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Spanish Imperfect Tense 101: Uses, Examples & Conjugations
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Reasons & Resources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-19169" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-19169"><a href="https://app.tellmeinspanish.com/login">Course Login</a></li> </ul></div> </nav><!-- #site-navigation --> </header><!-- #masthead --> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div id="primary" class="content-area default"> <main id="main" class="site-main"> <article id="post-10441" class="post-10441 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-grammar"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">Spanish Imperfect Tense 101: Uses, Examples & Conjugations</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2022-08-11" /><span class="byline"> Written by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/author/dsanchez/">Daniela Sanchez</a></span> </span><meta itemprop="author" content="Daniela Sanchez" /><link id="page-url" itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/grammar/spanish-imperfect-tense/" /><span class="term-list"> in <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/grammar/" rel="category tag">Grammar</a></span><span class="byline"> </span><span class="posted-on">Last Updated September 28, 2024</span><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="September 28, 2024" /> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="post-thumbnail" itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <img width="1200" height="675" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201200%20675'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-Tense-Spanish-101-Examples-Uses-Conjugations.jpg 1200w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-Tense-Spanish-101-Examples-Uses-Conjugations-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-Tense-Spanish-101-Examples-Uses-Conjugations-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-Tense-Spanish-101-Examples-Uses-Conjugations-768x432.jpg 768w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" data-lazy-src="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-Tense-Spanish-101-Examples-Uses-Conjugations.jpg" /><noscript><img width="1200" height="675" src="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-Tense-Spanish-101-Examples-Uses-Conjugations.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-Tense-Spanish-101-Examples-Uses-Conjugations.jpg 1200w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-Tense-Spanish-101-Examples-Uses-Conjugations-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-Tense-Spanish-101-Examples-Uses-Conjugations-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-Tense-Spanish-101-Examples-Uses-Conjugations-768x432.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /></noscript> </div><!-- .post-thumbnail --> <div class="entry-content" itemProp="articleBody"> <p>The imperfect in Spanish is an essential tense for anybody who wants to speak this language. I’ll put it this way: you can’t give details about your past without using this tense. Since it’s crucial for your communication, in this guide, you’ll learn when to use and how to conjugate imperfect verbs in Spanish. </p> <p>Here is a quick overview of the topics we’ll cover:</p> <ul class="toc-list"><li><a href="#how_to_form_the_imperfect_tense">How to Form the Imperfect Tense</a></li><li><a href="#irregular_verbs">Irregular verbs</a></li><li><a href="#using_the_imperfect_to_talk_about_the_past">Using the Imperfect to Talk About the Past</a><ul><li><a href="#words_used_with_spanish_imperfect">Words used with Spanish imperfect</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#key_points">Key Points</a></li></ul> <p>If you’re struggling with the imperfect in Spanish, you’re not alone! Let’s get on with it, so you can start applying this tense correctly. </p> <figure class="wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe loading="lazy" title="Spanish Imperfect Tense: Describe the Past & Tell Stories in Spanish" width="640" height="360" src="about:blank" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen data-rocket-lazyload="fitvidscompatible" data-lazy-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iC7Eiae32BI?feature=oembed"></iframe><noscript><iframe title="Spanish Imperfect Tense: Describe the Past & Tell Stories in Spanish" width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iC7Eiae32BI?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></noscript> </div></figure> <h2 id="how_to_form_the_imperfect_tense">Conjugate the Imperfect Tense in Spanish</h2> <p>First, let’s see how to form imperfect verbs in Spanish. </p> <p>Like most <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/spanish-tenses/">tenses</a>, the Spanish imperfect is formed by removing the <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/grammar/infinitive-verbs-in-spanish/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">infinitive form</a> ending (-AR, -ER, or <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/ir-verbs-in-spanish/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">-IR</a>) and adding the corresponding ending to the verb stem. </p> <p>The imperfect endings for <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/ar-verbs-in-spanish/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">-AR verbs</a> are:</p> <div class="wp-container-1 wp-block-group table-responsive"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container"> <table class="wp-block-advgb-table advgb-table-frontend bordered"><thead><tr><th style="text-align:center;border-style:none;background-color:#ffb44f"><strong>Subject</strong></th><th