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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lighting of the Washington Monument</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lighting_of_the_Washington_Monument-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Restoration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Restoration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)&params=39_17_51_N_76_36_57_W_region:US-MD_scale:10000_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°17′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°36′57″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.29750°N 76.61583°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.29750; -76.61583</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Monument in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the monument in Druid Hill Park, see <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bartholomew)" title="George Washington (Bartholomew)">George Washington (Bartholomew)</a>. For the monument in the District of Columbia, see <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Washington Monument</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Monument_(Baltimore).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Washington_Monument_%28Baltimore%29.png/220px-Washington_Monument_%28Baltimore%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Washington_Monument_%28Baltimore%29.png/330px-Washington_Monument_%28Baltimore%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Washington_Monument_%28Baltimore%29.png/440px-Washington_Monument_%28Baltimore%29.png 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="1254" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Washington Monument in Baltimore</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-lat="39.2975" data-lon="-76.615833333333" data-overlays="["_385fd77e57d77fe2edc4e2339f388ae57be86c37"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/13/39.2975/-76.615833333333/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,39.2975,-76.615833333333,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Washington_Monument_%28Baltimore%29&revid=1257980429&groups=_385fd77e57d77fe2edc4e2339f388ae57be86c37" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,39.2975,-76.615833333333,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Washington_Monument_%28Baltimore%29&revid=1257980429&groups=_385fd77e57d77fe2edc4e2339f388ae57be86c37 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)&params=39_17_51_N_76_36_57_W_region:US-MD_scale:10000_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°17′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°36′57″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.29750°N 76.61583°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.29750; -76.61583</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mills_(architect)" title="Robert Mills (architect)">Robert Mills</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Colossal <a href="/wiki/Doric_order" title="Doric order">Doric</a> column</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Material</th><td class="infobox-data">White marble</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">178 feet 8 inches (54.46 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Beginning date</th><td class="infobox-data">1815</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completion date</th><td class="infobox-data">1829</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening date</th><td class="infobox-data">1815 [site visitation]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dedicated to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #ecaf18; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_City_Landmarks" title="Baltimore City Landmarks">Baltimore City Landmark</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1975</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Washington Monument</b> is the centerpiece of intersecting Mount Vernon Place and Washington Place, an urban square in the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Baltimore" title="Mount Vernon, Baltimore">Mount Vernon-Belvedere</a> neighborhood north of downtown <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>. It was the first major <a href="/wiki/Monument" title="Monument">monument</a> to honor <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> (1732–1799). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Monument, a colossal landmark column, was designed by American architect <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mills_(architect)" title="Robert Mills (architect)">Robert Mills</a> (1781–1855), who also designed the later <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> on the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> Construction began in 1815 on land donated by Colonel <a href="/wiki/John_Eager_Howard" title="John Eager Howard">John Eager Howard</a> (1752–1827), from his extensive "Belvidere" estate just north of Baltimore Town, and the masonry work was completed by 1829. The 178 foot, 8 inch <a href="/wiki/Doric_order" title="Doric order">doric</a> column holds a ground-floor gallery offering digital exhibits about the construction of the Monument, the history of Mount Vernon and Washington Places neighborhood and of the life and accomplishments of General and President George Washington. Climbing the 227 steps to the top provides a view of the city from the historic neighborhood where it is located. Its neighbors and cultural institutions within a few blocks include the <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Institute" title="Peabody Institute">Peabody Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Walters_Art_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Walters Art Museum">The Walters Art Museum</a>, the Central Library of the <a href="/wiki/Enoch_Pratt_Free_Library" title="Enoch Pratt Free Library">Enoch Pratt Free Library</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Center_for_History_and_Culture" title="Maryland Center for History and Culture">Maryland Center for History and Culture</a> with its <a href="/wiki/Enoch_Pratt" title="Enoch Pratt">Enoch Pratt Mansion</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Assumption_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Baltimore)">Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> (old Baltimore Cathedral), and the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_School_for_the_Arts" title="Baltimore School for the Arts">Baltimore School for the Arts</a> (public high school). </p><p>The glorification of Washington began long before his death at his <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a> estate, along the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> in December 1799. The old <a href="/wiki/Confederation_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation Congress">Confederation Congress</a> (1781–1789 under <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union</a>) had first announced a desire for a sculpture in his honor in 1783 after the end of the War and of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_resignation_as_commander-in-chief" title="George Washington's resignation as commander-in-chief">General Washington's resigning of his commission</a> and after his death, revived the idea of a memorial. However, these expressions of honor in the national capital floundered and would not be realized for decades. A monument honoring Washington in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Baltimore" title="History of Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, then an up-and-coming rising town, the third largest in North America, was first proposed as early as 1807, and in 1809 a Board of Managers of private citizens formed to commission and fund the monument intended to be erected in the old former colonial-era Courthouse Square on North Calvert Street, between East Lexington and East Fayette Streets (today's location of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_Monument_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle Monument Square">Battle Monument Square</a>, constructed simultaneously 1815–1822). In 1810, the first lottery authorized by the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">General Assembly of Maryland</a>, was held. In 1813, an architectural competition was announced with a $500 prize to design and build the Monument at a cost of $100,000. Mills's design was chosen in 1814, the architect having taken pains to demonstrate to the Board of Managers that he was the first native born American with architectural training. The cornerstone was laid with great ceremony on <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a>, July 4, 1815.<sup id="cite_ref-mvpconservancy.org_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mvpconservancy.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mills's competition-winning designs included rich ornamentation, six iron galleries (balconies) dividing the exterior shaft into seven sections with text and images on each level highlighting important moments in Washington's life. An interior spiral staircase led to the top, where surmounting the column Washington was depicted in a <a href="/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga">quadriga</a>. Concerns over the expense of this design, as well as its projected height caused later changes in not only its design, but location. Residents of old Courthouse Square feared the tall column would fall on their houses in the event of some natural disaster, so a new location was found in Howard's Woods, north of the city, on the "Belvidere" estate and with a 200 square feet of surrounding land for future public squares/parks, which was donated by noted leading citizen, <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> hero, Col. <a href="/wiki/John_Eager_Howard" title="John Eager Howard">John Eager Howard</a>, (1752–1827) of the famed "<a href="/wiki/Maryland_Line" title="Maryland Line">Maryland Line</a>" regiment of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a>. </p><p>By the time the Monument's cornerstone was laid in Howard's Woods in 1815, Mills had significantly simplified the original elaborate design as depicted in an account of the Fourth of July ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-mvpconservancy.org_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mvpconservancy.