for-permanent-affordable-housing/">underway</a>.<br><br>Last week, I spoke with Vicky Osterweil, author of <a href="https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/vicky-osterweil/in-defense-of-looting/9781549161193/"><em>In Defense of Looting: A Riotous History of Uncivil Action</em></a>, and a <a href="https://thenewinquiry.com/in-defense-of-looting/">2014 <em>New Inquiry</em> essay</a> of the same name. Osterweil has documented and participated in many occupational protests herself, and we talked about what makes this type of protest unique and how it can be carried out in a sustainable, successful and safe way.</p><h4 style="white-space:pre-wrap;">What does an occupational protest look like?</h4><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Osterweil defines an occupational protest as “a protest of open-ended duration whose central tactic is holding a physical space open as a 24-hour, live-in site of protest and action.” The physical existence of the protest is a strategy in itself, Osterweil told me, since its visible presence can garner support and people can rotate in and out, which creates momentum.<br><br>In her history of occupational protesting – Osterweil has documented and participated in several, including Barcelona, New York’s Occupy Wall Street, and Philadelphia’s ICE protest – demonstrations are supported by <a href="https://us7.campaign-archive.com/?u=48430eb2ecd1b61a791b4e919&id=b5c7d71473">mutual aid</a>, and supporters donate food, money, tents and other resources. “Once you have a presence for a little bit of time, people know it's there and tend to want to contribute,” she said. </p><h4 style="white-space:pre-wrap;">A camp has its own politics </h4><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Osterweil suggested that camps (or encampments, as these physical sites are often referred to) should start with broad principles, like that no one gets evicted, that discrimination is intolerable or that cops aren’t allowed. <br><br>“Political inertia becomes very powerful within the camps and forms that are agreed early end up having a larger effect than they might otherwise, because things developed in this organic way,” Osterweil said, referring to how decisions are made within occupations. “But things like structures and governing modes do sometimes fall apart. There's a lot of internal struggle often around questions of security, questions like levels of organization, the number of meetings, the nature of discussion, those things all take on different characters and change over time.” </p><h4 style="white-space:pre-wrap;">The camp protects itself</h4><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Osterweil says she prefers informal security at occupational protests – when people living in the camp protect one another instead of having a dedicated, formalized team to secure the camp. Camps are usually secure because of the nature of the camp itself, as people are living together in numbers and fighting to protect their home in solidarity, she said. Similarly, people within the space are dedicated to taking care of and cleaning the camp, even if methods for doing that vary.<br><br>“Part of what's beautiful about occupations is they imagine a different way of living together that involves everyone's protecting everyone and people setting up for and fighting for themselves to the extent that they can,” she said.</p><h4 style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Police and the camps</h4><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Occupations attract unhoused people and activists of all agendas and their constituency constantly changes, creating an extremely fluid environment. Osterweil says that fluidity gives occupations power – it makes them unpredictable and creative and also somewhat opaque to people on the outside, including police.<br><br>Since camps rarely face threats outside of police and occasional fascist hecklers, Osterweil says, formalized security forces can become an issue. They tend to police inward and use their force to push people outside of a camp, she said. And bigger problems can occur. The <a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/activism/police-precinct-minneapolis/">Capitol Hill occupational protest</a> in Seattle, for example, ended after white <a href="https://www.kuow.org/stories/shooting-in-seattle-s-chop-leaves-one-man-dead-one-wounded">security forces shot</a> two Black teenagers, killing one of them.