style="text-align:center;border-style:none;background-color:#ffb44f"><strong>Verb -AR ending</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Yo</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">-aba</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Tú</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">-abas</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Él, Ella, Usted</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">-aba</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Nosotros</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">-ábamos</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Vosotros</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">-abais </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Ustedes, Ellos, Ellas</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">-aban</td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <p class="has-text-align-center">Yo <strong>nad<span style="text-decoration: underline;">aba</span> </strong>todos los días.<br>I <strong>swam</strong> every day. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Tú <strong>nad<span style="text-decoration: underline;">abas</span> </strong>los miércoles. <br>You <strong>swam </strong>on Wednesdays.</p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Sofía <strong>se pein<span style="text-decoration: underline;">aba</span> </strong>sola. <br>Sofía <strong>used to do </strong>her hair alone. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Nosotros <strong>viaj<span style="text-decoration: underline;">ábamos</span> </strong>mucho.<br>We <strong>traveled </strong>a lot. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Mis tías siempre nos <strong>regalab<span style="text-decoration: underline;">an</span></strong> ropa. <br>My aunts always <strong>gave </strong>us clothes. </p> <p>Check example #3. <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/verbs/spanish-reflexive-verbs-conjugation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Reflexive verbs</a> are not conjugated differently in the imperfect tense: just make sure you place the pronoun before the verb!</p> <p>-IR and -ER verbs <strong>share the same imperfect endings</strong>:</p> <div class="wp-container-2 wp-block-group table-responsive"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container"> <table class="wp-block-advgb-table advgb-table-frontend bordered"><thead><tr><th style="text-align:center;border-style:none;background-color:#ffb44f"><strong>Subject </strong></th><th style="text-align:center;border-style:none;background-color:#ffb44f"><strong>-ER & -IR Verbs</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Yo</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">-ía</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Tú</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">-ías</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Él, Ella, Usted</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">-ía</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Nosotros</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">-íamos</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Vosotros</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">-íais</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Ustedes, Ellos, Ellas</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">-ían</td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <p class="has-text-align-center">Yo no <strong>hac<span style="text-decoration: underline;">ía</span></strong> mi tarea. <br>I <strong>didn’t do </strong>my homework. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Tú <strong>viv<span style="text-decoration: underline;">ías</span> </strong>muy lejos. <br>You <strong>used to live</strong> very far. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">En Navidad, mi prima nunca <strong>dorm<span style="text-decoration: underline;">ía</span>. </strong><br>My cousin never <strong>slept </strong>on Christmas. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Los martes vosotros <strong>sol<span style="text-decoration: underline;">íais</span> </strong>trabajar. <br>You <strong>used to </strong>work on Tuesdays. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Ellas siempre se <strong>com<span style="text-decoration: underline;">ían</span> </strong>mis galletas. <br>They always <strong>ate </strong>my cookies. </p> <h2 id="irregular_verbs">Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect Tense</h2> <p>There are <strong>only three <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/verbs/spanish-irregular-verbs/">irregular verbs</a></strong> and <strong>no <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/verbs/stem-changing-verbs-spanish/">stem-changing verbs</a></strong> in the imperfect tense. This is why the imperfect tense is such an easy tense to learn, at least, from a conjugation perspective. </p> <p>The three irregular verbs in the imperfect tense that you need to learn are: </p> <ul><li><a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/verbs/ser-conjugation/">Ser</a> – <em>To be</em></li><li><a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/verbs/ver-conjugation/">Ver</a> – <em>To see</em></li><li><a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/verbs/ir-conjugation/">Ir</a> – <em>To go </em></li></ul> <div class="wp-container-3 wp-block-group table-responsive"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container"> <table class="wp-block-advgb-table advgb-table-frontend bordered"><thead><tr><th style="text-align:center;border-style:none;background-color:#ffb44f"><strong>Subject </strong></th><th style="text-align:center;border-style:none;background-color:#ffb44f"><strong>Ser </strong></th><th