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design of the completed column is very similar to the <a href="/wiki/Place_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Place Vendôme">Colonne Vendôme</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris, France">Paris</a>, which ultimately derived from <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Trajan's Column</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome, Italy">Rome</a> and was adopted in this time of the increasing popularity of <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a> in <a href="/wiki/American_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="American architecture">American architecture</a>. </p><p>The dignified cornerstone ceremony was overseen by the Monument's Board of Managers. Board President and noted citizen, James Buchanan observed that the city of Baltimore had not only "the glory of being the first to erect a monument of gratitude to the father and benefactor of our country," but that it had a "peculiar propriety" in erecting "this first expression of national gratitude," because of its successful defense against the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baltimore" title="Battle of Baltimore">Battle of Baltimore</a> the previous fall.<sup id="cite_ref-archive.org_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the ceremony it was declared that the Monument was to stand as "memorial of the blessings and advantages that our country derived from the character of and conduct of that personage whose name it is to bear, and whose virtues it is to perpetuate." Following speeches, the cornerstone was laid by <a href="/wiki/Levin_Winder" title="Levin Winder">Levin Winder</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maryland" title="Governor of Maryland">Governor of Maryland</a> and head of the Maryland <a href="/wiki/Freemasons" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemasons">Freemasons</a>, in a dignified masonic ceremony. The entire proceedings were printed in the local newspaper, picked up by newspapers in other major cities, and published in a souvenir booklet with illustrations.<sup id="cite_ref-archive.org_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Monument,_1890_1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4d/Washington_Monument%2C_1890_1a.jpg/220px-Washington_Monument%2C_1890_1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4d/Washington_Monument%2C_1890_1a.jpg/330px-Washington_Monument%2C_1890_1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4d/Washington_Monument%2C_1890_1a.jpg/440px-Washington_Monument%2C_1890_1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption>Baltimore's Washington Monument, 1890 (looking north)</figcaption></figure> <p>Almost from the moment the cornerstone was laid, and particularly as the structure began to rise out of the ground (the first marble was laid in 1816), the Monument was a destination and an active memorial. In June 1817, during fifth President <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a>'s visit to the city, his itinerary included a visit to the Monument. Construction sites in the early nineteenth century were not what they are today, and during the building period it is clear the Monument was visited inside and out. As early as 1819 guests were leaving evidence of their visit in the Monument's subterranean vaults. By shortly after 1820 with the column proper largely complete with its integral interior staircase, visitors were already climbing to the top. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> newspaper editor Nathaniel H. Carter visited in February 1823 and climbed to the top, escorted by a boy with a candle, to take in the views of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The monument, constructed of marble from three quarries further north in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_County,_Maryland" title="Baltimore County, Maryland">Baltimore County, Maryland</a>, rises 178 feet 8 inches and consists of three main elements: a low, square base containing a gallery; a plain, unfluted column; and, atop the column, a standing figure of Washington. The marble was sourced from three quarries: the base from General <a href="/wiki/Charles_Carnan_Ridgely" title="Charles Carnan Ridgely">Charles Carnan Ridgely</a>'s (1760–1829), quarry, (near his <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore County">Baltimore County</a> estate of <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Mansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hampton Mansion">Hampton Mansion</a> near <a href="/wiki/Towson,_Maryland" title="Towson, Maryland">Towsontown</a>), the column and other details from Scott's quarry, and the statue from the quarry of Mrs. Frances D. T. Taylor.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Monument_Baltimore_06_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Washington_Monument_Baltimore_06_2017.jpg/220px-Washington_Monument_Baltimore_06_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Washington_Monument_Baltimore_06_2017.jpg/330px-Washington_Monument_Baltimore_06_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Washington_Monument_Baltimore_06_2017.jpg/440px-Washington_Monument_Baltimore_06_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2201" data-file-height="3435" /></a><figcaption>Statue by Causici of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_resignation_as_commander-in-chief" title="George Washington's resignation as commander-in-chief">George Washington's resignation as commander-in-chief</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Washington is depicted on the top of the Monument resigning his commission as Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a>, an act which took place in the Old Senate chamber in the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_State_House" title="Maryland State House">Maryland State House</a> in the state capital of <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis, Maryland</a> on December 23, 1783. The <a href="/wiki/Confederation_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation Congress">Confederation Congress</a> was meeting in the Maryland capitol which served for a few months as the temporary national capital. While there, the Congress also ratified the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris of 1783</a>, ending the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> and recognizing the independence of the United States by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a>. </p><p>The statue was carved by Italian-born sculptor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enrico_Causici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enrico Causici (page does not exist)">Enrico Causici</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Causici" class="extiw" title="fr:Enrico Causici">fr</a>]</span>, who previous to his work on the Monument had been employed carving reliefs for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a>. William Rusk, in his book <i>Art in Baltimore: Monuments and Memorials</i>, tells the following story about the raising of Causici's marble statue of Washington in 1829. "Tradition recalls a prodigy occurring when the statue was raised to the summit of the monument – a shooting star dashed across the sky and an eagle lit on the head of the settling general." </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Call_me_Ishmael.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Call_me_Ishmael.jpg/220px-Call_me_Ishmael.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Call_me_Ishmael.jpg/330px-Call_me_Ishmael.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Call_me_Ishmael.jpg/440px-Call_me_Ishmael.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>View from the top of the monument</figcaption></figure> <p>Details added to the monument in the 1830s include the bronze inscriptions on all facades documenting eight principal events in George Washington's life, including his military and presidential career. Former president <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> assisted the monument's board of managers in determining the wording of these events. The interior of the monument was stuccoed at this time and exterior wood doors installed, painted to imitate ancient Roman bronze doors. The cast-iron fence around the base was also designed by Mills and added in 1838. It contains symbolic references to the Maryland and the strength achieved through the union of the original thirteen colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-mvpconservancy.org_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mvpconservancy.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1850_Tallis_Map_of_the_United_States_(_Texas_at_fullest_extent)_-_Geographicus_-_UnitedStates-tallis-1850.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1850_Tallis_Map_of_the_United_States_%28_Texas_at_fullest_extent%29_-_Geographicus_-_UnitedStates-tallis-1850.jpg/220px-1850_Tallis_Map_of_the_United_States_%28_Texas_at_fullest_extent%29_-_Geographicus_-_UnitedStates-tallis-1850.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1850_Tallis_Map_of_the_United_States_%28_Texas_at_fullest_extent%29_-_Geographicus_-_UnitedStates-tallis-1850.jpg/330px-1850_Tallis_Map_of_the_United_States_%28_Texas_at_fullest_extent%29_-_Geographicus_-_UnitedStates-tallis-1850.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1850_Tallis_Map_of_the_United_States_%28_Texas_at_fullest_extent%29_-_Geographicus_-_UnitedStates-tallis-1850.jpg/440px-1850_Tallis_Map_of_the_United_States_%28_Texas_at_fullest_extent%29_-_Geographicus_-_UnitedStates-tallis-1850.