<br><br>Osterweil also said she believes protesters should confront police who come to destroy the camp. Once it’s cleared out by police, a movement loses its energy, making it difficult to reestablish. “At this point where we are in terms of movements, I don't know of us having a force that would actually be capable of holding off a sustained attack from the police … but I think having as many people as possible for eviction defense and making it as expensive as possible for the police to take you out, I think is an important tactic to use.”</p><h4 style="white-space:pre-wrap;">“You won't make any progress on your demands if you just hold the encampment”</h4><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Osterweil advised that organizers consider their readiness to dedicate their time and energy before starting an occupational protest. You “won't make any progress on your demands if you just hold the encampment,” she said. It should instead be a base from which other actions take place, both a resource and a symbol in the larger fight. <br><br>By way of example, Osterweil referenced the Capitol Hill occupational protest again, which took over the police precinct in the area, but didn’t try to use the space to advance other actions. In contrast, housing protesters in Philadelphia gained ground when they expanded their protest with a <a href="https://philadelphiahousingaction.info/encampments/">second</a> homeless protest encampment. <br><br>“Even if the camp is the center of the protest, like in Philly here, where it’s tied to housing, we make more progress when we expand, when we move out of the camp [and] do protests elsewhere, make noise,” Osterweil said.</p><h4 style="white-space:pre-wrap;">For more on occupational protests, watch this on America’s housing crisis and evictions.</h4> </div> </div></div><div class="sqs-block video-block sqs-block-video" data-block-json="{"blockAnimation":"none","layout":"caption-hidden","overlay":false,"description":{"html":"<p class=\"\">video title</p>"},"hSize":null,"floatDir":null,"html":"<iframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/mnoWw8dZWnk?wmode=opaque&amp;enablejsapi=1\" height=\"480\" width=\"854\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\n</iframe>","url":"https://youtu.be/mnoWw8dZWnk","thumbnailUrl":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mnoWw8dZWnk/hqdefault.jpg","resolvedBy":"youtube"}" data-block-type="32" id="block-22609174a401eb9f2f13"><div class="sqs-block-content"><div class="sqs-video-wrapper" data-provider-name="" data-html="<iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/mnoWw8dZWnk?wmode=opaque&enablejsapi=1" height="480" width="854" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""><br/></iframe>"></div></div></div><div class="sqs-block horizontalrule-block sqs-block-horizontalrule" data-block-type="47" id="block-6ab2eef4b1669996e318"><div class="sqs-block-content"><hr /></div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" id="block-262d7359cc503574e6cb"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-html-content"> <h3 style="white-space:pre-wrap;">You might enjoy</h3> </div> </div></div><div class="sqs-block summary-v2-block sqs-block-summary-v2" data-block-json="{"collectionId":"5f21dbc51adde3260d4ba347","design":"list","headerText":"Featured","textSize":"medium","pageSize":4,"imageAspectRatio":"1.5","columnWidth":270,"gutter":60,"listImageSize":30,"listImageAlignment":"left","slidesPerRow":3,"textAlignment":"left","showTitle":true,"showThumbnail":true,"showExcerpt":true,"showReadMoreLink":false,"showPrice":true,"productQuickViewEnabled":false,"showPastOrUpcomingEvents":"upcoming","metadataPosition":"below-content","primaryMetadata":"date","secondaryMetadata":"none","filter":{"tag":"Good Trouble","categoryIds":null},"autoCrop":true,"lightbox":false,"mixedContent":true,"blockId":"9f837c380bc73ef2cfc9"}" data-block-type="55" id="block-e47f71575b09c8b02c6a"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class=" summary-block-wrapper summary-block-collection-type-blog-basic-grid summary-block-setting-text-size-medium summary-block-setting-text-align-left summary-block-setting-design-list summary-block-setting-design-list-thumbnail-left summary-block-setting-metadata-position-below-content summary-block-setting-primary-metadata-date summary-block-setting-secondary-metadata-none summary-block-setting-show-thumbnail summary-block-setting-show-title summary-block-setting-show-price summary-block-setting-show-excerpt sqs-gallery-design-list " > <div class="summary-item-list-container sqs-gallery-container"> <header class="summary-block-header"> <div class="summary-heading" data-animation-role="content"> <span class="summary-header-text">Featured</span> </div> <div class="summary-carousel-pager sqs-gallery-controls" data-animation-role="content"> <span class="summary-carousel-pager-prev