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<a href="/science/news//?topic=health">Health and Medical</a></span></p>  <h1><span>Updated 'recipe for good parenting' emphasises support</span></h1> <p class="byline"><span class="date">Friday, 21 August 2015</span> <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/profiles/content/s2193248.htm?site=science">Anna Salleh</a><br><span class="author">ABC</span></p><hr noshade size="1" class="lineBreakTop" /><div id="storyRelatedMedia"> <div id="storyPhotosBigPic" class="photo imgBox"><a id="storyPhotosLink" href="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201507/r1452499_21113207.jpg"><img src="https://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201507/r1452499_21113207.jpg" alt="puzzle help" class="featureImg"></a><p id="storyPhotosCaption" class="caption"><em>(Source: warrengoldswain/iStockphoto)</em></p> </div><script type="text/javascript"></script></div> <p class="first"><span class="slug">Parenting model</span> <strong>In the 1970s, good parents were considered to have a firm, but loving hand.</strong></p> <p><strong> But today's children also need the right level of support, according to research based on an updated model of parenting.</strong></p> <p>The research provides more evidence against over-indulgent and over-protective approaches such as 'helicopter parenting', and in favour of parents who help their children learn important life skills.</p> <p>Contemporary parents give children a lot more emotional and material support than those in the past, says clinical psychologist Dr Carly Reid, who carried out the research as part of her PhD at <a href="http://www.curtin.edu.au/" target="_blank">Curtin University</a>.</p> <p>These days we want children to develop into more "well-rounded" human beings, says Reid.</p> <p>"We want our kids to be flexible and to be able to deal with the challenges of the modern world and to have a social life and good work-life balance but also be able to work hard and regulate their behaviour," she says.</p> <p>But research into what qualities of parenting can help children succeed in contemporary society has been hampered by the fact that textbook models are out of date.</p> <p>"A lot of the theories on parenting were developed a long time ago," she says. "The world is a more complex place now."</p> <p>The most widely accepted model of parenting was developed in the 1970s by Diana Baumrind, says Reid.</p> <p>According to this there are four parenting styles, each with varying degrees of emotional warmth and disciplinary control. Research using this model suggested the best type of parent was authoritative — providing lots of love but firm discipline.</p> <p>But over the last four decades, factors such as shifts in family structures, work roles and the rise of social media have influenced parenting beliefs and practices. </p><h3>Beyond love and discipline</h3><p>To develop a new model, Reid reviewed the post-1970s literature on parenting and got input from parents in developing a 116-question-long survey, encompassing all the features that could be used to describe contemporary parenting. She then got 846 parents to complete her survey online.</p> <p>In addition to degrees of love and discipline, her new model of parenting, published recently in <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114179" target="_blank"><em>PLOS ONE</em></a>, factors in different types of support that parents give their children.</p> <p>Reid applied this model to 105 parents of children aged 3-12 years in another unpublished study.</p> <p>Her research shows that the appropriate level of support for the child's age, ability and temperament is linked to children developing autonomy, responsibility and self control, which is important for things such as social interactions. </p> <p>"They may have to delay an impulse to say or do the wrong thing and learn to show a socially appropriate response," says Reid.</p> <p>By contrast, children who had parents that gave their children inappropriate support had poorer social skills, were less co-operative, had lower self-control, and were more anxious and depressed.</p> <p>This included parents who were over-indulgent and over-protective, as in the case of 'helicopter parenting'.</p> <p>"Such parents are often very warm and very loving and want the best for their children but they tend to give their children too much support," says Reid.</p> <p>Poor outcomes in children were also associated with parents who gave their child too much freedom for their age.</p><h3>Discipline styles</h3><p>Reid found that discipline styles associated with well-adjusted children involved consistent and predictable consequences for unacceptable behaviour, such as 'time out' and withdrawal of privileges.</p> <p>Also, parents with well-adjusted children were more likely to talk to the child about why rules existed to help them understand why it's important to control their behaviour. </p> <p>By contrast, Reid found that when parents had inconsistent discipline or used emotion-driven and harsh punishment involving hostility and criticism, withdrawal of love, humiliation, shame and physical violence, was not associated with good outcomes for the child.</p> <p>Reid emphasises this doesn't mean parents should berate themselves for sometimes getting exasperated.</p> <p>"Every parent loses it some time," she says.</p> <p>"It's not about individual incidences — it's about what you do most of the time over a period of time."</p> <p><strong>Related: <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2015/03/10/4193979.htm" target="_blank">Too much praise helps create narcissistic kids</a></strong></p> <p class="tags"><strong>Tags: </strong><a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=health&tag=family-and-children">family-and-children</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=health&tag=child-health-and-behaviour">child-health-and-behaviour</a>, <a href="/science/tag/browse.htm?site=science&topic=health&tag=psychology">psychology</a></p>  <div class="clear"></div> <div id="artShareLinks"> <p class="right"><a 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