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<h1>Python Enhancement Proposals</h1> <ul class="breadcrumbs"> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/" title="The Python Programming Language">Python</a> » </li> <li><a href="../pep-0000/">PEP Index</a> » </li> <li>PEP 425</li> </ul> <button id="colour-scheme-cycler" onClick="setColourScheme(nextColourScheme())"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="colour-scheme-icon-when-auto"><use href="#svg-sun-half"></use></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="colour-scheme-icon-when-dark"><use href="#svg-moon"></use></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="colour-scheme-icon-when-light"><use href="#svg-sun"></use></svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Toggle light / dark / auto colour theme</span> </button> </header> <article> <section id="pep-content"> <h1 class="page-title">PEP 425 – Compatibility Tags for Built Distributions</h1> <dl class="rfc2822 field-list simple"> <dt class="field-odd">Author<span class="colon">:</span></dt> <dd class="field-odd">Daniel Holth <dholth at gmail.com></dd> <dt class="field-even">BDFL-Delegate<span class="colon">:</span></dt> <dd class="field-even">Alyssa Coghlan <ncoghlan at gmail.com></dd> <dt class="field-odd">Status<span class="colon">:</span></dt> <dd class="field-odd"><abbr title="Accepted and implementation complete, or no longer active">Final</abbr></dd> <dt class="field-even">Type<span class="colon">:</span></dt> <dd class="field-even"><abbr title="Normative PEP with a new feature for Python, implementation change for CPython or interoperability standard for the ecosystem">Standards Track</abbr></dd> <dt class="field-odd">Topic<span class="colon">:</span></dt> <dd class="field-odd"><a class="reference external" href="../topic/packaging/">Packaging</a></dd> <dt class="field-even">Created<span class="colon">:</span></dt> <dd class="field-even">27-Jul-2012</dd> <dt class="field-odd">Python-Version<span class="colon">:</span></dt> <dd class="field-odd">3.4</dd> <dt class="field-even">Post-History<span class="colon">:</span></dt> <dd class="field-even">08-Aug-2012, 18-Oct-2012, 15-Feb-2013</dd> <dt class="field-odd">Resolution<span class="colon">:</span></dt> <dd class="field-odd"><a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2013-February/124116.html">Python-Dev message</a></dd> </dl> <hr class="docutils" /> <section id="contents"> <details><summary>Table of Contents</summary><ul class="simple"> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#pep-acceptance">PEP Acceptance</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#rationale">Rationale</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#overview">Overview</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#use">Use</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#details">Details</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#python-tag">Python Tag</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#abi-tag">ABI Tag</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#platform-tag">Platform Tag</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id1">Use</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#compressed-tag-sets">Compressed Tag Sets</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#faq">FAQ</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#references">References</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li> </ul> </details></section> <div class="pep-banner canonical-pypa-spec sticky-banner admonition important"> <p class="admonition-title">Important</p> <p>This PEP is a historical document. The up-to-date, canonical spec, <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/platform-compatibility-tags/#platform-compatibility-tags" title="(in Python Packaging User Guide)"><span>Platform compatibility tags</span></a>, is maintained on the <a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/">PyPA specs page</a>.</p> <p class="close-button">×</p> <p>See the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.pypa.io/en/latest/specifications/#handling-fixes-and-other-minor-updates">PyPA specification update process</a> for how to propose changes.</p> </div> <section id="abstract"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#abstract" role="doc-backlink">Abstract</a></h2> <p>This PEP specifies a tagging system to indicate with which versions of Python a built or binary distribution is compatible. A set of three tags indicate which Python implementation and language version, ABI, and platform a built distribution requires. The tags are terse because they will be included in filenames.</p> </section> <section id="pep-acceptance"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#pep-acceptance" role="doc-backlink">PEP Acceptance</a></h2> <p>This PEP was accepted by Alyssa Coghlan on 17th February, 2013.</p> </section> <section id="rationale"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#rationale" role="doc-backlink">Rationale</a></h2> <p>Today “python setup.py bdist” generates the same filename on PyPy and CPython, but an incompatible archive, making it inconvenient to share built distributions in the same folder or index. Instead, built distributions should have a file naming convention that includes enough information to decide whether or not a particular archive is compatible with a particular implementation.