previous" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Previous" ></span> <span class="summary-carousel-pager-next next" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Next" ></span> </div> </header> <div class="summary-item-list sqs-gallery"> <div class=" summary-item summary-item-record-type-text sqs-gallery-design-list-slide summary-item-has-thumbnail summary-item-has-excerpt summary-item-has-cats summary-item-has-tags summary-item-has-author " > <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> <a href="/stories/article-meet-the-tenant-organizers-taking-on-nycs-landlords-and-cops" class=" summary-thumbnail-container sqs-gallery-image-container " data-title="Meet the Tenant Organizers Taking On NYC’s Landlords and Cops" data-description="" > <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image">  <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1652793208223-W8Q5OD6FTYOX5AS9KQ6J/evictions_nyc.jpeg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1652793208223-W8Q5OD6FTYOX5AS9KQ6J/evictions_nyc.jpeg" data-image-dimensions="3500x2335" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Meet the Tenant Organizers Taking On NYC’s Landlords and Cops" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary">  <time class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--date" datetime="2022-05-14">May 14, 2022</time> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-title"> <a href="/stories/article-meet-the-tenant-organizers-taking-on-nycs-landlords-and-cops" class="summary-title-link">Meet the Tenant Organizers Taking On NYC’s Landlords and Cops</a></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary">  <time class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--date" datetime="2022-05-14">May 14, 2022</time> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-excerpt summary-excerpt-only "><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">New York City is in the midst of a full-blown housing crisis, with cops and real estate owners reaping the benefits.</p></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary">  <time class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--date" datetime="2022-05-14">May 14, 2022</time> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-item summary-item-record-type-text sqs-gallery-design-list-slide summary-item-has-thumbnail summary-item-has-excerpt summary-item-has-cats summary-item-has-tags summary-item-has-author " > <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> <a href="/stories/article-kids-books-for-the-revolution" class=" summary-thumbnail-container sqs-gallery-image-container " data-title="Kids’ Books for the Revolution" data-description="" > <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image">  <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1651779224126-1ZA7I5ZRTUU7SGAMAV16/antiracist+baby.jpeg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1651779224126-1ZA7I5ZRTUU7SGAMAV16/antiracist+baby.jpeg" data-image-dimensions="2560x2560" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Kids’ Books for the Revolution" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary">  <time class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--date" datetime="2022-04-07">Apr 7, 2022</time> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-title"> <a href="/stories/article-kids-books-for-the-revolution" class="summary-title-link">Kids’ Books for the Revolution</a></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary">  <time class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--date" datetime="2022-04-07">Apr 7, 2022</time> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-excerpt summary-excerpt-only "><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Inspire the next generation of dreamers and activists to learn more about the world around them.</p></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary">  <time class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--date" datetime="2022-04-07">Apr 7, 2022</time> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-item summary-item-record-type-text sqs-gallery-design-list-slide summary-item-has-thumbnail summary-item-has-excerpt summary-item-has-cats summary-item-has-tags summary-item-has-author " > <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> <a href="/stories/article-understanding-the-kaepernick-effect" class=" summary-thumbnail-container sqs-gallery-image-container " data-title="Understanding ‘The Kaepernick Effect’" data-description="" > <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image">  <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1649267134524-55K6TUI8G1IZA169DZO8/kaep.jpeg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1649267134524-55K6TUI8G1IZA169DZO8/kaep.jpeg" data-image-dimensions="1200x675" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Understanding ‘The Kaepernick Effect’" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary">  <time class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--date" datetime="2021-12-11">Dec 11, 2021</time> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-title"> <a href="/stories/article-understanding-the-kaepernick-effect" class="summary-title-link">Understanding ‘The Kaepernick Effect’</a></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary">  <time class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--date" datetime="2021-12-11">Dec 11, 2021</time> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-excerpt summary-excerpt-only "><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Student athlete-led protests have changed the popular narrative that sports are apolitical.</p></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary">  <time class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--date" datetime="2021-12-11">Dec 11, 2021</time> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-item summary-item-record-type-text sqs-gallery-design-list-slide summary-item-has-thumbnail summary-item-has-excerpt summary-item-has-cats summary-item-has-tags summary-item-has-author " > <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> <a href="/stories/the-legacy-of-a-chicago-teachers-union-leader" class=" summary-thumbnail-container sqs-gallery-image-container " data-title="The Legacy of a Chicago Teacher’s Union Leader" data-description="" > <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image">  <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1612899574508-XDVRZN698U92IVTZOZST/Karen_Lewis_Chicago.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f21dbb91adde3260d4ba1ef/1612899574508-XDVRZN698U92IVTZOZST/Karen_Lewis_Chicago.jpg" data-image-dimensions="1632x1080" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="The Legacy of a Chicago Teacher’s Union Leader" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary">  <time class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--date" datetime="2021-02-09">Feb 9, 2021</time> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-title"> <a href="/stories/the-legacy-of-a-chicago-teachers-union-leader" class="summary-title-link">The Legacy of a Chicago Teacher’s Union Leader</a></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary">  <time class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--date" datetime="2021-02-09">Feb 9, 2021</time> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-excerpt summary-excerpt-only "><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Karen Lewis, the founder of nationwide teacher’s strikes, has died.</p></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary">  <time class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--date" datetime="2021-02-09">Feb 9, 2021</time> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="blog-meta-item blog-meta-item--tags" data-content-field="tags"> <span class="blog-item-tag-wrapper"><a href="/stories/tag/Good+Trouble" class="blog-item-tag blog-item-tag--good-trouble" rel="tag">Good Trouble</a></span><span class="blog-item-tag-wrapper"><a href="/stories/tag/Solutions" class="blog-item-tag blog-item-tag--solutions" rel="tag">Solutions</a></span><span class="blog-item-tag-wrapper"><a href="/stories/tag/Samantha+Grasso" class="blog-item-tag blog-item-tag--samantha-grasso" rel="tag">Samantha Grasso</a></span><span class="blog-item-tag-wrapper"><a href="/stories/tag/Protests" class="blog-item-tag blog-item-tag--protests" rel="tag">Protests</a></span><span class="blog-item-tag-wrapper"><a href="/stories/tag/Activism" class="blog-item-tag blog-item-tag--activism" rel="tag">Activism</a></span><span class="blog-item-tag-wrapper"><a href="/stories/tag/Subtext" class="blog-item-tag blog-item-tag--subtext" rel="tag">Subtext</a></span><span class="blog-item-tag-wrapper"><a href="/stories/tag/Homepage" class="blog-item-tag blog-item-tag--homepage" rel="tag">Homepage</a></span> </div> <div class="blog-item-author-profile-wrapper" data-content-field="author"> <a href="/stories?author=5f4ff47445de701d4776d1d3"> <span class="author-name">AJ+</span> </a> </div> </div> <section class="blog-item-comments"> <div class="blog-item-comments-toggle-wrapper"> <div id="blogItemCommentsContent" class="blog-item-comments-content" data-content-field="comments"> </div> </div> </section> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </section> </article> <section id="itemPagination" class="item-pagination