style="text-align:center;border-style:none;background-color:#ffb44f"><strong>Ir </strong></th><th style="text-align:center;border-style:none;background-color:#ffb44f"><strong>Ver</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Yo</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Era</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Iba</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Veía</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Tú</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Eras</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Ibas</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Veías</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Él, Ella, Usted</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Era</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Iba</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Veían</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Nosotros</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Éramos</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Íbamos</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Veíamos</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Vosotros</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Erais</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Ibais</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Veíais</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Ustedes, Ellos, Ellas</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Eran</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Iban</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Veían</td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <p class="take-notes"><strong>Take Note: </strong><a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/grammar/ir-vs-irse/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Irse</em></a><em>, </em>the reflexive form of the verb ‘ir’, follows the same conjugation. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Sonia <span style="text-decoration: underline;">se</span> <strong>iba </strong>antes de las seis. <br>Sonia <strong>used to </strong>leave before six. </p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img width="1024" height="576" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201024%20576'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" class="wp-image-10429" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-conjugation-in-Spanish-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-conjugation-in-Spanish-300x169.jpeg 300w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-conjugation-in-Spanish-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-conjugation-in-Spanish.jpeg 1200w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" data-lazy-src="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-conjugation-in-Spanish-1024x576.jpeg" /><noscript><img width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-conjugation-in-Spanish-1024x576.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-10429" srcset="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-conjugation-in-Spanish-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-conjugation-in-Spanish-300x169.jpeg 300w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-conjugation-in-Spanish-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imperfect-conjugation-in-Spanish.jpeg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></noscript></figure> <h2 id="using_the_imperfect_to_talk_about_the_past">When to Use Imperfect in Spanish</h2> <p>A crucial rule of the imperfect in Spanish is that this tense is used to talk about actions that <span style="text-decoration: underline;">occur repeatedly</span> in the past or whose<span style="text-decoration: underline;"> beginning or ending is unspecified</span>. </p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img width="1024" height="576" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201024%20576'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" class="wp-image-10432" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/How-the-Imperfect-Tense-Works-in-Spanish-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/How-the-Imperfect-Tense-Works-in-Spanish-300x169.jpeg 300w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/How-the-Imperfect-Tense-Works-in-Spanish-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/How-the-Imperfect-Tense-Works-in-Spanish.jpeg 1200w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" data-lazy-src="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/How-the-Imperfect-Tense-Works-in-Spanish-1024x576.jpeg" /><noscript><img width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/How-the-Imperfect-Tense-Works-in-Spanish-1024x576.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-10432" srcset="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/How-the-Imperfect-Tense-Works-in-Spanish-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/How-the-Imperfect-Tense-Works-in-Spanish-300x169.jpeg 300w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/How-the-Imperfect-Tense-Works-in-Spanish-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/How-the-Imperfect-Tense-Works-in-Spanish.jpeg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></noscript></figure> <p>So when talking about the past, the imperfect tense is used to: </p> <ul><li><a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/grammar/how-to-tell-time-in-spanish/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tell time</a> </li><li>Say someone’s age</li><li>Describe past habits and routines </li><li><a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/grammar/spanish-adjectives-to-describe-a-person/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Describe