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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-İlk_yılları_ve_eğitimi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#İlk_yılları_ve_eğitimi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>İlk yılları ve eğitimi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-İlk_yılları_ve_eğitimi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kariyeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kariyeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kariyeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kariyeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ödülleri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ödülleri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ödülleri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ödülleri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dış_bağlantılar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dış bağlantılar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">David Julius</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 48 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ديفيد جوليوس - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديفيد جوليوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B" title="ডেভিদ জুলিয়াছ - Assamca" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ডেভিদ জুলিয়াছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81" title="Дэвід Джуліус - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэвід Джуліус" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8A%D1%81" title="Дейвид Джулиъс - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дейвид Джулиъс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="ডেভিড জুলিয়াস - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডেভিড জুলিয়াস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" title="Ντέιβιντ Τζούλιους - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντέιβιντ Τζούλιους" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="دیوید جولیوس - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوید جولیوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1" title="דייוויד ג'וליוס - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דייוויד ג'וליוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8" title="डेविड जूलियस - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डेविड जूलियस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A4_%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Դեյվիդ Ջուլիուս - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեյվիդ Ջուլիուս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jay_Julius" title="David Jay Julius - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="David Jay Julius" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9" title="デヴィッド・ジュリアス - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デヴィッド・ジュリアス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%93_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="დევიდ ჯულიუსი - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დევიდ ჯულიუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EC%A4%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="데이비드 줄리어스 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데이비드 줄리어스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%8F%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Дејвид Џулиус - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дејвид Џулиус" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡേവിഡ് ജൂലിയസ് - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡേവിഡ് ജൂലിയസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="دیوید جولیوس - Mazenderanca" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دیوید جولیوس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazenderanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jay_Julius" title="David Jay Julius - Aşağı Almanca" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="David Jay Julius" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81,_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Джулиус, Дэвид - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джулиус, Дэвид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%8F%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D1%81" title="Дејвид Џулијус - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дејвид Џулијус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="டேவிட் ஜூலியஸ் - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டேவிட் ஜூலியஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94_%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA" title="เดวิด จูเลียส - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เดวิด จูเลียส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81" title="Девід Джуліус - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Девід Джуліус" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="David Julius" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="David Julius" 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ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28603389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">David Julius</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Dr_David_Julius_by_christopher_michel_in_2022_04_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Dr_David_Julius_by_christopher_michel_in_2022_04_%28cropped2%29.jpg/220px-Dr_David_Julius_by_christopher_michel_in_2022_04_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Dr_David_Julius_by_christopher_michel_in_2022_04_%28cropped2%29.jpg/330px-Dr_David_Julius_by_christopher_michel_in_2022_04_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Dr_David_Julius_by_christopher_michel_in_2022_04_%28cropped2%29.jpg/440px-Dr_David_Julius_by_christopher_michel_in_2022_04_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2454" data-file-height="3508" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">David Julius, 2022</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doğum</th><td class="infobox-data">4 Kasım 1955<span class="noprint"> (<span class="currentage"></span>69 yaşında)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(eyalet)" title="New York (eyalet)">New York Eyaleti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Milliyet</th><td class="infobox-data kategori"><a href="/wiki/Amerikal%C4%B1lar" title="Amerikalılar">Amerikalı</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Eğitim</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Teknoloji_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Massachusetts