item-pagination--prev-next" data-collection-type="blog-basic-grid" > <a href="/stories/the-home-edit-reorganizes-a-house-on-fire" class="item-pagination-link item-pagination-link--prev"> <div class="item-pagination-icon icon icon--stroke"> <svg class="caret-left-icon--small" viewBox="0 0 9 16"> <polyline fill="none" stroke-miterlimit="10" points="7.3,14.7 2.5,8 7.3,1.2"/> </svg> </div> <span class="pagination-title-wrapper"> <div class="visually-hidden">Previous</div> <div class="item-pagination-prev-next">Previous</div> <h2 class="item-pagination-title">The Home Edit</em> Reorganizes a House on Fire</h2> </span> </a> <a href="/stories/heres-what-its-like-to-be-incarcerated-and-fighting-wildfires" class="item-pagination-link item-pagination-link--next"> <div class="pagination-title-wrapper"> <div class="visually-hidden">Next</div> <div class="item-pagination-prev-next">Next</div> <h2 class="item-pagination-title">Here’s What it’s Like to be Incarcerated and Fighting Wildfires</h2> </div> <div class="item-pagination-icon icon icon--stroke"> <svg class="caret-right-icon--small" viewBox="0 0 9 16"> <polyline fill="none" stroke-miterlimit="10" points="1.6,1.2 6.5,7.9 1.6,14.7"/> </svg> </div> </a> </section> </main> <footer class="sections" id="footer-sections" data-footer-sections> <section data-test="page-section" data-section-theme="dark-bold" class='page-section layout-engine-section background-width--full-bleed section-height--small content-width--narrow horizontal-alignment--center vertical-alignment--top dark-bold' data-section-id="5f4d1835dbfdf3319c52726a" data-controller="SectionWrapperController" data-current-styles="{ "imageOverlayOpacity": 0.15, "backgroundWidth": "background-width--full-bleed", "sectionHeight": "section-height--small", "customSectionHeight": 15, "horizontalAlignment": "horizontal-alignment--center", "verticalAlignment": "vertical-alignment--top", "contentWidth": "content-width--narrow", "customContentWidth": 50, "sectionTheme": "dark-bold", "sectionAnimation": "none", "backgroundMode": "image" }" data-current-context="{ "video": { "playbackSpeed": 0.5, "filter": 1, "filterStrength": 0, "zoom": 0, "videoSourceProvider": "none" }, "backgroundImageId": null, "backgroundMediaEffect": null, "divider": null, "typeName": "blog-basic-grid" }" data-animation="none" > <div class="section-border" > <div class="section-background"> </div> </div> <div class='content-wrapper' style=' ' > <div class="content" > <div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12" data-type="page-section" id="page-section-5f4d1835dbfdf3319c52726a"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-12 span-12"><div class="sqs-block horizontalrule-block sqs-block-horizontalrule" data-block-type="47" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1598886359661_50986"><div class="sqs-block-content"><hr /></div></div><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-6 span-6"><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-border-radii="{"topLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"topRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0}}" id="block-1805de0fdb3aeb585783"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-html-content"> <p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>AJ+ ENGLISH</strong></p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="/about">About</a> </p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="/contact-us">Contact Us</a></p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="/press">Press</a> </p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="/jobs">Jobs</a></p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="https://privacy.aljazeera.net/cookie/" target="_blank">Cookie Policy </a></p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="https://privacy.aljazeera.net/" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> </p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></p> </div> </div></div><div class="sqs-block code-block sqs-block-code" data-block-type="23" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1601722666476_8115"><div class="sqs-block-content"><div style="text-align:left;"> <a class="sqsrte-small" href="#" onclick="javascript:(window.gateway && gateway.openModal()) || (window.OneTrust && window.OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay())" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><u>Manage Cookies</u></strong></a> </div> </div></div></div><div class="col sqs-col-6 span-6"><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-border-radii="{"topLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"topRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0}}" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1600958966164_11784"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-html-content"> <p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>OUR