</p> <p>Previous efforts come from a time where CPython was the only important implementation and the ABI was the same as the Python language release. This specification improves upon the older schemes by including the Python implementation, language version, ABI, and platform as a set of tags.</p> <p>By comparing the tags it supports with the tags listed by the distribution, an installer can make an educated decision about whether to download a particular built distribution without having to read its full metadata.</p> </section> <section id="overview"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#overview" role="doc-backlink">Overview</a></h2> <p>The tag format is {python tag}-{abi tag}-{platform tag}</p> <dl class="simple"> <dt>python tag</dt><dd>‘py27’, ‘cp33’</dd> <dt>abi tag</dt><dd>‘cp32dmu’, ‘none’</dd> <dt>platform tag</dt><dd>‘linux_x86_64’, ‘any’</dd> </dl> <p>For example, the tag py27-none-any indicates compatible with Python 2.7 (any Python 2.7 implementation) with no abi requirement, on any platform.</p> </section> <section id="use"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#use" role="doc-backlink">Use</a></h2> <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wheel</span></code> built package format includes these tags in its filenames, of the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{distribution}-{version}(-{build</span> <span class="pre">tag})?-{python</span> <span class="pre">tag}-{abi</span> <span class="pre">tag}-{platform</span> <span class="pre">tag}.whl</span></code>. Other package formats may have their own conventions.</p> </section> <section id="details"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#details" role="doc-backlink">Details</a></h2> <section id="python-tag"> <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#python-tag" role="doc-backlink">Python Tag</a></h3> <p>The Python tag indicates the implementation and version required by a distribution. Major implementations have abbreviated codes, initially:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>py: Generic Python (does not require implementation-specific features)</li> <li>cp: CPython</li> <li>ip: IronPython</li> <li>pp: PyPy</li> <li>jy: Jython</li> </ul> <p>Other Python implementations should use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.implementation.name</span></code>.</p> <p>The version is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_version_nodot</span></code>. CPython gets away with no dot, but if one is needed the underscore <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_</span></code> is used instead. PyPy should probably use its own versions here <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pp18</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pp19</span></code>.</p> <p>The version can be just the major version <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py2</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py3</span></code> for many pure-Python distributions.</p> <p>Importantly, major-version-only tags like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py2</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py3</span></code> are not shorthand for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py20</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py30</span></code>. Instead, these tags mean the packager intentionally released a cross-version-compatible distribution.</p> <p>A single-source Python 2/3 compatible distribution can use the compound tag <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py2.py3</span></code>. See <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Compressed</span> <span class="pre">Tag</span> <span class="pre">Sets</span></code>, below.</p> </section> <section id="abi-tag"> <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#abi-tag" role="doc-backlink">ABI Tag</a></h3> <p>The ABI tag indicates which Python ABI is required by any included extension modules. For implementation-specific ABIs, the implementation is abbreviated in the same way as the Python Tag, e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cp33d</span></code> would be the CPython 3.3 ABI with debugging.</p> <p>The CPython stable ABI is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">abi3</span></code> as in the shared library suffix.</p> <p>Implementations with a very unstable ABI may use the first 6 bytes (as 8 base64-encoded characters) of the SHA-256 hash of their source code revision and compiler flags, etc, but will probably not have a great need to distribute binary distributions. Each implementation’s community may decide how to best use the ABI tag.</p> </section> <section id="platform-tag"> <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#platform-tag" role="doc-backlink">Platform Tag</a></h3> <p>The platform tag is simply <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distutils.util.get_platform()</span></code> with all hyphens <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code> and periods <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.</span></code> replaced with underscore <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_</span></code>.