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4194" data-file-height="3167" /></a><figcaption>1850 Tallis Map of the United States (Texas at fullest extent) – Geographicus – United States-tallis-1850</figcaption></figure> <p>Other memorials to Washington were erected in Maryland and in the nearby national capital, including the one now in <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_State_Park" title="Washington Monument State Park">Washington Monument State Park</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Boonsboro" class="mw-redirect" title="Boonsboro">Boonsboro</a>, Maryland and the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail" title="Appalachian Trail">Appalachian Trail</a>), which was first constructed in 1827.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Boonsboro monument as it now stands reflects at least two rebuildings after the structure had fallen into ruin. In 1848 Mills's <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> in the national capital was begun, but it would not be completed and dedicated until 1885. Because of this, for decades the Baltimore Washington Monument served as a leading symbol of American pride and gratitude towards George Washington, as a founding father and the first president of the nation. Mid 19th century maps, for instance, pair the Baltimore column with the Capitol building because the Washington, DC monument had only just begun. </p><p>The monument is now open for tourists. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Monument,_1900_1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Washington_Monument%2C_1900_1a.jpg/220px-Washington_Monument%2C_1900_1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Washington_Monument%2C_1900_1a.jpg/330px-Washington_Monument%2C_1900_1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Washington_Monument%2C_1900_1a.jpg/440px-Washington_Monument%2C_1900_1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>Baltimore's Washington Monument, 1900 (looking west)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lighting_of_the_Washington_Monument">Lighting of the Washington Monument</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lighting of the Washington Monument"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1971, the city has held the annual "Lighting of the Washington Monument" during the first Thursday in December. A holiday village is held prior to the lighting ceremony in the West Square of Mount Vernon Place. Typically, the flipping of the switch for the lights is followed by a fireworks show. After the lighting, the holiday lights remain on the monument until after Christmas Day. The 49th annual Downtown Partnershop Monument Lighting was held virtually, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Monument is referenced by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a> (as Ishmael) in Chapter XXXV (The Mast-Head) of <i><a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">Moby-Dick</a></i>, "Great Washington, too, stands high aloft on his towering main-mast in Baltimore, and like one of <a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Hercules' pillars</a>, his column marks that point of human grandeur beyond which few mortals will go."</li> <li>In the show <i><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_Cakes" title="Ace of Cakes">Ace of Cakes</a></i> the star Duff does the ceremonial lighting of the Monument. He was quoted saying that Baltimore's monument was first, better, cooler, and lights up.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(film_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood (film industry)">Hollywood</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/...And_Justice_for_All_(film)" title="...And Justice for All (film)">...And Justice for All</a></i> has a scene of <a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> running around the monument.</li> <li>The film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bedroom_Window_(1987_film)" title="The Bedroom Window (1987 film)">The Bedroom Window</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a>, is set largely in Mount Vernon and is about an attempted murder that takes place at the base of the monument.</li> <li>In 1998, an opening scene to the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Pecker_(film)" title="Pecker (film)">Pecker</a></i> was filmed in front of the Washington Monument. In audio commentary that accompanies the DVD, director <a href="/wiki/John_Waters_(filmmaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Waters (filmmaker)">John Waters</a> states that the photo the film's titular character (played by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Furlong" title="Edward Furlong">Edward Furlong</a>) takes of the monument is "the oldest dirty joke in Baltimore" due to the resemblance of Washington's extended arm to a large <a href="/wiki/Phallus" title="Phallus">phallus</a> when viewed from the angle at which the photo is taken.</li> <li>The TV show <a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Cards (U.S. TV series)"><i>House of Cards</i></a> includes some scenes of the monument and surrounding area such as the <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Institute" title="Peabody Institute">Peabody Institute</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Belvedere_Hotel" title="Belvedere Hotel">Belvedere Hotel</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Restoration">Restoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Restoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Monument was closed in June 2010 by the City of Baltimore for safety reasons, according to articles in the <i><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore Sun">Baltimore Sun</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i> newspapers. Missing mortar and rusted support brackets were among specific safety concerns. Several months later, a driver ran a 1997 Chrysler van through the southeast corner on October 30, 2010 and damaged roughly 15 feet of the fence.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While reports initially indicated the Monument's closure would last three months, it was later determined that reopening would not take place until a renovation was completed. In 2012 the City of Baltimore entered into a partnership agreement with the Mount Vernon Place Conservancy to restore, maintain, and manage the Monument and parks squares of Mount Vernon Place. </p><p>The monument has undergone a $5.5 million restoration by the Mount Vernon Place Conservancy which began in January 2014. It was reopened and rededicated on July 4, 2015, in celebration of the bicentennial of the cornerstone being laid.<sup id="cite_ref-ywengerbalsun_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ywengerbalsun-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1815_cornerstone_rediscovered_and_1915_time_capsule_discovered">1815 cornerstone rediscovered and 1915 time capsule discovered</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1815 cornerstone rediscovered and 1915 time capsule discovered"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the monument's restoration two <a href="/wiki/Time_capsules" class="mw-redirect" title="Time capsules">time capsules</a> were discovered, the Monument's original 1815 <a href="/wiki/Cornerstone" title="Cornerstone">cornerstone</a> and a 1915 Centennial time capsule. Although the Monument's cornerstone had long been known to exist, its exact location was unknown. The 1915 Centennial time capsule, however, had been forgotten to time. The first to be discovered, the 1915 time capsule, was a sealed copper box that had been placed behind a plaque in the monument during the centennial celebrations in 1915. It was discovered in October 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2015, during digging for a sewage tank, a second time capsule, the Monument's original cornerstone, was discovered containing three well preserved glass jars stuffed with and surrounded by newspapers from July 1 and July 3, 1815, the days right before the laying of the cornerstone. The cornerstone was a nearly perfect granite cube with a marble lid, weighing between 1,000 and 1,500 pounds (roughly 450 to 700 kg). Besides the jars, the cornerstone contained a panel carved by local <a href="/wiki/Stonemasons" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonemasons">stonemasons</a> and carvers of the time, and is expected to contain additional items, including coins and a metal plate. Like the 1915 capsule, the cornerstone contents were taken to the <a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a> for analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-bbaldwincnn_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbaldwincnn-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The contents of the 1815 cornerstone were fully revealed, and the 1915 time capsule opened, on June 2, 2015, at the Walters Art Museum. Among many interesting artifacts, the 1815 cornerstone contents included a copy of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a> printed in the (Baltimore) Federal Gazette on July 3, 1815, the day before the cornerstone was laid. The newspaper was folded open to the page printing the Declaration, and appears to be the last item placed in the stone. This inclusion suggests that to those who built the Monument in 1815, it was not just the first monument to honor America's founding father, George Washington, but also one of the earliest American monuments celebrating American national independence.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The contents of both time capsules can be seen on public display at the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Historical Society">Maryland Center for History and Culture</a>, located just two blocks from the monument.