Teknoloji Enstitüsü">Massachusetts Teknoloji Enstitüsü</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kaliforniya_%C3%9Cniversitesi_(Berkeley)" title="Kaliforniya Üniversitesi (Berkeley)">Berkeley Kaliforniya Üniversitesi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doktor_(akademik_derece)" title="Doktor (akademik derece)">PhD</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Columbia Üniversitesi">Columbia Üniversitesi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ödüller</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizyoloji_veya_T%C4%B1p_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü">Nobel Tıp Ödülü</a> (2021)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Kariyeri</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dalları</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Fizyoloji" title="Fizyoloji">Fizyoloji</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Biyokimya" title="Biyokimya">Biyokimya</a>  • <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6robilim" title="Nörobilim">Nörobilim</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Çalıştığı kurumlar</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliforniya_%C3%9Cniversitesi,_San_Francisco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaliforniya Üniversitesi, San Francisco (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kaliforniya Üniversitesi, San Francisco</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tez" title="Tez">Tez</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/303332941/"><i>Mayada Protein İşleme ve Salgı: Alfa Faktör Çiftleşme Feromonunun Biyosentezi</i></a> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1984)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doktora_dan%C4%B1%C5%9Fman%C4%B1" title="Doktora danışmanı">Doktora<br />danışmanları</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Randy Schekman</a><br />Jeremy Thorner</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diğer akademik danışmanlar</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Richard Axel</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Rich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Rich (sayfa mevcut değil)">Alexander Rich</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center"></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>David Julius</b> (d. 4 Kasım 1955, <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>), <a href="/wiki/Amerikal%C4%B1lar" title="Amerikalılar">Amerikalı</a> fizyolog ve <a href="/wiki/Bilim_insan%C4%B1" title="Bilim insanı">bilim insanı</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kapsaisin" title="Kapsaisin">Kapsaisin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mentol" title="Mentol">mentol</a> ve sıcaklığı saptayan TRPV1 ve TRPM8 reseptörlerinin karakterizasyonu dahil, <a href="/wiki/A%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_(t%C4%B1p)" title="Ağrı (tıp)">ağrı hissi</a> ve ısının <a href="/wiki/Molek%C3%BCler_biyoloji" title="Moleküler biyoloji">moleküler mekanizmaları</a> üzerindeki çalışmalarıyla tanınmaktadır. San Francisco'daki <a href="/wiki/Kaliforniya_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Kaliforniya Üniversitesi">Kaliforniya Üniversitesi</a>'nde profesör olarak ders veren Julius, <a href="/wiki/Artem_Pataputyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Artem Pataputyan">Artem Pataputyan</a> ile birlikte "ısı ve temas reseptörlerinin keşfi" nedeniyle 2021 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizyoloji_veya_T%C4%B1p_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü">Nobel Tıp Ödülü</a>'ne layık görüldü. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="İlk_yılları_ve_eğitimi"><span id=".C4.B0lk_y.C4.B1llar.C4.B1_ve_e.C4.9Fitimi"></span>İlk yılları ve eğitimi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Julius&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: İlk yılları ve eğitimi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Julius&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: İlk yılları ve eğitimi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>David Julius, <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a> kökenli <a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Fkenaz_Yahudileri" title="Aşkenaz Yahudileri">Aşkanazi Yahudisi</a> bir ailenin çocuğu olarak 4 Kasım 1955'te <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>'un <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> bölgesinin <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Beach" title="Brighton Beach">Brighton Beach</a> mahallesinde doğdu.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanau_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanau-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abraham Lincoln Lisesini tamamlayan Julius,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lisans derecesini 1977 yılında <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Teknoloji_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Massachusetts Teknoloji Enstitüsü">Massachusetts Teknoloji Enstitüsü</a>'nden aldı. Doktora derecesini 1984'te <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremy_Thorner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremy Thorner (sayfa mevcut değil)">Jeremy Thorner</a> ve 2013 Nobel Tıp Ödülü sahibi <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Randy Schekman</a>'ın ortak gözetimi altında <a href="/wiki/Kaliforniya_%C3%9Cniversitesi_(Berkeley)" title="Kaliforniya Üniversitesi (Berkeley)">Berkeley California Üniversitesi</a>'den aldı ve burada Kex2'yi furin benzeri proprotein dönüştürücüsü olarak tanımladı.<sup id="cite_ref-David_Julius-tez_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David_Julius-tez-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1989 yılında, serotonin 1c reseptörünü klonlayıp karakterize ettiği <a href="/wiki/Columbia_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Columbia Üniversitesi">Columbia Üniversitesi</a>'nde <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Richard Axel</a> ile <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doktora_sonras%C4%B1_ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doktora sonrası araştırması (sayfa mevcut değil)">doktora sonrası araştırmasını</a> tamamladı.