people</a>, places, and circumstances </li><li>Refer to simultaneous actions</li></ul> <p>The imperfect in Spanish is a tense related to <span style="text-decoration: underline;">narration</span>. In other words, it <strong>places </strong>you in the past and <strong>tells </strong>you how <span style="text-decoration: underline;">things</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">actions</span>, or <span style="text-decoration: underline;">people were</span>. For this reason, it’s common to use it when sharing memories or telling stories. </p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe loading="lazy" title="The Imperfect Tense in Spanish: 5 Common Uses + Quiz" width="640" height="360" src="about:blank" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen data-rocket-lazyload="fitvidscompatible" data-lazy-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8IO-iWZkI9Y?feature=oembed"></iframe><noscript><iframe title="The Imperfect Tense in Spanish: 5 Common Uses + Quiz" width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8IO-iWZkI9Y?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe></noscript> </div></figure> <h3>Sentences with the imperfect tense</h3> <p>Below you’ll find some examples of the different uses of the imperfect tense. </p> <p><strong>Telling time in the past</strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-center phrase-structure"><strong>[<a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/verbs/ser-conjugation/#Imperfect-tense">‘Ser’ imperfect tense</a>] + [<a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/grammar/guide-to-spanish-articles/">definite article</a>] + [complement]</strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-center"><strong>Eran </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">las dos</span> cuando Maurice llegó. <br>It <strong>was </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">two</span> when Maurice arrived. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Creo que <strong>era </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">la una y veinte</span>. <br>I think it <strong>was </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">one-twenty</span>.</p> <p><strong>Saying your age </strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-center phrase-structure"><strong>[<a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/verbs/tener-conjugation/#Imperfect-tense">‘Tener’ imperfect tense</a>] +<em> (number)</em></strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Yo <strong>tenía </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">nueve años</span> cuando nos mudamos. <br>I <strong>was </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">nine years</span> old when we moved. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">En 1990, Laurie y Julia <strong>tenían</strong> veinte años. <br>In 1990, Laurie and Julia <strong>were </strong>twenty years old.</p> <p class="has-text-align-center">¿Cuántos años <strong>tenías</strong> cuando conociste a mi papá?<br>How old <strong>were</strong> you when you met dad?</p> <p><strong>Describing past habits and routines</strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-center phrase-structure"><strong>[Verb in imperfect tense] + [complement]</strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Jackie y yo <strong>jugábamos </strong>todos los días.<br>Jackie and I <strong>played </strong>every day. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Los jueves <strong>iba </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">a<strong> </strong>la casa de mis abuelos</span>. <br>I <strong>went to </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">my grandparents’ house</span> on Thursdays. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Cuando era niña, <strong>me gustaba</strong> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">comer chocolate</span>.<br>When I was a child, <strong>I liked</strong> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">to eat chocolate</span>.</p> <p><strong>Describing places, people or circumstances</strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-center phrase-structure"><strong>[Verb in imperfect tense] + [complement]</strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Paulina <strong>era </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">muy bonita</span>.<br>Paulina <strong>used to be</strong> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">very pretty</span>.</p> <p class="has-text-align-center">El día que conocí a Juan <strong>hacía </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">mucho frío</span>. <br>The day I met Juan <strong>was </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">very cold</span>. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Me vine porque el estacionamiento <strong>estaba </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">lleno</span>. <br>I came back because the parking lot <strong>was</strong> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">full</span>. </p> <p><strong>Referring to simultaneous actions</strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-center phrase-structure"><strong>[Verb in imperfect tense] + [complement]</strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Yo <strong>leía </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">mientras</span> Zoey <strong>lavaba </strong>los trastes.<br>I <strong>read </strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">while</span> Zoe <strong>washed </strong>the dishes. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Mark <strong>cocinaba</strong> mientras yo <strong>terminaba </strong>el proyecto. <br>Mark <strong>cooked </strong>while I <strong>finished </strong>the project. </p> <p>A great way to solidify your knowledge of the imperfect tense is by practicing it. Take this <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/quiz/imperfect-tense-quiz/">Sp</a><a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/quiz/imperfect-tense-quiz/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">anish Imperfect practice quiz</a>.</p> <h3 id="words_used_with_spanish_imperfect">Trigger words for the imperfect tense</h3> <p>Below is a table with some words that we frequently use in Spanish with the imperfect tense:</p> <div class="wp-container-4 wp-block-group table-responsive"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container"> <table class="wp-block-advgb-table advgb-table-frontend bordered"><thead><tr><th style="text-align:center;border-style:none;background-color:#ffb44f"><strong>Spanish</strong></th><th style="text-align:center;border-style:none;background-color:#ffb44f"><strong>English </strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Antes</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Before</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">A veces</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Sometimes</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Cada año</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Every year</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Cuando</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">When</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Entonces</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Then</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">En aquella época</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Back then</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">En ese tiempo</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">In that time</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Los lunes*</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">On Mondays</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Mientras</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">While</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Nunca</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Never</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Siempre</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Always</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Todos los días**</td><td style="text-align:center;border-style:none">Every day</td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <p>* You can replace ‘lunes’ with another <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/vocab/days-of-the-week-in-spanish/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">day of the week</a>.<br>**You can replace ‘días’, with <em>meses, semanas, </em>or days of the week. </p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Yo <span style="text-decoration: underline;">jugaba</span> con mi perro <strong>todos los días. </strong><br>I <span style="text-decoration: underline;">played</span> with my dog <strong>every day</strong>.</p> <p class="has-text-align-center">Mi hermano <strong>nunca</strong> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">quería</span> comer brócoli. <br>My brother <strong>never</strong> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">wanted</span><strong> </strong>to eat broccoli </p> <p class="has-text-align-center"><strong>Cuando</strong> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">éramos</span> niñas, Leticia y yo <span style="text-decoration: underline;">usábamos</span> la misma ropa. <br><strong>When</strong> we <span style="text-decoration: underline;">were</span> kids, Leticia and I <span style="text-decoration: underline;">used</span> the same clothes.</p> <p>Whenever you are talking about the <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/grammar/past-tense-spanish/">past in Spanish</a> and need to use one of these trigger words (or a similar time marker), you’ll know you likely need to use the imperfect tense.</p> <p class="take-notes"><strong>Take Note: </strong>Some of the trigger words for the imperfect can also be used in the <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/grammar/present-tense-spanish/">present tense</a>. Why? Because these tenses are used to talk about habits and routines at different points in time. </p> <h2 id="key_points">Key Points: Rules to Use the Imperfect in Spanish</h2> <p>You can’t talk about the past in Spanish without knowing how to use the imperfect tense. Below, you’ll find some key points about this tense and a chart that will help you determine if you need this tense: </p> <ul><li>The imperfect in Spanish <strong>narrates </strong>or provides <strong>background information </strong>about a past event. </li><li>It’s usually applied when sharing <strong>memories </strong>or <strong>telling </strong>stories. </li><li>The imperfect tense is used to:<ul><li><strong>Describe </strong>people, places and things in the past. </li><li><strong>Tell time </strong>and someone’s age. </li><li>Refer<strong> </strong>to <strong>simultaneous</strong> events or actions. </li><li>Talk about <strong>habits, </strong>and <strong>routines</strong> in the past. </li></ul></li><li>There are only <strong>three irregular </strong>verbs in the imperfect tense (‘ser’, ‘ir’, and ‘ver’).