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_designation">Historic designation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Historic designation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Washington Monument is the centerpiece the public squares of Mount Vernon Place, which comprise the Mount Vernon Place National Historic Landmark District, designated in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-nris_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Historic District is in turn within the Mount Vernon neighborhood of Baltimore, and the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_National_Heritage_Area" title="Baltimore National Heritage Area">Baltimore National Heritage Area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-balto1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balto1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_George_Washington" title="List of memorials to George Washington">List of memorials to George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_George_Washington" title="List of statues of George Washington">List of statues of George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Baltimore" title="List of public art in Baltimore">List of public art in Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues" title="List of statues">List of statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculptures_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of sculptures of presidents of the United States">List of sculptures of presidents of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_built_before_the_20th_century" title="List of tallest structures built before the 20th century">List of tallest structures built before the 20th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_memorials_in_the_United_States" title="Presidential memorials in the United States">Presidential memorials in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_State_Park" title="Washington Monument State Park">Washington Monument State Park</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mvpconservancy.org-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mvpconservancy.org_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mvpconservancy.org_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mvpconservancy.org_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mount Vernon Place Conservancy, "Historical Timeline: Washington Monument and Mount Vernon Place" <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://mvpconservancy.org/digital-exhibits/">http://mvpconservancy.org/digital-exhibits/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archive.org-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-archive.org_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archive.org_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the full 1815 account <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/authenticaccount00prat">https://archive.org/details/authenticaccount00prat</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Arrival of the President," June 2, 1817, Baltimore Patriot. During the 2014–2015 restoration graffiti dating as early as 1819 was found in the Monument's basement. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140508182933/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2014-02-07/news/bs-md-ci-monument-discovery-20140207_1_lance-humphries-mount-vernon-place-conservancy-washington-monument">[1]</a>. See "Baltimore," which prints Carter's account of his visit, Feb. 19, 1823, Baltimore Patriot.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://mvpconservancy.org/digital-exhibits/">http://mvpconservancy.org/digital-exhibits/</a> Mount Vernon Place Conservancy, "Washington Monument, Monument Facts"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121117063822/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/western/washington.asp">"Washington Monument State Park"</a>. State of Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/western/washington.asp">the original</a> on November 17, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington+Monument+State+Park&rft.pub=State+of+Maryland+Department+of+Natural+Resources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnr.state.md.us%2Fpubliclands%2Fwestern%2Fwashington.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington+Monument+%28Baltimore%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltimorearts.org/monument-lighting-2020/#:~:text=The%2049th%20annual%20Downtown%20Partnership,Monument%20in%20Mount%20Vernon%20Place.">"Monument Lighting 2020 – BALTIMORE ARTS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monument+Lighting+2020+%E2%80%93+BALTIMORE+ARTS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimorearts.org%2Fmonument-lighting-2020%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%252049th%2520annual%2520Downtown%2520Partnership%2CMonument%2520in%2520Mount%2520Vernon%2520Place.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington+Monument+%28Baltimore%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120711123844/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2010-10-30/news/bs-md-ci-washington-monument-fence-20101030_1_fence-baltimore-s-washington-monument-mount-vernon-place-conservancy">Washington Monument Baltimore | Van destroys section of Baltimore's Washington Monument fence – Baltimore Sun</a>. Articles.baltimoresun.com (2010-10-30). Retrieved on 2013-07-15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ywengerbalsun-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ywengerbalsun_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-washington-monument-20131016,0,13621,full.story">Wenger, Yvonne. "Washington Monument set to undergo $5 million in repairs," <i>The Baltimore Sun</i>, Friday, October 18, 2013.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbaltv.com/news/time-capsule-discovered-at-baltimores-washington-monument/29410780">Time capsule discovered at Baltimore's Washington Monument</a>, Rob Roblin, wbaltv.com, October 30, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbaldwincnn-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbaldwincnn_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2015/02/18/nr-intv-humphries-200-year-old-time-capsule.cnn">Baldwin, Brooke. "200-year-old time capsule discovered," <i>CNN</i>, Wednesday, February 18, 2015.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbaltv.com/news/historic-cornerstone-found-at-washington-monument/31322990">Historic cornerstone found at Washington Monument</a>, Kate Amara, wbaltv.com, February 18, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/02/travel/baltimore-washington-monument-time-capsule-feat/">"History revealed: What people of Baltimore left in time capsules"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=History+revealed%3A+What+people+of+Baltimore+left+in+time+capsules&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F06%2F02%2Ftravel%2Fbaltimore-washington-monument-time-capsule-feat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington+Monument+%28Baltimore%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nris-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nris_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. January 23, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2007-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington+Monument+%28Baltimore%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-balto1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-balto1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130522024255/http://www.baltimorecity.gov/Portals/0/agencies/heritage/public%20downloads/neighborhoods_heritageareas.pdf">"Baltimore National Heritage Area Map"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. City of Baltimore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltimorecity.gov/Portals/0/agencies/heritage/public%20downloads/neighborhoods_heritageareas.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baltimore+National+Heritage+Area+Map&rft.pub=City+of+Baltimore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimorecity.gov%2FPortals%2F0%2Fagencies%2Fheritage%2Fpublic%2520downloads%2Fneighborhoods_heritageareas.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington+Monument+%28Baltimore%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Washington Monument (Baltimore)">Washington Monument (Baltimore)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mvpconservancy.org">Mount Vernon Place Conservancy website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.mht.maryland.gov/nr/NRDetail.aspx?NRID=65">Mount Vernon Place Historic District</a> at the Maryland Historical TrustFROM=NRCountyList.aspx?COUNTY=Baltimore%20City</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&aspect=Keyword&term=IAS+75006044&index=.NW">"<i>Washington Monument</i>, (sculpture)"</a>. <i>Inventory of American Sculpture, Smithsonian Institution Research Information System</i>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Art Museum">Smithsonian American Art Museum</a>. IAS 75006044.