CHANNELS </strong></p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="https://global.ajplus.net/arabi">AJ+ عربي</a></p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="https://global.ajplus.net/espanol">AJ+ Español</a></p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="https://global.ajplus.net/francais">AJ+ français</a></p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="http://aljazeera.net/" target="">Al Jazeera Arabic</a></p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/" target="">Al Jazeera English</a></p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="https://balkans.aljazeera.net">Al Jazeera Balkans</a></p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="http://mubasher.aljazeera.net/" target="">Al Jazeera Mubasher</a></p><p class="sqsrte-small" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="http://doc.aljazeera.net/" target="">Al Jazeera Documentary</a></p> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="sqs-block horizontalrule-block sqs-block-horizontalrule" data-block-type="47" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1600974405892_13725"><div class="sqs-block-content"><hr /></div></div><div class="sqs-block socialaccountlinks-v2-block sqs-block-socialaccountlinks-v2" data-block-type="54" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1602631747305_9518"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-svg-icon--outer social-icon-alignment-center social-icons-color- social-icons-size-extra-large social-icons-shape-circle social-icons-style-solid" > <style> #block-yui_3_17_2_1_1602631747305_9518 .social-icons-style-border .sqs-svg-icon--wrapper { box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px inset; border: none; } </style> <nav class="sqs-svg-icon--list"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/ajplusenglish/" target="_blank" class="sqs-svg-icon--wrapper facebook-unauth" aria-label="Facebook"> <div> <svg class="sqs-svg-icon--social" viewBox="0 0 64 64"> <use class="sqs-use--icon" xlink:href="#facebook-unauth-icon"></use> <use class="sqs-use--mask" xlink:href="#facebook-unauth-mask"></use> </svg> </div> </a><a href="http://instagram.com/ajplus" target="_blank" class="sqs-svg-icon--wrapper instagram-unauth" aria-label="Instagram"> <div> <svg class="sqs-svg-icon--social" viewBox="0 0 64 64"> <use class="sqs-use--icon" xlink:href="#instagram-unauth-icon"></use> <use class="sqs-use--mask" xlink:href="#instagram-unauth-mask"></use> </svg> </div> </a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ajplus" target="_blank" class="sqs-svg-icon--wrapper youtube-unauth" aria-label="YouTube"> <div> <svg class="sqs-svg-icon--social" viewBox="0 0 64 64"> <use class="sqs-use--icon" xlink:href="#youtube-unauth-icon"></use> <use class="sqs-use--mask" xlink:href="#youtube-unauth-mask"></use> </svg> </div> </a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/yelmjouie" target="_blank" class="sqs-svg-icon--wrapper instagram-unauth" aria-label="Instagram"> <div> <svg class="sqs-svg-icon--social" viewBox="0 0 64 64"> <use class="sqs-use--icon" xlink:href="#instagram-unauth-icon"></use> <use class="sqs-use--mask" xlink:href="#instagram-unauth-mask"></use> </svg> </div> </a> </nav> </div> </div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-border-radii="{"topLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"topRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0}}" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1601912662092_7458"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-html-content"> <p style="text-align:center;white-space:pre-wrap;" class="sqsrte-small">© 2013-2021 AJ+ All Rights Reserved</p> </div> </div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </section> </footer> </div> <script defer="true" src="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/vta/5c5a519771c10ba3470d8101/scripts/site-bundle.7a52a694fd4248c18775c6aa813a0358.