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Julius, Berkeley ve Columbia Üniversitesinde <a href="/wiki/Hal%C3%BCsinojen_mantarlar" title="Halüsinojen mantarlar">psilosibin mantarlarının</a> ve <a href="/wiki/LSD" title="LSD">liserjik asit dietilamidin</a> nasıl çalıştığıyla ilgilenmeye başladı ve bu da onu doğadaki şeylerin insan reseptörleri ile nasıl etkileşime girdiğini daha geniş incelemeye yöneltti.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kariyeri">Kariyeri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Julius&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kariyeri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Julius&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kariyeri"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kariyerine 1989 yılında <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliforniya_%C3%9Cniversitesi,_San_Fransisco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaliforniya Üniversitesi, San Fransisco (sayfa mevcut değil)">San Francisco California Üniversitesi</a>'nde öğretim görevlisi olarak başladı. 1997'de Julius'un laboratuvarı, <a href="/wiki/Ac%C4%B1_biber" title="Acı biber">acı biberlerdeki</a> <a href="/wiki/Kapsaisin" title="Kapsaisin">kapsaisin</a> kimyasalını algılayan reseptör olan <a href="/w/index.php?title=TRPV1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRPV1 (sayfa mevcut değil)">TRPV1</a>'i klonladı ve karakterize etti. Ayrıca TRPV1'in zararlı ısıyı (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Termosepsiyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termosepsiyon (sayfa mevcut değil)">termosepsiyon</a>)'u da algıladığını tespit ettiler. Julius'un laboratuvarı ayrıca <a href="/w/index.php?title=TRP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRP (sayfa mevcut değil)">TRP</a> süper ailesinin her iki üyesini oluşturan <a href="/w/index.php?title=TRPM8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRPM8 (sayfa mevcut değil)">TRPM8</a> (CMR1) ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=TRPA1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRPA1 (sayfa mevcut değil)">TRPA1</a>'i klonlamış ve karakterize etti ve TRPM8'in <a href="/wiki/Mentol" title="Mentol">mentol</a> ve daha düşük sıcaklıkları ve de TRPA1'in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardal_ya%C4%9F%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hardal yağı (sayfa mevcut değil)">hardal yağını</a> (allil izotiyosiyanat) tespit ettiğini kanıtladılar. Bu gözlemler, TRP kanallarının bir dizi sıcaklık ve kimyasalı tespit ettiğini saptadı. David Julius'un laboratuvarı, bu kanalları modüle eden <a href="/wiki/Toksin" title="Toksin">toksinleri</a> keşfederek, çeşitli türlerde kanalların benzersiz <a href="/wiki/Adaptasyon" title="Adaptasyon">adaptasyonlarını</a> tanımlayarak ve çok sayıda kanalın <a href="/wiki/Kriyojenik_elektron_mikroskopisi" title="Kriyojenik elektron mikroskopisi">kriyojenik elektron mikroskopisi</a> (kriyo-EM) yapılarını çözerek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nosisepsiyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nosisepsiyon (sayfa mevcut değil)">nosisepsiyon</a> çalışmasına da katkıda bulunmuştur. Julius, 2007-2020 yılları arasında hakemli dergi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Annual_Review_of_Physiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annual Review of Physiology (sayfa mevcut değil)">Annual Review of Physiology</a>'nin editörlüğünü yaptı. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ödülleri"><span id=".C3.96d.C3.BClleri"></span>Ödülleri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Julius&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ödülleri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Julius&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ödülleri"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2000 yılında, Julius, kapsaisin reseptörünün klonlanması konusundaki çalışmaları nedeniyle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl-UNC_Sinirbilimi_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perl-UNC Sinirbilimi Ödülü (sayfa mevcut değil)">Perl-UNC Sinirbilimi Ödülü</a>'ne layık görüldü. 2010 yılında, nosisepsiyonun çeşitli yönleriyle ilgili <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0yon_kanallar%C4%B1n%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İyon kanallarını (sayfa mevcut değil)">iyon kanallarını</a> tanımlayan çalışması nedeniyle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaw_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaw Ödülü (sayfa mevcut değil)">Shaw Ödülü</a>'nü kazandı. 2014 yılında, ağrı ve termosensasyonun moleküler temelini keşfetmesinden ötürü <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a> tarafından <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Paul_Janssen_Biyomedikal_Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Paul Janssen Biyomedikal Araştırma Ödülü (sayfa mevcut değil)">Dr. Paul Janssen Biyomedikal Araştırma Ödülü</a> ile onurlandırıldı. 2017 yılında <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanada_Gairdner_Uluslararas%C4%B1_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanada Gairdner Uluslararası Ödülü (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kanada Gairdner Uluslararası Ödülü</a> ve HFSP Nakasone Ödülüne layık görüldü. Ayrıca 2010 Teknik ve Bilimsel Araştırmalar kategorisinde <a href="/wiki/Asturias_Prensli%C4%9Fi_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Asturias Prensliği Ödülü">Asturias Prensliği Ödülü</a> tevcih edildi. 2020 Yaşam Bilimlerinde Atılım Ödülü, Nörobilim alanında Artem Pataputyan ile birlikte 2020 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kavli_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kavli Ödülü (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kavli Ödülü</a> ve 2020 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Ödüllerinin sahibi oldu. </p><p>2021'de sıcaklık ve dokunma reseptörlerini keşfettiklerinden dolayı Lübnan asıllı Amerikalı bilim insanı <a href="/wiki/Artem_Pataputyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Artem Pataputyan">Artem Pataputyan</a> ile birlikte <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizyoloji_veya_T%C4%B1p_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü">Nobel Tıp Ödülü</a>'ne layık görüldü.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelPrize_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelPrize-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Julius&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Julius&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hanau-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Hanau_1-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Shira Hanau (4 Ekim 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/2021/10/04/united-states/scientist-david-julius-whose-grandparents-fled-antisemitism-in-czarist-russia-wins-nobel-prize-in-medicine">"Scientist David Julius, whose grandparents fled antisemitism in Czarist Russia, wins Nobel Prize in medicine"</a> (İngilizce). Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 29 Kasım 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129145341/https://www.jta.org/2021/10/04/united-states/scientist-david-julius-whose-grandparents-fled-antisemitism-in-czarist-russia-wins-nobel-prize-in-medicine">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 28 Kasım 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scientist+David+Julius%2C+whose+grandparents+fled+antisemitism+in+Czarist+Russia%2C+wins+Nobel+Prize+in+medicine&rft.pub=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.date=2021-10-04&rft.au=Shira+Hanau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2021%2F10%2F04%2Funited-states%2Fscientist-david-julius-whose-grandparents-fled-antisemitism-in-czarist-russia-wins-nobel-prize-in-medicine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Julius" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-2"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Mueller, Benjamin; Santora, Marc; Engelbrecht, Cora (4 Ekim 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/04/health/nobel-prize-medicine-physiology-temperature-touch.html?smid=tw-share">"Nobel Prize Awarded for Research About Temperature and Touch"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 7 Ekim 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007065634/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/04/health/nobel-prize-medicine-physiology-temperature-touch.html?smid=tw-share">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 27 Kasım 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+Prize+Awarded+for+Research+About+Temperature+and+Touch&rft.pub=The+New+York+Times&rft.date=2021-10-04&rft.au=Mueller%2C+Benjamin%3B+Santora%2C+Marc%3B+Engelbrecht%2C+Cora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F10%2F04%2Fhealth%2Fnobel-prize-medicine-physiology-temperature-touch.html%3Fsmid%3Dtw-share&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Julius" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:KB1_bak%C4%B1m:_Birden_fazla_ad:_yazar_listesi" title="Kategori:KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-David_Julius-tez-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-David_Julius-tez_3-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">David Jay Julius (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/protein-processing-and-secretion-in-yeast-biosynthesis-of-alpha-factor-mating-pheromone/oclc/21756165">"Protein processing and secretion in yeast : biosynthesis of alpha- factor mating pheromone"</a> (İngilizce). <a href="/wiki/Kaliforniya_%C3%9Cniversitesi_(Berkeley)" title="Kaliforniya Üniversitesi (Berkeley)">Berkeley Kaliforniya Üniversitesi</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/21756165">21756165</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ProQuest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ProQuest (sayfa mevcut değil)">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/303332941">303332941</a>. 5 Aralık 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211205083847/https://www.worldcat.org/title/protein-processing-and-secretion-in-yeast-biosynthesis-of-alpha-factor-mating-pheromone/oclc/21756165">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 28 Kasım 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Protein+processing+and+secretion+in+yeast+%3A+biosynthesis+of+alpha-+factor+mating+pheromone&rft.pub=Berkeley+Kaliforniya+%C3%9Cniversitesi&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21756165&rft.au=David+Jay+Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Fprotein-processing-and-secretion-in-yeast-biosynthesis-of-alpha-factor-mating-pheromone%2Foclc%2F21756165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Julius" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Julius, D.; MacDermott, A. B.; Axel, R.; Jessell, T. M. (29 Temmuz 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.3399891">"Molecular Characterization of a Functional cDNA Encoding the Serotonin 1c Receptor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">Science</a></i> (İngilizce). <b>241</b> (4865). ss. 558-564. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Sci...241..558J">1988Sci...241..558J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3399891">10.1126/science.3399891</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1644869">1644869</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3399891">3399891</a>. 28 Kasım 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128113210/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.3399891">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 28 Kasım 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Molecular+Characterization+of+a+Functional+cDNA+Encoding+the+Serotonin+1c+Receptor&rft.pages=558-564&rft.date=1988-07-29&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988Sci...241..558J&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1644869&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3399891&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.3399891&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft.au=Julius%2C+D.%3B+MacDermott%2C+A.+B.%3B+Axel%2C+R.%3B+Jessell%2C+T.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.3399891&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Julius" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:KB1_bak%C4%B1m:_Birden_fazla_ad:_yazar_listesi" title="Kategori:KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NobelPrize-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-NobelPrize_5-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211004093736/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2021/summary/">"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Komitesi" title="Nobel Komitesi">Nobel Komitesi</a>. 