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inventory+of+American+Sculpture%2C+Smithsonian+Institution+Research+Information+System&rft.atitle=Washington+Monument%2C+%28sculpture%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiris-artinventories.si.edu%2Fipac20%2Fipac.jsp%3F%26menu%3Dsearch%26aspect%3DKeyword%26term%3DIAS%2B75006044%26index%3D.NW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington+Monument+%28Baltimore%29" class="Z3988"></span> Owner: <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">City of Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Documentation_Programs#Historic_American_Buildings_Survey" title="Heritage Documentation Programs">Historic American Buildings Survey</a> (HABS) No. MD-71, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/md0204/">Washington Monument, Mount Vernon Place & Washington, Baltimore, Independent City, MD</a>", 4 photos, 39 data pages</li></ul> <div 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colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">1st</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1789–1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Senior Officer of the Army</a> (1798–1799)</li> <li>Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> (1775–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> (1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> (1774)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Revolutionary War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_French_and_Indian_War" title="George Washington in the French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jumonville_Glen" title="Battle of Jumonville Glen">Jumonville Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Necessity" title="Battle of Fort Necessity">Battle of Fort Necessity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Monongahela" title="Battle of the Monongahela">Battle of the Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Expedition" title="Forbes Expedition">Forbes Expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_American_Revolution" title="George Washington in the American Revolution">Washington in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Commander-in-chief, Continental Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_aides-de-camp" title="Washington's aides-de-camp">Aides-de-camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington%27s_Headquarters_during_the_Revolutionary_War" title="List of Washington's Headquarters during the Revolutionary War">Washington's headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_tent" title="George Washington's tent">office and sleeping tent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">Siege of Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Delaware River crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Battle of Princeton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Battle of Monmouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Battles of Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culper_Ring" title="Culper Ring">Culper Spy Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy" title="Newburgh Conspiracy">Newburgh Conspiracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_letter" title="Newburgh letter">Newburgh letter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgill_Affair" title="Asgill Affair">Asgill Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_resignation_as_commander-in-chief" title="George Washington's resignation as commander-in-chief">Resignation as commander-in-chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badge_of_Military_Merit" title="Badge of Military Merit">Badge of Military Merit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Before_Boston_Medal" title="Washington Before Boston Medal">Washington Before Boston Medal</a></li> <li>Horses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_(horse)" title="Nelson (horse)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueskin_(horse)" title="Blueskin (horse)">Blueskin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Other U.S.<br />founding events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Resolves" title="Fairfax Resolves">Initiated, 1774 Fairfax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_in_Cases_of_Capture" title="Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture">Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Conference" title="Mount Vernon Conference">1785 Mount Vernon Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Chairman, 1787 Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_political_evolution" title="George Washington's political evolution">George Washington's political evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_Washington_presidency" title="Timeline of the George Washington presidency">timeline)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788–89 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="First inauguration of George Washington">First inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Inaugural_Bible" title="George Washington Inaugural Bible">inaugural bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="Second inauguration of George Washington">Second inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_reception_at_Trenton" title="George Washington's reception at Trenton">Reception at Trenton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. President (title)">Title of "Mr. President"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789" title="Judiciary Act of 1789">Judiciary Act of 1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_act_to_regulate_the_time_and_manner_of_administering_certain_oaths" title="An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths">Oath Administration Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonintercourse_Act" title="Nonintercourse Act">Nonintercourse Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Acts_of_1792" title="Militia Acts of 1792">Militia Acts of 1792</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_cornerstone_laying" title="United States Capitol cornerstone laying">United States Capitol cornerstone laying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Neutrality" title="Proclamation of Neutrality">Proclamation of Neutrality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrality_Act_of_1794" title="Neutrality Act of 1794">Neutrality Act of 1794</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinckney%27s_Treaty" title="Pinckney's Treaty">Pinckney's Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act_of_1794" title="Slave Trade Act of 1794">Slave Trade Act of 1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Proclamation" title="National Thanksgiving Proclamation">Thanksgiving Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Farewell_Address" title="George Washington's Farewell Address">Farewell Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1790_State_of_the_Union_Address" class="mw-redirect" title="1790 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address 1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1791_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1791 State of the Union Address">1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1792 State of the Union Address">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1793_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1793 State of the Union Address">1793</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1796 State of the Union Address">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington#Administration,_Cabinet_and_Supreme_Court_appointments" title="Presidency of George Washington">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_Washington" title="List of federal judges appointed by George Washington">Federal judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge_Supreme_Court_nominations" title="John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations">John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Views and<br />public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_W._Smith_National_Library_for_the_Study_of_George_Washington" title="Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington">Presidential library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Papers" title="The Washington Papers">The Washington Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_George_Washington" title="Religious views of George Washington">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_slavery" title="George Washington and slavery">Washington and slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Destroyer" title="Town Destroyer">Town Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_George_Washington" title="Legacy of George Washington">Legacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington#Early_life_(1732–1753)" title="George Washington">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Birthplace_National_Monument" title="George Washington Birthplace National Monument">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_Farm" title="Ferry Farm">Ferry Farm boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Fishery" title="George Washington's Fishery">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Gristmill" title="George Washington's Gristmill">Gristmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Rye_Whiskey" title="George Washington's Rye Whiskey">Whiskey distillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_(Alexandria,_Virginia)" title="Woodlawn (Alexandria, Virginia)">Woodlawn Plantation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longfellow_House%E2%80%93Washington%27s_Headquarters_National_Historic_Site" title="Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site">Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mansion" title="Ford Mansion">Ford Mansion, Washington's headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Headquarters_State_Historic_Site" title="Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site">Hasbrouck House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood_House" title="Samuel Osgood House">First Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">Second Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President's House (Philadelphia)">President's House, Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germantown_White_House" title="Germantown White House">Germantown White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Parke_Custis#Estate" title="Daniel Parke Custis">Custis estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_relations_with_the_Iroquois_Confederacy" title="George Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy">Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Company" title="Potomac Company">Potomac Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_River_and_Kanawha_Canal" title="James River and Kanawha Canal">James River