</li><li>Unlike <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/grammar/spanish-preterite/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">preterite</a>, the <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/grammar/preterite-vs-imperfect/">imperfect tense</a> in Spanish refers to <strong>actions without a specific</strong> ending or beginning. </li></ul> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img width="1024" height="576" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201024%20576'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" class="wp-image-10431" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Uses-of-Imperfect-Tense-in-Spanish-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Uses-of-Imperfect-Tense-in-Spanish-300x169.jpeg 300w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Uses-of-Imperfect-Tense-in-Spanish-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Uses-of-Imperfect-Tense-in-Spanish.jpeg 1200w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" 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class="et_social_bottom_trigger"></span> </div><!-- .entry-content --> <footer class="entry-footer"> </footer><!-- .entry-footer --> </article><!-- #post-10441 --> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Spanish Imperfect Tense 101: Uses, Examples & Conjugations","url":"https:\/\/www.tellmeinspanish.com\/grammar\/spanish-imperfect-tense\/","articleBody":"The imperfect in Spanish is an essential tense for anybody who wants to speak this language. I\u2019ll put it this way: you can\u2019t give details about your past without using this tense. Since it\u2019s crucial for your communication, in this guide, you\u2019ll learn when to use and how to conjugate imperfect verbs in Spanish.\u00a0\n\n\n\nHere is a quick overview of the topics we\u2019ll cover:\n\n\n\nHow to Form the Imperfect TenseIrregular verbsUsing the Imperfect to Talk About the PastWords used with Spanish imperfectKey Points\n\n\n\nIf you\u2019re struggling with the imperfect in Spanish, you\u2019re not alone! Let\u2019s get on with it, so you can start applying this tense correctly.\u00a0\n\n\n\n\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/iC7Eiae32BI\n\n\n\n\nConjugate the Imperfect Tense in Spanish\n\n\n\nFirst, let\u2019s see how to form imperfect verbs in Spanish. \n\n\n\nLike most tenses, the Spanish imperfect is formed by removing the infinitive form ending (-AR, -ER, or -IR) and adding the corresponding ending to the verb stem. \n\n\n\nThe imperfect endings for -AR verbs are:\n\n\n\n\nSubjectVerb -AR endingYo-abaT\u00fa-abas\u00c9l, Ella, Usted-abaNosotros-\u00e1bamosVosotros-abais Ustedes, Ellos, Ellas-aban\n\n\n\n\nYo nadaba todos los d\u00edas.I swam every day. \n\n\n\nT\u00fa nadabas los mi\u00e9rcoles. You swam on Wednesdays.\n\n\n\nSof\u00eda se peinaba sola. Sof\u00eda used to do her hair alone. \n\n\n\nNosotros viaj\u00e1bamos mucho.We traveled a lot. \n\n\n\nMis t\u00edas siempre nos regalaban ropa. My aunts always gave us clothes. \n\n\n\nCheck example #3. Reflexive verbs are not conjugated differently in the imperfect tense: just make sure you place the pronoun before the verb!\n\n\n\n-IR and -ER verbs share the same imperfect endings:\n\n\n\n\nSubject -ER & -IR VerbsYo-\u00edaT\u00fa-\u00edas\u00c9l, Ella, Usted-\u00edaNosotros-\u00edamosVosotros-\u00edaisUstedes, Ellos, Ellas-\u00edan\n\n\n\n\nYo no hac\u00eda mi tarea. I didn\u2019t do my homework. \n\n\n\nT\u00fa viv\u00edas muy lejos. You used to live very far. \n\n\n\nEn Navidad, mi prima nunca dorm\u00eda. My cousin never slept on Christmas. \n\n\n\nLos martes vosotros sol\u00edais trabajar. You used to work on Tuesdays. \n\n\n\nEllas siempre se com\u00edan mis galletas. They always ate my cookies. \n\n\n\nIrregular Verbs in the Imperfect Tense\n\n\n\nThere are only three irregular verbs and no stem-changing verbs in the imperfect tense. This is why the imperfect tense is such an easy tense to learn, at least, from a conjugation perspective. \n\n\n\nThe three irregular verbs in the imperfect tense that you need to learn are: \n\n\n\nSer - To beVer - To seeIr - To go \n\n\n\n\nSubject Ser Ir VerYoEraIbaVe\u00edaT\u00faErasIbasVe\u00edas\u00c9l, Ella, UstedEraIbaVe\u00edanNosotros\u00c9ramos\u00cdbamosVe\u00edamosVosotrosEraisIbaisVe\u00edaisUstedes, Ellos, EllasEranIbanVe\u00edan\n\n\n\n\nTake Note: Irse, the reflexive form of the verb \u2018ir\u2019, follows the same conjugation. \n\n\n\nSonia se iba antes de las seis. Sonia used to leave before six. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWhen to Use Imperfect in Spanish\n\n\n\nA crucial rule of the imperfect in Spanish is that this tense is used to talk about actions that occur repeatedly in the past or whose beginning or ending is unspecified. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSo when talking about the past, the imperfect tense is used to: \n\n\n\nTell time Say someone\u2019s ageDescribe past habits and routines Describe people, places, and circumstances Refer to simultaneous actions\n\n\n\nThe imperfect in Spanish is a tense related to narration. In other words, it places you in the past and tells you how things, actions, or people were. For this reason, it\u2019s common to use it when sharing memories or telling stories. \n\n\n\n\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/8IO-iWZkI9Y\n\n\n\n\nSentences with the imperfect tense\n\n\n\nBelow you\u2019ll find some examples of the different uses of the imperfect tense. \n\n\n\nTelling time in the past\n\n\n\n[\u2018Ser\u2019 imperfect tense] + [definite article] + [complement]\n\n\n\nEran las dos cuando Maurice lleg\u00f3. It was two when Maurice arrived. \n\n\n\nCreo que era la una y veinte. I think it was one-twenty.\n\n\n\nSaying your age \n\n\n\n[\u2018Tener\u2019 imperfect tense] + (number)\n\n\n\nYo ten\u00eda nueve a\u00f1os cuando nos mudamos. I was nine years old when we moved. \n\n\n\nEn 1990, Laurie y Julia ten\u00edan veinte a\u00f1os. In 1990, Laurie and Julia were twenty years old.\n\n\n\n\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos a\u00f1os ten\u00edas cuando conociste a mi pap\u00e1?How old were you when you met dad?