</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>win32</li> <li>linux_i386</li> <li>linux_x86_64</li> </ul> </section> </section> <section id="id1"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1" role="doc-backlink">Use</a></h2> <p>The tags are used by installers to decide which built distribution (if any) to download from a list of potential built distributions. The installer maintains a list of (pyver, abi, arch) tuples that it will support. If the built distribution’s tag is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">in</span></code> the list, then it can be installed.</p> <p>It is recommended that installers try to choose the most feature complete built distribution available (the one most specific to the installation environment) by default before falling back to pure Python versions published for older Python releases. Installers are also recommended to provide a way to configure and re-order the list of allowed compatibility tags; for example, a user might accept only the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*-none-any</span></code> tags to only download built packages that advertise themselves as being pure Python.</p> <p>Another desirable installer feature might be to include “re-compile from source if possible” as more preferable than some of the compatible but legacy pre-built options.</p> <p>This example list is for an installer running under CPython 3.3 on a linux_x86_64 system. It is in order from most-preferred (a distribution with a compiled extension module, built for the current version of Python) to least-preferred (a pure-Python distribution built with an older version of Python):</p> <ol class="arabic simple"> <li>cp33-cp33m-linux_x86_64</li> <li>cp33-abi3-linux_x86_64</li> <li>cp3-abi3-linux_x86_64</li> <li>cp33-none-linux_x86_64*</li> <li>cp3-none-linux_x86_64*</li> <li>py33-none-linux_x86_64*</li> <li>py3-none-linux_x86_64*</li> <li>cp33-none-any</li> <li>cp3-none-any</li> <li>py33-none-any</li> <li>py3-none-any</li> <li>py32-none-any</li> <li>py31-none-any</li> <li>py30-none-any</li> </ol> <ul class="simple"> <li>Built distributions may be platform specific for reasons other than C extensions, such as by including a native executable invoked as a subprocess.</li> </ul> <p>Sometimes there will be more than one supported built distribution for a particular version of a package. For example, a packager could release a package tagged <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cp33-abi3-linux_x86_64</span></code> that contains an optional C extension and the same distribution tagged <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py3-none-any</span></code> that does not. The index of the tag in the supported tags list breaks the tie, and the package with the C extension is installed in preference to the package without because that tag appears first in the list.</p> </section> <section id="compressed-tag-sets"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#compressed-tag-sets" role="doc-backlink">Compressed Tag Sets</a></h2> <p>To allow for compact filenames of bdists that work with more than one compatibility tag triple, each tag in a filename can instead be a ‘.’-separated, sorted, set of tags. For example, pip, a pure-Python package that is written to run under Python 2 and 3 with the same source code, could distribute a bdist with the tag <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py2.py3-none-any</span></code>. The full list of simple tags is:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">pytag</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'.'</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">abitag</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'.'</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">z</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">archtag</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'.'</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">yield</span> <span class="s1">'-'</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="p">))</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>A bdist format that implements this scheme should include the expanded tags in bdist-specific metadata. This compression scheme can generate large numbers of unsupported tags and “impossible” tags that are supported by no Python implementation e.g. “cp33-cp31u-win64”, so use it sparingly.</p> </section> <section id="faq"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#faq" role="doc-backlink">FAQ</a></h2> <dl class="simple"> <dt>What tags are used by default?</dt><dd>Tools should use the most-preferred architecture dependent tag e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cp33-cp33m-win32</span></code> or the most-preferred pure python tag e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py33-none-any</span></code> by default. If the packager overrides the default it indicates that they intended to provide cross-Python compatibility.</dd> <dt>What tag do I use if my distribution uses a feature exclusive to the newest version of Python?</dt><dd>Compatibility tags aid installers in selecting the <em>most compatible</em> build of a <em>single version</em> of a distribution. For example, when there is no Python 3.3 compatible build of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">beaglevote-1.2.0</span></code> (it uses a Python 3.4 exclusive feature) it may still use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py3-none-any</span></code> tag instead of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py34-none-any</span></code> tag. A Python 3.3 user must combine other qualifiers, such as a requirement for the older release <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">beaglevote-1.1.0</span></code> that does not use the new feature, to get a compatible build.