and Kanawha Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Road_Lottery" title="Mountain Road Lottery">Mountain Road Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanks_of_Congress" title="Thanks of Congress">Thanks of Congress</a></li> <li>President General of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_College" title="Washington College">Washington College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_University" title="Washington and Lee University">Washington and Lee University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_Washington" title="Electoral history of George Washington">Electoral history of George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Post-presidency of George Washington">Post-presidency of George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_George_Washington" title="List of memorials to George Washington">Memorials</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">The Apotheosis of Washington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_State_Park" title="Washington Monument State Park">Washington Monument (Boonsboro, Maryland)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington Monument (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Houdon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Houdon)"><i>George Washington</i> (Houdon)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(copy_of_bust_by_Houdon)" title="George Washington (copy of bust by Houdon)">plaster copy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Ceracchi)" title="George Washington (Ceracchi)"><i>George Washington</i> (Ceracchi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Canova)" title="George Washington (Canova)"><i>George Washington</i> (Canova)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Greenough)" title="George Washington (Greenough)"><i>George Washington</i> (Greenough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Trumbull)" title="George Washington (Trumbull)"><i>George Washington</i> (Trumbull)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_paintings)" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passage_of_the_Delaware" title="The Passage of the Delaware">The Passage of the Delaware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_at_Trenton" title="General George Washington at Trenton">General George Washington at Trenton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Verplanck%27s_Point" title="Washington at Verplanck's Point">Washington at Verplanck's Point</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_Resigning_His_Commission" title="General George Washington Resigning His Commission">General George Washington Resigning His Commission</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis" title="Surrender of Lord Cornwallis">Surrender of Lord Cornwallis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Portrait" title="Athenaeum Portrait">Unfinished portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_portrait" title="Lansdowne portrait">Lansdowne portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Family" title="The Washington Family">The Washington Family portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Princeton" title="Washington at Princeton"><i>Washington at Princeton</i> paintings</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_George_Washington_Taking_the_Salute_at_Trenton" title="Portrait of George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton">George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reception_to_Washington_on_April_21,_1789,_at_Trenton_on_his_way_to_New_York_to_Assume_the_Duties_of_the_Presidency_of_the_United_States" title="Reception to Washington on April 21, 1789, at Trenton on his way to New York to Assume the Duties of the Presidency of the United States">Reception at Trenton painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_George_Washington" title="List of statues of George Washington">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Battle_Monument" title="Trenton Battle Monument">Trenton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Battle_Monument" title="Princeton Battle Monument">Princeton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_View_(West)" title="Point of View (West)"><i>Point of View</i> sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_on_Horseback" title="George Washington on Horseback">George Washington on Horseback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of George Washington (Austin, Texas)">Austin statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bartholomew)" title="George Washington (Bartholomew)">Baltimore statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Boston)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Boston)">Boston statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Mexico_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of George Washington (Mexico City)">Mexico City statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Morristown,_New_Jersey)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Morristown, New Jersey)">Morristown statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Newark)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Newark)">Newark statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (New York City)">New York City statue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Wall_Street)" title="Statue of George Washington (Wall Street)">Wall Street statue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Paris)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Paris)">Paris statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Perth_Amboy,_New_Jersey)" title="Statue of George Washington (Perth Amboy, New Jersey)">Perth Amboy statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bailly)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington (Bailly)">Philadelphia statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Portland, Oregon)">Portland statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Washington_Circle)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Washington Circle)">Washington, D.C. statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(West_Point)" title="Washington Monument (West Point)">West Point monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial" title="George Washington Masonic National Memorial">Washington Masonic National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Parkway" title="George Washington Memorial Parkway">George Washington Memorial Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_Jefferson_National_Forests" title="George Washington and Jefferson National Forests">Washington and Jefferson National Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Arch" title="Washington Square Arch">Arch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Franklin_Issues" title="Washington–Franklin Issues">Washington–Franklin Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bicentennial_stamps_of_1932" title="Washington Bicentennial stamps of 1932">1932 bicentennial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_on_currency#George_Washington" title="List of presidents of the United States on currency">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_State_Quarters" class="mw-redirect" title="50 State Quarters">50 State Quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_and_United_States_Territories_quarters" title="District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters">D.C. and territories quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters" title="America the Beautiful quarters">America the Beautiful quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">American Women quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_Instructing_Youth" title="History Instructing Youth">History Instructing Youth dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">Washington dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_dollar" title="Lafayette dollar">Lafayette dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">Silver bullion coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_nickel" title="Washington nickel">Washington nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_half_eagle" title="George Washington half eagle">Washington half eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_250th_Anniversary_half_dollar" title="George Washington 250th Anniversary half dollar">250th Anniversary half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Anniversary_coins" title="Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins">Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington" title="Mount Washington">Mount Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">Cultural depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(miniseries)" title="George Washington (miniseries)"><i>George Washington</i> (1984 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_II:_The_Forging_of_a_Nation" title="George Washington II: The Forging of a Nation">1986 sequel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)"><i>A More Perfect Union</i> (1989 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crossing_(2000_film)" title="The Crossing (2000 film)"><i>The Crossing</i> (2000 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Fight_to_Be_Free" title="We Fight to Be Free"><i>We Fight to Be Free</i> (2006 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn:_Washington%27s_Spies" title="Turn: Washington's Spies"><i>Turn: Washington's Spies</i> (2014–2017 series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_War_that_Made_America" title="The War that Made America"><i>The War that Made America</i> (2006 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(miniseries)" title="Washington (miniseries)"><i>Washington</i> (2020 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)"><i>Hamilton</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(2020_film)" title="Hamilton (2020 film)">film</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_Washington" title="Bibliography