\n\n\n\nDescribing past habits and routines\n\n\n\n[Verb in imperfect tense] + [complement]\n\n\n\nJackie y yo jug\u00e1bamos todos los d\u00edas.Jackie and I played every day. \n\n\n\nLos jueves iba a la casa de mis abuelos. I went to my grandparents\u2019 house on Thursdays. \n\n\n\nCuando era ni\u00f1a, me gustaba comer chocolate.When I was a child, I liked to eat chocolate.\n\n\n\nDescribing places, people or circumstances\n\n\n\n[Verb in imperfect tense] + [complement]\n\n\n\nPaulina era muy bonita.Paulina used to be very pretty.\n\n\n\nEl d\u00eda que conoc\u00ed a Juan hac\u00eda mucho fr\u00edo. The day I met Juan was very cold. \n\n\n\nMe vine porque el estacionamiento estaba lleno. I came back because the parking lot was full. \n\n\n\nReferring to simultaneous actions\n\n\n\n[Verb in imperfect tense] + [complement]\n\n\n\nYo le\u00eda mientras Zoey lavaba los trastes.I read while Zoe washed the dishes. \n\n\n\nMark cocinaba mientras yo terminaba el proyecto. Mark cooked while I finished the project. \n\n\n\nA great way to solidify your knowledge of the imperfect tense is by practicing it. Take this Spanish Imperfect practice quiz.\n\n\n\nTrigger words for the imperfect tense\n\n\n\nBelow is a table with some words that we frequently use in Spanish with the imperfect tense:\n\n\n\n\nSpanishEnglish AntesBeforeA vecesSometimesCada a\u00f1oEvery yearCuandoWhenEntoncesThenEn aquella \u00e9pocaBack thenEn ese tiempoIn that timeLos lunes*On MondaysMientrasWhileNuncaNeverSiempreAlwaysTodos los d\u00edas**Every day\n\n\n\n\n* You can replace \u2018lunes\u2019 with another day of the week.**You can replace \u2018d\u00edas\u2019, with meses, semanas, or days of the week. \n\n\n\nYo jugaba con mi perro todos los d\u00edas. I played with my dog every day.\n\n\n\nMi hermano nunca quer\u00eda comer br\u00f3coli. My brother never wanted to eat broccoli \n\n\n\nCuando \u00e9ramos ni\u00f1as, Leticia y yo us\u00e1bamos la misma ropa. When we were kids, Leticia and I used the same clothes.\n\n\n\nWhenever you are talking about the past in Spanish and need to use one of these trigger words (or a similar time marker), you\u2019ll know you likely need to use the imperfect tense.\n\n\n\nTake Note: Some of the trigger words for the imperfect can also be used in the present tense. Why? Because these tenses are used to talk about habits and routines at different points in time. \n\n\n\nKey Points: Rules to Use the Imperfect in Spanish\n\n\n\nYou can\u2019t talk about the past in Spanish without knowing how to use the imperfect tense. Below, you\u2019ll find some key points about this tense and a chart that will help you determine if you need this tense: \n\n\n\nThe imperfect in Spanish narrates or provides background information about a past event. It\u2019s usually applied when sharing memories or telling stories. The imperfect tense is used to:Describe people, places and things in the past. Tell time and someone\u2019s age. Refer to simultaneous events or actions. Talk about habits, and routines in the past. There are only three irregular verbs in the imperfect tense (\u2018ser\u2019, \u2018ir\u2019, and \u2018ver\u2019).Unlike preterite, the imperfect tense in Spanish refers to actions without a specific ending or beginning. ","headline":"Spanish Imperfect Tense 101: Uses, Examples & Conjugations","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Daniela Sanchez","url":"https:\/\/www.tellmeinspanish.com\/about-me\/"},"datePublished":"2022-08-11","mainEntityOfPage":"True","dateModified":"September 28, 2024","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.tellmeinspanish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Imperfect-Tense-Spanish-101-Examples-Uses-Conjugations-1024x576.jpg","height":360,"width":640},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Tell Me In Spanish","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.tellmeinspanish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/tmis_logo_xs-300x188.png","height":600,"width":60}}} </script> <article class="author-card"> <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/about-me/" alt="link to Daniela Sanchez author page"> <div data-bg="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/12419275_10153370688196472_3193377539784491038_o-e1559946207118-300x297.jpg" class="avatar-container rocket-lazyload" style=""> </div> </a> <div class="author-info"> <header> <p class="h3"><a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/about-me/">Daniela Sanchez</a></p> </header> <p>¡Hola! Soy Daniela Sanchez, I've been studying Spanish professionally as well as teaching it in Mexico and online for over 10 years. I’ve taught Spanish to a wide array of foreigners from many backgrounds. Over the years, I've made it my mission to work hard on refining many challenging to understand grammar topics to make my students' learning experiences easier, faster and more enjoyable. <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/about-me/">Read More About Me</a></p> </div> </article> <h3 class="h2">Recent Posts</h3> <div class="recent-articles-container"> <article class="article-card"> <a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/grammar/cual-vs-que/" rel="nofollow"><div data-bg="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cuál-vs-Qué-Key-Differences-You-Need-to-Know.jpg" class="image-container rocket-lazyload" style=""></div><span class="sr-only">link to Cuál vs Qué: Key Differences You Need to Know</span></a> <div class="copy-container"> <header> <p><a href="https://www.tellmeinspanish.com/grammar/cual-vs-que/">Cuál vs Qué: Key Differences You Need to Know</a></p> </header> <div class="excerpt"> <p>Cuál vs qué is a topic that often confuses Spanish learners. 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