</dd> <dt>Why isn’t there a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.</span></code> in the Python version number?</dt><dd>CPython has lasted 20+ years without a 3-digit major release. This should continue for some time. Other implementations may use _ as a delimiter, since both - and . delimit the surrounding filename.</dd> <dt>Why normalise hyphens and other non-alphanumeric characters to underscores?</dt><dd>To avoid conflicting with the “.” and “-” characters that separate components of the filename, and for better compatibility with the widest range of filesystem limitations for filenames (including being usable in URL paths without quoting).</dd> <dt>Why not use special character <X> rather than “.” or “-“?</dt><dd>Either because that character is inconvenient or potentially confusing in some contexts (for example, “+” must be quoted in URLs, “~” is used to denote the user’s home directory in POSIX), or because the advantages weren’t sufficiently compelling to justify changing the existing reference implementation for the wheel format defined in PEP 427 (for example, using “,” rather than “.” to separate components in a compressed tag).</dd> <dt>Who will maintain the registry of abbreviated implementations?</dt><dd>New two-letter abbreviations can be requested on the python-dev mailing list. As a rule of thumb, abbreviations are reserved for the current 4 most prominent implementations.</dd> <dt>Does the compatibility tag go into METADATA or PKG-INFO?</dt><dd>No. The compatibility tag is part of the built distribution’s metadata. METADATA / PKG-INFO should be valid for an entire distribution, not a single build of that distribution.</dd> <dt>Why didn’t you mention my favorite Python implementation?</dt><dd>The abbreviated tags facilitate sharing compiled Python code in a public index. Your Python implementation can use this specification too, but with longer tags. Recall that all “pure Python” built distributions just use ‘py’.</dd> <dt>Why is the ABI tag (the second tag) sometimes “none” in the reference implementation?</dt><dd>Since Python 2 does not have an easy way to get to the SOABI (the concept comes from newer versions of Python 3) the reference implementation at the time of writing guesses “none”. Ideally it would detect “py27(d|m|u)” analogous to newer versions of Python, but in the meantime “none” is a good enough way to say “don’t know”.</dd> </dl> </section> <section id="references"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#references" role="doc-backlink">References</a></h2> <p>[1] Egg Filename-Embedded Metadata (<a class="reference external" href="http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EggFormats#filename-embedded-metadata">http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EggFormats#filename-embedded-metadata</a>)</p> <p>[2] Creating Built Distributions (<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3.4/distutils/builtdist.html">https://docs.python.org/3.4/distutils/builtdist.html</a>)</p> </section> <section id="acknowledgements"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#acknowledgements" role="doc-backlink">Acknowledgements</a></h2> <p>The author thanks Paul Moore, Alyssa Coghlan, Marc Abramowitz, and Mr. Michele Lacchia for their valuable help and advice.</p> </section> <section id="copyright"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#copyright" role="doc-backlink">Copyright</a></h2> <p>This document has been placed in the public domain.</p> </section> </section> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>Source: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0425.rst">https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0425.rst</a></p> <p>Last modified: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/peps/commits/main/peps/pep-0425.rst">2025-02-01 08:59:27 GMT</a></p> </article> <nav id="pep-sidebar"> <h2>Contents</h2> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#pep-acceptance">PEP Acceptance</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#rationale">Rationale</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#overview">Overview</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#use">Use</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#details">Details</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#python-tag">Python Tag</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#abi-tag">ABI Tag</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#platform-tag">Platform Tag</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id1">Use</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#compressed-tag-sets">Compressed Tag Sets</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#faq">FAQ</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#references">References</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li> </ul> <br> <a id="source" href="https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0425.rst">Page Source (GitHub)</a> </nav> </section> <script src="../_static/colour_scheme.js"></script> <script src="../_static/wrap_tables.js"></script> <script src="../_static/sticky_banner.js"></script> </body> </html>