4 Ekim 2021 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2021/summary/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Kasım 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+2021&rft.pub=Nobel+Komitesi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fmedicine%2F2021%2Fsummary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Julius" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters-6"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_6-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Johan Ahlander; Ludwig Burger (4 Ekim 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/julius-patapoutian-win-2021-nobel-prize-medicine-2021-10-04/">"Two Americans win Medicine Nobel for work on heat and touch"</a> (İngilizce). <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>: <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 3 Aralık 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211203090718/https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/julius-patapoutian-win-2021-nobel-prize-medicine-2021-10-04/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Kasım 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+Americans+win+Medicine+Nobel+for+work+on+heat+and+touch&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2021-10-04&rft.au=Johan+Ahlander&rft.au=Ludwig+Burger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fhealthcare-pharmaceuticals%2Fjulius-patapoutian-win-2021-nobel-prize-medicine-2021-10-04%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Julius" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dış_bağlantılar"><span id="D.C4.B1.C5.9F_ba.C4.9Flant.C4.B1lar"></span>Dış bağlantılar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Julius&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Dış bağlantılar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Julius&action=edit&section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Dış bağlantılar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560057">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560105">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560075">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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UCSF'deki profili</a> 8 Ekim 2021 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008132213/https://profiles.ucsf.edu/david.julius">arşivlendi</a>.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobel_Fizyoloji_veya_Tıp_Ödülü_sahipleri" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ 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title="Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü sahipleri listesi">sahipleri</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901-1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Emil Behring</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ronald Ross</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Niels Finsen</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0van_Pavlov" title="İvan Pavlov">İvan Pavlov</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Robert Koch</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Santiago Ramón y Cajal</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran" title="Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran">Alphonse Laveran</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lya_Me%C3%A7nikov" title="İlya Meçnikov">İlya Meçnikov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Paul Ehrlich</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Emil Kocher</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Albrecht Kossel</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Allvar Gullstrand</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Alexis Carrel</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet">Charles Robert Richet</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Robert Bárány</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Jules Bordet</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">August Krogh</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Archibald Hill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Otto Meyerhof</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Frederick Banting</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_James_Rickard_Macleod" title="John James Rickard Macleod">John Macleod</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Willem Einthoven</a> (1924)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Nobel_Prize.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926-1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Grib_Fibiger" title="Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger">Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Julius Wagner-Jauregg</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Charles Nicolle</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Christiaan Eijkman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Frederick Gowland Hopkins</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Karl Landsteiner</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Otto Warburg</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Charles Scott Sherrington</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Edgar Adrian</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Morgan</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">George Whipple</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">George Minot</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_P._Murphy" title="William P. Murphy">William Murphy</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Hans Spemann</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Dale</a> / <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Albert Szent-Györgyi</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Corneille Heymans</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Gerhard Domagk</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Henrik Dam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Edward Doisy</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Joseph Erlanger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Herbert Gasser</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Ernst Chain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Howard_Walter_Florey" title="Howard Walter Florey">Howard Walter Florey</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Hermann Muller</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">Carl Cori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Theresa_Cori" title="Gerty Theresa Cori">Gerty Theresa Cori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Bernardo Houssay</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Paul Müller</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Walter Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">António Egas