of George Washington">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Washington_articles" title="List of George Washington articles">List of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Online" title="Founders Online">Founders Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_dynasty" title="Virginia dynasty">Virginia dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Washington_family" title="Coat of arms of the Washington family">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Locke_Weems#The_cherry-tree_anecdote" title="Mason Locke Weems">Cherry-tree anecdote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Farm#Washington_at_River_Farm" title="River Farm">River Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Crossing" title="Washington's Crossing">Washington's Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Rochambeau_Revolutionary_Route" title="Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route">Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_House_(Barbados)" title="George Washington House (Barbados)">1751 Barbados trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Armies" title="General of the Armies">General of the Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Foxhound" title="American Foxhound">American Foxhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross_flag" title="Betsy Ross flag">Betsy Ross flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Ladies%27_Association" title="Mount Vernon Ladies' Association">Mount Vernon Ladies' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Mansion_replicas" title="Mount Vernon Mansion replicas">Mount Vernon replicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Building" title="George Washington Memorial Building">George Washington Memorial Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_theft_of_George_Washington%27s_skull" title="Attempted theft of George Washington's skull">Attempted theft of Washington's skull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Washington_family" title="Washington family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parke_Custis" title="John Parke Custis">John Parke Custis</a> (stepson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Parke_Custis" title="George Washington Parke Custis">George Washington Parke Custis</a> (step-grandson, adopted son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Parke_Custis_Lewis" title="Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis">Eleanor Parke Custis</a> (step-granddaughter, adopted daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington" title="Augustine Washington">Augustine Washington</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ball_Washington" title="Mary Ball Washington">Mary Ball Washington</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1718%E2%80%931752)" title="Lawrence Washington (1718–1752)">Lawrence Washington</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington_Jr." title="Augustine Washington Jr.">Augustine Washington Jr.</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Washington_Lewis" title="Elizabeth Washington Lewis">Elizabeth Washington Lewis</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Washington" title="Samuel Washington">Samuel Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Augustine_Washington" title="John Augustine Washington">John A. Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Washington" title="Charles Washington">Charles Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1659%E2%80%931698)" title="Lawrence Washington (1659–1698)">Lawrence Washington</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Gale" title="Mildred Gale">Mildred Gale</a> (grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Washington" title="John Washington">John Washington</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reade_(colonial_governor)" title="George Reade (colonial governor)">George Reade</a> (2nd great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushrod_Washington" title="Bushrod Washington">Bushrod Washington</a> (nephew)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enslaved_people_of_Mount_Vernon" title="List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_(slave)" title="Betty (slave)">Betty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Branham" title="Caroline Branham">Caroline Branham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Costin" title="William Costin">William Costin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Johnson_(Mount_Vernon)" title="Sarah Johnson (Mount Vernon)">Sarah Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oney_Judge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oney Judge">Oney Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(valet)" title="William Lee (valet)">William Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Posey" title="Hercules Posey">Hercules Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sheels" title="Christopher Sheels">Christopher Sheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Squash" title="Deborah Squash">Deborah Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Washington" title="Harry Washington">Harry Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Streets_in_Baltimore" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: Yellow"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Streets_in_Baltimore" title="Template:Streets in Baltimore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Streets_in_Baltimore" title="Template talk:Streets in Baltimore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Streets_in_Baltimore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Streets in Baltimore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Streets_in_Baltimore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of streets in Baltimore, Maryland">Streets in Baltimore</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: Yellow">North–south</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_648" title="Maryland Route 648">Annapolis Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artmuseum_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Artmuseum Drive">Art Museum Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_134" title="Maryland Route 134">Bellona Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadway (Baltimore)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul_Street-Calvert_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul Street-Calvert Street">Calvert Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#Carey_Street" title="List of streets in Baltimore">Carey Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Street_(Baltimore)" title="Charles Street (Baltimore)">Cathedral Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caton_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Caton Avenue">Caton Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#Central_Avenue" title="List of streets in Baltimore">Central Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Street_(Baltimore)" title="Charles Street (Baltimore)">Charles Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_122" title="Maryland Route 122">Cooks Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_129" title="Maryland Route 129">Druid Hill Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutaw_Street" title="Eutaw Street">Eutaw Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_25" title="Maryland Route 25">Falls Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#Fallsway" title="List of streets in Baltimore">Fallsway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1_in_Maryland" title="U.S. Route 1 in Maryland">Fulton Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#Garrison_Boulevard" title="List of streets in Baltimore">Garrison Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Street_(Baltimore)" title="Gay Street (Baltimore)">Gay Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore%E2%80%93Washington_Parkway" title="Baltimore–Washington Parkway">Greene Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_45" title="Maryland Route 45">Greenmount Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_Street_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greene Street (Baltimore)">Greene Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenspring_Avenue" title="Greenspring Avenue">Greenspring Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilford_Avenue_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guilford Avenue (Baltimore)">Guilford Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_45" title="Maryland Route 45">Greenmount Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_2" title="Maryland Route 2">Hanover Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_147" title="Maryland Route 147">Harford Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_173" title="Maryland Route 173">Hawkins Point Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_41" title="Maryland Route 41">Hillen Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilton Street">Hilton Street</a>/Hilton Parkway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#Highland_Avenue" title="List of streets in Baltimore">Highland Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Street_(Baltimore)" title="Howard Street (Baltimore)">Howard Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Key Highway">Key Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_26" title="Maryland Route 26">Liberty Heights Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul_Street-Calvert_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul Street-Calvert Street">Light Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_542" title="Maryland Route 542">Loch Raven Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Street_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madison Street (Baltimore)">Madison Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_395_(Maryland)" title="Interstate 395 (Maryland)">Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Street_(Baltimore)" title="Charles