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" style="display:none" data-usage="social-icons-svg"><symbol id="facebook-unauth-icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><path d="M34.1,47V33.3h4.6l0.7-5.3h-5.3v-3.4c0-1.5,0.4-2.6,2.6-2.6l2.8,0v-4.8c-0.5-0.1-2.2-0.2-4.1-0.2 c-4.1,0-6.9,2.5-6.9,7V28H24v5.3h4.6V47H34.1z"/></symbol><symbol id="facebook-unauth-mask" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><path d="M0,0v64h64V0H0z M39.6,22l-2.8,0c-2.2,0-2.6,1.1-2.6,2.6V28h5.3l-0.7,5.3h-4.6V47h-5.5V33.3H24V28h4.6V24 c0-4.6,2.8-7,6.9-7c2,0,3.6,0.1,4.1,0.2V22z"/></symbol><symbol id="instagram-unauth-icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><path d="M46.91,25.816c-0.073-1.597-0.326-2.687-0.697-3.641c-0.383-0.986-0.896-1.823-1.73-2.657c-0.834-0.834-1.67-1.347-2.657-1.73c-0.954-0.371-2.045-0.624-3.641-0.697C36.585,17.017,36.074,17,32,17s-4.585,0.017-6.184,0.09c-1.597,0.073-2.687,0.326-3.641,0.697c-0.986,0.383-1.823,0.896-2.657,1.73c-0.834,0.834-1.347,1.67-1.73,2.657c-0.371,0.954-0.624,2.045-0.697,3.641C17.017,27.415,17,27.926,17,32c0,4.074,0.017,4.585,0.09,6.184c0.073,1.597,0.326,2.687,0.697,3.641c0.383,0.986,0.896,1.823,1.73,2.657c0.834,0.834,1.67,1.347,2.657,1.73c0.954,0.371,2.045,0.624,3.641,0.697C27.415,46.983,27.926,47,32,47s4.585-0.017,6.184-0.09c1.597-0.073,2.687-0.326,3.641-0.697c0.986-0.383,1.823-0.896,2.657-1.73c0.834-0.834,1.347-1.67,1.73-2.657c0.371-0.954,0.624-2.045,0.697-3.641C46.983,36.585,47,36.074,47,32S46.983,27.415,46.91,25.816z M44.21,38.061c-0.067,1.462-0.311,2.257-0.516,2.785c-0.272,0.7-0.597,1.2-1.122,1.725c-0.525,0.525-1.025,0.85-1.725,1.122c-0.529,0.205-1.323,0.45-2.785,0.516c-1.581,0.072-2.056,0.087-6.061,0.087s-4.48-0.015-6.061-0.087c-1.462-0.067-2.257-0.311-2.785-0.516c-0.7-0.272-1.2-0.597-1.725-1.122c-0.525-0.525-0.85-1.025-1.122-1.725c-0.205-0.529-0.45-1.323-0.516-2.785c-0.072-1.582-0.087-2.056-0.087-6.061s0.015-4.48,0.087-6.061c0.067-1.462,0.311-2.257,0.516-2.785c0.272-0.7,0.597-1.2,1.122-1.725c0.525-0.525,1.025-0.85,1.725-1.122c0.529-0.205,1.323-0.45,2.785-0.516c1.582-0.072,2.056-0.087,6.061-0.087s4.48,0.015,6.061,0.087c1.462,0.067,2.257,0.311,2.785,0.516c0.7,0.272,1.2,0.597,1.725,1.122c0.525,0.525,0.85,1.025,1.122,1.725c0.205,0.529,0.45,1.323,0.516,2.785c0.072,1.582,0.087,2.056,0.087,6.061S44.282,36.48,44.21,38.061z M32,24.297c-4.254,0-7.703,3.449-7.703,7.703c0,4.254,3.449,7.703,7.703,7.703c4.254,0,7.703-3.449,7.703-7.703C39.703,27.746,36.254,24.297,32,24.297z M32,37c-2.761,0-5-2.239-5-5c0-2.761,2.239-5,5-5s5,2.239,5,5C37,34.761,34.761,37,32,37z M40.007,22.193c-0.994,0-1.8,0.806-1.8,1.8c0,0.994,0.806,1.8,1.8,1.8c0.994,0,1.8-0.806,1.8-1.8C41.807,22.999,41.001,22.193,40.007,22.193z"/></symbol><symbol id="instagram-unauth-mask" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><path d="M43.693,23.153c-0.272-0.7-0.597-1.2-1.122-1.725c-0.525-0.525-1.025-0.85-1.725-1.122c-0.529-0.205-1.323-0.45-2.785-0.517c-1.582-0.072-2.056-0.087-6.061-0.087s-4.48,0.015-6.061,0.087c-1.462,0.067-2.257,0.311-2.785,0.517c-0.7,0.272-1.2,0.597-1.725,1.122c-0.525,0.525-0.85,1.025-1.122,1.725c-0.205,0.529-0.45,1.323-0.516,2.785c-0.072,1.582-0.087,2.056-0.087,6.061s0.015,4.48,0.087,6.061c0.067,1.462,0.311,2.257,0.516,2.785c0.272,0.7,0.597,1.2,1.122,1.725s1.025,0.85,1.725,1.122c0.529,0.205,1.323,0.45,2.785,0.516c1.581,0.072,2.056,0.087,6.061,0.087s4.48-0.015,6.061-0.087c1.462-0.067,2.257-0.311,2.785-0.516c0.7-0.272,1.2-0.597,1.725-1.122s0.85-1.025,1.122-1.725c0.205-0.529,0.45-1.323,0.516-2.785c0.072-1.582,0.087-2.056,0.087-6.061s-0.015-4.48-0.087-6.061C44.143,24.476,43.899,23.682,43.693,23.153z M32,39.703c-4.254,0-7.703-3.449-7.703-7.703s3.449-7.703,7.703-7.703s7.703,3.449,7.703,7.703S36.254,39.703,32,39.703z M40.007,25.793c-0.994,0-1.8-0.806-1.8-1.8c0-0.994,0.806-1.8,1.8-1.8c0.994,0,1.8,0.806,1.8,1.8C41.807,24.987,41.001,25.793,40.007,25.793z M0,0v64h64V0H0z M46.91,38.184c-0.073,1.597-0.326,2.687-0.697,3.641c-0.383,0.986-0.896,1.823-1.73,2.657c-0.834,0.834-1.67,1.347-2.657,1.73c-0.954,0.371-2.044,0.624-3.641,0.697C36.585,46.983,36.074,47,32,47s-4.585-0.017-6.184-0.09c-1.597-0.073-2.687-0.326-3.641-0.697c-0.986-0.383-1.823-0.896-2.657-1.73c-0.834-0.834-1.347-1.67-1.73-2.657c-0.371-0.954-0.624-2.044-0.697-3.641C17.017,36.585,17,36.074,17,32c0-4.074,0.017-4.585,0.09-6.185c0.073-1.597,0.326-2.687,0.697-3.641c0.383-0.986,0.896-1.823,1.73-2.657c0.834-0.834,1.67-1.347,2.657-1.73c0.954-0.371,2.045-0.624,3.641-0.697C27.415,17.017,27.926,17,32,17s4.585,0.017,6.184,0.09c1.597,0.073,2.687,0.326,3.641,0.697c0.986,0.383,1.823,0.896,2.657,1.73c0.834,0.834,1.347,1.67,1.73,2.657c0.371,0.954,0.624,2.044,0.697,3.641C46.983,27.415,47,27.926,47,32C47,36.074,46.983,36.585,46.91,38.184z M32,27c-2.761,0-5,2.239-5,5s2.239,5,5,5s5-2.239,5-5S34.761,27,32,27z"/></symbol><symbol id="youtube-unauth-icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><path d="M46.7,26c0,0-0.3-2.1-1.2-3c-1.1-1.2-2.4-1.2-3-1.3C38.3,21.4,32,21.4,32,21.4h0 c0,0-6.3,0-10.5,0.3c-0.6,0.1-1.9,0.1-3,1.3c-0.9,0.9-1.2,3-1.2,3S17,28.4,17,30.9v2.3c0,2.4,0.3,4.9,0.3,4.9s0.3,2.1,1.2,3 c1.1,1.2,2.6,1.2,3.3,1.3c2.4,0.2,10.2,0.3,10.2,0.3s6.3,0,10.5-0.3c0.6-0.1,1.9-0.1,3-1.3c0.9-0.9,1.2-3,1.2-3s0.3-2.4,0.3-4.9 v-2.3C47,28.4,46.7,26,46.7,26z M28.9,35.9l0-8.4l8.1,4.2L28.9,35.9z"/></symbol><symbol id="youtube-unauth-mask" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><path