Moniz</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Edward Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Tadeus Reichstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Philip Hench</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951-1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Max Theiler</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman">Selman Abraham Waksman</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Hans Krebs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Lipmann</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Thomas Weller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Frederick Robbins</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Hugo Theorell</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">André Cournand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Werner Forssmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_Woodruff_Richards" title="Dickinson Woodruff Richards">Dickinson Woodruff Richards</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Daniel Bovet</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">George Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Edward Tatum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Burnet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Georg von Békésy</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson">James Dewey Watson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Maurice Wilkins</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">John Eccles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Hodgkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Konrad Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen" title="Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen">Feodor Lynen</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">François Jacob</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michel_Lwoff" title="André Michel Lwoff">André Lwoff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Jacques Monod</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis Rous</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Charles B. Huggins</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Haldan Hartline</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">George Wald</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Holley" title="Robert William Holley">Robert William Holley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Khorana</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall Nirenberg</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Max Delbrück</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Edward_Luria" title="Salvador Edward Luria">Salvador Edward Luria</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Ulf von Euler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Julius Axelrod</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland" title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland">Earl Sutherland, Jr.</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Gerald Edelman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Porter</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Nikolaas Tinbergen</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Albert Claude</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Christian de Duve</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Palade</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a> / <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Temin</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976-2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Baruch Blumberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Daniel Gajdusek</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Andrew Schally</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn Yalow</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Werner Arber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith" title="Hamilton O. Smith">Hamilton O. Smith</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Allan Cormack</a> / <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Godfrey Hounsfield</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Jean Dausset</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">George Snell</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Roger Sperry</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">David H. Hubel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Torsten_N._Wiesel" title="Torsten N. Wiesel">Torsten N. Wiesel</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Sune Bergström</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengt_I._Samuelsson" title="Bengt I. Samuelsson">Bengt I. Samuelsson</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Vane" title="John Robert Vane">John Robert Vane</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Niels Jerne</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georges_J._F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J. F. Köhler">Georges Köhler</a> / <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Michael Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Joseph L. Goldstein</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biyokimyager)" title="Stanley Cohen (biyokimyager)">Stanley Cohen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Susumu Tonegawa</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Black" title="James W. Black">James W. Black</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude B. Elion</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">George H. Hitchings</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">J. Michael Bishop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Harold E. Varmus</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" title="Joseph Murray">Joseph Murray</a> / <a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">E. Donnall Thomas</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Erwin Neher</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Bert Sakmann</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Edmond Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Edwin G. Krebs</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts" title="Richard J. Roberts">Richard J. Roberts</a> / <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Phillip Sharp</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman" title="Alfred G. Gilman">Alfred G. Gilman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Martin Rodbell</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Eric