Street (Baltimore)">Maryland Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_129" title="Maryland Route 129">McCulloh Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Harford_Road" title="Old Harford Road">Old Harford Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore%E2%80%93Washington_Parkway" title="Baltimore–Washington Parkway">Paca Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_129" title="Maryland Route 129">Park Heights Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paca_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Paca Street">Paca Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Avenue (Baltimore)">Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_173" title="Maryland Route 173">Pennington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Avenue (Baltimore)">Pennsylvania Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_41" title="Maryland Route 41">Perring Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_140" title="Maryland Route 140">Reisterstown Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Roland Avenue">Roland Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore%E2%80%93Washington_Parkway" title="Baltimore–Washington Parkway">Russell Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul_Street-Calvert_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul Street-Calvert Street">St. Paul Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#South_Street" title="List of streets in Baltimore">South Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_542" title="Maryland Route 542">The Alameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Parkway_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="University Parkway (Baltimore)">University Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabash_Avenue_(Baltimore,_Maryland)" title="Wabash Avenue (Baltimore, Maryland)">Wabash Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Street_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Street (Baltimore)">Washington Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1_Alternate_(Baltimore,_Maryland)" title="U.S. Route 1 Alternate (Baltimore, Maryland)">Washington Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_45" title="Maryland Route 45">York Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: Yellow">East–west</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#25th_Street" title="List of streets in Baltimore">25th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#28th_Street" title="List of streets in Baltimore">28th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Street_(Baltimore)" title="33rd Street (Baltimore)">33rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#36th_Street" title="List of streets in Baltimore">36th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#41st_Street" title="List of streets in Baltimore">41st Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore,_Maryland#Aliceanna_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="List of streets in Baltimore, Maryland">Aliceanna Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore Street">Baltimore Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biddle_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Biddle Street">Biddle Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Street">Boston Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_695" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Route 695">Broening Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Street_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre Street (Baltimore)">Centre Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase Street">Chase Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_171" title="Maryland Route 171">Church Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coldspring_Lane" class="mw-redirect" title="Coldspring Lane">Coldspring Lane–Moravia Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#Conway_Street" title="List of streets in Baltimore">Conway Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#Cross_Country_Boulevard" title="List of streets in Baltimore">Cross Country Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eager_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Eager Street">Eager Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_150" title="Maryland Route 150">Eastern Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_151" title="Maryland Route 151">Erdman Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Fayette Street">Fayette Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Street_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Street (Baltimore)">Fleet Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#Forest_Park_Avenue" title="List of streets in Baltimore">Forest Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#Fort_Avenue" title="List of streets in Baltimore">Fort Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Street_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Street (Baltimore)">Franklin Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_144" title="Maryland Route 144">Frederick Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwynns_Falls_Parkway" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwynns Falls Parkway">Gwynns Falls Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#Lexington_Street" title="List of streets in Baltimore">Lexington Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_Street_(Baltimore)" title="Lombard Street (Baltimore)">Lombard Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_Street_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monument Street (Baltimore)">Monument Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mt._Royal_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt. Royal Avenue">Mt. Royal Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_Street_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry Street (Baltimore)">Mulberry Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Avenue_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Avenue (Baltimore)">North Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Parkway_(Baltimore)" title="Northern Parkway (Baltimore)">Northern Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#Orleans_Street" title="List of streets in Baltimore">Orleans Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patapsco_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Patapsco Avenue">Patapsco Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_Street" title="Pratt Street">Pratt Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Street_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Preston Street (Baltimore)">Preston Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Saratoga Street">Saratoga Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#Sinclair_Lane" title="List of streets in Baltimore">Sinclair Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milford_Mill_Road" title="Milford Mill Road">Smith Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_129" title="Maryland Route 129">Swann Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#Waterview_Avenue" title="List of streets in Baltimore">Waterview Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_372" title="Maryland Route 372">Wilkens Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: Yellow">Circles & squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Monument_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle Monument Square">Battle Monument Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Square_Historic_District_(Baltimore,_Maryland)" title="Franklin Square Historic District (Baltimore, Maryland)">Franklin Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Square,_Baltimore" title="Johnston Square, Baltimore">Johnston Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square_(Baltimore)" title="Lafayette Square (Baltimore)">Lafayette Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKeldin_Square" title="McKeldin Square">McKeldin Square</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mount Vernon Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Katy%C5%84_Memorial" title="National Katyń Memorial">National Katyń Memorial</a> Circle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Baltimore#Park_Circle" title="List of streets in Baltimore">Park Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul_Street-Calvert_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul Street-Calvert Street">Saint Paul Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Baltimore" title="Union Square, Baltimore">Union Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbrook,_Baltimore" title="Walbrook, Baltimore">Walbrook Junction</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington Monument Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Memorial_Plaza" title="War Memorial Plaza">War Memorial Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_372" title="Maryland Route 372">Wilkens Avenue Circle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: Yellow">Expressways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_695_(Maryland)" title="Interstate 695 (Maryland)">Baltimore Beltway (I-695)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore%E2%80%93Washington_Parkway" title="Baltimore–Washington Parkway">Baltimore–Washington Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_395_(Maryland)" title="Interstate 395 (Maryland)">Cal Ripken Way (I-395)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_895_(Maryland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 895 (Maryland)">Harbor Tunnel Thruway (I-895)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Maryland" title="Interstate 95 in Maryland">Interstate 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_83#Jones_Falls_Expressway" title="Interstate 83">Jones Falls Expressway (I-83)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3683526#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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