d="M0,0v64h64V0H0z M47,33.1c0,2.4-0.3,4.9-0.3,4.9s-0.3,2.1-1.2,3c-1.1,1.2-2.4,1.2-3,1.3 C38.3,42.5,32,42.6,32,42.6s-7.8-0.1-10.2-0.3c-0.7-0.1-2.2-0.1-3.3-1.3c-0.9-0.9-1.2-3-1.2-3S17,35.6,17,33.1v-2.3 c0-2.4,0.3-4.9,0.3-4.9s0.3-2.1,1.2-3c1.1-1.2,2.4-1.2,3-1.3c4.2-0.3,10.5-0.3,10.5-0.3h0c0,0,6.3,0,10.5,0.3c0.6,0.1,1.9,0.1,3,1.3 c0.9,0.9,1.2,3,1.2,3s0.3,2.4,0.3,4.9V33.1z M28.9,35.9l8.1-4.2l-8.1-4.2L28.9,35.9z"/></symbol><symbol id="instagram-unauth-icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><path d="M46.91,25.816c-0.073-1.597-0.326-2.687-0.697-3.641c-0.383-0.986-0.896-1.823-1.73-2.657c-0.834-0.834-1.67-1.347-2.657-1.73c-0.954-0.371-2.045-0.624-3.641-0.697C36.585,17.017,36.074,17,32,17s-4.585,0.017-6.184,0.09c-1.597,0.073-2.687,0.326-3.641,0.697c-0.986,0.383-1.823,0.896-2.657,1.73c-0.834,0.834-1.347,1.67-1.73,2.657c-0.371,0.954-0.624,2.045-0.697,3.641C17.017,27.415,17,27.926,17,32c0,4.074,0.017,4.585,0.09,6.184c0.073,1.597,0.326,2.687,0.697,3.641c0.383,0.986,0.896,1.823,1.73,2.657c0.834,0.834,1.67,1.347,2.657,1.73c0.954,0.371,2.045,0.624,3.641,0.697C27.415,46.983,27.926,47,32,47s4.585-0.017,6.184-0.09c1.597-0.073,2.687-0.326,3.641-0.697c0.986-0.383,1.823-0.896,2.657-1.73c0.834-0.834,1.347-1.67,1.73-2.657c0.371-0.954,0.624-2.045,0.697-3.641C46.983,36.585,47,36.074,47,32S46.983,27.415,46.91,25.816z M44.21,38.061c-0.067,1.462-0.311,2.257-0.516,2.785c-0.272,0.7-0.597,1.2-1.122,1.725c-0.525,0.525-1.025,0.85-1.725,1.122c-0.529,0.205-1.323,0.45-2.785,0.516c-1.581,0.072-2.056,0.087-6.061,0.087s-4.48-0.015-6.061-0.087c-1.462-0.067-2.257-0.311-2.785-0.516c-0.7-0.272-1.2-0.597-1.725-1.122c-0.525-0.525-0.85-1.025-1.122-1.725c-0.205-0.529-0.45-1.323-0.516-2.785c-0.072-1.582-0.087-2.056-0.087-6.061s0.015-4.48,0.087-6.061c0.067-1.462,0.311-2.257,0.516-2.785c0.272-0.7,0.597-1.2,1.122-1.725c0.525-0.525,1.025-0.85,1.725-1.122c0.529-0.205,1.323-0.45,2.785-0.516c1.582-0.072,2.056-0.087,6.061-0.087s4.48,0.015,6.061,0.087c1.462,0.067,2.257,0.311,2.785,0.516c0.7,0.272,1.2,0.597,1.725,1.122c0.525,0.525,0.85,1.025,1.122,1.725c0.205,0.529,0.45,1.323,0.516,2.785c0.072,1.582,0.087,2.056,0.087,6.061S44.282,36.48,44.21,38.061z M32,24.297c-4.254,0-7.703,3.449-7.703,7.703c0,4.254,3.449,7.703,7.703,7.703c4.254,0,7.703-3.449,7.703-7.703C39.703,27.746,36.254,24.297,32,24.297z M32,37c-2.761,0-5-2.239-5-5c0-2.761,2.239-5,5-5s5,2.239,5,5C37,34.761,34.761,37,32,37z M40.007,22.193c-0.994,0-1.8,0.806-1.8,1.8c0,0.994,0.806,1.8,1.8,1.8c0.994,0,1.8-0.806,1.8-1.8C41.807,22.999,41.001,22.193,40.007,22.193z"/></symbol><symbol id="instagram-unauth-mask" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><path d="M43.693,23.153c-0.272-0.7-0.597-1.2-1.122-1.725c-0.525-0.525-1.025-0.85-1.725-1.122c-0.529-0.205-1.323-0.45-2.785-0.517c-1.582-0.072-2.056-0.087-6.061-0.087s-4.48,0.015-6.061,0.087c-1.462,0.067-2.257,0.311-2.785,0.517c-0.7,0.272-1.2,0.597-1.725,1.122c-0.525,0.525-0.85,1.025-1.122,1.725c-0.205,0.529-0.45,1.323-0.516,2.785c-0.072,1.582-0.087,2.056-0.087,6.061s0.015,4.48,0.087,6.061c0.067,1.462,0.311,2.257,0.516,2.785c0.272,0.7,0.597,1.2,1.122,1.725s1.025,0.85,1.725,1.122c0.529,0.205,1.323,0.45,2.785,0.516c1.581,0.072,2.056,0.087,6.061,0.087s4.48-0.015,6.061-0.087c1.462-0.067,2.257-0.311,2.785-0.516c0.7-0.272,1.2-0.597,1.725-1.122s0.85-1.025,1.122-1.725c0.205-0.529,0.45-1.323,0.516-2.785c0.072-1.582,0.087-2.056,0.087-6.061s-0.015-4.48-0.087-6.061C44.143,24.476,43.899,23.682,43.693,23.153z M32,39.703c-4.254,0-7.703-3.449-7.703-7.703s3.449-7.703,7.703-7.703s7.703,3.449,7.703,7.703S36.254,39.703,32,39.703z M40.007,25.793c-0.994,0-1.8-0.806-1.8-1.8c0-0.994,0.806-1.8,1.8-1.8c0.994,0,1.8,0.806,1.8,1.8C41.807,24.987,41.001,25.793,40.007,25.793z M0,0v64h64V0H0z M46.91,38.184c-0.073,1.597-0.326,2.687-0.697,3.641c-0.383,0.986-0.896,1.823-1.73,2.657c-0.834,0.834-1.67,1.347-2.657,1.73c-0.954,0.371-2.044,0.624-3.641,0.697C36.585,46.983,36.074,47,32,47s-4.585-0.017-6.184-0.09c-1.597-0.073-2.687-0.326-3.641-0.697c-0.986-0.383-1.823-0.896-2.657-1.73c-0.834-0.834-1.347-1.67-1.73-2.657c-0.371-0.954-0.624-2.044-0.697-3.641C17.017,36.585,17,36.074,17,32c0-4.074,0.017-4.585,0.09-6.185c0.073-1.597,0.326-2.687,0.697-3.641c0.383-0.986,0.896-1.823,1.73-2.657c0.834-0.834,1.67-1.347,2.657-1.73c0.954-0.371,2.045-0.624,3.641-0.697C27.415,17.017,27.926,17,32,17s4.585,0.017,6.184,0.09c1.597,0.073,2.687,0.326,3.641,0.697c0.986,0.383,1.823,0.896,2.657,1.73c0.834,0.834,1.347,1.67,1.73,2.657c0.371,0.954,0.624,2.044,0.697,3.641C46.983,27.415,47,27.926,47,32C47,36.074,46.983,36.585,46.91,38.184z M32,27c-2.761,0-5,2.239-5,5s2.239,5,5,5s5-2.239,5-5S34.761,27,32,27z"/></symbol></svg> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

These are the Politics of Protest Encampments — AJ+