F. Wieschaus</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Peter C. Doherty</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Rolf M. Zinkernagel</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Robert F. Furchgott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Louis Ignarro</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Ferid Murad</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Günter Blobel</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Arvid Carlsson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Paul Greengard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric Kandel</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001-günümüz</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Leland H. Hartwell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Tim Hunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a> / <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">H. Robert Horvitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Sulston" title="John E. Sulston">John E. Sulston</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Paul Lauterbur</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Peter Mansfield</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Richard Axel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Linda B. Buck</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Barry Marshall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Robin Warren</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Z._Fire" title="Andrew Z. Fire">Andrew Z. Fire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Craig_C._Mello" title="Craig C. Mello">Craig C. Mello</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario Capecchi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Martin Evans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Oliver Smithies</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Harald zur Hausen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Françoise Barré-Sinoussi</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Elizabeth Blackburn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider">Carol W. Greider</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Jack Szostak</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards">Robert G. Edwards</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Bruce Beutler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann">Jules A. Hoffmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ralph_M._Steinman" title="Ralph M. Steinman">Ralph M. Steinman</a> (<i>ölümünden sonra</i>) (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">John Gurdon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Shinya Yamanaka</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">James Rothman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Randy Schekman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas C. Südhof">Thomas C. Südhof</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">John O'Keefe</a> / <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">May-Britt Moser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Edvard Moser</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell" title="William C. Campbell">William C. Campbell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Satoshi Ōmura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Tu Youyou</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Ohsumi" title="Yoshinori Ohsumi">Yoshinori Ohsumi</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Jeffrey C. Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Michael Rosbash</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Michael W. Young</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">James P. Allison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Tasuku Honjo </a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Gregg L. Semenza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Peter J. Ratcliffe</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin" title="William Kaelin">William Kaelin</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Harvey J. Alter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Michael Houghton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Charles M. Rice</a> (2020)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David Julius</a> / <a href="/wiki/Artem_Pataputyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Artem Pataputyan">Artem Pataputyan</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a> / <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Victor Ambros</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Ruvkun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gary Ruvkun (sayfa mevcut değil)">Gary Ruvkun</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2021_Nobel_Ödülü_sahipleri" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" 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Pataputyan</a> (Lübnan/ABD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Ekonomi_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Ekonomi Ödülü">Ekonomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Angrist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Angrist (sayfa mevcut değil)">Joshua Angrist</a> (İsrail/ABD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Card&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Card (sayfa mevcut değil)">David Card</a> (Kanada/ABD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guido_Imbens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guido Imbens (sayfa mevcut değil)">Guido Imbens</a> (Hollanda/ABD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34219444">.mw-parser-output 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kazananlar">2022</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:2023_Nobel_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC_kazananlar" title="Şablon:2023 Nobel Ödülü kazananlar">2023</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:2024_Nobel_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC_kazananlar" title="Şablon:2024 Nobel Ödülü kazananlar">2024</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kavli_Nörobilim_Ödülü_sahipleri" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Kavli_N%C3%B6robilim_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC_sahipleri" title="Şablon:Kavli Nörobilim Ödülü sahipleri"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none 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